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Roudbari M, Barzegar M, Sahari MA, Gavlighi HA. Formulation of functional gummy candies containing natural antioxidants and stevia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31581. [PMID: 38841479 PMCID: PMC11152653 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The research aimed to enhance the nutritional value of gummy candies by incorporating pistachio green hull extract (PGHE), stevia, and starch into the formulations. The gummy candies formulations were optimized using PGHE (1-5 %), stevia (0.013-0.040 %) and gelatin-to-starch ratio (9:1, 2:8, and 3:7) by response surface methodology (RSM), central composite design (CCD), with six center points. The physicochemical and textural properties of the gummy candies were assessed. Three optimal formulations were determined, which were preferred by the majority of panelists. One of them was selected for testing total phenolic content (680.31 ± 0.6 mg GAE/100g gummy candy), antioxidant activity (IC50 = 277 μg/mL), FTIR analysis, morphology examination, and storage stability. This study resulted in the development of gummy candies that not only offer a reduced-sugar product (50 %; equal to 12 % of sucrose) with high antioxidant activity but also eliminate the need for artificial flavors and synthetic colorants in the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Roudbari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box, 4155-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box, 4155-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box, 4155-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box, 4155-336, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Kepekci RA, Şekeroğlu G, Alhveis I. Development of bioactive and environmentally friendly chitosan-based film using waste of pistachio dehulling process as a novel promising food packaging material. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132866. [PMID: 38844283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan films containing different amounts of pistachio hull methanol extract (PHE) (2 %, 4 %, 8 % w/v) were produced. LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that tannic acid (207.74 mg/g PHE), gallic acid (46.63 mg/g PHE), protocatechuic acid (27.79 mg/g PHE), quinic acid (16.41 mg/g PHE), isoquercitrin (15.2 mg/g PHE) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in PHE. The biological activity test results indicated that PHE enhanced the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan films. Chitosan-based films with 8 % PHE showed significant antimicrobial activity on all microorganisms tested. Chitosan films containing even the lowest concentration of PHE effectively inhibited DPPH free radicals, indicating a significant antioxidant activity. The increase in the amount of PHE caused a decrease in the L* value and an increase in the a* and b* values. It was found that the tensile strength and elongation at break of the films containing PHE were higher than those of the control film. Chitosan film with 4 % PHE exhibited the highest values of tensile strength (10.72 ± 1.06 MPa) and elongation at break (198.57 ± 10.34 %). FTIR analysis showed that PHE modified the intermolecular interactions in the film matrix, leading to the expansion of the CC bond and an increase in the intensity of the CO bands. Thermal analysis displayed that chitosan films incorporating PHE exhibited higher thermal stability compared to control films. PHE can be used as a bioactive supportive material in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remziye Aysun Kepekci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Gülten Şekeroğlu
- Department of Food Processing, Naci Topçuoğlu Vocational School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Iman Alhveis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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3
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Akgün M, Kıpçak E. Treatment of pistachio processing industry wastewaters by supercritical water oxidation in a continuous-flow reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38780540 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2354516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is the treatment of pistachio processing industry wastewaters (PPIW) using the supercritical water oxidation method. The experiments were conducted within a 400-600°C temperature range and a 30-150 s reaction time range, while maintaining a constant pressure of 25 MPa and using an O2/COD ratio of 1:1. To observe the effects of the initial PPIW and O2 concentrations on the treatment efficiency, experiments were also conducted with O2/COD ratios ranging from 0.5 to 3, while maintaining a constant reaction temperature and time of 500°C and 60 s, respectively. The influence of reaction temperature, reaction time and O2/COD ratio on the total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents of the liquid PPIW effluents were investigated. Treatment efficiencies up to 99.75% regarding TOC conversion and 78.72% regarding TN conversion were obtained in very short reaction times. Additionally, the kinetics of oxidation of PPIW was studied, and reaction rate expressions based on TOC and TN were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Akgün
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekin Kıpçak
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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4
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Hernandez-Castro SG, Z Flores-López L, Espinoza-Gomez H, Alonso-Nuñez G. Photocatalytic activity of silver nanoparticles@cellulose nanocomposites, from pistachio husk, in the toxic azo commercial dye degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127805. [PMID: 37918600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an over-the-counter commercial dye, containing direct blue 151 in its composition, which is also discarded without any environmental regulation, was efficiency photodegraded using a green chemistry-synthesized nanocomposites type silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) supported on pistachio husk (PH). The green synthesis (GS) of the nanocomposites was carried out using the Anemopsis californica leaf extract (ExAc) as a reducing-stabilizing agent (AgNPs/ExAc-PH), for the first time. The presence of AgNPs on the nanocomposite surface was corroborated by field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized AgNPs/ExAc-PH has a bimodal size of 24 and 25 nm (4.86 % each) and a 0.72 % of AgNPs on its surface. AgNPs were adhered to the PH surface, through secondary bonds between the Ag and the cellulose of the PH. The optimum conditions, for efficient photocatalytic degradation, were 5 mg of nanocomposite, 3.18 × 10-2 M of NaBH4, natural sunlight, and stirring; this results in a photodegradation efficiency of 100 % almost instantaneously. Furthermore, it was shown that the dye degradation process is primarily due to the photocatalytic degradation of the dye, which occurs almost instantaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayra Guadalupe Hernandez-Castro
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tijuana, Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla S/N, Mesa de Otay, C.P. 22000 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
| | - Lucía Z Flores-López
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tijuana, Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla S/N, Mesa de Otay, C.P. 22000 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico.
| | - Heriberto Espinoza-Gomez
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California/Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional, C.P. 22390 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Alonso-Nuñez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada C.P. 22860, B.C., Mexico
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Ventura G, Calvano CD, Blasi D, Coniglio D, Losito I, Cataldi TRI. Uncovering heterogeneity of anacardic acids from pistachio shells: A novel approach for structural characterization. Food Chem 2023; 426:136636. [PMID: 37348403 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Anacardic acids (AnAs) are important secondary metabolites that occur primarily in plants of the Anacardiaceae family, such as pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). Some AnAs have been associated with health benefits, and the position of the CC double bonds is a crucial feature of these metabolites. Herein, we propose a new strategy based on RPLC separation and detection by ESI-MS/MS, preceded by an epoxidation reaction. The procedure was applied to the green extracts of lignified pistachio shells, and a mixture of AnAs bearing alkyl chains 13:0, 15:0, and 17:1 emerged as prevailing. As positional isomers of AnA 15:1 (Δ8 and Δ6) and AnAs 17:1 (Δ10 and Δ8) were identified for the first time, their discovery paves the way to the systematic study of their potential health-beneficial effects. The developed method was validated and applied to quantify AnAs in pistachio ethanolic extract, showing contents higher than 10 mg/ 100 g of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Blasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Coniglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center SMART, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Advances in the Role and Mechanisms of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts as Natural Preservatives to Extend the Postharvest Shelf Life of Edible Mushrooms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040801. [PMID: 36832876 PMCID: PMC9956186 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
China has a large variety of edible mushrooms and ranks first in the world in terms of production and variety. Nevertheless, due to their high moisture content and rapid respiration rate, they experience constant quality deterioration, browning of color, loss of moisture, changes in texture, increases in microbial populations, and loss of nutrition and flavor during postharvest storage. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects of essential oils and plant extracts on the preservation of edible mushrooms and summarizes their mechanisms of action to better understand their effects during the storage of mushrooms. The quality degradation process of edible mushrooms is complex and influenced by internal and external factors. Essential oils and plant extracts are considered environmentally friendly preservation methods for better postharvest quality. This review aims to provide a reference for the development of new green and safe preservation and provides research directions for the postharvest processing and product development of edible mushrooms.
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Optimization and evaluation of anticancer, antifungal, catalytic, and antibacterial activities: biosynthesis of spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles using Pistacia vera hull extract (AuNPs@PV). ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hassan SA, Abbas M, Zia S, Maan AA, Khan MKI, Hassoun A, Shehzad A, Gattin R, Aadil RM. An appealing review of industrial and nutraceutical applications of pistachio waste. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3103-3121. [PMID: 36200872 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is consumed in almost every part of the world enclosed in shells that are thrown out in baskets. Similarly, hulls separated from pistachio are discarded as waste in food processing industries. These waste materials contain functional constituents having immense industrial and nutraceutical applications. This review article summarizes the scientific investigations regarding the functional constituents and bioactive compounds in pistachio shells (PSs) and pistachio hulls (PHs). It also highlights the nutraceutical potential exhibited by functionally active compounds as well as their potential applications in various industries including nutraceutical, medicinal, and feed industries together with biosynthetic development of useful products and wastewater treatment. Pistachio waste (PW) comprising PS and PH is a rich source of various bioactive compounds. PS is full of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. PH is an excellent source of carbohydrates (80.64 ± 0.98%) (including glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid) as well as ash (6.32 ± 0.26%) and proteins (1.80 ± 0.28%) with small amounts of fats (0.04 ± 0.005%). Owing to its composition, PW can be beneficial in many nutraceuticals, including antioxidation, cytoprotection, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-melanogenesis, neuroprotection, anti-cancer, anti-mutagenesis, anti-inflammation, and anti-microbial. The waste materials have vast applications in the food industry, such as bio-preservation of oils and meat products, prevention of enzymatic browning in fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms, development of functional cereal and dairy products, production of food enzymes, emulsions, and manufacturing of biodegradable films for food packaging. The use of these waste products to develop and design novel functional foods with improved quality is important for both food industries and food sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Hassan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mueen Abbas
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sania Zia
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Aslam Maan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège Junia, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, EA7519 - Transformations & Agro-ressources, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Richard Gattin
- UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, EA7519 - Transformations & Agro-ressources, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wojdyło A, Turkiewicz IP, Tkacz K, Nowicka P, Bobak Ł. Nuts as functional foods: Variation of nutritional and phytochemical profiles and their in vitro bioactive properties. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100418. [PMID: 36211787 PMCID: PMC9532779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional, biological and in vitro anti-diabetic, -obesity, -cholinergic of nuts. Polymeric procyanidins dominant polyphenols. Oleanic and pomolic acids dominant triterpenes. Nuts are low in Cu, Zn, Mn, Na, but rich in K and Mg. All nuts showed high activity in inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase.
The aim of the present study was to examine the nutritional (fat, fatty acids, minerals, sugars) and bioactive compounds (polyphenols, tocochromanols, triterpene) and their influence on in vitro anti-diabetic (pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase), anti-obesity (pancreatic lipase) and anti-cholinergic (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activity of 8 different popular nuts—pecan, pine, hazelnuts, pistachio, almonds, cashew, walnuts, and macadamia. The total content of phenolic compounds in nuts ranged from 432.9 (walnuts) to 5.9 (pistachio) mg/100 g. The dominant polyphenols are polymeric procyanidins (walnuts – 415.1 mg/100 g). Nuts are rich in tocochromanols (832.9–4377.5 μg/100 g), especially α- and γ-tocopherols. The highest content of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) was detected in hazelnuts and almonds (2551.0 and 2489.7 μg/100 g, respectively) while the lowest amounts were detected in macadamia, cashew and walnuts. The most abundant in nuts are oleanic and pomolic acids (35 and 22 % of total, respectively), while betulin, uvaol and erythrodiol are less characteristic triterpenes for nuts (<1%). Pine nuts are the nuts with the highest content of triterpene (690.3 mg/100 g). Pistachio and almonds are the richest in total fat (>45 %), but monounsaturated (17.5–79.3 %; hazelnuts, almonds, cashew, macadamia, pistachio and pecan) and polyunsaturated (7.5–69.3 %; pine, walnuts) are the dominant fatty acids. Moreover, nuts are low in Cu, Zn, Mn and Na content, but rich in K (464.5–1772.3 mg/100 g) and Mg (197.0–502.5 mg/100 g). Macadamia, walnuts and cashew are good sources of Se. Pistachio, almonds and cashew were characterized by the highest content of sugars, but the dominant sugar was saccharose (58.2–2399.3 mg/100 g). All nuts showed high activity in inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase (>90 %), but lower ability to inhibit pancreatic α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activity. The activity in inhibiting acetyl- and butylcholinesterase was up to 30 %. As described above, all nuts contain various compounds that improve the nutritional value. Therefore they should be one of the important components of the daily human diet rich in functional foods.
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HPLC Analysis and the Antioxidant and Preventive Actions of Opuntia stricta Juice Extract against Hepato-Nephrotoxicity and Testicular Injury Induced by Cadmium Exposure. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154972. [PMID: 35956921 PMCID: PMC9370727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Opuntia stricta is a rich source of phenolic compounds. This species generally has strong antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds isolated from Opuntia stricta, including its radical scavenging activities and preventive action against Cd-induced oxidative stress in rats. To assess the protection of prickly pear juice extract (PPJE) against Cd-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity and testicular damage, male albino rats received PPJE (250 mg kg−1) and/or Cd (1 mg kg−1) by oral administration and injection, respectively, for five consecutive weeks. The preventive action of PPJE was estimated using biochemical markers of kidney and liver tissues, antioxidant status, and histological examinations. In the present study, the lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, antioxidant status, and metallothionein levels were determined in different tissues. The chromatographic analysis indicated that PPJE extract is very rich in phenolic compounds such as verbascoside, catechin hydrate, and oleuropein. Our results showed that PPJE-treated rats had significantly (p < 0.05) decreased Cd levels in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, the administration of PPJE induced a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation of 30.5, 54.54, and 40.8 in the liver, kidney, and testicle, respectively, and an increase in antioxidant status in these tissues. Additionally, PPJE showed a strong ability to protect renal, hepatic, and testicular architectures against Cd exposure. This study revealed that PPJE protects against the toxic effects of Cd, possibly through its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
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Yuan W, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. Quantification of Phytochemicals, Cellular Antioxidant Activities and Antiproliferative Activities of Raw and Roasted American Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153002. [PMID: 35893856 PMCID: PMC9329773 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of pistachios has been linked to many potential health benefits. Phytochemicals in pistachios, including phenolics, vitamin E and carotenoids, have been considered to make contributions to the health benefits. The objectives of this study were (1) to explore the phytochemical profiles (total phenolics and total flavonoids, including both free and bound forms), selected phytochemicals, vitamin E and carotenoids of raw and roasted pistachios; (2) to determine total antioxidant activity and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA); and (3) to explore antiproliferative activities of pistachio extracts against human breast, liver and colon cancer cells in vitro. Both raw and roasted pistachios contained high total phenolics, at 479.9 ± 10.2 (raw) and 447.9 ± 9.4 (roasted) mg GAE/100 g, respectively, and high flavonoids, at 178.4 ± 10.6 (raw) and 144.1 ± 7.4 (roasted) mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The contributions of the free form to the total phenolics in pistachios were 82% (raw) and 84% (roasted), respectively, and the contributions of the free form to the total flavonoids in pistachios were 65% (raw) and 70% (roasted), respectively. Gentisic acid and catechin were the major phenolics in raw and roasted pistachios, respectively. Both raw and roasted pistachios had similar total antioxidant activity evaluated by Oxygen-Radical-Scavenging Capacity (ORAC) assay, at 7387.9 ± 467 (raw) and 7375.3 ± 602 (roasted) μmol TE/100 g, respectively. Both raw and roasted pistachio extracts exhibited cellular antioxidant activity inhibiting peroxyradical radical-induced oxidation, with CAA values of 77.39 ± 4.25 (wash) and 253.71 ± 19.18 (no wash) μmol QE/100 g of raw pistachios and 115.62 ± 3.02 (wash) and 216.76 ± 6.6 (no wash) μmol QE/100 g of roasted pistachios. Roasted pistachios contained more vitamin E when compared with raw pistachios, while raw pistachios contained more carotenoids than the roasted pistachios. Additionally, the free form of roasted pistachios extracts exhibited superior antiproliferation activity against HepG2, Caco-2 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with EC50 34.73 ± 1.64, 36.66 ± 3.3 and 7.41 ± 0.82 mg per mL, respectively. These results provided new knowledge about the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activity, cellular antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity of raw and roasted pistachios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yuan
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (W.Y.); (B.Z.)
- Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou 510670, China
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-6235
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Moreno-Rojas JM, Velasco-Ruiz I, Lovera M, Ordoñez-Díaz JL, Ortiz-Somovilla V, De Santiago E, Arquero O, Pereira-Caro G. Evaluation of Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Eleven Pistachio Cultivars ( Pistacia vera L.) Cultivated in Andalusia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040609. [PMID: 35453293 PMCID: PMC9029509 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is a nut with a good adaptability to the Mediterranean conditions of cultivation, specifically in the Andalusian region, becoming an emerging crop. Moreover, it has been getting attention in the past years for the great content of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Although some studies have reported the polyphenolic profile of pistachios, most of them have analyzed the hull part, considered as a residue, and not the kernel which is the edible part. Therefore, characterization of eleven varieties of pistachios kernels cultivated in Andalusia and harvested in 2019 and 2020 was carried out by UHPLC-MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry). The identification and quantification of 56 polyphenolic compounds was performed, being the hydroxybenzoic acids group the most abundant with a 71−86% of the total amount followed by flavan-3-ols group that accounted for 8−24%. Moreover, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid was the main compound in most of the varieties, followed by vanillic acid hexoside. Larnaka, Avdat, Aegina, and Mateur presented the highest amount of total polyphenols, while Kalehghouchi, Joley, Lost Hills, Kerman, and Golden Hills were the varieties with the lowest content. Regarding the harvest season, no significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the total amount of polyphenols between 2019 and 2020. In addition, the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assays, showing a similar trend as that of the polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Velasco-Ruiz
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Lovera
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Technology, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Ordoñez-Díaz
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortiz-Somovilla
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elsy De Santiago
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Octavio Arquero
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Technology, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality Area, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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13
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Mohammadi G, Karimi AA, Hafezieh M, Dawood MAO, Abo-Al-Ela HG. Pistachio hull polysaccharide protects Nile tilapia against LPS-induced excessive inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, possibly via TLR2 and Nrf2 signaling pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:276-284. [PMID: 34968712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrates found in living organisms, which have several physiological functions. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed diets containing three levels (0%, 0.2%, and 0.6%) of Pistacia vera hull polysaccharide (PHP) for 45 days and then injected with PBS or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Before the LPS challenge, Nile tilapia fed 0.2% and 0.6% PHP showed significantly increased mean final weight and weight gain compared to those received 0% PHP. The specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in the treatment fed 0.6% PHP compared to the remaining groups. After LPS challenge, the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase exhibited the highest values in the 0.6% PHP group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly augmented in the model (fed 0% PHP diet and injected with LPS) and 0.2% PHP groups compared to the control. However, MDA showed decreased levels in the 0.6% PHP group. LPS induced higher mRNA and/or protein levels of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in Nile tilapia liver. However, PHP administration significantly upregulated the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SOD, and CAT, but markedly suppressed TLR2, NF-κB, Myd88, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and/or production in the liver. The findings of the current study indicated that PHP has positive effects on growth performance, immune gene-related expression, and antioxidative activities. We can conclude that PHP can attenuate LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in vivo, possibly via induction of Nrf2 and blockade of TLR2/Myd88/NF-κB pathways in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Karimi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hafezieh
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt.
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14
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Harandi H, Falahati-Pour SK, Mahmoodi M, Faramarz S, Maleki H, Nasab FB, Shiri H, Fooladi S, Nematollahi MH. Nanoliposomal formulation of pistachio hull extract: preparation, characterization and anti-cancer evaluation through Bax/Bcl2 modulation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2735-2743. [PMID: 35037194 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pistachio is one of the main crops in Iran. Pistachio green hull, as a by-product of this fruit, is obtained in large quantities after the processing of pistachios. This novel work was designed to examine the possible anti-cancer impact of the pistachio hull extract in the liposomal form (PHEL) on HepG2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The thin-film hydration approach was used for preparing liposomes and the physicochemical features of the liposomes were subsequently characterized. Afterward, apoptosis and the expression of genes related to apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. According to the results, the size range of PHEL was between 198 and 201 nm with a negative surface charge of - 39.2 to - 42.9 mV. As revealed by the flow cytometry results, this liposomal extract exhibits good potential for the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the qPCR results demonstrated the up-regulation of p53 and Bax expressions and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression with an associated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio up-regulation. CONCLUSION The flow cytometry and real-time PCR results indicated the potential of this liposomal extract as an anti-cancer drug candidate for the treatment of liver cancer in the future, and the mitochondrial pathway involving the up-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio can mediate its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Harandi
- Department of Biochemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Shiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saba Fooladi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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15
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Mohammadi G, Hafezieh M, Karimi AA, Azra MN, Van Doan H, Tapingkae W, Abdelrahman HA, Dawood MAO. The synergistic effects of plant polysaccharide and Pediococcus acidilactici as a synbiotic additive on growth, antioxidant status, immune response, and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:304-313. [PMID: 34838702 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth performance, immune responses, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia upon pistachio hulls derived polysaccharide (PHDP) and Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) separately or as synbiotic. Fish received four types of diets: T1, control; T2, PHDP (0.1%); T3, PA (0.2%); T4, PHDP (0.1%) +PA (0.2%) for 56 days. The results showed that final weight and weight gain were markedly higher in fish fed T4 diet than that given T1 and T2 diets (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, a significantly greater specific growth rate was obtained by the T4 diet compared to the control. Fish survival was significantly improved in all supplemented diets compared to the control. On the other hand, the activities of lipase, protease, and amylase showed significant increases in the T4 group compared with other feeding groups. The total leucocytes and lymphocytes proportion significantly elevated in T3 and T4 than remaining groups (P ≤ 0.05). Further, fish fed T3 diet presented significantly higher serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity (LYZ), alternative complement activity (ACH50), and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to fish fed T1 and T2 diets, while the mentioned indices were found significantly highest in T4 group than others. Fish received T3 and T4 diets had higher skin mucus LYZ and ACH50 than those fed T1 and T2 diets (P ≤ 0.05). The malondialdehyde levels were significantly declined in T3 and T4 when compared to the control. Fish fed T3 and T4 diets demonstrated significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities compared to the control. The intestinal propionic acid significantly increased by T2 and T4 diets, while the highest levels of acetic acid detected in fish given T4 diet. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were significantly affected by T3 and T4 supplements. The efficacy of T4 diet against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was documented by a significantly lower mortality rate. In conclusion, the combination of PHDP and PA presented promising results as a synbiotic feed additive for Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hafezieh
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Karimi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute for Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
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16
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Mandalari G, Barreca D, Gervasi T, Roussell MA, Klein B, Feeney MJ, Carughi A. Pistachio Nuts ( Pistacia vera L.): Production, Nutrients, Bioactives and Novel Health Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:18. [PMID: 35009022 PMCID: PMC8747606 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated positive outcomes related to tree nut consumption. Here, we review the production, nutrient, phytochemical composition and emerging research trends on the health benefits of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). Pistachios are a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Polyphenols in pistachios are important contributors to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo through animal studies and clinical trials. The antimicrobial and antiviral potential of pistachio polyphenols has also been assessed and could help overcome drug resistance. Pistachio consumption may play a role in cognitive function and has been associated with a positive modulation of the human gut microbiota and beneficial effects on skin health. Pistachio polyphenol extracts may affect enzymes involved in glucose regulation and so type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate the health benefits of including pistachios in the diet. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Bob Klein
- California Pistachio Research Board, Fresno, CA 93727, USA;
| | - Mary Jo Feeney
- Consultant to the Food and Agriculture Industries, Los Altos Hills, CA 94024, USA;
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17
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Bakhshi O, Bagherzade G, Ghamari kargar P. Biosynthesis of Organic Nanocomposite Using Pistacia vera L. Hull: An Efficient Antimicrobial Agent. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:4105853. [PMID: 34335708 PMCID: PMC8286193 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here presented a quick and easy synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Pistachio hull extract has been used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the preparation of CuNPs. This biosynthesis is a kind of supporter of the environment because chemical agents were not used to making nanoparticles, and on the other hand, it prevents the release of pistachio waste in nature and its adverse effects on nature. The biosynthesized CuNPs and CuNPs/silver Schiff base nanocomposite (CSS NC) were characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). CuNP and CSS NC antimicrobial activity was examined by both well diffusion and determination MIC methods against four bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two fungi Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. CuNPs and CSS NC showed significant antimicrobial activity on the samples, preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi at very low concentrations. CuNPs and CSS NC had the greatest effect on Escherichia coli bacteria and Aspergillus niger fungi. Phenolic compounds are one of the most important antioxidants that are involved in various fields, including pharmacy. Pistacia vera hull is a rich source of phenolic compounds. In this study, the most phenolic compound in Pistacia vera hull is gallic acid and rutin, which has been identified by HPLC analysis. In this study, Pistacia vera hull essential oil analysis was performed by the GC-MS method, in which α-pinene, D-limonene, and isobornyl acetate compounds constitute the highest percentage of Pistacia vera hull essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolbanin Bakhshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
| | - Ghodsieh Bagherzade
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
| | - Pouya Ghamari kargar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
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18
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Pakzadeh R, Goli SAH, Abdollahi M, Varshosaz J. Formulation optimization and impact of environmental and storage conditions on physicochemical stability of pistachio milk. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Tunisian Pistachio Hull Extracts: Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Foodborne Pathogen Inhibition. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9953545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to discriminate pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hulls belonging to three different Tunisian geographical origins and extracted separately by hexane, acetone, acetonitrile, and water in terms of phytochemicals and antioxidant and antibacterial activities using multivariate analysis. Significant differences (
) in the phytochemical content, antioxidant, and antifoodborne bacterial activities were detected among the pistachio hulls populations. Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and heat map were used to distinguish the relationship between the different regions on the basis of the biological activities. It was found that the twelve (4 extracts × 3 geographical sources) pistachio hulls extracts could be classified geographically into four distinct groups. To explore the mode of action of the aqueous pistachio hull extract against L. monocytogenes and S. enterica, polymyxin acriflavine lithium chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol (PALCAM) and xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) broth media were artificially contaminated at 104 CFU/mL. Using linear and general linear models, aqueous pistachio hull extract was demonstrated to control the two dominant food-borne pathogens by suppressing the bacterial growth.
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20
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Smeriglio A, D'Angelo V, Denaro M, Trombetta D, Germanò MP. The Hull of Ripe Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L.) as a Source of New Promising Melanogenesis Inhibitors. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:111-117. [PMID: 33635514 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study an acidified methanol pistachio hull extract was investigated for antioxidant and inhibitory effects on melanin biosynthesis by in vitro and in vivo assays. The chromatographic analysis revealed that cyanidin-3-O-galactoside represents the main compound (98.37%). The pistachio hull extract efficiently inhibits the mono and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase (IC50= 141.07 and 116.08 μg/mL, respectively) and it was able, thanks to its strong antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities, to hinder the L-DOPA auto-oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner (125-500 μg/mL). Results of in vivo assay showed that the treatment with pistachio hull extract (10 μg/mL) reduced pigmentation in zebrafish embryos at early stages of development (60.01% of inhibition vs control). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the ripe pistachio hull may be considered as a promising source of antioxidant and skin whitening agents for the development of new products useful in preventing the pigmentation disorders in humans and/or to improve the food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
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21
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Mohammadi G, Rafiee G, El Basuini MF, Abdel-Latif HMR, Dawood MAO. The growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunological responses, and the resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed Pistacia vera hulls derived polysaccharide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:36-43. [PMID: 32739534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the supplementation of dietary Pistacia vera hulls derived polysaccharide (PHDP) at varying levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg diet) on the growth rate, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and antioxidative capacity of Nile tilapia. After the feeding trial (60 days), fish were injected intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila, and the cumulative mortality was calculated for 10 days. The final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate, amylase activity, red blood cells, hemoglobin, serum total protein, and serum lysozyme activity (LZM) were significantly higher in fish fed PHDP at 5 and 10 g/kg than fish fed 0 and 2.5 g/kg diet (P ≤ 0.05). However, the feed conversion ratio and glucose levels were significantly decreased by 5 and 10 g PHDP/kg diet. Further, the protease digestive activity, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum alternative complement (ACH50) had higher values in fish fed 5 g PHDP/kg diet than tilapia fed 0 g PHDP/kg diet (P ≤ 0.05). The serum protease and immunoglobulin (Ig) presented the highest values in fish fed 10 g PHDP/kg diet followed by fish fed 5 g PHDP/kg diet (P ≤ 0.05). The LZM, ACH50, and Ig in the mucus samples were significantly higher in fish fed 5 or 10 g PHDP/kg diet than fish fed 0 g PHDP/kg diet (P ≤ 0.05). The levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver tissue was significantly higher in fish fed 5 or 10 g PHDP/kg diet than fish fed 2.5 g PHDP/kg diet (P ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, malondialdehyde concentration was significantly lower in tilapia fed 5 and 10 g PHDP/kg diet than tilapia fed 0 and 2.5 g PHDP/kg diet (P ≤ 0.05). The lowest mortality rate and the highest relative percentage survival were in fish fed 5 g/kg followed by 10 g level after 10 days of A. hydrophila injection. Accordingly, dietary PHDP at 5-10 g/kg is recommended to improve the growth performance, antioxidative capacity, immune response, and resistance against A. hydrophila in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 331585-4314, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 331585-4314, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammed F El Basuini
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Behera province, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
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22
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Munekata PES, Gullón B, Pateiro M, Tomasevic I, Domínguez R, Lorenzo JM. Natural Antioxidants from Seeds and Their Application in Meat Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E815. [PMID: 32883005 PMCID: PMC7555033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of synthetic antioxidants in the food industry has raised important questions about the effects of prolonged consumption on human health. On top of that, the consumption of meat products has been changing due to the awareness generated by health-related organizations. In this sense, exploring strategies to develop and produce healthier meat products has become a paramount concern. Several studies explored the composition of several seeds to characterize and explore the compounds with antioxidant activity, which are mainly composed of polyphenols. The use of antioxidant extracts in meat products has shown important results to delay the oxidative reactions in meat products derived from the processing and storage of meat products. Moreover, these extracts can also replace synthetic antioxidants and preserve the quality of meat products. Therefore, the aims of this review are first, to present the sources and compounds with antioxidant activity in seeds, and second, to discuss their protective effect against oxidative reactions in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia no. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (P.E.S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (B.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia no. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (P.E.S.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ruben Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (B.G.); (R.D.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia no. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (P.E.S.M.); (M.P.)
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Abdi Gorabi S, Mohammadzadeh H, Rostampour M. The Effects of Ripe Pistachio Hulls Hydroalcoholic Extract and Aerobic Training on Learning and Memory in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Male Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:525-534. [PMID: 33613891 PMCID: PMC7878044 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has harmful effects on body functions, such as learning and memory. According to the role of exercise and medicinal plants on body health, the purpose of this study was to survey the effect of combined aerobic training and the use of Ripe Pistachio Hulls (RPH) hydro-alcoholic extract on learning and memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats weighing 250–280 g were used in 6 groups with an equal number of 7 rats in each one. Streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg / kg)was used to induce diabetes, and the test protocol was applied for 8 weeks. Passive avoidance memory was assessed using a step-through passive avoidance apparatus (shuttle box). SPSS software was used to analyze the data and P<0.05 was significant. Results: The results showed that step-through latency in the acquisition trial (STLa) was not significantly different among groups. Step-through latency in retrieval (STLr 24) test significantly reduced and time spent in The Dark Compartment (TDC) decreased in treated groups compared with the diabetic control groups (P<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the STZ and saline diabetic groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the RPH hydro-alcoholic extract and aerobic exercise could improve passive avoidance memory in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Meanwhile, they might be an adjuvant therapy combined with other traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abdi Gorabi
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hasan Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Gacem MA, Ould El Hadj-Khelil A, Boudjemaa B, Gacem H. Phytochemistry, Toxicity and Pharmacology of Pistacia lentiscus, Artemisia herba-alba and Citrullus colocynthis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38881-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Seifaddinipour M, Farghadani R, Namvar F, Bin Mohamad J, Muhamad NA. In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of the Most Cytotoxic Fraction of Pistachio Hull Extract in Breast Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E1776. [PMID: 32295069 PMCID: PMC7221789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pistacia (Pistacia vera) hulls (PV) is a health product that has been determined to contain bioactive phytochemicals which have fundamental importance for biomedical use. In this study, PV ethyl acetate extraction (PV-EA) fractions were evaluated with the use of an MTT assay to find the most cytotoxic fraction, which was found to be F13b1/PV-EA. After that, HPTLC was used for identify the most active compounds. The antioxidant activity was analyzed with DPPH and ABTS tests. Apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells by F13b1/PV-EA was validated via flow cytometry analysis and a distinctive nuclear staining method. The representation of genes like Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Bax, Bcl-2, CAT and SOD was assessed via a reverse transcription (RT_PCR) method. Inhabitation of Tubo breast cancer cell development was examined in the BALB-neuT mouse with histopathology observations. The most abundant active components available in our extract were gallic acid and the flavonoid quercetin. The F13b1/PV-EA has antiradical activity evidence by its inhibition of ABTS and DPPH free radicals. F13b1/PV-EA displayed against MCF-7 a suppressive effect with an IC50 value of 15.2 ± 1.35 µg/mL. Also, the expression of CAT, SOD, Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Bax increased and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. F13b1/PV-EA dose-dependently inhibited tumor development in cancer-induced mice. Thus, this finding introduces F13b1/PV-EA as an effectual apoptosis and antitumor active agent against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seifaddinipour
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Reyhaneh Farghadani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Farideh Namvar
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran
| | - Jamaludin Bin Mohamad
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Airina Muhamad
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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Aldayel TS, Grace MH, Lila MA, Yahya MA, Omar UM, Alshammary G. LC-MS characterization of bioactive metabolites from two Yemeni Aloe spp. with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Noorolahi Z, Sahari MA, Barzegar M, Ahmadi Gavlighi H. Tannin fraction of pistachio green hull extract with pancreatic lipase inhibitory and antioxidant activity. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13208. [PMID: 32189358 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (present in different parts of the plant) have beneficial properties such as antioxidant and inhibition of key enzymes. In this research, antioxidant and anti-lipase activity of pistachio green hull (PGH) extract was investigated. Fractionation of PGH on Sephadex LH-20 furnished a tannin enriched fraction with higher antioxidant activity respect to that of the extract and of the non-tannin fraction. UHPL/MS2 analyses showed the presence of phenolic compounds including galloyl-O-hexoside, galloyl-shikimic acid, galloylquinic acid, and gallic acid in tannin fraction. PGH-extract was an un-competitive inhibitor against porcine pancreatic lipase so that its IC50 value was 2.26 mg/ml. In the same phenol amount (490 µg), anti-lipase activity of the tannin fraction was also more than non-tannin fraction and crude PGH-extract. This is probably due to the presence of some active polyphenolic compounds such as gallic acid. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Pistachio is native to the arid regions of Central and West Asia including Iran. The green hull is main by-product of pistachio industry that has numerous phenolic compounds. Our results showed that the pistachio green hull extract has antioxidant and anti-lipase activity and these activities in its tannin fraction were higher than non-tannin fraction. Therefore, the PGH extract and its tannin fraction can be used as potential substitutes of anti-obesity drugs. This allows the use of pistachio processing waste and reduces the amount of waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Noorolahi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Correddu F, Lunesu MF, Buffa G, Atzori AS, Nudda A, Battacone G, Pulina G. Can Agro-Industrial By-Products Rich in Polyphenols be Advantageously Used in the Feeding and Nutrition of Dairy Small Ruminants? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010131. [PMID: 31947543 PMCID: PMC7022336 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the Mediterranean area, where dairy sheep and goats are widespread, the use of by-products in the diet of small ruminants is an ancient practice. Today the great availability of industrial by-products produced at the local level (e.g., grape, olive, tomato and myrtle residues), appears to be a promising strategy for reducing competition with human edible foods and the cost of off-farm produced feeds since they are imported worldwide. Moreover, these co-feeds can contribute to reducing the ecological and water footprint associated with crop cultivation. The presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, confers added value to these materials. Several positive aspects are apparent when such by-products are included in the diets of small dairy ruminants, in particular on ruminal metabolism, animal health, and the quality of derived products. Abstract Recently, the interest in industrial by-products produced at the local level in Mediterranean areas, resulting from fruit and vegetable processes, has increased because of their considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. In this review, we analyze the most recent scientific results concerning the use of agro-industrial by-products, naturally rich in polyphenols (BPRP), in the diets of small dairy ruminants. Effects on milk production, milk and rumen liquor fatty acid profile, metabolic parameters, and methane production are reviewed. The feed intake and digestibility coefficients were generally depressed by BPRP, even though they were not always reflected in the milk yield. The main observed positive effects of BPRP were on quality of the milk’s FA profile, antioxidant activity in milk and blood, a reduction of rumen ammonia, and, consequently, a reduction of milk and blood urea. The expected beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in small ruminants were not always observed because of their complex and variable matrices. However, owing to the large quantities of these products available at low prices, the use of BPRB in small ruminant nutrition offers a convenient solution to the valorization of residues arising from agricultural activities, reducing feed costs for farmers and conferring added value to dairy products at the local level, in a sustainable way.
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Tatzber F, Wonisch W, Lackner S, Lindschinger M, Pursch W, Resch U, Trummer C, Murkovic M, Zelzer S, Holasek S, Cvirn G. A Micromethod for Polyphenol High-Throughput Screening Saves 90 Percent Reagents and Sample Volume. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010011. [PMID: 31877807 PMCID: PMC7023636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that polyphenols are important natural substances with pronounced antioxidative properties. This study aimed to develop a fast and reliable method to determine total polyphenol content (TPC) in foodstuffs and human samples. The microtitration format offers the advantage of low sample volumes in the microlitre range, facilitating high-throughput screening with 40 samples simultaneously. We accordingly adjusted the so-called Folin–Ciocalteu method to a microtitre format (polyphenols microtitre—PPm) with 90% reduction of reagents. The assay was standardized with gallic acid in the range between 0.1 and 3 mM, using a 20 µL sample volume. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 5%, and inter-assay CV was in the range of 10%. Wavelength was measured at 766 nm after two hours of incubation. This micromethod correlates significantly with both the classical Folin–Ciocalteu method and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) (r2 = 0.9829). We further observed a significant correlation between PPm and total antioxidants (r2 = 0.918). The highest polyphenol concentrations were obtained for red, blue, and black fruits, vegetables, and juices. Extracts of red grapes could be harvested almost sugar free and might serve as a basis for polyphenol supplementation. Beer, flour, and bread contained polyphenol concentrations sufficient to meet the minimal daily requirement. We conclude that PPm is a sensitive and reliable method that detects polyphenols even in samples diluted 10-fold. The literature strongly recommends further investigations on the effects of polyphenol uptake on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Tatzber
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Meinrad Lindschinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, Outpatient Clinic Laßnitzhöhe, 8301 Laßnitzhöhe, Austria;
| | - Werner Pursch
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christopher Trummer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.T.); (S.L.); (W.P.); (S.H.)
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Devision of Physiological Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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Oskoueian E, Karimi E, Noura R, Ebrahimi M, Shafaei N, Karimi E. Nanoliposomes encapsulation of enriched phenolic fraction from pistachio hulls and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities. J Microencapsul 2019; 37:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1692941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Oskoueian
- Mashhad Branch, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Noura
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Shafaei
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Karimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Noguera-Artiaga L, Salvador MD, Fregapane G, Collado-González J, Wojdyło A, López-Lluch D, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Functional and sensory properties of pistachio nuts as affected by cultivar. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6696-6705. [PMID: 31350759 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern agriculture allows farmers to choose among different cultivars of the same fruit to fulfill their agronomic needs and consumers' demands; however, there are only a few studies that describe and compare key functional and sensory properties of different pistachio cultivars. The main objective of this study was to compare eight pistachio cultivars by analyzing key functional properties (phenolic compounds, polymeric procyanidins, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of α-amylase and β-glucosidase), aromatic compounds with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and by examining their sensory properties with a trained panel. RESULTS A combination of LC-PDA-MS-QTof (liquid chromatography photodiode array quadrupole time-off flight mass spectrometry) and electrospray ionization was used to determine two phenolic acids, nine flavonols, one anthocyanin, and three flavan-3-ols in pistachio cultivars, with a total concentration ranging from 500 to 6065 mg 100 g-1 dry weight (dw). The total polymeric procyanidins concentrations oscillated between 348 and 5919 mg 100 g-1 dw, (-)-epicatechin being the major monomer contributor. Pinene was the most abundant volatile compound (∼200 mg kg-1 dw), and, in the sensory analysis of samples, 23 sensory attributes were found to differ significantly among the cultivars. CONCLUSION The cultivar 'Larnaka' stood out as having the best functional profile (high polyphenolic content, high antioxidant activity, and high values of α-amylase and β-glucosidase inhibition), and the cultivars 'Kastel' and 'Kerman' showed the most attractive sensory properties, mainly the most intense flavor. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Noguera-Artiaga
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
| | - María D Salvador
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jacinta Collado-González
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - David López-Lluch
- Departamento de Economía Agroambiental, Ingeniería Cartográfica y Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, EPSO, UMH, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Ángel A Carbonell-Barrachina
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela (EPSO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Orihuela, Spain
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An Evaluation of the DNA-Protective Effects of Extracts from Menyanthes trifoliata L. Plants Derived from In Vitro Culture Associated with Redox Balance and Other Biological Activities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9165784. [PMID: 31737178 PMCID: PMC6816005 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9165784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Menyanthes trifoliata L. is a valuable medical plant found in Europe, North America, and Asia, which grows on peat bogs and swamps. It has long been used in folk medicine as a remedy for various ailments. This is the first report to demonstrate the protective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous methanolic extracts derived from the aerial parts (MtAPV) and roots (MtRV) of in vitro grown plants on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It describes the influence of the tested extracts on the expression of antioxidant (HO-1, NQO1, NRF2, kEAP1, and GCLC) and inflammation-related genes (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in cells stimulated with H2O2 or LPS, respectively. In addition, M. trifoliata extracts were found to moderately affect the growth of certain bacterial and fungal pathogens, with the strongest antibacterial effect found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. M. trifoliata extracts demonstrated protective effects against mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage caused by ROS, decreasing the numbers of mtDNA lesions in the ND1 and ND2 genes and nDNA damage in the TP53 and HPRT1 genes and reducing cleavage in PARP1- and γ-H2A.X-positive cells. The root extract of in vitro M. trifoliata (MtRV) appears to have better anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and protective properties than the extract from the aerial part (MtAPV). These differences in biological properties may result from the higher content of selected phenolic compounds and betulinic acid in the MtRV than in the MtAPV extract.
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Makni S, Tounsi S, Rezgui F, Trigui M, Bouassida KZ. Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. ethyl acetate fractions effects on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in carrageenan induced paw oedema in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 234:216-224. [PMID: 30552992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. (E. spinosa) locally known as "hillaioua" has always been used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation and pain. It is still being exploited by pharmaceutical companies for its potential remedial effects. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effects of E. spinosa (L.) Campd. against acute inflammation, pain and oxidative damage were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total phenols and flavonoids were evaluated. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities the E. spinosa ethyl acetate fractions of the aerial (Es EtOAc-AP) and underground (Es EtOAc-R) parts were assessed on carrageenan-induced paw oedema (100 mg/kg BW) and acetic acid-induced writhing response (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg BW), respectively. The E. spinosa fractions effects on oxidative stress markers and inflammatory parameters were determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify various chemical components. RESULTS The ethyl acetate fractions were shown to be the most active thanks to their phenolic and flavonoid contents richness. Intraperitoneal administration of E. spinosa ethyl acetate fractions at 100 mg/kg BW, one hour before carrageenan injection, significantly inhibited the oedema formation by 89.31% and 97.7% for the aerial and underground parts respectively when compared to the reference drug "dexamethasone" (51.9%). Besides, a significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) of the dermal antioxidant enzymes (the superoxide dismutase (SOD)), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed five hours after carrageenan administration. The best restoration was obtained with Es EtOAc-R (82.04%, 93.55% and 93.55% respectively for SOD, CAT and GPx activities). Moreover, EtOAc-fractions treated mice proved their ability to restore both of CRP and fibrinogen (p < 0.001). In addition, E. spinosa EtOAc-fractions attenuated abdominal contractions (p < 0.05) by 71.69% and 82.41% for the aerial part and roots respectively at 150 mg/kg BW against 100% for dichlofenac sodium used as standard drug. The phytochemical analysis of Es EtOAc-AP and Es EtOAc-R by GC-MS may explain the obtained results. The analysis of the fractions demonstrated the presence of palmitic and linoleic acids known for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic capacities. CONCLUSIONS These findings explain the traditional use of E. spinosa in folk medicine and suggest that E. spinosa fractions could be a promising herbal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Makni
- Biopesticides Laboratory (LPIP), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Slim Tounsi
- Biopesticides Laboratory (LPIP), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Fatma Rezgui
- Analysis Department of the Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Trigui
- Biopesticides Laboratory (LPIP), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Karama Zouari Bouassida
- Biopesticides Laboratory (LPIP), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Mannino G, Gentile C, Maffei ME. Chemical partitioning and DNA fingerprinting of some pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) varieties of different geographical origin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 160:40-47. [PMID: 30690343 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The genus Pistacia (Anacardiaceae family) is represented by several species, of which only P. vera L. produces edible seeds (pistachio). Despite the different flavor and taste, a correct identification of pistachio varieties based on the sole phenotypic character is sometimes hard to achieve. Here we used a combination of chemical partitioning and molecular fingerprinting for the unequivocal identification of commercial pistachio seed varieties (Bronte, Kern, Kerman, Larnaka, Mateur and Mawardi) of different geographical origin. The total phenolic content was higher in the variety Bronte followed by Larnaka and Mawardi cultivars. The total anthocyanin content was higher in Bronte and Larnaka varieties, whereas the total proanthocyanidin content was higher in Bronte, followed by Mawardi and Larnaka varieties. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analyses revealed significant (P < 0.05) higher amounts of cyanidin-3-glucoside, idein, eryodictol-7-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, luteolin-glucoside and marein in the variety Bronte, whereas higher amounts of peonidin-3-glucoside, okanin 4'-galactoside, hyperoside and quercetin-4'-glucoside were found in the variety Larnaka. The highest content of catechin was found in the Mawardi variety. A significantly (P < 0.05) higher total amount of fatty acids was found in the varieties Mateur, Kern and Bronte, followed by the varieties Larnaka and Mawardi, whereas the variety Kerman showed the lowest total fatty acid content. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses revealed the presence of several polyunsaturated fatty acids. Kern and Mateur varieties showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher amount of linoleic acid, whereas the variety Bronte showed the highest amount of oleic acid. Molecular fingerprinting was achieved by ITS DNA PCR-RFLP analysis. Three different restriction enzymes (RsaI, TaqαI and PstI) were used to selectively cleave the resulting amplicons. A TaqαI site could be selectively found in the varieties Kerman, Larnaka and Mateur, whereas the digestion of the PCR products by RsaI gave specific patters exclusively on Bronte and Mawardi. Digestion by PstI gave specific patters exclusively on the Kern variety. The results showed that the Mediterranean varieties (Mateur, Bronte and Larnaka) show similar chemical patterns and (particularly for Mateur and Larnaka) a close phylogenetic relationship, allowing a chemical and molecular partitioning with respect to the other varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Plant Physiology Unit, Dept. Life Sciences and Systems Biology. University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Dept. Life Sciences and Systems Biology. University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135, Turin, Italy.
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Zheng J, He J, Liao S, Cheng Z, Lin J, Huang K, Li X, Zheng K, Chen X, Lin L, Xia F, Liu J, Xu M, Chen T, Huang X, Cao X, Yang Z. Preventive effects of combinative natural foods produced by elite crop varieties rich in anticancer effects on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:339-355. [PMID: 30680188 PMCID: PMC6341211 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund International has released 32 anticancer effects (ACEs) that targeted every stage of cancer processes. Thus, we designed two formulas of natural food combination Diet I and Diet II, mainly produced by elite crop varieties rich in ACEs with different mixture ratios, and evaluated their cancer preventive effects on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. After 20 weeks of dietary intervention, Diet I and Diet II reduced incidence, size, and number of hepatic nodules (p < 0.01) and prevented hepatic tumor formation in NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis rats. Low-grade hepatic dysplasia incidence was 20% for Diet II and 40% for Diet I, and apparent hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) rates were both 0, while 90% HCC in control diet treatment group (p < 0.01). Diet I and Diet II ameliorated abnormal liver function enzymes, reduced serum alpha fetal protein, tumor-specific growth factor, dickkopf-related protein 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels, regulated hepatic phase I and II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, enhanced antioxidant capacity, suppressed NDEA-initiated oxidative DNA damage, and induced apoptosis coupled to down-regulation of proinflammatory, invasion, and angiogenesis markers. Daily intake of combination diet produced from ACEs-rich elite crop varieties can effectively prevent or delay occurrence and development of NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Zheng
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sufeng Liao
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zuxin Cheng
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jinke Lin
- Anxi College of Tea ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture and LandscapeHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaocen Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kaibin Zheng
- Institute of Sub‐tropical AgricultureFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
| | - Xuanyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry for Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Lihui Lin
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Fagang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry for Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ming Xu
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Tuansheng Chen
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xinying Huang
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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Sonmezdag AS, Kelebek H, Selli S. Effect of hulling methods and roasting treatment on phenolic compounds and physicochemical properties of cultivars ‘Ohadi’ and ‘Uzun’ pistachios (Pistacia vera L.). Food Chem 2019; 272:418-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pistachio green hull pectin: Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction and evaluation of its physicochemical, structural and functional properties. Food Chem 2019; 271:663-672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Catelan TBS, Santos Radai JA, Leitão MM, Branquinho LS, Vasconcelos PCDP, Heredia-Vieira SC, Kassuya CAL, Cardoso CAL. Evaluation of the toxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of the infusion of leaves of Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:132-142. [PMID: 30114515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Some species of Campomanesia are used in the folk medicine due to anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, anti-diabetes and hypercholesterolemic. However studies with Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg. are scarce. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and toxicological profile of infusion obtained from leaves of Campomanesia guazumifolia in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves infusion of C. guazumifolia was obtained in the proportion of 20 g/L (leaves/water) at 95-100 °C for 10 min in an enclosed container. The acute toxicity of the leaves infusion of C. guazumifolia lyophilized (ICG) was assessed by oral administration to female mice at doses of 500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg, and the general behavior and toxic symptoms were observed for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity model, female mice were treated orally with the ICG (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) during 28 days, and biochemical, toxic signs and the estrous cycle were evaluated. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ICG (70, 300 and 700 mg/kg) was analyzed using carrageenan-induced pleurisy and inflammatory paw (mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia). RESULTS Three flavonoids glycosylated and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid were identified in the ICG: quercetin pentose, quercetin deoxyhexoside, myricetin deoxyhexoside and quinic acid. No clinical signs of acute toxicity were observed, suggesting that the LD50 (Lethal Dose) is above 5000 mg/kg. Subacute exposure of mice to the ICG did not change significantly the hematological and biochemical parameters as well as histology of organs. The ICG increased the duration of estrous cycle in all phases, showing anti-inflammatory potential by decreasing leukocyte migration, extravasation protein in the pleural cavity and antiedematogenic activity. The ICG treatment at a dose of 700 mg/kg decreased the mechanical hyperalgesia, while at doses of 300 mg/kg and 700 mg/kg, decreased the sensitivity to the cold. CONCLUSION The results evidenced the anti-inflammatory potential with low toxicity of infusion of the leaves of C. guazumifolia, supporting the popular use of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taline Baganha Stefanello Catelan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais - Centro de Estudos de Recursos Naturais (CERNA), UEMS, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil; Curso de Farmácia - Centro Universitário de Grande Dourados - UNIGRAN, Jd. Universidade, 79.824-900 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Maicon Matos Leitão
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, UFGD, Cidade Universitária,79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Cristina Heredia-Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais - Centro de Estudos de Recursos Naturais (CERNA), UEMS, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais - Centro de Estudos de Recursos Naturais (CERNA), UEMS, 79804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Seifzadeh N, Ali Sahari M, Barzegar M, Ahmadi Gavlighi H, Calani L, Del Rio D, Galaverna G. Evaluation of polyphenolic compounds in membrane concentrated pistachio hull extract. Food Chem 2018; 277:398-406. [PMID: 30502163 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pistachio hull is a substantial source of natural polyphenols, but a substantial volume is being wasted annually. Aqueous pistachio green hull extract (PGHE) was subjected to two-stage membrane process in order to separate a polyphenol rich fraction. The membrane conditions of each stage were investigated. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH· assay; also membrane fouling was monitored. The use of the 1 kDa cellulose membrane accompanied by 4 bar pressure and 250 rpm stirring speed was observed to be successful in the separation of a fraction with the highest amount of phenolic compound and antioxidant activity, in the retentate part. UHPLC/MSn characterization of PGHE polyphenols enabled us to identify 34 compounds, including the most abundant galloylshikimic acids, gallic acid, theogallin, galloyl-O-hexoside, quercetin-O-hexoside and pyrogallol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Seifzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Noguera-Artiaga L, Pérez-López D, Burgos-Hernández A, Wojdyło A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Phenolic and triterpenoid composition and inhibition of α-amylase of pistachio kernels ( Pistacia vera L.) as affected by rootstock and irrigation treatment. Food Chem 2018; 261:240-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Özbek HN, Koçak Yanık D, Fadıloğlu S, Keskin Çavdar H, Göğüş F. Microwave-assisted extraction of non-polar compounds from pistachio hull and characterization of extracts. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2018. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0217181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods were used to obtain non-polar compounds from pistachio hull. MAE parameters (liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were studied to obtain maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions were found to be liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 (v/w), microwave power of 250 W and extraction time of 12.5 min. The extraction yields were 9.81 and 9.50% for MAE and Soxhlet methods, respectively. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tocopherol content of the extract obtained by MAE was found to be significantly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract (p < 0.05). The results showed that the extract contained α-tocopherols (567.65 mg/kg) and oleic acid (48.46%) as the major tocopherols and fatty acids. These findings propose that hull extracts can be considered as a good source of natural bioactive compounds and MAE can be a good alternative to the traditional Soxhlet method.
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43
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Response surface methodology for modelling and determination of catechin in Pistachio green hull using surfactant-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Abolhasani A, Barzegar M, Sahari MA. Effect of gamma irradiation on the extraction yield, antioxidant, and antityrosinase activities of pistachio green hull extract. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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da Silva DPB, Florentino IF, da Silva Moreira LK, Brito AF, Carvalho VV, Rodrigues MF, Vasconcelos GA, Vaz BG, Pereira-Junior MA, Fernandes KF, Costa EA. Chemical characterization and pharmacological assessment of polysaccharide free, standardized cashew gum extract (Anacardium occidentale L.). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:395-402. [PMID: 29166575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The cashew gum (Anacardium occidentale L.) is used in traditional Brazilian medicine in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, asthma, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disturbances. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we aimed at forming a chemical characterization and investigation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of cashew gum without the presence of polysaccharides in its composition (CGE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The CGE was obtained after the precipitation and removal of polysaccharides through the use of acetone. After, the acetone was removed by rotaevaporation, and the concentrated extract was lyophilized. The chemical characterization of CGE was performed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses. Mice were used for the evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. CGE was analyzed via the Irwin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced pain test, and carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The motor activity or probable sedation was verified through the chimney, open-field, and sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep tests. We investigated if the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of CGE depend of reduction in PGE2 levels, were performed the carrageenan or PGE2-induced hyperalgesia tests. RESULTS The chemical characterization of CGE showed the presence of anacardic acids as the predominant phytoconstituents. The treatment with CGE (75, 150, and 300mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the number of writhing in a dose-dependent manner. With an intermediate dose, CGE did not cause motor impairment with the chimney test or alterations in either the open-field or sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep. In the formalin-induced pain test, CGE (150mg/kg, p.o.) produced an antinociceptive effect only in the first phase of the test, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. With the same dosage, CGE also reduced the carrageenan-induced paw edema at all hours of the test, confirming its anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, CGE (150mg/kg, p.o.) presented an antihyperalgic effect at all hours of the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia test. However, this dose of CGE was not able to reduce the hyperalgesia induced by PGE2, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effect of this extract depends on the reduction in the PGE2 levels. CONCLUSION The anacardic acids are the predominant phytoconstituents identified in the CGE. The action mechanisms of CGE suggest the reduction in the PGE2 levels. These findings support the use of cashew gum in popular medicine and demonstrate that part of its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects should also be attributed to the presence of anacardic acids in its composition, independent of the presence of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iziara Ferreira Florentino
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Adriane Ferreira Brito
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Verônica Vale Carvalho
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ferreira Rodrigues
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Géssica Adriana Vasconcelos
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia Flávia Fernandes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Elson Alves Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Grace MH, Esposito D, Timmers MA, Xiong J, Yousef G, Komarnytsky S, Lila MA. In vitro lipolytic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of roasted pistachio kernel and skin constituents. Food Funct 2018; 7:4285-4298. [PMID: 27604963 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive phytochemical analysis was conducted on pistachios to identify the differential contributions of skin and kernel phytochemicals to in vitro bioactivity. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of skin and kernel non-polar extracts (SNP and KNP, respectively) indicated that the major components are fatty acids (696.36 and 879.70 mg g-1), phytosterols (16.08 and 4.28 mg g-1), and γ-tocopherol (304.17 and 397.10 μg g-1). Analysis of the skin and kernel polar extracts (SP and KP, respectively) showed that skin accumulated higher levels of phenolic compounds, especially flavan-3-ols, compared to the kernel. An (epi)catechin hexoside was the major component in SP and KP (9.8 mg g-1 and 3.3 mg g-1, respectively). Flavan-3-ols with different degrees of polymerization were detected in SP, but only the monomers were identified in the KP. Quercetin glycosides were the major flavonols present in both SP and KP. Bioassays with 3T3L1 mouse adipocytes demonstrated that all extracts decreased lipid accumulation, with SNP demonstrating the highest activity (17% inhibition). Bioassay guided fractionation of SNP indicated that the lipolytic activity was highest in the fraction consisting of linoleic acid (20%), linolenic acid (10%), and β-sitosterol (50%). Radical scavenging assays indicated that all pistachio extracts significantly inhibited ROS, while SP was the most inhibiting to NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Gene expression profiles associated with inflammation (IL6, iNOS, and COX2) were characterized in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages after treatment with pistachio extracts. SP and KP were the most potent to inhibit the expression of COX2. The SNP had the strongest effect in decreasing non-mitochondrial oxidative burst associated with inflammatory response in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Debora Esposito
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Michael A Timmers
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Jia Xiong
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Gad Yousef
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA.
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Erşan S, Güçlü Üstündağ Ö, Carle R, Schweiggert RM. Subcritical water extraction of phenolic and antioxidant constituents from pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hulls. Food Chem 2018; 253:46-54. [PMID: 29502842 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pistachio hulls, important by-products of pistachio processing, were extracted using an environmentally friendly process with subcritical water (SCW) at a pressure of 6.9 MPa in the range of 110 and 190 °C, and a flow rate of 4 ml/min. Detailed HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn analyses allowed the identification of 49 phenolic compounds in the SCW extracts. Total gallotannin yields up to 33 g/kg were reached at 150-170 °C, where gallic acid (22.2 g/kg) and penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (9.77 g/kg) levels were 13.2- and 10.6-fold higher than those in the aqueous methanol extracts. Flavonols were also effectively extracted at 110-150 °C (4.37-5.65 g/kg), while anacardic acid recovery was poor (1.13-2.77 g/kg). Accordingly, high amounts of anacardic acids (up to 50.7 g/kg) were retained in the extraction residue, revealing that SCW extraction allowed selective extraction of gallotannins and flavonols. Antioxidant capacities ranged from 0.68 to 1.20 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g for SCW extracts increasing with temperature up 190 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Erşan
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Yerleşimi, Kayışdağı Cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Güçlü Üstündağ
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, 26 Ağustos Yerleşimi, Kayışdağı Cad., 34755 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ralf M Schweiggert
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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48
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Optimization of pectin extraction from pistachio green hull as a new source. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Akbari-Alavijeh S, Soleimanian-Zad S, Sheikh-Zeinoddin M, Hashmi S. Pistachio hull water-soluble polysaccharides as a novel prebiotic agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:808-816. [PMID: 28928068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and characterized pistachio hull polysaccharides (PHP). The PHP was a heteropolysaccharide mainly contained 75.50% (w/w) total sugar and 9.51% (w/w) uronic acid. As determined by GPC analysis, the polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 3.71×106 D (83.2%) was the most dominant fraction. Moreover, HPLC analysis indicated that PHP was predominantly composed of xylose, glucose, arabinose, and fructose with a molar ratio of 1.00:2.50:19.67:28.81. FT-IR and NMR analysis also confirmed the results obtained by HPLC and characterized preliminary structure features of the PHP. Functional properties of the PHP including water holding capacity (WHC: 2.44±0.05g water/g DM), and oil holding capacity (OHC: 11.53±0.04g oil/g DM) were significant compared to inulin used as reference prebiotic (p<0.01). Furthermore, the PHP remained 94.37% undigested in the simulated digestion process and stimulated the growth of L. plantarum PTCC 1896 and L. rhamnosus GG and increased the acetate, propionate and butyrate production over inulin in vitro. Totally, the PHP showed a considerable prebiotic capability and high WHC, OHC suggesting that the PHP is a potent pharmaceutical with good technological properties which can be used in food and drug industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University,180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sabihe Soleimanian-Zad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Sheikh-Zeinoddin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sarwar Hashmi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University,180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Docampo M, Olubu A, Wang X, Pasinetti G, Dixon RA. Glucuronidated Flavonoids in Neurological Protection: Structural Analysis and Approaches for Chemical and Biological Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7607-7623. [PMID: 28789524 PMCID: PMC5954986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Both plant and mammalian cells express glucuronosyltransferases that catalyze glucuronidation of polyphenols such as flavonoids and other small molecules. Oral administration of select polyphenolic compounds leads to the accumulation of the corresponding glucuronidated metabolites at μM and sub-μM concentrations in the brain, associated with amelioration of a range of neurological symptoms. Determining the mechanisms whereby botanical extracts impact cognitive wellbeing and psychological resiliency will require investigation of the modes of action of the brain-targeted metabolites. Unfortunately, many of these compounds are not commercially available. This article describes the latest approaches for the analysis and synthesis of glucuronidated flavonoids. Synthetic schemes include both standard organic synthesis, semisynthesis, enzymatic synthesis and use of synthetic biology utilizing heterologous enzymes in microbial platform organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Docampo
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Adiji Olubu
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Giulio Pasinetti
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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