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Liu SH, Shaughnessy D, Leslie L, Abbott K, Abraham AG, McCann P, Saldanha IJ, Qureshi R, Li T. Social Determinants of Dry Eye in the United States: A Systematic Review. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 261:36-53. [PMID: 38242339 PMCID: PMC11031303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review to summarize current evidence on associations between social determinants of health (SDOH) indicators and dry eye in the United States. DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS We followed a protocol registered on Open Science Framework to include studies that examined associations between SDOH indicators and dry eye. We mapped SDOH indicators to 1 of the 5 domains following the Healthy People 2030 framework and categorized dry eye measures into "dry eye diagnosis and care," "dry eye symptoms," or "ocular surface parameters." We summarized the direction of association between SDOH indicators and dry eye as worsening, beneficial, or null. We used items from the Newcastle Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias. RESULTS Eighteen studies reporting 51 SDOH indicators, mostly mapped to the neighborhood and built environment domain, were included. Thirteen studies were judged at high risk of bias. Fifteen of 19 (79%) associations revealed an increase in the diagnosis of dry eye or delayed specialty care for it. Thirty-four of 56 (61%) associations unveiled exacerbated dry eye symptoms. Fifteen of 23 (65%) found null associations with corneal fluorescein staining. Ten of 22 (45%) associations revealed an increased tear break up time (45%) whereas another 10 (45%) showed null associations. CONCLUSIONS Most SDOH indicators studied were associated with unfavorable dry eye measures, such as a higher disease burden, worse symptoms, or delayed referral, in the United States. Future investigations between SDOH and dry eye should use standardized instruments and address the domains in which there is an evidence gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hsun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (S.H.L., L.L., K.A., P.M., R.Q., T.L.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Epidemiology (S.H.L., D.S., A.G.A., R.Q., T.L.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel Shaughnessy
- Department of Epidemiology (S.H.L., D.S., A.G.A., R.Q., T.L.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Louis Leslie
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (S.H.L., L.L., K.A., P.M., R.Q., T.L.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kaleb Abbott
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (S.H.L., L.L., K.A., P.M., R.Q., T.L.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alison G Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology (S.H.L., D.S., A.G.A., R.Q., T.L.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul McCann
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (S.H.L., L.L., K.A., P.M., R.Q., T.L.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian J Saldanha
- Department of Epidemiology (I.J.S.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Johns Hopkins Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis (I.J.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Riaz Qureshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (S.H.L., L.L., K.A., P.M., R.Q., T.L.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Epidemiology (S.H.L., D.S., A.G.A., R.Q., T.L.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tianjing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine (S.H.L., L.L., K.A., P.M., R.Q., T.L.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Epidemiology (S.H.L., D.S., A.G.A., R.Q., T.L.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Millen AE, Dighe S, Kordas K, Aminigo BZ, Zafron ML, Mu L. Air Pollution and Chronic Eye Disease in Adults: A Scoping Review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:1-10. [PMID: 36864662 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2183513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a scoping review of studies examining ambient air pollution as a risk factor for chronic eye disease influencing the lens, retina, and intraocular pressure in adults. METHODS Terms related to air pollution and eye disease outcomes were used to search for publications on Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Global Health, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1, 2010, through April 11, 2022. RESULTS We identified 27 articles, focusing on the following non-mutually exclusive outcomes: cataract (n = 9), presbyopia (n = 1), retinal vein occlusion or central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents (n = 5), intraocular pressure (IOP) (n = 3), glaucoma (n = 5), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n = 5), diabetic retinopathy (n = 2), and measures of retinal morphology (n = 3). Study designs included cross-sectional (n = 16), case-control (n = 4), and longitudinal (n = 7). Air pollutants were measured in 50% and 95% of the studies on lens and retina or IOP, respectively, and these exposures were assigned to geographic locations. Most research was conducted in global regions with high exposure to air pollution. Consistent associations suggested a possibly increased risk of cataract and retina-associated chronic eye disease with increasing exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5-PM10), NO2, NOx, and SO2. Associations with O3 were less consistent. CONCLUSIONS Accumulating research suggests air pollution may be a modifiable risk factor for chronic eye diseases of the lens and retina. The number of studies on each specific lens- or retina-related outcome is limited. Guidelines regarding the role of air pollution in chronic eye disease do not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shruti Dighe
- Department of Family Medicine, Allegheny Health Network Saint Vincent, Erie, PA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Boma Zelma Aminigo
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michelle L Zafron
- Health Sciences at Abbott Library, University Libraries, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Deng X, Qi W, Zhao S, Yang R, Zhang C, Huang Y. Effects of climate factors and Demodex infestation on meibomian gland dysfunction-associated dry eye diseases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:284. [PMID: 38168639 PMCID: PMC10762231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of climatic factors and Demodex infestations on meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-associated dry eye disease (DED) in a cross-sectional study. This study included 123 patients from Tianjin and Chengdu regions, and climate factors and the Air Quality Index (AQI) were recorded for one year. Ocular surface parameters and Demodex infestations were evaluated using various tests. Significant differences in all climatic factors and AQI were observed between Tianjin and Chengdu (P < 0.01), and ocular surface parameters also differed significantly between the two regions (P < 0.05). Temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation positively correlated with tear break-up time (BUT), meibum gland expressibility, and lid margin irregularity but negatively correlated with lissamine green staining scores (P < 0.05). Wind speed and atmospheric pressure positively correlated with corneal fluorescein staining and lissamine green staining but negatively correlated with BUT and lid margin irregularity (P < 0.05). AQI positively correlated with DED symptoms and corneal findings but negatively correlated with tear film stability and meibomian gland characteristics (P < 0.05). Demodex infestation was only positively correlated with meibum quality scores (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that geographic climates influence ocular surface characteristics in MGD-associated DED, with daily precipitation potentially playing a significant role, and Demodex infestation contributes to meibum gland degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Pengzhou People's Hospital Ophthalmology Department, Chengdu City, 611930, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ruibo Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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Somayajulu M, McClellan SA, Muhammed F, Wright R, Hazlett LD. PM 10 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: effects on corneal epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1240903. [PMID: 37868351 PMCID: PMC10585254 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1240903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In vivo data indicate that mouse corneas exposed to PM10 showed early perforation and thinning after infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To understand the mechanisms underlying this finding, we tested the effects of PM10 and the mitochondria targeted anti-oxidant SKQ1 in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCET) that were challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 19660. Methods Mouse corneas were infected with strain 19660 after a 2 week whole-body exposure to PM10 or control air and assessed by clinical scores, slit lamp photography and western blot. HCET were exposed to 100μg/ml PM10 for 24h before challenge with strain 19660 (MOI 20). A subset of cells were pre-treated with 50nM SKQ1 for 1h before PM10 exposure. Phase contrast microscopy was used to study cell morphology, cell viability was measured by an MTT assay, and ROS by DCFH-DA. Levels of pro-inflammatory markers and anti-oxidant enzymes were evaluated by RT-PCR, western blot and ELISA. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated by assay kits. Results In vivo, whole body exposure to PM10 vs. control air exposed mouse corneas showed early perforation and/or corneal thinning at 3 days post infection, accompanied by increased TNF-α and decreased SOD2 protein levels. In vitro, PM10 induced a dose dependent reduction in cell viability of HCET and significantly increased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to control. Exposure to PM10 before bacterial challenge further amplified the reduction in cell viability and GSH levels. Furthermore, PM10 exposure also exacerbated the increase in MDA and ROS levels and phase contrast microscopy revealed more rounded cells after strain 19660 challenge. PM10 exposure also further increased the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory molecules, while anti-inflammatory IL-10 was decreased. SKQ1 reversed the rounded cell morphology observed by phase contrast microscopy, increased levels of MDA, ROS and pro-inflammatory molecules, and restored IL-10. Conclusions PM10 induces decreased cell viability, oxidative stress and inflammation in HCET and has an additive effect upon bacterial challenge. SKQ1 protects against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by PM10 after bacterial challenge by reversing these effects. The findings provide insight into mechanisms underlying early perforation and thinning observed in infected corneas of PM10 exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linda D. Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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5
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Heilenbach N, Hu G, Lamrani R, Prasad J, Ogunsola T, Iskander M, Elgin CY, McGowan R, Vieira D, Al-Aswad LA. Environmental influences on ophthalmic conditions: A scoping review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:516-545. [PMID: 37309709 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors have been implicated in various eye pathologies. The purpose of this review is to synthesise the published research on environmental effects on eye disease. METHODS Four databases were searched for terms relating to environmental exposures and ophthalmic disease. Titles and abstracts were screened followed by full-text review. Data was extracted from 118 included studies. Quality assessment was conducted for each study. RESULTS Air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide, nitrites, sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone and hydrocarbons are associated with ocular conditions ranging from corneal damage to various retinopathies, including central retinal artery occlusion. Certain chemicals and metals, such as cadmium, are associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration. Climate factors, such as sun exposure, have been associated with the development of cataracts. Living in rural areas was associated with various age-related eye diseases whereas people living in urban settings had higher risk for dry eye disease and uveitis. CONCLUSION Environmental exposures in every domain are associated with various ophthalmic conditions. These findings underscore the importance of continued research on the interplay between the environment and eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Heilenbach
- Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Galen Hu
- Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Lamrani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Jaideep Prasad
- Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Titilola Ogunsola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mina Iskander
- Miller School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cansu Yuksel Elgin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Universitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Richard McGowan
- Health Sciences Library, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dorice Vieira
- Health Sciences Library, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Alves M, Asbell P, Dogru M, Giannaccare G, Grau A, Gregory D, Kim DH, Marini MC, Ngo W, Nowinska A, Saldanha IJ, Villani E, Wakamatsu TH, Yu M, Stapleton F. TFOS Lifestyle Report: Impact of environmental conditions on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:1-52. [PMID: 37062427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk factors that have an impact on the ocular surface were reviewed and associations with age and sex, race/ethnicity, geographical area, seasonality, prevalence and possible interactions between risk factors are reviewed. Environmental factors can be (a) climate-related: temperature, humidity, wind speed, altitude, dew point, ultraviolet light, and allergen or (b) outdoor and indoor pollution: gases, particulate matter, and other sources of airborne pollutants. Temperature affects ocular surface homeostasis directly and indirectly, precipitating ocular surface diseases and/or symptoms, including trachoma. Humidity is negatively associated with dry eye disease. There is little data on wind speed and dewpoint. High altitude and ultraviolet light exposure are associated with pterygium, ocular surface degenerations and neoplastic disease. Pollution is associated with dry eye disease and conjunctivitis. Primary Sjögren syndrome is associated with exposure to chemical solvents. Living within a potential zone of active volcanic eruption is associated with eye irritation. Indoor pollution, "sick" building or house can also be associated with eye irritation. Most ocular surface conditions are multifactorial, and several environmental factors may contribute to specific diseases. A systematic review was conducted to answer the following research question: "What are the associations between outdoor environment pollution and signs or symptoms of dry eye disease in humans?" Dry eye disease is associated with air pollution (from NO2) and soil pollution (from chromium), but not from air pollution from CO or PM10. Future research should adequately account for confounders, follow up over time, and report results separately for ocular surface findings, including signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, University of Campinas Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Penny Asbell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Murat Dogru
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Cantanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Grau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Darren Gregory
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - William Ngo
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Anna Nowinska
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ian J Saldanha
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edoardo Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Eye Clinic, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Tais Hitomi Wakamatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mitasha Yu
- Sensory Functions, Disability and Rehabilitation Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Muruganandam N, Mahalingam S, Narayanan R, Rajadurai E. Meandered and muddled: a systematic review on the impact of air pollution on ocular health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:64872-64890. [PMID: 37097565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
From the years 1970-2023, a systematic overview of the diverse consequences of particulate matter on eye health and a disease classification according to acute, chronic, and genetic are presented using the PubMed, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. Various studies on medical aspects correlate with the eye and health. However, from an application perspective, there is limited research on the ocular surface and air pollution. The main objective of the study is to uncover the relationship between eye health and air pollution, particularly particulate matter, along with other external factors acting as aggravators. The secondary goal of the work is to examine the existing models for mimicking human eyes. The study is followed by a questionnaire survey in a workshop, in which the exposure-based investigation was tagged based on their activity. This paper establishes a relationship between particulate matter and its influence on human health, leading to numerous eye diseases like dry eyes, conjunctivitis, myopia, glaucoma, and trachoma. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate that about 68% of the people working in the workshop are symptomatic with tears, blurred vision, and mood swings, while 32% of the people were asymptomatic. Although there are approaches for conducting experiments, the evaluation is not well defined; empirical and numerical solutions for particle deposition on the eye are needed. There prevails a broad gap in the arena of ocular deposition modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niveditha Muruganandam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Mahalingam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramsundram Narayanan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rauchman SH, Locke B, Albert J, De Leon J, Peltier MR, Reiss AB. Toxic External Exposure Leading to Ocular Surface Injury. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:vision7020032. [PMID: 37092465 PMCID: PMC10123707 DOI: 10.3390/vision7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface of the eye is directly exposed to the external environment, protected only by a thin tear film, and may therefore be damaged by contact with ambient particulate matter, liquids, aerosols, or vapors. In the workplace or home, the eye is subject to accidental or incidental exposure to cleaning products and pesticides. Organic matter may enter the eye and cause infection. Ocular surface damage can trigger a range of symptoms such as itch, discharge, hyperemia, photophobia, blurred vision, and foreign body sensation. Toxin exposure can be assessed clinically in multiple ways, including via measurement of tear production, slit-lamp examination, corneal staining, and conjunctival staining. At the cellular level, environmental toxins can cause oxidative damage, apoptosis of corneal and conjunctival cells, cell senescence, and impaired motility. Outcomes range from transient and reversible with complete healing to severe and sight-compromising structural changes. Classically, evaluation of tolerance and safety was carried out using live animal testing; however, new in vitro and computer-based, in silico modes are superseding the gold standard Draize test. This review examines how environmental features such as pollutants, temperature, and seasonality affect the ocular surface. Chemical burns to the eye are considered, and approaches to protect the ocular surface are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Locke
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Jacqueline Albert
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Morgan R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ 07753, USA
| | - Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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Gui SY, Qiao JC, Wang XC, Yang F, Hu CY, Tao FB, Yi XL, Jiang ZX. Long-term effects of meteorological factors and extreme weather on daily outpatient visits for conjunctivitis from 2013 to 2020: a time-series study in Urumqi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58041-58057. [PMID: 36977878 PMCID: PMC10047460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Conjunctivitis is a common multifactorial inflammatory ocular surface disease characterized by symptoms such as congestion, edema, and increased secretion of conjunctival tissue, and the potential effects of meteorological factors as well as extreme meteorological factors on conjunctivitis and their lagging effects have not been fully evaluated. We obtained the electronic case information of 59,731 outpatients with conjunctivitis from the Ophthalmology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Urumqi, Xinjiang, China) for the period from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. Meteorological data for daily mean temperature (°C), daily relative humidity (%), daily average wind speed (m/s), and atmospheric pressure (hPa) were obtained from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service. The air pollutant data were obtained from 11 standard urban background fixed air quality monitors. A time-series analysis design and a quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model combined with a distributed lagged nonlinear model (DLNM) were used to fit the effects of exposure to different meteorological factors and extreme weather on conjunctivitis outpatient visits. Subgroup analyses were performed on gender, age and season, and type of conjunctivitis. Univariate and multifactorial model results indicated that each 10-unit increase in mean temperature and relative humidity was associated with an increased risk of conjunctivitis outpatient visits, while each 10-unit increase in atmospheric pressure was associated with a decreased risk. The results of the extreme weather analysis suggested that extremely low levels of atmospheric pressure and relative humidity as well as extreme levels of temperature were associated with an increased risk of outpatient conjunctivitis visits, and extreme wind speeds were associated with a decreased risk. The results of the subgroup analysis suggested gender, age, and seasonal differences. We conducted the first large sample size time-series analysis in the large city furthest from the ocean in the world and confirmed for the first time that elevated mean temperature and extreme low levels of relative humidity in Urumqi were risk factors for local conjunctivitis outpatient visits, while elevated atmospheric pressure and extreme low levels of wind speed were protective factors, and there were lagged effects of temperature and atmospheric pressure. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jian-Chao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin-Chen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang-Long Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyu Shan Road, Ürümqi, 830011, China
| | - Zheng-Xuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Barrio AR, González-Pérez M, Heredia-Pastor C, Enríquez-Fuentes J, Antona B. Spanish Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Rasch Analysis and Validation of the Ocular Comfort Index (OCI) Questionnaire. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15142. [PMID: 36429862 PMCID: PMC9690133 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Ocular Comfort Index (OCI) assesses ocular surface irritation and grades the severity of dry eye disease. This study sought to adapt the OCI questionnaire into Spanish, and then to assess the psychometric performance and validity of the new adapted version (OCI-versión española, OCIVE). The questionnaire was translated, back translated, and then cross-culturally adapted for use with Spanish-speaking individuals. The OCIVE was completed by 450 participants, including 53 subjects that were diagnosed with dry eye disease. Through a Rasch analysis, the psychometric properties of item fit, targeting, person separation, reliability, and differential item functioning (DIF) were assessed. To test the convergent validity, we examined the correlation between the OCIVE and the Computer Vision Symptom Scale (CVSS17). Validity was tested in a subgroup of participants with and without dry eye, and test-retest repeatability was determined in a subset of 151 individuals. We also compared, via DIF, the performance of the OCIVE with that of the original OCI. Our Rasch analysis revealed a good model fit, high accuracy, good targeting, unidimensionality, and no DIF according to gender. The validity and repeatability were good. The OCIVE shows comparable psychometric properties to the original English version, making it a valid tool for measuring dry eye symptoms in Spanish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Barrio
- Optics and Optometry Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Applied Vision Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano González-Pérez
- Optics and Optometry Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Beatriz Antona
- Optics and Optometry Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
- Applied Vision Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Jing D, Jiang X, Zhou P, Ren X, Su J, Hao R, Zhang M, Wan Y, Li X. Evidence of air pollution-related ocular signs and altered inflammatory cytokine profile of the ocular surface in Beijing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18359. [PMID: 36319699 PMCID: PMC9626484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated how different degrees of air pollution affect the ocular surface of a cohort of human subjects in Beijing by correlating in-patient test outcomes with tear cytokines. A cross-sectional study involving 221 volunteers was carried out in different districts of Beijing. Air pollution indices were recorded for 7 d (including the visit day). The indices recorded were the air quality index (AQI), which is a dimensionless measure that quantitatively describes the state of air quality, concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The Ocular Symptom Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire provided. Subsequently, subjects underwent slit-lamp examination, which included meibomian gland examination, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctivochalasis grade, tear meniscus height (TMH), tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I test, and conjunctival impression cytology. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in tears were measured by microsphere-based immunoassay analysis. According to the value of the AQI, participants are divided into a slightly polluted (SP) group (n = 103) which the AQI value is less than or equal to 100 and a heavily polluted (HP) group (n = 118) whose AQI value is more than 100. Air pollution is related to ocular discomfort based on tear cytokine concentrations. PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were positively correlated with OSDI, MG expressibility, meibum score, meiboscore, conjunctival congestion score, Schirmer I test value, TMH, goblet-cell density, concentrations of IL-6, and VEGF were negatively correlated with TBUT. PM2.5 and PM10 appear to be the major risk factors to the ocular surface, with NO2 being another important risk factor based on this study. The symptoms and signs of eye discomfort in the SP group were significantly less severe than those in the HP group, and tear cytokine concentrations (IL-6 and VEGF) were lower. Air pollution degrees were significantly correlated with tear cytokine concentrations, indicating an alteration of cytokine balance at the ocular surface under different degrees of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalan Jing
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Su
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Hao
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhong Zhang
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wan
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Li
- grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.411642.40000 0004 0605 3760Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Chen Y, He YS, Feng YT, Wu ZD, Wang J, Yin KJ, Huang JX, Pan HF. The effect of air pollution exposure on risk of outpatient visits for Sjogren's syndrome: A time-series study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114017. [PMID: 35981608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence showed that air pollutants are associated with development and recurrence of autoimmune disorders, but there is scarce evidence regarding the relationship between air pollutants and Sjogren's syndrome (SS). We sought to investigate whether air pollutants affect the risk of outpatient visits for SS and to quantify the burden of SS visits attributable to air pollution exposure in Hefei, China. METHODS Daily data on outpatient visits for SS, air pollutants and meteorological data in Hefei, China, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 were obtained. A distributed lag non-linear model in conjunction with a generalized linear model were employed to assess the relationship between air pollution and SS outpatient visits. Stratified analyses were further performed by gender, age and season. Attributable fraction (AF) and attributable number (AN) were used to reflect disease burden. RESULTS There were 4501 records of outpatient visits for SS. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of SS outpatient visits (relative risk (RR) = 1.218, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.017-1.458, lag 0-14 day). An increase of 24 μg/m3 (interquartile range) in NO2 concentration was associated with 26.3% increase in the risk of SS outpatient visits (RR = 1.263, 95%CI: 1.105-1.445, lag 0-10 day). In contrast, exposure to O3 was associated with decreased risk of SS outpatient visits (RR = 0.692, 95%CI: 0.510-0.939, per 63 μg/m3 in O3 exposure, lag 0-27 day). Stratified analyses showed that females (vs. males) was more vulnerable to SS outpatient visits associated with NO2 and O3 exposure. SS patients aged ≥65 years (vs. aged <65 years) were susceptible to PM2.5 exposure. Exposure to PM2.5 or NO2 in the cold season was associated with higher risk of SS outpatient visits than that in the warm season. In addition, the AN (232, 95%CI: 119, 324) and AF (5.16%, 95%CI: 2.55%, 7.21%) of NO2 exposure were higher than those of PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION PM2.5 and NO2 exposure are associated with increased risk of SS outpatient visits, while O3 exposure appears to be associated with decreased risk of SS outpatient visits. The effect of air pollutants exposure on risk of SS outpatients can be modified by age, gender and season. The burden of SS outpatient visits attributable to NO2 exposure is higher than those attributable to PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Zheng-Dong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Kang-Jia Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Mei-Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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13
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Girshevitz O, Cohen-Sinai N, Zahavi A, Vardizer Y, Fixler D, Goldenberg-Cohen N. Trace Elements in Tears: Comparison of Rural and Urban Populations Using Particle Induced X-ray Emission. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101633. [PMID: 36294772 PMCID: PMC9605629 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the types and concentrations of trace elements in tears of individuals living in urban and rural environments using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and the possible association with exposure to air pollution and suggest a novel method for tear-based biomonitoring studies. This cross-sectional pilot study comprised 42 healthy subjects, 28 living in a rural area and 14 in an industrial city. Tears were collected with Schirmer paper and characterized by PIXE. Trace element concentrations from both eyes were averaged together with environmental pollution data. Main outcome measures were between-group differences in types and concentrations of trace elements in tears and comparison to environmental data. The rural group included 12/28 men, mean age 45.2 ± 14.8 years. The urban group consisted of 11/14 men of mean age 27 ± 5.9 years. Six rural and all urban were active smokers. Air pollution data showed more toxic elements in the rural environment. On PIXE analysis, chlorine, sodium, and potassium were found in similar concentrations in all samples. Normalizing to chlorine yielded higher values of aluminum, iron, copper, and titanium in the rural group; aluminum was found only in the rural group. The higher levels of certain trace elements in the rural group may, in part, be a consequence of exposure to specific environmental conditions. No direct association was found with air pollution data. PIXE is useful to analyze trace elements in tears, which might serve as a marker for individual exposure to environmental pollutants in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Girshevitz
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Noa Cohen-Sinai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 339419, Israel
| | - Alon Zahavi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center—Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yoav Vardizer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 339419, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 339419, Israel
- The Krieger Eye Research Laboratory, Bruce and Ruth Rapaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-8359554
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14
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Jaiswal S, Jalbert I, Schmid K, Tein N, Wang S, Golebiowski B. Smoke and the eyes: A review of the harmful effects of wildfire smoke and air pollution on the ocular surface. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119732. [PMID: 35839974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are occurring worldwide with greater frequency and intensity. Wildfires, as well as other sources of air pollution including environmental tobacco smoke, household biomass combustion, agricultural burning, and vehicular emissions, release large amounts of toxic substances into the atmosphere. The ocular surface is constantly exposed to the ambient air and is hence vulnerable to damage from air pollutants. This review describes the detrimental effects of wildfire smoke and air pollution on the ocular surface and resultant signs and symptoms. The latest relevant evidence is synthesised and critically evaluated. A mechanism for the pathophysiology of ocular surface damage will be proposed considering the existing literature on respiratory effects of air pollution. Current strategies to reduce human exposure to air pollutants are discussed and specific possible approaches to protect the ocular surface and manage air pollution induced ocular surface damage are suggested. Further avenues of research are suggested to understand how acute and chronic air pollution exposure affects the ocular surface including the short and long-term implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jaiswal
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Katrina Schmid
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Natasha Tein
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Wang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
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15
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Surface oculaire et pollution environnementale extérieure : revue systématisée de la littérature. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:784-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Hyun J, Ryu B, Jiang YF, Je JG, Yang HW, Yang F, Jeon YJ. Detrimental impact of fine dust on zebrafish: Investigating a protective agent against ocular-damage using in vitro and in vivo models. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133602. [PMID: 35032516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution caused by fine dust is becoming a global problem in the aquatic environment. Many studies have investigated the hazards that fine dust may pose to terrestrial organisms; however, information on the effects on aquatic environments remain limited. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of the fine dust associated with the captured powder or liquid state were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Raw fine dust (RFD), in the captured powder state, was suspended in water (SFD), and the elemental composition, morphology, and size distribution of both were analyzed. Zebrafish were used as a model to study the effects of SFD-exposure on aquatic organisms. A fatal malformation was observed in the integuments of zebrafish exposed to SFD, specifically in the exterior and interior eye tissues. Furthermore, the exposure of SFD to Tg (flk; EGFP) zebrafish remarkably increased ocular vessel diameter expansion along with blood flow velocity. Regarding vessel diameter expansion, EA.hy926 cells exposed to SFD were adversely affected, with a significant increase in cell migration and capillary-like structure formation, which are angiogenic markers. The SFD-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo was dramatically restored to normal via α/β-adenosine isolated from the anti-angiogenic brown algae Ishige okamurae extract. Taken together, the current study presents solid evidence of the altered physicochemical characteristics of SFD compared to RFD, and the detrimental impact of SFD in an aquatic in vivo zebrafish model. In addition, the protective effect of α/β-adenosine, a marine natural product, on SFD-induced angiogenesis suggests that it can be used as an agent to reduce the adverse effects of SFD on aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hyun
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Fei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; School of Food Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132101, China
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengqi Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Huang Q, Zheng Y, Zhang C, Wang W, Liao T, Xiao X, Wang J, Wang J. Association between asthma and dry eye disease: a meta-analysis based on observational studies. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045275. [PMID: 34893481 PMCID: PMC8666867 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review the relationship between dry eye disease (DED) and asthma based on published population-based studies. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science from their inception were searched up to October 2019. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies addressing the association between asthma and DED will be eligible. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently conducted the data extraction and quality assessment. We used a random-effects model for all analyses. Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity was performed to test the influence of ethnicity on the association. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Six independent studies (a total of 45 215 patients with asthma and 232 864 control subjects) were included in this review and had an average of seven stars by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Our current findings suggest that the prevalence of DED was higher in the asthma group than in the control group (Z=7.42, p<0.00001; OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.38). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, Australian, Caucasian and Asian patients with asthma showed an increased risk of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanlin Zheng
- Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjie Wang
- Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xili Xiao
- Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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García-Marqués JV, Talens-Estarelles C, García-Lázaro S, Wolffsohn JS, Cerviño A. Systemic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for dry eye disease in a mediterranean caucasian population. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101539. [PMID: 34789408 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess systemic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for dry eye disease (DED) in a Mediterranean Caucasian population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 120 Caucasian participants aged between 18 and 89 years (47.0 ± 22.8 years). Medical history, information regarding environmental conditions and lifestyle, Ocular Surface Disease Index, Dry Eye Questionnaire-5, non-Invasive (Oculus Keratograph 5 M) breakup time, tear film osmolarity and ocular surface staining parameters were assessed in a single clinical session to allow DED diagnosis based on the guidelines of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II Diagnostic Methodology Report. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed including those variables with a p-value less than 0.15 in the univariate analysis. RESULTS A prevalence of 57.7 % for DED was found. No age differences were found between those with and without DED (U = 1886.5, p = 0.243). Nevertheless, the DED group had more females (X2 = 7.033, p = 0.008). The univariate logistic regression identified as potential risk factors for DED the following: female sex, sleep hours per day, menopause, anxiety, systemic rheumatologic disease, use of anxiolytics, daily medication, ocular surgery, poor diet quality, more ultra-processed food in diet, not drinking caffeine and hours of exposure to air conditioning per day. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that hours of sleep per day, menopause and use of anxiolytics were independently associated with DED (p ≤ 0.026 for all). CONCLUSIONS DED is associated with systemic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. These findings are useful to identify potentially modifiable risk factors, in addition to conventional treatments for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vicente García-Marqués
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cristian Talens-Estarelles
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Santiago García-Lázaro
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alejandro Cerviño
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Spain; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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19
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Nättinen J, Aapola U, Nukareddy P, Uusitalo H. Looking deeper into ocular surface health: an introduction to clinical tear proteomics analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:486-498. [PMID: 34750985 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ocular surface diseases are becoming more prevalent worldwide. Reasons for this include the ongoing population ageing and increasing use of digital displays, although ophthalmologists have a wide selection of tools, which can be implemented in the evaluation of the ocular surface health, methods, which enable the in-depth study of biological functions are gaining more interest. These new approaches are needed, since the individual responses to ocular surface diseases and treatments can vary from person to person, and the correlations between clinical signs and symptoms are often low. Modern mass spectrometry (MS) methods can produce information on hundreds of tear proteins, which in turn can provide valuable information on the biological effects occurring on the ocular surface. In this review article, we will provide an overview of the different aspects, which are part of a successful tear proteomics study design and equip readers with a better understanding of the methods most suited for their MS-based tear proteomics study in the field of ophthalmology and ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janika Nättinen
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Ulla Aapola
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Praveena Nukareddy
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- SILK Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland
- Tays Eye Centre Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland
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20
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Song F, Hao S, Gu Y, Yao K, Fu Q. Research advances in pathogenic mechanisms underlying air pollution-induced ocular surface diseases. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021; 1:100001. [PMID: 37846395 PMCID: PMC10577819 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2021.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The harmful effect of aerial fine particulate matter(PM2.5)has been a serious public health issue and has attracted worldwide attention, especially in developing countries. Main Text Numerous previous clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that PM2.5 has a clear pathogenic effect on diseases related to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Recent researches have pointed out that PM2.5 plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and progression of ocular surface diseases. The current studies have shown that PM2.5 may promote the appearance of conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, dry eye, meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD) and other ocular surface diseases through regulating a series of mechanisms such as inflammation, immune reaction, oxidative stress, autophagy, cell migration, and epigenetics. Conclusions This review aims to summarize the current research progress on the pathogenic mechanism of PM2.5-related ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Song
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shengjie Hao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuzhou Gu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Hwang M, Han S, Seo JW, Jeon KJ, Lee HS. Traffic-related particulate matter aggravates ocular allergic inflammation by mediating dendritic cell maturation. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:661-673. [PMID: 33998398 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1922111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of traffic-related particulate matter (PM) on allergic inflammation of ocular surfaces. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide via intraperitoneal injection. Two weeks later, mice were challenged with eye drops containing OVA concomitant with either traffic-related PM2.5 or vehicle eye drops. Topical OVA challenges were administered following unilateral subconjunctival injection of magnetic-bead-sorted CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC). The following were assessed: (1) clinical signs, (2) infiltration of inflammatory cells into conjunctiva, (3) serum levels of OVA-specific IgE production, and (4) T-cell cytokine secretion with topical application of PM2.5, compared to saline vehicle. PM2.5 was found to increase production of OVA-specific IgE in serum and Th2 immune response-related cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17A, and IL-13 compared to vehicle control. It is of interest that PM2.5 treatment also elevated the population of mature DCs in draining lymph nodes (LNs). Exposure with PM2.5 was associated with a significant rise in conjunctival expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF. After subconjunctival injection of CD11c+DCs from PM2.5-treated allergic conjunctivitis (AC) mice into naïve mice, T cell responses and OVA-specific IgE were also enhanced. Data suggest that traffic-related PM2.5 exacerbated allergic conjunctivitis as evidenced by increased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the conjunctiva and Th2 responses in the draining LNs associated with enhanced maturation of DCs. Our findings provide new insight into the hazardous potential of traffic-related PM2.5 on allergic diseases, such as asthma or atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonwon Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Joon Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Exposure to Ambient NO 2 Increases the Risk of Dry Eye Syndrome in Females: An 11-Year Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136860. [PMID: 34206755 PMCID: PMC8296916 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that women suffer from dry eye syndrome (DES) more significantly than men. Therefore, we specifically explore the associations between air pollutant levels and the risks of DES for women. The study obtained 27,605 participants from the 29 recruitment centers of the Taiwan Biobank, which was established in October 2012. A large scale cross-sectional study involving DES sufferers and age- and education-matched control groups without DES was designed. Based on the municipality of residence, the predicted concentration levels of various air pollutants, including PM2.5, sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were estimated by using hybrid kriging/LUR model. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) of DES and 95% confidence interval. Hormone supplementations, DBP, allergies, and arthritis were considered as important comorbidities for increased PR risk of DES. In addition, with each standard deviation (SD) increment of PM2.5 and temperature, women had significant increases in PRs of DES of 1.09- and 1.07-fold, respectively; conversely, each SD increment of relative humidity (RH) had a protective effect against the risk of DES. After considering hormone supplementation, arthritis, and allergy, the SD increment of NO2 and temperature were associated with the PRs of DES. In conclusion, significant associations of ambient NO2 concentration, RH and temperature with DES indicated the importance of increased environmental protection in the female population. Female exposure to high levels of NO2 when receiving hormone supplementation, or suffering with allergies or arthritis, had significantly increased risk of DES.
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Yang BY, Guo Y, Zou Z, Gui Z, Bao WW, Hu LW, Chen G, Jing J, Ma J, Li S, Ma Y, Chen YJ, Dong GH. Exposure to ambient air pollution and visual impairment in children: A nationwide cross-sectional study in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124750. [PMID: 33341569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence concerning exposure to air pollution and visual impairment is scarce. We evaluated the associations of ambient air pollution with visual impairment and visual acuity levels in Chinese schoolchildren. We recruited 61,995 children from 7 provinces/municipalities across China. Concentrations of air pollutants (i.e., particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 1.0 µm [PM1], ≤ 2.5 µm [PM2.5], and 10 µm [PM10] as well as nitrogen dioxides [NO2]) were measured using machine learning methods. Visual acuity levels were measured using standard protocols. We used SAS PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC to assess the association between air pollution and visual impairment. An interquartile range increase in PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 was associated with a 1.133- (95% CI, 1.035-1.240), 1.267- (95% CI, 1.082-1.484), 1.142- (95% CI, 1.019-1.281), and 1.276-fold (95% CI, 1.173-1.388) increased odds of visual impairment, and the associations were stronger in children being boys, older, living in rural areas, and born to parents who had a lower educational level or smoked, compared to their counterparts. These results suggest that exposure to air pollution were positively associated with the odds of visual impairment, and the association may be modified by children's age, sex, and residential area as well as parental education level and cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaohuan Gui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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24
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Sendra VG, Tau J, Zapata G, Lasagni Vitar RM, Illian E, Chiaradía P, Berra A. Polluted Air Exposure Compromises Corneal Immunity and Exacerbates Inflammation in Acute Herpes Simplex Keratitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618597. [PMID: 33841400 PMCID: PMC8025944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental issue worldwide in developing countries’ megacities, affecting the population’s health, including the ocular surface, by predisposing or exacerbating other ocular diseases. Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The primary or recurring infection in the ocular site causes progressive corneal scarring that may result in visual impairment. The present study was designed to study the immunopathological changes of acute HSK under urban polluted air, using the acute HSK model combined with an experimental urban polluted air exposure from Buenos Aires City. We evaluated the corneal clinical outcomes, viral DNA and pro-inflammatory cytokines by RT-PCR and ELISA assays, respectively. Then, we determined the innate and adaptive immune responses in both cornea and local lymph nodes after HSV-1 corneal by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Our results showed that mice exposed to polluted air develop a severe form of HSK with increased corneal opacity, neovascularization, HSV-1 DNA and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and CCL2. A high number of corneal resident immune cells, including activated dendritic cells, was observed in mice exposed to polluted air; with a further significant influx of bone marrow-derived cells including GR1+ cells (neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes), CD11c+ cells (dendritic cells), and CD3+ (T cells) during acute corneal HSK. Moreover, mice exposed to polluted air showed a predominant Th1 type T cell response over Tregs in local lymph nodes during acute HSK with decreased corneal Tregs. These findings provide strong evidence that urban polluted air might trigger a local imbalance of innate and adaptive immune responses that exacerbate HSK severity. Taking this study into account, urban air pollution should be considered a key factor in developing ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Sendra
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Inmunopatología y Oftalmología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Tau
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Inmunopatología y Oftalmología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Zapata
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Inmunopatología y Oftalmología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina M Lasagni Vitar
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, CONICET-Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Illian
- Neurovirosis, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) Malbrán, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Chiaradía
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Inmunopatología y Oftalmología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Adenekan A, Ilo O, Alabi A, Aribaba O, Akinsola F. Prevalence and pattern of dry eye symptoms among “okada” riders in Southwest Nigeria using the ocular surface disease index: A cross sectional study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Abstract
Ocular surface pain is a frequent cause of visits to an eye care provider and has a substantial impact on healthcare cost, yet a complete understanding of its causative factors and tools for diagnostic workup are notably missing in many eye clinics. The cornea has the densest sensory innervation in the human body and has the potential to be a powerful producer of pain. Pain can manifest as a result of a noxious stimulus or disruption in the ocular surface anatomy (nociceptive pain), or it can result from abnormalities in the ocular surface neurosensory apparatus itself (neuropathic pain). Novel advances in neurobiology have sought to differentiate the two entities, particularly to identify when chronic dry eye symptomatology is driven by neuropathic ocular pain. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of the prevalence, physiologic factors, and management of ocular surface pain complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divy Mehra
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noah K Cohen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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27
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Prediction Model for Dry Eye Syndrome Incidence Rate Using Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors in South Korea: Analysis of Sub-Region Deviations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17144969. [PMID: 32664192 PMCID: PMC7399894 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17144969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we develop a dry eye syndrome (DES) incidence rate prediction model using air pollutants (PM10, NO2, SO2, O3, and CO), meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, and wind speed), population rate, and clinical data for South Korea. The prediction model is well fitted to the incidence rate (R2 = 0.9443 and 0.9388, p < 2.2 × 10−16). To analyze regional deviations, we classify outpatient data, air pollutant, and meteorological factors in 16 administrative districts (seven metropolitan areas and nine states). Our results confirm NO2 and relative humidity are the factors impacting regional deviations in the prediction model.
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28
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals associated with dry eye syndrome. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:487-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Goulart MFG, Alves AGF, Farhat J, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA, de Faria Coimbra Lichtenfels AJ, de Arruda Campos LM, Silva CAAD, Elias AM, Farhat SCL. Influence of air pollution on renal activity in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Nephrol 2020; 35:1247-1255. [PMID: 32346765 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is an autoimmune and multifactorial disease that can affect the renal system. Exposure to air pollution can trigger systemic inflammation in cSLE patients and increase risk of disease activity. We evaluated effects of individual real-time exposure to air pollutants on renal activity in cSLE patients using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000. METHODS Longitudinal panel study of 108 repetitive measures from 9 pediatric lupus patients. Over three consecutive weeks, daily individual levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured, as well as weekly clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. This was repeated every 10 weeks over a 1-year period. Specific generalized estimating equation models were used to evaluate the impact of these pollutants on risk of nephritis and anti-dsDNA > 20 UI/mL and on 24-h urine protein and serum complement (C3) levels. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) increase of 18.12 μg/m3 in PM2.5 daily concentration was associated with increased risk of nephritis and positive results for anti-dsDNA. Moreover, increase in 24-h urine protein and decrease in C3 serum levels also associated with exposure to pollutants. An IQR increase in PM2.57-day moving average was associated with increased risks of leukocyturia (3.4; 95% CI 2.6:4.3), positive anti-dsDNA (3.1; 95% CI 2.1:4.0), and 36.3-mg increase (95% IC 20.2:52.3) in 24-h urine protein. An IQR increase (63.1 μg/m3) in 7-day cumulative NO2 levels was associated with decreased serum C3 levels. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study suggests exposure to air pollution can trigger renal activity in cSLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Giacomin Goulart
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clınicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Guariento Ferreira Alves
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clınicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Farhat
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luis Ferreira Braga
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Graduate Program in Collective Health, Universidade Catolica de Santos, Santos, Brazil.,Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Graduate Program in Collective Health, Universidade Catolica de Santos, Santos, Brazil.,Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia de Faria Coimbra Lichtenfels
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Maria de Arruda Campos
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clınicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Artur Almeida da Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clınicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Rheumatology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maluf Elias
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Children's Institute, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clınicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Costa Lima Farhat
- Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clınicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lin X, Wu Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Xiang L, Dai Q, Fu Y, Zhao Y, Zhao YE. Characterization of Meibomian Gland Atrophy and the Potential Risk Factors for Middle Aged to Elderly Patients With Cataracts. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:48. [PMID: 32832253 PMCID: PMC7414668 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the characteristics of meibomian gland (MG) atrophy and its potential risk factors in the age-related cataract population. Methods Patients who underwent cataract surgery at age 40 or older were enrolled in this study. Preoperative clinical measurement records were obtained, including lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, noninvasive breakup time, and meiboscore. The meibomian gland atrophy ratio (MGAR) was measured by the ImageJ software. Univariate regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for MG atrophy. Results Female patients had less atrophy of the MG compared with male patients. The MGAR, meiboscore, tear meniscus height (TMH), and lipid layer thickness (LLT) gradually increased with age. However, the noninvasive breakup time decreased with age. The multivariate regression analysis indicated that dyslipidemia and increased triglyceride levels were identified as independent protective factors for MG atrophy. We further stratified the model by sex, and the following results showed only in the female patients with dyslipidemia and increased triglyceride had decreased MG atrophy. No significant correlation was observed between MG atrophy and tear film parameters including TMH, noninvasive breakup time, and LLT. Conclusions Our study suggests that age, sex, and diabetes are potential risk factors for MG atrophy. In addition, dyslipidemia and increased triglyceride levels are independent protective factors for MG atrophy in the elderly female population. Translational Relevance MG atrophy is the leading cause of meibomian gland dysfunction. To study the characteristics and risk factors of MG atrophy in cataract patients would be helpful to predict and prevent postoperative development of MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Lin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqin Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyu Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linfeng Xiang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Dai
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yana Fu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinying Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-e Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Center for Clinical and Medical Research, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Idarraga MA, Guerrero JS, Mosle SG, Miralles F, Galor A, Kumar N. Relationships Between Short-Term Exposure to an Indoor Environment and Dry Eye (DE) Symptoms. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1316. [PMID: 32370240 PMCID: PMC7290742 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Air composition influences Dry Eye (DE) symptoms as demonstrated by studies that have linked the outdoor environment to DE. However, there is insufficient data on the effect of short-term exposure to indoor environments on DE symptoms. We conducted a prospective experimental research, in which an older building served as an experimental site, and a newer building served as the control site. Indoor air quality was monitored in both buildings. One-hundred-and-ninety-four randomly selected individuals were interviewed in the afternoon exiting the buildings and de-identified responses were recorded. Self-reported DE symptoms were modeled with respect to experimental and control buildings, adjusting for potential confounders. The experimental site had 2-fold higher concentration of airborne particulate matter (24,436 vs. 12,213 ≥ 0.5 µm/ft3) and microbial colonies (1066 vs. 400/m3), as compared to the control building. DE symptoms were reported by 37.5% of individuals exiting the experimental and 28.4% exiting the control building. In the univariate analysis, subjects exiting the experimental building were 2.21× more likely to report worsening of DE symptoms since morning compared to the control building (p < 0.05). When adjusting for confounders, including a history of eye allergy, subjects from the experimental building were 13.3× more likely to report worsening of their DE symptoms (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to adverse indoor environmental conditions, specifically air pollution and bioaerosols, has an acutely negative impact on DE symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Idarraga
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.A.I.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Juan S. Guerrero
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.A.I.); (J.S.G.)
| | - Samantha G. Mosle
- Environmental Health Division, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.G.M.); (F.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Frank Miralles
- Environmental Health Division, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.G.M.); (F.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.A.I.); (J.S.G.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Environmental Health Division, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (S.G.M.); (F.M.); (N.K.)
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Lee HS, Han S, Seo JW, Jeon KJ. Exposure to Traffic-Related Particulate Matter 2.5 Triggers Th2-Dominant Ocular Immune Response in a Murine Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082965. [PMID: 32344779 PMCID: PMC7215477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM), a major component of air pollution, aggravates ocular discomfort and inflammation, similarly to dry eye disease (DED) or allergies. However, the mechanism(s) by which PM induces the ocular inflammatory response is unknown. This study investigated the immunological response of traffic-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the ocular surface in a murine model. C57BL/6 mice were exposed by topical application to PM2.5 or vehicle for 14 days to induce experimental environmental ocular disease. Corneal fluorescein staining and the number of ocular inflammatory cells were assessed in both groups. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the ocular surface were evaluated by real-time PCR. An immunohistochemical assay evaluated apoptosis and goblet cell density. ELISA was used to determine the levels of serum IgE and cytokines of Type 1 helper (Th1) and Type 2 helper (Th2) cells after in vitro stimulation of T cells in the draining lymph nodes (LNs). Exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 significantly increased corneal fluorescein staining and cellular toxicity in the corneal epithelium compared with the vehicle control. A significant increase in the number of CD11b+ cells on the central cornea and mast cells in the conjunctiva was observed in the PM2.5 group. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a significant increase in the corneal or conjunctival expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, and MUC5AC compared to the vehicle, and increased maturation of dendric cells (DCs) (MHC-IIhighCD11c+) in draining LNs. In addition, PM2.5 exposure increased the level of serum IgE and Th2 cytokine production in draining LNs on day 14. In conclusion, exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 caused ocular surface damage and inflammation, which induced DC maturation and the Th2-cell-dominant allergic immune response in draining LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6861; Fax: +82-2-533-3801
| | - Sehyun Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.H.); (K.-J.J.)
| | - Jeong-Won Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gyeonggi-do 18450, Korea;
| | - Ki-Joon Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.H.); (K.-J.J.)
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33
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Lu P, Zhang Y, Xia G, Zhang W, Li S, Guo Y. Short-term exposure to air pollution and conjunctivitis outpatient visits: A multi-city study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113030. [PMID: 31554141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjunctivitis has hazardous effects on patients' quality of life through influencing school performance, work productivity, and daily activities such as driving. However, limited evidence is available on the contributory role of air pollution on conjunctivitis, particularly in China. METHODS We obtained data of 81,351 conjunctivitis outpatients from the largest comprehensive hospitals of four cities, China, between Jan 1, 2013 and Dec 31, 2014. Data on air pollutants, including particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were collected from China National Environmental Monitoring Centre. Conjunctivitis outpatient visits were linked with air pollution concentrations by the visiting dates. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression model was used to examine the effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on conjunctivitis outpatient visits. RESULTS We found that the associations between air pollutants (per 10 μg/m3 increase) and hospital outpatient visits for asthma were [odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals]: 1.004(1.002-1.007) for PM2.5, 1.004 (1.002-1.005) for PM10, 1.012(1.005-1.020) for NO2, 1.006 (1.001-1.011) for SO2, and 1.007 (1.003-1.010) for O3, respectively at lag0 day. Outpatients aged 35-64 years showed significant associations with exposure to PM2.5 (1.005, 1.001-1.010), PM10 (1.005, 1.002-1.008), NO2 (1.014, 1.003-1.026), and O3 (1.005, 1.000-1.011), while those aged 15-34 years showed significant associations with exposure to O3 (1.010, 1.004-1.017). CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to air pollution has impacts on outpatient visits for conjunctivitis in China. This study suggests that improving air quality could protect eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxin Xia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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34
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A Gutiérrez M, Giuliani D, A Porta A, Andrinolo D. Relationship between Ocular Surface Alterations and Concentrations of Aerial Particulate Matter. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2019; 14:419-427. [PMID: 31875096 PMCID: PMC6825693 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v14i4.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate ocular surface alterations in two populations at different exposure levels to particulate matter (PM) in their living and work environments. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 78 volunteers from Argentina who lived and worked under different pollution levels in an urban (U; n = 44) or industrial zone (I; n = 34). Mean exposure level to PM was evaluated. Responses to the Ocular Symptom Disease Index and McMonnies questionnaire were obtained from all subjects. Subsequently, an assessment through the Schirmer I test (ST), slit lamp microscopy, vital staining, and tear breakup time was conducted. Statistical analyses with Chi-square and Bartlett's tests, as well as Student's t-tests and principal component analysis (PCA), were performed. Results Particles of size < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) level was significantly higher in the I group than the U group (P = 0.04). Ocular surface parameters including bulbar redness, eyelid redness, and the degree of vital staining with fluorescein (SF) and lissamine green (SLG) exhibited difference between the groups. With regards to the tear film, statistically significant differences in the ST value and meibomian gland dysfunction between the groups were detected (P = 0.003 and P = 0.02, respectively). Conjunctival SF and SLG, and ST values were identified as factors which could distinguish groups exposed to different PM levels. Conclusion Subjects exposed to higher levels of PM in the outdoor air presented greater ocular surface alterations. Thus, ST, SF, and SLG values could be used as convenient indicators of adverse health effects due to exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Gutiérrez
- University Extension Environmental Programme (PAEU), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Center for Environmental Research (CIM), UNLP - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Giuliani
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), UNLP - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Atilio A Porta
- Center for Environmental Research (CIM), UNLP - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Darío Andrinolo
- University Extension Environmental Programme (PAEU), Faculty of Exact Sciences, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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35
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Ruan Z, Qian ZM, Guo Y, Zhou J, Yang Y, Acharya BK, Guo S, Zheng Y, Cummings-Vaughn LA, Rigdon SE, Vaughn MG, Chen X, Wu F, Lin H. Ambient fine particulate matter and ozone higher than certain thresholds associated with myopia in the elderly aged 50 years and above. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108581. [PMID: 31323395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Although myopia has been largely ignored among the elderly population, there is an increased risk of myopia with advancing age. Ambient air pollution is one potential contributor to vision impairments, but few epidemiological studies have demonstrated such an association. This cross-sectional survey collected the information of 33,626 subjects aged ≥50 years in six developing countries during 2007-2010. Myopia was identified based on questions related to symptoms of myopia. The annual concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were estimated with the satellite data and chemical transport model. We examined the associations between the two pollutants and myopia using mixed-effect Poisson regression models with robust variance estimation (sandwich estimation). We observed J-shaped associations between the two pollutants and myopia, and identified 12 and 54 μg/m3 as the threshold concentrations. The adjusted prevalence ratio was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.21) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.38) for each standard deviation (SD) increase in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations above their threshold, respectively. In addition, the interaction analysis suggested a synergistic interaction of these two pollutants on myopia in the additive model, with a synergistic index of 1.81 (Bootstrapping 95% CI: 0.92, 4.94). Our results indicate that long-term exposures to PM2.5 and O3 might be important environmental risk factors of myopia in the elderly, and suggest that more efforts should be taken to reduce airborne PM2.5 and O3 levels to protect vision health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Guangzhou Woman and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bipin Kumar Acharya
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shu Guo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Lenise A Cummings-Vaughn
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven E Rigdon
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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36
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Abstract
PURPOSE Our eyes are chronically exposed to airborne particulate matter shown to adversely affect the ocular surface. This research examines size, type (organic vs. inorganic), and elemental composition of particles recovered from the ocular surface in 2 environments and their associations with dry eye (DE) metrics. METHODS Particles were recovered from the right eye using Schirmer strips obtained both in the clinic and home environments 9 ± 8 days apart. Particle size and elemental composition were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The paired t test was used to evaluate the differences in the size and types of ocular surface particles recovered from the clinic and home settings. Associations of particle size and type with home environmental conditions and DE measures were evaluated using correlation analyses. RESULTS The mean age of the 15 patients was 56 years, standard deviation (±) 12 years; 93% were men and 53% self-identified as white. Size, type, and elemental composition did not vary significantly between clinic and home. Particle surface area was marginally associated with home indoor temperature (25 °C ± 2, ρ=-0.53, P = 0.06) and significantly associated with the select DE signs: tear osmolality (304 mOsm/L ± 14, ρ= -0.60, P = 0.02), inflammation (0.7 ± 0.8, ρ = 0.53, P = 0.04), and tear breakup time (7 seconds ± 3, ρ = 0.56, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Ocular surface particles were consistently detected across 2 different environments. Greater particle area detected on Schirmer strips correlated with some DE measures, suggesting that particles detected on the ocular surface may affect eye health.
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37
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Investigating the potential of carboxymethyl pullulan for protecting the rabbit eye from systematically induced precorneal tear film damage. Exp Eye Res 2019; 184:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Xue Z, Jia C. A Model-to-Monitor Evaluation of 2011 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA). TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7010013. [PMID: 30857354 PMCID: PMC6468659 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Environmental research has widely utilized the ambient concentrations of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) modeled by the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) program; however, limited studies have evaluated the model’s performance. This study aims to evaluate the model-to-monitor agreement of the 2011 NATA data with the monitoring data reported to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Air Quality System (AQS). Concentrations of 27 representative HAPs measured at 274 sites in the U.S. in 2011 were merged with NATA data by census tract. The comparison consisted of two steps for each HAP: first, the model-monitor difference at each site was compared with the limit of quantitation (LOQ); second, the modeled annual average was compared to the 95% confidence interval of the monitored annual average. Nationally, NATA could predict national medians of most HAPs well; however, it was unable to capture high concentrations. At individual sites, a large portion of model-monitor differences was below the LOQs, indicating they were unquantifiable. Model-to-monitor agreement displayed inconsistent patterns in terms of chemical groups or EPA regions and was strongly impacted by the comparison methods. The substantial non-agreements of NATA predictions with monitoring data require caution in environmental epidemiology and justice studies that are based on NATA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Xue
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Chunrong Jia
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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39
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Lin H, Guo Y, Ruan Z, Yang Y, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Cummings-Vaughn LA, Rigdon SE, Vaughn MG, Sun S, Zhang L, Wang X, Qian ZM, Wu F. Ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 and their combined effects on prevalence of presbyopia among the elderly: A cross-sectional study in six low- and middle-income countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:168-173. [PMID: 30469062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollutant directly contacts with the eyes, however, the effect of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) on vision impairment, such as presbyopia, has been kept largely unknown. METHODS We surveyed a total of 36,620 participants aged 50 years and above in six low- and middle-income countries. Ambient annual concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 for the residential community were estimated using satellite data and chemical transport model. A mixed effects model was utilized to assess the effects of ambient PM2.5 and O3 on presbyopia, as well as their combined effects. RESULTS A total of 13,841 presbyopia cases were identified among the participants with a prevalence rate of 41.17%. For both PM2.5 and O3, we found a J-shaped exposure-response relationship with the threshold being identified at 15 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 55 μg/m3 for O3. The odds ratio (OR) of presbyopia was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.21) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 above 15 μg/m3 and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.54) for O3 above 55 μg/m3 after adjusting for various potential confounding factors. There appeared to be a synergistic interaction between ambient PM2.5 and O3 on presbyopia in the additive model, the combined effect was significantly larger than the sum of their individual effects, with a synergistic index of 2.39. CONCLUSION This study supports that exposures to ambient PM2.5 and O3 might be important risk factors of presbyopia among old adults, and simultaneously exposure to high level of the two pollutants could intensify their individual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Chen
- Medical Genetic Center Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Xing Nan Street, Panyu, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lenise A Cummings-Vaughn
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, School of Medicine, Washington University-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven E Rigdon
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Fan Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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40
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Dermer H, Galor A, Hackam AS, Mirsaeidi M, Kumar N. Impact of seasonal variation in meteorological conditions on dry eye severity. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:2471-2481. [PMID: 30555221 PMCID: PMC6278710 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s181637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare dry eye (DE) diagnosis patterns by season in Miami vis-a-vis the US and examine differences in DE symptoms and signs by season in Miami. Patients and methods US veteran affairs (VA) patient visits with ICD-9 codes for DE (375.15) and routine medical examination (V70.0) from 2010 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the seasonal pattern of DE diagnosis. A total of 365 patients with normal ocular anatomy were prospectively recruited from the Miami VA eye clinic from 2014 to 2016 for the assessment of symptoms and signs. Results While DE visit prevalence in Miami was about 10% lower than that of the rest of the country (22.5% vs 33.7%), Miami had roughly four times higher variability in DE visit prevalence throughout the year than the US. Peak values for DE symptoms in the Miami cohort aligned with peak DE prevalence seen in the retrospective sample, occurring in spring and fall. A similar, but less dramatic, pattern was noted with DE signs. The seasonal pattern in DE symptoms remained even after controlling for confounders including demographics and medication use. Conclusion DE symptoms, and to a lesser degree signs, varied by month, with the highest severity of symptoms occurring in spring and fall, which corresponded with peak allergy season and weather fluctuations, respectively. These findings have important implications for season-specific diagnosis, treatment, and management of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Dermer
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Eye Care (Ophthalmology), Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Ophthalmology Department, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Ophthalmology Department, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Eye Care (Ophthalmology), Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Ophthalmology Department, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA.,Divison of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Public Health Sciences, Environmental Health Division, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA,
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41
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Pontelli RCN, Souza MCO, Fantucci MZ, de Andrade M, Rocha EM. The role of endocrine disruptors in ocular surface diseases. Med Hypotheses 2018; 122:157-164. [PMID: 30593402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are a group of compounds that occur in increasing amounts in the environment. These compounds change the hormone homeostasis of the target organs regulated by those hormones, mostly by binding to their receptors and affecting their signaling pathways. Among the hormones altered by endocrine disruptors are sex hormones, thyroid hormones, and insulin. Studies have documented abnormalities in the reproductive and metabolic systems of various animal species exposed to endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disruptors can play a significant role in ocular diseases once hormone deficiency or excess are involved in the mechanism of that disease. Cataracts, dry eye disease and retinal diseases, such as macular hole and diabetic retinopathy, are some of the frequent problems where hormones have been implicated. We found that some compounds function as endocrine disruptors in the metabolism of body organs and systems. The increasing frequency of dry eye and other ocular diseases indicates the need to better investigate the potential relationships beyond the isolated associations mentioned by patients and documented as rare case reports. The evidence from case-control studies and experimental assays can provide the information necessary to confirm the endocrine effects of these chemicals in the pathophysiology of dry eye disease. We hypothesize that endocrine disruptors may contribute to the increase of ocular diseases, such as dry eye disease, in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina C N Pontelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília C O Souza
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyzes, ASTox - Laboratory of Analytical and Systems Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Z Fantucci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica de Andrade
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Rocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Yang Q, Tang L, Shen M, Wang Y, Wei Y, Jeyalatha V, Chen P, Dong F, Wang G, Wu S, Liu Z, Li C. Effects of diesel exhaust particles on the condition of mouse ocular surface. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:585-593. [PMID: 30077156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on the ocular surface, different concentrations (100 and 1000 μg/ml) of DEP eye drops were administered on the mouse ocular surface for a period of 28 days. After DEP treatment, the corneal epithelial permeability to Oregon Green Dextran was studied, which increased proportionally with time. Also, the number of corneal epithelial cell layers significantly increased, which was accompanied with a high Ki67 expression. On the other hand, the number of goblet cells in the conjunctival fornix were reduced, and apoptotic cells were detected in the corneal and conjunctival epithelium by TUNEL assay in the DEP treated group, along with increased Caspase 3/8 expression. Furthermore, the number of CD4 positive cells significantly increased in the conjunctiva, while NF-κB p65 (phospho S536) expression was elevated in the cornea and also the conjunctiva. Our data revealed that the topical administration of DEP on the ocular surface in mouse disrupted the organized structure of the ocular surface and induced an inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Yang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mei Shen
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yanzi Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ya Wei
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Vimalin Jeyalatha
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shuiping Wu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Tesone AI, Lasagni Vitar RM, Tau J, Maglione GA, Llesuy S, Tasat DR, Berra A. Volcanic ash from Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex and Calbuco promote a differential response of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators on human conjunctival epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:87-97. [PMID: 30014900 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic ash could pose a hazard to the ocular surface as it is constantly exposed to environmental particles. We exposed conjunctival cells to Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex (PCCVC) or Calbuco ash particles and evaluated proliferation, viability, apoptosis, MUC1 expression, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers. Ash particles from these volcanoes vary in size, composition, and morphology. Our results demonstrate that PCCVC but not Calbuco ash particles induce cytotoxicity on human conjunctival epithelial cells viewed as a decrease in cell proliferation and the transmembrane mucin MUC1 expression; a pro-inflammatory response mediated by IL-6 and IL-8; and an imbalance of the redox environment leading to protein oxidative damage. This is the first in vitro study that assesses the biological effect of volcanic ash particles on human conjunctival epithelial cells and the involvement of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress as the mechanisms of damage. Our results could provide a better understanding of the ocular symptoms manifested by people living near volcanic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina I Tesone
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Pathology Department, Ocular Investigation Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Romina M Lasagni Vitar
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, General and Inorganic Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - University of Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Phisicochemistry Department, General and Inorganic Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia Tau
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Pathology Department, Ocular Investigation Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Maglione
- National University of San Martín, School of Science and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires, School of Dentistry, Department of Histology and Embryology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Llesuy
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, General and Inorganic Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - University of Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Phisicochemistry Department, General and Inorganic Chemistry Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- National University of San Martín, School of Science and Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina; University of Buenos Aires, School of Dentistry, Department of Histology and Embryology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Pathology Department, Ocular Investigation Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Association between Dry Eye Disease, Air Pollution and Weather Changes in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102269. [PMID: 30332806 PMCID: PMC6210160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) has become a common eye disease in recent years and appears to be influenced by environmental factors. This study aimed to examine the association between the first occurrence of DED, air pollution and weather changes in Taiwan. We used the systematic sampling cohort database containing 1,000,000 insureds of the National Health Insurance of Taiwan from 2004 to 2013, and identified a total of 25,818 eligible DED subjects. Environmental data, including those of air pollutants, temperature and relative humidity, were retrieved from the environmental monitoring stations adjacent to subjects’ locations of clinics as exposure information. We applied the case-crossover design, which used the same subjects experiencing exposures on diagnosis days as cases and those on other days as controls. The descriptive statistics showed that the first occurrences of DED were the most for the elderly by age (53.6%), women by gender (68.9%), and spring by season (25.9%). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses indicated that carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and temperature were positively associated with DED (p < 0.05), while relative humidity was negatively related (p < 0.001). Because CO and NO2 together are considered a surrogate of traffic emission, which is easier to control than the uprising temperature, it is suggested that efficient management and control of traffic emission may lower the probability of DED occurrence.
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Fagehi R. Impact of environmental adaptation on tear film assessments. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:231-237. [PMID: 29602450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ocular environmental adaptation on clinical tear film assessment. METHOD Thirty subjects (male, mean age 23±2.5) participated in this study. A number of clinical tear film tests were applied, including: fluorescein tear break-up time (FTBUT), Schirmer test and tear prism height test (TPH). The tear physiology of each subject was evaluated twice, once immediately when they arrived from the external environment, and then after 30minutes adaptation in the exam room environment. RESULTS The mean values were: Schirmer test A (22.1±2.99), Schirmer test B (24.2±2.63), FTBUT A (8.00±1.94), FTBUT B (9.13±2.04), TPH A (0.179±0.026) and TPH B* (0.187±0.023). Statistical testing using Wilcoxon-signed rank test showed a significant difference between the Schirmer test results measured at the different times (P=0.008). Also, the FTBUT and tear prism height test results showed significant differences between the two evaluation times, (P=0.001, 0.011, respectively) (A: tear assessed when the subject comes from the outside environment, B: tear film assessed after 30min adaptation in the clinical environment). CONCLUSION This study showed a significant difference between the tear film test results evaluated when the subjects were assessed immediately from the outside environment and after an adaptation time in the clinic environment. Practitioners must consider the effect of differences between external and clinical environment adaptation on clinical tear film physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fagehi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud university, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Jung SJ, Mehta JS, Tong L. Effects of environment pollution on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2018; 16:198-205. [PMID: 29510225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The twenty-first century is fraught with dangers like climate change and pollution, which impacts human health and mortality. As levels of pollution increase, respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular ailments become more prevalent. Less understood are the eye-related complaints, which are commonly associated with increasing pollution. Affected people may complain of irritation, redness, foreign body sensation, tearing, and blurring of vision. Sources of pollution are varied, ranging from gases (such as ozone and NO2) and particulate matter produced from traffic, to some other hazards associated with indoor environments. Mechanisms causing ocular surface disease involve toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Homeostatic mechanisms of the ocular surface may adapt to certain chronic changes in the environment, so affected people may not always be symptomatic. However there are many challenges associated with assessing effects of air pollution on eyes, as pollution is large scale and difficult to control. Persons with chronic allergic or atopic tendencies may have a pre-existing state of heightened mucosal immune response, hence they may have less tolerance for further environmental antigenic stimulation. It is beneficial to identify vulnerable people whose quality of life will be significantly impaired by environmental changes and provide counter measures in the form of protection or treatment. Better technologies in monitoring of pollutants and assessment of the eye will facilitate progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Ji Jung
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Calonge M, Labetoulle M, Messmer EM, Shah S, Akova YA, Boboridis KG, Merayo-Lloves J, Aragona P, Benítez-Del-Castillo J, Geerling G, Rolando M, Baudouin C. Controlled Adverse Environment Chambers in Dry Eye Research. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:445-450. [PMID: 29336696 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1420197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common condition with signs and symptoms that vary depending on a wide range of environmental factors to which people are exposed in their daily lives. Factors such as variable temperature, airflow velocity, relative humidity, seasonality, and pollutants can alter the rate of tear film evaporation, improving or exacerbating symptoms of DED. Results from currently available clinical tests do not always correlate well with patient-reported symptoms, and the continually changing environment and variability in DED symptoms present challenges for the design and conduct of clinical trials. Controlled adverse environment chambers allow standardization of temperature, humidity, and airflow and may minimize potential confounding factors in clinical investigations. Their use can promote accurate study of the pathophysiology of DED, discovery of disease biomarkers, and assessment of the effect of various therapeutic approaches on patients' symptoms. Controlled adverse environment chambers have been used to simulate indoor surroundings such as airplane cabins and to test their effects on contact lens wearers. This review summarizes how these chambers may be useful for the development, approval, and differentiation of potential new treatments for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Calonge
- a Instituto Oftalmobiologia Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid , Valladolid , Spain.,b CIBER-BBN , Valladolid , Spain
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Bicêtre University Hospital , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France
| | - Elisabeth M Messmer
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Ludwig Maximilian University , Munich , Germany
| | - Sunil Shah
- e Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre , Birmingham City Hospital , Birmingham , UK
| | - Yonca A Akova
- f Department of Ophthalmology , Bayindir Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Kostas G Boboridis
- g Oculoplastic and Ocular Surface Disease , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- h Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, University of Oviedo , Oviedo , Spain
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- i Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | | | - Gerd Geerling
- k Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- l Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
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Kang SY, Kang B, Kim HM, Song JS. Effect of Particulate Matter on the NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Ocular Tissues and Cervical Lymph Nodes. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2018.59.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Myung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Paudel N, Adhikari S, Manandhar S, Acharya A, Thakur A, Shrestha B. Ocular surface symptoms among individuals exposed to ambient levels of traffic derived air pollution - a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2017; 6:2167. [PMID: 30356451 PMCID: PMC6178909 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13483.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The ocular surface is separated by a thin layer of tear film from outdoor air pollutants making individuals exposed to outdoor air pollution prone to various ocular surface disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of ocular surface disorders symptoms among traffic police officers of Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: Two hundred traffic police officers working at different traffic police office branches of Kathmandu, Nepal were invited to the police headquarters for eye and vision examination. Among them, 91 individuals (95% males) completed the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent Schirmer's I tear test. Results: Symptoms of ocular surface disorders were reported by over 80% of the individuals. Approximately two fifths of the individuals (38%) reported severe symptoms. Only 17% of the individuals' tear secretion was found to be below normal using the Schirmer's tear test. There was no association between the OSDI score and Schirmer's tear test scores (r = 0.008, p = 0.94). A weak but significant relationship was observed between the OSDI score and job duration (r=0.21,p = 0.04). Individual exposed to outdoor air pollution for more than 10 years had higher odds of reporting ocular surface complaints as compared to those who were exposed for less than 10 years (OR = 3.94, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Ocular surface disorder symptoms are common among traffic police officers of Kathmandu, Nepal. The duration of exposure appears to significantly contribute to the increased symptoms in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Paudel
- Drishti Eye Care Center, Kathmandu, 44620, Nepal
| | | | | | | | - Ajit Thakur
- Drishti Eye Care Center, Kathmandu, 44620, Nepal
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Paudel N, Adhikari S, Manandhar S, Acharya A, Thakur A, Shrestha B. Ocular surface symptoms among individuals exposed to ambient levels of traffic derived air pollution - a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2017; 6:2167. [PMID: 30356451 PMCID: PMC6178909 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13483.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ocular surface is separated by a thin layer of tear film from outdoor air pollutants making individuals exposed to outdoor air pollution prone to various ocular surface disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of ocular surface disorders symptoms among traffic police officers of Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods: Two hundred traffic police officers working at different traffic police office branches of Kathmandu, Nepal were invited to the police headquarters for eye and vision examination. Among them, 91 individuals (95% males) completed the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent Schirmer's I tear test. Results: Symptoms of ocular surface disorders were reported by over 80% of the individuals. Approximately two-fifths of the individuals (38%) reported severe symptoms. Only 17% of the individuals' tear secretion was found to be below normal using the Schirmer's tear test. No significant association was observed between the OSDI score and Schirmer's tear test scores (r = 0.008, p = 0.94). A weak but significant relationship was observed between the OSDI score and job duration (r=0.21,p = 0.04). Individual exposed to outdoor air pollution for more than 10 years had higher odds of reporting ocular surface complaints as compared to those who were exposed for less than 10 years (OR = 3.94, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Ocular surface disorder symptoms are common among traffic police officers of Kathmandu, Nepal. The duration of exposure appears to significantly contribute to the increased symptoms in this exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Paudel
- Drishti Eye Care Center, Kathmandu, 44620, Nepal
| | | | | | | | - Ajit Thakur
- Drishti Eye Care Center, Kathmandu, 44620, Nepal
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