1
|
Kończak B, Wiesner-Sękala M, Ziembińska-Buczyńska A. The European trees phyllosphere characteristics and its potential in air bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123977. [PMID: 38621454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The air pollution remediation is naturally carried out by plants. Their overground parts called phyllosphere are a type of a natural filter on which pollutants can be adsorb. Moreover, microbial communities living in phyllosphere perform a variety of biochemical processes removing also chemical pollutants. As their pollution is nowadays a burning issue especially for highly developed countries, the development of effective and ecological technologies for air treatment are of the utmost importance. The use of phyllosphere bacteria in the process of air bioremediation is a promising technology. This article reviews the role of phyllospheric bacteria in air bioremediation processes especially linked with the moderate climate plants. Research results published so far indicate that phyllosphere bacteria are able to metabolize the air pollutants but their potential is strictly determined by plant-phyllospheric bacteria interaction. The European tree species most commonly used for this purpose are also presented. The collected information filled the gap in the practical use of tree species in air bioremediation in the moderate climate zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kończak
- Department of Water Protection, Central Mining Institute - National Research Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland.
| | - M Wiesner-Sękala
- Department of Water Protection, Central Mining Institute - National Research Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland.
| | - A Ziembińska-Buczyńska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, str. Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Makarenko ES, Shesterikova EM, Kazakova EA, Bitarishvili SV, Volkova PY, Blinova YA, Lychenkova MA. White clover from the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP: Morphological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 262:107152. [PMID: 36933462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the biological effects of chronic radiation exposure (8 μGy/h) in populations of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) from the Chernobyl exclusion zone was carried out. White clover is one of the most important pasture legumes, having many agricultural applications. Studies at two reference and three radioactively contaminated plots showed no stable morphological effects in white clover at this level of radiation exposure. Increased activities of catalase and peroxidases were found in some impacted plots. Auxin concentration was enhanced in the radioactively contaminated plots. Genes involved in the maintenance of water homeostasis and photosynthetic processes (TIP1 and CAB1) were upregulated at radioactively contaminated plots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Makarenko
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249032, Obninsk, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina M Shesterikova
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249032, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A Kazakova
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249032, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sofia V Bitarishvili
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249032, Obninsk, Russia
| | | | - Yana A Blinova
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249032, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Maria A Lychenkova
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249032, Obninsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pimentel Victório C, Silva Dos Santos M, Cordeiro Dias A, Silvério Pena Bento JP, Dos Santos Ferreira BH, da Costa Souza M, Kato Simas N, do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda R. Laguncularia racemosa leaves indicate the presence of potentially toxic elements in mangroves. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4845. [PMID: 36964211 PMCID: PMC10038979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian mangroves have been severely impacted by metallurgical, petrochemical, pyrometallurgical smelters and other industrial activities. In Rio de Janeiro, mangroves are part of the Atlantic Rainforest now under the stress of high levels of industrial waste. Therefore, this work aimed to detect potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by evaluating the leaves of Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. collected from three mangroves with different levels of pollution. To gain further insight toward an accurate diagnosis of the effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove stands, we evaluated leaf epicuticular wax composition, as well as morphological and anatomical traits. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), gas chromatography (GC) and microscopy. Results revealed variation in the contents of PTEs among the three mangroves from lowest to highest concentration, as follows: Al (0.30-0.73), Pb (0.095-0.325) and Zn (0.25-0.30) mg/kg. Zn was detected in sclerenchyma tissues. Leaf epicuticular wax contained more than 50% of triterpenes, in particular, the pentacyclic triterpenes lupeol (41.61-55.63%) and β-amyrin (8.81-16.35%). Such high concentrations promote the increase in leaf permeability to salts and PTEs. Micromorphology of leaf epicuticular wax in L. racemosa also varied among the three evaluated sites, especially around stomatal openings, but no harmful changes were noted. L. racemosa plays a key role in the rich diversity of mangrove ecosystems. As such, this species could, by the presence of PTEs in its leaves, be a suitable biomonitor of toxic substances in coastal environments of the world and used accordingly in strategies designed for eco-sustainable technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Pimentel Victório
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ-ZO), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ-ZO), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Aimêe Cordeiro Dias
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ-ZO), Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Silvério Pena Bento
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Dos Santos Ferreira
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Souza
- Herbário RBR, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Naomi Kato Simas
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yadav P, Mina U, Bhatia A, Singh B. Cultivar assortment index (CAI): a tool to evaluate the ozone tolerance of Indian Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) cultivars. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:30819-30833. [PMID: 36441328 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The adverse impact of climate change on crop yield has accelerated the need for identification of crop cultivars resistant to abiotic stress. In the present study, a cultivar assortment index (CAI) was generated for the evaluation of forty Amaranthus hypochondriacus cultivars response to elevated ozone (EO) concentrations (AO + 30 ppb) in Free Air Ozone Enrichment (FAOE) facility using the parameters viz. foliar injury, gaseous exchange attributes, namely, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular carbon dioxide, and water use efficiency along with above ground biomass and grain yield attributes. The dataset was used to identify key indicator parameters responsive to EO through principal component analysis (PCA) and further transformed to obtain linear score and weighted score. The CAI varied from 70.49 to 193.43. Cultivars having CAI value less than 151 were ozone tolerant (OT) whereas cultivars with CAI values between 150 and 170 were moderately tolerant (MOT). The cultivars exhibiting CAI values above 170 were ozone sensitive (OS). The cultivars exhibited differential sensitivity to EO with IC-5994 (CAI = 187.26) being the most affected cultivar whereas IC-5576 (CAI = 83.38) and IC-5916 (CAI = 70.49) being the least affected ones. The CAI, based on linear score and weighted score, offers easy identification of ozone sensitive (OS) and ozone tolerant (OT) cultivars. This index could help researchers to define a clear and strong basis for identification of OT cultivars which will reduce the time required for preliminary screening and further evaluation of crop cultivars for the development of climate smart crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Usha Mina
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Arti Bhatia
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture (CESCRA), ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Phylloplane Biodiversity and Activity in the City at Different Distances from the Traffic Pollution Source. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030402. [PMID: 35161383 PMCID: PMC8839900 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phylloplane is an integrated part of green infrastructure which interacts with plant health. Taxonomic characterization of the phylloplane with the aim to link it to ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic pressure is not sufficient because only active microorganisms drive biochemical processes. Activity of the phylloplane remains largely overlooked. We aimed to study the interactions among the biological characteristics of the phylloplane: taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and activity, and the pollution grade. Leaves of Betula pendula were sampled in Moscow at increasing distances from the road. For determination of phylloplane activity and functional diversity, a MicroResp tool was utilized. Taxonomic diversity of the phylloplane was assessed with a combination of microorganism cultivation and molecular techniques. Increase of anthropogenic load resulted in higher microbial respiration and lower DNA amount, which could be viewed as relative inefficiency of phylloplane functioning in comparison to less contaminated areas. Taxonomic diversity declined with road vicinity, similar to the functional diversity pattern. The content of Zn in leaf dust better explained the variation in phylloplane activity and the amount of DNA. Functional diversity was linked to variation in nutrient content. The fraction of pathogenic fungi of the phylloplane was not correlated with any of the studied elements, while it was significantly high at the roadsides. The bacterial classes Gammaproteobacteria and Cytophagia, as well as the Dothideomycetes class of fungi, are exposed to the maximal effect of distance from the highway. This study demonstrated the sensitivity of the phylloplane to road vicinity, which combines the effects of contaminants (mainly Zn according to this study) and potential stressful air microclimatic conditions (e.g., low relative air humidity, high temperature, and UV level). Microbial activity and taxonomic diversity of the phylloplane could be considered as an additional tool for bioindication.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao X, Guo P, Yang Y, Peng H. Effects of air pollution on physiological traits of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. leaves in Luoyang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:530. [PMID: 34322784 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of trees experience the maximum brunt of exposure and undergo certain changes in physiological traits responding to air pollution, and then, the specific leaf traits can be the indicators of air pollution in an area. However, due to the diversity of sources, the composition of air pollutants is very complex. This makes it difficult to predict air pollution using physiological differentiation of leaves. The purpose of this investigation was to examine potential of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. leaf measurement as a method to predict the air pollutants in Luoyang, China. Leaves of roadside L. lucidum were studied from the city center with serious air pollution to relatively unpolluted areas. Leaf size, stomatal traits, and non-structural carbohydrate were measured. The particulate and gaseous pollutants (including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone) were investigated too. The results showed that the leaf area and soluble sugar content decreased, while the aspect ratio of leaves increased in heavily polluted areas. As pollution increased, the stomatal traits in different crown positions were changed differently. No significant correlation was found between ozone content and the measured traits of leaves. The responses found in the physiological differentiation of the leaves reflect acclimation to air pollution. The soluble sugar content of the leaves could be used to indicate the short-term stress of air pollution, the area, and aspect ratio of leaves are indicative of the long-term stress due to air pollution. Therefore, physiological traits of L. lucidum leaves appeared to be significant predictive factors for the air pollutants in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Peng
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sheng Q, Song M, Zhu Z, Cao F. Physiological and biochemical responses of two precious Carpinus species to high-concentration NO 2 stress and their natural recovery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9500. [PMID: 33947881 PMCID: PMC8096962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpinus betulus and Carpinus putoensis are precious species in the world. Studies on the ecosystem function of the two species are rare. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of C. betulus and C. putoensis to NO2 stress and their natural recovery. C. betulus and C. putoensis seedlings underwent fumigation with 12.0 mg/m3 NO2 for 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Then, the plants were allowed to recover at room temperature for 30 d. Physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves were compared between the two species. In terms of peroxidase (POD) activity, the damage response of C. betulus under NO2 stress appeared later than that of C. putoensis. The soluble protein content of C. betulus was noticeably higher than that of C. putoensis, and C. betulus exhibited more stable membrane lipoperoxidation. The tendency of the changes in nitrate reductase of C. betulus was less noticeable than that of C. putoensis. The variation amplitudes of N, K, Mg, Zn and Mn in the leaves of C. putoensis were greater than those of C. betulus. C. putoensis showed more sensitive metabolisms in response to NO2 stress compared with C. betulus. High-concentration NO2 caused damage to C. betulus and C. putoensis was reversible, and both species returned to normal growth via their own metabolism after 30-d recovery. The results of this study may provide useful reference data for quantitative assessment of the ecosystem function of C. betulus and C. putoensis and for their scientific application in urban greening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Min Song
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Art and Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry of University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmad I, Shamsi L, Hameed M, Fatima S, Ahmad F, Ahmad MSA, Ashraf M, Javaid A, Sultan MA. Micro-morphological response of some native dicotyledonous species to particulate pollutants emitted from stone crushing activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25529-25541. [PMID: 33459989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stone crushing processes release particulates and associated noxious substances in our surroundings that are continuously destructing environmental conditions and ecosystem health. Morpho-anatomical changes in some medicinally important native species (Aerva javanica, Calotropis procera, Digera muricata, Euphorbia prostrata, Euploca strigosa, and Peganum harmala) exposed to heavy dust pollution were evaluated. These species selected on the basis of their ubiquitous distribution in the area. Two sites were selected in the Kirana Hills, Sargodha, one near stone crushers within 500-m radius (polluted) and the other 4 km away from the crushers (control) varying significantly in amount of dust particles received. A decrease in plant height of all species from dust-polluted sites was observed. Reduction in height was more prominent in species like C. procera and D. muricata. Stem sclerification increased in C. procera and E. prostrata from the polluted site that is an indication of better tolerance to dust pollution. C. procera showed increased stem and leaf epidermis, stem sclerenchyma, and stem vascular bundles, which can increase resistance to dust pollution. E. strigosa was the most sensitive species in which all morpho-anatomical factors decreased. Survival of plant species depended on specific structural modifications in dermal, mechanical, parenchymatous, and vascular tissue. Overall, dust pollution severely affected plant morphological and micro-morphological traits, but the response of selected species to dust pollution was variable. It is concluded that stem and leaf anatomical traits like size of dermal and storage tissue thickness and stomatal density are good indicators for biomonitoring of dust pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Lubaba Shamsi
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Fatima
- Department of Botany, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Anum Javaid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Victório CP, Dos Santos MS, de Mello MC, Bento JPSP, da Costa Souza M, Simas NK, do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda R. The presence of heavy metals in Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechman ex Moldenke leaf and epicuticular wax from different mangroves around Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23714-23729. [PMID: 32301084 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the leaf epicuticular wax and the presence of heavy metals in leaves of Avicennia shaueriana, a halophyte found in Brazilian mangroves. We evaluated plants collected in mangroves located around Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro State. Heavy metals were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Chemical analysis of epicuticular wax was made by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We also evaluated the micromorphology of leaf surface using scanning electronic and light microscopy. The leaves from each mangrove presented alterations in wax layer. Fagarasterol (lupeol) in high quantity was the main triterpene identified in the leaf wax from plants collected in all mangroves: Coroa Grande (76.43%), Pedra de Guaratiba (38.91%), and Marambaia (62.56%). Al, Fe, Mn, and Zn were the main heavy metals detected in leaves from the three mangroves by ICP-OES. Thus, we show that that plants able to survive in the mangrove swamp can adapt to the exposure of heavy metals, accumulate them in their leaves, and be used in coastal area recovery projects as a phytoremediator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Pimentel Victório
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Estadual da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro (UEZO), Campo Grande, Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Estadual da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro (UEZO), Campo Grande, Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Marise Costa de Mello
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Estadual da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro (UEZO), Campo Grande, Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga 1.203, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Silvério Pena Bento
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Souza
- Herbário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (RBR), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Naomi Kato Simas
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, CCS, Bloco A, sala A2-16, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira Arruda
- Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Francis B, Gilman RT. Light intensity affects leaf morphology in a wild population of Adenostyles alliariae (Asteraceae). ITALIAN BOTANIST 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.8.39393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low light conditions can impose environmental stress on plants, and plants often respond adaptively by increasing their leaf area. Light stress on plants can also result in developmental instability, which can manifest as increased fluctuating asymmetry in leaves or other organs. The relationship between light conditions and fluctuating asymmetry has been documented in experimental populations, but has been less frequently observed in the wild. Here, we studied how leaf surface area and fluctuating asymmetry correlate with light intensity in a wild population of Adenostyles alliariae (Asteraceae). We found strong evidence that leaf surface area increases and weak evidence that fluctuating asymmetry increases as light intensity decreases. Our results help to elucidate the relationship between light stress and developmental instability under naturally occurring conditions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Radial and Bilateral Fluctuating Asymmetry of Iris pumila Flowers as Indicators of Environmental Stress. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared the biomonitoring potential of various types of flower asymmetry indices in Iris pumila (Dwarf Bearded Iris). We chose 197 naturally growing clones from the arid steppe habitat in the largest sandy area in Europe (Deliblato Sands Nature Reserve), and we transplanted two replicates of each clone to a polluted highway site with a heavy traffic flow. After a period of acclimatization, lower levels of photosynthetic pigment concentrations and higher stomatal density and specific leaf area in transplants verified that the chosen highway site was indeed more stressful and therefore suitable for estimation of the flower asymmetry biomonitoring potential. We analyzed radially and bilaterally symmetrical flower structures (radial fluctuating asymmetry (RA) and bilateral fluctuating asymmetry (FA)) on three perianth parts—falls, standards, and styles—and calculated various asymmetry indices based on linear and geometric morphometrics. Despite utilizing a heavily polluted environment and fairly large sample sizes, only one asymmetry index was significantly higher on the polluted site with demonstrated stressful effects on utilized plants, indicating that flower asymmetry was not an efficient method for biomonitoring in the case of I. pumila RA and FA indices.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kozlov MV, Zverev V. Temperature and herbivory, but not pollution, affect fluctuating asymmetry of mountain birch leaves: Results of 25-year monitoring around the copper‑nickel smelter in Monchegorsk, northwestern Russia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:678-687. [PMID: 29870944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), which is defined as the magnitude of the random deviations from a symmetrical shape, reflects developmental instability and is commonly assumed to increase under environmental and genetic stress. We monitored the leaf FA of mountain birch, Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii, from 1993 to 2017 in individually marked trees at 21 sites around the copper‑nickel smelter at Monchegorsk, and we then analysed the results with respect to spatial and temporal variation in pollution, climate and background insect herbivory. Responses of leaf FA to different stressors were stressor specific: FA did not correlate with pollution load, it decreased significantly with an increase in June air temperature and it increased slightly but significantly with an increase in the previous-year leaf damage due to defoliating and leafmining insects. Our findings suggest that climate warming is unlikely to impose stress on the explored mountain birch populations, but even small increases in insect herbivory may adversely affect birch trees. However, these conclusions, since they are based on an observational study, should be viewed as tentative until confirmed by controlled experiments. We also demonstrated that the use of non-blinded measurements, which are prone to confirmation bias, was the primary reason for the earlier report of an increase in birch leaf FA near the Monchegorsk smelter. We hope that our findings will promote a wide use of blinded methods in ecological research and that they will contribute to debunking the myth that plant leaf FA consistently increases with increases in environmental pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Kozlov
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Vitali Zverev
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kováts N, Horváth E, Eck-Varanka B, Csajbók E, Hoffer A. Adapting the Vegetative Vigour Terrestrial Plant Test for assessing ecotoxicity of aerosol samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15291-15298. [PMID: 28502046 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants, being recognized to show high sensitivity to air pollution, have been long used to assess the ecological effects of airborne contaminants. However, many changes in vegetation are now generally attributed to atmospheric deposition of aerosol particles; the dose-effect relationships of this process are usually poorly known. In contrast to bioindication studies, ecotoxicological tests (or bioassays) are controlled and reproducible where ecological responses are determined quantitatively. In our study, the No. 227 OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: Terrestrial Plant Test: Vegetative Vigour Test (hereinafter referred to as 'Guideline') was adapted and its applicability for assessing the ecotoxicity of water-soluble aerosol compounds of aerosol samples was evaluated. In the aqueous extract of the sample, concentration of metals, benzenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAHs was determined analytically. Cucumis sativus L. plants were sprayed with the aqueous extract of urban aerosol samples collected in a winter sampling campaign in Budapest. After the termination of the test, on day 22, the following endpoints were measured: fresh weight, shoot length and visible symptoms. The higher concentrations applied caused leaf necrosis due to toxic compounds found in the extract. On the other hand, the extract elucidated stimulatory effect at low concentration on both fresh weight and shoot length. The test protocol, based on the Guideline, seems sensitive enough to assess the phytotoxicity of aqueous extract of aerosol and to establish clear cause-effect relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kováts
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Horváth
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Bettina Eck-Varanka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Eszter Csajbók
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - András Hoffer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stiegel S, Entling MH, Mantilla-Contreras J. Reading the Leaves' Palm: Leaf Traits and Herbivory along the Microclimatic Gradient of Forest Layers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169741. [PMID: 28099483 PMCID: PMC5242534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microclimate in different positions on a host plant has strong direct effects on herbivores. But little is known about indirect effects due to changes of leaf traits. We hypothesized that herbivory increases from upper canopy to lower canopy and understory due to a combination of direct and indirect pathways. Furthermore, we hypothesized that herbivory in the understory differs between tree species in accordance with their leaf traits. We investigated herbivory by leaf chewing insects along the vertical gradient of mixed deciduous forest stands on the broad-leaved tree species Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) with study sites located along a 140 km long transect. Additionally, we studied juvenile Acer pseudoplatanus L. (sycamore maple) and Carpinus betulus L. (hornbeam) individuals within the understory as a reference of leaf traits in the same microclimate. Lowest levels of herbivory were observed in upper canopies, where temperatures were highest. Temperature was the best predictor for insect herbivory across forest layers in our study. However, the direction was opposite to the generally known positive relationship. Herbivory also varied between the three tree species with lowest levels for F. sylvatica. Leaf carbon content was highest for F. sylvatica and probably indicates higher amounts of phenolic defense compounds. We conclude that the effect of temperature must have been indirect, whereby the expected higher herbivory was suppressed due to unfavorable leaf traits (lower nitrogen content, higher toughness and carbon content) of upper canopy leaves compared to the understory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Stiegel
- University of Hildesheim, Institute of Biology and Chemistry, Ecology and Environmental Education Group, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Martin H. Entling
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Landau, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras
- University of Hildesheim, Institute of Biology and Chemistry, Ecology and Environmental Education Group, Hildesheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Jochner S, Markevych I, Beck I, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Heinrich J, Menzel A. The effects of short- and long-term air pollutants on plant phenology and leaf characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:382-9. [PMID: 26253312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pollution adversely affects vegetation; however, its impact on phenology and leaf morphology is not satisfactorily understood yet. We analyzed associations between pollutants and phenological data of birch, hazel and horse chestnut in Munich (2010) along with the suitability of leaf morphological parameters of birch for monitoring air pollution using two datasets: cumulated atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone derived from passive sampling (short-term exposure) and pollutant information derived from Land Use Regression models (long-term exposure). Partial correlations and stepwise regressions revealed that increased ozone (birch, horse chestnut), NO2, NOx and PM levels (hazel) were significantly related to delays in phenology. Correlations were especially high when rural sites were excluded suggesting a better estimation of long-term within-city pollution. In situ measurements of foliar characteristics of birch were not suitable for bio-monitoring pollution. Inconsistencies between long- and short-term exposure effects suggest some caution when interpreting short-term data collected within field studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jochner
- Physical Geography/Landscape Ecology and Sustainable Ecosystem Development, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 18, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Beck
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (UNIKA-T), Technische Universität München, Neusässer Straße 47, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (UNIKA-T), Technische Universität München, Neusässer Straße 47, 86156 Augsburg, Germany; CK CARE - Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Herman-Burchard-Straße 1, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Ecoclimatology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wuyts K, Adriaenssens S, Staelens J, Wuytack T, Van Wittenberghe S, Boeckx P, Samson R, Verheyen K. Contributing factors in foliar uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen at leaf level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:992-1002. [PMID: 25461099 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of leaf traits, rainwater chemistry, and pedospheric nitrogen (N) fertilisation on the aqueous uptake of inorganic N by physiologically active tree leaves. Leaves of juvenile silver birch and European beech trees, supplied with NH₄NO₃ to the soil at rates from 0 to 200 kg N ha(-1)y(-1), were individually exposed to 100 μl of artificial rainwater containing (15)NH₄(+) or (15)NO₃(-) at two concentration levels for one hour. In the next vegetative period, the experiment was repeated with NH₄(+) at the highest concentration only. The N form and the N concentration in the applied rainwater and, to a lesser extent, the pedospheric N treatment and the leaf traits affected the aqueous foliar N uptake. The foliar uptake of NH₄(+) by birch increased when leaves were more wettable. High leaf N concentration and leaf mass per area enhanced the foliar N uptake, and NO₃(-) uptake in particular, by birch. Variation in the foliar N uptake by the beech trees could not be explained by the leaf traits considered. In the first experiment, N fertilisation stimulated the foliar N uptake in both species, which was on average 1.42-1.78 times higher at the highest soil N dose than at the zero dose. However, data variability was high and the effect was not appreciable in the second experiment. Our data suggest that next to rainwater chemistry (N form and concentration) also forest N status could play a role in the partitioning of N entering the ecosystem through the soil and the canopy. Models of canopy uptake of aqueous N at the leaf level should take account of leaf traits such as wettability and N concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wuyts
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Research Group ENdEMIC, Dept. Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Forest & Nature Lab (ForNaLab), Dept. Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium.
| | - Sandy Adriaenssens
- Belgian Interregional Environment Agency (IRCEL-CELINE), Kunstlaan 10-11, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Staelens
- Flemish Environment Agency (VMM), Kronenburgstraat 45, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Tatiana Wuytack
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Research Group ENdEMIC, Dept. Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Shari Van Wittenberghe
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Research Group ENdEMIC, Dept. Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Dept. Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Research Group ENdEMIC, Dept. Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab (ForNaLab), Dept. Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode-Melle, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klisarić NB, Miljković D, Avramov S, Zivković U, Tarasjev A. Fluctuating asymmetry in Robinia pseudoacacia leaves--possible in situ biomarker? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12928-12940. [PMID: 24981034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) leaf traits as a measure of developmental instability in polluted and unpolluted habitats. We aimed to evaluate the potential of this method as a biomarker and its applicability on widely distributed species under in situ conditions. Leaf samples were taken from seven sites--three categorized as unpolluted (natural protected and rural) and four categorized as polluted covering the broad spectrum of intense pollution (industrial and traffic), from 1,489 individual trees in total. Results revealed significant differences in FA with expected higher values in polluted environments. Applicability of FA of R. pseudoaccacia leaf traits as a biomarker for testing potential pollution level, as well as the amount and distribution of sampling effort needed for its application, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Barišić Klisarić
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kardel F, Wuyts K, Khavaninzhadeh AR, Wuytack T, Babanezhad M, Samson R. Comparison of leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) with anatomical, morphological and physiological tree leaf characteristics for assessing urban habitat quality. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 183:96-103. [PMID: 23266296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) is known as a good proxy of atmospheric, traffic related particulate matter (PM) concentration. In this study, we compared leaf SIRM with Leaf area (LA), leaf dry weight (LDW), specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal density (SD), relative chlorophyll content (RCC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and PI) for three urban tree types in the city of Ghent, Belgium. A negative significant relationship of LA, LDW and Fv/Fm, and a positive significant relationship of SLA with leaf SIRM was observed. Among all considered parameters, leaf SIRM had the highest potential for discrimination between contrasting land use classes. It was concluded that urban habitat quality can be monitored with leaf SIRM, independent of the other above mentioned plant parameters. The anatomical, morphological and physiological tree leaf characteristics considered are not good indicators for atmospheric PM, but might be interesting bio-indicators of other air pollutants than PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kardel
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wuytack T, AbdElgawad H, Staelens J, Asard H, Boeckx P, Verheyen K, Samson R. The response of the foliar antioxidant system and stable isotopes (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) of white willow to low-level air pollution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 67:154-161. [PMID: 23562799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study we aimed to determine and elucidate the effect of ambient air pollution on the foliar antioxidant system and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of white willow (Salix alba L.). We grew white willow in uniform potting soil in the near vicinity of sixteen air quality monitoring stations in Belgium where nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter concentrations were continuously measured. The trees were exposed to ambient air during six months (April-September 2011), and, thereafter, the degree of lipid peroxidation and foliar content of antioxidant molecules (ascorbate, glutathione, polyphenols, flavonoids), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase) and foliar stable carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) isotopes were measured. We found that lipid peroxidation was caused by air pollution stress, arising from high ambient NO2 concentrations, as shown by an increased amount of malondialdehyde. The antioxidant system was activated by increasing the amount of polyphenols at monitoring stations with a high atmospheric NO2 and low O3 concentration, while no increase of key enzymes (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione) was observed. The δ(13)C also decreased with increasing NO2 concentrations and decreasing O3 concentrations, probably reflecting a decreased net photosynthesis and/or a concomitant decrease of (13)CO2 in the atmosphere. Shade also influenced foliar δ(13)C and the content of leaf ascorbate and glutathione.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Wuytack
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Staelens
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090 Gontrode, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Roeland Samson
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pavlík M, Pavlíková D, Zemanová V, Hnilička F, Urbanová V, Száková J. Trace elements present in airborne particulate matter--stressors of plant metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:101-107. [PMID: 22212345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes of amino acid concentrations (glutamic acid, glutamine, asparagine, aspartate, proline, tryptophan, alanine, glycine, valine and serine), gas-exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO(2) concentration) and nitrate levels in Lactuca serriola L. under airborne particulate matter (PM) contamination reported here reveal their role in plant chronic stress adaptation. Results of the pot experiment confirmed the toxic effect of trace elements present in PM for lettuce. PM applied to soil or on the lettuce leaves were associated with the strong inhibition of above-ground biomass and with the enhancement of plant trace element contents. The significant changes of amino acid levels and leaf gas-exchange parameters of the plants showed strong linear dependences on PM contamination (R(2)=0.60-0.99). PM application on leaves intensified toxic effect of trace elements (As, Pb, Cr and Cd) originating from PM by shading of the leaf surface. The plant accumulation of nitrate nitrogen after PM contamination confirmed to block nitrate assimilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Pavlík
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pavlíková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Zemanová
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Hnilička
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Urbanová
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Száková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|