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Stalwick JA, Somers G, Eccles KM, Thomas PJ, Cunada C, Gurney KEB. Polycyclic aromatic compounds in a northern freshwater ecosystem: Patterns, sources, and the influences of environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:123962. [PMID: 38614424 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) - a large group of organic chemicals naturally present in petroleum deposits (i.e., petrogenic) or released into the environment by incomplete combustion of organic materials (i.e., pyrogenic) - represent a potential risk to the health of aquatic ecosystems. In high latitude freshwater ecosystems, concentrations of PACs may be increasing, yet there are limited studies in such systems to assess change and to understand threats. Using 10 years of contemporary data from passive samplers deployed across five regions (n = 43 sites) in the Mackenzie River Basin, we (i) describe baseline levels of PACs, (ii) assess spatiotemporal patterns, and (iii) evaluate the extent to which environmental factors (fire, snowmelt, and proximity to oil infrastructure) influence concentrations in this system. Measured concentrations were low, relative to those in more southern systems, with mixtures primarily being dominated by non-alkylated, low molecular weight compounds. Concentrations were spatially consistent, except for two sites near Norman Wells (an area of active oil extraction) with increased levels. Similarly, observed annual variation was minimal, with 2014 having generally higher levels of PACs. We did not detect effects of fire, snowmelt, or oil infrastructure on concentrations. Taken together, our findings suggest that PACs in the Mackenzie River are currently at low levels and are primarily petrogenic in origin. They further indicate that ongoing monitoring and testing of environmental drivers (especially at finer spatial scales) are needed to better predict how ecosystem change will influence PAC levels in the basin and in other northern systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn A Stalwick
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Prairie Northern Wildlife Research Centre, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X4.
| | - Gila Somers
- Department of Environment and Climate Change, Government of the Northwest Territories, 600 5102 50th Ave, Yellowknife, NT, Canada, X1A 2L9
| | - Kristin M Eccles
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0H3
| | - Christopher Cunada
- Department of Environment and Climate Change, Government of the Northwest Territories, Highway 5, X0E 0P0, Fort Smith, NT, Canada
| | - Kirsty E B Gurney
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Prairie Northern Wildlife Research Centre, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X4
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Frapiccini E, De Marco R, Grilli F, Marini M, Annibaldi A, Prezioso E, Tramontana M, Spagnoli F. Anthropogenic contribution, transport, and accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in sediments of the continental shelf and slope in the Mediterranean Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141285. [PMID: 38286310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach, involving geochemical, sedimentological and oceanographic analyses, was employed to examine the distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a strongly anthropized area of the marginal Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean basin). The investigation into PAH distribution considered the grain size and biogeochemical properties of the sediments, as well as in relation to the main oceanographic processes and river inputs. Both biogeochemical and hydrographical inputs regulated the sedimentation of organic particles, influencing the distribution of PAHs. The results indicated PAH levels in 116 marine surface sediments ranging from 4 to 235 ng g-1 (average 55 ng g-1). The distribution of PAHs in Adriatic Sea surface sediments aligned with a higher clayey sedimentation in the deeper basin areas of the Middle Adriatic Depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Frapiccini
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Rocco De Marco
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Grilli
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies (FMC), 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies (FMC), 61032, Fano, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Prezioso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Tramontana
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Campus Scientifico E. Mattei, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Federico Spagnoli
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy; University of Camerino, School of Science and Technology, Geology Division, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
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El-Maradny A, Orif M, AlKobati A, Ghandourah M, Al-Farawati R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of highly polluted coastal area in the Red Sea: levels, spatial distribution, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1547. [PMID: 38017316 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The southern part of the Jeddah coast faces a range of pollution challenges that can impact the water quality and ecosystem in the area. Pollution sources are represented mainly by treated wastewater (TWW), harbor activities, and atmospheric deposition from vehicle exhaust emissions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the persistent organic pollutants that interfere with all environmental matrices and could cause humane mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. In the present study, 16 priority parent and 21 methylated PAHs (∑37PAHs) were assessed in the sediments of three hot spot coastal sites (Islamic Jeddah port, Al-Arbaeen, and Al-Shabab lagoons) to evaluate the factors affecting their spatial distribution, examine their probable sources and potential adverse effects. The total detected concentrations of ∑37PAHs ranged from 785.9 to 8359.8 ng/g dw (average: 2296.3 ± 2017.3 ng/g dw). The highest levels of ∑37PAHs were detected near TWW stations. The highest individual PAH congeners observed were phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene. PAH molecular diagnostic ratios pointed out different pyrogenic sources. In some specific stations, there was an overlap of petrogenic origin. The sediment samples contained high concentrations of methylated PAHs, with concentrations ranging from 558.42 to 6321.21 ng/g dw and an average concentration of 1679.1 ± 1430.7 ng/g dw. The sediment quality guidelines indicated that adverse biological effects are likely to occur at least at the two TWW disposal stations and the sediments in these stations are at risk. The values of the mutagenic equivalence quotient (MEQ) and toxic equivalence quotient (TEQ) of carcinogenic PAHs were recorded at 39.88 and 33.17 ng/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Maradny
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Orif
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir AlKobati
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Hodiedah University, Hodiedah, Yemen
| | - Mohammed Ghandourah
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwan Al-Farawati
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lin K, Wang R, Tan L, Jiang S, Xu H, Cao Y, Wang J. Assessing the potential risks, sources and the relationship between the dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the typical semi-enclosed bay, Bohai Bay of China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106192. [PMID: 37783158 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution as well as the partitioning behavior of dissolved and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the summer and autumn seasons of 2020. It was found that the average concentration of PAHs in surface seawater was significantly higher in autumn (58.16 ng L-1) than in summer (40.47 ng L-1) due to a large amount of input in autumn and more photodegradation and biodegradation affected by higher temperatures in summer. The spatial distribution indicated that the river had a significant dilution effect on PAHs in summer and became a significant input source in autumn. In addition, a large number of oil and gas development platforms were distributed throughout the Bohai Bay, and the discharge of production and domestic sewage contributed to the PAHs pollution level. As a semi-enclosed bay, the water exchange capacity of Bohai Bay was poor, leading to a greater accumulation of PAHs in the marine environment. The diagnostic ratios and PCA-MLR indicated that petroleum was the most important source of PAHs with a contribution of 45%, followed by fuel combustion (39%) such as coal and oil. Photooxidation in seawater resulted in a reduction of BaP/BeP, indicating that seasonal variations in photooxidation had a significant impact on the composition of PAHs (summer: 1.49, autumn: 2.96). The concentration of particulate PAHs was correlated with the concentration of dissolved PAHs and SPM, and the proportion of 3-rings (43.8%) and 4-rings (49.8%) PAHs was significantly higher on SPM. The distribution coefficients Log Kd and φspm-water showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing as the number of rings increased, with the 4-rings Pyr exhibiting the highest value. According to the ecological risk assessment, the ecological risk of total PAHs was low (RQNCs < 800, RQMECs < 1), but the ecological risk of individual PAHs and the carcinogenicity of high-ring PAHs could not be ignored (>96.5%). This study is significant for investigating the "sources and sinks" of PAHs in the complex marine environment by analyzing the partitioning behavior of PAHs in different phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Donets MM, Tsygankov VY. Organochlorine Compounds in the Amur (Heilong) River Basin (2000-2020): A Review. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:439-462. [PMID: 37606425 PMCID: PMC10443256 DOI: 10.3390/jox13030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are well-known contaminants that raise serious concerns, even more than 20 years after they were banned. Their worldwide distribution and persistence necessitate continuous monitoring in all components of the environment. The most challenging issues of POP regulation are associated with international water resources because their solutions require international cooperation in environment protection. This review provides data on various POPs (DDT, HCH, endrin, dieldrin, and PCBs) and their concentrations in aquatic organisms inhabiting the Amur River basin, one of the most poorly explored regions of Northeast Asia. Most studies have been conducted in the Songhua River (China), a tributary of the Amur River, which indicates that large inland bodies of water, especially those of international importance, require more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim M. Donets
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia;
- Institute of the World Ocean (School), Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Yu. Tsygankov
- School of Advanced Engineering Studies, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia;
- Institute of the World Ocean (School), Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax 10, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
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Borgulat J, Borgulat A. Biomonitoring of atmospheric PAHs using fir and spruce needles in forests in the vicinity of mountain villages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121814. [PMID: 37201572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use chemical analyses of spruce and fir needles to determine environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in forests surrounding small mountain towns, including popular tourist destinations. The Beskid Mountains in Poland were chosen as the study area because they are very popular with tourists. The 6- and 12 month old needles were collected in two consecutive years from permanent study plots. Two vintages of needles were used to determine the differences between seasons in the profile of deposited pollutants. Some of plots were located away from roads and buildings, while others were located near tourist destinations. The comparison plots were located in the centre of a tourist resort, near a highway, and in a forest localised in the industrial city characterised by a high degree of urbanization. The analyses of 15 PAHs content showed that the amount and type of compounds retained by the needles were influenced not only by the proximity and amount of the surface emitters, but also by the location of the research sites above sea level. The results obtained can be explained, among other things, by the phenomenon of smog, which is not uncommon in the study region in autumn and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Borgulat
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Borgulat
- Central Mining Institute, Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland
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El-Maradny A, Ibrahim MIA, Radwan IM, Fahmy MA, Emara HI, Mohamed LA. Horizontal and vertical segregation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:86707-86721. [PMID: 35799005 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Egyptian Mediterranean coast receives significant amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from industrial exhausts, riverine inputs, maritime shipping and fishers, and oil and natural gas production and exploration. The present study considers the first exhaustive assessment for the dissolved PAHs along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast (Alexandria to Manzallah) to monitor their spatial distribution and investigate the effect of the marine currents and the role of microorganisms in their distribution. Surface water levels ranged between 124.97 and 301.02 ng L-1 with an average 223.68 ± 41.11 ng L-1. The distribution increases from west to east based on the water circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. The levels in near shore stations were lower than those of middle and onshore stations. The intensive existence of micro-organisms near shore stations consumes great part of PAHs, while this bio-remediation process decreases gradually away from the shoreline leaving relative high concentrations of dissolved PAHs in the middle and onshore stations. Middle and deep-water levels ranged between 312.75 and 1042.95 ng L-1 with an average 633.47 ± 225.53 ng L-1. Deeper waters showed higher PAHs concentrations where the average concentrations of 50 m stations (868.12 ± 138.35 ng L-1) ˃ 30 m stations (629.49 ± 143.85 ng L-1) ˃ 10 m stations (402.79 ± 59.46 ng L-1). The wind-induced waves re-suspend rich PAHs sediment particles to increase its concentration in the water column. Carcinogenic toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ) for total detected PAHs in the middle and deep water represented more than double (75.46 ng TEQ L-1) the value in the surface water (34.76 ng TEQ L-1). The diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis indicated mainly pyrogenic origin in surface, middle, and deep waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Maradny
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed I A Ibrahim
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Islam M Radwan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh A Fahmy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Hosny I Emara
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Laila A Mohamed
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
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Séguin JY, Mason J, Hanson ML, Hollebone BP, Orihel DM, Palace VP, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Blais JM. Bioaccumulation and toxicokinetics of polycyclic aromatic compounds and metals in giant floater mussels (Pyganodon grandis) exposed to a simulated diluted bitumen spill. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106316. [PMID: 36206703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills constitute a major risk to the environment and the bioaccumulation potential of the derived oil constituents will influence their impact on aquatic biota. Here we determined the bioaccumulation potential and toxicokinetic parameters of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and various selected metals in the giant floater mussels (Pyganodon grandis) following experimental oil spills in a freshwater lake. Specifically, these mussels were exposed ex situ for 25 days to water contaminated with naturally weathered diluted bitumen (dilbit), a form of oil commonly transported through pipelines. We detected greater concentrations of total PAC in mussels (∑PAC44) exposed to dilbit-contaminated water (25.92-27.79 μg g-1 lipid, n = 9, at day 25 of the uptake phase) compared to mussels from a control with no exposure to dilbit (average of 2.62 ± 1.95 μg g-1 lipid; ±SD, n = 17). This study demonstrates the importance of including alkylated PACs when assessing the impacts of an oil spill as the concentration of alkylated PACs in mussel tissue were an order of magnitude higher than their parent counterparts. However, metal accumulation in dilbit-exposed mussels did not exceed the unexposed controls, suggesting no excess metal accumulation by mussels from a 25-day dilbit exposure. From first-order one-compartment models, mean uptake rate constants (0.78-18.11 L g-1 day-1, n = 29) and bioconcentration factors (log values from 4.02 to 5.92 L kg-1, n = 87) for the 29 individual PACs that accumulated in mussels demonstrated that some alkylated PACs had greater bioaccumulation potential compared to their parent PAC counterpart but for the most part, alkylated and parent PACs had comparable BCF values. Results from this study also demonstrated that giant floater mussels could be used to biomonitor PAC contamination following oil spills as PACs accumulated in mussel tissue and some were still detectable following the 16-day depuration phase. This study provides the largest, most comprehensive set of toxicokinetic and bioaccumulation parameters for PACs and their alkylated counterparts (44 analytes) in freshwater mussels obtained to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Mason
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | | | - Diane M Orihel
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vince P Palace
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, Canada; IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Jules M Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada.
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The Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with HPLC-DAD-FLD and GC-MS Techniques in the Dissolved and Particulate Phase of Road-Tunnel Wash Water: A Case Study for Cross-Array Comparisons and Applications. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070399. [PMID: 35878304 PMCID: PMC9321833 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) protocols tailored to either gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array and fluorescence detection (HPLC-DAD-FLD) were developed for the determination of EPA 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the particulate and dissolved phase of road-tunnel wash water. An analytical approach was developed, assessed, and applied on environmental samples collected from five road tunnels in Norway. The absolute recoveries ranged from 57 to 104% for the particulates, and from 42 to 79% for the dissolved water phase. The target PAH compounds were separated in 34.75 min using the GC method and in 22.50 min by HPLC. In the particulate phases, higher molecular weight PAHs were detected in the range of 0.043 to 0.93 µg/g, and lower molecular weight PAHs were detected in the range of 0.020 to 1.0 µg/g, while the intermediate ones were present in the range of 0.075 to 2.0 µg/g. In contrast to the particulates, the dissolved phase mainly contained lower molecular weight PAHs in the range of 0.0098 to 0.50 µg/L. GC-MS demonstrated lower detection limits (LODs) than HPLC-DAD-FLD for 13 out of the 16 PAHs. A cross-array comparison of the two analytical techniques indicated that some target PAHs were detected solely or in higher concentrations with HPLC-DAD-FLD, indicating the occurrence of false positive peaks or/and co-eluting components. The resulting concentrations in the road tunnel wash water samples were used to calculate specific PAH forensic ratios to pinpoint the potential sources of PAH pollution. These ratios revealed that there are several potential sources for the origin of PAHs in tunnel wash water.
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Zaghden H, Barhoumi B, Jlaiel L, Guigue C, Chouba L, Touil S, Sayadi S, Tedetti M. Occurrence, origin and potential ecological risk of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorines in surface waters of the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113737. [PMID: 35597001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence, origin, and potential ecological risk of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 27 surface water samples collected from a highly anthropized and industrialized area in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea) in October-November 2017. The results demonstrated a wide range of concentrations (ng L-1) with the following decreasing order: Ʃ16 PAHs (17.6-71.2) > Ʃ20 PCBs (2.9-33.7) > Ʃ6 DDTs (1.1-12.1) > Ʃ4 HCHs (1.1-14.8). Selected diagnostic ratios indicated a mixture of both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources of PAHs, with a predominance of petrogenic sources. PCB compositions showed distinct contamination signatures for tetra- to hepta-chlorinated PCBs, characteristic of contamination by commercial (Aroclor) PCB mixtures. The dominant OCP congeners were γ-HCH, 2,4'-DDD and 2,4'-DDE, reflecting past use of Lindane and DDTs in the study area. Agricultural, industrial and domestic activities, as well as atmospheric transport are identified as potential sources of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs in surface waters of the Gulf of Gabès. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) suggested a low carcinogenic potential for PAHs in seawater samples (mean of 0.14 ng TEQ L-1). Evaluation of risk coefficients revealed low risk for PAHs and PCBs, and moderate to severe risk for OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Zaghden
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Lobna Jlaiel
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Lassaad Chouba
- Laboratory of Marine Environment, National Institute of Marine Science and Technology (INSTM), Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Soufiane Touil
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France.
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Güzel B, Canlı O, Aslan E. Spatial distribution, source identification and ecological risk assessment of POPs and heavy metals in lake sediments of Istanbul, Turkey. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113172. [PMID: 34844748 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Istanbul needs to be protected and constantly monitored water resources due to its increasing population and the decrease in precipitation. This study aims to comprehensively reveal surface sediments collected from reservoirs that supply water to Istanbul concerning POPs (PAHs, PCBs, and OCPs) and heavy metals; to identify possible sources of PAHs, and conduct their ecological risk assessment. Pollution indices in this study were used as contamination degree (CD) contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI) and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). Total PAH concentrations of surface sediments at the sampling points ranged from 46.29 ng/g (A7) to 403.9 ng/g (A15). Benzo(b)fluoranthene (5.647-59.42 ng/g), Pyrene (3.625-83.10 ng/g), Fluoranthene (3.363-66.48 ng/g), Phenanthrene (3.115-52.48 ng/g), Chrysene (3.532-43.98 ng/g), Naphthalene (6.606-36.20 ng/g), Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (3.316-41.73 ng/g) and Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (3.453-38.84 ng/g) are the dominant PAH compounds. PAH pollution may be caused by the village-town settlements near the dam and the O7-D020 highway. Total OCP concentration ranged from 2.233 ng/g (A12) to 7.337 ng/g (A1), while total PCB concentration ranged from 0.246 ng/g (A13) to 3.708 ng/g (A1). The lowest total OCP and PCB concentrations were found in surface sediments taken from Kazandere, Papuçdere and Alibey Dam lakes. DDT p,p (0.072-5.177 ng/g) has the highest concentration among all sediment samples. While the most dominant OCP compounds in the samples were DDT p,p, DDE p,p and DDD p,p, HCH alpha, HCH beta, respectively, PCB 153, 138 and 180 were the highest detected PCB congeners in the same samples. Total heavy metal concentration varied from 77,812 mg/kg to 267,072 mg/kg. According to PAH diagnostic analysis, the surface sediments of Terkos, Büyükçekmece, Elmalı, Darlık, Sazlıdere, Alibey and Ömerli Dams were polluted by petrogenic sources, while the surface sediments of Kazandere and Papuçdere Dams were affected by pyrogenic sources. None of the levels of POPs in the samples exceeded the ERM values. Slight and moderate contamination of heavy metals, such as Pb and Zn, were present in most of the sampling points according to CD, CF, PLI and Igeo values. The quality criteria of heavy metals showed that almost all of the sampling points had Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations below the ERL values. The Ni concentrations at most of the sampling points significantly exceeded the ERM values. The concentrations of As, Cr, Cu and especially Ni and Zn exhibit a significant toxic risk to aquatic organisms to sediment quality criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Güzel
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Oltan Canlı
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ertuğrul Aslan
- Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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12
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Fate and Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives in Water and Sediment from Songhua River, Northeast China. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Songhua River is one of the most populated and oldest industrial areas in Northeast China. To understand the sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, such as 16 priority (PAHs), 33 methylated (Me-PAHs), and 12 nitrated (NPAHs) in river water and sediment, were noticed. The concentrations of ∑PAHs, ∑Me-PAHs, and ∑NPAHs in river water scaled from 135 to 563, 9.36 to 711, and 1.26 to 64.7 ng L−1, with mean values of 286, 310, and 17.9 ng L−1, and those in sediments were from 35.8 to 2000 ng g−1, 0.62 to 394 ng g−1, and 0.28 to 176 ng g−1 (dry weight) with mean values of 283, 103, and 21.7 ng g−1. The compositions proved that two-ring and three-ring compounds of PAHs, NPAHs, and four-ring, six-ring of Me-PAHs were prevalent in water samples; in contrast, four-ring dominated in sediments. Principal components analysis (PCA) and diagnostic ratios confirmed that pollutant source was mixed petrogenic and pyrogenic origin. The fugacity fraction (ƒƒ) was also calculated to explain the trend of sediment–water exchange, high ƒƒ values found in summer, for most HMW PAHs and Me-PAHs that these substances acted as a secondary source of emissions from sediment to water. The risk assessment for water was categorized as high.
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13
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Camargo K, Sericano JL, Bhandari S, Hoelscher C, McDonald TJ, Chiu WA, Wade TL, Dellapenna TM, Liu Y, Knap AH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon status in post-hurricane Harvey sediments: Considerations for environmental sampling in the Galveston Bay/Houston Ship Channel region. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111872. [PMID: 33256967 PMCID: PMC7867649 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hurricane Harvey led to a broad redistribution of sediment throughout Galveston Bay and the Houston Ship Channel (GB/HSC), but the resulting changes in chemical contaminant distributions have yet to be characterized. To address this question, we collected and analyzed post-Harvey sediment for concentrations of the EPA 16 Priority Pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), determining the extent to which the spatial distribution and sourcing of contaminants may have changed in contrast to historical surface sediment data (<5 cm) from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) available for the years 1996-2011. We found a small, but detectable increase from pre- to post-Harvey in PAH concentrations, with PAH diagnostic sourcing indicating combustion origins. Of the detected PAHs, none exceeded Sediment Quality Guideline values. Overall, we have added to the understanding of PAH spatial trends within the GB/HSC region, and developed a reference PAH baseline to inform future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisa Camargo
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine Interdisciplinary, Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America; Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Jose L Sericano
- Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Sharmilla Bhandari
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine Interdisciplinary, Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Christena Hoelscher
- Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States of America; Texas A&M University, Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Galveston, TX 77554, United States of America
| | - Thomas J McDonald
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine Interdisciplinary, Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America; Texas A&M University, School of Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine Interdisciplinary, Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America.
| | - Terry L Wade
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine Interdisciplinary, Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America; Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Timothy M Dellapenna
- Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States of America; Texas A&M University, Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Galveston, TX 77554, United States of America
| | - Yina Liu
- Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Anthony H Knap
- Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine Interdisciplinary, Faculty of Toxicology, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America; Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, College Station, TX, United States of America
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14
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Tang C, Shen C, Zhu K, Zhou Y, Chuang YJ, He C, Zuo Z. Exposure to the AhR agonist cyprodinil impacts the cardiac development and function of zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110808. [PMID: 32516676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyprodinil is a broad-spectrum pyrimidine amine fungicide that has been reportedly used worldwide. However, toxicity studies of cyprodinil on aquatic organisms, specifically zebrafish (Danio rerio), are lacking. In our present study, we predicted cyprodinil binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by using molecular docking simulation. Then, we used recombinant HepG2 cells and Tg(cyp1a1-12DRE:egfp) transgenic zebrafish to further assess the AhR agonistic activity of cyprodinil. Besides, the significant upregulation of cyp1a1 further verified that statement. Moreover, we found that zebrafish exposure to cyprodinil induced developmental toxicity in the larvae, particularly during cardiac development. The expression levels of cardiac development-related genes, namely tbx5, nkx2.5, gata4, and tnnt2, were markedly altered, which might cause the adverse effects of cyprodinil on cardiac function and development. In summary, we found that cyprodinil, as an AhR agonist, induced development toxicity in zebrafish larvae, especially on cardiac. Data here can assess the potential effects on organisms in the aquatic environment and promote the regulation and safe use of cyprodinil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
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15
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Li D, Liu T, Pan L, Hu F, Jin Q. Bioaccumulation and oxidative damage of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110558. [PMID: 32304925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the bioaccumulation and oxidative damage of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, exposed to four selected mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), benzo (a) anthracene (BaA), benzo (b) fluoranthene (BbF), and chrysene (Chr) in equal proportion. For this purpose, clams were exposed to PAHs (BaP:BbF:BaA:Chr = 1:1:1:1) at different concentrations (0.05, 0.5, and 5 μg/L) for 21 days, followed by a 15-day depuration period. All four PAHs accumulated in the gill, digestive gland, adductor muscle, and soft tissue of Manila clams, and all PAH treatment groups showed clear time and dose dependence. The decreasing order of bioaccumulation for the four PAHs in the exposure experiment was Chr > BaA > BaP > BbF. Moreover, the order of PAH bioaccumulation for the four tissues during the whole experiment was digestive gland > gill > soft tissues > adductor muscles. Although the initial concentrations of the four PAHs were the same, the final accumulated contents were different. Therefore, we also determined the detoxification processes of the four PAH mixtures in gills and digestive glands. The bioaccumulation of Chr was higher than the other three PAHs, probably because clams have a lower metabolic capacity for Chr than for BaP, BbF, and BaA. Exposure to PAH mixtures can result in oxidative damage, as indicated by the fact that DNA strand breaks, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonyl (PC) were induced significantly (P < 0.05), except in the low-dose groups of PAHs, and different trends were detected with time of exposure. According to the correlation analysis, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, glutathione s-transferase, superoxide dismutase, DNA strand break, PC, and LPO in both the gill and digestive gland are potential early indicators of PAH mixtures. We investigated the accumulation rules of R. philippinarum exposed to the selected PAHs and screened the potential biomarkers. The results of our study provide important scientific information for the purpose of monitoring marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Fengxiao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Qian Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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16
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Zhou Y, Shen C, Ruan J, He C, Chen M, Wang C, Zuo Z. Generation and application of a Tg(cyp1a:egfp) transgenic marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) line as an in vivo assay to sensitively detect dioxin-like compounds in the environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122192. [PMID: 32036309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large-range environmental pollution by dioxin and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) is becoming a serious problem. To establish an in vivo method for the detection of DLCs in seawater, a Tg(cyp1a-12DRE:egfp) transgenic marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) line was first developed with the modified cyp1a-12DRE promoter driving enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression using Tol2 transgenesis technology. With increasing concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the EGFP fluorescence intensity increased significantly. The Tg(cyp1a-12DRE:egfp) medaka possessed high sensitivity (limit of detection of 1 ng/L TCDD) and specificity and low background. This transgenic line is capable of detecting DLCs in environmental seawater in which the concentration of DLCs is at least 0.12207 ng/L TCDD after sample enrichment. The fluorescence-toxic equivalency (TEQ) values from EGFP intensity were closely correlated with the chemical-TEQ values obtained from chemical analyses. Furthermore, the Tg(cyp1a-12DRE:egfp) medaka can directly detect DLCs in seawater samples after a serious pollution accident and screen unknown aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists for risk assessment. For the first time, a convenient method has been established that sensitively and specifically responds to DLCs using the Tg(cyp1a-12DRE:egfp) marine medaka, which could be a highly efficient tool for detecting seawater DLCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jinpeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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17
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Suami RB, Sivalingam P, Al Salah DM, Grandjean D, Mulaji CK, Mpiana PT, Breider F, Otamonga JP, Poté J. Heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants contamination in river, estuary, and marine sediments from Atlantic Coast of Democratic Republic of the Congo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20000-20013. [PMID: 32232759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pollution assessment and the evaluation of potential risks in the Atlantic Coastal Region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are still very limited. Consequently, the present study investigates for the first time the concentrations of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) in river, estuary, and marine sediments from this area. The results highlighted high concentrations of Cr, Zn, As, and Pb exceeding the probable effect level (PEL) on aquatic life. Zn was the most dominant element detected at a range of 180-480 mg kg-1 in marine sediment, 132-382 mg kg-1 in estuary sediment, and 121-687 mg kg-1 in river sediment. Total PCBs (∑7 × 4.3) ranged from 1995 to 20,156 μg kg-1, 2013-12,058 μg kg-1, and 1861-36,417 μg kg-1 in marine, estuary, and river sediments, respectively. Total PCBs (∑7 × 4.3) were above PEL for all sediments, suggesting potential adverse effects on benthic organisms. The OCP, PBDE, and PAH levels were low to moderate for all sediments. Taking into consideration, the concentrations of Zn, Pb, PCBs, and DDTs, probable environmental risks, are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bueya Suami
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), BP 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), BP 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Periyasamy Sivalingam
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl-Vogt, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Microbiology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620020, India
| | - Dhafer Mohammed Al Salah
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl-Vogt, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Prince Turki the 1st st, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Crispin Kyela Mulaji
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), BP 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pius Tshimankinda Mpiana
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), BP 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Otamonga
- Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la Libération. Quartier Binza/UPN, BP 8815, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - John Poté
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), BP 190, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Uni Carl-Vogt, 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la Libération. Quartier Binza/UPN, BP 8815, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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18
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Bartonitz A, Anyanwu IN, Geist J, Imhof HK, Reichel J, Graßmann J, Drewes JE, Beggel S. Modulation of PAH toxicity on the freshwater organism G. roeseli by microparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113999. [PMID: 32018198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread and environmentally persistent chemicals that readily bind to particles in air, soil and sediment. Plastic particles, which are also an ubiquitous global contamination problem, may thus modulate their environmental fate and ecotoxicity. First, the acute aqueous toxicity of phenanthrene in adult Gammarus roeseli was determined with a LC50 of 471 μg/L after 24 h and 441 μg/L after 48 h. Second, considering lethal and sublethal endpoints, effects of phenanthrene concentration on G. roeseli were assessed in relation to the presence of anthropogenic and natural particles. The exposure of gammarids in presence of either particle type with phenanthrene resulted after 24 and 48 h in reduced effect size. Particle exposure alone did not result in any effects. The observed reduction of phenanthrene toxicity by polyamide contradicts the discussion of microplastics acting as a vector or synergistically. Especially, no difference in modulation by plastic particles and naturally occurring sediment particles was measured. These findings can most likely be explained by the similar adsorption of phenanthrene to both particle types resulting in reduced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Bartonitz
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Ihuoma N Anyanwu
- Department of Biology/ Microbiology/ Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hannes K Imhof
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Julia Reichel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johanna Graßmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Joerg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beggel
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
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19
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Merhaby D, Ouddane B, Net S, Halwani J. Assessment of persistent organic pollutants in surface sediments along Lebanese coastal zone. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:110947. [PMID: 32056855 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The levels of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) along the Lebanese coastal zone (LCZ) were assessed by collecting15 surface sediments from five hotspot stations. Such stations were influenced by various industrial units, riverine input, and touristic activities. The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑16PAHs), their methylated derivatives (∑18Me-PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (∑28PCBs) were in the range of 537-3773 μg∙kg-1 dw, 187-1541 μg∙kg-1 dw, and 143-303 μg∙kg-1 dw respectively. Significant contamination was found at Beirut Port that is surrounded by a densely populated area and is subjected to multidisciplinary activities. Source identification of PAHs was confirmed by using the diagnostic ratio of PAHs with low molecular weight and high molecular weight (LMW/HMW). For PCBs, LCZ is polluted by higher chlorinated congeners with 4 to 9 chlorinated atoms generated from volatilization and combustion processes. Toxicity and biological risks were assessed using toxic equivalent quantity (TEQcarc) and sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Merhaby
- Univ. Lille, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR)-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, 59000 Lille, France; Université Libanaise, Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Univ. Lille, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR)-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sopheak Net
- Univ. Lille, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR)-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jalal Halwani
- Université Libanaise, Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
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Mennillo E, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Quality screening of the Lagos lagoon sediment by assessing the cytotoxicity and toxicological responses of rat hepatoma H4IIE and fish PLHC-1 cell-lines using different extraction approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:108986. [PMID: 31812937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sediment samples from Makoko and Ikorodu sites of the Lagos lagoon (Nigeria) were screened for toxicological responses on mammalian and fish cell lines using different extraction methods. Rat hepatoma H4IIE and fish PLHC-1 cell-lines were exposed to serial dilutions of the elutriate, polar and non-polar extracts. We evaluated exposed cells for cytotoxicity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated toxicity. Cells exposed to polar and water extracts from Makoko and Ikorodu showed viability percentage of >80% at 48 h. On the other hand, exposure to the non-polar extracts exhibited cell viability of 50-60% at all tested dilutions. For both cell lines, a significant concentration-dependent induction of cyp1a mRNA was observed after exposure to the different extracts from both sites. Interestingly, the extracts affected functional enzymes differently for both cell lines. For H4IIE cells, while EROD activity paralleled cyp1a mRNA expression patterns, MROD showed significant concentration-specific reduction in cells exposed to polar and water extracts. On the contrary, while the MROD activity paralleled cyp1a mRNA, EROD activity was significantly inhibited in PLHC-1 cells exposed to water-, polar and non-polar extracts from both sites. These observations paralleled sediments PAH contamination burden from the study sites as revealed by co-relation analysis. In conclusion, although the different extracts did not exert high cytotoxic effects (except the non-polar) at the tested concentrations, they significantly modulated phase I biotransformation responses, showing that the studied sediments contain complex chemical mixture in the different extracts, with potential for overt physiological and general health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), 56122, Italy
| | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Ji D, Mao Z, He J, Peng S, Wen H. Characterization and genomic function analysis of phenanthrene-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Lphe-2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:549-562. [PMID: 31913782 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1711352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A stain of Pseudomonas sp. Lphe-2, which could degrade phenanthrene as the main carbon and energy source, was isolated from the aerobic sludge of a coking plant. Then its biodegradation characteristics, whole genome sequence and biodegradation pathway were examined. The Lphe-2 strain exhibited broad-spectrum degradation activities for various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), and pyrene (PYR). Under the optimal conditions, the degradation efficiency of phenanthrene (100 mg/L) is 92.76% on the 7th day, and 2-carboxybenzaldehyde and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid are the major metabolites found in phenanthrene metabolism. Genomic analysis of Pseudomonas sp. Lphe-2 showed that a total of 3879 genes from the Lphe-2 strain were annotated based on the COG classification, and the genomic information was annotated to 185 metabolic pathways. Based on the intermediate metabolites detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) and all potential phenanthrene-degrading genes identified by BLAST search, a phenanthrene biodegradation pathway of Lphe-2 strain was proposed. These results suggested that Lphe-2 strain has a good prospect in the bioremediation of PAHs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ji
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian He
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sihan Peng
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyu Wen
- School of life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Vonk JA, Kraak MHS. Herbicide Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Primary Producers. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 250:119-171. [PMID: 32945954 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to give an overview of the current state of science concerning herbicide exposure and toxicity to aquatic primary producers. To this end we assessed the open literature, revealing the widespread presence of (mixtures of) herbicides, inevitably leading to the exposure of non-target primary producers. Yet, herbicide concentrations show strong temporal and spatial variations. Concerning herbicide toxicity, it was concluded that the most sensitive as well as the least sensitive species differed per herbicide and that the observed effect concentrations for some herbicides were rather independent from the exposure time. More extensive ecotoxicity testing is required, especially considering macrophytes and marine herbicide toxicity. Hence, it was concluded that the largest knowledge gap concerns the effects of sediment-associated herbicides on primary producers in the marine/estuarine environment. Generally, there is no actual risk of waterborne herbicides to aquatic primary producers. Still, median concentrations of atrazine and especially of diuron measured in China, the USA and Europe represented moderate risks for primary producers. Maximum concentrations due to misuse and accidents may even cause the exceedance of almost 60% of the effect concentrations plotted in SSDs. Using bioassays to determine the effect of contaminated water and sediment and to identify the herbicides of concern is a promising addition to chemical analysis, especially for the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides using photosynthesis as endpoint in the bioassays. This review concluded that to come to a reliable herbicide hazard and risk assessment, an extensive catch-up must be made concerning macrophytes, the marine environment and especially sediment as overlooked and understudied environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arie Vonk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Tong Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Tian S. Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in surface seawater from coastal Bohai Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:520-524. [PMID: 31232332 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, composition, potential sources and ecological risk of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface water from coastal Bohai Bay. The PAH concentrations ranged from 48.0 to 607 ng L-1 with the mean value of 267 ng L-1 in dissolved phase and 198 to 935 ng L-1 with the mean value of 424 ng L-1 in particle-associated phase, and decreased following the order: Qinhuangdao (QHD) > Caofeidian (CFD) > Huanghuagang (HHG). The 2-3 ring PAHs accounted for 79.9% to 86.2% in particle-associated phase and 65.6% to 73.2% in dissolved phase of total 16 PAHs, in which naphthalene (Nap) was the most dominant compound. The PAHs in surface seawater mainly originated from petrogenic sources according to the molecular ratios of benzo[a]anthracene/228 and fluoranthene/202. Risk quotients indicated that there was potential ecological risk for PAHs in surface seawater, especially for pyrene and fluorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Tong
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yaning Wang
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shengyan Tian
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Marine Environmental Protection and Restoration Technology Engineering Center, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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24
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Diao ZH, Pu SY, Qian W, Liang S, Kong LJ, Xia DH, Lei ZX, Du JJ, Liu H, Yang JW. Photocatalytic removal of phenanthrene and algae by a novel Ca-Ag 3PO 4 composite under visible light: Reactivity and coexisting effect. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:511-518. [PMID: 30660907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of a novel Ca-Ag3PO4 composite with visible light irradiation for the phenanthrene (PHE) degradation and algae inactivation in artificial seawater was firstly investigated. The experimental findings revealed that Ag3PO4 phase was sucessfully formed on the Ca-based material, and the presence of Ca-based material could effectively keep Ag3PO4 particles stable. An excellent performance on PHE degradation or algae inactivation was observed from Ca-Ag3PO4 composite under visible light irradiation. The degradation of PHE or inactivation of algae not only could be efficiently achieved in the single mode, but also could be successfully achieved in the coexisting mode. Above 96% of PHE and algae were simultaneously removed within 12 h in the Ca-Ag3PO4/visible light system. It was further observed that the degradation of PHE and/or inactivation of algae increased with the increase of Ca-Ag3PO4 dosage. HO was the primary radical responsible for PHE degradation, whereas HO and Ag+ released from Ca-Ag3PO4 mainly contributed to the algae inactivation. A possible mechanism involving the catalytic removal of PHE and algae by Ca-Ag3PO4 under visible light irradiation was proposed. This study provides helpful guide for the simultaneous removal of various pollutants in real seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hui Diao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Sheng-Yan Pu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Ling-Jun Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - De-Hua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ze-Xiang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jian-Jun Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jie-Wen Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
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25
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Rabodonirina S, Rasolomampianina R, Krier F, Drider D, Merhaby D, Net S, Ouddane B. Degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene in PAHs-contaminated soil using Pseudomonas and Bacillus strains isolated from oil spill sites. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:1-7. [PMID: 30453222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of 3-ring and 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) model (fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene) were investigated. Twenty-seven bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated-site by oil spills. PAHs-degrading bacteria were screened to select high tolerant species for ensuring an efficient bioremediation. Each of the isolated bacterial strains was grown under different PAHs concentrations (250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L). Among the 27 strains, 8 resulted to be resistant to high concentration level of PAHs (1500 mg/L) and thereof can use PAHs as sole source of carbon and energy. The most tolerant strains were molecularly identified using mass spectrometer MALDI-TOF VITEK MS and 16S rDNA sequencing approaches. The identified bacterial strains Pseudomonas stutzeri (P. stutzeri), Bacillus simplex (B. simplex) and Bacillus pumilus (B. pumilus) were used for the bioremediation experiment of soils contaminated by PAHs. The studies were conducted under controlled conditions using soil spiked with a mixture of the target PAHs and the three microcosm strains. The results revealed that only fluorene and phenanthrene, which are low molecular weight PAHs, were degraded efficiently within 72 days of test organism incubation. These degradations were about 65-86% and 86-95% for fluorene and phenanthrene, respectively. At the same time and conversely to fluorene and phenanthrene, the high molecular weight PAHs, pyrene and fluoranthene were recalcitrant to these selected microbial strains. The biodegradation kinetics of both fluorene and phenanthrene were fit a first order rate with R2 values ranging from 0.88 to 0.92. The half-lives of phenanthrene (2.4-2.7 days) and those of fluorene (3.5-4.6 days) were all less than 10 days, delineating therefore acclimatization with the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rabodonirina
- Univ. Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antananarivo, Unité de Recherche en Génie des Procédés et Génie de l'Environnement (URGPGE), BP 906 - 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - R Rasolomampianina
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie de l'eau, Centre National de Recherches sur l'Environnement, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - F Krier
- Université de Lille, EA 7394-Institut Charles Violette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - D Drider
- Université de Lille, EA 7394-Institut Charles Violette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - D Merhaby
- Univ. Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Université Libanaise, Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - S Net
- Univ. Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - B Ouddane
- Univ. Lille, LASIR-UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-Chimie de l'Environnement, Bat. C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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26
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Natoli L, Luci G, Mennillo E, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Assessing the effects of Awba dam sediment (Nigeria) on the steroidogenesis of H295R cells using different extraction methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:121-131. [PMID: 30196212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, H295R human cells were used to investigate the endocrine disruptor potential of three different sediments extracts taken from a Nigerian tropical freshwater dam (Awba Dam), using three extraction methods that allowed a selective consideration of contaminants based on their binding affinity, which is mainly driven by polarity, to sediment particles. After exposure to different concentration of each extract, H295R cells were evaluated for the expression profiles of 10 steroidogenic enzyme genes and estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels. Our results showed a comparable concentrated-related increase in the expression of 17β-hsd1, 3β-hsd2 and cyp21 in cells treated with the polar and non-polar extracts. The star, hmgr, cyp11b2 and 17β-hsd4 were slightly decreased, in an apparent concentration-specific manner, after treatment with the polar extract and decreased in the non-polar treatment. The cyp11a and cyp17 showed an opposite trend in the polar and non-polar treatments. E2 was significantly higher in cell treated with the non-polar extract. Elutriate exposure produced less pronounced variation in mRNA and hormones levels. Overall the extract with non-polar compounds produced the most severe effects in H295R cells. Thus, direct ingestion of detritus and mud from fishes and other benthonic organisms represent possible transfer of contaminants in the trophic web, and mainly account for alteration of the endocrine system previously observed in fish from the same study site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Natoli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giacomo Luci
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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27
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Yaghoobi Z, Kong Yap C, Maisano M, Cappello T. Distributions and compositional patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in three edible fishes from Kharg coral Island, Persian Gulf, Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:835-845. [PMID: 30359953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, hydroxyl, carbonyl and methyl-containing PAHs) in three edible marine fishes, namely Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lethrinus microdon and Scomberomorus guttatus, from Kharg Island, Persian Gulf, Iran. The concentrations (ng g-1dw) of Σ39PAHs resulted significantly higher in fish liver than muscle, with the PAH composition pattern dominated by low molecular weight compounds (naphthalene, alkyl-naphthalenes and phenanthrene). The highest mean concentrations of ∑9 oxygenated and ∑15 hydroxylated PAHs (ng g-1dw) were found ound in L. microdon and L. argentimaculatus, respectively, while the lowest values in S. guttatus. Additionally, the highest mean concentrations of Σ5 carbonylic PAHs (ng g-1dw) were found in L. argentimaculatus, followed by L. microdon. The PAHs levels and distribution in fish liver and muscle were dependent on both the Kow of PAHs congeners and fish lipid contents. Overall, the present findings provide important baseline data for further research on the ecotoxicity of PAHs in aquatic organisms, and consequent implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Yaghoobi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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28
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Hedouin L, Shadmehri Toosi A, Cappello T. Spatio-temporal variability, distribution and sources of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reef surface sediments of Kharg and Lark coral reefs, Persian Gulf, Iran. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:307-322. [PMID: 30056345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, particularly oil pollution, has been a long-standing problem in marine areas. With the aim to assess the pollution status in the Persian Gulf, Iran, herein surface sediments were collected from Kharg and Lark coral reefs, in summer (dry season) and winter (wet season), to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations of n-alkanes and PAHs. The mean total organic carbon (TOC) contents of sediments showed a significantly dramatic variation (p < 0.05) in both seasons at both Islands, with high values recorded at sites located near pollutant inputs. The total mean percent of clay grain-sized sediments at Kharg were 26.57% and 28.86% in dry and wet seasons, respectively, while in Lark were 26.73% in summer and 24.57% in winter. Additionally, at Kharg the mean ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs ranged from 81.35 to 573 µg g-1 dw and 60.25-491 ng g-1 dw in dry season, and 171-754 µg g-1 dw and 41.61-693 ng g-1 dw in winter, respectively. At Lark, the average ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs varied from 31.18 to 272 µg g-1 dw and 41.25-196 ng g-1 dw in summer, whilst oscillated from 57.99 to 332 µg g-1 dw and 16.56-487 ng g-1 dw in wet season, respectively. The lowest mean level of the examined pollutants were spanned in offshore sites, while the highest average concentrations indicated that contaminated sediments were at onshore stations at both Islands in both seasons. Significant seasonal variations (p < 0.05) were observed at most sampling sites for all pollutants. Molecular Diagnostic Ratio (MDR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that n-alkanes and PAHs had mostly a petrogenic source. The compositional profile of PAHs showed that 2 and 3-ring PAHs were abundant at both sampling sites. Significant positive correlation (r > 0.76) was observed between ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs at Kharg and Lark sediments with TOC content, especially for the sites with high total pollutant concentrations. Based on the potential impact and ecological risk of n-alkanes and PAHs in surface sediments, it is, therefore, necessary in future studies to focus on their effects on corals and other marine organisms within this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Laetitia Hedouin
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Perpignan, France
| | - Amirhossein Shadmehri Toosi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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29
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Ma XY, Li Q, Wang XC, Wang Y, Wang D, Ngo HH. Micropollutants removal and health risk reduction in a water reclamation and ecological reuse system. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 138:272-281. [PMID: 29614455 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As reclaimed water use is increasing, its safety attracts growing attention, particularly with respect to the health risks associated with the wide range of micropollutants found in the reclaimed water. In this study, sophisticated analysis was conducted for water samples from a water reclamation and ecological reuse system where domestic wastewater was treated using an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic unit followed by a membrane bioreactor (A2O-MBR), and the reclaimed water was used for replenishing a landscape lake. A total of 58 organic micropollutants were detected in the system, consisting of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 16 phenols, 3 pesticides, and 26 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). After treatment by the A2O-MBR process, effective removal of pesticides and phenols was achieved, while when the reclaimed water entered the landscape lake, PPCPs were further removed. From the physicochemical properties of micropollutants, it could be inferred that phenols and dichlorphos (the only pesticide with considerable concentration in the influent) would have been mainly removed by biodegradation and/or volatilization in the biological treatment process. Additionally, it is probable that sludge adsorption also contributed to the removal of dichlorphos. For the predominant PPCP removal in the landscape lake, various actions, such as adsorption, biodegradation, photolysis, and ecologically mediated processes (via aquatic plants and animals), would have played significant roles. However, according to their logKoc, logKow and logD (pH = 8) values, it could be concluded that adsorption by suspended solids might be an important action. Although carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with all the detected micropollutants were at negligible levels, the hazard quotients (HQs) of PPCPs accounted for 92.03%-97.23% of the HQTotal. With the significant removal of PPCPs through the ecological processes in the landscape lake, the safety of reclaimed water use could be improved. Therefore, the introduction of ecological unit into the water reclamation and reuse system could be an effective measure for health risk reduction posed by micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Y Ma
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR, China.
| | - Yongkun Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Shaanxi Province, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Yu Y, Yu Z, Wang Z, Lin B, Li L, Chen X, Zhu X, Xiang M, Ma R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in multi-phases from the drinking water source area of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in South China: Distribution, source apportionment, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12557-12569. [PMID: 29464605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the water dissolved phase (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment collected from the water source zone of the Pearl River Delta region. The sum of 16 PAH concentrations ranged from 92.8 to 324 ng/L in the water DP, from 28.8 to 205 ng/L in the SPM, and from 55.7 to 381 ng/g (d.w.) in the sediment. Compared with other areas globally, the PAH levels were considerably moderate in the DP and SPM and relatively low in the sediment. Spatial distribution of PAHs was site-specific, and relatively higher PAH levels were found in the areas with dense population and heavy traffic. The PAH profile was dominated by two- and three-ring PAHs, and PAH pollution was identified of pyrolytic origins. Based on risk quotient, the ecological risk in water was ranked as moderate, but the adverse health risk associated with water ingestion was minimal. Naphthalene and fluorene of the sediment samples showed potential biological impairment in some locations; nevertheless, the mean effects range median quotient suggested that the ecological risk of multiple PAHs was quite low (less than 10% incidence of adverse effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Ziling Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Bigui Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Liangzhong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xichao Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
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31
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Orif M, El-Maradny A. Bio-accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina) along Arabian Gulf, Saudi Coast. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe Arabian Gulf is considered as one of the most important sources for the crude oil all over the world. Due to the vast oil exploration and exploitation, huge amounts of organic pollutants infiltrate to the gulf. An important class of organic pollutants is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). One of the marine habitats in Arabian Gulf area is the mangrove stands, that are undoubtedly impacted by all anthropogenic factors like oil industries and sewage discharge. In the monitoring framework for mangrove ecosystem along Saudi coasts, nine mangrove stands were examined for the accumulation of PAHs in the Arabian Gulf coast. PAHs were measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The mean values detected for total PAHs in mangrove sediments, roots and leaf were 105.39, 680.0 and 282.4 ng/g, respectively. The trend of total PAHs concentrations in all sites showed the descending order: roots > leaf > sediments. Despite the sandy nature and low organic carbon contents of the mangrove sediments, moderate values of PAHs were detected in the major sites. PAH bio-accumulation factors for roots are higher than that in leaf. The diagnostic ratios revealed that the sources of PAHs are mainly pyrogenic, except for Damam and Damam Port that were found to be petrogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Orif
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr El-Maradny
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah21589, Saudi Arabia
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Qait Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
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32
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Wang H, Li Y, Xia X, Xiong X. Relationship between metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 65:43-52. [PMID: 29548410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated bioaccumulation and metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic organisms. However, lack of studies investigated both processes simultaneously, and the interaction between these two processes is less understood so far. This study investigated the bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs and metabolic enzyme activities, including total cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), in zebrafish. Mature zebrafish were exposed to the mixture of phenanthrene and anthracene under constant concentration maintained by passive dosing systems for 16days. The results showed that PAH concentrations in zebrafish experienced a peak value after exposure for 1.5days, and then decreased gradually. The bioaccumulation equilibrium was achieved after exposure for 12days. Both of the uptake rate constants (ku) and the elimination rate constants (ke) decreased after the peak value. The variation of PAH concentrations and metabolic enzyme activities in zebrafish had an interactive relationship. The activities of CYPs and T-SOD increased initially with the increase of PAH concentrations, but decreased to the lowest state when PAH concentrations reached the peak value. When the bioaccumulation equilibrium of PAHs was achieved, CYPs and T-SOD activities also reached the steady state. In general, CYPs and T-SOD activities were activated after exposure to PAHs. The decrease of PAH concentrations in zebrafish after the peak value may be attributed to the great drop of ku and the variation of CYPs activities. This study suggests that an interactive relationship exists between bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs and metabolic enzyme activities in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yayuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xinyue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Tang J, An T, Xiong J, Li G. The evolution of pollution profile and health risk assessment for three groups SVOCs pollutants along with Beijiang River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:1487-1499. [PMID: 28315117 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three important groups of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and phthalate esters (PAEs), were produced by various human activities and entered the water body. In this study, the pollution profiles of three species including 16 PAHs, 20 OCPs and 15 PAEs in water along the Beijiang River, China were investigated. The concentrations of Σ16PAHs in the dissolved and particulate phases were obtained as 69-1.5 × 102 ng L-1 and 2.3 × 103-8.6 × 104 ng g-1, respectively. The levels of Σ20OCPs were 23-66 ng L-1 (dissolved phase) and 19-1.7 × 103 ng g-1 (particulate phase). Nevertheless, higher levels of PAEs were found both in the dissolved and particulate phases due to abuse use of plastic products. Furthermore, non-cancer and cancer risks caused by these SVOCs through the ingestion absorption and dermal absorption were also assessed. There was no non-cancer risk existed through two kinds of exposure of them at current levels, whereas certain cancer risk existed through dermal absorption of PAHs in the particulate phase in some sampling sites. The results will show scientific insights into the evaluation of the status of combined pollution in river basins, and the determination of strategies for incident control and pollutant remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Taicheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jukun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Huang Y, Liu M, Wang R, Khan SK, Gao D, Zhang Y. Characterization and source apportionment of PAHs from a highly urbanized river sediments based on land use analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1334-1345. [PMID: 28679154 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The city-scale land use/land cover change derived by urbanization on the fates of PAHs is of great concerns recently. This study evaluated spatiotemporal variations and sources of PAHs from a highly urbanized river sediments in the Huangpu River, Shanghai. Results indicated that the concentrations of PAHs in the sediments varied greatly across locations and seasons. The concentration of Σ16PAHs in the dry season were 6 times higher than that in wet season. The mainstream and midstream of the Huangpu River were identified as the hotspots in both dry and wet seasons. However, 4-ring PAH compounds were dominated, contributing 42.41% ± 6.81% and 44.70 ± 7.73% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Multivariate statistical and land use analysis suggested that the main sources of PAHs derived from the cultivation, traffic and commercial activities. Buffer radii (<750 m) area with cultivated land, road/street and transportation and commercial and business facilities contributed significantly the PAHs in the sediment of the Huangpu River. Population density was also an important variable regulating the PAHs concentrations less than 750 m in the wet season. Risk assessment results revealed that the PAHs toxicity in the sediments was higher in dry season than in wet season. Overall, severe land use changes caused by rapid urbanization can contribute more amount of PAHs emission and complicated sources of PAHs, thus provide insights into the importance of land use types in indicating PAHs source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Saira Khalil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, 200241 Shanghai, China
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35
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Li C, Huo S, Yu Z, Xi B, Yeager KM, He Z, Ma C, Zhang J, Wu F. National investigation of semi-volatile organic compounds (PAHs, OCPs, and PCBs) in lake sediments of China: Occurrence, spatial variation and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:325-336. [PMID: 27887825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a large scale investigation of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in sediments from 52 lakes, located in five geographic regions across China, was conducted to assess sediment quality in terms of organic contaminants. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment were found to range between 17.00-6,633, 0.12-45.24, and 0.03-13.99ngg-1, respectively. Lake sediments from different regions exhibited variation in contamination levels, and in the compositions of isomers. The descending order of contamination levels for the three SVOCs groups (i.e., ∑PAHs, ∑OCPs, ∑PCBs) were as follows: the eastern plain region (EPR)>the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau (YGP)>the northeast China region (NCR)>the Qinghai-Tibet plateau (QTP)>the Mongolia-Xinjiang plateau (MXP). High molecular weight PAHs, OCPs and PCBs were found at high concentrations in parts of the EPR and YGP, while lighter isomers were likely to be atmospherically transported, resulting in their nationwide distribution. The sources and type variation (local input or atmospheric deposition) are the primary controls of spatial variation. Additionally, human related socio-economic factors, and geographic conditions also played important roles in influencing the spatial differentiation. According to simple sediment quality guidelines (SQG), the risks posed by PCBs in sediments were not as serious as those posed by PAHs and DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaocan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kevin M Yeager
- Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Zhuoshi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
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36
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Sghaier RB, Net S, Ghorbel-Abid I, Bessadok S, Le Coz M, Hassan-Chehimi DB, Trabelsi-Ayadi M, Tackx M, Ouddane B. Simultaneous Detection of 13 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water by a Combination of SPE-BSTFA Derivatization and GC-MS in Transboundary Rivers (France-Belgium). WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2017. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-016-3195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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37
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Ma XY, Wang XC, Wang D, Ngo HH, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Dai D. Function of a landscape lake in the reduction of biotoxicity related to trace organic chemicals from reclaimed water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:663-670. [PMID: 27475464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The storage of water in a landscape lake can act as a buffer zone between reclaimed water production and reuse, but there is still uncertainty about the variation of water quality and toxic effects during the open-storage process. In this study, long-term sample collection, chemical analyses and biotoxicity assessments were conducted on reclaimed water before and after open storage in a landscape lake. The organic contents, in terms of chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon, were found to be slightly higher in the lake water than that in the reclaimed water, but substantial reduction of the total concentration of 52 trace organic chemicals was obtained and microorganism toxicity, phytotoxicity, aquatic vertebrate toxicity and genotoxicity, were significantly weakened after open storage. Furthermore, the total risk quotient (RQTotal) decreased from 5.12 (potential ecological risk level) in the reclaimed water to 0.18 (negligible ecological risk level) in the lake water. The removal of chlorpyrifos, dichlorphos and tetracycline was identified as the main reason for biotoxicity reduction after open storage. The seminatural environment of the landscape lake would have provided a favorable condition for the decay of toxic trace organic chemicals so that the stored water turned to be safer for further reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Y Ma
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Donghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Dinan Dai
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province; Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
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38
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Stanković B, Ostojić B, Gruden M, Popović A, Đorđević D. Substituted naphthalenes: Stability, conformational flexibility and description of bonding based on ETS-NOCV method. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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39
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Wang J, Hang Ho SS, Huang R, Gao M, Liu S, Zhao S, Cao J, Wang G, Shen Z, Han Y. Characterization of parent and oxygenated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Xi'an, China during heating period: An investigation of spatial distribution and transformation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:367-377. [PMID: 27323290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and its oxygenated derivatives (OPAHs) are toxins in PM2.5. Little information has been known for their transformation in the ambient airs. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected at 19 sampling sites in Xi'an, China during the heating period, which is classified into: urban residential, university, commercial area, suburban region, and industry. Organic compounds including PAHs, OPAHs, hopanes and cholestanes were quantified. The average of total quantified PAHs and OPAHs concentrations were 196.5 ng/m(3) and 29.4 ng/m(3), respectively, which were consistent with other northern cities in China. Statistical analyses showed that there were significant differences on the distributions of PAHs between urban and suburban regions. The industry also had distinguishable profiles compared with urban residential and commercial area for OPAHs. The greater diversity of OPAHs than PAHs might be due to different primary emission sources and transformation and degradation pathways. The ratios of OPAHs to the corresponding parent PAHs, including 9-fluorenone/fluorene, anthraquinone/anthracene, benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione/benzo[a]anthracene were 6.2, 12.7, and 1.4, respectively, which were much higher than those for the fresh emissions from coal combustion and biomass burning. These prove the importance of secondary formation and transformation of OPAHs in the ambient airs. Biomarkers such as retene, cyclopenta[CD]pyrene and αα-homohopane were characterized for the source apportionment. With Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model analysis, biomass burning was recognized as the most dominant pollution sources for PAHs during the heading period, which accounted for a contribution of 37.1%. Vehicle emission (22.8%) and coal combustion (22.6%) were also contributors in Xi'an.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Rujin Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Meiling Gao
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Suixin Liu
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuyu Zhao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongming Han
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Korosi JB, Eickmeyer DC, Thienpont JR, Palmer MJ, Kimpe LE, Blais JM. Assessing the contribution of combustion-derived contaminants to a remote subarctic environment from traffic on the Tibbitt to Contwoyto winter road (Northwest Territories, Canada). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:96-106. [PMID: 26906697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Remote mining operations in Canada's Northwest Territories and Nunavut are supported by a 600 km winter road, which spans the transition from subarctic boreal forest in Yellowknife to low Arctic tundra. Each year, thousands of truckloads of fuel, large equipment, and other heavy loads are hauled up the winter road. We investigated whether diesel emissions from commercial truck traffic is a major source of metals and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) to aquatic ecosystems along the winter road. In March 2014, at the end of the hauling season, we collected integrated snow samples, water, and sediment from nine lakes located along the winter road, as well as from six lakes located within the city of Yellowknife. Examination of PAC composition and diagnostic ratios in snow samples showed that wildfires are an important source of PACs to lakes along the winter road, while anthropogenic sources are more prevalent in snow from Yellowknife lakes. Concentrations of PACs, including those associated with diesel emissions, were variable in snow, water, and sediment across all sites. The highest concentrations of PACs in snow were reported in winter road lakes located in the subarctic boreal forest, where forest fires are common. No compositional differences were observed for PACs in sediment and water samples between Yellowknife and winter road lakes. We did not observe any evidence of metal contamination in snow collected along the winter road, and metal concentrations in snow from winter road sites were consistently lower than Yellowknife sites. Our results show that a high contribution of PACs from natural sources can obscure potential contributions from diesel traffic emissions along the winter road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Korosi
- 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5.
| | - David C Eickmeyer
- 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Joshua R Thienpont
- 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Michael J Palmer
- Cumulative Impact Monitoring Program, Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, 5102 50th Avenue, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada X1A 3S8
| | - Linda E Kimpe
- 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Jules M Blais
- 30 Marie Curie Pvt., Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Adeogun AO, Onibonoje K, Ibor OR, Omiwole RA, Chukwuka AV, Ugwumba AO, Ugwumba AAA, Arukwe A. Endocrine-disruptor molecular responses, occurrence of intersex and gonado-histopathological changes in tilapia species from a tropical freshwater dam (Awba Dam) in Ibadan, Nigeria. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 174:10-21. [PMID: 26897087 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the occurrence of endocrine disruptive responses in Tilapia species from Awba Dam has been investigated, and compared to a reference site (Modete Dam). The Awba Dam is a recipient of effluents from University of Ibadan (Nigeria) and several other anthropogenic sources. A total of 132 Tilapia species (Sarotherodon malenotheron (n=57 and 32, males and females, respectively) and Tilapia guineensis (n=23 and 20, males and females, respectively)) were collected from June to September 2014. At the reference site, samples of adult male and female S. melanotheron (48 males and 47 females) and T. guineensis (84 males and 27 females) were collected. Gonads were morphologically and histologically examined and gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated. Hepatic mRNA transcriptions of vitellogenin (Vtg) and zona radiata protein (Zrp) genes were analyzed using validated RT-qPCR. Significant increase in Vtg and Zrp transcripts were observed in male tilapias from Awba Dam, compared to males from the reference site. In addition, male tilapias from Awba Dam produced significantly higher Vtg and Zrp mRNA, compared to females in June and July. However, at the natural peak spawning period in August and September, females produced, significantly higher Vtg and Zrp mRNA, compared to males. Fish gonads revealed varying incidence of intersex with a striking presence of two (2) pairs of testes and a pair of ovary in S. melanotheron from Awba Dam. The entire fish population examined at Awba Dam showed a high prevalence of intersex (34.8%), involving phenotypic males and females of both species. Analysis of sediment contaminant levels revealed that As, Cd, Pb, Hg and Ni (heavy metals), monobutyltin cation, 4-iso-nonyphenol and PCB congeners (138, 153 and 180) were significantly higher in Awba Dam, compared to the reference site. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fish variables were positively correlated with sediment contaminant burden at Awba Dam, indicating that the observed endocrine disruptive responses are associated with contaminant concentrations. Overall, the occurrence of intersex and elevated expressions of Vtg and Zrp in male fish, suggest that the measured contaminants were eliciting severe endocrine disruptive effects in Awba Dam biota, which is an important source of domestic water supply and fisheries for the University of Ibadan community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Alex O Ugwumba
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Adeogun AO, Ibor OR, Adeduntan SD, Arukwe A. Intersex and alterations in reproductive development of a cichlid, Tilapia guineensis, from a municipal domestic water supply lake (Eleyele) in Southwestern Nigeria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:372-382. [PMID: 26410712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop and validate biomarker techniques for aquatic environmental monitoring of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in Nigeria aquatic ecosystems, using the Eleyele Lake, which is a major source of domestic water supply to Ibadan and its surrounding towns, as a model aquatic environment and Tilapia guineensis, as a model organism. A total of 55 male and 28 female fish were used for this study. No significant difference in condition factor was observed between the sexes. Evaluation of gross gonadal morphology of the sampled fish showed 33% intersex prevalence in the sampled population, of which respective 71 and 29% were males and females, with visible testis and ovary developing alongside phenotypic females and males. Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) were performed, showing that male fish had significantly higher plasma LH and E2 concentrations, compared to females. Vitellogenin (Vtg) and zona radiata proteins (Zrp) mRNA levels were significantly higher in males, compared to female fish. Contaminant analysis revealed that PCB 81, 123, 138 and 196 were the only PCB congeners detected in sediment and fish muscle (PCB153 in sediment), while dieldrin was the only organochlorine compound (OC) detected in Eleyele sediment. These responses were used in a multivariate analysis, showing that two principal components were extracted and accounted for 74% of total variation in the dataset. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that male fish variables were positively correlated with PCB congeners 18 and 123, while female fish showed positive correlations with congener 81, 138, 189, 196, indicating sex-specific pattern of association between PCBs concentrations and biomarker expression. In addition, strong positive correlation between male fish and LH, E2, FSH and Vtg was observed, while female fish positively correlated with 11-KT and GSI. These relationships suggest feminization and masculinization of male and female fish, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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