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Schult L, Halbgebauer R, Karasu E, Huber-Lang M. Glomerular injury after trauma, burn, and sepsis. J Nephrol 2023; 36:2417-2429. [PMID: 37542608 PMCID: PMC10703988 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury development after trauma, burn, or sepsis occurs frequently but remains a scientific and clinical challenge. Whereas the pathophysiological focus has mainly been on hemodynamics and the downstream renal tubular system, little is known about alterations upstream within the glomerulus post trauma or during sepsis. Particularly for the glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, basal membrane, and podocytes, all of which form the glomerular filter, there are numerous in vitro studies on the molecular and functional consequences upon exposure of single cell types to specific damage- or microbial-associated molecular patterns. By contrast, a lack of knowledge exists in the real world regarding the orchestrated inflammatory response of the glomerulus post trauma or burn or during sepsis. Therefore, we aim to provide an overview on the glomerulus as an immune target but also as a perpetrator of the danger response to traumatic and septic conditions, and present major players involved in the context of critical illness. Finally, we highlight research gaps of this rather neglected but worthwhile area to define future molecular targets and therapeutic strategies to prevent or improve the course of AKI after trauma, burn, or sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Schult
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ebru Karasu
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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2
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Bilska B, Damulewicz M, Abaquita TAL, Pyza E. Changes in heme oxygenase level during development affect the adult life of Drosophila melanogaster. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1239101. [PMID: 37876913 PMCID: PMC10591093 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1239101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) has been shown to control various cellular processes in both mammals and Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we investigated how changes in HO levels in neurons and glial cells during development affect adult flies, by using the TARGET Drosophila system to manipulate the expression of the ho gene. The obtained data showed differences in adult survival, maximum lifespan, climbing, locomotor activity, and sleep, which depended on the level of HO (after ho up-regulation or downregulation), the timing of expression (chronic or at specific developmental stages), cell types (neurons or glia), sex (males or females), and age of flies. In addition to ho, the effects of changing the mRNA level of the Drosophila CNC factor gene (NRF2 homolog in mammals and master regulator of HO), were also examined to compare with those observed after changing ho expression. We showed that HO levels in neurons and glia must be maintained at an appropriate physiological level during development to ensure the well-being of adults. We also found that the downregulation of ho in either neurons or glia in the brain is compensated by ho expressed in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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3
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DeMartino AW, Poudel L, Dent MR, Chen X, Xu Q, Gladwin BS, Tejero J, Basu S, Alipour E, Jiang Y, Rose JJ, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. Thiol-catalyzed formation of NO-ferroheme regulates intravascular NO signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1256-1266. [PMID: 37710075 PMCID: PMC10897909 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule that regulates blood flow and platelet activation. However, intracellular and intravascular diffusion of NO are limited by scavenging reactions with several hemoproteins, raising questions as to how free NO can signal in hemoprotein-rich environments. We explore the hypothesis that NO can be stabilized as a labile ferrous heme-nitrosyl complex (Fe2+-NO, NO-ferroheme). We observe a reaction between NO, labile ferric heme (Fe3+) and reduced thiols to yield NO-ferroheme and a thiyl radical. This thiol-catalyzed reductive nitrosylation occurs when heme is solubilized in lipophilic environments such as red blood cell membranes or bound to serum albumin. The resulting NO-ferroheme resists oxidative inactivation, is soluble in cell membranes and is transported intravascularly by albumin to promote potent vasodilation. We therefore provide an alternative route for NO delivery from erythrocytes and blood via transfer of NO-ferroheme and activation of apo-soluble guanylyl cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laxman Poudel
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan S Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elmira Alipour
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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4
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Burnet AM, Brunetti T, Rochford R. Hemin treatment drives viral reactivation and plasma cell differentiation of EBV latently infected B cells. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011561. [PMID: 37639483 PMCID: PMC10491393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Plasmodium falciparum have a well described role in the development of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL), yet the mechanisms involved remain unknown. A major hallmark of malarial disease is hemolysis and bystander eryptosis of red blood cells, which causes release of free heme in large quantities into peripheral blood. We hypothesized that heme released during malaria infection drives differentiation of latently infected EBV-positive B cells, resulting in viral reactivation and release of infectious virus. To test this hypothesis, we used the EBV-positive Mutu I B-cell line and treated with hemin (the oxidized form of heme) and evaluated evidence of EBV reactivation. Hemin treatment resulted in the expression of EBV immediate early, early and late lytic gene transcripts. In addition, expression of CD138, a marker of plasma cells was co-expressed with the late lytic protein gp350 on hemin treated Mutu I cells. Finally, DNase-resistant EBV DNA indicative of virion production was detected in supernatant. To assess the transcriptional changes induced by hemin treatment, RNA sequencing was performed on mock- and hemin-treated Mutu I cells, and a shift from mature B cell transcripts to plasma cell transcripts was identified. To identify the mechanism of hemin-induced B cell differentiation, we measured levels of the plasma cell transcriptional repressor, BACH2, that contains specific heme binding sites. Hemin treatment caused significant degradation of BACH2 by 24 hours post-treatment in four BL cell lines (two EBV positive, two EBV negative). Knockdown of BACH2 in Mutu I cells using siRNAs significantly increased CD138+gp350+ cells to levels similar to treatment with hemin. This suggested that hemin induced BACH2 degradation was responsible for plasma cell differentiation and viral reactivation. Together, these data support a model where EBV reactivation can occur during malaria infection via heme modulation, providing a mechanistic link between malaria and EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Burnet
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tonya Brunetti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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5
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Voltarelli VA, Alves de Souza RW, Miyauchi K, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme: The Lord of the Iron Ring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051074. [PMID: 37237940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-protoporphyrin complex with an essential physiologic function for all cells, especially for those in which heme is a key prosthetic group of proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes of the mitochondria. However, it is also known that heme can participate in pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses, leading to cytotoxicity in various tissues and organs such as the kidney, brain, heart, liver, and in immune cells. Indeed, heme, released as a result of tissue damage, can stimulate local and remote inflammatory reactions. These can initiate innate immune responses that, if left uncontrolled, can compound primary injuries and promote organ failure. In contrast, a cadre of heme receptors are arrayed on the plasma membrane that is designed either for heme import into the cell, or for the purpose of activating specific signaling pathways. Thus, free heme can serve either as a deleterious molecule, or one that can traffic and initiate highly specific cellular responses that are teleologically important for survival. Herein, we review heme metabolism and signaling pathways, including heme synthesis, degradation, and scavenging. We will focus on trauma and inflammatory diseases, including traumatic brain injury, trauma-related sepsis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases where current work suggests that heme may be most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leo Edmond Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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6
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Liu Q, Dong C. Dual Transcriptomics Reveals Interspecific Interactions between the Mycoparasite Calcarisporium cordycipiticola and Its Host Cordyceps militaris. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0480022. [PMID: 36946736 PMCID: PMC10100745 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04800-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcarisporium cordycipiticola is a mycoparasite of the edible fungus Cordyceps militaris, and mycoparasitism causes devastating diseases of mushrooms. In this study, dual-transcriptomic analysis was performed to reveal interspecific interactions between the mycoparasite C. cordycipiticola and its host C. militaris. At 4 and 8 days postinfection (dpi), 2,959 and 2,077 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of C. cordycipiticola and 914 and 1,548 DEGs of C. militaris were identified compared with the mycelial stage, respectively, indicating that C. cordycipiticola responded more quickly than C. militaris. Lectins of the pathogen may play a role in the recognition of fungal prey. Both Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that primary metabolism was vigorous for the pathogen to colonize the host and that the pathogen's attack substantially altered C. militaris' primary metabolism. C. cordycipiticola upregulated some carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes, including CBM18, GH18, GH16, and GH76, for degrading the host cell wall and defending against host immunity. C. militaris produced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) to respond to the infection. The GO term "heme binding" was the only shared term enriched at both stages at 4 and 8 dpi, indicating that iron was important for both the pathogen and the host. The uptake of iron by pathogens through multiple pathways promoted colonization and removed high ROS levels produced by the host. The transcription levels of Cmhsp78, Cmhsp70, and Cmhyd1 in C. militaris responded quickly, and these genes have potential as candidates for the breeding of resistant varieties. This study provides clues for understanding the interactions between a mycoparasite and its mushroom host and will be helpful for the breeding of resistant varieties and disease prevention and control for this edible fungus. IMPORTANCE White mildew disease caused by Calcarisporium cordycipiticola is devastating for the fruiting body cultivation of Cordyceps militaris, a popular and highly valued edible fungus. Here, the pathogenic mechanisms of C. cordycipiticola, the responses of C. militaris to the infection, and the interaction of these two phylogenetically close species were revealed by time course dual-transcriptome profiles. In general, the host C. militaris responds more slowly than the pathogen C. cordycipiticola. For the first time, we found that iron was important for both the mycoparasite and the host. C. cordycipiticola takes up iron by multiple pathways to promote colonization and remove high ROS levels produced by the host. The rapidly responding genes Cmhsp70, Cmhsp78, and Cmhyd1 in C. militaris may have the potential as candidate genes for the breeding of resistant varieties. This study expands our understanding of the mycoparasitic interactions of two species from sister families and will be helpful for the breeding of and disease prevention and control in mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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DeMartino AW, Poudel L, Dent MR, Chen X, Xu Q, Gladwin BS, Tejero J, Basu S, Alipour E, Jiang Y, Rose JJ, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. Thiol catalyzed formation of NO-ferroheme regulates canonical intravascular NO signaling. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2402224. [PMID: 36711928 PMCID: PMC9882697 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2402224/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced physiological signaling molecule that regulates blood flow and platelet activation. However, both the intracellular and intravascular diffusion of NO is severely limited by scavenging reactions with hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other hemoproteins, raising unanswered questions as to how free NO can signal in hemoprotein-rich environments, like blood and cardiomyocytes. We explored the hypothesis that NO could be stabilized as a ferrous heme-nitrosyl complex (Fe 2+ -NO, NO-ferroheme) either in solution within membranes or bound to albumin. Unexpectedly, we observed a rapid reaction of NO with free ferric heme (Fe 3+ ) and a reduced thiol under physiological conditions to yield NO-ferroheme and a thiyl radical. This thiol-catalyzed reductive nitrosylation reaction occurs readily when the hemin is solubilized in lipophilic environments, such as red blood cell membranes, or bound to serum albumin. NO-ferroheme albumin is stable, even in the presence of excess oxyhemoglobin, and potently inhibits platelet activation. NO-ferroheme-albumin administered intravenously to mice dose-dependently vasodilates at low- to mid-nanomolar concentrations. In conclusion, we report the fastest rate of reductive nitrosylation observed to date to generate a NO-ferroheme molecule that resists oxidative inactivation, is soluble in cell membranes, and is transported intravascularly by albumin to promote potent vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W. DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Laxman Poudel
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Matthew R. Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiukai Chen
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Brendan S. Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Elmira Alipour
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Jason J. Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
- Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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8
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Naidu SAG, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Host Iron (Fe)-Redox Homeostasis (Fe-R-H): Role of Fe-Redox Regulators, Ferroptosis Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, and Iron-Chelators in COVID-19 Control. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:312-371. [PMID: 35603834 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe imbalance in iron metabolism among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is prominent in every symptomatic (mild, moderate to severe) clinical phase of COVID-19. Phase-I - Hypoxia correlates with reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes, overexpression of HIF-1α, altered mitochondrial bioenergetics with host metabolic reprogramming (HMR). Phase-II - Hyperferritinemia results from an increased iron overload, which triggers a fulminant proinflammatory response - the acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Elevated cytokine levels (i.e. IL6, TNFα and CRP) strongly correlates with altered ferritin/TF ratios in COVID-19 patients. Phase-III - Thromboembolism is consequential to erythrocyte dysfunction with heme release, increased prothrombin time and elevated D-dimers, cumulatively linked to severe coagulopathies with life-threatening outcomes such as ARDS, and multi-organ failure. Taken together, Fe-R-H dysregulation is implicated in every symptomatic phase of COVID-19. Fe-R-H regulators such as lactoferrin (LF), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and hepcidin modulators are innate bio-replenishments that sequester iron, neutralize iron-mediated free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and improve host defense by optimizing iron metabolism. Due to its pivotal role in 'cytokine storm', ferroptosis is a potential intervention target. Ferroptosis inhibitors such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, quercetin, and melatonin could prevent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, up-regulate antioxidant/GSH levels and abrogate iron overload-induced apoptosis through activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Iron chelators such as heparin, deferoxamine, caffeic acid, curcumin, α-lipoic acid, and phytic acid could protect against ferroptosis and restore mitochondrial function, iron-redox potential, and rebalance Fe-R-H status. Therefore, Fe-R-H restoration is a host biomarker-driven potential combat strategy for an effective clinical and post-recovery management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Drvenica IT, Stančić AZ, Maslovarić IS, Trivanović DI, Ilić VL. Extracellular Hemoglobin: Modulation of Cellular Functions and Pathophysiological Effects. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1708. [PMID: 36421721 PMCID: PMC9688122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin is essential for maintaining cellular bioenergetic homeostasis through its ability to bind and transport oxygen to the tissues. Besides its ability to transport oxygen, hemoglobin within erythrocytes plays an important role in cellular signaling and modulation of the inflammatory response either directly by binding gas molecules (NO, CO, and CO2) or indirectly by acting as their source. Once hemoglobin reaches the extracellular environment, it acquires several secondary functions affecting surrounding cells and tissues. By modulating the cell functions, this macromolecule becomes involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of various diseases. The up-to-date results disclose the impact of extracellular hemoglobin on (i) redox status, (ii) inflammatory state of cells, (iii) proliferation and chemotaxis, (iv) mitochondrial dynamic, (v) chemoresistance and (vi) differentiation. This review pays special attention to applied biomedical research and the use of non-vertebrate and vertebrate extracellular hemoglobin as a promising candidate for hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, as well as cell culture medium additive. Although recent experimental settings have some limitations, they provide additional insight into the modulatory activity of extracellular hemoglobin in various cellular microenvironments, such as stem or tumor cells niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana T. Drvenica
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Z. Stančić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina S. Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Drenka I. Trivanović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Lj. Ilić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Canesin G, Feldbrügge L, Wei G, Janovicova L, Janikova M, Csizmadia E, Ariffin J, Hedblom A, Herbert ZT, Robson SC, Celec P, Swanson KD, Nasser I, Popov YV, Wegiel B. Heme oxygenase-1 mitigates liver injury and fibrosis via modulation of LNX1/Notch1 pathway in myeloid cells. iScience 2022; 25:104983. [PMID: 36093061 PMCID: PMC9450142 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of resident macrophages (Mϕ) and hepatic stellate cells is a key event in chronic liver injury. Mice with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; Hmox1)-deficient Mϕ (LysM-Cre:Hmox1 flfl ) exhibit increased inflammation, periportal ductular reaction, and liver fibrosis following bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver injury and increased pericellular fibrosis in NASH model. RiboTag-based RNA-sequencing profiling of hepatic HO-1-deficient Mϕ revealed dysregulation of multiple genes involved in lipid and amino acid metabolism, regulation of oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix turnover. Among these genes, ligand of numb-protein X1 (LNX1) expression is strongly suppressed in HO-1-deficient Mϕ. Importantly, HO-1 and LNX1 were expressed by hepatic Mϕ in human biliary and nonbiliary end-stage cirrhosis. We found that Notch1 expression, a downstream target of LNX1, was increased in LysM-Cre:Hmox1 flfl mice. In HO-1-deficient Mϕ treated with heme, transient overexpression of LNX1 drives M2-like Mϕ polarization. In summary, we identified LNX1/Notch1 pathway as a downstream target of HO-1 in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Canesin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Linda Feldbrügge
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guangyan Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lubica Janovicova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Janikova
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Juliana Ariffin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andreas Hedblom
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zachary T. Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kenneth D. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Imad Nasser
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yury V. Popov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Corresponding author
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11
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Lee GR, Gallo D, Alves de Souza RW, Tiwari-Heckler S, Csizmadia E, Harbison JD, Shankar S, Banner-Goodspeed V, Yaffe MB, Longhi MS, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Trauma-induced heme release increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e150813. [PMID: 34520397 PMCID: PMC8564912 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is a common complication of major trauma that causes significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms, however, linking tissue injury to increased susceptibility to infection remain poorly understood. To study this relationship, we present a potentially novel murine model in which a major liver crush injury is followed by bacterial inoculation into the lung. We find that such tissue trauma both impaired bacterial clearance and was associated with significant elevations in plasma heme levels. While neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to the lung in response to Staphylococcus aureus was unchanged after trauma, PMN cleared bacteria poorly. Moreover, PMN show > 50% less expression of TLR2, which is responsible, in part, for bacterial recognition. Administration of heme effectively substituted for trauma. Finally, day 1 trauma patients (n = 9) showed similar elevations in free heme compared with that seen after murine liver injury, and circulating PMN showed similar TLR2 reduction compared with volunteers (n = 6). These findings correlate to high infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valerie Banner-Goodspeed
- Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Surgery and.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Rapozzi V, Juarranz A, Habib A, Ihan A, Strgar R. Is haem the real target of COVID-19? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102381. [PMID: 34119708 PMCID: PMC8192263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although a vaccination campaign has been launched in many countries, the COVID-19 pandemic is not under control. The main concern is the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, it is important to find approaches to prevent or reduce the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus. Currently, the mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. Considering the clinical effects that occur during the disease, attacking the human respiratory and hematopoietic systems, and the changes in biochemical parameters (including decreases in haemoglobin [Hb] levels and increases in serum ferritin), it is clear that iron metabolism is involved. SARS-CoV-2 induces haemolysis and interacts with Hb molecules via ACE2, CD147, CD26, and other receptors located on erythrocytes and/or blood cell precursors that produce dysfunctional Hb. A molecular docking study has reported a potential link between the virus and the beta chain of haemoglobin and attack on haem. Considering that haem is involved in miRNA processing by binding to the DGCR8-DROSHA complex, we hypothesised that the virus may check this mechanism and thwart the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Strgar
- Institution of Applicative Biophotonics, Technological Park Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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HO-1 and Heme: G-Quadruplex Interaction Choreograph DNA Damage Responses and Cancer Growth. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071801. [PMID: 34359970 PMCID: PMC8307061 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many anti-cancer therapeutics lead to the release of danger associated pattern molecules (DAMPs) as the result of killing large numbers of both normal and transformed cells as well as lysis of red blood cells (RBC) (hemolysis). Labile heme originating from hemolysis acts as a DAMP while its breakdown products exert varying immunomodulatory effects. Labile heme is scavenged by hemopexin (Hx) and processed by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, Hmox1), resulting in its removal and the generation of biliverdin/bilirubin, carbon monoxide (CO) and iron. We recently demonstrated that labile heme accumulates in cancer cell nuclei in the tumor parenchyma of Hx knockout mice and contributes to the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer (PCa) cells and increased metastases. Additionally, this work identified Hx as a tumor suppressor gene. Direct interaction of heme with DNA G-quadruplexes (G4) leads to altered gene expression in cancer cells that regulate transcription, recombination and replication. Here, we provide new data supporting the nuclear role of HO-1 and heme in modulating DNA damage response, G4 stability and cancer growth. Finally, we discuss an alternative role of labile heme as a nuclear danger signal (NDS) that regulates gene expression and nuclear HO-1 regulated DNA damage responses stimulated by its interaction with G4.
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14
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Southam HM, Williamson MP, Chapman JA, Lyon RL, Trevitt CR, Henderson PJF, Poole RK. 'Carbon-Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-2 (CORM-2)' Is a Misnomer: Ruthenium Toxicity, Not CO Release, Accounts for Its Antimicrobial Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060915. [PMID: 34198746 PMCID: PMC8227206 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (CORMs) are used to deliver CO, a biological ‘gasotransmitter’, in biological chemistry and biomedicine. CORMs kill bacteria in culture and in animal models, but are reportedly benign towards mammalian cells. CORM-2 (tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer, Ru2Cl4(CO)6), the first widely used and commercially available CORM, displays numerous pharmacological, biochemical and microbiological activities, generally attributed to CO release. Here, we investigate the basis of its potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and demonstrate, using three globin CO sensors, that CORM-2 releases negligible CO (<0.1 mol CO per mol CORM-2). A strong negative correlation between viability and cellular ruthenium accumulation implies that ruthenium toxicity underlies biocidal activity. Exogenous amino acids and thiols (especially cysteine, glutathione and N-acetyl cysteine) protected bacteria against inhibition of growth by CORM-2. Bacteria treated with 30 μM CORM-2, with added cysteine and histidine, exhibited no significant loss of viability, but were killed in the absence of these amino acids. Their prevention of toxicity correlates with their CORM-2-binding affinities (Cys, Kd 3 μM; His, Kd 130 μM) as determined by 1H-NMR. Glutathione is proposed to be an important intracellular target of CORM-2, with CORM-2 having a much higher affinity for reduced glutathione (GSH) than oxidised glutathione (GSSG) (GSH, Kd 2 μM; GSSG, Kd 25,000 μM). The toxicity of low, but potent, levels (15 μM) of CORM-2 was accompanied by cell lysis, as judged by the release of cytoplasmic ATP pools. The biological effects of CORM-2 and related CORMs, and the design of biological experiments, must be re-examined in the light of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Southam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (H.M.S.); (M.P.W.); (J.A.C.); (R.L.L.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Michael P. Williamson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (H.M.S.); (M.P.W.); (J.A.C.); (R.L.L.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Jonathan A. Chapman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (H.M.S.); (M.P.W.); (J.A.C.); (R.L.L.); (C.R.T.)
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Rhiannon L. Lyon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (H.M.S.); (M.P.W.); (J.A.C.); (R.L.L.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Clare R. Trevitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (H.M.S.); (M.P.W.); (J.A.C.); (R.L.L.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Peter J. F. Henderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Robert K. Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; (H.M.S.); (M.P.W.); (J.A.C.); (R.L.L.); (C.R.T.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Canesin G, Di Ruscio A, Li M, Ummarino S, Hedblom A, Choudhury R, Krzyzanowska A, Csizmadia E, Palominos M, Stiehm A, Ebralidze A, Chen SY, Bassal MA, Zhao P, Tolosano E, Hurley L, Bjartell A, Tenen DG, Wegiel B. Scavenging of Labile Heme by Hemopexin Is a Key Checkpoint in Cancer Growth and Metastases. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108181. [PMID: 32966797 PMCID: PMC7551404 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemopexin (Hx) is a scavenger of labile heme. Herein, we present data defining the role of tumor stroma-expressed Hx in suppressing cancer progression. Labile heme and Hx levels are inversely correlated in the plasma of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Further, low expression of Hx in PCa biopsies characterizes poorly differentiated tumors and correlates with earlier time to relapse. Significantly, heme promotes tumor growth and metastases in an orthotopic murine model of PCa, with the most aggressive phenotype detected in mice lacking Hx. Mechanistically, labile heme accumulates in the nucleus and modulates specific gene expression via interacting with guanine quadruplex (G4) DNA structures to promote PCa growth. We identify c-MYC as a heme:G4-regulated gene and a major player in heme-driven cancer progression. Collectively, these results reveal that sequestration of labile heme by Hx may block heme-driven tumor growth and metastases, suggesting a potential strategy to prevent and/or arrest cancer dissemination. Canesin et al. describe a role and mechanism for labile heme as a key player in regulating gene expression to promote carcinogenesis via binding to G-quadruplex in the c-MYC promoter. Hemopexin, a heme scavenger, may be used as a strategy to block progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Canesin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Annalisa Di Ruscio
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; University of Eastern Piedmont, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA.
| | - Mailin Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; University of Eastern Piedmont, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Ummarino
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; University of Eastern Piedmont, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara, Italy
| | - Andreas Hedblom
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Reeham Choudhury
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Agnieszka Krzyzanowska
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Macarena Palominos
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Anna Stiehm
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ebralidze
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Shao-Yong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Bassal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laurence Hurley
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02214, USA.
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16
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Hopp MT, Imhof D. Linking Labile Heme with Thrombosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:427. [PMID: 33499296 PMCID: PMC7865584 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. As such, it also occurs as one of the major complications in hemolytic diseases, like hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemorrhage and sickle cell disease. Under these conditions, red blood cell lysis finally leads to the release of large amounts of labile heme into the vascular compartment. This, in turn, can trigger oxidative stress and proinflammatory reactions. Moreover, the heme-induced activation of the blood coagulation system was suggested as a mechanism for the initiation of thrombotic events under hemolytic conditions. Studies of heme infusion and subsequent thrombotic reactions support this assumption. Furthermore, several direct effects of heme on different cellular and protein components of the blood coagulation system were reported. However, these effects are controversially discussed or not yet fully understood. This review summarizes the existing reports on heme and its interference in coagulation processes, emphasizing the relevance of considering heme in the context of the treatment of thrombosis in patients with hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
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17
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Wollborn J, Steiger C, Ruetten E, Benk C, Kari FA, Wunder C, Meinel L, Buerkle H, Schick MA, Goebel U. Carbon monoxide improves haemodynamics during extracorporeal resuscitation in pigs. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:158-170. [PMID: 30873524 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart disease of different aetiology remains the leading cause of cardiac arrest (CA). Despite efforts to improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), subsequent myocardial and systemic damage after CA still present a major long-term burden. Low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) is known to exert protective effects in cardiovascular pathophysiology but clinical applications are challenged by unfavourable delivery modes. We tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal resuscitation (E-CPR) in combination with controlled fast onset CO delivery results in improved cardiac physiology and haemodynamics. Damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signalling may be part of the molecular mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS In an established porcine model, E-CPR was performed. While E-CPR leads to similar results as compared to a conventional CPR strategy, CO delivery in combination with E-CPR demonstrated significant cardioprotection. Cardiac performance analysis using echocardiography and thermodilution techniques showed a CO-dependent improved cardiac function compared to severe myocardial dysfunction in CPR and E-CPR (left ventricular ejection fraction: Sham 49 ± 5; CPR 26 ± 2; E-CPR 25 ± 2; CO-E-CPR 31 ± 4; P < 0.05). While sublingual microcirculation was significantly compromised in CPR and E-CPR, CO delivery demonstrated a significant improvement in microvascular function (microvascular flow index: Sham 2.9 ± 0.1; CPR 2.2 ± 0.1; E-CPR 1.8 ± 0.1; CO-E-CPR 2.7 ± 0.1; P < 0.01). Histological and serological myocardial damage markers were significantly reduced (hsTroponin-T Sham 0.01 ± 0.001; CPR 1.9 ± 0.2; E-CPR 3.5 ± 1.2; CO-E-CPR 0.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL; P < 0.05). DAMP signalling was decreased ipse facto leading to influence of cardioprotective heat shock and cyclooxygenase response. CONCLUSIONS CO treatment restores myocardial function and improves systemic macro- and microhaemodynamics in E-CPR through a reduction in DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Steiger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Ruetten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Benk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian A Kari
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wunder
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Buerkle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Koike R, Cueno ME, Nodomi K, Tamura M, Kamio N, Tanaka H, Kotani A, Imai K. Heat-Killed Fusobacterium nucleatum Triggers Varying Heme-Related Inflammatory and Stress Responses Depending on Primary Human Respiratory Epithelial Cell Type. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173839. [PMID: 32847022 PMCID: PMC7504371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is generally an opportunistic oral pathogen that adheres to mammalian mucosal sites, triggering a host inflammatory response. In general, Fn is normally found within the human oral cavity; however, it was previously reported that Fn is a risk factor for certain respiratory diseases. Surprisingly, this was never fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the virulence potential of heat-killed Fn on primary human tracheal, bronchial, and alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, we measured the secretion of inflammatory- (IL-8 and IL-6), stress- (total heme and hydrogen peroxide), and cell death-related (caspase-1 and caspase-3) signals. We established that the inflammatory response mechanism varies in each epithelial cell type: (1) along tracheal cells, possible Fn adherence would trigger increased heme secretion and regulated inflammatory response; (2) along bronchial cells, potential Fn adherence would simultaneously initiate an increase in secreted H2O2 and inflammatory response (ascribable to decreased secreted heme amounts); and (3) along alveolar cells, putative Fn adherence would instigate the increased secretion of inflammatory responses attributable to a decrease in secreted heme levels. Moreover, regardless of the epithelial cell-specific inflammatory mechanism, we believe these are putative, not harmful. Taken together, we propose that any potential Fn-driven inflammation along the respiratory tract would be initiated by differing epithelial cell-specific inflammatory mechanisms that are collectively dependent on secreted heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Koike
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan;
| | - Marni E. Cueno
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (K.N.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (K.I.)
| | - Keiko Nodomi
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (K.N.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Muneaki Tamura
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (K.N.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Noriaki Kamio
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (K.N.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (K.N.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (H.T.)
| | - Ai Kotani
- Department of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan;
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (K.N.); (M.T.); (N.K.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (K.I.)
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19
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Di Pietro C, Öz HH, Murray TS, Bruscia EM. Targeting the Heme Oxygenase 1/Carbon Monoxide Pathway to Resolve Lung Hyper-Inflammation and Restore a Regulated Immune Response in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1059. [PMID: 32760278 PMCID: PMC7372134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), lung hyper-inflammation starts early in life and is perpetuated by mucus obstruction and persistent bacterial infections. The continuous tissue damage and scarring caused by non-resolving inflammation leads to bronchiectasis and, ultimately, respiratory failure. Macrophages (MΦs) are key regulators of immune response and host defense. We and others have shown that, in CF, MΦs are hyper-inflammatory and exhibit reduced bactericidal activity. Thus, MΦs contribute to the inability of CF lung tissues to control the inflammatory response or restore tissue homeostasis. The non-resolving hyper-inflammation in CF lungs is attributed to an impairment of several signaling pathways associated with resolution of the inflammatory response, including the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) pathway. HO-1 is an enzyme that degrades heme groups, leading to the production of potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal mediators, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and CO. This pathway is fundamental to re-establishing cellular homeostasis in response to various insults, such as oxidative stress and infection. Monocytes/MΦs rely on abundant induction of the HO-1/CO pathway for a controlled immune response and for potent bactericidal activity. Here, we discuss studies showing that blunted HO-1 activation in CF-affected cells contributes to hyper-inflammation and defective host defense against bacteria. We dissect potential cellular mechanisms that may lead to decreased HO-1 induction in CF cells. We review literature suggesting that induction of HO-1 may be beneficial for the treatment of CF lung disease. Finally, we discuss recent studies highlighting how endogenous HO-1 can be induced by administration of controlled doses of CO to reduce lung hyper-inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial infection, and dysfunctional ion transport, which are all hallmarks of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela M. Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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20
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Abdel-Wahab BA, Alkahtani SA, Elagab EAM. Tadalafil alleviates cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and the inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis in male rats. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:165-174. [PMID: 32621855 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Male reproductive toxicity is a well-known adverse effect of cisplatin (CIS), an important antineoplastic agent used to control several types of cancers. Tadalafil (TDF), is a long-acting phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor commonly used as treatment for erectile dysfunction. The aim of this work was to study the possible protective effect of TDF against CIS-induced testicular toxicity in rats and the possible involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which demonstrates antioxidant and inflammatory activities utilizing zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP) as HO-1 inhibitor. Results revealed that TDF attenuated the CIS-induced disturbances in sperm count and activities, normalized the serum testosterone level, improved the CIS-induced changes in epididymal and testicular weights and restored the normal structure of testicular tissues. In addition, TDF upregulated the gene expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and the activity of HO-1 whereas, it reduced the CIS-induced changes in testicular oxidative stress markers and the levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and iNOS). Furthermore, TDF antagonized the CIS-induced increase in testicular gene expression of apoptotic markers caspase-3 and Bax, and the decrease in Bcl-2. However, ZnPP co-administration significantly attenuated all TDF-mediated improvements in CIS-induced testicular toxicity, biochemical changes, and apoptosis. In conclusion, TDF exerts a protective effect against CIS-induced reproductive toxicity in males, through different mechanisms, besides its inhibitory action to PDE5, possibly mediated by the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1, along with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Hence, the use of TDF represents a promising therapeutic approach to protect the male reproductive system from the harmful toxic effects of CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, P.O. 1988, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Saad Ahmad Alkahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, P.O. 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab A M Elagab
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, P.O. 1988, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Belcher JD, Zhang P, Nguyen J, Kiser ZM, Nath KA, Hu J, Trent JO, Vercellotti GM. Identification of a Heme Activation Site on the MD-2/TLR4 Complex. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1370. [PMID: 32695117 PMCID: PMC7338675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and initiates toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pro-inflammatory signaling. Heme also activates TLR4 signaling, but it is unknown if heme interacts with MD-2. Therefore, we examined MD-2 for a potential heme activation site. Heme-agarose and biotin-heme/streptavidin-agarose pulled down recombinant MD-2, which was inhibited by excess free heme. UV/visible spectroscopy confirmed MD-2-heme binding. To determine whether MD-2 was required for heme-mediated TLR4 signaling, HEK293 cells were transfected with MD-2, TLR4, CD14, and an NF-κB luciferase reporter, and then stimulated with heme or LPS. Heme or LPS treatment elicited robust reporter activity. Absence of MD-2, TLR4 or CD14 plasmid abolished NF-κB reporter responses to heme or LPS. In silico analysis identified two potential heme docking sites on MD-2 near conserved amino acids W23/S33/Y34 and Y36/C37/I44. Heme-induced NF-κB activity was reduced by 39 and 78% in HEK293 cells transfected with MD-2 mutants W23A and Y34A, respectively, compared to WT-MD-2. NF-κB activation by LPS was not affected by the same mutants. Biotinyl-heme/streptavidin-agarose pulled down 68% less W23A and 80% less W23A/S33A/Y34A mutant MD-2 than WT-MD-2. In contrast, at the Y36/C37/I44 MD-2 site, heme-induced NF-κB activity was significantly increased by mutants Y36A (191% of WT-MD-2) and unchanged by mutants C37A and I44A (95 and 92%, respectively, of WT-MD-2). In conclusion, these data suggest that heme binds and activates TLR4 signaling at amino acids W23 and Y34 on MD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Belcher
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Julia Nguyen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Zachary M Kiser
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jianjun Hu
- College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - John O Trent
- Departments of Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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22
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Wagener FADTG, Pickkers P, Peterson SJ, Immenschuh S, Abraham NG. Targeting the Heme-Heme Oxygenase System to Prevent Severe Complications Following COVID-19 Infections. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E540. [PMID: 32575554 PMCID: PMC7346191 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is causing a pandemic resulting in high morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are often critically ill and show lung injury and hemolysis. Heme is a prosthetic moiety crucial for the function of a wide variety of heme-proteins, including hemoglobin and cytochromes. However, injury-derived free heme promotes adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte recruitment, vascular permeabilization, platelet activation, complement activation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. Heme can be degraded by the anti-inflammatory enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) generating biliverdin/bilirubin, iron/ferritin, and carbon monoxide. We therefore postulate that free heme contributes to many of the inflammatory phenomena witnessed in critically ill COVID-19 patients, whilst induction of HO-1 or harnessing heme may provide protection. HO-activity not only degrades injurious heme, but its effector molecules possess also potent salutary anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Until a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 becomes available, we need to explore novel strategies to attenuate the pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic, and pro-fibrotic consequences of SARS-CoV-2 leading to morbidity and mortality. The heme-HO system represents an interesting target for novel "proof of concept" studies in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener
- Department of Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
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23
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Wang L, Vijayan V, Jang MS, Thorenz A, Greite R, Rong S, Chen R, Shushakova N, Tudorache I, Derlin K, Pradhan P, Madyaningrana K, Madrahimov N, Bräsen JH, Lichtinghagen R, van Kooten C, Huber-Lang M, Haller H, Immenschuh S, Gueler F. Labile Heme Aggravates Renal Inflammation and Complement Activation After Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2975. [PMID: 31921212 PMCID: PMC6933315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) plays a major role in solid organ transplantation. The length of warm ischemia time is critical for the extent of tissue damage in renal IRI. In this experimental study we hypothesized that local release of labile heme in renal tissue is triggered by the duration of warm ischemia (15 vs. 45 min IRI) and mediates complement activation, cytokine release, and inflammation. Methods: To induce IRI, renal pedicle clamping was performed in male C57BL/6 mice for short (15 min) or prolonged (45 min) time periods. Two and 24 h after experimental ischemia tissue injury labile heme levels in the kidney were determined with an apo-horseradish peroxidase assay. Moreover, renal injury, cytokines, and C5a and C3a receptor (C5aR, C3aR) expression were determined by histology, immunohistochemistry and qPCR, respectively. In addition, in vitro studies stimulating bone marrow-derived macrophages with LPS and the combination of LPS and heme were performed and cytokine expression was measured. Results: Inflammation and local tissue injury correlated with the duration of warm ischemia time. Labile heme concentrations in renal tissue were significantly higher after prolonged (45 min) as compared to short (15 min) IRI. Notably, expression of the inducible heme-degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was up-regulated in kidneys after prolonged, but not after short IRI. C5aR, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α as well as pERK were up-regulated after prolonged, but not after short ischemia times. Consecutively, neutrophil infiltration and up-regulation of pro-fibrotic cytokines such as CTGF and PAI were more pronounced in prolonged IRI in comparison to short IRI. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with LPS revealed that IL-6 expression was enhanced in the presence of heme. Finally, administration of the heme scavenger human serum albumin (HSA) reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, C3a receptor and improved tubular function indicated by enhanced alpha 1 microglobulin (A1M) absorption after IRI. Conclusions: Our data show that prolonged duration of warm ischemia time increased labile heme levels in the kidney, which correlates with IRI-dependent inflammation and up-regulation of anaphylatoxin receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mi-Sun Jang
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anja Thorenz
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Robert Greite
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Igor Tudorache
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katja Derlin
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Pooja Pradhan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kukuh Madyaningrana
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nodir Madrahimov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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24
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Abstract
In 1994, the “danger model” argued that adaptive immune responses are driven rather by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of “strange” molecules. Thus, an alternative to the “self versus non-self recognition model” has been provided. The model, which suggests that the immune system discriminates dangerous from safe molecules, has established the basis for the future designation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a term that was coined by Walter G. Land, Seong, and Matzinger. The pathological importance of DAMPs is barely somewhere else evident as in the posttraumatic or post-surgical inflammation and regeneration. Since DAMPs have been identified to trigger specific immune responses and inflammation, which is not necessarily detrimental but also regenerative, it still remains difficult to describe their “friend or foe” role in the posttraumatic immunogenicity and healing process. DAMPs can be used as biomarkers to indicate and/or to monitor a disease or injury severity, but they also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for optimized indication of the timing for, i.e., secondary surgeries. While experimental studies allow the detection of these biomarkers on different levels including cellular, tissue, and circulatory milieu, this is not always easily transferable to the human situation. Thus, in this review, we focus on the recent literature dealing with the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs after traumatic injury. Since dysregulated inflammation in traumatized patients always implies disturbed resolution of inflammation, so-called model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs) will be very briefly introduced. Thus, an update on this topic in the field of trauma will be provided.
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25
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Duvigneau JC, Esterbauer H, Kozlov AV. Role of Heme Oxygenase as a Modulator of Heme-Mediated Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100475. [PMID: 31614577 PMCID: PMC6827082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) system is essential for heme and iron homeostasis and necessary for adaptation to cell stress. HO degrades heme to biliverdin (BV), carbon monoxide (CO) and ferrous iron. Although mostly beneficial, the HO reaction can also produce deleterious effects, predominantly attributed to excessive product formation. Underrated so far is, however, that HO may exert effects additionally via modulation of the cellular heme levels. Heme, besides being an often-quoted generator of oxidative stress, plays also an important role as a signaling molecule. Heme controls the anti-oxidative defense, circadian rhythms, activity of ion channels, glucose utilization, erythropoiesis, and macrophage function. This broad spectrum of effects depends on its interaction with proteins ranging from transcription factors to enzymes. In degrading heme, HO has the potential to exert effects also via modulation of heme-mediated pathways. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of pathways regulated by heme to enlarge the view on HO and its role in cell physiology. We will further highlight the contribution of HO to pathophysiology, which results from a dysregulated balance between heme and the degradation products formed by HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Catharina Duvigneau
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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26
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Lee GR, Shaefi S, Otterbein LE. HO-1 and CD39: It Takes Two to Protect the Realm. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1765. [PMID: 31402920 PMCID: PMC6676250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protective mechanisms exist to ensure survival of the cells and are a fundamental feature of all cells that is necessary for adapting to changes in the environment. Indeed, evolution has ensured that each cell is equipped with multiple overlapping families of genes that safeguard against pathogens, injury, stress, and dysfunctional metabolic processes. Two of the better-known enzymatic systems, conserved through all species, include the heme oxygenases (HO-1/HO-2), and the ectonucleotidases (CD39/73). Each of these systems generates critical bioactive products that regulate the cellular response to a stressor. Absence of these molecules results in the cell being extremely predisposed to collapse and, in most cases, results in the death of the cell. Recent reports have begun to link these two metabolic pathways, and what were once exclusively stand-alone are now being found to be intimately interrelated and do so through their innate ability to generate bioactive products including adenosine, carbon monoxide, and bilirubin. These simple small molecules elicit profound cellular physiologic responses that impact a number of innate immune responses, and participate in the regulation of inflammation and tissue repair. Collectively these enzymes are linked not only because of the mitochondria being the source of their substrates, but perhaps more importantly, because of the impact of their products on specific cellular responses. This review will provide a synopsis of the current state of the field regarding how these systems are linked and how they are now being leveraged as therapeutic modalities in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghee Rye Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shahzad Shaefi
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Donegan RK, Moore CM, Hanna DA, Reddi AR. Handling heme: The mechanisms underlying the movement of heme within and between cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:88-100. [PMID: 30092350 PMCID: PMC6363905 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Heme is an essential cofactor and signaling molecule required for virtually all aerobic life. However, excess heme is cytotoxic. Therefore, heme must be safely transported and trafficked from the site of synthesis in the mitochondria or uptake at the cell surface, to hemoproteins in most subcellular compartments. While heme synthesis and degradation are relatively well characterized, little is known about how heme is trafficked and transported throughout the cell. Herein, we review eukaryotic heme transport, trafficking, and mobilization, with a focus on factors that regulate bioavailable heme. We also highlight the role of gasotransmitters and small molecules in heme mobilization and bioavailability, and heme trafficking at the host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Donegan
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Courtney M Moore
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - David A Hanna
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Amit R Reddi
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Parker Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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28
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Do nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide really qualify as 'gasotransmitters' in bacteria? Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1107-1118. [PMID: 30190328 PMCID: PMC6195638 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A gasotransmitter is defined as a small, generally reactive, gaseous molecule that, in solution, is generated endogenously in an organism and exerts important signalling roles. It is noteworthy that these molecules are also toxic and antimicrobial. We ask: is this definition of a gasotransmitter appropriate in the cases of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in microbes? Recent advances show that, not only do bacteria synthesise each of these gases, but the molecules also have important signalling or messenger roles in addition to their toxic effects. However, strict application of the criteria proposed for a gasotransmitter leads us to conclude that the term ‘small molecule signalling agent’, as proposed by Fukuto and others, is preferable terminology.
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29
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Vazquez-Garza E, Jerjes-Sanchez C, Navarrete A, Joya-Harrison J, Rodriguez D. Venous thromboembolism: thrombosis, inflammation, and immunothrombosis for clinicians. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 44:377-385. [PMID: 28730407 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-017-1528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a worldwide disease related with mortality, cardiovascular disability, impaired quality of life and, cause major long-term complications. Clinicians related to the acute and long-term patients care must be involved in the molecular mechanisms of thrombosis. The vessel wall and its inner lining of the endothelium are critical to the maintenance of a patent vasculature. After endothelial disruption, collagen (first line of endothelial defense) and intravascular tissue factor (second line of endothelial defense) are exposed to blood flow, starting the formation of a thrombus. Anticoagulant endovascular proteins and endogenous fibrinolysis have an active role in hemostasis. Currently, the process of coagulation is a cell surface-based model that includes three overlapping phases: initiation, amplification, and propagation. From a simple view, inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection; inflammation is driven by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells. Common cytokines, which regulate inflammatory response, include interleukins (mainly interleukin-6) that are responsible for communication among white blood cells, chemokines that promote chemotaxis, and interferons that have anti-viral effects. Acute infections have been associated with a transient increase in the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and recently with venous thrombosis, supporting the notion that systemic and respiratory infections increase the risk of thromboembolic events. Recently, immunothrombosis, another thrombosis mechanism that includes innate immune mechanisms, the neutrophil extracellular genetic traps, and the immunothrombosis dysregulation, could explain some cases of "unprovoked" VTE especially in elderly, a high-risk population for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vazquez-Garza
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica del Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud. Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Batallón de San Patricio 112, Real San Agustin, 66278, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Carlos Jerjes-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica del Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud. Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Batallón de San Patricio 112, Real San Agustin, 66278, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. .,Instituto de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, TecSalud and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica del Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
| | - Aline Navarrete
- Programa Multicéntrico de Residencias Médicas - Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jorge Joya-Harrison
- Programa Multicéntrico de Residencias Médicas - Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - David Rodriguez
- Instituto de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, TecSalud and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica del Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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30
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Ekregbesi P, Shankar-Hari M, Bottomley C, Riley EM, Mooney JP. Relationship between Anaemia, Haemolysis, Inflammation and Haem Oxygenase-1 at Admission with Sepsis: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11198. [PMID: 30046137 PMCID: PMC6060141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), due to haemolysis and/or inflammation, can lead to impaired immune function. Anaemia is common among sepsis patients, but the consequences of sepsis-associated anaemia are poorly understood. Here, our objective was to determine the prevalence and extent of anaemia, haemolysis, inflammation, and HO-1 induction after early hospital admission. We hypothesised that inflammation- or infection-induced haemolysis contributes to sepsis-associated anaemia and that this will lead to expression of HO-1. In this study, plasma obtained from seventy adult patients within 12 hours of admission to intensive care due to sepsis were analysed for anaemia, haemolysis and inflammatory markers by ELISA and microbead array. The majority (82.6%) of patients were anaemic with evidence of haemolysis (raised haem, haptoglobin, haemopexin, and HO-1 concentrations). Interestingly, concentrations of both haemoglobin and IL-10 were moderately positively correlated with HO-1 concentration (Hb: r = 0.32, p = 0.007; IL-10 r = 0.39, p = 0.0008) whereas HO-1 concentration was weakly negatively correlated with haemopexin (r = −0.23, p = 0.055). Anaemia, while common, was not associated with HO-1 concentration. After adjusting for confounding, HO-1 induction appears to be associated primarily with IL-10 concentration rather than haemolysis. Disease severity at diagnosis was correlated with early plasma IL-10 (r = 0.35, p = 0.003) and HO-1 (r = 0.24, p = 0.048) concentrations. Notably, admission levels of haem, HO-1, and IL-10 were indicators of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phebe Ekregbesi
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Bottomley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P Mooney
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. .,Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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31
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Vourc'h M, Roquilly A, Asehnoune K. Trauma-Induced Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns-Mediated Remote Organ Injury and Immunosuppression in the Acutely Ill Patient. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1330. [PMID: 29963048 PMCID: PMC6013556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Multiple trauma or isolated traumatic brain injury are both indicative of human tissue damage. In the early phase after trauma, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released and give rise to sterile systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organ failure. Later, protracted inflammation following sepsis will favor hospital-acquired infection and will worsen patient’s outcome through immunosuppression. Throughout medical care or surgical procedures, severe trauma patients will be subjected to endogenous or exogenous DAMPs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding DAMP-mediated SIRS or immunosuppression and the clinical consequences in terms of organ failure and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Vourc'h
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Hôtel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Hôtel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Laboratoire UPRES EA3826 "Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections", IRS2 - Nantes Biotech, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Hôtel Dieu, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Abstract
This review summarizes a short list of currently discussed trauma-induced danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). Due to the bivalent character and often pleiotropic effects of a DAMP, it is difficult to describe its "friend or foe" role in post-traumatic inflammation and regeneration, both systemically as well locally in tissues. DAMP can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease or injury severity, but also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for better indication and timing of surgery. Due to the inflammatory processes at the local tissue level or the systemic level, the precise role of DAMP is not always clear to define. While in vitro and experimental studies allow for the detection of these biomarkers at the different levels of an organism-cellular, tissue, circulation-this is not always easily transferable to the human setting. Increased knowledge exploring the dual role of DAMP after trauma, and concentrating on their nuclear functions, transcriptional targets, release mechanisms, cellular sources, multiple functions, their interactions and potential therapeutic targeting is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Katharina Mörs
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
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Molecular basis for the integration of environmental signals by FurB from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Biochem J 2018; 475:151-168. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
FUR (Ferric uptake regulator) proteins are among the most important families of transcriptional regulators in prokaryotes, often behaving as global regulators. In the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120, FurB (Zur, Zinc uptake regulator) controls zinc and redox homeostasis through the repression of target genes in a zinc-dependent manner. In vitro, non-specific binding of FurB to DNA elicits protection against oxidative damage and avoids cleavage by deoxyribonuclease I. The present study provides, for the first time, evidence of the influence of redox environment in the interaction of FurB with regulatory zinc and its consequences in FurB–DNA-binding affinity. Calorimetry studies showed that, in addition to one structural Zn(II), FurB is able to bind two additional Zn(II) per monomer and demonstrated the implication of cysteine C93 in regulatory Zn(II) coordination. The interaction of FurB with the second regulatory zinc occurred only under reducing conditions. While non-specific FurB–DNA interaction is Zn(II)-independent, the optimal binding of FurB to target promoters required loading of two regulatory zinc ions. Those results combined with site-directed mutagenesis and gel-shift assays evidenced that the redox state of cysteine C93 conditions the binding of the second regulatory Zn(II) and, in turn, modulates the affinity for a specific DNA target. Furthermore, differential spectroscopy studies showed that cysteine C93 could also be involved in heme coordination by FurB, either as a direct ligand or being located near the binding site. The results indicate that besides controlling zinc homeostasis, FurB could work as a redox-sensing protein probably modifying its zinc and DNA-binding abilities depending upon environmental conditions.
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Dong B, Zhang Z, Xie K, Yang Y, Shi Y, Wang C, Yu Y. Hemopexin promotes angiogenesis via up-regulating HO-1 in rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:2. [PMID: 29298658 PMCID: PMC5751849 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a critical pathophysiological change of ischemic stroke. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme of eliminating excessive free heme by combining with hemopexin (HPX), a plasma protein contributing to alleviating infarct size due to ischemia stroke. This study was to investigate whether HPX could improve angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion via up-regulating HO-1. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, MCAO, MCAO + Vehicle, MCAO + HPX and MCAO + HPX + protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX, an HO-1 inhibitor). Cerebral I/R was induced by MCAO. Saline, vehicle, HPX and HPX + ZnPPIX were respectively given to MCAO group, MCAO + Vehicle group, MCAO + HPX group and MCAO + HPX + ZnPPIX group at the moment after reperfusion by intracerebroventricular injection. Neurological behavioral scores(NBS) was assessed at 24 h and 7d after I/R. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA level of HO-1. Angiogenesis in penumbra area was assessed by immunofluorescence detection at 7d after I/R. Serum endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 24 h and 7d after I/R. RESULTS Compared with sham group, the NBS and the mRNA levels of HO-1 at 24 h and 7d after I/R in MCAO group decreased notably (P < 0.05), the new vessel density in ischemia penumbra increased notably at 7d after I/R (P < 0.05), the serum eNOS level increased at 24 h and 7d after I/R (P < 0.05). MCAO group and MCAO + Vehicle group showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). In the MCAO + HPX group, compared with MCAO + Vehicle group, the NBS and the mRNA levels of HO-1 increased drastically at 24 h and 7d after I/R (P < 0.05), the new vessel density in ischemia penumbra increased significantly at 7d after I/R (P < 0.05), the serum eNOS level at 24 h and 7d after I/R ascended notably (P < 0.05). Compared with MCAO + HPX group, the NBS assessment, new vessel density and serum eNOS level decreased at corresponding time points after I/R in MCAO + HPX+ ZnPPIX group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HPX can promote angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via up-regulating HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongyan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
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Lee SR, Nilius B, Han J. Gaseous Signaling Molecules in Cardiovascular Function: From Mechanisms to Clinical Translation. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 174:81-156. [PMID: 29372329 DOI: 10.1007/112_2017_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitric oxide (NO) constitute endogenous gaseous molecules produced by specific enzymes. These gases are chemically simple, but exert multiple effects and act through shared molecular targets to control both physiology and pathophysiology in the cardiovascular system (CVS). The gases act via direct and/or indirect interactions with each other in proteins such as heme-containing enzymes, the mitochondrial respiratory complex, and ion channels, among others. Studies of the major impacts of CO, H2S, and NO on the CVS have revealed their involvement in controlling blood pressure and in reducing cardiac reperfusion injuries, although their functional roles are not limited to these conditions. In this review, the basic aspects of CO, H2S, and NO, including their production and effects on enzymes, mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis, and ion channels are briefly addressed to provide insight into their biology with respect to the CVS. Finally, potential therapeutic applications of CO, H2S, and NO with the CVS are addressed, based on the use of exogenous donors and different types of delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Traumatic injury as one of the world's most relevant but neglected health concerns results in modulated inflammasome activity, which is closely linked to the development of post-injury complications. Cytokine-producing capacity of cells is important for the appropriate immune response to trauma and requires not only synthesis and transcription of inflammasome components but also their activation. Unfortunately, the precise role of inflammasome in trauma is still largely unknown. However, in the following chapter, we provide an overview on the best described inflammasomes in the various settings of trauma, introducing the recent findings on the up-to-date best described NLRP inflammasomes and underlying cytokines in the inflammatory response to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Rafiei J, Yavari K, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Preferential role of iron in heme degradation of hemoglobin upon gamma irradiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:1087-1095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hepcidin-(In)dependent Mechanisms of Iron Metabolism Regulation during Infection by Listeria and Salmonella. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00353-17. [PMID: 28652306 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00353-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During bacterial infection, the pathogenic agent and the host battle for iron, due to its importance for fundamental cellular processes. However, iron redistribution and sequestration during infection can culminate in anemia. Although hepcidin has been recognized as the key regulator of iron metabolism, in some infections its levels remain unaffected, suggesting the involvement of other players in iron metabolism deregulation. In this work, we use a mouse model to elucidate the main cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to iron redistribution during infection with two different pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Both infections clearly impacted iron metabolism, causing iron redistribution, decreasing serum iron levels, decreasing the saturation of transferrin, and increasing iron accumulation in the liver. Both infections were accompanied by the release of proinflammatory cytokines. However, when analyzing iron-related gene expression in the liver, we observed that hepcidin was induced by S Typhimurium but not by L. monocytogenes In the latter model, the downregulation of hepatic ferroportin mRNA and protein levels suggested that ferroportin plays a major role in iron redistribution. On the other hand, S Typhimurium infection induced the expression of hepcidin mRNA, and we show here, for the first time in vivo, that this induction is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent. In this work, we compare several aspects of iron metabolism alterations induced by two different pathogens and suggest that hepcidin-(in)dependent mechanisms contribute to iron redistribution upon infection.
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Wenzel P, Kossmann S, Münzel T, Daiber A. Redox regulation of cardiovascular inflammation - Immunomodulatory function of mitochondrial and Nox-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:48-60. [PMID: 28108279 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of cardiovascular diseases although a causal link was so far not proven by large clinical trials. However, there is a close association between oxidative stress and inflammation and increasing evidence for a causal role of (low-grade) inflammation for the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, which may serve as the missing link between oxidative stress and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. With the present review we would like to highlight the multiple redox regulated pathways in inflammation, discuss the sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are of interest for these processes and finally discuss the importance of angiotensin II (AT-II) as a trigger of cardiovascular inflammation and the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wenzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Kossmann
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany.
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Li G, Xue H, Fan Z, Bai Y. Impact of heme on specific antibody production in mice: promotive, inhibitive or null outcome is determined by its concentration. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00303. [PMID: 28560357 PMCID: PMC5435615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Free heme is an endogenous danger signal that provokes innate immunity. Active innate immunity provides a precondition of an effective adaptive immune response. However, heme catabolites, CO, biliverdin and bilirubin trigger immunosuppression. Furthermore, free heme induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 to increase production of CO, biliverdin and bilirubin. As such, free heme can play a paradoxical role in adaptive immunity. What is the outcome of the animal immune response to an antigen in the presence of free heme? This question remains to be explored. Here, we report the immunization results of rats and mice after intraperitoneal injection of formulations containing BSA and heme. When the heme concentrations were below 1 μM, between 1 μM and 5 μM and above 5 μM, production of anti-BSA IgG and IgM was unaffected, enhanced and suppressed, respectively. The results suggest that heme can influence adaptive immunity by double concentration-thresholds. If the heme concentrations are less than the first threshold, there is no effect on adaptive immunity; if the concentrations are more than the first but less than the second threshold, there is promotion effect; and if the concentrations are more than the second threshold, there is an inhibitory effect. A hypothesis is also presented here to explain the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Li
- Experimental Training Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China, 519082
| | - Haiyan Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
| | - Zeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
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Reeder BJ. Redox and Peroxidase Activities of the Hemoglobin Superfamily: Relevance to Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:763-776. [PMID: 27637274 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Erythrocyte hemoglobin (Hb) and myocyte myoglobin, although primarily oxygen-carrying proteins, have the capacity to do redox chemistry. Such redox activity in the wider family of globins now appears to have important associations with the mechanisms of cell stress response. In turn, an understanding of such mechanisms in vivo may have a potential in the understanding of cancer therapy resistance and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's. Recent Advances: There has been an enhanced understanding of the redox chemistry of the globin superfamily in recent years, leading to advances in development of Hb-based blood substitutes and in hypotheses relating to specific disease mechanisms. Neuroglobin (Ngb) and cytoglobin (Cygb) have been linked to cell protection mechanisms against hypoxia and oxidative stress, with implications in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases for Ngb and cancer for Cygb. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite advances in the understanding of redox chemistry of globins, the physiological roles of many of these proteins still remain ambiguous at best. Confusion over potential physiological roles may relate to multifunctional roles for globins, which may be modulated by surface-exposed cysteine pairs in some globins. Such roles may be critical in deciphering the relationships of these globins in human diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are required to connect the considerable knowledge on the mechanisms of globin redox chemistry in vitro with the physiological and pathological roles of globins in vivo. In doing so, new therapies for neurodegenerative disorders and cancer therapy resistance may be targeted. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 763-776.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Reeder
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex , Essex, United Kingdom
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42
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Otterbein LE, Foresti R, Motterlini R. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in the Heart: The Balancing Act Between Danger Signaling and Pro-Survival. Circ Res 2017; 118:1940-1959. [PMID: 27283533 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes governing the ability of the heart to repair and regenerate after injury is crucial for developing translational medical solutions. New avenues of exploration include cardiac cell therapy and cellular reprogramming targeting cell death and regeneration. An attractive possibility is the exploitation of cytoprotective genes that exist solely for self-preservation processes and serve to promote and support cell survival. Although the antioxidant and heat-shock proteins are included in this category, one enzyme that has received a great deal of attention as a master protective sentinel is heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of heme into the bioactive signaling molecules carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and iron. The remarkable cardioprotective effects ascribed to heme oxygenase-1 are best evidenced by its ability to regulate inflammatory processes, cellular signaling, and mitochondrial function ultimately mitigating myocardial tissue injury and the progression of vascular-proliferative disease. We discuss here new insights into the role of heme oxygenase-1 and heme on cardiovascular health, and importantly, how they might be leveraged to promote heart repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France.,University Paris Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France.,University Paris Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France
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Characteristics of the heme catabolic pathway in mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and their associations with inflammation and disease prevention. Sci Rep 2017; 7:755. [PMID: 28389660 PMCID: PMC5429724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme catabolism exerts physiological functions that impact health through depressing inflammation. Upon reactive pathway progression, as in Gilbert’s Syndrome (GS; UGT1A1*28 polymorphism), aggravated health effects have been determined. Based on lower inflammation and improved metabolic health reported for GS, inter-group differences in heme catabolism were explored. Therefore, a case-control study including 120 fasted, healthy, age- and gender matched subjects with/without GS, was conducted. Genetic expressions of HMOX-1 and BLVRA were measured. Additionally participants were genotyped for those polymorphisms that are known (UGT1A1*28) or likely (HMOX-1 microsatellites) to impact bilirubinemia. Intracellular interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα), circulatory C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hpt) were analysed as inflammatory markers. To assess intracellular heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) isolated PBMCs were used. In GS vs. C, inflammation markers were significantly decreased. This was supported by an altered heme catabolism, indirectly reflecting in elevated unconjugated bilirubin (UCB; main phenotypic feature of GS) and iron, decreased hemopexin (Hpx) and Hpt and in up-regulated biliverdin reductase (BLVRA) gene expressions. Moreover, HMOX (GT)n short alleles were non-significantly more prominent in female GS individuals. Herewith, we propose a concept to elucidate why GS individuals encounter lower inflammation, and are thus less prone to oxidative-stress mediated diseases.
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Motterlini R, Foresti R. Biological signaling by carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide-releasing molecules. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C302-C313. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is continuously produced in mammalian cells during the degradation of heme. It is a stable gaseous molecule that reacts selectively with transition metals in a specific redox state, and these characteristics restrict the interaction of CO with defined biological targets that transduce its signaling activity. Because of the high affinity of CO for ferrous heme, these targets can be grouped into heme-containing proteins, representing a large variety of sensors and enzymes with a series of diverse function in the cell and the organism. Despite this notion, progress in identifying which of these targets are selective for CO has been slow and even the significance of elevated carbonmonoxy hemoglobin, a classical marker used to diagnose CO poisoning, is not well understood. This is also due to the lack of technologies capable of assessing in a comprehensive fashion the distribution and local levels of CO between the blood circulation, the tissue, and the mitochondria, one of the cellular compartments where CO exerts its signaling or detrimental effects. Nevertheless, the use of CO gas and CO-releasing molecules as pharmacological approaches in models of disease has provided new important information about the signaling properties of CO. In this review we will analyze the most salient effects of CO in biology and discuss how the binding of CO with key ferrous hemoproteins serves as a posttranslational modification that regulates important processes as diverse as aerobic metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm U955, Team 12, Créteil, France; and Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm U955, Team 12, Créteil, France; and Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
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45
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Increased iron export by ferroportin induces restriction of HIV-1 infection in sickle cell disease. Blood Adv 2016; 1:170-183. [PMID: 28203649 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The low incidence of HIV-1 infection in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and inhibition of HIV-1 replication in vitro under the conditions of low intracellular iron or heme treatment suggests a potential restriction of HIV-1 infection in SCD. We investigated HIV-1 ex vivo infection of SCD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and found that HIV-1 replication was inhibited at the level of reverse transcription (RT) and transcription. We observed increased expression of heme and iron-regulated genes, previously shown to inhibit HIV-1, including ferroportin, IKBα, HO-1, p21, and SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1). HIV-1 inhibition was less pronounced in hepcidin-treated SCD PBMCs and more pronounced in the iron or iron chelators treated, suggesting a key role of iron metabolism. In SCD PBMCs, labile iron levels were reduced and protein levels of ferroportin, HIF-1α, IKBα, and HO-1 were increased. Hemin treatment induced ferroportin expression and inhibited HIV-1 in THP-1 cells, mimicking the HIV-1 inhibition in SCD PBMCs, especially as hepcidin similarly prevented HIV-1 inhibition. In THP-1 cells with knocked down ferroportin, IKBα, or HO-1 genes but not HIF-1α or p21, HIV-1 was not inhibited by hemin. Activity of SAMHD1-regulatory CDK2 was decreased, and SAMHD1 phosphorylation was reduced in SCD PBMCs and hemin-treated THP-1 cells, suggesting SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction in SCD. Our findings point to ferroportin as a trigger of HIV-1 restriction in SCD settings, linking reduced intracellular iron levels to the inhibition of CDK2 activity, reduction of SAMHD1 phosphorylation, increased IKBα expression, and inhibition of HIV-1 RT and transcription.
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Heeba GH, Hamza AA, Hassanin SO. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 with hemin alleviates cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats and enhances its cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cell line. Toxicol Lett 2016; 264:38-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Riquelme SA, Carreño LJ, Espinoza JA, Mackern-Oberti JP, Alvarez-Lobos MM, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Modulation of antigen processing by haem-oxygenase 1. Implications on inflammation and tolerance. Immunology 2016; 149:1-12. [PMID: 26938875 PMCID: PMC4981612 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haem-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of haem that can suppress inflammation, through the production of carbon monoxide (CO). It has been shown in several experimental models that genetic and pharmacological induction of HO-1, as well as non-toxic administration of CO, can reduce inflammatory diseases, such as endotoxic shock, type 1 diabetes and graft rejection. Recently, it was shown that the HO-1/CO system can alter the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and reduce T-cell priming, which can be beneficial during immune-driven inflammatory diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which the HO-1 and CO reduce both APC- and T-cell-driven immunity are just beginning to be elucidated. In this article we discuss recent findings related to the immune regulatory capacity of HO-1 and CO at the level of recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and T-cell priming by APCs. Finally, we propose a possible regulatory role for HO-1 and CO over the recently described mitochondria-dependent immunity. These concepts could contribute to the design of new therapeutic tools for inflammation-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A Riquelme
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Janyra A Espinoza
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Institute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), Science and Technology Center (CCT) of Mendoza, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Manuel M Alvarez-Lobos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM, UMR 1064, CHU Nantes, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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48
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Wagener FADTG, Immenschuh S. Editorial: Molecular Mechanisms Protecting against Tissue Injury. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:272. [PMID: 27621704 PMCID: PMC5002404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
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Kitaoka M, Wakabayashi R, Kamiya N, Goto M. Solid-in-oil nanodispersions for transdermal drug delivery systems. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1375-1385. [PMID: 27529824 PMCID: PMC5132072 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal administration of drugs has advantages over conventional oral administration or administration using injection equipment. The route of administration reduces the opportunity for drug evacuation before systemic circulation, and enables long-lasting drug administration at a modest body concentration. In addition, the skin is an attractive route for vaccination, because there are many immune cells in the skin. Recently, solid-in-oil nanodisperison (S/O) technique has demonstrated to deliver cosmetic and pharmaceutical bioactives efficiently through the skin. S/O nanodispersions are nanosized drug carriers designed to overcome the skin barrier. This review discusses the rationale for preparation of efficient and stable S/O nanodispersions, as well as application examples in cosmetic and pharmaceutical materials including vaccines. Drug administration using a patch is user-friendly, and may improve patient compliance. The technique is a potent transcutaneous immunization method without needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kitaoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Transdermal Drug Delivery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Transdermal Drug Delivery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Transdermal Drug Delivery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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50
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van Vulpen LFD, Mastbergen SC, Schutgens REG. First preclinical support for the ‘danger theory’ in inhibitor development. Haemophilia 2016; 22:654-6. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. F. D. van Vulpen
- Van Creveldkliniek; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - S. C. Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - R. E. G. Schutgens
- Van Creveldkliniek; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
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