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Li XD, Jiang GF, Li R, Bai Y, Zhang GS, Xu SJ, Deng WA. Molecular strategies of the pygmy grasshopper Eucriotettix oculatus adapting to long-term heavy metal pollution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116301. [PMID: 38599159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
To study the heavy metal accumulation and its impact on insect exterior and chromosome morphology, and reveal the molecular mechanism of insects adapting to long-term heavy metal compound pollution habitats, this study, in the Diaojiang river basin, which has been polluted by heavy metals(HMs) for nearly a thousand years, two Eucriotettix oculatus populations was collected from mining and non-mining areas. It was found that the contents of 7 heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn, Sb) in E. oculatus of the mining area were higher than that in the non-mining 1-11 times. The analysis of morphology shows that the external morphology, the hind wing type and the chromosomal morphology of E. oculatus are significant differences between the two populations. Based on the heavy metal accumulation,morphological change, and stable population density, it is inferred that the mining area population has been affected by heavy metals and has adapted to the environment of heavy metals pollution. Then, by analyzing the transcriptome of the two populations, it was found that the digestion, immunity, excretion, endocrine, nerve, circulation, reproductive and other systems and lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and other cell structure-related gene expression were suppressed. This shows that the functions of the above-mentioned related systems of E. oculatus are inhibited by heavy metal stress. However, it has also been found that through the significant up-regulation of genes related to the above system, such as ATP2B, pepsin A, ubiquitin, AQP1, ACOX, ATPeV0A, SEC61A, CANX, ALDH7A1, DLD, aceE, Hsp40, and catalase, etc., and the down-regulation of MAPK signalling pathway genes, can enhanced nutrient absorption, improve energy metabolism, repair damaged cells and degrade abnormal proteins, maintain the stability of cells and systems, and resist heavy metal damage so that E. oculatus can adapt to the environment of heavy metal pollution for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University Yizhou 546300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Guo-Fang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China; College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Ran Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yi Bai
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Guo-Song Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Shu-Juan Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Wei-An Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University Yizhou 546300, China; College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Li R, Qin Y, Rong W, Deng WA, Li X. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the pygmy grasshopper Eucriotettix oculatus (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea). Sci Data 2024; 11:431. [PMID: 38670991 PMCID: PMC11053044 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pygmy grasshoppers, which belong to the superfamily Tetrigoidea, exhibit remarkable environmental adaptability. However, no study has yet reported a reference genome for this group. In this study, we assembled a high-quality chromosome-scale genome of Eucriotettix oculatus, which survive in the environment heavily polluted by heavy metals, achieved through Illumina and PacBio sequencing, alongside chromosome conformation capture techniques. The resulting genome spans 985.45 Mb across seven chromosomes (range: 71.55 to 266.65 Mb) and features an N50 length of 123.82 Mb. Chr5 is considered to be the single sex chromosome (X). This genome is composed of 46.42% repetitive elements and contains 14,906 predicted protein-coding genes, 91.63% of which are functionally annotated. Decoding the E. oculatus genome not only promotes future studies on environmental adaptation for the pygmy grasshopper, but also provides valuable resources for in-depth investigation on phylogeny, evolution, and behavior of Orthoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Yingcan Qin
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, China
| | - Wantao Rong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, China
| | - Wei-An Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, China.
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, China.
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Matić D, Vlahović M, Grčić A, Filipović A, Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Mutić J, Đurđić S, Perić-Mataruga V. Antioxidative enzymes, alkaline phosphatases and Hsp70 expression in larvae of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from unpolluted and polluted forests after chronic cadmium treatment. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273:109721. [PMID: 37597714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of populations to pollution may result in enhanced ability to cope with environmental stress. To compare the responses of two Lymantria dispar populations living in unpolluted and polluted forests (UP and PP, respectively), we chronically exposed larvae to cadmium at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg Cd/g dry food (Cd1 and Cd2, respectively). We examined cadmium accumulation in the midgut and hemolymph, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and alkaline phosphatases (ALP) in the midgut, as well as Hsp70 protein expression in the midgut, hemolymph, and brain and evaluated these parameters as biomarkers of cadmium contamination. Larvae from PP, fed a control diet, showed higher activity of SOD and increased Hsp70 expression compared with larvae from UP. Excessive amounts of Cd were accumulated in the midgut of all Cd-fed larvae, whereas Cd content in the hemolymph was elevated only in larvae from PP after Cd2 treatment. In larvae from UP, Cd2 treatment decreased the activity of CAT and induced the expression of Hsp70 in the midgut and hemolymph. In larvae from PP, exposure to both Cd concentrations strongly attenuated SOD and CAT activities, while Hsp70 expression was not induced in any organ/tissue. Cd did not affect ALP activity in either population. Midgut Cd content proved to be a suitable indicator of Cd contamination for both polluted and unpolluted habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Anja Grčić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Filipović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Mutić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zhang Y, Xiong W, Yang S, Ai H, Zou Z, Xia B. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Cadmium on Development, Reproduction and Antioxidant Enzymes of Aleuroglyphus ovatus (Acari: Acaridae). INSECTS 2022; 13:895. [PMID: 36292843 PMCID: PMC9604281 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain contaminated by cadmium (Cd) has become a serious food security problem, and it is necessary to determine and evaluate the toxic effect and defense mechanism of long-term heavy metal pollution in grain. In order to evaluate the effects of long-term heavy metal Cd stress on the stored grain pests, Aleuroglyphus ovatus were fed with an artificial diet supplemented with different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg). The development, fecundity and detoxification enzymes of A. ovatus were analyzed and observed. In this study, the immature duration of A. ovatus was significantly prolonged under long-term Cd stress. Moreover, the survival duration of female adults was significantly shortened. The total number of eggs laid and the daily number laid per female adult decreased significantly. There were significant differences in protein content at protonymph and tritonymph stages when the concentration of Cd exceeded 10 mg/kg. The protein content of female adults was higher than that of male adults. The activity of detoxification enzymes showed differences in different conditions, such as development stage, Cd concentration and gender. These findings confirmed that A. ovatus were sensitive to Cd, and their offspring were severely affected under long-term Cd stress. Therefore, A. ovatus is a good model for evaluating the toxicity of long-term heavy metal Cd stress. The study provides the basis and enriches the research content of heavy metal pollution on mites, contributing to the harmonious and healthy development between the environment and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenhui Xiong
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shan Yang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hui Ai
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhiwen Zou
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Wen F, Yang J, Huang X, Huang X. Analysis of Differential Gene Expression of the Aquatic Insect Protohermes costalis (Walker) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in Response to Cadmium Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:815-823. [PMID: 35762274 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems is a serious threat to aquatic organisms. Species of Megaloptera are important predators of aquatic invertebrates and have been widely used as bioindicators in assessing the quality of freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we determined the differential gene expression profile of Protohermes costalis (Walker) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) in response to cadmium (Cd) exposure by using transcriptome analysis. A total of 60,627 unigenes were obtained in the transcriptomes of 150 mg/liter (PL), 1,000 mg/liter (PH) CdCl2 treatment, and the no Cd control (PC). Differential expression gene (DEG) analysis by pairwise comparison identified 2,794 DEGs after filtering the noninsect genes and repetitive counts. 606 DEGs were shared in comparisons of PL versus PC and PH versus PC, with 165 DEGs consistently up-regulated and 441 down-regulated by both PL and PH. Six heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the HSP70 family were identified in P. costalis and PcosHSP68 was up-regulated by both PL and PH. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed that the expression levels of PcosHSP68 in PL and PH were higher than that of PC by 31 and 197%, respectively. These results showed that exposure to Cd altered the gene expression profiles of P. costalis and the transcriptome data presented in this study provide insight into future studying on molecular mechanisms of Cd toxicity to these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasheng Wen
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xingrui Huang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Huang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Peoples Republic of China
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Silva AFE, Oliveira TDD, Bertocchi NÁ, Valente VLDS, Zefa E, Deprá M. Study of four Neotropical species of tree crickets Oecanthus Serville, 1831 (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) using cytogenetic and molecular markers. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210213. [PMID: 35499272 PMCID: PMC9059253 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyotypes in the worldwide subfamily Oecanthinae show variations in diploid number, chromosome morphology, and sex-chromosome system. This study described the chromosome set and phylogenetic relationships of four Neotropical species, Oecanthus lineolatus, O. valensis, O. pallidus, and O. pictus. We used classical cytogenetics and Bayesian Inference for phylogenetic reconstruction, using the mitochondrial genes COI, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA; and analyzed the phylogenetic patterns of changes in chromosome numbers, using ChromEvol. We observed differences in chromosome number among species and two different sex-chromosome systems. Oecanthus pictus showed 2n = 21, X0♂/22, XX♀; O. lineolatus, 2n = 20, XY♂/XX♀; and O. valensis and O. pallidus, 2n = 18, XY♂/XX♀. The karyotype of Oecanthus was asymmetric, one group with large chromosomes and variation in heterochromatin distribution, and another with small acrocentric chromosomes. The phylogenetic tree recovered two main groups: one with the Palearctic species and another with species from different bioregions, but with low posterior probability. The Neotropical species grouped separately, O. valensis and O. pictus with Nearctic and Ethiopian species, and O. pallidus and O. lineolatus in another, well-supported clade. Together, the phylogenic and chromosome data suggest descending dysploidy events during the evolution of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edison Zefa
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Brazil
| | - Maríndia Deprá
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Huang MY, Duan RY, Yin JW, Zhao Q, Wan YY, Liu Y. Individual and mixture toxicity of chromium and copper in development, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and apoptosis of Bufo gargarizans embryos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105671. [PMID: 33166901 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In natural ecosystems, living organisms are always subjected to a mixture of multiple heavy metals exposure, yet it is more common to study the effect of individual, rather than combined exposure. This study assessed the impacts of single or combined exposure to Cr and Cu on embryonic development, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and apoptosis in the early development of Bufo gargarizans embryos. The total length, development stage and malformations of embryos were measured, and the mRNA expression of genes related to oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and apoptosis at Gs 18 and Gs 22 were determined by RT-qPCR. The results showed that all treatments significantly reduced the total length of embryos, delayed the stage of embryonic development and increased the proportion of malformed embryos. The Cr-Cu mixture treatment showed the greatest suppression of embryonic development and induced the highest rate of embryo malformation, compared to individual Cr and Cu treatments. In addition, the expression levels of oxidative stress genes (HSP90, SOD and GPx) and fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes (ACOXL, ECHS1 and SCP) showed an up-regulated trend in treatments compared to control groups. Conversely, the lipid synthesis-related mRNA gene expressions (KAR, TECR, ACSL3 and ACSL4) were down-regulated. Among them, the Cr-Cu mixture had the greatest impact on lipid metabolism gene expression. The treatments showed significant effects on the expression of apoptosis genes (Bcl-1 and Bax), with Bcl-1 mRNA expression increasing and Bax mRNA expression decreasing. These results indicated that exposure to individual Cr, Cu and a Cr-Cu mixture can lead to oxidative stress, disrupt lipid metabolism and promote apoptosis, and the Cr-Cu mixture could cause more serious negative effects on B. gargarizans embryos than Cr or Cu individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Ren-Yan Duan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China.
| | - Jia-Wei Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Yue Wan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, Hunan, China
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Kasozi KI, Namazi C, Basemera E, Atuheire C, Odwee A, Majalija S, Kateregga JN. Inorganic pollutants in edible grasshoppers ( Ruspolia nitidula) of Uganda and their major public health implications. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2679-2691. [PMID: 32127841 PMCID: PMC7040292 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inorganic contamination of food products is associated with adverse health effects, however, information on grasshoppers in Africa is sparse. The objective of the study was to determine antioxidant, heavy metal and food safety status of edible grasshoppers of Uganda. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in central and southwestern Uganda, in which a questionnaire was administered to grasshopper harvesters. Grasshopper samples were collected from each harvesting point and analyzed in the laboratory for antioxidant and heavy metal content i.e. Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd) using atomic absorbance spectrometric (AAS) method on the heads and abdomen of the insects. Results Major antioxidants were Catalase > Glutathione > Glutathione peroxidase. In addition concentrations of heavy metals were in the order of Pb > Cr > Zn > Cd in the heads and abdomens of the grasshoppers. Pb concentrations were found to be higher in the heads than the abdomens and the carcinogenic potential of the grasshoppers was over 10 times over the recommended levels. Grasshoppers were found not to be safe especially in children due to their small body weight in comparison to adults. Conclusion Pb poisoning in the Ugandan children would be propagated through contaminated grasshoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Catherine Namazi
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Basemera
- Department of Pharmacy and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Collins Atuheire
- Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Health Sciences and Special Education, Africa Renewal University, Kampala
| | - Ambrose Odwee
- Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Samuel Majalija
- Department of Pharmacy and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John N Kateregga
- Department of Pharmacy and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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El-Samad LM, Radwan EH, Mokhamer EHM, Bakr NR. Aquatic beetles Cercyon unipunctatus as bioindicators of pollution in Lake Edku and Mariut, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6557-6564. [PMID: 30628000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lakes of the North Delta give a rich and imperative territory for marine fish and its regeneration, and have dependably been major areas of fish creation in Egypt, 75% of the production was collected from them. As of late, many difficulties are confronting these lakes and prompt the exhaustion of fish production from them. The aim of the present study is to evaluate different inorganic pollutants in Coleopterons aquatic insect (Cercyon unipunctatus) taken from both Lake Edku and Mariut and also, to estimate their effect on oxidative stress markers and chromosomal aberrations. The average concentrations of heavy metals differ in the two locations. The concentration of (Pb, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn) was significantly higher in water samples of Lake Mariut than those of Lake Edku. Also, the present work, showed the physical and chemical characters of the two lakes water. In the current study, the obtained results showed that there was a significant increase in (Pb, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn) concentrations in C. unipunctatus tissues which were collected from Lake Mariut. The biochemical parameters of oxidative stress have been affected by the pollution in Lake Mariut water. Significant increases in the activity level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde concentration were recorded, while there were significant decreases in (total protein content, GSH content, and GPx activity). The result of chromosomal aberration test showed that there were different types of aberrations as binucleate cell, lagging chromosome, and abnormal distribution of chromosomes. The obtained data showed that C. unipunctatus highly affected by environmental stressors in water. So we suggest that these beetles could be a suitable monitor for ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, El Shatbi, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Eman H Radwan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, El Gmohoria street, El Beheira, Egypt.
| | | | - Nahed R Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, El Gmohoria street, El Beheira, Egypt
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Butt A, Rehman K, Khan MX, Hesselberg T. Bioaccumulation of cadmium, lead, and zinc in agriculture-based insect food chains. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:698. [PMID: 30397822 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the metal concentration in soil is increasing due to different anthropogenic and geogenic factors. These metals are taken up by plants and further transferred in the food chain through different routes. The present study was designed to assess the transfer and bioaccumulation of the heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), in food chains from soil to berseem plants (Triofolium alexandrinum), to insect herbivores (the grasshopper Ailopus thalassinus and the aphid Sitobion avenae) and to an insect carnivore (the ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata). The soil of studied berseem fields were slightly alkaline, silty loam in texture and moderate in organic matter. In soil, the concentration of Zn and Pb were under permissible level while Cd was above the permissible level. The accumulation of metals in T. alexandrinum were found in the order Zn > Cd > Pb. Grasshoppers showed higher accumulation of Pb than of Cd and Zn. In the soil-berseem-aphid-beetle food chain, metal enrichment was recorded. However, aphids did not show bioaccumulation for Cd. Metals accumulation in beetles showed that translocation of Zn, Cd, and Pb was taking place in the third trophic level. Our study highlights the mobility of metals in insect food chains and showed that insect feeding style greatly influenced the bioaccumulation. However, different metals showed variable bioaccumulation rates depending on their toxicity and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Butt
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Li PC, Li XN, Du ZH, Wang H, Yu ZR, Li JL. Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced kidney injury in quail (Coturnix japonica) via inhibiting HSF1/HSF3-dependent heat shock response. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:981-988. [PMID: 30114749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a plasticizer can leach away from the plastic and hence entrances into the animal food chain which caused serious hazard in organs of animals, but there are few studies on DEHP kidney toxicity. The heat-shock response (HSR) consisting of the HSPs and HSFs plays an important role in various toxicity stress conditions. To investigate the influence on kidney toxicity and the modulation of HSR during DEHP exposure, female quail were fed the diet with 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg DEHP by gavage administration for 45 days. The shrinkages of glomeruli and dilation of kidney tubule epithelia cells were observed in the kidney of DEHP-exposed quail. DEHP treatment could significantly decrease the expressions of HSP25, HSP27, HSP47, HSP60, while the expressions of HSP10, HSP40, HSP70, HSP90, HSP110 were upregulated in the kidney. In addition, the expression levels of HSF1 and HSF3 were significantly increased under DEHP. This is the first study to demonstrate quail exposure to DEHP is in fact detrimental to bird kidney. Besides, DEHP could attack HSR by affecting the synthesis of HSFs to mediate the transcription of the HSPs resulting in kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hai Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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12
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Cai Z, Chen J, Cheng J, Lin T. Overexpression of Three Heat Shock Proteins Protects Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) From Thermal Stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 17:113. [PMCID: PMC5710657 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature is an important factor limiting the abundance and distribution of insects, and heat shock protein (Hsp) gene expression is sensitive to extremes of cold and heat. In order to explore the role of Hsps during thermal stress and development in Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), we cloned and characterized full-length Hsp genes, including MaHsp60, MaHsp70, and MaHsp90. M. alternatus were exposed to different temperatures (−15, −5, 5, 15, 25, 35, and 40℃) for 1 h and was allowed to recover at 25℃ for 1 h. Following the treatments, we investigated the expression of the Hsps by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In third instar larvae, MaHsp60, MaHsp70, and MaHsp90 expression was upregulated in response to cold and heat, but the three Hsps were especially sensitive to heat, specifically at 35℃ and 40℃. After heating M. alternatus to 35℃, the expression of MaHsp60, MaHsp70, and MaHsp90 was higher than at 5℃ and 25℃ in nearly all developmental stages. MaHsp60, MaHsp70, and MaHsp90 expression was highest in later pupal, early adult, and early adult stages, respectively. These results suggest that compared with normal ambient temperatures, thermal stress could induce high expression of the three Hsps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Cai
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingxiang Chen
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Lin
- South China Agricultural University, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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13
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Martín-Folgar R, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Cadmium alters the expression of small heat shock protein genes in the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:485-492. [PMID: 27889514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread and highly toxic heavy metal of particular ecotoxicological relevance for aquatic ecosystems. It occurs naturally in the environment but is also an industrial pollutant with extensively researched carcinogenic potentials. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are chaperones that play an important role in maintaining protein homeostasis under stress conditions. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise the most diverse group of the HSPs family. They are expressed both constitutively and by stress-induction. The midge Chironomus riparius is widely used as a test species in aquatic toxicology. In the present study, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the effects of acute Cd exposure to the expression profile of seven shsp genes (hsp17, hsp21, hsp22, hsp23, hsp24, hsp27, and hsp34) in C. riparius larvae. Results show a specific pattern of response with a rapid response by hsp27, which was downregulated at 2-6 h, while the rest of the shsp genes remained unaltered except for hsp17 at 2 h, which was upregulated. However, at 24 h of exposure are observed high levels of hsp23, hsp24, hsp27, and hsp34 transcription while hsp22 mRNA levels were downregulated and hsp17 and hsp21 remained unaltered. These changes in gene expression suggest a functional diversity between the sHSPs in the cellular response to heavy metal stress. The differential pattern in comparison with heat shock supports a specific profile depending on the stress supporting the use of shsp genes as suitable biomarkers for ecotoxicological studies on aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Piló D, Carvalho S, Pereira P, Gaspar MB, Leitão A. Is metal contamination responsible for increasing aneuploidy levels in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 577:340-348. [PMID: 27817921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the metal genotoxicity potential at chromosome-level in the bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum collected along different areas of the Tagus estuary. Higher levels of aneuploidy on gill cells were detected at the most sediment contaminated area both in May (31.7%) and October (36.0%) when compared to a less contaminated area over the same periods (20.3% and 29.0% respectively). Interestingly, metal bioaccumulation in gills was higher in the specimens collected at the least contaminated area with the exception of Pb. Indeed, the multivariate analysis revealed a stronger relation between aneuploidy and sediment contamination than between aneuploidy and the bioaccumulation of the metals. The temporal and spatial inconsistency found for the bioaccumulation of metals in R. philippinarum and the positive correlation between sediment contamination and aneuploidy at the most contaminated area suggest that these chromosome-level effects might be due to chronic metal contamination occurring in the Tagus estuary, rather than a direct result of the temporal variation of bioavailable contaminants. The vertical transmission phenomenon of bivalve aneuploidy levels may then be perpetuating those levels on clams from the most contaminated area. The present results shed light about the effect of metal toxicity at the chromosome-level in species inhabiting chronic contaminated areas and highlight the use of aneuploidy as an effective tool to identify persistent contamination in worldwide transitional waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Piló
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environment Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia International del Mar (CEIMAR), Avda. República Saharaui S/N Puerto Real, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - S Carvalho
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Pereira
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M B Gaspar
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA), Avenida 5 de Outubro, 8700-305 Olhão, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve (UAlg), Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - A Leitão
- Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Stauffer J, Panda B, Eeva T, Rainio M, Ilmonen P. Telomere damage and redox status alterations in free-living passerines exposed to metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:841-848. [PMID: 27693158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length may reflect the expected life span and possibly individual quality. Environmental stressors are known to increase oxidative stress and accelerate telomere attrition: however the interactions between redox status and telomere dynamics are not fully understood. We investigated whether exposure to heavy metal pollution is associated with oxidative stress and telomere damage in two insectivorous passerines, the Great tit (Parus major) and the Pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca). We were also interested to know whether within-brood competition could influence the nestling redox status or telomere length. Breeding females and nestlings were sampled near the point pollution source and compared to birds in non-polluted control zone. We measured heavy metal concentrations, calcium, metallothioneins, telomere lengths and redox status (oxidative damage, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) in liver samples. Great tit nestlings in the polluted zone had significantly shorter telomeres compared to those in the unpolluted control zone. In addition, those great tit nestlings that were lighter than their average siblings, had shorter telomeres compared to the heavier ones. In pied flycatchers neither pollution nor growth stress were associated with telomere length, but adult females had significantly shorter telomeres compared to the nestlings. All the results related to redox status varied remarkably among the species and the age groups. In both species antioxidants were related to pollution. There were no significant associations between redox status and telomere length. Our results suggest that wild birds at a young age are vulnerable to pollution and growth stress induced telomere damage. Redox status seems to interact with pollution and growth, but more studies are needed to clarify the underlying physiological mechanisms of telomere attrition. Our study highlights that all the observed associations and differences between the sampling zones varied depending on the species, age, and degree of exposure to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bineet Panda
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miia Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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16
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Stolpe C, Müller C. Effects of single and combined heavy metals and their chelators on aphid performance and preferences. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:3023-3030. [PMID: 27167884 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When present at elevated levels in the environment, heavy metals are toxic for most organisms. However, so-called hyperaccumulator plants tolerate heavy metals and use chelators for their internal long-distance transport. Thus, phloem-sucking insects may come in contact with the chelated metals. In the present study, the effects of individual and combined heavy metals, zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd), as well as of common chelators, nicotianamine and phytochelatin, were investigated on the performance, preferences, and metal accumulation of the generalist aphid Myzus persicae, using artificial diets. Added Zn increased aphid growth, whereas Cd reduced the survival of aphids. Chelators had neither protective nor negative effects on aphids. The combination of the 2 heavy metals in chelated or nonchelated form caused a potentiation effect that led to an extinction of the aphids within less than 2 wk, before they could reproduce. Both Cd and Zn accumulated in the aphids, indicating a possible biomagnification. In choice assays, aphids preferred diets amended with Zn with or without nicotianamine compared to a control diet. In contrast, a Cd-containing diet led to neither attraction nor aversion. The present study provides insight into how mixtures of heavy metals and their chelators influence the life history of a generalist aphid. The results have implications for the use of phytoremediation to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3023-3030. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Stolpe
- Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Mrdaković M, Ilijin L, Vlahović M, Matić D, Gavrilović A, Mrkonja A, Perić-Mataruga V. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and heat shock proteins (Hsp70) of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae in response to long-term fluoranthene exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:565-569. [PMID: 27343862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may affect biochemical and physiological processes in living organisms, thus impairing fitness related traits and influencing their populations. This imposes the need for providing early-warning signals of pollution. Our study aimed to examine changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the concentration of heat shock proteins (Hsp70) in homogenates of brain tissues of fifth instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae, exposed to the ubiquitous PAH, fluoranthene, supplemented to the rearing diet. Significantly increased activity of AChE in larvae fed on the diets with high fluoranthene concentrations suggests the necessity for elucidation of the role of AChE in these insects when exposed to PAH pollution. Significant induction of Hsp70 in gypsy moth larvae reared on the diets containing low fluoranthene concentrations, indicate that changes in the level of Hsp70 might be useful as an indicator of pollution in this widespread forest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Gavrilović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mrkonja
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Musiolek D, Kočárek P. Weather-dependent microhabitat use by Tetrix tenuicornis (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:68. [PMID: 27437707 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For ectothermic animals, selection of a suitable microhabitat is affected by a combination of abiotic and biotic factors. Also important is the trade-off between those microhabitats with optimal microclimatic conditions and food availability vs. those with the lowest level of competition and lowest risk of predation. Central European species of groundhoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) live in locations with small-scale mosaics of patches formed by bare ground, moss cushions and vascular plants (grasses and forbs). Our research focused on the effects of selected weather components (current temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and sunlight) on specific microhabitat selection by adults (during the reproductive season) and by the last-instar nymphs (during the non-reproductive season) of the groundhopper Tetrix tenuicornis. Using experimental conditions, we determined that microhabitat use by T. tenuicornis is sex-specific and that microhabitat preference differs between adults and nymphs. We suppose that microhabitats are used according to groundhopper current needs in relation to each habitat's suitability for maintaining body temperature, food intake and reproductive behaviour. Microhabitat preferences were significantly associated with temperature and atmospheric pressure. Changes in atmospheric pressure signal changes in weather, and insects respond to increases or decreases in pressure by adjusting their behaviour in order to enhance survival. We propose that, under low atmospheric pressure, T. tenuicornis actively seeks microhabitats that provide increased protection from adverse weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Musiolek
- Department of Biology and Ecology, and Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kočárek
- Department of Biology and Ecology, and Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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19
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Shonouda ML, El-Samad LM, Mokhamer ELH, Toto N. Use of Oxidative Stress and Genotoxic Biomarkers of Aquatic Beetles Anaceana globulus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) as Biomonitors of Water Pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/je.2016.122.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Kheirallah DAM, Ahmed El-M Z, El-Gendy DA. Impact of Cement Dust on the Testis of Tachyderma hispida (Forskal, 1775) (Coleoptra: Tenebrionidae), Inhabiting Mariout Region (Alexandria, Egypt). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/je.2016.55.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Haap T, Schwarz S, Köhler HR. Metallothionein and Hsp70 trade-off against one another in Daphnia magna cross-tolerance to cadmium and heat stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:112-119. [PMID: 26655655 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The association between the insensitivity of adapted ecotypes of invertebrates to environmental stress, such as heavy metal pollution, and overall low Hsp levels characterizing these organisms has been attracting attention in various studies. The present study seeks to induce and examine this phenomenon in Daphnia magna by multigenerational acclimation to cadmium in a controlled laboratory setting. In this experiment, interclonal variation was examined: two clones of D. magna that have previously been characterized to diverge regarding their cadmium resistance and levels of the stress protein Hsp70, were continuously exposed to a sublethal concentration of Cd over four generations to study the effects of acclimation on Hsp70, metallothionein (MT), reproduction and cross-tolerance to heat stress. The two clones differed in all the measured parameters in a characteristic way, clone T displaying Cd and heat resistance, lower Hsp70 levels and offspring numbers on the one hand and higher MT expression on the other hand, clone S the opposite for all these parameters. We observed only slight acclimation-induced changes in constitutive Hsp70 levels and reproductive output. The differences in MT expression between clones as well as between acclimated organisms and controls give evidence for MT accounting for the higher Cd tolerance of clone T. Overall high Hsp70 levels of clone S did not confer cross tolerance to heat stress, contrary to common expectations. Our results suggest a trade-off between the efforts to limit the proteotoxic symptoms of Cd toxicity by Hsp70 induction and those to sequester and detoxify Cd by means of MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Haap
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Simon Schwarz
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Bednarska AJ, Stępień K. Concentration dependent toxicokinetics of copper in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1823-1830. [PMID: 26169625 PMCID: PMC4661212 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To predict internal metal concentrations in animals under specific environmental exposures, the relationship between the exposure concentrations and values of toxicokinetic parameters must be known. At high exposure levels, the availability of carriers transporting metal ions through cellular membranes may become limited, thereby decreasing the assimilation rates (k A ). Furthermore, increased metal concentrations in food may result in greater damage to the gut and reduce the assimilation efficiency and/or increase the elimination rate (k E ). Therefore, k A should decrease and k E should increase with increasing metal concentrations. In fact, our study on Tribolium castaneum exposed to Cu at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg kg(-1) of dry flour showed that with increasing Cu concentrations, k A decreased from 0.0042 day(-1) at 500 mg kg(-1) to 0.0026 day(-1) at 4000 mg kg(-1) in females and from 0.0029 to 0.001 day(-1) in males and k E increased from 0.027 to 0.064 day(-1) and from 0.018 to 0.04 day(-1) in females and males, respectively. Significant differences in k A between the sexes were observed at 2000 and 4000 mg kg(-1), whereas significant differences between treatments were found for k A in males. Copper was efficiently regulated by T. castaneum: an eightfold increase in exposure concentrations resulted in only a ca. twofold increase in the internal concentration. No Cu effect on the respiratory metabolism of T. castaneum was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Stępień
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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23
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Shu Y, Zhou J, Lu K, Li K, Zhou Q. Response of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura to lead stress: changes in sex ratio, Pb accumulations, midgut cell ultrastructure. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:441-451. [PMID: 26248226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When cutworm Spodoptera litura larvae were fed on the diets with different lead (Pb) concentrations for one or five generations, changes in growth and food utilization were recorded; Pb accumulations were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer; changes in midgut cell ultrastructure were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The effects of Pb stress on S. litura growth and food utilization differed significantly between insects of the 1st and 5th generation. The male-female rate of 200mgkg(-1) Pb treatment from the 1st generation and 50mgkg(-1) Pb treatment from the 5th generation was significantly higher than control. No significant difference of Pb accumulations was found in larvae, pupae and adults between the 1st and 5th generation. No significant difference of Pb accumulations in corresponding tissues of larvae was found between male and female. Compared to fat body, hemolymph, head, foregut and hindgut, the highest Pb accumulation was found in migut of larvae exposed to 200mgkg(-1) Pb. TEM showed that expanded intercellular spaces were observed in Pb-treated midgut cells. The nuclei were strongly destroyed by Pb stress, evidenced by chromatin condensation and destroyed nuclear envelope. Mitochondria became swollen with some broken cristae after exposure to Pb. Therefore, neither gender nor progeny difference was present in Pb accumulations of S. litura, although effects of Pb stress on S. litura growth and food utilization differed from different generations and genders. Pb accumulations in midgut caused pathological changes in cells ultrastructure, possibly reflected the growth and food utilization of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Shu
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Keqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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24
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Ma E. Molecular Cloning and mRNA Expression of Heat Shock Protein Genes and Their Response to Cadmium Stress in the Grasshopper Oxya chinensis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131244. [PMID: 26135744 PMCID: PMC4489864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved molecular chaperones that are synthesized in response to stress. In this study, we cloned the full-length sequences of the Grp78 (glucose-regulated protein 78), Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp40 genes from the Chinese rice grasshopper Oxya chinensis. The full-length cDNA sequences of OcGrp78, OcHsp70, OcHsp90, and OcHsp40 contain open reading frames of 1947, 1920, 2172, and 1042 bp that encode proteins of 649, 640, 724, and 347 amino acids, respectively. Fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to quantify the relative transcript levels of these Hsp genes in different tissues and developmental stages. The mRNAs encoding these four Hsp genes were present at all developmental stages and in all tissues examined but were expressed at varying levels. Additionally, we investigated the mRNA expression profiles of these four Hsps in O. chinensis subjected to Cadmium (Cd) stress. OcGrp78, OcHsp70, OcHsp90, and OcHsp40 mRNA expression was induced under acute Cd stress; the levels reached a maximum within a short time (6 h), were reduced significantly at 12 h, and were lowered to or below control levels by 48 h. Regarding induction efficiency, OcHsp70 was the most sensitive gene to acute Cd stress. Chronic Cd exposure showed that dietary Cd treatment induced increased OcGrp78, OcHsp90, and OcHsp40 expression. However, dietary Cd induced a significant reduction of OcHsp70 expression. In the period tested, no significant difference in the mortality of the grasshoppers was observed. Our results suggest that these four Hsps genes, especially OcHsp70, are sensitive to acute Cd stress and could be used as molecular markers for toxicology studies. However, our results also indicate that OcHsp70 is not suitable for use as a molecular marker of chronic Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Biology Department, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Wang L, Yang S, Zhao K, Han L. Expression profiles of the heat shock protein 70 gene in response to heat stress in Agrotis c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:169. [PMID: 25688087 PMCID: PMC4535139 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieu169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones, and their overexpression enhances the survivability and stress tolerance of the cell. To understand the characteristics of HSP70 in Agrotis c-nigrum Linnaeus larvae, the coding sequence of this protein was cloned, and the effect of heat stress on transcription and protein properties was assessed. The obtained cDNA sequence of HSP70 was 2,213 bp, which contained an ORF of 1,965 bp and encoded 654 amino acid residues. Isolated HSP70 cDNA demonstrated more than 80% identity with the sequences of other known insect HSP70s. Next, HSP70 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and identified using SDS-PAGE and western blotting analyses. In addition, anti-HSP70-specific antisera were prepared using a recombinant HSP70 protein, and the results showed that this antisera was very specific to AcHSP70. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detected the relative transcription of the HSP70 gene in larvae and the transcription of A. c-nigrum in response to high temperatures. Induction of HSP70 was up-regulated to peak expression at 36°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China Virus-free Seedling Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Kuijun Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lanlan Han
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Synergistic effects of toxic elements on heat shock proteins. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:564136. [PMID: 25136596 PMCID: PMC4127286 DOI: 10.1155/2014/564136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins show remarkable variations in their expression levels under a variety of toxic conditions. A research span expanded over five decades has revealed their molecular characterization, gene regulation, expression patterns, vast similarity in diverse groups, and broad range of functional capabilities. Their functions include protection and tolerance against cytotoxic conditions through their molecular chaperoning activity, maintaining cytoskeleton stability, and assisting in cell signaling. However, their role as biomarkers for monitoring the environmental risk assessment is controversial due to a number of conflicting, validating, and nonvalidating reports. The current knowledge regarding the interpretation of HSPs expression levels has been discussed in the present review. The candidature of heat shock proteins as biomarkers of toxicity is thus far unreliable due to synergistic effects of toxicants and other environmental factors. The adoption of heat shock proteins as "suit of biomarkers in a set of organisms" requires further investigation.
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Xie G, Zou J, Zhao L, Wu M, Wang S, Zhang F, Tang B. Inhibitional effects of metal Zn²⁺ on the reproduction of Aphis medicaginis and its predation by Harmonia axyridis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87639. [PMID: 24533059 PMCID: PMC3922717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contamination, including metals, can disturb the reproductive processes of many organisms, including both prey and predatory insects. However, there is virtually no information on the effects of high level Zinc (Zn) pollution on aphids and ladybirds. The high concentrations of Zn²⁺ or Zn pollution inhibit reproduction in the phytophagous aphid, Aphis medicaginis, and the predatory ladybird Harmonia axyridis could provide important information. RESULTS It was observed in this study that Zn concentrations in Vicia faba (broad bean) seeds and seedlings in all Zn²⁺ treatments were significantly higher than that in the control group, and increased with increasing Zn²⁺ concentrations in the solution. The rate of reproduction in A. medicaginis declined significantly (p<0.05) over time in the five groups fed on broad bean seedlings treated with different concentrations of Zn²⁺ solution compared with the control group. These results showed that higher concentrations of Zn²⁺ significantly inhibited the reproductive capacity of A. medicaginis. We also cloned and identified a gene encoding vitellogenin (Vg) from A. medicaginis, which has an important role in vitellogenesis, and therefore, reproduction was affected by exposure to Zn²⁺. Expression of AmVg was reduced with increasing exposure to Zn²⁺ and also in the F1-F3 generations of aphids exposed to different Zn²⁺ concentrations. Predation by H. axyridis was also reduced in aphids exposed to high-levels of Zn²⁺. Similarly, ovipositioning by H. axyridis was also reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Zn²⁺ can significantly affect the reproductive capacity of both A. medicaginis and its predator H. axyridis, the former through effects on the expression of AmVg and the latter through avoidance of aphids containing high levels of Zn²⁺.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xie
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaping Zou
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengjing Wu
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li CH, Su XR, Wang MQ, Li YY, Li Y, Zhou J, Li TW. Alteration of Phascolosoma esculenta heat shock protein 90 expression under heavy metal exposure and thermal stress. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:2641-51. [PMID: 22869079 DOI: 10.4238/2012.july.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of heat shock protein 90 was cloned from Phascolosoma esculenta (PeHSP90) using expressed sequence tag and rapid amplification of cDNA end approaches. The cDNA of PeHSP90 was 2521 bp including a 5'-untranslated region of 110 bp, a 3'-untranslated region of 230 bp, and an open reading frame of 2181 bp. All of the characteristic motifs of the HSP90 family were completely conserved in the deduced amino acid of PeHSP90. The expression of PeHSP90 was induced by 3 heavy metals or elevated temperature, under which Zn²⁺ displayed effects were more toxic than those of Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺. The polyclonal antibodies generated from the recombinant product of PeHSP90 were specifically identified not only in the recombinant product but also in the native protein from hemocytes. These results strongly suggested that PeHSP90 was involved in heavy metal challenge and thermal stress regulation in P. esculenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Kafel A, Nowak A, Bembenek J, Szczygieł J, Nakonieczny M, Swiergosz-Kowalewska R. The localisation of HSP70 and oxidative stress indices in heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae in a cadmium-exposed population. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:22-7. [PMID: 22133653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cadmium toxicity may vary between animals with different history of metal exposure. The aim of our study was to examine HSP70, protein carbonyl levels, catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity in the heads of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) larvae originated from undergoing 1- and 44-generational cadmium treatment and in control (those that were not exposed to cadmium). We also measured the cadmium concentration and DNA damage level in the larvae. We observed higher level of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the heads of larvae derived from multi-generational metal treatment than in the heads of those from one-generational treatment (derived from the control rearing). Analysis of HSP localisation in the larval brain suggests that these changes could be important for protecting the neural function of larval mushroom bodies for animals selected during multigenerational metal exposure. Animals from one-generational treatment had, in turn, higher total antioxidant capacity than animals from multigenerational treatment. Anyway, animals from one- and 44-generational metal treatments did not differ in metal accumulation in the heads and the whole larval bodies, catalase activity or DNA damage level. All these measurements were higher than for control larvae and cadmium accumulation in the heads was much lower than in the whole bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kafel
- University of Silesia, Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
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Wang H, Li K, Zhu JY, Fang Q, Ye GY, Wang H, Li K, Zhu JY. Cloning and expression pattern of heat shock protein genes from the endoparasitoid wasp, Pteromalus puparum in response to environmental stresses. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 79:247-263. [PMID: 22517445 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Six heat shock protein (HSP) genes from five HSP families in the parasitoid, Pteromalus puparum, were evaluated for their response to temperature (-15 ~ 3°C , and 30 ~ 42°C for 1 h), heavy metals (0.5 ~ 5 mM Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) for 24 h and 60 h), and starvation (24 h). Compared with other insect HSPs, all conserved motifs are found in P. puparum HSPs, and they are very similar to those of the recently sequenced ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis. The temporal gene expression patterns indicated that these six HSP genes were all heat-inducible, of which hsp40 was the most inducible. The temperatures for maximal HSP induction at high and low temperature zone were 36 or 39°C and -3°C, respectively. In the hot zone, all HSP genes have the same initial temperature (33°C) for up-regulation. Low concentrations of Cd(2+) for a short-term promoted the expression of all HSP genes, but not high concentrations or long-term treatments. Cu(2+) stress for 24 h increased expression of nearly all HSP. Four HSP genes changed after starvation. We infer that all six HSP genes are sensitive to heat. This may help understand the absence of P. puparum during the summer and winter. The expression profiles of six HSP genes in P. puparum under heavy metal stress indicates that HSP is a short-term response to cellular distress or injury induced by Cd(2+) and Cu(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Michailova P, Warchałowska-Śliwa E, Szarek-Gwiazda E, Kownacki A. Does biodiversity of macroinvertebrates and genome response of Chironomidae larvae (Diptera) reflect heavy metal pollution in a small pond? ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:1-14. [PMID: 21404014 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The investigation was carried out on a small pond situated on a recent mine spoil at Bolesław in the Olkusz region with Zn-Pb ore deposits. Water of the pond had pH 7.2-8.5 and low concentrations of heavy metals. Concentrations of Pb (487 μg g( - 1)) and Zn (1,991 μg g( - 1)) in the sediment were very high and potentially could lead to toxicological effects. In the pond, 48 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to Oligochaeta and water stages of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Megaloptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and Diptera (mainly Chironomidae family) were found. The influence of heavy metals on macroinvertebrates diversity was not found. Effect of heavy metal pollution was observed on the appearance of chromosome aberrations in the polytene chromosomes of Chironomidae larvae. It was manifested by two ways: (1) in Kiefferulus tendipediformis and Chironomus sp. chromosome rearrangements in fixed state (tandem fusion and homozygous inversions), indicated intensive process of speciation; (2) in Chironomus sp., K. tendipediformis, Glyptotendipes gripekoveni (Chironomidae) somatic chromosome rearrangements (inversions, deficiencies, specific puffs, polyploidy) affected few cells of every individual. The somatic functional and structural alterations in Chironomidae species are particular suitable as biomarkers-they can be easily identified and used for detecting toxic agents in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskeva Michailova
- Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tzar Osvoboditel boulv, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Gao HH, Zhao HY, Du C, Deng MM, Du EX, Hu ZQ, Hu XS. Life table evaluation of survival and reproduction of the aphid, Sitobion avenae, exposed to cadmium. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2012; 12:44. [PMID: 22958415 PMCID: PMC3472964 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cadmium (Cd) on the development, fecundity, and reproduction of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were estimated by constructing a life table of S. avenae exposed to Cd. The concentrations of Cd in the soil were as follows: 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg. The correlation analysis of the Cd concentration in soil and wheat revealed that the amount in the wheat increased with the increase of Cd concentrations in soil. The results indicated that, the latter part of the reproduction period was significantly affected by Cd, according to the curve of the total survival rate (l(x)). The net reproductive rate (R(0)), innate capacity of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) of S. avenae all decreased under the stress of Cd, and were lowest at a Cd concentration of 20 mg/kg. Cd also negatively affected fecundity and m(x) (the number of offspring produced by an individual female). At 20 mg/kg, the decline of them was most obvious. In conclusion, survival and reproduction of S. avenae were inhibited under the treatment of the heavy metal Cd. Sitobion avenae was more sensitive to Cd at concentration of 20 mg/kg compared to the other concentrations. This concentration can be used to examine the mechanisms behind population genetics and biological mutation of S. avenae when exposed to heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui-Yan Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming-Ming Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Er-Xia Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zu-Qing Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiang-Shun Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Borowska J, Pyza E. Effects of heavy metals on insect immunocompetent cells. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:760-770. [PMID: 21419130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the following heavy metals, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), on haemocytes of the house fly Musca domestica L. was studied under laboratory conditions. House fly larvae were exposed to low or high, semi-lethal concentrations of metals. These particular metals were selected because they are present in polluted environments in Poland. In addition, we studied expression of the stress proteins HSP70 and HSP72 in haemocytes collected from larvae that had been exposed to heavy metal. The obtained results showed changes in haemocytes morphology and phagocytotic plasticity in the experimental flies in comparison to control. The number of prohaemocytes, regarded as stem cells, increased, while granulocytes, responsible for phagocytosis, decreased. However, we have not detected any clear changes in expression of HSP70 or HSP72 in flies treated with low or high concentrations of the heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Borowska
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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34
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Shu Y, Du Y, Wang J. Molecular characterization and expression patterns of Spodoptera litura heat shock protein 70/90, and their response to zinc stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Grześ IM. Zinc and cadmium regulation efficiency in three ant species originating from a metal pollution gradient. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 84:61-65. [PMID: 19823758 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient accumulation of trace metals is often reported in ants, but their metal regulation strategies are poorly understood. This study examined the relationships between Zn and Cd total (tot) and water soluble (ws) concentrations in soil and in workers of three ant species collected along a metal-pollution gradient: Formica cunicularia, Lasius flavus and Myrmica rubra. Regression line comparisons showed the body loads of metals to depend strongly on the metal and the species. M. rubra showed the most efficient regulation of Zn, as its average Zn concentration and the regression slope were several times lower than for the other species. Although the species differed in their Cd levels, the slopes of the relationships between Cd concentration in soil and in ants did not differ between species (tot: p = 0.71, ws: p = 0.31). The very weak relationship for Cd found for all species suggests at least some active Cd regulation. These results can be explained in the context of tissue-specific metal accumulation. High Zn accumulation in mandibles and ovarioles may explain its high accumulation in F. cunicularia and L. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena M Grześ
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Messaoudi I, Deli T, Kessabi K, Barhoumi S, Kerkeni A, Saïd K. Association of spinal deformities with heavy metal bioaccumulation in natural populations of grass goby, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus Pallas, 1811 from the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 156:551-560. [PMID: 18709433 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study illustrates an analysis of spinal deformities associated with metal accumulation in natural populations of Zosterisessor ophiocephalus derived from polluted (S1) and unpolluted (S2) areas in the Gulf of Gabès in Tunisia. Three basic types of spinal deformities were detected: kyphosis, scoliosis and lordosis. These basic deformities frequently co-occur. Spinal deformities were observed in 10.72% of the total examined fish (n = 494). Deformed fish were 3.85 times more frequent in S1 than in S2. In both sexes, the highest occurrence of deformities was observed in the 111-120 mm class decreasing thereafter with fish length. Hepatic concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly higher in Z. ophiocephalus from S1 than those from S2. Comparisons between fish in each site showed that liver concentrations of Cd and Zn were significantly higher in deformed fish than in normal fish. The relationship between metals accumulation and observed spinal deformities as well as the suitability of this kind of studies for environmental monitoring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Messaoudi
- UR 09/30: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Haap T, Köhler HR. Cadmium tolerance in seven Daphnia magna clones is associated with reduced hsp70 baseline levels and induction. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 94:131-137. [PMID: 19604586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The stress protein hsp70 is part of the intracellular alarm and repair system which enables organisms to counteract negative effects of toxicants on protein integrity. Under long-term selection pressure exerted by environmental pollution, in particular heavy metals, this system may be expected to play a major role in the course of local, microevolutionary events leading to the acquisition of toxicant resistance. Seven clones of Daphnia magna from different geographical regions were characterized regarding their sensitivity to Cd, their hsp70 expression, and Cd accumulation. In an acute immobilisation assay, the tested clones showed remarkable differences in their sensitivity to Cd. The highest EC(50) values by far were obtained for the clone displaying lowest hsp70 expression. In general, hsp70 levels reflected the order of sensitivity to Cd among the seven clones reciprocally. Clonal variations in sensitivity and hsp70 expression could not be related to differential accumulation of Cd, though. In summary, the association of stress insensitivity with low hsp70 induction which has been exemplarily reported for populations of different invertebrates under strong selection pressure could be affirmed for a largely parthenogenetic species for the first time. Furthermore, our observation has serious consequences for the interpretation of toxicological assays using a single D. magna clone solely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Haap
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany.
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Annabi A, Messaoudi I, Kerkeni A, Said K. Comparative study of the sensitivity to cadmium of two populations of Gambusia affinis from two different sites. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2009; 155:459-465. [PMID: 18604632 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-008-0448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the influence of animals' origin on their sensitivity toward heavy metals. For this purpose, we compared LC(50) of cadmium in two populations of Gambusia affinis captured in two geographically isolated environments in the east of Tunisia; Oued El Gsil in the city of Monastir (S2) and Oued Chenini in the region of Gabes (S1). Although physicochemical parameters of the water (pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity) are similar in the two studied sites, cadmium concentrations in water, sediments and fish tissues from S1 are significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those from S2, 48-h and 96-h LC(50) of the (S1) population are significantly higher than those from S2. In the same way, the offspring of the polluted site (S1) population exhibit 48-h and 96-h LC(50) values much higher than those of the reference site (S2) population. These results show that the population of the Gabes region is more resistant to cadmium than that of the Monastir region and that this resistance could have a genetic basis. These results indicate the influence of the origin of animals that has to be taken into account not only in laboratory toxicity tests, but also in field ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Annabi
- UR 09/30: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institute of Biotechnology, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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Zhang L, Wang L, Song L, Zhao J, Qiu L, Dong C, Li F, Zhang H, Yang G. The involvement of HSP22 from bay scallop Argopecten irradians in response to heavy metal stress. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:1763-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kessabi K, Kerkeni A, Saïd K, Messaoudi I. Involvement of cd bioaccumulation in spinal deformities occurrence in natural populations of Mediterranean killifish. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 128:72-81. [PMID: 18953499 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) on the spinal deformities occurrence in the Mediterranean killifish, Aphanius fasciatus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae). For this purpose, some indicators of skeletal bone mineralization, Cd, and calcium (Ca) concentrations in spinal column as well as bioaccumulation of Cd from the water and the sediment have been compared in normal and deformed fish collected from polluted (S1) and nonpolluted (S2) areas in the Gulf of Gabès in Tunisia. When compared to the normal fish, the deformed fish showed signs of spinal column demineralization such as significant decrease in the ash weight/dry weight ratio, percentage of nonorganic components content, and Ca concentration. Cd concentrations in spinal column and liver were significantly higher in deformed fish than in normal fish. A highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.915, p < 0.01) between Cd and Ca concentrations was noted in spinal column of deformed fish. Bioaccumulation factors of Cd in the liver from the water and the sediment in deformed fish were also significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in normal fish from S1 and S2. These findings suggest that the ability to accumulate large amount of Cd may represent a potential risk to induce spinal deformities in natural populations of Mediterranean killifish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Kessabi
- UR 09/30: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Barhoumi S, Messaoudi I, Deli T, Saïd K, Kerkeni A. Cadmium bioaccumulation in three benthic fish species, Salaria basilisca, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus and Solea vulgaris collected from the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia. J Environ Sci (China) 2009; 21:980-984. [PMID: 19862966 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To select a marine teleost fish which can be used as a bioindicator of cadmium (Cd) pollution in the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia, Cd concentrations in liver and gill were compared in three benthic fish species including Salaria basilisca, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus and Solea vulgaris. Fish samples were collected from three selected sites in the Gulf of Gabes, with different degrees of Cd contamination: the industrialized coast of Sfax (S1), the coast of Douar Chatt (S2) and the coast of Luza (S3). The results shows that Cd concentrations in both sediment and water collected from S1 were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than those from S2 and S3. For each species, Cd concentrations, in both liver and gill, showed the decreasing order: S1 > S2 > S3. The highest concentration of Cd was detected in the liver of S. basilisca, and only S. basilisca showed bioaccumulation factors (BAF) greater than 1 in all studied sites. In S1 and S2, BAF values respect the following order: S. basilisca > Z. ophiocephalus > S. vulgaris. These results of significant bioaccumulation of Cd, in terms of hepatic concentrations and bioaccumulation factors, indicated that S. basilisca can be used as bioindicator to evaluate the evolution of Cd pollution in the Gulf of Gabes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Barhoumi
- Trace Elements, Free Radicals, Antioxidant Systems and Environment and Humain Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Gao Q, Song L, Ni D, Wu L, Zhang H, Chang Y. cDNA cloning and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 90 gene in the haemocytes of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 147:704-15. [PMID: 17553718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone contributing to the folding, maintenance of structural integrity and proper regulation of a subset of cytosolic proteins. The full-length cDNA of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri HSP90 (designated CfHSP90) was cloned by EST and rapid RACE techniques. It was of 2710 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 2181 bp encoding a polypeptide of 726 amino acids with all the five HSP90 family signatures. BLAST analysis revealed that the CfHSP90 gene shared high similarity with other known HSP90 genes. Fluorescent real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine the expression pattern of CfHSP90 mRNA in haemocytes of scallops exposed to Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ for 10 and 20 days, respectively. All the three heavy metals could induce CfHSP90 expression. There was a clear dose-dependent expression pattern of CfHSP90 after heavy metals exposure for 10 days or 20 days. Different concentrations of the same metal resulted in different effects on CfHSP90 expression. The results indicated that CfHSP90 responded to various heavy metal stresses with a dose-dependent expression pattern as well as exposure time effect, and could be used as a molecular biomarker in a heavy metal polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
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Morgan AJ, Kille P, Stürzenbaum SR. Microevolution and ecotoxicology of metals in invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:1085-96. [PMID: 17593704 DOI: 10.1021/es061992x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of metal-contaminated habitats based on responses in the field is complicated by the evolution of local, metal-resistant ecotypes. The unpredictability of occurrence of genetically determined adaptive traits, in terms of site-specific geochemistry, a population's inferred exposure history, and in the physiology of resistance, exacerbates the problem. Micro-evolutionary events warrant the attention of ecotoxicologists because they undermine the application of the bedrock of toxicology, the dose-response curve, to in situ field assessments. Here we survey the evidence for the existence of genetically differentiated, metal-resistant, invertebrate populations; we also describe some of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the adaptations. Quantitative changes in tissue-metal partitioning, and in the molecular and cellular responses (biomarkers)to alterations in internal bioreactive metal pools, are widely accepted as indicators of toxicity and/or exposure in free-living organisms. Both can be modulated by resistance. The understanding that all genomes are intrinsicallyflexible, with subtle sequence changes in promoter regions or epigenetic adjustments conferring significant phenotypic consequences, is deemed highly relevant. Equally relevant is the systems biology insight that genes and proteins are woven into networks. We advocate that biomarker studies should work toward assimilating and exploiting these biological realities through monitoring the activities of suites of genes (transcriptomics) and their expressed products (proteomics), as well as profiling the metabolite signatures of individuals (metabolomics) and by using neutral genetic markers to genotype populations. Ecotoxicology requires robust tools that recognize the imprint of evolution on the constitution of field populations, as well as sufficient mechanistic understanding of the molecular-genetic observations to interpret them in meaningful environmental diagnostic ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A John Morgan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Eeva T, Belskii E, Kuranov B. Environmental pollution affects genetic diversity in wild bird populations. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2006; 608:8-15. [PMID: 16807076 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many common environmental pollutants, together with nuclear radiation, are recognized as genotoxic. There is, however, very little information on pollution-related genetic effects on free-living animal populations, especially in terrestrial ecosystems. We investigated whether genetic diversity in two small insectivorous passerines, the great tit (Parus major) and the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), was changed near point sources of heavy metals (two copper smelters) or radioactive isotopes (nuclear material reprocessing plant). We measured concentration of heavy metals and nucleotide diversity in mitochondrial DNA in feather samples taken from nestlings in multiple polluted areas and at control sites. In both species, heavy metal concentrations - especially of arsenic - were increased in feathers collected at smelter sites. The P. major population living near a smelter showed significantly higher nucleotide diversity than a control population in an unpolluted site, suggesting increased mutation rates in a polluted environment. On the contrary, F. hypoleuca showed reduced nucleotide diversity at both smelter sites but increased nucleotide diversity near the source of radioactivity. Our results show that heavy metal pollution and low level nuclear radiation affect the nucleotide diversity in two free-living insectivorous passerines. We suggest that the different response in these two species may be due to their different ability to handle toxic compounds in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Eeva
- Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FIN-20014, Finland.
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