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Sun H, Fan R, Fang R, Shen S, Wang Y, Fu J, Hou R, Sun R, Bao S, Chen Q, Yue P, Gao X. Dynamics changes in metabolites and pancreatic lipase inhibitory ability of instant dark tea during liquid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger. Food Chem 2024; 448:139136. [PMID: 38581964 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Instant dark tea (IDT), prepared by liquid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger, is known for its high theabrownins content and lipid-lowering effect. To explore the impact of fungal fermentation on IDT compositions and its pancreatic lipase inhibitory ability (PLIA), untargeted and targeted metabolomic analysis were applied to track the changes of metabolites over a 9-day fermentation period, and correlation analysis was then conducted between metabolites and PLIA of IDT. There were 54 differential metabolites exhibited significant changes from day 3 to day 5 of fermentation. The concentrations of theabrownins and caffeine increased during fermentation, while phenols and free amino acids decreased. The PLIA of IDT samples significantly increased from day 5 to day 9 of fermentation. Theabrownins not only positively correlated with the PLIA but also exhibited a high inhibition rate. These findings provide a theoretical basis to optimize the production of IDT as functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ranqin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jialin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Runchen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shinuo Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Pengxiang Yue
- Damin Foodstuff (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian 363000, China
| | - Xueling Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Agro-products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
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Yu H, Xing Z, Jia K, Li S, Xu Y, Zhao P, Zhu X. Inquiry lipaseoring the mechanism of pancreatic lipase inhibition by isovitexin based on multispectral method and enzyme inhibition assay. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4765. [PMID: 38769927 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Isovitexin is a main natural flavonoid component in various plants. Currently, the inhibitory effect of isovitexin on pancreatic lipase (PL) and its mechanism have not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of isovitexin on PL, as well as its interaction mechanism, using enzyme inhibition methods, spectroscopic analysis, and molecular simulations. Results showed that isovitexin possessed significant PL inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 0.26 ± 0.02 mM. The interaction between isovitexin and PL was dominated by static quenching, and mainly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction forces. Analysis of fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed that isovitexin binding altered the conformation of the PL. Circular dichroism (CD) spectrum indicated that isovitexin altered the secondary structure of PL by decreasing the α-helix content and increasing the β-fold content. Molecular simulations further characterize the conformational changes produced by the interaction between isovitexin with PL. The performed study may provide a new insight into the inhibitory mechanism of isovitexin as a novel PL inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongfu Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kaijie Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sai Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yankun Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Wang Q, Hu GL, Qiu MH, Cao J, Xiong WY. Coffee, tea, and cocoa in obesity prevention: Mechanisms of action and future prospects. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100741. [PMID: 38694556 PMCID: PMC11061710 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major public health problem, causes numerous complications that threaten human health and increase the socioeconomic burden. The pathophysiology of obesity is primarily attributed to lipid metabolism disorders. Conventional anti-obesity medications have a high abuse potential and frequently deliver insufficient efficacy and have negative side-effects. Hence, functional foods are regarded as effective alternatives to address obesity. Coffee, tea, and cocoa, three widely consumed beverages, have long been considered to have the potential to prevent obesity, and several studies have focused on their intrinsic molecular mechanisms in past few years. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which the bioactive ingredients in these three beverages counteract obesity from the aspects of adipogenesis, lipolysis, and energy expenditure (thermogenesis). The future prospects and challenges for coffee, tea, and cocoa as functional products for the treatment of obesity are also discussed, which can be pursued for future drug development and prevention strategies against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education), Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Gui-Lin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China (Ministry of Education), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Yong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education), Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
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Šola I, Gmižić D, Pinterić M, Tot A, Ludwig-Müller J. Adjustments of the Phytochemical Profile of Broccoli to Low and High Growing Temperatures: Implications for the Bioactivity of Its Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3677. [PMID: 38612494 PMCID: PMC11011926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change causes shifts in temperature patterns, and plants adapt their chemical content in order to survive. We compared the effect of low (LT) and high (HT) growing temperatures on the phytochemical content of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) microgreens and the bioactivity of their extracts. Using different spectrophotometric, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and statistical methods, we found that LT increased the total phenolics and tannins in broccoli. The total glucosinolates were also increased by LT; however, they were decreased by HT. Soluble sugars, known osmoprotectants, were increased by both types of stress, considerably more by HT than LT, suggesting that HT causes a more intense osmotic imbalance. Both temperatures were detrimental for chlorophyll, with HT being more impactful than LT. HT increased hormone indole-3-acetic acid, implying an important role in broccoli's defense. Ferulic and sinapic acid showed a trade-off scheme: HT increased ferulic while LT increased sinapic acid. Both stresses decreased the potential of broccoli to act against H2O2 damage in mouse embryonal fibroblasts (MEF), human keratinocytes, and liver cancer cells. Among the tested cell types treated by H2O2, the most significant reduction in ROS (36.61%) was recorded in MEF cells treated with RT extracts. The potential of broccoli extracts to inhibit α-amylase increased following both temperature stresses; however, the inhibition of pancreatic lipase was increased by LT only. From the perspective of nutritional value, and based on the obtained results, we conclude that LT conditions result in more nutritious broccoli microgreens than HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daria Gmižić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Pinterić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Tot
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01217 Dresden, Germany
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Abdella FI, Toumi A, Boudriga S, Alanazi TY, Alshamari AK, Alrashdi AA, Hamden K. Antiobesity and antidiabetes effects of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes presenting protein tyrosine phosphatase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, metabolic enzymes, stress oxidant and inflammation inhibitory potential. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27598. [PMID: 38486768 PMCID: PMC10937842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant global health concern that increases the vulnerability to various chronic illnesses. In view of this issue, the current research aimed to examine the effects of administering an extract derived from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L (CrE) on obesity, type 1 diabetes, and liver-kidney toxicity. Through the utilization of HPLC-DAD analysis, it was discovered that the extract contained several components, including quercetin (47.8%), luteolin glucoside (17%), luteolin (7.56%), apigenin-7-glucoside (6.29%), naringinin (4.52%), and seven others. In vitro experiments they have demonstrated that CrE effectively inhibited key digestive enzymes associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, such as DPP-4, PTP1B, lipase, and α-amylase, as evidenced by their respective IC50 values are about 23, 51,83, and 67 μg/ml respectively. Furthermore, when diabetic rats were administered CrE, the activity of pancreatic enzymes linked to inflammation, namely 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), hyaluronidase (HAase), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), was significantly suppressed by 48, 41, 75, and 47%, respectively. Moreover, CrE exhibited protective effects on pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) by 65% and the induction of superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities by 62, 108, and 112% respectively as compared to diabetic untreated rat. Additionally, CrE significantly inhibited the activities of intestinal, pancreatic, and serum lipase and α-amylase activities. In diabetic rats, CrE administration suppressed glycogen phosphorylase (GP) stimulated glycogen synthase (GS) activities by 45 and 30%; and this increased liver glycogen content by 45%. Furthermore, CrE modulated key hepatic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP). Notably, the average food and water intake (AFI and AWI) of diabetic rats treated with CrE was reduced by 15 and 16% respectively as compared to those without any treatment. Therefore, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of Cyperus rotundus tubers in preventing and treating obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza I.A. Abdella
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Ha'il University, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Toumi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Boudriga
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Tahani Y.A. Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Ha'il University, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma K. Alshamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Ha'il University, Ha'il, 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khaled Hamden
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
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6
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Thi Vo CV, Thanh Nguyen T, Ngoc Dang T, Quoc Dao M, Thao Vo V, Thi Tran O, Thanh Vu L, Tran TD. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of alkoxyaurones as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 98:129574. [PMID: 38052378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Aurones are a minor subgroup of flavonoids. Unlike other subgroups such as chalcones, flavones, and isoflavones, aurones have not been extensively explored as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. In this work, we studied the pancreatic lipase inhibitory potency of synthetic aurone derivatives. Thirty-six compounds belonging to four series (4,6-dihydroxyaurone, 6-hydroxyaurone, 4,6-dialkoxyaurone, and 6-alkoxyaurone) were designed and synthesized. Their in vitro inhibitory activities were determined by spectrophotometric assay in comparison with quercetin and orlistat. Alkoxyaurone derivatives with long-chain (6-10 carbons) alkoxy substituents showed greater potency. Of them, 4,6-dialkoxyaurone 8 displayed the highest activity against pancreatic lipase (IC50 of 1.945 ± 0.520 µM) relative to quercetin (IC50 of 86.98 ± 3.859 µM) and orlistat (IC50 of 0.0334 ± 0.0015 µM). Fluorescence quenching measurement confirmed the affinity of alkoxyaurone derivatives to pancreatic lipase. Kinetic study showed that 8 inhibited lipase through a competitive mechanism (Ki of 1.288 ± 0.282 µM). Molecular docking results clarified the role of long-chain substituents on ring A in interacting with the hydrophobic pockets and pushing the inhibitor molecule closer to the catalytic triad. The findings in this study may contribute to the development of better pancreatic lipase inhibitors with aurone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam-Van Thi Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Trang Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Thien Ngoc Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Manh Quoc Dao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Vy Thao Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Oanh Thi Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Loc Thanh Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
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Williamson G, Clifford MN. A critical examination of human data for the biological activity of quercetin and its phase-2 conjugates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 38189312 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
This critical review examines evidence for beneficial effects of quercetin phase-2 conjugates from clinical intervention studies, volunteer feeding trials, and in vitro work. Plasma concentrations of quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G) and 3'-methylquercetin-3-O-glucuronide (3'MQ3G) after supplementation may produce beneficial effects in macrophages and endothelial cells, respectively, especially if endogenous deglucuronidation occurs, and lower blood uric acid concentration via quercetin-3'-O-sulfate (Q3'S). Unsupplemented diets produce much lower concentrations (<50 nmol/l) rarely investigated in vitro. At 10 nmol/l, Q3'S and Q3G stimulate or suppress, respectively, angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Statistically significant effects have been reported at 100 nmol/l in breast cancer cells (Q3G), primary neuron cultures (Q3G), lymphocytes (Q3G and3'MQ3G) and HUVECs (QG/QS mixture), but it is unclear whether these translate to a health benefit in vivo. More sensitive and more precise methods to measure clinically significant endpoints are required before a conclusion can be drawn regarding effects at normal dietary concentrations. Future requirements include better understanding of inter-individual and temporal variation in plasma quercetin phase-2 conjugates, their mechanisms of action including deglucuronidation and desulfation both in vitro and in vivo, tissue accumulation and washout, as well as potential for synergy or antagonism with other quercetin metabolites and metabolites of other dietary phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael N Clifford
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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8
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Kittibunchakul S, Kemsawasd V, Hudthagosol C, Sanporkha P, Sapwarobol S, Suttisansanee U. The Effects of Different Roasting Methods on the Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant Potential, and In Vitro Inhibitory Activities of Sacha Inchi Seeds. Foods 2023; 12:4178. [PMID: 38002234 PMCID: PMC10670140 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Roasted sacha inchi seeds are now commercialized as a health food product, but the influence of roasting methods on their proclaimed health effects has yet to be explored. This study investigated the total phenolic contents (TPCs), antioxidant potential, and inhibitory activities of raw and roasted sacha inchi seeds in vitro. Individual phenolics in raw seeds were also identified in an attempt to explain the bioactivities of the seeds. The results suggested that roasting in a cooking pan, vacuum oven, and tray dryer had distinct impact on TPC in sacha inchi seeds, and thus differentially altered their antioxidant and inhibitory properties. Seeds that underwent roasting exhibited 1.5-2.7-fold higher antioxidant potentials than raw seeds. Certain roasting methods provided the products with anti-α-amylase and anti-cholinesterase activities, while inhibitions of these enzymes were not detected in raw seeds. Roasted seeds also possessed superior anti-lipase and anti-glycation activities when compared with raw seeds (up to 1.7- and 4.8-fold, respectively). The inhibitory properties observed in the seed samples might be attributed to their p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin, as these potential enzyme inhibitors were predominant in raw seeds. The overall results showed that pan-roasting could be used to obtain relatively high health benefits from the antioxidant and inhibitory activities of sacha inchi seeds. The information obtained from this study may serve as the basis for the proper processing of sacha inchi seeds to optimize their functional food and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwapat Kittibunchakul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Varongsiri Kemsawasd
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Chatrapa Hudthagosol
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Promluck Sanporkha
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Suwimol Sapwarobol
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.K.); (V.K.)
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9
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Janthongkaw A, Klaophimai S, Khampaya T, Yimthiang S, Yang Y, Ma R, Bumyut A, Pouyfung P. Effect of Green and Red Thai Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) on pancreatic digestive enzymes (alpha-glucosidase and lipase) and acetyl-carboxylase 1 activity: A possible therapeutic target for obesity prevention. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291738. [PMID: 37733688 PMCID: PMC10513218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular use of Thai kratom has been linked to reduced blood triglyceride levels and body mass index (BMI) in healthy individuals. We analyzed Green Thai Kratom (GTK) and Red Thai Kratom (RTK) to investigate their effects on pancreatic digestive enzymes. The ethanol extracts of GTK and RTK inhibited lipase activity more strongly than alpha-glucosidase activity, suggesting the presence of lipase inhibitors. Mitragynine, the major compound in GTK, showed potent lipase inhibition and moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Quercetin, found in both extracts, strongly inhibited alpha-glucosidase but had limited effects on lipase. These findings suggest that mitragynine and quercetin may hinder triglyceride and starch digestion. Combination inhibition studies revealed synergistic effects between mitragynine and quercetin on alpha-glucosidase activity. Additionally, both GTK and RTK extracts reduced fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells, with quercetin specifically inhibiting Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), a key enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis. Thus, GTK and RTK extracts, particularly mitragynine and quercetin, exhibit potential anti-obesity effects. We report the novel finding that Thai kratom inhibits de novo fatty acid synthesis by targeting ACC1, resulting in decreased fat accumulation in adipocytes. Regular use of Thai kratom in specific populations may improve blood triglyceride levels and reduce BMI by inhibiting lipase, alpha-glucosidase, and ACC1 activity. Further clinical trials are needed to determine optimal dosage, duration, toxicity levels, and potential side effects of Kratom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atikarn Janthongkaw
- Environmental, Safety Technology and Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sirinthip Klaophimai
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Khampaya
- Environmental, Safety Technology and Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Yimthiang
- Environmental, Safety Technology and Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Apirak Bumyut
- Environmental Health and Technology, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Phisit Pouyfung
- Environmental, Safety Technology and Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Biomass and Oil Palm Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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10
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Naomi R, Teoh SH, Halim S, Embong H, Hasain Z, Bahari H, Kumar J. Unraveling Obesity: Transgenerational Inheritance, Treatment Side Effects, Flavonoids, Mechanisms, Microbiota, Redox Balance, and Bioavailability-A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1549. [PMID: 37627544 PMCID: PMC10451614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is known as a transgenerational vicious cycle and has become a global burden due to its unavoidable complications. Modern approaches to obesity management often involve the use of pharmaceutical drugs and surgeries that have been associated with negative side effects. In contrast, natural antioxidants, such as flavonoids, have emerged as a promising alternative due to their potential health benefits and minimal side effects. Thus, this narrative review explores the potential protective role of flavonoids as a natural antioxidant in managing obesity. To identify recent in vivo studies on the efficiency of flavonoids in managing obesity, a comprehensive search was conducted on Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Nature, and ScienceDirect. The search was limited to the past 10 years; from the search, we identified 31 articles to be further reviewed. Based on the reviewed articles, we concluded that flavonoids offer novel therapeutic strategies for preventing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. This is because the appropriate dosage of flavonoid compounds is able to reduce adipose tissue mass, the formation of intracellular free radicals, enhance endogenous antioxidant defences, modulate the redox balance, and reduce inflammatory signalling pathways. Thus, this review provides an insight into the domain of a natural product therapeutic approach for managing obesity and recapitulates the transgenerational inheritance of obesity, the current available treatments to manage obesity and its side effects, flavonoids and their sources, the molecular mechanism involved, the modulation of gut microbiota in obesity, redox balance, and the bioavailability of flavonoids. In toto, although flavonoids show promising positive outcome in managing obesity, a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the advantageous impacts of flavonoids-achieved through translation to clinical trials-would provide a novel approach to inculcating flavonoids in managing obesity in the future as this review is limited to animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology Mara (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Zubaidah Hasain
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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11
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Moon YJ, Kim HS, Kim MJ, Im HY, Lee YH. Synergistic Effects of Heat-Treated Green Tea Extract and Enzymatically-Modified Isoquercitrin in Preventing Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2931. [PMID: 37447257 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that both heat-treated green tea extract (HTGT) and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) have anti-obesity effects. Given the absence of in vivo evidence demonstrating their synergistic effects, our study aimed to elucidate the combined obesity prevention potential of HTGT and EMIQ in mice. Mice were treated with these compounds for 8 weeks, while being fed a high-fat diet, to investigate their preventive anti-obesity effects. We demonstrated that the co-treatment of HTGT and EMIQ results in a synergistic anti-obesity effect, as determined by a Kruskal-Wallis test. Furthermore, the combined treatment of HTGT and EMIQ was more effective than orlistat in reducing body weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy induced by high-fat diet. The co-treatment also significantly reduced total body fat mass and abdominal fat volume. Additionally, the group receiving the co-treatment exhibited increased energy expenditure and higher glucose intolerance. We observed a dose-dependent upregulation of genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and PKA signaling, which is linked to lipolysis, in response to the co-treatment. The co-treatment group displayed elevated cAMP levels and AMPK activation in adipose tissue and increased excretion of fecal lipids. The results indicate that the co-treatment of HTGT and EMIQ holds the potential to be a promising combination therapy for combating obesity. To further validate the anti-obesity effect of the combined treatment of HTGT and EMIQ in human subjects, additional clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Yeong Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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García-Muñoz AM, García-Guillén AI, Victoria-Montesinos D, Abellán-Ruiz MS, Alburquerque-González B, Cánovas F. Effect of the Combination of Hibiscus sabdariffa in Combination with Other Plant Extracts in the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112269. [PMID: 37297513 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex and multifactorial disorder associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle and situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have shown that consumption of fruits and vegetables high in polyphenols has a protective effect, reducing cardiovascular risk. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in combination with other plant extracts has recently attracted scientists' attention due to its potential use in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of HS in combination with other plant extracts on the prevention of metabolic syndrome, exploring their synergistic effects and potential as therapeutic agents. For this purpose, a systematic search of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted in four different databases and the data obtained were then used for a meta-analysis. Initially, the titles and abstracts of 1368 studies were read. From these, 16 studies were examined closely for their eligibility, and finally, seven RCTs with 332 participants were included in both the meta-analysis and the qualitative analysis. Our results show that HS in combination with other plant extracts improved anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and lipid profile (low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol) compared to a placebo control group. It is important to note that although this meta-analysis suggests that HS in combination with other plant extracts may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular parameters, further research is needed to determine the optimal dose and intake duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María García-Muñoz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Guillén
- Faculty of Medicine, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Begoña Alburquerque-González
- Izpisua Lab, HiTech, Sport and Health Innovation Hub, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Cánovas
- Faculty of Medicine, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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13
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Ruan JC, Peng RY, Chen YT, Xu HX, Zhang QFF. In vitro and in vivo Inhibitory Activity of C-glycoside Flavonoid Extracts from Mung Bean Coat on Pancreatic Lipase and α-glucosidase. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:439-444. [PMID: 37351712 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Mung bean is a kind of legume commonly eaten by human. In the present study, a HPLC method for analyzing of two C-glycoside flavonoids, isovitexin and vitexin, in Mung bean was developed. Results showed that the flavonoids are mainly existed in Mung bean coat (MBC), while kernel contains very trace. The extraction of C-glycoside flavonoids from MBC was optimized. MBC extracts with isovitexin and vitexin contents of 29.0 ± 0.28% and 35.8 ± 0.19% were obtained with yield of 1.6 ± 0.21%. MBC extracts exhibited inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.147 mg/ml and 0.226 mg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics revealed that MBC extracts showed mixed-type inhibition on these enzymes. Fluorescence quenching titration confirmed the binding of MBC extracts with the enzyme proteins. In vivo study revealed that pre-administration with MBC extracts significantly reduced the triglyceride absorption. Furthermore, it also improved postprandial hyperglycemia in rats through the inhibition of α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cang Ruan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Rui-Yan Peng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qing-Feng F Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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14
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Mahboob A, Samuel SM, Mohamed A, Wani MY, Ghorbel S, Miled N, Büsselberg D, Chaari A. Role of flavonoids in controlling obesity: molecular targets and mechanisms. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1177897. [PMID: 37252233 PMCID: PMC10213274 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1177897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a major health challenge that increases the risk of several non-communicable illnesses, such as but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, sleep disorders, and cancers. Accounting for nearly 8% of global deaths (4.7 million) in 2017, obesity leads to diminishing quality of life and a higher premature mortality rate among affected individuals. Although essentially dubbed as a modifiable and preventable health concern, prevention, and treatment strategies against obesity, such as calorie intake restriction and increasing calorie burning, have gained little long-term success. In this manuscript, we detail the pathophysiology of obesity as a multifactorial, oxidative stress-dependent inflammatory disease. Current anti-obesity treatment strategies, and the effect of flavonoid-based therapeutic interventions on digestion and absorption, macronutrient metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress and gut microbiota has been evaluated. The use of several naturally occurring flavonoids to prevent and treat obesity with a long-term efficacy, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arif Mohamed
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sofiane Ghorbel
- Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Miled
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Allal H, Nemdili H, Zerizer MA, Zouchoune B. Molecular structures, chemical descriptors, and pancreatic lipase (1LPB) inhibition by natural products: a DFT investigation and molecular docking prediction. Struct Chem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37363042 PMCID: PMC10148582 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking have been carried out on natural products containing eugenol, gingerol, ascorbic acid, oleurpoein, piperine, hesperidin, quercetin, Luteolin, and curcumin in order to predict their biological activities and to analyze their pancreatic lipase inhibition. The biological activity predictions are based on the global and local chemical descriptors, namely, HOMO-LUMO gaps, chemical hardness, chemical potential, electrophilicity, dipole moment, and Fukui functions. Our findings show that the studied compounds can be divided into two groups based on the chemical descriptors; the first group is composed of eugenol, gingerol, ascorbic acid, and oleuropein and the second one is composed of piperine, hesperidin, quercetin, Luteolin, and curcumin depending on the HOMO-LUMO gaps and electrophilicity values predicting best reactivity for the second group than the first one. The frontier orbitals offer a deeper insight concerning the electron donor and electron acceptor capabilities, whereas the local descriptors resulting from Fukui functions put emphasis on the active sites of different candidate ligands. The molecular docking was performed in order to compare and identify the inhibition activity of the natural candidate ligands against pancreatic lipase which were compared to that of synthesized ones. The molecular docking results revealed that the Luteolin compound has the best binding affinity of -8.56 kcal/mol due to their unique molecular structure and the position of -OH aromatic substituents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11224-023-02176-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Allal
- Unité de Recherche de Chimie de L’Environnement Et Moléculaire Structurale, Université de Constantine-1 (Mentouri), 25000 Constantine, Algeria
- Département de Génie Des Procédés, Faculté de Génie Des Procédés, Université Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hacene Nemdili
- Unité de Recherche de Chimie de L’Environnement Et Moléculaire Structurale, Université de Constantine-1 (Mentouri), 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Amine Zerizer
- Unité de Recherche de Chimie de L’Environnement Et Moléculaire Structurale, Université de Constantine-1 (Mentouri), 25000 Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée Et Technologie Des Matériaux, Université Larbi Ben M’hidi Oum El Bouaghi, 04000 Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Bachir Zouchoune
- Unité de Recherche de Chimie de L’Environnement Et Moléculaire Structurale, Université de Constantine-1 (Mentouri), 25000 Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée Et Technologie Des Matériaux, Université Larbi Ben M’hidi Oum El Bouaghi, 04000 Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
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16
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Barrios-Nolasco A, Domínguez-López A, Miliar-García A, Cornejo-Garrido J, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC., Quercetin, and Anti-Obesity Drugs in Adipose Tissue in Wistar Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093801. [PMID: 37175211 PMCID: PMC10180162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat, which triggers a low-grade chronic inflammatory process. Currently, the search for compounds with anti-obesogenic effects that help reduce body weight, as well as associated comorbidities, continues. Among this group of compounds are plant extracts and flavonoids with a great diversity of action mechanisms associated with their beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory effects and/or as signaling molecules. In the bark of Tabebuia rosea tree, there are different classes of metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties, such as quercetin. Therefore, the present work studied the effect of the ethanolic extract of T. rosea and quercetin on the mRNA of inflammation markers in obesity compared to the drugs currently used. Total RNA was extracted from epididymal adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats treated with orlistat, phentermine, T. rosea extract, and quercetin. The rats treated with T. rosea and quercetin showed 36 and 31% reductions in body weight compared to the obese control, and they likewise inhibited pro-inflammatory molecules: Il6, Il1b, Il18, Lep, Hif1a, and Nfkb1 without modifying the expression of Socs1 and Socs3. Additionally, only T. rosea overexpressed Lipe. Both T. rosea and quercetin led to a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, modifying signaling pathways, which led to the regulation of the obesity-inflammation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Barrios-Nolasco
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Col. La Escalera, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07320, Mexico
| | - Aarón Domínguez-López
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina (ESM), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Angel Miliar-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Escuela Superior de Medicina (ESM), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cornejo-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Col. La Escalera, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07320, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Department de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu s/n esq. Manuel I. Stampa. Col. Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
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17
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Blasi F, Ianni F, Mangiapelo L, Pinna N, Cossignani L. In vitro anti-obesity activity by pancreatic lipase inhibition - Simple HPLC approach using EVOO as natural substrate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2786-2793. [PMID: 36583522 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic lipase (PL) is a key lipolytic enzyme in humans for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Thereby, PL is a well-recognized target in the management of obesity and its inhibition attracts the interest of researchers globally. The screening of new natural PL inhibitors as alternative strategy to the synthesis of chemical ones represents nowadays a hot topic in research. The main challenge in this matter is the lack of a universal analytical method allowing the monitoring of PL activity and the reliable quantification of lipid digestion products. RESULTS The (normal phase)-high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector [(NP)-HPLC-ELSD] method proposed in this work represents a direct and rapid strategy to simultaneously quantify the products obtained from in vitro PL digestion. As one of the main novelties, the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction from extra-virgin olive oil was selected as natural substrate. The PL activity was measured by monitoring the levels of remaining TAGs and formed free fatty acids (FFAs), using Orlistat as known inhibitor. The method validation confirmed the adequacy of the analytical method for quantitative purposes, showing high recovery percentage values (between 99% and 103%) and low relative standard deviation (RSD%) values (between 2% and 7%) for triolein and oleic acid standard solutions, as well as appreciably low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values (respectively 58 and 177 ng mL-1 for triolein; 198 and 602 ng mL-1 for oleic acid). Finally, the developed HPLC-ELSD method was successfully applied to evaluate the inhibitory effect of a polyphenolic extract obtained from apple pomace. The results showed a comparable inhibition degree between a 4.0 mg mL-1 apple pomace solution and a 1.0 μg mL-1 Orlistat solution. CONCLUSION The proposed innovative method reveals highly sensitive and simple to follow the fate of PL digestion, thus opening the way to further investigations in the research of new potentially anti-obesity compounds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Blasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciano Mangiapelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lina Cossignani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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18
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Yehia SM, Ayoub IM, Watanabe M, Devkota HP, Singab ANB. Metabolic profiling, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition potential of Iris pseudacorus L. from Egypt and Japan: A comparative study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5233. [PMID: 36997571 PMCID: PMC10063562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genus Iris comprises numerous and diverse phytoconstituents displaying marked biological activities. The rhizomes, and aerial parts of Iris pseudacorus L. cultivars from Egypt and Japan were subjected to comparative metabolic profiling using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH assay. In vitro enzyme inhibition potential against α-glucosidase, tyrosinase and lipase was evaluated. In silico molecular docking was conducted on the active sites of human α-glucosidase and human pancreatic lipase. Forty-three compounds were tentatively identified including flavonoids, isoflavonoids, phenolics and xanthones. I. pseudacorus rhizomes extracts (IPR-J and IPR-E) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 40.89 µg/mL and 97.97 µg/mL, respectively (Trolox IC50 value was 14.59 µg/mL). Moreover, IPR-J and IPR-E exhibited promising α-glucosidase inhibitory activity displaying IC50 values of 18.52 µg/mL, 57.89 µg/mL, respectively being more potent as compared to acarbose with IC50 value of 362.088 µg/mL. All extracts exerted significant lipase inhibitory activity exhibiting IC50 values of 2.35, 4.81, 2.22 and 0.42 µg/mL, respectively compared to cetilistat with IC50 value of 7.47 µg/mL. However, no tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed for all I. pseudacorus extracts up to 500 µg/mL. In silico molecular modelling revealed that quercetin, galloyl glucose, and irilin D exhibited the highest fitting scores within the active sites of human α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. ADMET prediction (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) showed that most of the phytoconstituents exhibited promising pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and tolerable toxicity properties. According to our findings, I. pseudacorus might be considered as a valuable source for designing novel phytopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Yehia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iriny M Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Masato Watanabe
- School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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19
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Duda-Chodak A, Tarko T. Possible Side Effects of Polyphenols and Their Interactions with Medicines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062536. [PMID: 36985507 PMCID: PMC10058246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important component of plant-derived food with a wide spectrum of beneficial effects on human health. For many years, they have aroused great interest, especially due to their antioxidant properties, which are used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Unfortunately, as with any chemical substance, depending on the conditions, dose, and interactions with the environment, it is possible for polyphenols to also exert harmful effects. This review presents a comprehensive current state of the knowledge on the negative impact of polyphenols on human health, describing the possible side effects of polyphenol intake, especially in the form of supplements. The review begins with a brief overview of the physiological role of polyphenols and their potential use in disease prevention, followed by the harmful effects of polyphenols which are exerted in particular situations. The individual chapters discuss the consequences of polyphenols’ ability to block iron uptake, which in some subpopulations can be harmful, as well as the possible inhibition of digestive enzymes, inhibition of intestinal microbiota, interactions of polyphenolic compounds with drugs, and impact on hormonal balance. Finally, the prooxidative activity of polyphenols as well as their mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects are presented. According to the authors, there is a need to raise public awareness about the possible side effects of polyphenols supplementation, especially in the case of vulnerable subpopulations.
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20
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Luu LK, Thangsiri S, Sahasakul Y, Aursalung A, Inthachat W, Temviriyanukul P, On-Nom N, Chupeerach C, Suttisansanee U. Nutrients, Phytochemicals and In Vitro Disease Prevention of Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz Fruit. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040950. [PMID: 36839313 PMCID: PMC9960393 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz is an evergreen tree in the Sapindaceae family, mostly found in the forests of some Southeast Asia countries, especially Thailand. The lack of biological information regarding this tree has led to inappropriate agricultural management, conservation and utilization. Thus, this study aims to examine the nutritional composition, organic acid and phenolic profiles and in vitro health properties through several key enzyme inhibitions against some civilization diseases including Alzheimer's disease (β-secretase (BACE-1), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), obesity (lipase), hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)) and diabetes (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase and α-glucosidase) on the aril (flesh) part of N. hypoleucum Kurz fruit. The remaining fruit parts including the pericarp (peel) and seed were also assessed as sources of potential phenolics as well as key enzyme inhibitors. As results, carbohydrate (17.18 g) was found to be a major source of energy (74.80 kcal) in the aril (100 g fresh weight), with trace amounts of protein (0.78 g) and fat (0.32 g). The fruit aril also contained high insoluble dietary fiber (5.02 g) and vitamin C (11.56 mg), while potassium (215.82 mg) was detected as the major mineral. Organic acid profile indicated that the aril was rich in citric acid, while the phenolic profile suggested predominant quercetin and kaempferol. Interestingly, high gallic acid contents were detected in both pericarp and seed, with the latter 3.2-fold higher than the former. The seed also possessed the highest total phenolic content (TPC, 149.45 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), while total anthocyanin content (TAC, 0.21 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent/g dry weight) was only detected in pericarp. High TPC also led to high enzyme inhibitory activities in seed including BACE-1, AChE, BChE, ACE, DPP-IV and α-glucosidase. Interestingly, aril with the highest α-amylase inhibition suggested strong inhibitory distribution, predominantly from quercetin and kaempferol. Lipase inhibitory activities were only detected in the aril and pericarp, suggesting the biological function of these two phenolics and possibly anthocyanins.
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da Silva TBV, Dias MI, Pereira C, Mandim F, Ivanov M, Soković M, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L, Seixas FAV, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Purple tea: chemical characterization and evaluation as inhibitor of pancreatic lipase and fat digestion in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1761-1772. [PMID: 36723015 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02442j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A variety of the classic green tea plant, Camellia sinensis, was developed and is exclusive to Kenya. Due to high content of anthocyanin polyphenols in its leaves, the beverage obtained from this variety is purple in color and is the origin of the name purple tea. This work had two main purposes. The first one was to identify and quantify the major anthocyanin polyphenols in a hot water aqueous extract of the purple tea leaves. The second one was to test the hypothesis if this extract is capable of inhibiting triglyceride absorption considering that anthocyanin polyphenolics have been frequently associated to antilipidemic effects. Parallel experiments were always done with a similar green tea extract for comparison purposes. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of both tea varieties are similar. The purple tea extract, however, was strongly inhibitory toward the pancreatic lipase (minimal IC50 = 67.4 μg mL-1), whereas the green tea preparation was a weak inhibitor. Triglyceride digestion in mice was inhibited by the purple tea extract starting at 100 mg kg-1 dose and with a well-defined dose dependence. Green tea had no effect on triglyceride digestion at doses up to 500 mg kg-1. The latter effect is probably caused by several components in the purple tea extract including non-anthocyanin and anthocyanin polyphenols, the first ones acting solely via the inhibition of the pancreatic lipase and the latter by inhibiting both the lipase and the transport of free fatty acids from the intestinal lumen into the circulating blood. The results suggest that the regular consumption of Kenyan purple tea can be useful in the control of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Barlati Vieira da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mandim
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Santa Apolonia Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Flávio Augusto Vicente Seixas
- Department of Technology, and Post-graduate Program of Molecular and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry and Post-graduate Program of Food Science, State University of Maringa, Parana 87020-900, Brazil.
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22
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Deora N, Venkatraman K. Lipase activity inhibited by aloenin A: Glycoside from Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.-In vitro and molecular docking studies. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3002. [PMID: 36495231 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is taking over many parts of the world and has been identified as the second leading cause of preventable death, with a dramatic increase in prevalence over the last two decades. Pancreatic lipase is a lipid-digesting enzyme that plays an important role in fat metabolism. Inhibiting pancreatic lipase is an attractive target for obesity treatment. Phytochemicals or bioactive compounds/extracts isolated from medicinal plants offer a promising platform for the development of pancreatic lipase inhibitors. This study aims to characterize and investigate the effect of aloenin A, glycoside found in Aloe vera, as a possible inhibitor of pancreatic lipase in vitro and in silico. A. vera extract had an IC50 value of 0.5472 μg/ml, whereas aloenin A had an IC50 value of 14.95 μg/mL and was found to inhibit in a competitive manner. These findings were supported by molecular docking studies, which revealed that aloenin A binds to the substrate binding site with a binding energy of - 7.16 kcal/mol, and this binding site is stabilized by three hydrogen bonds contributed by Phe77 and Asp79 . Our findings suggest that the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of A. vera on pancreatic lipase can be attributed in part to the presence of aloenin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Deora
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Venkatraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Hardinsyah H, Gunawan WB, Nurkolis F, Alisaputra D, Kurniawan R, Mayulu N, Taslim NA, Tallei TE. Antiobesity potential of major metabolites from Clitoria ternatea kombucha: Untargeted metabolomic profiling and molecular docking simulations. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100464. [PMID: 36875892 PMCID: PMC9976213 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing and poses serious health risks accompanied by a decrease in life expectancy and quality of life. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of natural-derived nutraceuticals against obesity and its comorbidities needs to be explored. Molecular inhibition of lipase enzymes and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein has attracted some recent interest in efforts to find antiobesity agents. This study aims to innovate a fermented drink from Clitoria ternatea kombucha (CTK), find out their metabolites profile, and determine the antiobesity potential through a molecular docking study. The CTK formulation refers to previous research while the metabolites profile was determined using HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Major compounds were selected based on best match value > 99.0% of the M/Z cloud database. A total of 79 compounds were identified in CTK, and 13 ideal compounds were selected to be simulated in the molecular docking study against human pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic lipase, and FTO proteins. The study found that Kaempferol, Quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, Quercetin, Dibenzylamine, and α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone showed the best potential as functional antiobesity compounds since their affinity value ranked high in each respective receptor. In conclusion, the major compounds of CTK metabolites have the potential to be promising functional foods against obesity. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies should validate these health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardinsyah Hardinsyah
- Applied Nutrition Division, Community Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Alumnus of Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Darmawan Alisaputra
- Department of Chemistry, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rudy Kurniawan
- Alumnus of Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Nelly Mayulu
- Department of Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia
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24
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Li MM, Chen YT, Ruan JC, Wang WJ, Chen JG, Zhang QF. Structure-activity relationship of dietary flavonoids on pancreatic lipase. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100424. [PMID: 36618100 PMCID: PMC9813676 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase is a very important digestive enzyme for triglyceride absorption in vivo. The inhibitory activities of 26 dietary flavonoids, including flavone, flavanone, isoflavone and flavanol, on lipase were determined. Flavone exhibited stronger inhibitory activity than other types of flavonoids. Among them, luteolin exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 99 ± 11 μM, followed by quercetin and baicalein. The binding affinity of these flavonoids with lipase was investigated by fluorescence titration method. The binding affinity of flavones was stronger than flavanones, and was linearly positively correlated with their inhibitory activity. The binding of flavones on lipase caused the blue-shift of fluorescence, while flavanones caused red-shift. The analysis of structure-activity relationship of flavonoids on lipase revealed that the structure of C ring is very crucial. The hydrogenation of C2=C3 bond and the absence of C=O group in C ring both caused significant decrease of inhibitory activity. Besides, the hydroxylation on ring A and B of flavones increased the activity, while glycosylation weakened the activity. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that C2=C3 bond in C ring of flavones increases the π-conjugation and contributes to maintaining the planarity of flavonoid structure, which favour its Pi-Pi interaction with lipase.
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25
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Shen H, Wang J, Ao J, Ye L, Shi Y, Liu Y, Li M, Luo A. The inhibitory mechanism of pentacyclic triterpenoid acids on pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Peng H, Shahidi F. Quercetin Fatty Acid Monoesters (C2:0-C18:0): Enzymatic Preparation and Antioxidant Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14073-14083. [PMID: 36259733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin monoesters were prepared via a one-step enzymatic transesterification. The main acylation products were eight quercetin ester derivatives, respectively, consisting of varying acyl groups ranging from 2 to 18 carbon atoms (acetate, butyrate, caproate, caprylate, caprate, laurate, myristate, and stearate). The purified quercetin esters were structurally characterized by LC-ESI-ToF and NMR HSQC. Meanwhile, several classical chemical (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Fe2+ chelation assays), food (β-carotene bleaching assay), and biological (LDL and DNA oxidation assays) models were constructed to evaluate and systematically compare their antioxidant efficacy. O-Acylation increased the lipophilicity of quercetin derivatives, and lipophilicity increased with the increasing chain length of the acyl group. The dual effect of the acyl chain length on biasing quercetin monoesters' antioxidant efficacies has been summarized and verified. Overall, the results imply that the acylated quercetin have great potential as functional/health-beneficial ingredients for use in lipid-based matrices of cosmetics, supplements, and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NewfoundlandA1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NewfoundlandA1C 5S7, Canada
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27
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Cytotoxicity and Lipase Inhibition of Essential Oils from Amazon Annonaceae Species. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils from Amazonian species are gaining increasing interest worldwide due to their medicinal and cosmetic applications; however, the relation among the chemical constituents and their biological properties are not well explored. Therefore, the present research aims to obtain an understanding of the bioactivity of chemical compounds in the essential oils of plants from the Annonaceae family (Bocageopsis pleiosperma, Onychopetalum amazonicum, Unonopsis duckei, U. floribunda, U. rufescens, U.stipitata, U. guatterioides, Duguetia flagellaris and Xylopia benthamii). By means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, in vitro cytotoxic and anti-lipase assays, principal component analysis and molecular docking, it was possible to establish the main compounds that may be responsible for the cytotoxic effect of O. amazonicum and B. pleiosperma. Moreover, the anti-lipase potential of D. flagellaris was also established, as well as its composition related to the activity. Thus, by the employed strategy, allo-aromadendrene, cryptomerione, δ-cadinene and β-bisabolene were suggested as plausible cytotoxic agents against cancer cell lines, and dehydroaromadendrene, spathulenol and elemol, against lipase. The present study provides significant information on the chemical profile and bioactivity studies of Amazon Annonaceae aromatic plants.
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28
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Huang X, Huang Z, Sun L, Qiu M, Deng Q, Fang Z, Wang Y. Protective mechanisms of three antioxidants against T-2 toxin-induced muscle protein deterioration in shrimp. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4883-4891. [PMID: 35244220 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin (Q), tea polyphenols (TP), and rutin (R) are widely used plant-derived active ingredients. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, and can reduce the muscle damage caused by mycotoxins. However, few studies have examined the protective mechanisms of quercetin, tea polyphenols, and rutin on muscle quality. To elucidate their protective mechanisms, shrimp were exposed to both T-2 toxin and these three antioxidants for 20 days in a dose-escalating trial. The changes in the protein composition of shrimp muscle were measured. The target proteins associated with T-2 and antioxidants were screened and identified by non-labeled quantitative proteomics. RESULTS The T-2 toxin induced abnormal expression of 21 target proteins, leading to the deterioration of muscle proteins in shrimp. The three antioxidants ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced damage to muscle proteins by increasing the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein content and decreasing the alkali-soluble protein content. Quercetin had the strongest protective effect. The protective processes of these antioxidants involved the upregulation of target proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, malate dehydrogenase), protein translation (elongation factor 1-alpha and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha), and cytoskeleton component (actin 2, fast-type skeletal muscle actin 1). Quercetin regulated the largest number of target proteins, making it the best protective agent against T-2 toxin. CONCLUSION The T-2 toxin (4.80-24.30 mg/kg feed) induced changes in target proteins and muscle composition of shrimp, leading to a deterioration in muscle proteins. Quercetin (2.00-32.00 g/kg feed) had significant protective effects against this deterioration in muscle protein in shrimp. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhanrui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, China
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29
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Potential Pharmaceutical Applications of Quercetin in Cardiovascular Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081019. [PMID: 36015169 PMCID: PMC9412669 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, as a member of flavonoids, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in recent decades. In this comprehensive literature review, our goal was a critical appraisal of the pathophysiological mechanisms of quercetin in relation to the classical cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hyperlipidemia), atherosclerosis, etc. We also assessed experimental and clinical data about its potential application in CVDs. Experimental studies including both in vitro methods and in vivo animal models mainly outline the following effects of quercetin: (1) antihypertensive, (2) hypolipidemic, (3) hypoglycemic, (4) anti-atherosclerotic, and (5) cardioprotective (suppressed cardiotoxicity). From the clinical point of view, there are human studies and meta-analyses implicating its beneficial effects on glycemic and lipid parameters. In contrast, other human studies failed to demonstrate consistent favorable effects of quercetin on other cardiometabolic risk factors such as MS, obesity, and hypertension, underlying the need for further investigation. Analyzing the reason of this inconsistency, we identified significant drawbacks in the clinical trials’ design, while the absence of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic tests prior to the studies attenuated the power of clinical results. Therefore, additional well-designed preclinical and clinical studies are required to examine the therapeutic mechanisms and clinical efficacy of quercetin in CVDs.
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30
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Toy JYH, Song Z, Huang D. Resin glycosides in aerial parts of Ipomoea batatas are potent lipase inhibitors: potential upcycling of sweet potato by-products to combat obesity. Food Funct 2022; 13:5353-5364. [PMID: 35470833 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00555g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a staple food crop that is cultivated globally. While the tubers are widely utilised in the food industry, 95-98% of sweet potato leaves (SPL) are disposed during harvesting. Hence, there is great potential to convert SPL into high-value food products through various processing techniques. In this regard, different varieties of Ipomoea batatas (Blackie, Blackheart, and Margarita) that were grown in Singapore were tested for their pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity using a high-throughput screening assay. Among them, the Margarita variety showed the highest PL inhibitory activity with an Orlistat Equivalent (OE) value of 3.83 ± 0.36 × 10-4. The kinetic study of the Margarita extract revealed a non-competitive inhibition mechanism. Overall, a series of resin glycosides (RG), responsible for the PL inhibitory activity, was characterised in Margarita Ipomoea batatas. To evaluate the effectiveness of RG under gastrointestinal conditions with high-fat food, in vitro digestion with salad dressing was performed. The in vitro digestion model showed that the consumption of RG with salad dressing was effective in delaying enzymatic fat digestion in a dose-dependent manner. The findings strongly suggested that the aerial parts of Ipomoea batatas have great potential to be upcycled into functional food to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Yi Hui Toy
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Zhixuan Song
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
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Nallamuthu I, Jain A, Anand T. Comparative evaluation of
Brassica oleracea
,
Ocimum basilicum
, and
Moringa oleifera
leaf extracts on lipase inhibition and adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14158. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology (NBT) Division Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO‐DFRL) Mysore India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Department of Food Technology and Management National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Sonepat India
| | - Tamatam Anand
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology (NBT) Division Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO‐DFRL) Mysore India
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32
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Sirichai P, Kittibunchakul S, Thangsiri S, On-Nom N, Chupeerach C, Temviriyanukul P, Inthachat W, Nuchuchua O, Aursalung A, Sahasakul Y, Charoenkiatkul S, Suttisansanee U. Impact of Drying Processes on Phenolics and In Vitro Health-Related Activities of Indigenous Plants in Thailand. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030294. [PMID: 35161275 PMCID: PMC8838347 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Thailand has vast areas of tropical forests with many indigenous plants, but limited information is available on their phytochemical profile and in vitro inhibitions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions. This study investigated phenolic profiles using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), antioxidant activities, and in vitro inhibitory activities of 10 indigenous plants on key enzymes related to obesity (lipase), diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and Alzheimer's disease (cholinesterases and β-secretase). The nonenzymatic anti-glycation reaction was also investigated. The 10 indigenous plants were Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth, Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.) Roscoe, Careya arborea Roxb., Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Swartz, Kaempferia roscoeana Wall., Millettia brandisiana Kurz., Momordica charantia, Phyllanthusemblica L., Zingiber cassumunar Roxb, and Zingiber citriodorum J. Mood & T. Theleide. Preparations were made by either freeze-drying or oven-drying processes. Results suggested that the drying processes had a minor impact on in vitro inhibitions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions (<4-fold difference). P. emblica was the most potent antioxidant provider with high anti-glycation activity (>80% inhibition using the extract concentration of ≤6 mg/mL), while D. esculentum effectively inhibited β-secretase activity (>80% inhibition using the extract concentration of 10 mg/mL). C. arborea exhibited the highest inhibitory activities against lipase (47-51% inhibition using the extract concentration of 1 mg/mL) and cholinesterases (>60% inhibition using the extract concentration of 2 mg/mL), while Mi. brandisiana dominantly provided α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors (>80% inhibition using the extract concentration of ≤2 mg/mL). Information obtained from this research may support usage of the oven-drying method due to its lower cost and easier preparation step for these studied plant species and plant parts. Furthermore, the information on in vitro inhibitions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions could be used as fundamental knowledge for further investigations into other biological activities such as cell culture or in vivo experiments of these health-beneficial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandaree Sirichai
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Suwapat Kittibunchakul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Nattira On-Nom
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Chaowanee Chupeerach
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Onanong Nuchuchua
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Amornrat Aursalung
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Yuraporn Sahasakul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Somsri Charoenkiatkul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.K.); (S.T.); (N.O.-N.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (W.I.); (A.A.); (Y.S.); (S.C.)
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