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Naraki K, Keshavarzi M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The Protective Effects of Taurine, a Non-essential Amino Acid, Against Metals Toxicities: A Review Article. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04191-8. [PMID: 38735894 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid derived from cysteine. It is involved in several phenomena such as the regulation of growth and differentiation, osmoregulation, neurohormonal modulation, and lipid metabolism. Taurine is important because of its high levels in several tissues such as the central nervous system (CNS), heart, skeletal muscles, retinal membranes, and platelets. In this report, we present the functional properties of taurine indicating that it has potential effects on various metal toxicities. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review was performed using the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. According to the search keywords, 61 articles were included in the study. The results indicate that taurine protects tissues against metal toxicity through enhancement of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, modulation of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, involvement in different molecular pathways, and interference with the activity of various enzymes. Taken together, taurine is a natural supplement that presents antitoxic effects against many types of compounds, especially metals, suggesting public consumption of this amino acid as a prophylactic agent against the incidence of metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Berköz M, Yiğit A, Krośniak M. Protective Role of Myricetin and Fisetin Against Nephrotoxicity Caused by Lead Acetate Exposure through Up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signalling Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-023-03977-6. [PMID: 38051478 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of various flavonoids against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by lead exposure has been investigated. However, the protective effects of myricetin (MYC) and fisetin (FST), which are known to have potent antioxidant properties, against nephrotoxicity caused by exposure to lead acetate (LA), the water-soluble form of lead, have not been investigated. Our study investigated the protective role of these flavonoids against LA intoxication-induced nephrotoxicity. In our study, 42 male rats were used. The rats were randomly selected and divided into 6 groups. These groups were: control, LA (100 g/kg), LA + MYC (100 mg/kg), LA + MYC (200 mg/kg), LA + FST (100 mg/kg) and LA + FST (200 mg/kg). All chemicals were administered daily by gavage for 28 days. According to the experimental protocol, the animals were sacrificed and their kidney tissues were isolated. Serum biochemical parameters, histological examinations, levels of several trace elements, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters at both biochemical and molecular levels in kidney tissues were examined. After LA administration, tissue lead levels increased and zinc levels decreased. This situation was reversed by MYC and FST treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response were increased in the kidney tissue of LA-treated rats and renal function was impaired. It was observed that both doses of MYC and high dose of FST could prevent nephrotoxicity. Oral administration of both doses of MYC and high dose FST ameliorated the changes in biochemical, oxidative and inflammatory parameters. Restoration of normal renal tissue architecture was also demonstrated by histological studies. MYC and FST were found to have promising biological activity against LA-induced nephrotoxicity, acting by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Berköz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Zeve Campus, Tuşba/VAN, Turkey.
| | - Ayhan Yiğit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Zeve Campus, Tuşba/VAN, Turkey
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Perfluorooctanoic acid affects mouse brain and liver tissue through oxidative stress. ARHIV ZA HIGIJENU RADA I TOKSIKOLOGIJU 2022; 73:148-157. [PMID: 35792765 PMCID: PMC9287837 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress induced by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the brain and liver tissues of Balb/c mice as well as protective effects of taurine and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in both organs. For this purpose, animals were treated with PFOA (15 and 30 mg/kg) orally and their lipid peroxidation, total glutathione levels (GSH), and antioxidant enzyme activities measured and both tissues analysed for histopathological changes. Our results showed a dose-dependent decrease in body weight and increase in relative brain and liver weights, PFOA-induced lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the brain tissue, and changes in GSH levels, GPx, superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver tissue. Pre-treatment with taurine or CoQ10 provided protection against PFOA-induced Cu-Zn SOD reduction in the liver tissue. Our findings evidence the depleting effect of PFOA on antioxidative systems and confirm that PFOA exerts its (neuro)toxicity through oxidative stress, but further research is needed to identify the exact toxicity mechanisms, especially in the brain.
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Coremen M, Turkyilmaz IB, Us H, Us AS, Celik S, Ozel A, Bulan OK, Yanardag R. Lupeol inhibits pesticides induced hepatotoxicity via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113068. [PMID: 35483487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating the toxicity of various pesticides on rat liver. It also aimed to show whether this toxicity could be avoided using lupeol. Adult male Wistars albino rats were randomly divided into nine groups. Control groups were given saline, corn oil, and lupeol; pesticide groups were given malathion, chlorpyrifos, and tebuconazole; in the other three treatments, same doses of pesticides and lupeol were given to the rats for ten days. Histopathological examination showed severe degenerative changes in the pesticide groups. Serum AChE activities, liver GSH, total antioxidant capacity levels, AChE, CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, Na+/K+-ATPase, ARE, and PON were decreased, while serum TNF-α, liver LPO, HP, NO, AOPP, total oxidant status, ROS, and oxidative stress index levels as well as AST, ALT, ALP, GST, arginase and xanthine oxidase activities were increased in the pesticides administered groups. It was observed that the PCNA levels determined by the immunohistochemical method increased in the pesticide groups. Also, the results Raman spectroscopy suggest that the technique may be used to understand/have an insight into pesticide toxicity mechanisms. The administration of lupeol demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect against pesticide-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Coremen
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Us
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Sezen Us
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sefa Celik
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Ozel
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omur Karabulut Bulan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kim HY, Lee YJ, Kim SJ, Lee JD, Kim S, Ko MJ, Kim JW, Shin CY, Kim KB. Metabolomics profiling of valproic acid-induced symptoms resembling autism spectrum disorders using 1H NMR spectral analysis in rat model. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:1-13. [PMID: 34445937 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1967821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been implicated in the manifestation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behavioral and functional changes both in human and rodents including mice and rats. The objective of this study was to determine metabolomics profiling and biomarkers related to VPA-induced symptoms resembling ASD using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectral data. VPA was administered to pregnant rats at gestation day 12.5 and effects measured subsequently in male 4-week-old offspring pups. The sociability of VPA-treated animals was significantly diminished and exhibited ASD-like behavior as evidenced by reduction of social adaptation disorder and lack of social interactions. To find biomarkers related to ASD, the following were collected prefrontal brain cortices, urine bladder and blood samples directly from heart puncture. In all samples, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) displayed significant clustering pattern differences between control and treated groups. Valine, taurine, myo-inositol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone were significantly decreased in brain cortices in treated rats. Serum metabolites of glucose, creatine phosphate, lactate, glutamine and threonine were significantly increased in VPA-administered animals. Urinary metabolites of pimelate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate and valerate were significantly reduced in VPA-treated rat, whereas galactose and galactonate levels were elevated. Various metabolites were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction metabolism and central nervous system disorders. Data demonstrated that VPA-induced alterations in endogenous metabolites of serum, urine, and brain cortex which might prove useful as biomarkers for symptoms resembling ASD as a model of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Dae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Jung Ko
- Department Of Neuroscience, School Of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woon Kim
- Department Of Neuroscience, School Of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department Of Neuroscience, School Of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Human Risk Assessment, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam Republic of Korea
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6
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Abdulkadir TS, Dawud FA, Isa AS, Ayo JO. Taurine and Camel Milk Modulate Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Changes in Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:291-302. [PMID: 34542066 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with deficiency in motor coordination, cognitive impairment, and excessive reactive oxygen species production in the brain. OBJECTIVE The study evaluated effects of taurine and camel milk (CM) on neurobehavior, amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ) expression, acetylcholinesterase, and superoxide dismutase activities in aluminum chloride (AlCl3) model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. METHODS Thirty-five female Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n = 5): Normal saline (0.2 mL/kg body weight); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) (AD); CM (33 mL/kg); Taurine (50 mg/kg); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + CM (33 mL/kg); AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + Taurine (50 mg/kg); and AlCl3 (100 mg/kg) + CM (33 mL/kg) + Taurine (50 mg/kg). The administration lasted for eight weeks via oral gavage. After the eighth week, neurobehavior assessments were performed. Rats were sacrificed, and brain and blood samples collected for analysis. RESULTS There was a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the duration of motor endurance in AD + CM rats, compared to AD rats. Duration of forced swimming time was lowest (p < 0.0001) in AlCl3 + Taurine rats, compared to that of AD rats. Concentration of Aβ peptide decreased (p < 0.05) in AD rats, treated with CM and/or combination. In taurine-treated rats, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in AD rats. Treatment with taurine + CM increased (p < 0.05) acetylcholinesterase activity compared to controls. CONCLUSION Taurine and CM enhanced cognition and sensorimotor activity by decreasing Aβ peptide concentration and increasing superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase activities in AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teslim S Abdulkadir
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Fatima A Dawud
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Sherif Isa
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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7
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Aglan HS, Safar MM, Ain-Shoka AAM, Kandil AM, Gebremedhn S, Salilew-Wondim D, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. Developmental toxicity of lead in rats after gestational exposure and the protective role of taurine. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22816. [PMID: 34043862 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the potential adverse effect of Pb on pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their fetuses after maternal exposure, on gestational days (GD) 7-16. The possible protective role of taurine (TA), administered throughout the gestation period (GD 1-20) against Pb toxicity, was also evaluated. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (control) was given distilled water; Group 2 was exposed to Pb (250 ppm) in drinking water (GD 7-16), whereas Group 3 received TA (50 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage (GD 1-20); Group 4 was exposed to Pb (GD 7-16), whereas pretreated with TA from GD 1 till the end of the gestation period. After termination on GD 20, maternal and embryo-fetal outcomes were evaluated. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical parameters assessment. The results showed that, Pb induced a significant reduction in the maternal body weight, weight gain, uterine and placental weight, in addition to a high incidence of abortion and fetal resorption. Meanwhile, fetuses demonstrated decreased body weight and length, with a high rate of mortality as well as external and skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, Pb induced severe hematological and biochemical alterations in both dams and fetuses. The toxicity of Pb was further emphasized by placental histopathological examination and hepatic DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment with TA greatly attenuated the impact of Pb on both maternal and fetal parameters. Moreover, TA alleviated the incidence of placental damage and hepatic DNA fragmentation. The results highlight the potential prophylaxis role of TA against maternal and developmental Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Samir Aglan
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Pharmacology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Munir Kandil
- Pharmacology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Center of Integrated Dairy Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Aslan Karakelle N, Dinçer S, Yar Sağlam AS. The effect of intracerebroventricular amyloid beta 1-42 application on cognitive functions in aged rats supplemented with taurine and the change of peroxisomal proteins in this process. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:89-97. [PMID: 33892084 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to investigate the change of peroxisomal proteins in the neurodegenerative and oxidative process caused by the neurotoxicity of Aβ 1-42 in aged rats supplemented with taurine and to show the possible positive effects of taurine in this process. METHODS 30 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as control, sham, Aβ 1-42, taurine, and Aβ 1-42+taurine. Taurine administration continued for 6 weeks (1000 mg/kg/day with drinking water). Stereotaxic surgery was applied to all groups (intracerebroventricular per lateral ventricle needle only or 5 μl, PBS, or Aβ 1-42). Spatial learning and memory performances of the animals were evaluated with Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. The levels of MDA and GSH were measured as oxidative stress parameters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Expressions of CAT, PEX14, PMP70 of peroxisomal membrane proteins were indicated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that injection of Aβ 1-42 decreased the spatial learning and memory performance, cortex CAT and hippocampus PEX14, PMP70 and GSH levels, and increased cortex and hippocampus MDA levels (p < 0.05). Although the administration of taurine partially ameliorated the adverse effects of Aβ 1-42 injection, a significant difference was found only at the hippocampus GSH levels (p < 0.05). Also, taurine caused anxiety at this dose (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION In conclusion, decreased peroxisomal proteins and antioxidant capacity in neurodegenerative and oxidative processes induced by intracerebroventricular Aβ 1-42 injection showed that peroxisomes may play a role in this process and taurine supplementation may have positive effects especially in increasing antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Aslan Karakelle
- Department of Physiology, Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Dinçer
- Department of Physiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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9
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Pesticides, cognitive functions and dementia: A review. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:31-51. [PMID: 32145396 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely-used chemicals commonly applied in agriculture for the protection of crops from pests. Depending on the class of pesticides, the specific substances may have a specific set of adverse effects on humans, especially in cases of acute poisoning. In past years, evidence regarding sequelae of chronic, low-level exposure has been accumulating. Cognitive impairment and dementia heavily affect a person's quality of life and scientific data has been hinting towards an association between them and antecedent chronic pesticide exposure. Here, we reviewed animal and human studies exploring the association between pesticide exposure, cognition and dementia. Additionally, we present potential mechanisms through which pesticides may act neurotoxically and lead to neurodegeneration. Study designs rarely presented homogeneity and the estimation of the exposure to pesticides has been most frequently performed without measuring the synergic effects and the possible interactions between the toxicants within mixtures, and also overlooking low exposures to environmental toxicants. It is possible that a Real-Life Risk Simulation approach would represent a robust alternative for future studies, so that the safe exposure limits and the net risk that pesticides confer to impaired cognitive function can be examined. Previous studies that evaluated the effect of low dose chronic exposure to mixtures of pesticides and other chemicals intending to simulate real life exposure scenarios showed that hormetic neurobehavioral effects can appear after mixture exposure at doses considered safe for individual compounds and these effects can be exacerbated by a coexistence with specific conditions such as vitamin deficiency. However, there is an overall indication, derived from both epidemiologic and laboratory evidence, supporting an association between exposure to neurotoxic pesticides and cognitive dysfunction, dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Wu P, Shi X, Luo M, Inam-U-Llah, Li K, Zhang M, Ma J, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Liu X, Li S, Li Q, Chen X, Che X, Piao F. Taurine inhibits neuron apoptosis in hippocampus of diabetic rats and high glucose exposed HT-22 cells via the NGF-Akt/Bad pathway. Amino Acids 2019; 52:87-102. [PMID: 31875259 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes causes learning and memory deficits that might be mediated by hippocampus neuron apoptosis. Studies found that taurine might improve cognitive deficits under diabetic condition because of its ability to prevent hippocampus neuron apoptosis. However, the effect and mechanism is not clear. In this study, we explore the effect and mechanism of taurine on inhibiting hippocampus neuron apoptosis. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, T2D, taurine treatment (giving 0.5%, 1%, and 2% taurine in drinking water) groups. Streptozotocin was used to establish the diabetes model. HT-22 cell (hippocampus neurons line) was used for in vitro experiments. Morris Water Maze test was used to check the learning and memory ability, TUNEL assay was used to measure apoptosis and nerve growth factor (NGF); Akt/Bad pathway relevant protein was detected by western blot. Taurine improved learning and memory ability and significantly decreased apoptosis of the hippocampus neurons in T2D rats. Moreover, taurine supplement also inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis in HT-22 cell in vitro. Mechanistically, taurine increased the expression of NGF, phosphorylation of Trka, Akt, and Bad, as well as reduced cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. However, beneficial effects of taurine were blocked in the presence of anti-NGF antibody or Akt inhibitor. Taurine could inhibit hippocampus neuron apoptosis via NGF-Akt/Bad pathway. These results provide some clues that taurine might be efficient and feasible candidate for improvement of learning and memory ability in T2D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengxin Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Inam-U-Llah
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kaixin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengren Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingran Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaochi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China.
| | - Fengyuan Piao
- Integrative Laboratory, Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
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Gorgani S, Jahanshahi M, Elyasi L. Taurine Prevents Passive Avoidance Memory Impairment, Accumulation of Amyloid-β Plaques, and Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampus of Scopolamine-Treated Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Pan X, Jiang J, Li Y. Effects of Taurine on Alterations of Neurobehavior and Neurodevelopment Key Proteins Expression in Infant Rats by Exposure to Hexabromocyclododecane. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:119-130. [PMID: 28849449 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) is a widely used flame retardant. Studies have found that HBCDs has toxic effects on endocrine and neural development, leading to adverse effects on behavior, learning and memory. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of taurine on cognitive function, neurotrophic factors expression of infant rats exposured to HBCDs. Sprague-Dawley rats of 10-days old were oral gavaged of different doses (0.3, 3 and 30 mg/kg) of HBCDs and 30 mg/kg HBCDs with 300 mg/kg taurine for 60 consecutive days. Rat cognitive function was detected by the method of Morris water maze test. The protein expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) were assayed by Western-blotting. Results showed that rats exposed to HBCDs significantly declined rats spatial learning and memory ability by increasing the latency time of seeking the platform (P < 0.05), decreasing the numbers that each rat had crossed the non-exits and the time spent in the target quadrant as compared with those in control rats (P < 0.05). Taurine treatment significantly reversed the effects of HBCDs. Western-blotting results showed that expression of BDNF, NGF and FGF proteins in the low dose group were obviously increased compared with those in control rats (P < 0.01), and middle-dose and high dose groups significantly decreased. Taurine treatment increased BDNF and NGF expression as compared with high dose groups while Taurine seemed to have no effects on FGF. These result suggested that higher doses of HBCDs early exposure in the developing rats could decrease neurotrophic factors including BDNF, NGF, FGF, which have an impact on neural development, damage on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yachen Li
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China.
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Li Y, Li S, Xie X, Xiu H, Liu X, Shao J, Zhang X. Neuroprotection by Taurine on HBCD-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 1:95-106. [PMID: 28849447 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR). Because of their presence in human issues, including brain tissue, concern has been raised on their possible neurotoxicity. Presently, we explored the neuroprotection of taurine against HBCD-induced apoptotic damages in PC12 cells. Cells were pre-treated with taurine before HBCD exposure and the viability was assayed via the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) method. Apoptotic features were observed with Hoechst 33342 staining. Apoptotic ratio was measured using flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC coupled propidium iodide (PI) double staining. The changes in the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were quantitated by the western blot. The activity of caspase-3 was tested and the results revealed that presence of HBCD decreased cell survival and led to apoptosis in the tested cells. Further, exposure of HBCD reduced protein expression of Bcl-2, increased expression in Bax protein and activity of caspase-3. Taurine attenuated HBCD-induced cell viability loss and cell apoptosis. Moreover, taurine significantly prevented from reducing Bcl-2 protein expression and elevating Bax protein expression and caspase-3 activity induced by HBCD. These results demonstrated that taurine can alleviate HBCD-induced apoptosis by altering Bcl-2 expression and Bax protein and Caspase-3 activity in PC12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Li
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Shuangyue Li
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xizhe Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Xiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Shao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 Western Section of Lushun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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El-Far AH, Korshom MA, Mandour AA, El-Bessoumy AA, El-Sayed YS. Hepatoprotective efficacy of Nigella sativa seeds dietary supplementation against lead acetate-induced oxidative damage in rabbit - Purification and characterization of glutathione peroxidase. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:711-718. [PMID: 28273633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic ubiquitous environmental pollutant that induces hepatotoxicity in both animals and humans. The ability of Nigella saliva seeds (NSS) in ameliorating lead acetate (PbAc)-induced hepatic oxidative damage was investigated using a rabbit model. Forty New Zealand rabbits were given feed and water ad libitum. They were allocated randomly into four groups: control; PbAc (5g/L drinking water); NSS (20g/kg diet) and NSS+PbAc groups. After two months, liver samples were collected and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) contents. Purification and characterization of GPx were also evaluated. PbAc exposure significantly (p<0.05) increased MDA (lipid peroxidation biomarker) and reduced the GSH levels and the GST and GPx activities. Concurrently supplemented NSS significantly (p<0.05) decreased MDA levels and restored the GSH, GST, and GPx contents successfully. Electrophoretically, the homogeneous GPx preparation from the liver had a specific activity of 30.44 U/mg protein and a yield of 1.31%. The Km values for cumene hydroperoxide were 4.76μM in control, PbAc and NSS+PbAc groups, and 4.09μM in NSS group. The GPx reaction had a temperature optimum 40°C, pH optimum 8 and molecular weight 21 kDa. The obtained data indicated the potent efficacy of NSS against PbAc-induced oxidative stress; that was mediated through induction and activation of antioxidants, particularly GPx and scavenging free radicals. Moreover, the purified hepatic GPx is characterized as a selenoprotein (Se-GPx).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Mahdy A Korshom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Abdelwahab A Mandour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf A El-Bessoumy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Gao B, Bian X, Mahbub R, Lu K. Sex-Specific Effects of Organophosphate Diazinon on the Gut Microbiome and Its Metabolic Functions. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:198-206. [PMID: 27203275 PMCID: PMC5289904 DOI: 10.1289/ehp202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition of the significance of the gut microbiome to human health, and the association between a perturbed gut microbiome with human diseases has been established. Previous studies also show the role of environmental toxicants in perturbing the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions. The wide agricultural use of diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide, has raised serious environmental health concerns since it is a potent neurotoxicant. With studies demonstrating the presence of a microbiome-gut-brain axis, it is possible that gut microbiome perturbation may also contribute to diazinon toxicity. OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of diazinon exposure on the gut microbiome composition and its metabolic functions in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS We used a combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics sequencing, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling in a mouse model to examine the functional impact of diazinon on the gut microbiome. RESULTS 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that diazinon exposure significantly perturbed the gut microbiome, and metagenomic sequencing found that diazinon exposure altered the functional metagenome. Moreover, metabolomics profiling revealed an altered metabolic profile arising from exposure. Of particular significance, these changes were more pronounced for male mice than for female mice. CONCLUSIONS Diazinon exposure perturbed the gut microbiome community structure, functional metagenome, and associated metabolic profiles in a sex-specific manner. These findings may provide novel insights regarding perturbations of the gut microbiome and its functions as a potential new mechanism contributing to diazinon neurotoxicity and, in particular, its sex-selective effects. Citation: Gao B, Bian X, Mahbub R, Lu K. 2017. Sex-specific effects of organophosphate diazinon on the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions. Environ Health Perspect 125:198-206; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP202.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kun Lu
- Address correspondence to K. Lu, 140 Environmental Health Science Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Telephone: (706) 542-1001. E-mail:
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Adedara IA, Abolaji AO, Idris UF, Olabiyi BF, Onibiyo EM, Ojuade TD, Farombi EO. Neuroprotective influence of taurine on fluoride-induced biochemical and behavioral deficits in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 261:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Taurine ameliorated thyroid function in rats co-administered with chlorpyrifos and lead. Vet Res Commun 2016; 40:123-129. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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García A, Romero C, Arroyave C, Giraldo F, Sánchez L, Sánchez J. Acute effects of energy drinks in medical students. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2081-2091. [PMID: 27312565 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the acute effects of a variety of recognized energy drinks on medical students, based on the hypothesis that these beverages may affect negatively cardiovascular parameters, stress levels and working memory. METHODS Eighty young healthy medical students were included in the study. 62.5 % of the participants were male, and the age mean was 21.45 years. Each person was evaluated via measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate, oxygen saturation, breath rate, temperature, STAI score (to assess anxiety state), salivary cortisol and N-back task score (to determine cognitive enhancement). These evaluations were performed before and following the intake of either carbonated water or one of three energy drinks containing caffeine in similar concentrations and an undetermined energy blend; A contained less sugar and no taurine. RESULTS Thirty-minute SBP increased significantly in the A and C groups. The B group exhibited a diminution of the percentage of the 1-h SBP increase, an increase of 1-h DBP and QTc shortening. HR showed an increase in the percent change in the A and C groups. Cortisol salivary levels increased in the B group. The STAI test score decreased in the C group. The percent change in N-back scores increased in the A group. CONCLUSIONS The data reinforce the need for further research on the acute and chronic effects of energy drinks to determine the actual risks and benefits. Consumers need to be more informed about the safety of these energy drinks, especially the young student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, AA 97, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - César Romero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, AA 97, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Cristhian Arroyave
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, AA 97, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Fabián Giraldo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, AA 97, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Leidy Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, AA 97, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Julio Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, AA 97, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia.
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19
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Rodríguez-Fuentes G, Rubio-Escalante FJ, Noreña-Barroso E, Escalante-Herrera KS, Schlenk D. Impacts of oxidative stress on acetylcholinesterase transcription, and activity in embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) following Chlorpyrifos exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 172-173:19-25. [PMID: 25937383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides cause irreversible inhibition of AChE which leads to neuronal overstimulation and death. Thus, dogma indicates that the target of OP pesticides is AChE, but many authors postulate that these compounds also disturb cellular redox processes, and change the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Interestingly, it has also been reported that oxidative stress plays also a role in the regulation and activity of AChE. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of the antioxidant, vitamin C (VC), the oxidant, t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) and the organophosphate Chlorpyrifos (CPF), on AChE gene transcription and activity in zebrafish embryos after 72h exposure. In addition, oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring antioxidant enzymes activities and transcription, and quantification of total glutathione. Apical effects on the development of zebrafish embryos were also measured. With the exception of AChE inhibition and enhanced gene expression, limited effects of CPF on oxidative stress and apical endpoints were found at this developmental stage. Addition of VC had little effect on oxidative stress or AChE, but increased pericardial area and heartbeat rate through an unknown mechanism. TBOOH diminished AChE gene expression and activity, and caused oxidative stress when administered alone. However, in combination with CPF, only reductions in AChE activity were observed with no significant changes in oxidative stress suggesting the adverse apical endpoints in the embryos may have been due to AChE inhibition by CPF rather than oxidative stress. These results give additional evidence to support the role of prooxidants in AChE activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elsa Noreña-Barroso
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
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Engstrom A, Wang H, Xia Z. Lead decreases cell survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of primary cultured adult neural precursor cells through activation of the JNK and p38 MAP kinases. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1146-55. [PMID: 25967738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process whereby adult neural precursor cells (aNPCs) in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) generate adult-born, functional neurons in the hippocampus. This process is modulated by various extracellular and intracellular stimuli, and the adult-born neurons have been implicated in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. However, studies on how neurotoxic agents affect this process and the underlying mechanisms are limited. The goal of this study was to determine whether lead, a heavy metal, directly impairs critical processes in adult neurogenesis and to characterize the underlying signaling pathways using primary cultured SGZ-aNPCs isolated from adult mice. We report here that lead significantly increases apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in SGZ-aNPCs. In addition, lead significantly impairs spontaneous neuronal differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, we found that activation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways are important for lead cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that lead can directly act on adult neural stem cells and impair critical processes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may contribute to its neurotoxicity and adverse effects on cognition in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Engstrom
- Toxicology Program in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Hao Wang
- Toxicology Program in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Toxicology Program in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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