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Beauchemin S, Avramescu ML, Levesque C, Rasmussen PE. Carcinogenic metal(loid)s in house dust compared to soil: Concentrations and gastric bioaccessibility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119175. [PMID: 38768886 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
As a sink and a source of chemicals, house dust represents a relevant medium to assess indoor exposure to metal(loid)s via incidental ingestion or inhalation. However, nationally representative indoor data are scarce. Results from the Canadian House Dust Study (CHDS, 2007-2010; n = 1025) provide nationally representative mean, median and 95th percentile concentrations for 38 elements in typical urban house dust, along with their gastric bioaccessibility. Total concentrations (median/95th percentile) of carcinogenic metal(loid)s in Canadian house dust (μg g-1) are as follows: As (9.0/40), Be (0.4/0.9), Cd (3.5/17), Co (5.6/19), Cr (99/214), Ni (62/322) and Pb (100/760). Total As and Pb concentrations in house dust exceed residential soil guidelines for the protection of human health in about one-third of Canadian homes. Percent bioaccessibilities (median) are: Cd (65%) > Pb (63%) > Be ∼ Ni (36%) > Co (35%) > As (20%) > Cr (15%). Lead, Cd and Co concentrations are significantly greater in older houses (< 1976). Data from two pilot studies (n = 66 + 51) further demonstrate the distinct geochemistry of house dust compared to soils, notably enrichment of carcinogenic metal(loid)s and their increased bioaccessibility. These results provide essential baseline values to refine risk assessment and inform on health risk at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Beauchemin
- Environmental Health Research Science Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9.
| | - Mary-Luyza Avramescu
- Environmental Health Research Science Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Christine Levesque
- Environmental Health Research Science Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Pat E Rasmussen
- Environmental Health Research Science Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
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Prokopciuk N, Taminskiene V, Vaideliene L, Juskiene I, Svist V, Valiulyte I, Valskys V, Valskiene R, Valiulis A, Aukstikalnis T, Vaidelys L, Butikis M, Norkuniene J, Tarasiuk N, Valiulis A. The incidence of upper respiratory infections in children is related to the concentration of vanadium in indoor dust aggregates. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1339755. [PMID: 38577275 PMCID: PMC10993999 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1339755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the disease-initiated and disease-mediated effects of aerosol pollutants can be related to concentration, site of deposition, duration of exposure, as well as the specific chemical composition of pollutants. Objectives To investigate the microelemental composition of dust aggregates in primary schools of Vilnius and determine trace elements related to acute upper respiratory infections among 6-to 11-year-old children. Methods Microelemental analysis of aerosol pollution was performed using dust samples collected in the classrooms of 11 primary schools in Vilnius from 2016 to 2020. Sites included areas of its natural accumulation behind the radiator heaters and from the surface of high cupboards. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, W, Sb, Sn, Zr, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr, V, and As) in dust samples were analyzed using a SPECTRO XEPOS spectrometer. The annual incidence rates of respiratory diseases in children of each school were calculated based on data from medical records. Results The mean annual incidence of physician-diagnosed acute upper respiratory infections (J00-J06 according to ICD-10A) among younger school-age children was between 25.1 and 71.3% per school. A significant correlation was found between vanadium concentration and the number of episodes of acute upper respiratory infections during each study year from 2016 to 2020. The lowest was r = 0.67 (p = 0.024), and the highest was r = 0.82 (p = 0.002). The concentration of vanadium in the samples of dust aggregates varied from 12.7 to 52.1 parts per million (ppm). No significant correlations between the other trace elements and the incidence of upper respiratory infections were found, which could be caused by a small number of study schools and relatively low concentrations of other heavy metals found in the samples of indoor dust aggregates. Conclusion A significant and replicable correlation was found between the concentration of vanadium in the samples of natural dust aggregates collected in primary schools and the incidence of acute upper respiratory infections in children. Monitoring the concentration of heavy metals in the indoor environment can be an important instrument for the prevention and control of respiratory morbidity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Prokopciuk
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Human Ecology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Taminskiene
- Human Ecology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laimute Vaideliene
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Izabele Juskiene
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitalija Svist
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indre Valiulyte
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Kantonsspital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Vaidotas Valskys
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roberta Valskiene
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Valiulis
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Aukstikalnis
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lukas Vaidelys
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Butikis
- Human Ecology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jolita Norkuniene
- Department of Mathematical Statistics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nikolaj Tarasiuk
- Human Ecology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Human Ecology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Clinic of Asthma, Allergy and Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Aguilera A, Gallegos Á, Luna V, Hernández L, Gutiérrez M, Amaro D, Goguitchaichvili A, Quintana P, Bautista F. Higher heavy metal contamination indoors than outdoors during COVID-19 in Mexico City. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16696-16709. [PMID: 38326683 PMCID: PMC10894124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
People spend most of their time indoors, especially during the coronavirus disease. Prolonged exposure to heavy metal-contaminated dust can be harmful to human health. The objectives of this study were to identify the contamination level in outdoor and indoor dust, compare contamination in both environments, and assess the human health risk. Two-hundred thirty-nine samples of dust were taken by Mexico City citizens in 38 homes on the weekends of May 2020. Heavy metal concentrations were measured through XRF. The contamination level was set using the contamination factor with a local and global background value, mixed linear models were used to identify indoor and outdoor differences, and USEPA human health risk methodology was used. Pb, Zn, and Cu had the highest contamination levels, followed by Sr and Mn, using both the local and global background values. The Pb, Zn, and Cu contamination was greater indoors, while higher Mn, Sr, and Fe were detected outdoors. According to the outdoor/indoor ratios, the main sources of Ca, Pb, Zn, and Cu must be indoors, while the main sources of Fe, Mn, Sr, Y, and Ti are outdoors. A human health risk was not detected, as the hazard index was lower than one. However, ailments can be developed due to exposure to Pb, Mn, and Fe in children (hazard index > 0.1). A higher risk due to Pb exposition was found indoors. Indoor environments in Mexico City were more contaminated by heavy metals and represented a higher risk to human health than outdoors during the pandemic isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Aguilera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, C.P, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Gallegos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, C.P, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Víctor Luna
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luciano Hernández
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Margarita Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Daniel Amaro
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Avto Goguitchaichvili
- Instituto de Geofísica, Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, C.P, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Patricia Quintana
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados. Carr. Mérida - Progreso, Loma Bonita, 97205, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Francisco Bautista
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, C.P, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Periférico Carlos A. Molina S/N Km. 3, Periférico Carlos A Molina SN, Ranchería Río Seco y Montaña, 86500, Heroica Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico.
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Kao CS, Wang YL, Jiang CB, Tai PJ, Chen YH, Chao HJ, Lo YC, Hseu ZY, Hsi HC, Chien LC. Assessment of sources and health risks of heavy metals in metropolitan household dust among preschool children: The LEAPP-HIT study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120015. [PMID: 38194873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The most common construction material used in Taiwan is concrete, potentially contaminated by geologic heavy metals (HMs). Younger children spend much time indoors, increasing HM exposure risks from household dust owing to their behaviors. We evaluated arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) concentrations in fingernails among 280 preschoolers between 2017 and 2023. We also analyzed HM concentrations, including As, Cd, Pb, chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), in 90 household dust and 50 road dust samples from a residential area where children lived between 2019 and 2021 to deepen the understanding of sources and health risks of exposure to HMs from household dust. The average As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in fingernails were 0.12 ± 0.06, 0.05 ± 0.05, and 0.95 ± 0.77 μg/g, respectively. Soil parent materials, indoor construction activities, vehicle emissions, and mixed indoor combustion were the pollution sources of HMs in household dust. Higher Cr and Pb levels in household dust may pose non-carcinogenic risks to preschoolers. Addressing indoor construction and soil parent materials sources is vital for children's health. The finding of the present survey can be used for indoor environmental management to reduce the risks of HM exposure and avoid potential adverse health effects for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sian Kao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Wang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, SanZhi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Tai
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zeng-Yei Hseu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Cecinato A, Romagnoli P, Cerasa M, Perilli M, Balducci C. Organic toxicants and emerging contaminants in hospital interiors before and during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic: alkanes and PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:9713-9731. [PMID: 38194174 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Indoor pollution and deposition dust (DD), in particular, are acquiring concern, due to long exposure time and importance of intake by humans through contact and ingestion. Hospitals look a special category of sites, owing to peculiar contaminants affecting them and to presence of people prone to adverse effects induced by toxicants. Four in-field campaigns aimed at understanding the chemical composition of DD were performed in five Italian hospitals. Measurements were performed before (autumn 2019), during (spring 2021), and after (winter 2022) the peak of SARS-CoV2 and when restrictions caused by pandemic were revoked (winter 2023). Parallel measurements were made outdoors (2022), as well as in a university and a dwelling. Targeted contaminants were n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), while iso- and anteiso-alkanes were analyzed to assess the impact of tobacco smoking. Total n-alkanes ranged from 3.9 ± 2.3 to 20.5 ± 4.2 mg/g, with higher percentages of short chain homologs in 2019. PAHs ranged from 0.24 ± 0.22 to 0.83 ± 0.50 mg/g, with light congeners (≤ 228 a.m.u.) always exceeding the heavy ones (≥ 252 a.m.u.). According to carbon preference indexes, alkanes originated overall from anthropogenic sources. Microorganisms resulted to affect a hospital, and tobacco smoke accounted for ~ 4-20‰ of DD mass. As for PAH sources, the diagnostic concentration ratios suggested the concourse of biological matter burning and vehicle emission. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent carcinogenic and mutagenic potencies of depositions at hospitals ranged ~ 9-39 μg/g and ~ 15-76 μg/g, respectively, which seems of concern for health. DD composition in hospitals was different from that outside the premises, as well as that found at university and at dwelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Cecinato
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria Km 29.3, P.O. Box 10, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
| | - Paola Romagnoli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria Km 29.3, P.O. Box 10, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Marina Cerasa
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria Km 29.3, P.O. Box 10, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Mattia Perilli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria Km 29.3, P.O. Box 10, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Catia Balducci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria Km 29.3, P.O. Box 10, 00015, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
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Somsunun K, Prapamontol T, Kuanpan T, Santijitpakdee T, Kohsuwan K, Jeytawan N, Thongjan N. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Indoor Household Dust in Urban and Rural Areas of Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand. TOXICS 2023; 11:1018. [PMID: 38133419 PMCID: PMC10747779 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Indoor exposure to heavy metals poses human health risks worldwide, but study reports from Thailand are still limited, particularly in rural and urban areas. We measured the heavy metals in a hundred indoor household dust samples collected from urban and rural areas in Chiang Mai and Lamphun provinces and found a significantly higher concentration of As in rural areas and Cd in urban areas with industrial activities. The source identification of the heavy metals showed significant enrichment from traffic emissions, paint, smoking, and mixed sources with natural soil. From health risk assessment models, children were more vulnerable to noncarcinogenic risks (HI = 1.45), primarily via ingestion (HQ = 1.39). Lifetime cancer risks (LCRs) due to heavy metal exposure were found in adults (LCR = 5.31 × 10-4) and children (LCR = 9.05 × 10-4). The cancer risks from As were higher in rural areas via ingestion, while Cr and Ni were higher in urban areas via inhalation and ingestion, respectively. This study estimated that approximately 5 out of 10,000 adults and 9 out of 10,000 children among the population may develop cancer in their lifetime from exposure to indoor heavy metals in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawinwut Somsunun
- Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (K.K.); (N.J.); (N.T.)
- PhD Degree Program in Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (K.K.); (N.J.); (N.T.)
| | - Todsabhorn Kuanpan
- Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (K.K.); (N.J.); (N.T.)
| | - Teetawat Santijitpakdee
- Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (K.K.); (N.J.); (N.T.)
| | - Kanyapak Kohsuwan
- Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (K.K.); (N.J.); (N.T.)
| | - Natwasan Jeytawan
- Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (K.K.); (N.J.); (N.T.)
| | - Nathaporn Thongjan
- Environment and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences (RIHES), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.S.); (T.K.); (T.S.); (K.K.); (N.J.); (N.T.)
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Castel R, Bertoldo R, Lebarillier S, Noack Y, Orsière T, Malleret L. Toward an interdisciplinary approach to assess the adverse health effects of dust-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s on preschool children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122372. [PMID: 37598934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Settled dust can function as a pollutant sink for compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s (MMs), which may lead to health issues. Thus, dust represents a hazard specifically for young children, because of their vulnerability and hand-to-mouth behavior favoring dust ingestion. The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of the season and the microenvironment on the concentrations of 15 PAHs and 17 MMs in indoor and outdoor settled dust in three preschools (suburban, urban, and industrial). Second, the potential sources and health risks among children associated with dust PAHs and MMs were assessed. Third, domestic factors (risk perception, knowledge and parental style) were described to explore protective parental behaviors toward dust hazards. The suburban preschool had the lowest concentrations of dust PAHs and MMs, while the industrial and urban preschools had higher but similar concentrations. Seasonal tendencies were not clearly observed. Indoor dusts reflected the outdoor environment, even if specific indoor sources were noted. Source analysis indicated mainly vehicular emissions, material release, and pyrogenic or industrial sources. The non-cancer health risks were non-existent, but potential cancer health risks (between 1.10-6 and 1.10-4) occurred at all sampling locations. Notably, the highest cancer risk was observed in a playground area (>1.10-4) and material release should be further addressed. Whereas we assessed higher risk indoors, parents perceived a higher risk in the open-air environment and at the preschool than at home. They also perceived a lower risk for their own children, revealing an optimism bias, which reduces parental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Castel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Marseille, France
| | - Raquel Bertoldo
- Aix Marseille Univ, LPS, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Stéphanie Lebarillier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Yves Noack
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Thierry Orsière
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Malleret
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Laboratoire Chimie Environnement, FR ECCOREV, ITEM, Aix-en-Provence, France.
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Abdulrahman N, Honda TJ, Ali A, Abdulrahman N, Vrinceanu D, Shishodia S. Impacts of Indoor Dust Exposure on Human Colonic Cell Viability, Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis. TOXICS 2023; 11:633. [PMID: 37505597 PMCID: PMC10383473 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental exposure to indoor dust is known to be associated with myriad health conditions, especially among children. Established routes of exposure include inhalation and non-dietary ingestion, which result in the direct exposure of gastrointestinal epithelia to indoor dust. Despite this, little prior research is available on the impacts of indoor dust on the health of human gastrointestinal tissue. METHODS Cultured human colonic (CCD841) cells were exposed for 24 h to standard trace metal dust (TMD) and organic contaminant dust (OD) samples at the following concentrations: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, and 500 µg/mL. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay and protease analysis (glycyl-phenylalanyl-aminofluorocoumarin (GF-AFC)); cytotoxicity was assessed with a lactate dehydrogenase release assay, and apoptosis was assessed using a Caspase-Glo 3/7 activation assay. RESULTS TMD and OD decreased cellular metabolic and protease activity and increased apoptosis and biomarkers of cell membrane damage (LDH) in CCD841 human colonic epithelial cells. Patterns appeared to be, in general, dose-dependent, with the highest TMD and OD exposures associated with the largest increases in apoptosis and LDH, as well as with the largest decrements in metabolic and protease activities. CONCLUSIONS TMD and OD exposure were associated with markers of reduced viability and increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human colonic cells. These findings add important information to the understanding of the physiologic effects of indoor dust exposure on human health. The doses used in our study represent a range of potential exposure levels, and the effects observed at the higher doses may not necessarily occur under typical exposure conditions. The effects of long-term, low-dose exposure to indoor dust are still not fully understood and warrant further investigation. Future research should explore these physiological mechanisms to further our understanding and inform public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Abdulrahman
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Trenton J Honda
- School of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ayat Ali
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Nabras Abdulrahman
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Daniel Vrinceanu
- Department of Physics, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Shishir Shishodia
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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Araja A, Bertins M, Celma G, Busa L, Viksna A. Distribution of Minor and Major Metallic Elements in Residential Indoor Dust: A Case Study in Latvia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6207. [PMID: 37444055 PMCID: PMC10341758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only brought considerable and permanent changes to economies and healthcare systems, but it has also greatly changed the habits of almost the entire society. During the lockdowns, people were forced to stay in their dwellings, which served as a catalyst for the initiation of a survey on the estimation of the metallic element content in residential indoor dust in different parts of Latvia. This article presents the study results obtained through the analysis of collected dust samples from 46 dwellings, both in the capital of Latvia, Riga, and in smaller cities. Two methods were employed for indoor dust collection: vacuum sampling and manual sampling with a brush and plastic spatula. After microwave-assisted acid extraction, the samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in terms of the major (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al and Fe) and minor (Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, Cr, As, Ba, Li, Be, B, V, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, La, Ce and Bi) elements. For the data analysis, principal component analysis was performed. Among the measured metals, the highest values were determined for the macro and most abundant elements (Na > K > Ca > Fe > Mg > Al). The concentration ranges of the persistently detected elements were as follows: Pb, 0.27-1200 mg kg-1; Cd, 0.01-6.37 mg kg-1; Ni, 0.07-513 mg kg-1; As, 0.01-69.2 mg kg-1; Cu, 5.71-1900 mg kg-1; Zn, 53.6-21,100 mg kg-1; and Cr, 4.93-412 mg kg-1. The critical limit values of metallic elements in soil defined by the legislation of the Republic of Latvia (indicating the level at or above which the functional characteristics of soil are disrupted, or pollution poses a direct threat to human health or the environment) were exceeded in the following numbers of dwellings: Pb = 4, Ni = 2, As = 1, Cu = 16, Cr = 1 and Zn = 28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Araja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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10
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Anake WU, Nnamani EA. Physico-chemical characterization of indoor settled dust in Children's microenvironments in Ikeja and Ota, Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16419. [PMID: 37251465 PMCID: PMC10220365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoor dust is a collection of particles identified as a major reservoir for several emerging indoor chemical pollutants. This study presents indoor dust particles' morphology and elemental composition in eight children's urban and semi-urban microenvironments (A-H) in Nigeria. Samples were collected using a Tesco vacuum cleaner and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The morphology results confirm the presence of alumino silicates, mineral particles and flakes, fly ash and soot, and soot aggregates deposited on alumino silicate particles in the sampled microenvironments. These particles may trigger serious health concerns that directly or indirectly affect the overall well-being of children. From the EDX analysis, the trend of elements (w/w %) in the dust particles across the sampled sites was silicon (386) > oxygen (174)> aluminium (114) > carbon (34.5) > iron (28.0) > calcium (16.7) > magnesium (14.2) > sodium (7.92) > potassium (7.58) > phosphorus (2.22) > lead (2.04) > manganese (1.17) > titanium (0.21). Lead (Pb), a toxic and carcinogenic heavy metal, was observed in locations A and B. This is a concern without a safe lead level because of the neurotoxicity effect on children. As a result, further research on the concentrations, bioavailability, and health risk assessment of heavy metals in these sampled locations is recommended. Furthermore, frequent vacuum cleaning, wet moping and adequate ventilation systems will significantly reduce the accumulation of indoor dust-bound metals.
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11
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Ibañez-Del Rivero C, Fry KL, Gillings MM, Barlow CF, Aelion CM, Taylor MP. Sources, pathways and concentrations of potentially toxic trace metals in home environments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115173. [PMID: 36584841 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite ongoing concerns about trace metal and metalloid (trace metals) exposure risks from indoor dust, there has been limited research examining their sources and relationship to outdoor soils. Here we determine the concentrations and sources for potentially toxic trace metals arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) and their pathways into homes in Sydney, Australia, using home-matched indoor dust (n = 166), garden soil (n = 166), and road dust samples (n = 51). All trace metals were more elevated indoors versus their matched garden soil counterparts. Indoor Cu and Zn dust concentrations were significantly more enriched than outdoor dusts and soils, indicating indoor sources were more relevant for these elements. By contrast, even though Pb was elevated in indoor dust, garden soil concentrations were correspondingly high, indicating that it remains an important source and pathway for indoor contamination. Elevated concentrations of As, Pb and Zn in garden soil and indoor dust were associated with home age (>50 years), construction materials, recent renovations and deteriorating interior paint. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) between road dust and garden soil Cu concentrations, and those of As and Zn in soil and indoor dust, and Pb across all three media suggest common sources. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of indoor dust samples (n = 6) showed that 57% of particles were derived from outdoor sources. Lead isotopic compositions of soil (n = 21) and indoor dust (n = 21) were moderately correlated, confirming the relevance of outdoor contaminants to indoor environments. This study illustrates the source, relationship and fate of trace metals between outdoor and indoor environments. The findings provide insight into understanding and responding to potentially toxic trace metal exposures in the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ibañez-Del Rivero
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Kara L Fry
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, Melbourne, Victoria, 3085, Australia
| | - Max M Gillings
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Cynthia F Barlow
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; The Australian Centre for Housing Research, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Economics, University of Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - C Marjorie Aelion
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Mark Patrick Taylor
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia; Environment Protection Authority Victoria, EPA Science, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, Melbourne, Victoria, 3085, Australia.
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12
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Wang M, Lv Y, Lv X, Wang Q, Li Y, Lu P, Yu H, Wei P, Cao Z, An T. Distribution, sources and health risks of heavy metals in indoor dust across China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137595. [PMID: 36563718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The potential effects of heavy metals on human health have attracted increasing attention as most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. Human exposure to heavy metals in indoor dust have only been characterised for limited regions in China, and full-scale data for different functional areas are not available. Therefore, this review analysed the concentrations, contamination characteristics, and potential health risks of seven heavy metals (including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd)) in indoor dust at 3392 sampling sites in 55 cities across 27 provincial regions of China based on literature data. Results revealed that the median heavy metal concentrations in indoor dust throughout China decreased in the following order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Cd. Traffic emissions and decorative materials are the primary sources of heavy metal pollution in indoor dust. No considerable non-carcinogenic risk was found for Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd in indoor dust, while Pb and As exhibited potential non-carcinogenic risks to children, primarily distributed in cities across Southern China. Meanwhile, the carcinogenic risks posed by Cr and Ni were higher than those posed by As and Cd, especially in Southern China. Therefore, effective measures in Southern China should prioritised for controlling Pb, Cr, Ni and As pollution in indoor dust to reduce human health risk. This review is useful for policy decision-making and protecting human from exposure to heavy metals in indoor dust across China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yinyi Lv
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xinyan Lv
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Qianhan Wang
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Lu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Pengkun Wei
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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Naimabadi A, Ghasemi A, Mohtashami M, Saeidi J, Bakaeian M, Haddad Mashadrizeh A, Azimi-Nezhad M, Mohammadi AA. Heavy metal analysis in of indoor and outdoor dust extracts and cytotoxicity evaluation and inflammation factors on lung, gastric and skin cell lines. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12414. [PMID: 36593833 PMCID: PMC9803783 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dust particles (DPs) are one of the most important public health concerns in the urban environment. The presence of heavy metals (HMs) on the surface of DPs might increase the health risk of exposure to the DPs. Accordingly, The purpose of this study was to examine the content of HMs in the outdoor and indoor DPs in Neyshabur city and assess the cytotoxic effects of DPs exposure on lung, gastric, and skin cell lines. To this end, the city was divided into three areas, high-traffic, medium-traffic, and low-traffic (rural). The average concentration of the HMs in the indoor DPs were as follows, 655.5 μg g-1 for Zn, 114.6 μg g-1 for Cu, 77.7 μg g-1 for Cr, 108.6 μg g-1 for Ni, 52 μg g-1 for Pb, 12 μg g-1 for Co, and 3.3 μg g-1 for Cd, while the average concentration of Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd in the outdoor DPs were 293.7 μg g-1, 200.6 μg g-1, 100.7 μg g-1, 68.4 μg g-1, 44.7 μg g-1, 18.6 μg g-1, 0.25 μg g-1, respectively. A higher concentration of HMs, as well as cytotoxicity, were revealed in the indoor samples compared to outdoor ones. The degree of cytotoxicity of DPs collected from high-traffic areas was higher than that of low and medium-traffic ones. In addition, treatment of AGS and L929 cells with indoor dust samples induced the expression level of inflammatory agents such as TNFα, IL6, and, CYP1A1 genes more than in outdoor dust samples (P < 0.05). Briefly, a higher level of HMs concentration and cytotoxicity effect on the given cell lines was observed in the samples taken from indoor environments and high-traffic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Naimabadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mohtashami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Brench, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Brench, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakaeian
- Instructor of Psychiatric Nursing, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Haddad Mashadrizeh
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran,Corresponding author.
| | - Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran,Corresponding author.
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Rasmussen PE, Kubwabo C, Gardner HD, Levesque C, Beauchemin S. Relationships between House Characteristics and Exposures to Metal(loid)s and Synthetic Organic Contaminants Evaluated Using Settled Indoor Dust. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10329. [PMID: 36011971 PMCID: PMC9408639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates associations between house characteristics and chemical contaminants in house dust, collected under the nationally representative Canadian House Dust Study (2007−2010). Vacuum samples (<80 µm fraction) were analysed for over 200 synthetic organic compounds and metal(loid)s. Spearman rank correlations between contaminant concentrations in dust and presence of children and pets, types of flooring, heating styles and other characteristics suggested a number of indoor sources, pointing to future research directions. Numerous synthetic organics were significantly associated with reported use of room deodorizers and with the presence of cats in the home. Hardwood flooring, which is a manufactured wood product, emerged as a source of metal(loid)s, phthalates, organophosphate flame retardants/plasticizers, and obsolete organochlorine pesticides such as ∑DDT (but not halogenated flame retardants). Many metal(loid)s were significantly correlated with flame-retardant compounds used in building materials and heating systems. Components of heating appliances and heat distribution systems appeared to contribute heat-resistant chemicals and alloys to settled dust. Carpets displayed a dual role as both a source and repository of dust-borne contaminants. Contaminant loadings (<80 µm fraction) were significantly elevated in heavily carpeted homes, particularly those located near industry. Depending on the chemical (and its source), the results show that increased dust mass loading may enrich or dilute chemical concentrations in dust. Research is needed to improve the characterisation of hidden indoor sources such as flame retardants used in building materials and heating systems, or undisclosed ingredients used in common household products, such as air fresheners and products used for companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat E. Rasmussen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Cariton Kubwabo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - H. David Gardner
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Christine Levesque
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Suzanne Beauchemin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, HECS Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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Gad A, Saleh A, Farhat HI, Dawood YH, Abd El Bakey SM. Spatial Distribution, Contamination Levels, and Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Household Dust in Cairo City, Egypt. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080466. [PMID: 36006146 PMCID: PMC9414935 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas’ pollution, which is owing to rapid urbanization and industrialization, is one of the most critical issues in densely populated cities such as Cairo. The concentrations and the spatial distribution of fourteen potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in household dust were investigated in Cairo City, Egypt. PTE exposure and human health risk were assessed using the USEPA’s exposure model and guidelines. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn surpassed the background values. Contamination factor index revealed that contamination levels are in the sequence Cd > Hg > Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Mo > Ni > Cr > Co > V > Mn > Fe > Al. The degree of contamination ranges from considerably to very high pollution. Elevated PTE concentrations in Cairo’s household dust may be due to heavy traffic emissions and industrial activities. The calculated noncarcinogenic risk for adults falls within the safe limit, while those for children exceed that limit in some sites. Cairo residents are at cancer risk owing to prolonged exposure to the indoor dust in their homes. A quick and targeted plan must be implemented to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gad
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Saleh
- National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo 11421, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Hassan I. Farhat
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, El Salam City 43518, Egypt
| | - Yehia H. Dawood
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Abd El Bakey
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11341, Egypt
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Kim D, Park JY, Lee DH, Lim JE, Moon HB, Kim S, Lee K. Simultaneous assessment of organophosphate flame retardants, plasticizers, trace metals, and house dust mite allergens in settled house dust. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13071. [PMID: 35904395 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Settled house dust (SHD) is a reservoir for various contaminants, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), trace metals, and house dust mite allergens. This study aimed to characterize various chemical and biological contaminants in SHD and identify determinants governing the indoor contaminants. In total, 106 SHD samples were collected from 106 houses in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, Korea, in 2021. Bedding dust samples were collected from 30 of these 106 houses. All participants completed a questionnaire comprised of housing and lifestyle-related factors. The samples were analyzed for 18 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 16 phthalates, five alternative plasticizers (APs), seven trace metals, and two house dust mite allergens (Dermatophagoides farinae type 1 [Der f1] and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus type 1 [Der p1]). A multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants governing the concentrations and profiles of various contaminants. OPFRs, phthalates, APs, and trace metals were detected in all SHD samples, indicating ubiquitous contamination in indoor environments. Among the three EDC groups, APs were detected at the highest concentrations (geometric mean [GM] (geometric standard deviation, [GSD]): 1452 (1.6) μg/g in total), followed by phthalates (GM (GSD): 676 (1.4) μg/g in total) and OPFRs (GM (GSD): 10 (1.4) μg/g in total). Der f1 was detected in all bedding dust samples with significantly higher levels than Der p1 (GM (GSD): 0.1 (1.8) μg/g vs. 1.4 × 10-3 (2.3) μg/g). The concentrations of OPFRs, plasticizers, and trace metals in SHD were significantly associated with the type and number of electronic appliances and combustion activities. Der f1 was significantly associated with the number of occupants and water penetration. Ventilation, vacuum cleaning, and wet cleaning or dry mopping significantly reduced the levels of most contaminants in SHD. As residents are persistently exposed to a wide array of pollutants, comprehensive and adequate measures are required to prevent potential exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Consulting & Technology for Environment Health and Safety, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Lim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Korsiak J, Pinault L, Christidis T, Burnett RT, Abrahamowicz M, Weichenthal S. Long-term exposure to wildfires and cancer incidence in Canada: a population-based observational cohort study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e400-e409. [PMID: 35550079 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfires emit many carcinogenic pollutants that contaminate air, water, terrestrial, and indoor environments. However, little is known about the relationship between exposure to wildfires and cancer risk. We aimed to assess the associations between residential exposure to wildfires and the incidence of several cancer outcomes (lung cancer, brain cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukaemia) in Canada. METHODS We did a population-based observational cohort study of participants in the 1996 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort. The 1996 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort is a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults, followed up for cancer incidence and mortality from 1996 to 2015. For this analysis, we excluded participants who lived in major Canadian cities (with a population size greater than 1·5 million people), recent immigrants, and individuals younger than 25 years or 90 years of age or older at baseline. Exposures to wildfires were assigned on the basis of area burned within a 20 km or 50 km radius of residential locations and updated for annual residential mobility. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between exposure to wildfires and specific cancers associated with carcinogenic compounds released by wildfires, including lung and brain cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukaemia, adjusted for many personal and neighbourhood-level covariates. FINDINGS Our analyses included more than 2 million people followed up for a median of 20 years, for a total of 34 million person-years. Wildfire exposure was associated with slightly increased incidence of lung cancer and brain tumours. For example, cohort members exposed to a wildfire within 50 km of residential locations in the past 10 years had a 4·9% relatively higher incidence (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·049, 95% CI 1·028-1·071) of lung cancer than unexposed populations, and a 10% relatively higher incidence (adjusted HR 1·100, 1·026-1·179) of brain tumours. Similar associations were observed for the 20 km buffer size. Wildfires were not associated with haematological cancers in this study, and concentration-response trends were not readily apparent when area burned was modelled as a continuous variable. INTERPRETATION Long-term exposure to wildfires might increase the risk of lung cancer and brain tumours. Further work is needed to develop long-term estimates of wildfire exposures that capture the complex mixture of environmental pollutants released during these events. FUNDING Canadian Institute for Health Research and Fonds de recherche du Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Korsiak
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lauren Pinault
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Richard T Burnett
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michal Abrahamowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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18
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Chávez-Franco DA, Luévano-Castro SC, Macías-Escobedo E, Hernández-Castillo A, Carlos-Hernández E, Franco-Ortíz A, Castro-Romero SP, Cortés-Flores M, Crespo-Cortés CN, Torres-Jardón R, Stommel EW, Rajkumar RP, Mukherjee PS. Metals, Nanoparticles, Particulate Matter, and Cognitive Decline. Front Neurol 2022; 12:794071. [PMID: 35126295 PMCID: PMC8815025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.794071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to metals is ubiquitous and emission sources include gasoline, diesel, smoke from wildfires, contaminated soil, water and food, medical implants, waste recycling facilities, subway exposures, and occupational environments. PM2.5 exposure is associated with impaired cognitive performance, neurobehavioral alterations, incidence of dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles are major emitters of metal-rich PM2.5 and nanoparticles in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC). Cognitive impairment was investigated in 336 clinically healthy, middle-class, Mexican volunteers, age 29.2 ± 13.3 years with 13.7 ± 2.4 years of education using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MoCA scores varied with age and residency in three Mexican cities with cognition deficits impacting ~74% of the young middle-class population (MoCA ≤ 25). MMC residents ≥31 years (x¯46.2 ± 11.8 y) had MoCA x¯20.4 ± 3.4 vs. low pollution controls 25.2 ± 2.4 (p < 0.0001). Formal education years positively impacted MoCA total scores across all participants (p < 0.0001). Residency in PM2.5 polluted cities impacts multi-domain cognitive performance. Identifying and making every effort to lower key pollutants impacting neural risk trajectories and monitoring cognitive longitudinal performance are urgent. PM2.5 emission control should be prioritized, metal emissions targeted, and neuroprevention interventions implemented early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.,Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elijah W Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Partha S Mukherjee
- Interdisciplinary Statistical Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
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