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Liu Z, Chen B, Wang S, Xu X, Chen H, Liu X, He JS, Wang J, Wang J, Chen J, Wang X, Zheng C, Zhu K, Wang X. More enhanced non-growing season methane exchanges under warming on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170438. [PMID: 38286283 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Uncertainty in methane (CH4) exchanges across wetlands and grasslands in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is projected to increase due to continuous permafrost degradation and asymmetrical seasonal warming. Temperature plays a vital role in regulating CH4 exchange, yet the seasonal patterns of temperature dependencies for CH4 fluxes over the wetlands and grasslands on the QTP remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated a stronger warming response of CH4 exchanges during the non-growing season compared to the growing season on the QTP. Analyzing 9745 daily observations and employing four methods -regression fitting of temperature-CH4 flux, temperature dependence calculations, field-based and model-based control experiments-we found that warming intensified CH4 emissions in wetlands and uptakes in grasslands. Specifically, the average reaction intensity in the non-growing season surpasses that in the growing season by 1.89 and 4.80 times, respectively. This stronger warming response of CH4 exchanges during the non-growing season significantly increases the regional CH4 exchange on the QTP. Our research reveals that CH4 exchanges in the QTP have a higher warming sensitivity in non-growing seasons, which meanwhile are dominated by a larger warming rate than the annual average. The combined effects of these two factors will significantly alter the CH4 source/sink on the QTP. Neglecting these impacts would lead to inaccurate estimations of CH4 source/sink over the QTP under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements, Beijing, 100055, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements, Beijing, 100055, China.
| | - Shaoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China; Technology Innovation Center for Intelligent Monitoring and Spatial Regulation of Land Carbon Sequestrations, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan 430078, China.
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Zoige Peatland and Global Change Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Legesse TG, Dong G, Dong X, Qu L, Chen B, Daba NA, Sorecha EM, Zhu W, Lei T, Shao C. The extreme wet and large precipitation size increase carbon uptake in Eurasian meadow steppes: Evidence from natural and manipulated precipitation experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117029. [PMID: 37659645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of seasonal precipitation would profoundly affect the dynamics of carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the impacts of extreme precipitation and size events on ecosystem carbon cycle when compared to the effects of average precipitation amount. The study involved an analysis of carbon fluxes and water exchange using the eddy covariance and chamber based techniques during the growing seasons of 2015-2017 in Bayan, Mongolia and 2019-2021 in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, respectively. The components of carbon fluxes and water exchange at each site were normalized to evaluate of relative response among carbon fluxes and water exchange. The investigation delved into the relationship between carbon fluxes and extreme precipitation over five gradients (control, dry spring, dry summer, wet spring and wet summer) in Hulunbuir meadow steppe and distinct four precipitation sizes (0.1-2, 2-5, 5-10, and 10-25 mm d-1) in Bayan meadow steppe. The wet spring and summer showed the greatest ecosystem respiration (ER) relative response values, 76.2% and 73.5%, respectively, while the dry spring (-16.7%) and dry summer (14.2%) showed the lowest values. Gross primary production (GPP) relative response improved with wet precipitation gradients, and declined with dry precipitation gradients in Hulunbuir meadow steppe. The least value in net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) was found at 10-25 mm d-1 precipitation size in Bayan meadow steppe. Similarly, the ER and GPP increased with size of precipitation events. The structural equation models (SEM) satisfactorily fitted the data (χ2 = 43.03, d.f. = 11, p = 0.215), with interactive linkages among soil microclimate, water exchange and carbon fluxes components regulating NEE. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of extreme precipitation and event size in influencing ecosystem carbon exchange, which is decisive to further understand the carbon cycle in meadow steppes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gang Dong
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaobing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Luping Qu
- Forest Ecology Stable Isotope Center, Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baorui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nano Alemu Daba
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Eba Muluneh Sorecha
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tinajie Lei
- State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Changliang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Ingle R, Habib W, Connolly J, McCorry M, Barry S, Saunders M. Upscaling methane fluxes from peatlands across a drainage gradient in Ireland using PlanetScope imagery and machine learning tools. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11997. [PMID: 37491422 PMCID: PMC10368722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Wetlands are one of the major contributors of methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere and the intensity of emissions is driven by local environmental variables and spatial heterogeneity. Peatlands are a major wetland class and there are numerous studies that provide estimates of methane emissions at chamber or eddy covariance scales, but these are not often aggregated to the site/ecosystem scale. This study provides a robust approach to map dominant vegetation communities and to use these areas to upscale methane fluxes from chamber to site scale using a simple weighted-area approach. The proposed methodology was tested at three peatlands in Ireland over a duration of 2 years. The annual vegetation maps showed an accuracy ranging from 83 to 99% for near-natural to degraded sites respectively. The upscaled fluxes were highest (2.25 and 3.80 gC m-2 y-1) at the near-natural site and the rehabilitation (0.17 and 0.31 gC m-2 y-1), degraded (0.15 and 0.27 gC m-2 y-1) site emissions were close to net-zero throughout the study duration. Overall, the easy to implement methodology proposed in this study can be applied across various landuse types to assess the impact of peatland rehabilitation on methane emissions by mapping ecological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita Ingle
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany Discipline, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wahaj Habib
- School of Natural Sciences, Geography Discipline, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Connolly
- School of Natural Sciences, Geography Discipline, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Matthew Saunders
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany Discipline, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Antonijević D, Hoffmann M, Prochnow A, Krabbe K, Weituschat M, Couwenberg J, Ehlert S, Zak D, Augustin J. The unexpected long period of elevated CH 4 emissions from an inundated fen meadow ended only with the occurrence of cattail (Typha latifolia). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3678-3691. [PMID: 37029755 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drainage and agricultural use transform natural peatlands from a net carbon (C) sink to a net C source. Rewetting of peatlands, despite of high methane (CH4 ) emissions, holds the potential to mitigate climate change by greatly reducing CO2 emissions. However, the time span for this transition is unknown because most studies are limited to a few years. Especially, nonpermanent open water areas often created after rewetting, are highly productive. Here, we present 14 consecutive years of CH4 flux measurements following rewetting of a formerly long-term drained peatland in the Peene valley. Measurements were made at two rewetted sites (non-inundated vs. inundated) using manual chambers. During the study period, significant differences in measured CH4 emissions occurred. In general, these differences overlapped with stages of ecosystem transition from a cultivated grassland to a polytrophic lake dominated by emergent helophytes, but could also be additionally explained by other variables. This transition started with a rapid vegetation shift from dying cultivated grasses to open water floating and submerged hydrophytes and significantly increased CH4 emissions. Since 2008, helophytes have gradually spread from the shoreline into the open water area, especially in drier years. This process was periodically delayed by exceptional inundation and eventually resulted in the inundated site being covered by emergent helophytes. While the period between 2009 and 2015 showed exceptionally high CH4 emissions, these decreased significantly after cattail and other emergent helophytes became dominant at the inundated site. Therefore, CH4 emissions declined only after 10 years of transition following rewetting, potentially reaching a new steady state. Overall, this study highlights the importance of an integrative approach to understand the shallow lakes CH4 biogeochemistry, encompassing the entire area with its mosaic of different vegetation forms. This should be ideally done through a study design including proper measurement site allocation as well as long-term measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Antonijević
- Research Area 1: Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoffmann
- Research Area 1: Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Annette Prochnow
- Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Potsdam, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karoline Krabbe
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirjam Weituschat
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - John Couwenberg
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sigrid Ehlert
- Research Area 2: Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Zak
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Augustin
- Research Area 1: Landscape Functioning, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany
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Lv Z, Gu Y, Chen S, Chen J, Jia Y. Effects of autumn diurnal freeze–thaw cycles on soil bacteria and greenhouse gases in the permafrost regions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1056953. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1056953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of diurnal freeze–thaw cycles (DFTCs) on soil microorganisms and greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for assessing soil carbon and nitrogen cycles in the alpine ecosystems. However, relevant studies in the permafrost regions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) are still lacking. In this study, we used high-throughput pyrosequencing and static chamber-gas chromatogram to study the changes in topsoil bacteria and fluxes of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), during autumn DFTCs in the permafrost regions of the Shule River headwaters on the western part of Qilian Mountains, northeast margin of the QTP. The results showed that the bacterial communities contained a total of 35 phyla, 88 classes, 128 orders, 153 families, 176 genera, and 113 species. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes. Two DFTCs led to a trend of increasing bacterial diversity and significant changes in the relative abundance of 17 known bacteria at the family, genus, and species levels. These were predominantly influenced by soil temperature, water content, and salinity. In addition, CO2 flux significantly increased while CH4 flux distinctly decreased, and N2O flux tended to increase after two DFTCs, with soil bacteria being the primary affecting variable. This study can provide a scientific insight into the impact of climate change on biogeochemical cycles of the QTP.
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Yu Z, Staudhammer CL, Malone SL, Oberbauer SF, Zhao J, Cherry JA, Starr G. Biophysical Factors Influence Methane Fluxes in Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands Using Eddy Covariance Methods. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Jobin F, Paradis P, Aydin YO, Boilard T, Fortin V, Gauthier JC, Lemieux-Tanguay M, Magnan-Saucier S, Michaud LC, Mondor S, Pleau LP, Talbot L, Bernier M, Vallée R. Recent developments in lanthanide-doped mid-infrared fluoride fiber lasers [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:8615-8640. [PMID: 35299310 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared fiber sources, emitting between 2.5 µm and 5.0 µm, are interesting for their great potential in several application fields such as material processing, biomedicine, remote sensing and infrared countermeasures due to their high-power, their diffraction-limited beam quality as well as their robust monolithic architecture. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in continuous wave and pulsed mid-infrared fiber lasers and the components that bring these laser sources closer to a field deployment as well as in industrial systems. Accordingly, we will briefly illustrate the potential of such mid-infrared fiber lasers through a few selected applications.
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Abstract
Soil microorganisms are sensitive to temperature in cold ecosystems, but it remains unclear how microbial responses are modulated by other important climate drivers, such as precipitation changes. Here, we examine the effects of six in situ warming and/or precipitation treatments in alpine grasslands on microbial communities, plants, and soil carbon fluxes. These treatments differentially affected soil carbon fluxes, gross primary production, and microbial communities. Variations of soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes across all sites significantly (r > 0.70, P < 0.050) correlated with relevant microbial functional abundances but not bacterial or fungal abundances. Given tight linkages between microbial functional traits and ecosystem functionality, we conclude that future soil carbon fluxes in alpine grasslands can be predicted by microbial carbon-degrading capacities.
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Cardador MJ, Reyes-Palomo C, Díaz-Gaona C, Arce L, Rodríguez-Estévez V. Review of the Methodologies for Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Farming: Pig Farms as a Case of Study. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:1029-1047. [PMID: 33369510 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1855410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The global emission and accumulation of gases due to livestock farming is estimated to contribute to about 14.5% of the global warming effect due to greenhouse gases (GHG). Pig farming represents 9% of global livestock GHG emissions, without considering other activities of pork production process, such as feed production. Most of information about pig farms GHG emissions is based on theoretical calculations with not too much accuracy. Hence, there is a critical need to study the best sampling and analytical techniques (portable or not) that can be used to map their contribution to GHG emissions. The selection of the best analytical detection method becomes important for public policies on climate change, and in order to evaluate animal and manure handling practices to reduce GHG and to combat global warming. In this article, different techniques, which could be used to measure the emissions of GHG from livestock, are reviewed, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, with special emphasis on those already used in studies about GHG from pig farms and those that allow the simultaneous determination of several species of gases. Open chambers equipped with photoacoustic multi-gas monitor have been the techniques most employed in intensive pig farms studies. Gas Chromatography coupled to different detectors has been only widely used in pig farms to monitor simultaneously several GHG species using previous sampling devices. However, there are no studies in the literature based on extensive pig farms. In these systems, micrometeorological techniques could be a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cardador
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Lourdes Arce
- Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Marie Curie Annex Building, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Dai S, Ju W, Zhang Y, He Q, Song L, Li J. Variations and drivers of methane fluxes from a rice-wheat rotation agroecosystem in eastern China at seasonal and diurnal scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:973-990. [PMID: 31302561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The paddy rice fields act as an important anthropogenic source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. The study of pattern, magnitude, and environmental controls of CH4 emissions are still insufficient due to limited measurements and understand of underlying drivers for variations of CH4 fluxes at different temporal scales. In this study, CH4 fluxes from a rice-wheat rotation agroecosystem in eastern China were continuously measured using the eddy covariance technique. The diurnal and seasonal variations of CH4 flux and potential controlling factors in 2016 were analyzed using wavelet coherence, conditional Granger causality, correlation analysis and path analysis methods. CH4 fluxes showed distinguishable diurnal variations with single peaks during 13: 00-16: 00 local time. At the diurnal timescale, gross primary productivity (GPP) regulates CH4 fluxes after accounting for the effects of latent heat flux (LE), air temperature (TA), and soil temperature (TS) on CH4 fluxes. LE mirrored the diurnal pattern of CH4 fluxes when the effects of TA and TS on CH4 fluxes were considered. Daily CH4 fluxes exhibited large seasonal variations, with the largest daily CH4 flux of 1191.78 mg C-CH4 m-2 d-1 on 29 July 2016. The daily CH4 fluxes were continuously low in the growing season of wheat, and sharply increased from very low values in late June to peaks in late July and early August, and then gradually decreased to low values at the end of the rice growing season in late November and early December. Correlation analysis and path analysis showed that seasonal variations of soil temperature, air temperature, and GPP had strong effects on daily CH4 fluxes during pre-panicle initiation of the rice growing season, while soil temperature and leaf area index (LAI) had very strong effects on daily CH4 fluxes during the post-panicle initiation stage. The total of CH4 fluxes from the rice-wheat rotation agroecosystem into the atmosphere amounted to 58.08 ± 9.87 g C m-2 in 2016, and the annual net carbon (C) budget and greenhouse gas (GHG) budget were 163.50 ± 9.87 g C m-2 and 2322.53 ± 329.00 g CO2eq m-2, respectively. This study represents a comprehensive assessment of fluxes and drivers of CH4 from a rice-wheat rotation agroecosystem at different timescales. Additionally, the consecutive data of CH4 emission in this region will also useful for model calibration and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpei Dai
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Weimin Ju
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiaoning He
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Lian Song
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ji Li
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Burba G, Anderson T, Komissarov A. Accounting for spectroscopic effects in laser-based open-path eddy covariance flux measurements. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2189-2202. [PMID: 30849208 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of the production and consumption of trace gases (e.g. CO2 , CH4 , N2 O, NH3 , etc.) by world ecosystems occurs in areas without sufficient infrastructure or easily available grid power to run traditional closed-path flux stations. Open-path analyzer design allows such measurements with power consumption 10-150 times below present closed-path technologies, helping to considerably expand the global coverage and improve the estimates of gas emissions and budgets, informing the remote sensing and modeling communities and policy decisions, all the way to IPCC reports. Broad-band nondispersive infrared devices have been used for open-path CO2 and H2 O measurements since the late 1970s, but since recently, a growing number of new narrow-band laser-based instruments are being rapidly developed. The new design comes with its own challenges, specifically: (a) mirror contamination, and (b) uncontrolled air temperature, pressure and humidity, affecting both the gas density and the laser spectroscopy of the measurements. While the contamination can be addressed via automated cleaning, and density effects can be addressed via the Webb-Pearman-Leuning approach, the spectroscopic effects of the in situ temperature, pressure and humidity fluctuations on laser-measured densities remain a standing methodological question. Here we propose a concept accounting for such effects in the same manner as Webb et al. proposed to account for respective density effects. Derivations are provided for a general case of flux of any gas, examined using a specific example of CH4 fluxes from a commercially available analyzer, and then tested using "zero-flux" experiment. The proposed approach helps reduce errors in open-path, enclosed, and temperature- or pressure-uncontrolled closed-path laser-based flux measurements due to the spectroscopic effects from few percents to multiple folds, leading to methodological advancement and geographical expansion of the use of such systems providing reliable and consistent results for process-level studies, remote sensing and Earth modeling applications, and GHG policy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Burba
- R&D, LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska
- R.B. Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute & School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
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12
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Ngwabie NM, Wirlen YL, Yinda GS, VanderZaag AC. Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste dumpsites in Cameroon. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:947-953. [PMID: 29501449 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Open dumpsites that receive municipal solid waste are potentially significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. There is little data available on emissions from these sources, especially in the unique climate and management of central Africa. This research aimed at quantifying CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from two open dumpsites in Cameroon, located in Mussaka-Buea, regional headquarters of the South West Region and in Mbellewa-Bamenda, regional headquarters of the North West Region. Emissions were measured during the wet season (May 2015 and August 2016) at the Mussaka and Mbellewa dumpsites respectively. Dumpsite surfaces were partitioned into several zones for emission measurements, based on the current activity and the age of the waste. Static flux chambers were used to quantify gas emission rates thrice a day (mornings, afternoons and evenings). Average emissions were 96.80 ± 144 mg CH4 m-2 min-1, 0.20 ± 0.43 mg N2O m-2 min-1 and 224.78 ± 312 mg CO2 m-2 min-1 in the Mussaka dumpsite, and 213.44 ± 419 mg CH4 m-2 min-1, 0.15 ± 0.15 mg N2O m-2 min-1 and 1103.82 ± 1194 mg CO2 m-2 min-1 at the Mbellewa dumpsite. Emissions as high as 1784 mg CH4 m-2 min-1, 2.3 mg N2O m-2 min-1 and 5448 mg CO2 m-2 min-1 were measured from both dumpsites. Huge variations observed in emissions between the different zones on the waste surface were likely a result of the heterogeneous nature of the waste, different stages in waste decomposition and different environmental conditions within the waste. Management activities that disturb waste, such as spreading and compressing potentially increase gas emissions, while covering waste with a layer of soil potentially mitigate gas emissions. Recommendations were for dumpsites to be upgraded to sanitary landfills, and biogas production from such landfills should be exploited to reduce CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martin Ngwabie
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, College of Technology, The University of Bamenda, Box 39, Bambili, N.W. Region, Cameroon.
| | - Yvette L Wirlen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Godwin S Yinda
- Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Andrew C VanderZaag
- Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Comparison of Closed Chamber and Eddy Covariance Methods to Improve the Understanding of Methane Fluxes from Rice Paddy Fields in Japan. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9090356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas flux monitoring in ecosystems is mostly conducted by closed chamber and eddy covariance techniques. To determine the relevance of the two methods in rice paddy fields at different growing stages, closed chamber (CC) and eddy covariance (EC) methods were used to measure the methane (CH4) fluxes in a flooded rice paddy field. Intensive monitoring using the CC method was conducted at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT) and after harvest (AHV). An EC tower was installed at the centre of the experimental site to provide continuous measurements during the rice cropping season. The CC method resulted in CH4 flux averages that were 58%, 81%, 94% and 57% higher than those measured by the EC method at 30, 60 and 90 DAT and after harvest (AHV), respectively. A footprint analysis showed that the area covered by the EC method in this study included non-homogeneous land use types. The different strengths and weaknesses of the CC and EC methods can complement each other, and the use of both methods together leads to a better understanding of CH4 emissions from paddy fields.
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Wassmann R, Alberto MC, Tirol-Padre A, Hoang NT, Romasanta R, Centeno CA, Sander BO. Increasing sensitivity of methane emission measurements in rice through deployment of 'closed chambers' at nighttime. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191352. [PMID: 29390000 PMCID: PMC5794089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study comprises field experiments on methane emissions from rice fields conducted with an Eddy-Covariance (EC) system as well as test runs for a modified closed chamber approach based on measurements at nighttime. The EC data set covers 4 cropping seasons with highly resolved emission rates (raw data in 10 Hz frequency have been aggregated to 30-min records). The diel patterns were very pronounced in the two dry seasons with peak emissions at early afternoon and low emissions at nighttime. These diel patterns were observed at all growing stages of the dry seasons. In the two wet seasons, the diel patterns were only visible during the vegetative stages while emission rates during reproductive and ripening stages remained within a fairly steady range and did not show any diel patterns. In totality, however, the data set revealed a very strong linear relationship between nocturnal emissions (12-h periods) and the full 24-h periods resulting in an R2-value of 0.8419 for all data points. In the second experiment, we conducted test runs for chamber measurements at nighttime with much longer deployment times (6 h) as compared to measurements at daylight (typically for 30 min). Conducting chamber measurements at nighttime excluded drastic changes of temperatures and CO2 concentrations. The data also shows that increases in CH4 concentrations remained on linear trajectory over a 6h period at night. While end CH4 concentrations were consistently >3.5 ppm, this long-term enclosure represents a very robust approach to quantify emissions as compared to assessing short-term concentration increases over time near the analytical detection limit. Finally, we have discussed the potential applications of this new approach that would allow emission measurements even when conventional (daytime) measurements will not be suitable. Nighttime chamber measurements offer an alternative to conventional (daytime) measurements if either (i) baseline emissions are at a very low level, (ii) differences of tested crop treatments or varieties are very small or (iii) the objective is to screen a large number of rice varieties for taking advantage of progress in genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Wassmann
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Agnes Tirol-Padre
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Ryan Romasanta
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Bjoern Ole Sander
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
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Wang H, Yu L, Zhang Z, Liu W, Chen L, Cao G, Yue H, Zhou J, Yang Y, Tang Y, He JS. Molecular mechanisms of water table lowering and nitrogen deposition in affecting greenhouse gas emissions from a Tibetan alpine wetland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:815-829. [PMID: 27536811 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid climate change and intensified human activities have resulted in water table lowering (WTL) and enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition in Tibetan alpine wetlands. These changes may alter the magnitude and direction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, affecting the climate impact of these fragile ecosystems. We conducted a mesocosm experiment combined with a metagenomics approach (GeoChip 5.0) to elucidate the effects of WTL (-20 cm relative to control) and N deposition (30 kg N ha-1 yr-1 ) on carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) fluxes as well as the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that WTL reduced CH4 emissions by 57.4% averaged over three growing seasons compared with no-WTL plots, but had no significant effect on net CO2 uptake or N2 O flux. N deposition increased net CO2 uptake by 25.2% in comparison with no-N deposition plots and turned the mesocosms from N2 O sinks to N2 O sources, but had little influence on CH4 emissions. The interactions between WTL and N deposition were not detected in all GHG emissions. As a result, WTL and N deposition both reduced the global warming potential (GWP) of growing season GHG budgets on a 100-year time horizon, but via different mechanisms. WTL reduced GWP from 337.3 to -480.1 g CO2 -eq m-2 mostly because of decreased CH4 emissions, while N deposition reduced GWP from 21.0 to -163.8 g CO2 -eq m-2 , mainly owing to increased net CO2 uptake. GeoChip analysis revealed that decreased CH4 production potential, rather than increased CH4 oxidation potential, may lead to the reduction in net CH4 emissions, and decreased nitrification potential and increased denitrification potential affected N2 O fluxes under WTL conditions. Our study highlights the importance of microbial mechanisms in regulating ecosystem-scale GHG responses to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23 Xining Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23 Xining Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23 Xining Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Litong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23 Xining Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Guangmin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23 Xining Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Haowei Yue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 1 Tsinghua Garden Road, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 1 Tsinghua Garden Road, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 1 Tsinghua Garden Road, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 23 Xining Road, Xining, 810008, China
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Peng H, Hong B, Hong Y, Zhu Y, Cai C, Yuan L, Wang Y. Annual ecosystem respiration variability of alpine peatland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its controlling factors. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:550. [PMID: 26239569 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are widely developed in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but little is known about carbon budgets for these alpine peatland ecosystems. In this study, we used an automatic chamber system to measure ecosystem respiration in the Hongyuan peatland, which is located in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Annual ecosystem respiration measurements showed a typical seasonal pattern, with the peak appearing in June. The highest respiration was 10.43 μmol CO2/m(2)/s, and the lowest was 0.20 μmol CO2/m(2)/s. The annual average ecosystem respiration was 2.06 μmol CO2/m(2)/s. The total annual respiration was 599.98 g C/m(2), and respiration during the growing season (from May to September) accounted for 78 % of the annual sum. Nonlinear regression revealed that ecosystem respiration has a significant exponential correlation with soil temperature at 10-cm depth (R (2) = 0.98). The Q 10 value was 3.90, which is far higher than the average Q 10 value of terrestrial ecosystems. Ecosystem respiration had an apparent diurnal variation pattern in growing season, with peaks and valleys appearing at approximately 14:00 and 10:00, respectively, which could be explained by soil temperature and soil water content variation at 10-cm depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China,
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