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Cosic-Mujkanovic N, Valadez-Cosmes P, Maitz K, Lueger A, Mihalic ZN, Runtsch MC, Kienzl M, Davies MJ, Chuang CY, Heinemann A, Schicho R, Marsche G, Kargl J. Myeloperoxidase Alters Lung Cancer Cell Function to Benefit Their Survival. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1587. [PMID: 37627581 PMCID: PMC10451743 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a neutrophil-derived enzyme that has been recently associated with tumour development. However, the mechanisms by which this enzyme exerts its functions remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether myeloperoxidase can alter the function of A549 human lung cancer cells. We observed that MPO promoted the proliferation of cancer cells and inhibited their apoptosis. Additionally, it increased the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. MPO was rapidly bound to and internalized by A549 cells, retaining its enzymatic activity. Furthermore, MPO partially translocated into the nucleus and was detected in the chromatin-enriched fraction. Effects of MPO on cancer cell function could be reduced when MPO uptake was blocked with heparin or upon inhibition of the enzymatic activity with the MPO inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (4-ABAH). Lastly, we have shown that tumour-bearing mice treated with 4-ABAH had reduced tumour burden when compared to control mice. Our results highlight the role of MPO as a neutrophil-derived enzyme that can alter the function of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejra Cosic-Mujkanovic
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paulina Valadez-Cosmes
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Maitz
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Lueger
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zala N. Mihalic
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marah C. Runtsch
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Kienzl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Y. Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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2
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Nadel J, Jabbour A, Stocker R. Arterial myeloperoxidase in the detection and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: a new dawn for an old light. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:112-120. [PMID: 35587708 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a specific role in the innate immune response; however, upon release into the extracellular space in the setting of inflammation, drives oxidative tissue injury. Extracellular MPO has recently been shown to be abundant in unstable atheroma and causally linked to plaque destabilization, erosion, and rupture, identifying it as a potential target for the surveillance and treatment of vulnerable atherosclerosis. Through the compartmentalization of MPO's protective and deleterious effects, extracellular MPO can be selectively detected using non-invasive molecular imaging and targeted by burgeoning pharmacotherapies. Given its causal relationship to plaque destabilization coupled with an ability to preserve its beneficial properties, MPO is potentially a superior translational inflammatory target compared with other immunomodulatory therapies and imaging biomarkers utilized to date. This review explores the role of MPO in plaque destabilization and provides insights into how it can be harnessed in the management of patients with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nadel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, 2042 Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Jabbour
- Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, 7 Eliza St, Newtown, 2042 Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Colicchia M, Perrella G, Gant P, Rayes J. Novel mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation during infection: spotlight on neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated platelet activation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100116. [PMID: 37063765 PMCID: PMC10099327 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A state-of-the-art lecture titled "novel mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation during infection" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2022. Platelet, neutrophil, and endothelial cell activation coordinate the development, progression, and resolution of thrombo-inflammatory events during infection. Activated platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are frequently observed in patients with sepsis and COVID-19, and high levels of NET-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) correlate with thrombotic complications. NET-associated DAMPs induce direct and indirect platelet activation, which in return potentiates neutrophil activation and NET formation. These coordinated interactions involve multiple receptors and signaling pathways contributing to vascular and organ damage exacerbating disease severity. This state-of-the-art review describes the main mechanisms by which platelets support NETosis and the key mechanisms by which NET-derived DAMPs trigger platelet activation and the formation of procoagulant platelets leading to thrombosis. We report how these DAMPs act through multiple receptors and signaling pathways differentially regulating cell activation and disease outcome, focusing on histones and S100A8/A9 and their contribution to the pathogenesis of sepsis and COVID-19. We further discuss the complexity of platelet activation during NETosis and the potential benefit of targeting selective or multiple NET-associated DAMPs to limit thrombo-inflammation during infection. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2022 ISTH Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Colicchia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Poppy Gant
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, U.K
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4
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Aymonnier K, Amsler J, Lamprecht P, Salama A, Witko‐Sarsat V. The neutrophil: A key resourceful agent in immune‐mediated vasculitis. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:326-356. [PMID: 36408947 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The term "vasculitis" refers to a group of rare immune-mediated diseases characterized by the dysregulated immune system attacking blood vessels located in any organ of the body, including the skin, lungs, and kidneys. Vasculitides are classified according to the size of the vessel that is affected. Although this observation is not specific to small-, medium-, or large-vessel vasculitides, patients show a high circulating neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of neutrophils in these diseases. As first responders to infection or inflammation, neutrophils release cytotoxic mediators, including reactive oxygen species, proteases, and neutrophil extracellular traps. If not controlled, this dangerous arsenal can injure the vascular system, which acts as the main transport route for neutrophils, thereby amplifying the initial inflammatory stimulus and the recruitment of immune cells. This review highlights the ability of neutrophils to "set the tone" for immune cells and other cells in the vessel wall. Considering both their long-established and newly described roles, we extend their functions far beyond their direct host-damaging potential. We also review the roles of neutrophils in various types of primary vasculitis, including immune complex vasculitis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, and Behçet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Aymonnier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS 8104 Paris France
| | - Jennifer Amsler
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS 8104 Paris France
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Alan Salama
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital University College London London UK
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5
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Li Z, Bi R, Sun S, Chen S, Chen J, Hu B, Jin H. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Acute Ischemic Stroke-Related Thrombosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8418820. [PMID: 36439687 PMCID: PMC9683973 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8418820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a serious life-threatening disease that affects almost 600 million people each year throughout the world with a mortality of more than 10%, while two-thirds of survivors remain disabled. However, the available treatments for ischemic stroke are still limited to thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy, and there is an urgent need for developing new therapeutic target. Recently, intravascular oxidative stress, derived from endothelial cells, platelets, and leukocytes, has been found to be tightly associated with stroke-related thrombosis. It not only promotes primary thrombus formation by damaging endothelial cells and platelets but also affects thrombus maturation and stability by modifying fibrin components. Thus, oxidative stress is expected to be a novel target for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms by which oxidative stress promotes stroke-related thrombosis, then summarize the oxidative stress biomarkers of stroke-related thrombosis, and finally put forward an antithrombotic therapy targeting oxidative stress in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rentang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shengcai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huijuan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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6
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Baier E, Tampe D, Kluge IA, Hakroush S, Tampe B. Implication of platelets and complement C3 as link between innate immunity and tubulointerstitial injury in renal vasculitis with MPO-ANCA seropositivity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054457. [PMID: 36439156 PMCID: PMC9692128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a potentially life-threatening systemic small-vessel vasculitis that is characterized by pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, depicting in turn a major denominator of AAV mortality. It is well established that AAV patients feature an increased risk of developing thrombotic events, and platelets are activated in AAV patients being triggered by the alternative complement pathway. Platelets guard vessels integrity and initiate thrombus formation in response to endothelial damage, further constituting a triangular interconnection with the activation of neutrophils and the complement system. We here aimed to systematically assess the relevance of platelet counts and systemic complement system activation regarding distinct histopathological lesions in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. Methods A cohort of 53 biopsy-proven cases of ANCA-associated renal vasculitis were retrospectively enrolled in a single-center observational study. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify parameters associated with platelet counts in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis compared to disease controls. Finally, the relevance of platelets for disease course and recovery was assessed by survival analysis. Results Lower platelet counts correlated with markers of kidney injury including eGFR loss (p=0.0004) and lower complement C3 levels (p=0.0037). Multivariate and subgroup analysis revealed that this association was only present in the subgroup with MPO-ANCA seropositivity (eGFR loss: p=0.0009, lower C3: p=0.0032). While lower platelet counts correlated with kidney injury in the PR3-ANCA subgroup (eGFR loss: p=0.0272), we did not observe an independent association with complement C3 levels (p=0.4497). Independent of any glomerular lesion, lower platelet counts correlated with interstitial fibrosis (p=0.0313), tubular atrophy (p=0.0073), and tubulitis in areas of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (p=0.0033). Finally, we observed significant differences with increased requirement of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) or death in the subgroup below median platelet counts (HR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.6-10, p=0.0047), associated with a lower probability of discharge and prolonged hospitalization in this subgroup (HR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9, p=0.0113). Conclusion Based on our observation that an association between platelets and complement system activation is only observed in the MPO-ANCA subgroup, this could implicate that platelets and complement C3 link innate immunity to tubulointerstitial injury in the presence of MPO-ANCA autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baier
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Désirée Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Samy Hakroush
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- SYNLAB Pathology Hannover, SYNLAB Holding Germany, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Björn Tampe,
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7
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Lockhart JS, Sumagin R. Non-Canonical Functions of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Regulation, Tissue Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012250. [PMID: 36293108 PMCID: PMC9603794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of the most abundantly expressed proteins in neutrophils. It serves as a critical component of the antimicrobial defense system, facilitating microbial killing via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that in addition to the well-recognized canonical antimicrobial function of MPO, it can directly or indirectly impact immune cells and tissue responses in homeostatic and disease states. Here, we highlight the emerging non-canonical functions of MPO, including its impact on neutrophil longevity, activation and trafficking in inflammation, its interactions with other immune cells, and how these interactions shape disease outcomes. We further discuss MPO interactions with barrier forming endothelial and epithelial cells, specialized cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and its involvement in cancer progression. Such diverse function and the MPO association with numerous inflammatory disorders make it an attractive target for therapies aimed at resolving inflammation and limiting inflammation-associated tissue damage. However, while considering MPO inhibition as a potential therapy, one must account for the diverse impact of MPO activity on various cellular compartments both in health and disease.
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8
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Hu W, Lee SML, Bazhin AV, Guba M, Werner J, Nieß H. Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate cancer metastasis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 149:2191-2210. [PMID: 36050539 PMCID: PMC9436160 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was initially discovered as a novel immune response against pathogens. Recent studies have also suggested that NETs play an important role in tumor progression. This review summarizes the cellular mechanisms by which NETs promote distant metastasis and discusses the possible clinical applications targeting NETs. Method The relevant literature from PubMed and Google Scholar (2001–2021) have been reviewed for this article. Results The presence of NETs has been detected in various primary tumors and metastatic sites. NET-associated interactions have been observed throughout the different stages of metastasis, including initial tumor cell detachment, intravasation and extravasation, the survival of circulating tumor cells, the settlement and the growth of metastatic tumor cells. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proved that inhibiting NET formation resulted in anti-cancer effects. The biosafety and efficacy of some NET inhibitors have also been demonstrated in early phase clinical trials. Conclusions Considering the role of NETs in tumor progression, NETs could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer management. However, current evidence is mostly derived from experimental models and as such more clinical studies are still needed to verify the clinical significance of NETs in oncological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Hu
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Serene M L Lee
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanno Nieß
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Beura SK, Dhapola R, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Reddy DH, Singh SK. Redefining oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting platelet reactive oxygen species for novel therapeutic options. Life Sci 2022; 306:120855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Gorudko IV, Grigorieva DV, Shamova EV, Gorbunov NP, Kokhan AU, Kostevich VA, Vasilyev VB, Panasenko OM, Khinevich NV, Bandarenka HV, Burko AA, Sokolov AV. Structure-biological activity relationships of myeloperoxidase to effect on platelet activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 728:109353. [PMID: 35853481 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant-producing enzyme of neutrophils, has been shown to prime platelet activity promoting immunothrombosis. Native MPO is a homodimer, consisting of two identical protomers (monomer) connected by a single disulfide bond. But in inflammatory foci, MPO can be found both in the form of a monomer and in the form of a dimer. Beside MPO can also be in complexes with other molecules and be modified by oxidants, which ultimately affect its physicochemical properties and functions. Here we compared the effects of various forms of MPO as well as MPO in complex with ceruloplasmin (CP), a physiological inhibitor of MPO, on the platelet activity. Monomeric MPO (hemi-MPO) was obtained by treating the dimeric MPO by reductive alkylation. MPO was modified with HOCl in a molar ratio of 1:100 (MPO-HOCl). Using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy we showed that peaks at about 510 and 526 cm-1 corresponded to disulfide bond was recognizable in the SERS-spectra of dimeric MPO, absent in the spectrum of hemi-MPO and less intense in the spectra of MPO-HOCl, which indicates the partial decomposition of dimeric MPO with a disulfide bond cleavage under the HOCl modification. It was shown hemi-MPO to a lesser extent than dimeric MPO bound to platelets and enhanced their agonist-induced aggregation and platelet-neutrophil aggregate formation. MPO modified by HOCl and MPO in complex with CP did not bind to platelets and have no effect on platelet activity. Thus, the modification of MPO by HOCl, its presence in monomeric form as well as in complex with CP reduces MPO effect on platelet function and consequently decreases the risk of thrombosis in inflammatory foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Gorudko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus.
| | - D V Grigorieva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - E V Shamova
- Institute of Biophysics and Сell Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 27 Academicheskaya Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - N P Gorbunov
- FSBRI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", 12 Acad. Pavlov Str., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - A U Kokhan
- Institute of Biophysics and Сell Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 27 Academicheskaya Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
| | - V A Kostevich
- FSBRI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", 12 Acad. Pavlov Str., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - V B Vasilyev
- FSBRI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", 12 Acad. Pavlov Str., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - O M Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - N V Khinevich
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220013, Belarus; Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Donelaičio g. 73, Kaunas, 44249, Lithuania
| | - H V Bandarenka
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220013, Belarus; Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Polytechnicm, 7001 East Williams Field Road, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - A A Burko
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220013, Belarus; Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Polytechnicm, 7001 East Williams Field Road, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - A V Sokolov
- FSBRI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", 12 Acad. Pavlov Str., St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russia
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11
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Kremserová S, Kocurková A, Chorvátová M, Klinke A, Kubala L. Myeloperoxidase Deficiency Alters the Process of the Regulated Cell Death of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2022; 13:707085. [PMID: 35211113 PMCID: PMC8860816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.707085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a key role in host defense. However, their massive accumulation at the site of inflammation can delay regenerative healing processes and can initiate pathological inflammatory processes. Thus, the efficient clearance of PMNs mediated by the induction of regulated cell death is a key process preventing the development of these pathological conditions. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a highly abundant enzyme in PMN granules, primarily connected with PMN defense machinery, is suggested to play a role in PMN-regulated cell death. However, the contribution of MPO to the mechanisms of PMN cell death remains incompletely characterized. Herein, the process of the cell death of mouse PMNs induced by three different stimuli – phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), opsonized streptococcus (OST), and N-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP) – was investigated. MPO-deficient PMNs revealed a significantly decreased rate of cell death characterized by phosphatidylserine surface exposure and cell membrane permeabilization. An inhibitor of MPO activity, 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide, did not exhibit a significant effect on PMA-induced cell death compared to MPO deficiency. Interestingly, only the limited activation of markers related to apoptotic cell death was observed (e.g. caspase 8 activation, Bax expression) and they mostly did not correspond to phosphatidylserine surface exposure. Furthermore, a marker characterizing autophagy, cleavage of LC3 protein, as well as histone H3 citrullination and its surface expression was observed. Collectively, the data show the ability of MPO to modulate the life span of PMNs primarily through the potentiation of cell membrane permeabilization and phosphatidylserine surface exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Kremserová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Kocurková
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michaela Chorvátová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Klinke
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Agnes Wittenborg Institute of Translational Cardiovascular Research, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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12
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Inflammatory Mediators of Platelet Activation: Focus on Atherosclerosis and COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011170. [PMID: 34681830 PMCID: PMC8539848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory and thrombotic state, leading to devastating complications with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Summary: In this review article, we present the available evidence regarding the impact of inflammation on platelet activation in atherosclerosis. Key messages: In the context of a dysfunctional vascular endothelium, structural alterations by means of endothelial glycocalyx thinning or functional modifications through impaired NO bioavailability and increased levels of von Willebrand factor result in platelet activation. Moreover, neutrophil-derived mediators, as well as neutrophil extracellular traps formation, have been implicated in the process of platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines is also critical since their receptors are also situated in platelets while TNF-α has also been found to induce inflammatory, metabolic, and bone marrow changes. Additionally, important progress has been made towards novel concepts of the interaction between inflammation and platelet activation, such as the toll-like receptors, myeloperoxidase, and platelet factor-4. The accumulating evidence is especially important in the era of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, characterized by an excessive inflammatory burden leading to thrombotic complications, partially mediated by platelet activation. Lastly, recent advances in anti-inflammatory therapies point towards an anti-thrombotic effect secondary to diminished platelet activation.
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14
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Mehraj U, Ganai RA, Macha MA, Hamid A, Zargar MA, Bhat AA, Nasser MW, Haris M, Batra SK, Alshehri B, Al-Baradie RS, Mir MA, Wani NA. The tumor microenvironment as driver of stemness and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer: New challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1209-1229. [PMID: 34528143 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC), the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths, remains a significant threat to the health and wellness of women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising cellular components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, endothelial cells and adipocytes, and noncellular components such as extracellular matrix (ECM), has been recognized as a critical contributor to the development and progression of BC. The interplay between TME components and cancer cells promotes phenotypic heterogeneity, cell plasticity and cancer cell stemness that impart tumor dormancy, enhanced invasion and metastasis, and the development of therapeutic resistance. While most previous studies have focused on targeting cancer cells with a dismal prognosis, novel therapies targeting stromal components are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies, and are already showing improved efficacies. As such, they may offer better means to eliminate the disease effectively. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we focus on the evolving concept of the TME as a key player regulating tumor growth, metastasis, stemness, and the development of therapeutic resistance. Despite significant advances over the last decade, several clinical trials focusing on the TME have failed to demonstrate promising effectiveness in cancer patients. To expedite clinical efficacy of TME-directed therapies, a deeper understanding of the TME is of utmost importance. Secondly, the efficacy of TME-directed therapies when used alone or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy, and the tumor stage needs to be studied. Likewise, identifying molecular signatures and biomarkers indicating the type of TME will help in determining precise TME-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rais A Ganai
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science & Technology , Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science & Technology , Awantipora, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Abid Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Mohammed A Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory of Animal Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.,Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid Saleem Al-Baradie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
| | - Nissar Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India.
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15
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Hawkins CL, Davies MJ. Role of myeloperoxidase and oxidant formation in the extracellular environment in inflammation-induced tissue damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:633-651. [PMID: 34246778 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The heme peroxidase family generates a battery of oxidants both for synthetic purposes, and in the innate immune defence against pathogens. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the most promiscuous family member, generating powerful oxidizing species including hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Whilst HOCl formation is important in pathogen removal, this species is also implicated in host tissue damage and multiple inflammatory diseases. Significant oxidant formation and damage occurs extracellularly as a result of MPO release via phagolysosomal leakage, cell lysis, extracellular trap formation, and inappropriate trafficking. MPO binds strongly to extracellular biomolecules including polyanionic glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, proteins, and DNA. This localizes MPO and subsequent damage, at least partly, to specific sites and species, including extracellular matrix (ECM) components and plasma proteins/lipoproteins. Biopolymer-bound MPO retains, or has enhanced, catalytic activity, though evidence is also available for non-catalytic effects. These interactions, particularly at cell surfaces and with the ECM/glycocalyx induce cellular dysfunction and altered gene expression. MPO binds with higher affinity to some damaged ECM components, rationalizing its accumulation at sites of inflammation. MPO-damaged biomolecules and fragments act as chemo-attractants and cell activators, and can modulate gene and protein expression in naïve cells, consistent with an increasing cycle of MPO adhesion, activity, damage, and altered cell function at sites of leukocyte infiltration and activation, with subsequent tissue damage and dysfunction. MPO levels are used clinically both diagnostically and prognostically, and there is increasing interest in strategies to prevent MPO-mediated damage; therapeutic aspects are not discussed as these have been reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Hawkins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark.
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16
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Ma H, Liu J, Li Z, Xiong H, Zhang Y, Song Y, Lai J. Expression profile analysis reveals hub genes that are associated with immune system dysregulation in primary myelofibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:478-490. [PMID: 34238135 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1945237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTION Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a familiar chronic myeloproliferative disease with an unfavorable prognosis. The effect of infection on the prognosis of patients with PMF is crucial. Immune system dysregulation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of PMF. To date, very little research has been conducted on the molecular mechanism of immune compromise in patients with PMF. METHODS To explore potential candidate genes, microarray datasets GSE61629 and 26049 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PMF patients and normal individuals were evaluated, gene function was measured and a series of hub genes were identified. Several significant immune cells were selected via cell type enrichment analysis. The correlation between hub genes and significant immune cells was determined. RESULTS A total of 282 DEGs were found, involving 217 upregulated genes and 65 downregulated genes. Several immune cells were found to be reduced in PMF, such as CD4+ T cells, CD4+ Tems, CD4+ memory T cells. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs reflected that most biological processes were associated with immune processes. Six hub genes, namely, HP, MPO, MMP9, EPB42, SLC4A1, and ALAS2, were identified, and correlation analysis revealed that these hub genes have a negative correlation with immune cell abundance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the gene expression profile of whole blood cells in PMF patients indicated a battery of immune events, and the DEGs and hub genes might contribute to immune system dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Ma
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincen Liu
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaye Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Song
- Institute of Hematology, Central Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Lai
- College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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17
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Kargapolova Y, Geißen S, Zheng R, Baldus S, Winkels H, Adam M. The Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Function of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in Inflammatory Communication. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040562. [PMID: 33916434 PMCID: PMC8066882 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is a signature enzyme of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in mice and humans. Being a component of circulating white blood cells, myeloperoxidase plays multiple roles in various organs and tissues and facilitates their crosstalk. Here, we describe the current knowledge on the tissue- and lineage-specific expression of myeloperoxidase, its well-studied enzymatic activity and incoherently understood non-enzymatic role in various cell types and tissues. Further, we elaborate on Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the complex context of cardiovascular disease, innate and autoimmune response, development and progression of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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19
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Myeloperoxidase: A versatile mediator of endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic target during cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107711. [PMID: 33137376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a prominent mammalian heme peroxidase and a fundamental component of the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. In recent times, MPO has received considerable attention as a key oxidative enzyme capable of impairing the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) and promoting endothelial dysfunction; a clinically relevant event that manifests throughout the development of inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence indicates that during cardiovascular disease, MPO is released intravascularly by activated leukocytes resulting in its transport and sequestration within the vascular endothelium. At this site, MPO catalyzes various oxidative reactions that are capable of promoting vascular inflammation and impairing NO bioactivity and endothelial function. In particular, MPO catalyzes the production of the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the catalytic consumption of NO via the enzyme's NO oxidase activity. An emerging paradigm is the ability of MPO to also influence endothelial function via non-catalytic, cytokine-like activities. In this review article we discuss the implications of our increasing knowledge of the versatility of MPO's actions as a mediator of cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction for the development of new pharmacological agents capable of effectively combating MPO's pathogenic activities. More specifically, we will (i) discuss the various transport mechanisms by which MPO accumulates into the endothelium of inflamed or diseased arteries, (ii) detail the clinical and basic scientific evidence identifying MPO as a significant cause of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, (iii) provide an up-to-date coverage on the different oxidative mechanisms by which MPO can impair endothelial function during cardiovascular disease including an evaluation of the contributions of MPO-catalyzed HOCl production and NO oxidation, and (iv) outline the novel non-enzymatic mechanisms of MPO and their potential contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we deliver a detailed appraisal of the different pharmacological strategies available for targeting the catalytic and non-catalytic modes-of-action of MPO in order to protect against endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease.
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20
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Lee DH, Yao C, Bhan A, Schlaeger T, Keefe J, Rodriguez BAT, Hwang SJ, Chen MH, Levy D, Johnson AD. Integrative Genomic Analysis Reveals Four Protein Biomarkers for Platelet Traits. Circ Res 2020; 127:1182-1194. [PMID: 32781905 PMCID: PMC8411925 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count (PLT) are platelet measures that have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk. Identifying protein biomarkers for these measures may yield insights into CVD mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify causal protein biomarkers for MPV and PLT among 71 CVD-related plasma proteins measured in FHS (Framingham Heart Study) participants. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted integrative analyses of genetic variants associated with PLT/MPV with protein quantitative trait locus variants associated with plasma proteins followed by Mendelian randomization to infer causal relations of proteins for PLT/MPV. We also tested protein-PLT/MPV association in FHS participants. Using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived megakaryocyte clones that produce functional platelets, we conducted RNA-sequencing and analyzed expression differences between low- and high-platelet producing clones. We then performed small interfering RNA gene knockdown experiments targeting genes encoding proteins with putatively causal platelet effects in megakaryocyte clones to examine effects on platelet production. In protein-trait association analyses, ten proteins were associated with MPV and 31 with PLT. Mendelian randomization identified 4 putatively causal proteins for MPV and 4 for PLT. GP-5 (Glycoprotein V), GRN (granulin), and MCAM (melanoma cell adhesion molecule) were associated with PLT, while MPO (myeloperoxidase) showed significant association with MPV in both analyses. RNA-sequencing analysis results were directionally concordant with observed and Mendelian randomization-inferred associations for GP-5, GRN, and MCAM. In siRNA gene knockdown experiments, silencing GP-5, GRN, and MPO decreased PLTs. Genome-wide association study results suggest several of these may be linked to CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS We identified 4 proteins that are causally linked to PLTs. These proteins may also have roles in the pathogenesis of CVD via a platelet/blood coagulation-based mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Heon Lee
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S,-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S.-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
| | - Chen Yao
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S,-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S.-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
| | | | | | - Joshua Keefe
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S,-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S.-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
| | - Benjamin A T Rodriguez
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S,-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S.-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S.-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S,-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S.-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S,-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S.-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S,-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (D.H.L., C.Y., J.K., B.A.T.R., S.-J.H., M.-H.C., D.L., A.D.J.)
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Shamova EV, Gorudko IV, Grigorieva DV, Sokolov AV, Kokhan AU, Melnikova GB, Yafremau NA, Gusev SA, Sveshnikova AN, Vasilyev VB, Cherenkevich SN, Panasenko OM. The effect of myeloperoxidase isoforms on biophysical properties of red blood cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:119-130. [PMID: 31754972 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant-producing enzyme, stored in azurophilic granules of neutrophils has been recently shown to influence red blood cell (RBC) deformability leading to abnormalities in blood microcirculation. Native MPO is a homodimer, consisting of two identical protomers (monomeric MPO) connected by a single disulfide bond but in inflammatory foci as a result of disulfide cleavage monomeric MPO (hemi-MPO) can also be produced. This study investigated if two MPO isoforms have distinct effects on biophysical properties of RBCs. We have found that hemi-MPO, as well as the dimeric form, bind to the glycophorins A/B and band 3 protein on RBC's plasma membrane, that lead to reduced cell resistance to osmotic and acidic hemolysis, reduction in cell elasticity, significant changes in cell volume, morphology, and the conductance of RBC plasma membrane ion channels. Furthermore, we have shown for the first time that both dimeric and hemi-MPO lead to phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the outer leaflet of RBC membrane. However, the effects of hemi-MPO on the structural and functional properties of RBCs were lower compared to those of dimeric MPO. These findings suggest that the ability of MPO protein to influence RBC's biophysical properties depends on its conformation (dimeric or monomeric isoform). It is intriguing to speculate that hemi-MPO appearance in blood during inflammation can serve as a regulatory mechanism addressed to reduce abnormalities on RBC response, induced by dimeric MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexey V Sokolov
- FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Galina B Melnikova
- A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nikolai A Yafremau
- State Institution "N.N. Alexandrov Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology", Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergey A Gusev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim B Vasilyev
- FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg M Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Moosová Z, Šindlerová L, Ambrůzová B, Ambrožová G, Vašíček O, Velki M, Babica P, Kubala L. Lipopolysaccharides from Microcystis Cyanobacteria-Dominated Water Bloom and from Laboratory Cultures Trigger Human Immune Innate Response. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11040218. [PMID: 30978967 PMCID: PMC6520794 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive toxic blooms of cyanobacteria represent a major threat to water supplies worldwide. Here, the biological activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa, the most prominent cyanobacteria in water bloom, were studied. LPS was isolated from complex environmental water bloom samples dominated by M. aeruginosa, and from laboratory cultures of non-axenic as well as axenic M. aeruginosa strains PCC7806 and HAMBI/UHCC130. Employing human blood-based in vitro tests, the LPS isolated from complex water bloom revealed the priming of both major blood phagocyte population monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes documented by the increased surface expression of CD11b and CD66b. This was accompanied by a water bloom LPS-mediated dose-dependent induction of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 production. In accordance with its priming effects, water bloom LPS induced significant activation of p38 and ERK1/2 kinases, as well as NF-κB phosphorylation, in isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Interestingly, the pro-inflammatory potential of LPS from the axenic strain of M. aeruginosa was not lower compared to that of LPS isolated from non-axenic strains. In contrast to the biological activity, water bloom LPS revealed almost twice higher pyrogenicity levels compared to Escherichia coli LPS, as analyzed by the PyroGene test. Moreover, LPS from the non-axenic culture exhibited higher endotoxin activity in comparison to LPS from axenic strains. Taking the above findings together, M. aeruginosa LPS can contribute to the health risks associated with contamination by complex water bloom mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Moosová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Šindlerová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Ambrůzová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Ambrožová
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Vašíček
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Sieow JL, Gun SY, Wong SC. The Sweet Surrender: How Myeloid Cell Metabolic Plasticity Shapes the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:168. [PMID: 30619850 PMCID: PMC6297857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells are one of the most versatile cell types, as they can tailor their metabolic activity according to their required function. In response to diverse environmental cues, immune cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to support their differentiation, proliferation and pro-inflammatory effector functions. To meet a dramatic surge in energetic demand, immune cells rewire their metabolism to utilize aerobic glycolysis. This preferential use of glycolysis even under aerobic conditions is well established in tumor cells, and is known as the "Warburg effect." Tumor cells avidly use glucose for aerobic glycolysis, thereby creating a nutrient-starved microenvironment, outcompeting T cells for glucose, and directly inhibiting T-cell anti-tumoral effector function. Given that both immune and tumor cells use similar modes of metabolism in the tumor stroma, it is imperative to identify a therapeutic window in which immune-cell and tumor-cell glycolysis can be specifically targeted. In this review, we focus on the Warburg metabolism as well as other metabolic pathways of myeloid cells, which comprise a notable niche in the tumor environment and promote the growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. We examine how differential immune-cell activation triggers metabolic fate, and detail how this forbidding microenvironment succeeds in shutting down the vigorous anti-tumoral response. Finally, we highlight emerging therapeutic concepts that aim to target immune-cell metabolism. Improving our understanding of immunometabolism and immune-cell commitment to specific metabolic fates will help identify alternative therapeutic approaches to battle this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Lin Sieow
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Gorudko IV, Grigorieva DV, Sokolov AV, Shamova EV, Kostevich VA, Kudryavtsev IV, Syromiatnikova ED, Vasilyev VB, Cherenkevich SN, Panasenko OM. Neutrophil activation in response to monomeric myeloperoxidase. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:592-601. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an oxidant-producing enzyme that can also regulate cellular functions via its nonenzymatic effects. Mature active MPO isolated from normal human neutrophils is a 145 kDa homodimer, which consists of 2 identical protomers, connected by a single disulfide bond. By binding to CD11b/CD18 integrin, dimeric MPO induces neutrophil activation and adhesion augmenting leukocyte accumulation at sites of inflammation. This study was performed to compare the potency of dimeric and monomeric MPO to elicit selected neutrophil responses. Monomeric MPO (hemi-MPO) was obtained by treating the dimeric MPO by reductive alkylation. Analysis of the crucial signal transducer, intracellular Ca2+, showed that dimeric MPO induces Ca2+ mobilization from the intracellular calcium stores of neutrophils and influx of extracellular Ca2+ whereas the effect of monomeric MPO on Ca2+ increase in neutrophils was less. It was also shown that monomeric MPO was less efficient than dimeric MPO at inducing actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell survival, and neutrophil degranulation. Furthermore, we have detected monomeric MPO in the blood plasma of patients with acute inflammation. Our data suggest that the decomposition of dimeric MPO into monomers can serve as a regulatory mechanism that controls MPO-dependent activation of neutrophils and reduces the proinflammatory effects of MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexey V. Sokolov
- FSBSI “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Centre of Preclinical Translational Research, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | | | - Valeria A. Kostevich
- FSBSI “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Igor V. Kudryavtsev
- FSBSI “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690090, Russia
| | | | - Vadim B. Vasilyev
- FSBSI “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Oleg M. Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 119435, Russia
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25
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Elaskalani O, Abdol Razak NB, Metharom P. Neutrophil extracellular traps induce aggregation of washed human platelets independently of extracellular DNA and histones. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:24. [PMID: 29843771 PMCID: PMC5975482 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a mesh of DNA, histones and neutrophil proteases from neutrophils, was first demonstrated as a host defence against pathogens. Recently it became clear that NETs are also released in pathological conditions. NETs released in the blood can activate thrombosis and initiate a cascade of platelet responses. However, it is not well understood if these responses are mediated through direct or indirect interactions. We investigated whether cell-free NETs can induce aggregation of washed human platelets in vitro and the contribution of NET-derived extracellular DNA and histones to platelet activation response. Methods Isolated human neutrophils were stimulated with PMA to produce robust and consistent NETs. Cell-free NETs were isolated and characterised by examining DNA-histone complexes and quantification of neutrophil elastase with ELISA. NETs were incubated with washed human platelets to assess several platelet activation responses. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we explored the role of different NET components, as well as main platelet receptors, and downstream signalling pathways involved in NET-induced platelet aggregation. Results Cell-free NETs directly induced dose-dependent platelet aggregation, dense granule secretion and procoagulant phosphatidyl serine exposure on platelets. Surprisingly, we found that inhibition of NET-derived DNA and histones did not affect NET-induced platelet aggregation or activation. We further identified the molecular pathways involved in NET-activated platelets. The most potent single modulator of NET-induced platelet responses included NET-bound cathepsin G, platelet Syk kinase, and P2Y12 and αIIbβ3 receptors. Conclusions In vitro-generated NETs can directly induce marked aggregation of washed human platelets. Pre-treatment of NETs with DNase or heparin did not reduce NET-induced activation or aggregation of human washed platelets. We further identified the molecular pathways activated in platelets in response to NETs. Taken together, we conclude that targeting certain platelet activation pathways, rather than the NET scaffold, has a more profound reduction on NET-induced platelet aggregation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0235-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Elaskalani
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Office 160, Building 305, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Norbaini Binti Abdol Razak
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Office 160, Building 305, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Pat Metharom
- Platelet Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Office 160, Building 305, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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26
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Huang X, Pan Y, Ma J, Kang Z, Xu X, Zhu Y, Chen J, Zhang W, Chang W, Zhu J. Prognostic significance of the infiltration of CD163 + macrophages combined with CD66b + neutrophils in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1731-1741. [PMID: 29573574 PMCID: PMC5943426 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), especially from the antitumoral phenotype to the protumoral phenotype under certain conditions, has an important influence on the progression of tumors. However, the interactions and combined prognosis of these cells are poorly known. Here, we detected the infiltration of CD68+ TAMs, CD163+ TAMs, and CD66b+ TANs in the specimens from 662 patients with GC by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the infiltration of each of CD163+ , CD68+ , and CD66b+ cells in GC tissue was significantly increased and independently associated with GC prognosis. Strong collinearity (r = 0.690, P < 0.001) was found between the infiltration of CD163+ and CD68+ cells in GC, and multivariate Cox analysis confirmed the infiltration of CD163+ cells was a better predictor for prognosis than that of CD68+ cells. The combination of the infiltration of CD163+ and CD66b+ cells provided more accurate survival prediction than any individual marker. Patient subgroups with CD66blow CD163low (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.161; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.266-3.688; P < 0.001), CD66bhigh CD163high (HR = 3.575; 95% CI = 2.155-5.933; P < 0.001), and CD66blow CD163high (HR = 7.514; 95% CI = 4.583-12.312; P < 0.001) were gradually associated with shorter DFS when compared with the subgroup with CD66bhigh CD163low . The similar result was also for DSS among the subgroups. Moreover, the two-marker model could more effectively discriminate the prognosis among the patients with chemotherapy than that among those without chemotherapy. We concluded that CD163+ TAMs were a more valuable prognostic marker than CD68+ TAMs, and CD163+ TAMs combined with CD66b+ TANs could more precisely predict the prognosis of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Huang
- Department of Health ToxicologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
- Department of Environmental HygieneSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
| | - Yamin Pan
- The First Department of EndoscopyShuguang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
| | - Zhengchun Kang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of PathologyChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
| | - Jikuai Chen
- Department of Health ToxicologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Environmental HygieneSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
| | - Jiangbo Zhu
- Department of Health ToxicologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China
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27
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Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020033. [PMID: 29669993 PMCID: PMC6024665 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the family of heme-containing peroxidases, produced mostly from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The active enzyme (150 kDa) is the product of the MPO gene located on long arm of chromosome 17. The primary gene product undergoes several modifications, such as the removal of introns and signal peptides, and leads to the formation of enzymatically inactive glycosylated apoproMPO which complexes with chaperons, producing inactive proMPO by the insertion of a heme moiety. The active enzyme is a homodimer of heavy and light chain protomers. This enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid after oxidative stress and different inflammatory responses. Myeloperoxidase is the only type of peroxidase that uses H₂O₂ to oxidize several halides and pseudohalides to form different hypohalous acids. So, the antibacterial activities of MPO involve the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Controlled MPO release at the site of infection is of prime importance for its efficient activities. Any uncontrolled degranulation exaggerates the inflammation and can also lead to tissue damage even in absence of inflammation. Several types of tissue injuries and the pathogenesis of several other major chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and cancer have been reported to be linked with MPO-derived oxidants. Thus, the enhanced level of MPO activity is one of the best diagnostic tools of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among these commonly-occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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28
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Vanhamme L, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Van Antwerpen P, Delporte C. The other myeloperoxidase: Emerging functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 649:1-14. [PMID: 29614255 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the mammalian peroxidase family. It is mainly expressed in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. As a catalyzer of reactive oxidative species and radical species formation, it contributes to neutrophil bactericidal activity. Nevertheless MPO invalidation does not seem to have major health consequences in affected individuals. This suggests that MPO might have alternative functions supporting its conservation during evolution. We will review the available data supporting these non-canonical functions in terms of tissue specific expression, function and enzymatic activity. Thus, we discuss its cell type specific expression. We review in between others its roles in angiogenesis, endothelial (dys-) function, immune reaction, and inflammation. We summarize its pathological actions in clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium.
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU de Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, RD3, and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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29
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Banerjee A, Shukla S, Pandey AD, Goswami S, Bandyopadhyay B, Ramachandran V, Das S, Malhotra A, Agarwal A, Adhikari S, Rahman M, Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya N, Basu N, Pandey P, Sood V, Vrati S. RNA-Seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals unique transcriptional signatures associated with disease progression in dengue patients. Transl Res 2017; 186:62-78.e9. [PMID: 28683259 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients infected with Dengue virus usually present a mild, self-limiting febrile dengue infection (DI) that occasionally leads to a potentially lethal complication, called the severe dengue (DS). The ability to identify the prognostic markers of DS could allow an improved disease intervention and management. To identify the transcriptional signatures associated with the dengue disease progression, we carried out the high-throughput sequencing of the RNA isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the dengue patients of varying severity and compared with that in the patients with other febrile illnesses (OFIs) or the healthy controls. The transcriptional signatures that discriminated the DS patients from OFI and DI patients were broadly related to the pathways involving glycine, serine, and threonine metabolisms, extracellular matrix organization, ubiquitination, and cytokines and inflammatory response. Several upregulated genes in the inflammatory process (MPO, DEFA4, ELANE, AUZ1, CTSG, OLFM4, SLC16A14, and CRISP3) that were associated with the dengue disease progression are known to facilitate leukocyte-mediated migration, and neutrophil activation and degranulation process. High activity of MPO and ELANE in the plasma samples of the follow-up and recovered dengue patients, as well as and the presence of a larger amount of cell-free dsDNA in the DS patients, suggested an association of neutrophil-mediated immunity with dengue disease progression. Careful monitoring of some of these gene transcripts, and control of the activity of proteins encoded by them, may have a great translational significance for the prognosis and management of the dengue patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | - Shweta Shukla
- University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) & Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Deep Pandey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Saptamita Goswami
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (STM), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaswati Bandyopadhyay
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (STM), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Shukla Das
- University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) & Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arjun Malhotra
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amitesh Agarwal
- University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) & Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Srima Adhikari
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (STM), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mehebubar Rahman
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (STM), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nemai Bhattacharya
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (STM), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nandita Basu
- Virology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (STM), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Pandey
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG), Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhanshu Vrati
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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30
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Rudolph TK, Fuchs A, Klinke A, Schlichting A, Friedrichs K, Hellmich M, Mollenhauer M, Schwedhelm E, Baldus S, Rudolph V. Prasugrel as opposed to clopidogrel improves endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and reduces platelet-leukocyte interaction in patients with unstable angina pectoris: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Cardiol 2017; 248:7-13. [PMID: 28709700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet inhibition has been linked to improved endothelial function, a prognostic factor in coronary artery disease. Whether prasugrel, a potent platelet inhibitor, affects endothelial function remains unknown. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, parallel trial. Patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) received either a daily dose of clopidogrel 75mg (n=23) or prasugrel 10mg (n=22). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), circulating nitrate and nitrite, inflammatory markers and platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) were assessed the day after PCI and after 3months. RESULTS Baseline patient demographics were well matched between treatment groups. Prasugrel led to a significant improvement of FMD after 3months (9.01±3.64% vs. 6.65±3.24%, p=0.001). In contrast, no significant change was observed in the clopidogrel group (7.21±2.84% vs. 6.30±2.97%, p=0.187). Adjusted for baseline FMD, hyperlipidemia and statin use, the treatment effect on change in FMD favoured prasugrel by an absolute 1.97% (95% CI 0.29% to 3.66%, p=0.023). A significant reduction of plasma hsCRP, myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase and an increase of nitrate levels were noted in both treatment arms. Interestingly, only prasugrel significantly reduced sCD40 ligand and RANTES and increased nitrite levels. Prasugrel reduced the ADP-stimulated increase in PLAs by 40% (IR: 82 to 13), whereas clopidogrel revealed no such effect (1% increase (IR: 13 to 50) (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Prasugrel exhibits beneficial mid-term effects on endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability and inflammatory markers. (EudraCT number: 2009-015406-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja K Rudolph
- University of Cologne, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Alexander Fuchs
- University of Cologne, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Klinke
- University of Cologne, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schlichting
- University of Hamburg, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology - Electrophysiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Friedrichs
- University of Cologne, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Mollenhauer
- University of Cologne, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- University of Cologne, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Rudolph
- University of Cologne, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, Cologne, Germany
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31
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Meikle CKS, Kelly CA, Garg P, Wuescher LM, Ali RA, Worth RG. Cancer and Thrombosis: The Platelet Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 4:147. [PMID: 28105409 PMCID: PMC5214375 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are critical to hemostatic and immunological function, and are key players in cancer progression, metastasis, and cancer-related thrombosis. Platelets interact with immune cells to stimulate anti-tumor responses and can be activated by immune cells and tumor cells. Platelet activation can lead to complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells. Platelets facilitate cancer progression and metastasis by: (1) forming aggregates with tumor cells; (2) inducing tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasion; (3) shielding circulating tumor cells from immune surveillance and killing; (4) facilitating tethering and arrest of circulating tumor cells; and (5) promoting angiogenesis and tumor cell establishment at distant sites. Tumor cell-activated platelets also predispose cancer patients to thrombotic events. Tumor cells and tumor-derived microparticles lead to thrombosis by secreting procoagulant factors, resulting in platelet activation and clotting. Platelets play a critical role in cancer progression and thrombosis, and markers of platelet-tumor cell interaction are candidates as biomarkers for cancer progression and thrombosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire K S Meikle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Clare A Kelly
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Priyanka Garg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Leah M Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Randall G Worth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
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Muqaku B, Eisinger M, Meier SM, Tahir A, Pukrop T, Haferkamp S, Slany A, Reichle A, Gerner C. Multi-omics Analysis of Serum Samples Demonstrates Reprogramming of Organ Functions Via Systemic Calcium Mobilization and Platelet Activation in Metastatic Melanoma. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:86-99. [PMID: 27879288 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiologies of cancer-associated syndromes such as cachexia are poorly understood and no routine biomarkers have been established, yet. Using shotgun proteomics, known marker molecules including PMEL, CRP, SAA, and CSPG4 were found deregulated in patients with metastatic melanoma. Targeted analysis of 58 selected proteins with multiple reaction monitoring was applied for independent data verification. In three patients, two of which suffered from cachexia, a tissue damage signature was determined, consisting of nine proteins, PLTP, CD14, TIMP1, S10A8, S10A9, GP1BA, PTPRJ, CD44, and C4A, as well as increased levels of glycine and asparagine, and decreased levels of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine concentrations, as determined by targeted metabolomics. Remarkably, these molecules are known to be involved in key processes of cancer cachexia. Based on these results, we propose a model how metastatic melanoma may lead to reprogramming of organ functions via formation of platelet activating factors from long-chain polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines under oxidative conditions and via systemic induction of intracellular calcium mobilization. Calcium mobilization in platelets was demonstrated to alter levels of several of these marker molecules. Additionally, platelets from melanoma patients proved to be in a rather exhausted state, and platelet-derived eicosanoids implicated in tumor growth were found massively increased in blood from three melanoma patients. Platelets were thus identified as important source of serum protein and lipid alterations in late stage melanoma patients. As a result, the proposed model describes the crosstalk between lipolysis of fat tissue and muscle wasting mediated by oxidative stress, resulting in the metabolic deregulations characteristic for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besnik Muqaku
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Eisinger
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M Meier
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ammar Tahir
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- §Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- §Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Slany
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- ¶Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology & Oncology, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Gerner
- From the ‡Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
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Feng Q, Zhao M, Gan T, Zhu H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Wang Y, Wu J, Peng S. DHDMIQK(KAP): a novel nano-delivery system of dihydroxyl-tetrahydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and KPAK towards the thrombus. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5991-6003. [PMID: 32263488 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular thrombosis is a major risk of the onset of stroke and so novel therapeutic candidates have been attracting interest. In this context, here docking based computer assisted screening and mesoscale simulation were used to design N-[(S)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carbonyl]-Lys(Pro-Ala-Lys), DHDMIQK(KAP), for inhibiting P-selectin expression. In vitro, 1 nM of DHDMIQK(KAP) effectively down-regulated P-selectin expression. In water, in rat plasma and in the solid state DHDMIQK(KAP) formed nanoparticles of a size capable of suitable delivery in the blood circulation. FT-MS and NOESY 2D NMR spectra showed DHDMIQK(KAP) formed hexamers, identified the intermolecular interactions of the hexamer, and assigned the hexamer a butterfly like conformation. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaged DHDMIQK(KAP) forming size-suitable nanoparticles for safe delivery in the blood circulation. In particular, AFM images showed that the nanoparticles effectively adhered onto the surfaces of the platelets. In vivo DHDMIQK(KAP) lysed the thrombus and inhibited thrombosis with a minimal effective dose of 0.01 nmol kg-1. FT-MS spectrum analyses defined a specific distribution of DHDMIQK(KAP) in the thrombus, but not in the blood and vital organs. Therefore, DHDMIQK(KAP) should be a novel nano-delivery system of 6,7-dihydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and KPAK to target the thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Feng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P. R. China.
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Procter NE, Stewart S, Horowitz JD. New-onset atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk: Cardiovascular syzygy? Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:1355-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lung Neutrophilia in Myeloperoxidase Deficient Mice during the Course of Acute Pulmonary Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5219056. [PMID: 26998194 PMCID: PMC4779540 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5219056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation accompanying diseases such as sepsis affects primarily lungs and induces their failure. This remains the most common cause of sepsis induced mortality. While neutrophils play a key role in pulmonary failure, the mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. We report that myeloperoxidase (MPO), abundant enzyme in neutrophil granules, modulates the course of acute pulmonary inflammatory responses induced by intranasal application of lipopolysaccharide. MPO deficient mice had significantly increased numbers of airway infiltrated neutrophils compared to wild-type mice during the whole course of lung inflammation. This was accompanied by higher levels of RANTES in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the MPO deficient mice. Other markers of lung injury and inflammation, which contribute to recruitment of neutrophils into the inflamed lungs, including total protein and other selected proinflammatory cytokines did not significantly differ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the wild-type and the MPO deficient mice. Interestingly, MPO deficient neutrophils revealed a decreased rate of cell death characterized by phosphatidylserine surface expression. Collectively, the importance of MPO in regulation of pulmonary inflammation, independent of its putative microbicidal functions, can be potentially linked to MPO ability to modulate the life span of neutrophils and to affect accumulation of chemotactic factors at the inflammatory site.
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Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils in Tumor Microenvironment. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6058147. [PMID: 26966341 PMCID: PMC4757693 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6058147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct tumor microenvironment forms in each progression step of cancer and has diverse capacities to induce both adverse and beneficial consequences for tumorigenesis. It is now known that immune cells can be activated to favor tumor growth and progression, most probably influenced by the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils can exert protumoral functions, enhancing tumor cell invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, while inhibiting the antitumoral immune surveillance. Considering that neutrophils in inflammatory environments recruit macrophages and that recruited macrophages affect neutrophil functions, there may be various degrees of interaction between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. Platelets also play an important role in the recruitment and regulation of monocytic and granulocytic cells in the tumor tissues, suggesting that platelet function may be essential for generation of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. In this review, we will explore the biology of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils and their possible interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Special attention will be given to the recruitment and activation of these tumor-associated cells and to the roles they play in maintenance of the tumor microenvironment and progression of tumors.
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Binding of human myeloperoxidase to red blood cells: Molecular targets and biophysical consequences at the plasma membrane level. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 591:87-97. [PMID: 26714302 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an oxidant-producing enzyme that can also bind to cellular surface proteins. We found that band 3 protein and glycophorins A and B were the key MPO-binding targets of human red blood cells (RBCs). The interaction of MPO with RBC proteins was mostly electrostatic in nature because it was inhibited by desialation, exogenic sialic acid, high ionic strength, and extreme pH. In addition, MPO failed to interfere with the lectin-induced agglutination of RBCs, suggesting a minor role of glycan-recognizing mechanisms in MPO binding. Multiple biophysical properties of RBCs were altered in the presence of native (i.e., not hypochlorous acid-damaged) MPO. These changes included transmembrane potential, availability of intracellular Ca(2+), and lipid organization in the plasma membrane. MPO-treated erythrocytes became larger in size, structurally more rigid, and hypersensitive to acidic and osmotic hemolysis. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the plasma MPO concentration and RBC rigidity index in type-2 diabetes patients with coronary heart disease. These findings suggest that MPO functions as a mediator of novel regulatory mechanism in microcirculation, indicating the influence of MPO-induced abnormalities on RBC deformability under pathological stress conditions.
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Platelet hyperaggregability in patients with atrial fibrillation. Evidence of a background proinflammatory milieu. Herz 2015; 41:57-62. [PMID: 26135468 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a condition where platelet hyperaggregability is commonly present. We examined potential physiological bases for platelet hyperaggregability in a cohort of patients with acute and chronic AF. In particular, we sought to identify the impact of inflammation [myeloperoxidase (MPO) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling. METHODS Clinical and biochemical determinants of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation were sought in patients (n = 106) hospitalized with AF via univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Hyper-responsiveness of platelets to ADP was directly (r = 0.254, p < 0.01) correlated with plasma concentrations of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a matricellular protein that impairs NO responses and contributes to development of oxidative stress. In turn, plasma TSP-1 concentrations were directly correlated with MPO concentrations (r = 0.221, p < 0.05), while MPO concentrations correlated with those of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA, r = 0.220, p < 0.05), and its structural isomer symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA, r = 0.192, p = 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified TSP-1 (β = 0.276, p < 0.05) concentrations, as well as female sex (β = 0.199, p < 0.05), as direct correlates of platelet aggregability, and SDMA concentrations (β = - 0.292, p < 0.05) as an inverse correlate. CONCLUSION We conclude that platelet hyperaggregability, where present in the context of AF, may be engendered by impaired availability of NO, as well as via MPO-related inflammatory activation.
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