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Behera D, Krishnakumar S, Anoop A. Occurrence, distribution and sources of petroleum contamination in reef-associated sediments of the Gulf of Mannar, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115576. [PMID: 37813061 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of saturated hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was assessed in superficial sediment samples collected from Mandapam island groups, Gulf of Mannar, India. The hydrocarbon distribution pattern and the n-alkane indices (e.g., carbon preference index (CPI) and natural n-alkanes ratio (NAR)) were deployed to differentiate between the biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Petroleum pollution was indicated by the pristane/phytane ratio close to 1. Presence of a prominent unresolved complex mixture (UCM) as well as hopane concentrations further supported this assertion. The evaluation of petrogenic sources of contamination were also comprehended by various diagnostic ratios of PAHs. The sites associated with shipping activities, tourism, and located near the mainland and accessible portions of the islands exhibited high petroleum contamination. Correlation analysis underlines the significance of combining petroleum-specific marker compounds and diagnostic ratios to improve the assessment of human influence on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Behera
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - S Krishnakumar
- Department of Geology, Malankara Catholic college, Mariyagiri, Kaliakkavilai, Kanyakumari 629153, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ambili Anoop
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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2
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Yuan L, Wu Y, Fan Q, Li P, Liang J, Wang Z, Li R, Shi L. Spatial distribution, composition, and source analysis of petroleum pollutants in soil from the Changqing Oilfield, Northwest China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114338. [PMID: 36375333 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum contamination surrounding oilfields has attracted more concerns. However, the levels, distribution and source of petroleum of Changqing Oilfield soil still remain lots of knowns, which is important for local environmental protection. Given soil contamination issues in Changqiong Oilfield were investigated. The maximum concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), N-alkanes (TNAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined to be 1960.29, 96.13 and 0.82 mg/kg, respectively. TPHs were higher in the north than the south of the study area. TPHs decreased in the horizontal and vertical distribution as soil depth and distance from oil wells increased. Source analysis showed that TNAs mainly originated from petroleum, PAHs were controlled by petroleum spills, combustion and traffic. Correlation analysis implied that TPHs residues had an effect on soil environmental quality. This study have important implications for understanding the environmental behavior of petroleum and can provide support for petroleum remediation and risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmiao Yuan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingqin Wu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - LeiPing Shi
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Pan Y, Zhang M, Jia Y, Qian W, Yang J, Xu Q, Yang T, Wang P, Chen F. Dynamic process and mechanism of crude oil release from silty intertidal sediment under different influencing factors. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 250:104077. [PMID: 36156379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under tidal scouring, residual petroleum in the intertidal sediment after oil spills could release again, causing secondary pollution in the marine ecosystem. The current study aimed to investigate the dynamic process and principles of crude oil release from silty intertidal sediment under different influencing factors and screened for the key factors. In this paper, the fitting equations and correlation between the release amount and various factors were explored through the single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, the key influencing factors were selected for multi-factor fitting of the release amount. The results showed that the oil release amount rose with the increase in oil concentration, oscillation frequency, and release time, but decreased with an increase in salinity. As the pH decreased, the oil release amount increased. The relationship between release amount and concentration/oscillation frequency can be equipped by the polynomial equation, and the average R2 was 0.95 and 0.84, respectively. The release amount can be fitted by the Lagergren pseudo-second-order kinetic equation with time, with the average R2 0.89. The pH was negatively correlated with the release amount in the fresh contaminated sediment but positively correlated with the weathered one. The correlation between each factor and oil release amount was ranked (from large to small) as oil concentration, oscillation frequency, salinity, time, and pH. At last, a polynomial equation can be fitted between the key influencing factors (oil concentration and oscillation frequency) and the release amount. The results can provide a theoretical basis for predicting the secondary pollution owing to the oil re-release from intertidal sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Pan
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yonggang Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Weiguo Qian
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Rizhao Administrative Service Center, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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4
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Investigation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Fingerprints of Water and Sediment Samples of the Nestos River Estuary in Northern Greece. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The oil and gas industry is definitely considered the main contributor in the energy sector, acting as the lifeblood of our planet. However, environmental contamination by crude oil and petroleum products due to anthropogenic activities is of great concern. Nestos River springs from Bulgaria and has a total length of 234 km, from which 135 km belong on Greek land. It is globally recognized as nature’s miracle accommodating a variety of habitats, flora, and fauna species at the deltaic area protected by the RAMSAR Convention. In the current study, water and sediment samples from three different sites along the river course and other six sites of the delta region and the surrounding sea area were selected in order to investigate the potential environmental impact of the nearby oil and gas industry in the Prinos-Kavala basin that operates over 40 years. The samples were analyzed by fingerprinting techniques using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Crude oil samples and different petroleum products were also analyzed to disclose specific markers (biomarkers) that characterize the different sources of oil spills. The analytical data revealed that the distribution of biomarkers is a valuable tool in oil spill identification as well as in their correlation to suspected sources. Extract ion chromatograms of the reference samples showed significant differences in the distribution of n-alkane, isoprenoid, sterane, triterpane, and dibenzothiophene compounds. The results on the analyzed water and sediment samples bared no evidence of environmental hazards associated with the hydrocarbon exploration and production activities of the neighboring oil and gas company.
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Poirier MC, Marsili L, Fossi MC, Godard-Codding CAJ, Hernandez-Ramon EE, Si N, Divi KV, Divi RL, Kerr I, Wise JP, Wise CF, Wise SS, Aboueissa AEM, Wise JTF, Wise JP. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-DNA Adducts in Gulf of Mexico Sperm Whale Skin Biopsies Collected in 2012. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:115-124. [PMID: 33566103 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The northern Gulf of Mexico has a long history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination from anthropogenic activities, natural oil seepages, and the 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill. The continental shelf of the same area is a known breeding ground for sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). To evaluate PAH-DNA damage, a biomarker for potential cancer risk, we compared skin biopsies collected from Gulf of Mexico sperm whales in 2012 with skin biopsies collected from sperm whales in areas of the Pacific Ocean in 1999-2001. All samples were obtained by crossbow and comprised both epidermis and subcutaneous blubber. To evaluate exposure, 7 carcinogenic PAHs were analyzed in lipids extracted from Pacific Ocean sperm whale blubber, pooled by sex, and location. To evaluate PAH-DNA damage, portions of all tissue samples were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned, and examined for PAH-DNA adducts by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an antiserum elicited against benzo[a]pyrene-modified DNA, which crossreacts with several high molecular weight carcinogenic PAHs bound to DNA. The IHC showed widespread epidermal nuclear localization of PAH-DNA adducts in the Gulf of Mexico whales (n = 15) but not in the Pacific Ocean whales (n = 4). A standard semiquantitative scoring system revealed significantly higher PAH-DNA adducts in the Gulf of Mexico whales compared to the whales from the Pacific Ocean study (p = .0002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Poirier
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Céline A J Godard-Codding
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1163, USA
| | - Elena E Hernandez-Ramon
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
| | - Nancy Si
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
| | - Kathyayini V Divi
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
| | - Rao L Divi
- Methods and Technologies Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6909 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Iain Kerr
- Ocean Alliance, 32 Horton St., Gloucester, Maryland 01930, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 S. Floyd St., Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.,Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Preston St., Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Catherine F Wise
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
| | - Sandra S Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Preston St., Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Abou El-Makarim Aboueissa
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, Maine 04104-9300, USA
| | - James T F Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Preston St., Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Hancock St., Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 505 S. Preston St., Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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6
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Wijewardane NK, Ge Y, Sihota N, Hoelen T, Miao T, Weindorf DC. Predicting total petroleum hydrocarbons in field soils with Vis-NIR models developed on laboratory-constructed samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:847-857. [PMID: 33016494 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) is required for optimizing remedial efforts at oil spill sites. While evaluating total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soils is often conducted using costly and time-consuming laboratory methods, visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) has been proven to be a rapid and cost-effective field-based method for soil TPH quantification. This study investigated whether Vis-NIR models calibrated from laboratory-constructed PHC soil samples could be used to accurately estimate TPH concentration of field samples. To evaluate this, a laboratory sample set was constructed by mixing crude oil with uncontaminated soil samples, and two field sample sets (F1 and F2) were collected from three PHC-impacted sites. The Vis-NIR TPH models were calibrated with four different techniques (partial least squares regression, random forest, artificial neural network, and support vector regression), and two model improvement methods (spiking and spiking with extra weight) were compared. Results showed that laboratory-based Vis-NIR models could predict TPH in field sample set F1 with moderate accuracy (R2 > .53) but failed to predict TPH in field sample set F2 (R2 < .13). Both spiking and spiking with extra weight improved the prediction of TPH in both field sample sets (R2 ranged from .63 to .88, respectively); the improvement was most pronounced for F2. This study suggests that Vis-NIR models developed from laboratory-constructed PHC soil samples, spiked by a small number of field sample analyses, can be used to estimate TPH concentrations more efficiently and cost effectively compared with generating site-specific calibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan K Wijewardane
- Dep. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, 158 Chase Hall, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Yufeng Ge
- Dep. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Chase Hall, East Campus, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Natasha Sihota
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Thomas Hoelen
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA
| | - Toni Miao
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, CA, 94801, USA
| | - David C Weindorf
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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7
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Pulster EL, Gracia A, Armenteros M, Toro-Farmer G, Snyder SM, Carr BE, Schwaab MR, Nicholson TJ, Mrowicki J, Murawski SA. A First Comprehensive Baseline of Hydrocarbon Pollution in Gulf of Mexico Fishes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6437. [PMID: 32296072 PMCID: PMC7160155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over seven decades of production and hundreds of oil spills per year, there were no comprehensive baselines for petroleum contamination in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) prior to this study. Subsequent to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill, we implemented Gulf-wide fish surveys extending over seven years (2011–2018). A total of 2,503 fishes, comprised of 91 species, were sampled from 359 locations and evaluated for biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. The northern GoM had significantly higher total biliary PAH concentrations than the West Florida Shelf, and coastal regions off Mexico and Cuba. The highest concentrations of biliary PAH metabolites occurred in Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares), Golden Tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps), and Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Conversely, biliary PAH concentrations were relatively low for most other species including economically important snappers and groupers. While oil contamination in most demersal species in the north central GoM declined in the first few years following DWH, more recent increases in exposure to PAHs in some species suggest a complex interaction between multiple input sources and possible re-suspension or bioturbation of oil-contaminated sediments. This study provides the most comprehensive baselines of PAH exposure in fishes ever conducted for a large marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Pulster
- University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
| | - Adolfo Gracia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Maickel Armenteros
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Ciudad de México, CDMX, México.,Universidad de La Habana, Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, 16 # 114, Playa, Habana, 11300, Cuba
| | | | - Susan M Snyder
- University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Brigid E Carr
- University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Madison R Schwaab
- University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Tiffany J Nicholson
- University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Justin Mrowicki
- University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Steven A Murawski
- University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
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Pan F, Wang Y, Zhang X. Emergency measure of soft isolation controlling pollution diffusion response to sudden water pollution accidents. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:1238-1248. [PMID: 31850875 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of sudden water pollution accidents has become a major threat to water environment safety. Although most researches have focused on constructing a pollutant source identification model and risk assessment methods for dealing with sudden water pollution accidents, a real-time, effective emergency measure for controlling pollutant diffusion, isolating and removing the pollutant, aiming at sudden water pollution accidents, has not been emphasized. Therefore, in this paper, a novel emergency approach of soft isolation was investigated to control pollution diffusion and decrease damage as soon as the accident occurred. In stage 1, the feature of pollution diffusion regarding a sudden water accident was predicted through a water quality model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Then, a design scheme of soft isolation was constructed in stage 2 to isolate the polluted zone and attention was paid to optimizing the parameters of soft isolation. Ultimately, the mathematical model of complete purification was formulated in stage 3 to remove the pollution from the impacted zone. The results indicated that the emergency measure of soft isolation could have significant potential to control and isolate pollution occurring in a sudden water pollution accident in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China E-mail:
| | - Youbao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China E-mail: ; Anhui Provincial Key Lab. of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xinxi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, China and Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, China
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9
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Dashtbozorg M, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Shushizadeh MR, Taghavi L. Quantitative evaluation of n-alkanes, PAHs, and petroleum biomarker accumulation in beach-stranded tar balls and coastal surface sediments in the Bushehr Province, Persian Gulf (Iran). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:801-815. [PMID: 31426222 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas within the Bushehr Province (BP), Persian Gulf, Iran, face great challenges due to the heavy organic contamination caused by rapid industrialization, and the presence of numerous oil fields. In addition, in 2014, a significant number of tar balls are found along the coasts of BP. A total of 96 samples (48 coastal sediments and 48 tar balls) were taken from eight sampling points at the BP coast during the summer of 2014. These samples were analyzed to identify the sources and characteristics of their organic matter using diagnostic ratios and fingerprint analysis based on the distribution of the source-specific biomarkers of n-alkanes, PAHs,1 hopanes and steranes. Mean concentration of n-alkanes (μg g-1 dw) and PAHs (ng g-1 dw) varied respectively from 405 to 220,626, and 267 to 23,568 in coastal sediments, while ranged respectively from 664 to 145,285 and 390 to 46,426 in tar balls. In addition, mean concentration of hopanes and steranes (ng g-1 dw) were between 18.17 and 3349 and 184.66 to 1578 in coastal sediments, whereas in tar balls were 235-1899 and 520-1504, respectively. Pri/Phy2 ratio was 0.25 to 1.51 (0.65) and 0.36 to 1 (0.63) in coastal sediment and tar ball samples, respectively, and the occurrence of UCM3 in both matrices, reflecting the petrogenic OM4 inputs and chronic oil contamination, respectively. The C30 and C29 homologues followed Gammacerane were detected in both matrices, in particular those collected from intensive industrial activities, suggesting petrogenic sources of OM. The coastal sediment PAHs profiles were significantly dominated by HMW5-PAHs in the Bahregan Beach (BAB) (78% of total PAHs), Bandare-Genaveh (GP) (66%), and Bandare-Bushehr (BUB) (61%) stations, while the Bashi Beach (BSB) (40%), Bandare-Kangan (KP) (57%), and Bandare-Asaluyeh (AP) (51%) stations exhibited higher proportion of LMW6-PAHs. PCA7 indicated that the tar ball and coastal sediment samples deposited along the Southwest of the BP beaches are most likely originated from the Abuzar oil. Based on the intensity of the anthropogenic activities, NPMDS8 analysis revealed that the GP, BAB, NNP, AP, and KP sampling sites had a high concentration of detected organic pollutants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates oil pollution in costal sediments and tar balls in the BP, providing insights in to the fate of oil in the coastal areas of the Persian Gulf, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dashtbozorg
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Shushizadeh
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ahvaz Jundishahpour University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Lobat Taghavi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Ashok A, Cusack M, Saderne V, Krishnakumar PK, Rabaoui L, Qurban MA, Duarte CM, Agustí S. Accelerated burial of petroleum hydrocarbons in Arabian Gulf blue carbon repositories. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:205-212. [PMID: 30878929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Massive consumption of petroleum since the past century has led to considerable emissions into marine ecosystems. Marine sediments may accumulate substantial quantities of petroleum and associated contaminants in oil-producing areas. Here, we report accelerated accumulation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in 'blue carbon' vegetated ecosystems of the Arabian Gulf - the world's most important region for oil production. In addition to increased accumulation with the onset of oil exploitation, sediment records reflect a large depositional event associated with the 1991 Gulf War, with the magnitude of these maxima varying across habitats, depending on their elevation along the shoreline. Blue carbon ecosystems of the Arabian Gulf currently bury about 2300 megagrams (Mg) of TPHs annually and have accumulated TPH stocks of 59,799 Mg over the past 25 years alone. Massive burial and sequestration of TPH by blue carbon ecosystems is an important, but thus far unrecognized, removal mechanism in the Arabian Gulf. Conserving these ecosystems is important to avoid possible remobilization of sequestered TPH into the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ashok
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Centre, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael Cusack
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Centre, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Saderne
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Centre, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Periyadan K Krishnakumar
- Marine Studies Section, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), P. B. No. 391, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Geosciences Department, The College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Rabaoui
- Marine Studies Section, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), P. B. No. 391, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Geosciences Department, The College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Qurban
- Marine Studies Section, Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), P. B. No. 391, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Geosciences Department, The College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Centre, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Agustí
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Red Sea Research Centre, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Yan D, Meng L, Li H, Song T, Sun P, Bao M, Li X. Petroleum hydrocarbon release behavior study in oil-sediment aggregates: turbulence intensity and chemical dispersion effect. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7922-7931. [PMID: 35521202 PMCID: PMC9061267 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of turbulence and oil dispersants on release of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-sediment aggregates. A kinetic study showed that the static oil release process could be fitted to the first-order kinetics model. The oil concentration increased with increasing temperature and salinity, while remaining independent of pH. The dispersant desorption ability of petroleum hydrocarbons followed the sequence of: Tween 80 > Tween 85 > Span 80 > DOSS. In the presence of turbulence, the maximum release ratio was 40.28%. However, the combination of dispersants and turbulence had a smaller effect than turbulence alone. Furthermore, residual n-alkanes and PAHs in the sediments were analyzed. The results showed higher proportions of C15–C35 and 2–3 ring PAHs in residual oil. These results can help assess the fate and distribution of oil spills in marine environments. This study investigated the effects of turbulence and oil dispersants on release of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-sediment aggregates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Long Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Haoshuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Tianwen Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Peiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Spill Oil Identification and Damage Assessment Technology
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center
- State Oceanic Administration
- Qingdao 266033
- China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Ximing Li
- Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute
- Shengli Oilfield Company
- Sinopec
- Dongying
- China
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12
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Perez-Umphrey AA, Bergeon Burns CM, Stouffer PC, Woltmann S, Taylor SS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in seaside sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus) following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1086-1094. [PMID: 29554730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus) is an abundant and permanent resident of coastal salt marshes impacted by the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Such terrestrial species are often overlooked in the aftermath of marine spills, despite the potential for long-term oil exposure. We sampled the livers of seaside sparrows residing in oiled and unoiled sites from 2011 to 2014 and quantified expression of cytochrome p450 1A (CYP1A), a gene involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In August 2011, CYP1A expression was markedly higher in birds from an oiled site compared to an unoiled site, but differences had disappeared by June 2012. In June 2013, CYP1A expression was elevated compared to 2012 levels on all sites, including those collected from sites that had not been directly oiled during the spill. This rise in CYP1A expression was possibly due to Hurricane Isaac, which made landfall near our sites between the 2012 and 2013 sampling periods. CYP1A expression was significantly attenuated again in June 2014. We also collected sediment samples from the same marshes for a total concentration analysis of PAHs. The PAH concentrations in sediment samples exhibited a similar pattern to the CYP1A data, supporting the link between marsh PAHs and bird CYP1A expression. These results indicate that contamination from marine oil spills can immediately extend to terrestrial ecosystems, and that storms, weather, or other factors may influence subsequent spatial and temporal oil exposure for several additional years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Perez-Umphrey
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, 227 RNR Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Christine M Bergeon Burns
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, 227 RNR Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Philip C Stouffer
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, 227 RNR Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Stefan Woltmann
- Department of Biology, and Center of Excellence for Field Biology, Austin Peay State University, 601 College St., Clarksville, TN, 37040, USA
| | - Sabrina S Taylor
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and AgCenter, 227 RNR Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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13
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Duan J, Liu W, Zhao X, Han Y, O'Reilly SE, Zhao D. Study of residual oil in Bay Jimmy sediment 5 years after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Persistence of sediment retained oil hydrocarbons and effect of dispersants on desorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1244-1253. [PMID: 29055591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill contaminated ~1,773km of the Gulf of Mexico shorelines. Yet, few field data are available on the long-term fate and persistency of sediment-retained oil. While an unprecedented amount of oil dispersants was applied, the effects of oil dispersants on desorption of field aged oil remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, distributions and physico-chemical availability of the oil retained in Bay Jimmy sediment, Louisiana, five years after the DwH oil spill, and to determine the effects of two model oil dispersants on the desorption potential of the residual oil. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment were analyzed and compared with those in the crude oil and the pre-DwH levels, and batch desorption kinetic tests were carried out to quantify the dispersant effects on the desorption rate and extent. The biomarker hopanes profile and diagnostic ratio were analyzed, which confirmed the origin and persistence of the sediment-retained oil. After five-year natural weathering, the oil level in the sediment remained orders of magnitude higher than the pre-spill level. Nearly all low-molecular-weight n-alkanes and 2-ring PAHs had been degraded. Oil dispersants, SPC 1000 and Corexit EC9500A, were able to enhance solubilization of the sediment-retained oil upon resuspension of the sediment. Successive desorption experiments indicated that 71.6% of TPHs, 74.8% of n-alkanes, and 91.9% of PAHs in the sediment remained highly stable and hardly desorbable by seawater; yet, addition of 18mg/L of SPC 1000 enhanced the desorption and lowered these fractions to 57.3%, 68.1%, and 81.4%, respectively. The findings are important for understanding the natural weathering rate and persistence of oil residual and the effects of dispersants on the physical and biological availabilities of aged oil in coastal sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Duan
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yuling Han
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - S E O'Reilly
- Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, GOM Region, Office of Environment, New Orleans, LA 70123, USA
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (BUCEA), Beijing 100044, PR China.
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14
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Hartzell SE, Unger MA, McGee BL, Wilson SM, Yonkos LT. Effects-based spatial assessment of contaminated estuarine sediments from Bear Creek, Baltimore Harbor, MD, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22158-22172. [PMID: 28712078 PMCID: PMC5693697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine sediments in regions with prolonged histories of industrial activity are often laden to significant depths with complex contaminant mixtures, including trace metals and persistent organic pollutants. Given the complexity of assessing risks from multi-contaminant exposures, the direct measurement of impacts to biological receptors is central to characterizing contaminated sediment sites. Though biological consequences are less commonly assessed at depth, laboratory-based toxicity testing of subsurface sediments can be used to delineate the scope of contamination at impacted sites. The extent and depth of sediment toxicity in Bear Creek, near Baltimore, Maryland, USA, was delineated using 10-day acute toxicity tests with the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus, and chemical analysis of trace metals and persistent organic pollutants. A gradient of toxicity was demonstrated in surface sediments with 21 of 22 tested sites differing significantly from controls. Effects were most pronounced (100% lethality) at sites proximate to a historic industrial complex. Sediments from eight of nine core samples to depths of 80 cm were particularly impacted (i.e., caused significant lethality to L. plumulosus) even in locations overlain with relatively non-toxic surface sediments, supporting a conclusion that toxicity observed at the surface (top 2 cm) does not adequately predict toxicity at depth. In seven of nine sites, toxicity of surface sediments differed from toxicity at levels beneath by 28 to 69%, in five instances underestimating toxicity (28 to 69%), and in two instances overestimating toxicity (44 to 56%). Multiple contaminants exceeded sediment quality guidelines and correlated positively with toxic responses within surface sediments (e.g., chromium, nickel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), total petroleum hydrocarbon). Use of an antibody-based PAH biosensor revealed that porewater PAH concentrations also increased with depth at most sites. This study informs future management decisions concerning the extent of impact to Bear Creek sediments, and demonstrates the benefits of a spatial approach, relying primarily on toxicity testing to assess sediment quality in a system with complex contaminant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hartzell
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, 1451 Animal Science Bldg, College Park, MD, 20742-2315, USA
| | - Michael A Unger
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, 1208 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Beth L McGee
- Chesapeake Bay Foundation, Philip Merrill Environmental Center, 6 Herndon Avenue, Annapolis, MD, 21403, USA
| | | | - Lance T Yonkos
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, University of Maryland, 1451 Animal Science Bldg, College Park, MD, 20742-2315, USA.
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15
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Williams AK, Bacosa HP, Quigg A. The impact of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous on responses of microbial plankton to the Texas City "Y" oil spill in Galveston Bay, Texas (USA). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 121:32-44. [PMID: 28545863 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing bioremediation research seeks to promote naturally occurring microbial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation during and after oil spill events. However, complex relationships among functionally different microbial groups, nutrients and PAHs remain unconstrained. We conducted a surface water survey and corresponding nutrient amendment bioassays following the Texas City "Y" oil spill in Galveston Bay, Texas. Resident microbial groups, defined as either heterotrophic or autotrophic were enumerated by flow cytometry. Heterotrophic abundance was increased by oil regardless of nutrient concentrations. Contrastingly, autotrophic abundance was inhibited by oil, but this reaction was less severe when nutrient concentrations were higher. Several PAH compounds were reduced in nutrient amended treatments relative to controls suggesting nutrient enhanced microbial PAH processing. These findings provide a first-look at nutrient limitation during microbial oil processing in Galveston Bay, an important step in understanding if nutrient additions would be a useful bioremediation strategy in this and other estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Williams
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, Department of Marine Biology, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77554, USA; Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, Department of Marine Biology, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77554, USA; The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Texas A&M University at Galveston, Department of Marine Biology, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77554, USA; Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, TX 77840, USA
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16
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Bosker T, van Balen L, Walsh B, Sepúlveda MS, DeGuise S, Perkins C, Griffitt RJ. The combined effect of Macondo oil and corexit on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) during early development. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:477-484. [PMID: 28708459 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1340208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH), oil spill an estimated 800 million L oil and 7.9 million L dispersant entered the environment. The potential adverse effects of the oil-dispersant mixture are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of this mixture on early development of sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), a small-bodied estuarine fish commonly found in the area affected by the DWH spill. Embryos were exposed to a chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction (CEWAF; 10:1 mixture of Macondo oil; Corexit 9500) for 48 hr, after which organisms were maintained in uncontaminated water for an additional 8 days. Impacts were assessed on embryonic (heart rate, development of eye pigmentation, embryonic movement measured) and larval (time to hatch, larval survival, standard length, and cyp1a gene expression) development. No significant alterations were found in survival, time to hatch or cyp1a at the end of the experiment. However, CEWAF induced significant decreases in heart rate of embryos, delayed development of eye pigmentation, reduced embryonic movement, and diminished standard length. These results indicate potential sublethal adverse consequences attributed to CEWAF exposure during early development, even in the absence of maintained cyp1a induction or survival rate, potentially affecting the fitness of organisms later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Bosker
- a Leiden University College, Leiden University , The Hague , The Netherlands
- b Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte van Balen
- a Leiden University College, Leiden University , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Brid Walsh
- a Leiden University College, Leiden University , The Hague , The Netherlands
| | - Marisol S Sepúlveda
- c Purdue University , Department of Forestry and Natural Resources , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Sylvain DeGuise
- d Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Chris Perkins
- e Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- f Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Technology , University of Southern Mississippi , Ocean Springs , MS , USA
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17
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Yuan L, Han L, Bo W, Chen H, Gao W, Chen B. Simulated oil release from oil-contaminated marine sediment in the Bohai Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:79-84. [PMID: 28222865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a high degree of heavy oil partitioning into marine sediments when an oil spill occurs. Contaminated sediment, as an endogenous pollution source, can re-pollute overlying water slowly. In this study, a static oil release process and its effects in marine sediment was investigated through a series of experiments with reproductive heavy oil-contaminated marine sediment. The oil release process was accurately simulated with a Lagergren first-order equation and reached equilibration after 48h. The fitted curve for equilibrium concentration (C0) and first-order rate constant (k1) for sediment pollution levels exhibited a first-order log relationship. The instantaneous release rate (dCtdt) was also calculated. The C0 increased with increases in temperature and dissolved organic matter (DOM), and decreasing salinity. The k1 increased with temperature, but was not affected by DOM and salinity. These results can be used to better understand the fate of heavy oil in contaminated sediments of the Bohai Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yuan
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; National Center of Oceanographic Standards and Metrology, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Longxi Han
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Key Laboratory of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Wenjie Bo
- Marine Environmental monitoring and Forecasting Center, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Hua Chen
- National Center of Oceanographic Standards and Metrology, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Wenshen Gao
- Marine Environmental monitoring and Forecasting Center, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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18
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Aliabadian M, Shadmehri Toosi A. Spatial distribution and composition of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hopanes in superficial sediments of the coral reefs of the Persian Gulf, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:195-223. [PMID: 28216134 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first quantitative report on petroleum biomarkers from the coral reefs systems of the Persian Gulf. 120 reef surface sediment samples from ten fragile coral reef ecosystems were collected and analyzed for grain size, biogenic elements, elemental ratios, and petroleum biomarkers (n-alkanes, PAHs1 and Hopanes) to assess the sources and early diagenesis of sedimentary organic matter. The mean grain size of the reef sediments ranged from 13.56 to 37.11% (Clay), 26.92 to 51.73% (Sand) and 35.97 to 43.85% (Silt). TOC2 (3.35-9.72 mg.g-1) and TON3 (0.4-1.10 mg.g-1) were identified as influencing factors on the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons, whilst BC4 (1.08-3.28 mg.g-1) and TIN5 (0.13-0.86) did not exhibit any determining effect. Although BC and TIN demonstrated heterogeneous spatial distribution, TOC and TON indicated homogenous distribution with continually upward trend in concentration from the east to west ward of the Gulf. The mean calculated TOC/TN ratios vacillated according to the stations (p < 0.05) from 2.96 at Shidvar Island to 8.64 at Hengam Island. The high TOC/TN ratios were observed in the Hengam (8.64), Kharg (8.04) and Siri (6.29), respectively, suggesting a predominant marine origin. The mean concentrations of ∑C11-35n-alkanes, ∑30 PAHs and ∑9Hopanes were found in the ranges of 385-937 μg.g-1dw, (overall mean:590 μg.g-1dw), 326-793 ng.g-1dw (499 ng.g-1dw), 88 to 568 ng.g-1 d (258 ng.g-1dw), respectively. Higher concentrations of detected petroleum biomarkers in reef sediments were chiefly distributed near main industrial areas, Kharg, Lavan and Siri, whilst the lower concentrations were in Hormoz and Qeshm. In addition, one-way ANOVA6 analysis demonstrated considerably significant differences (p < 0.05) among concentration of detected total petroleum hydrocarbons between most sampling locations. Some sampling sites especially Kharg, Lavan, Siri and Lark indicated higher concentration of n-alkanes due to the higher maintenance of organic matter by high clay content in the sediments. Furthermore, most sediment samples, except for Hormoz, Qeshm and Hengam showed an even carbon preference for n-alkanes which could be correlated to bacterial input. NPMDS7 analysis also demonstrated that among the congeners of petroleum biomarkers, n-C12,n-C14, n-C16,n-C18 and n-C20 for n-alkanes, Phe8 and Naph9 along with their Alkyl homologues for PAHs (2-3 rings accounted for 60%) and C30αβ and C29αβ for Hopanes were discriminated from their other congeners in the whole study area. Our results based on the PCA10 analysis and diagnostic indices of AHs11 and PAHs along with ring classification of PAHs, in addition, the ubiquitous presence of UCM,12 and Hopanes revealed that the main sources of the pollution were petroleum and petroleum combustion mainly from offshore oil exploration and extraction, discharge of pollutants from shipping activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, TarbiatModares University(TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, TarbiatModares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mansour Aliabadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Shadmehri Toosi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
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