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Yu M, Feng Y, Yan J, Zhang X, Tian Z, Wang T, Wang J, Shen W. Transcriptomic regulatory analysis of skeletal muscle development in landrace pigs. Gene 2024; 915:148407. [PMID: 38531491 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of pig skeletal muscle is a complex dynamic regulation process, which mainly includes the formation of primary and secondary muscle fibers, the remodeling of muscle fibers, and the maturation of skeletal muscle; However, the regulatory mechanism of the entire developmental process remains unclear. This study analyzed the whole-transcriptome data of skeletal muscles at 27 developmental nodes (E33-D180) in Landrace pigs, and their key regulatory factors in the development process were identified using the bioinformatics method. Firstly, we constructed a transcriptome expression map of skeletal muscle development from embryo to adulthood in Landrace pig. Subsequently, due to drastic change in gene expression, the perinatal periods including E105, D0 and D9, were focused, and the genes related to the process of muscle fiber remodeling and volume expansion were revealed. Then, though conjoint analysis with miRNA and lncRNA transcripts, a ceRNA network were identified, which consist of 11 key regulatory genes (such as CHAC1, RTN4IP1 and SESN1), 7 miRNAs and 43 lncRNAs, and they potentially play an important role in the process of muscle fiber differentiation, muscle fiber remodeling and volume expansion, intramuscular fat deposition, and other skeletal muscle developmental events. In summary, we reveal candidate genes and underlying molecular regulatory networks associated with perinatal skeletal muscle fiber type remodeling and expansion. These data provide new insights into the molecular regulation of mammalian skeletal muscle development and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yanqin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiamao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhe Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Liu S, Zhuo L, Chen L, He Y, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Ni Z, Zhao S, Hu X. E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF148 functions as an oncogene in colorectal cancer by ubiquitination-mediated degradation of CHAC2. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:247-261. [PMID: 38190483 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that RNF148 was involved in the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of CHAC2. However, its molecular mechanism was not determined. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of RNF148 in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in the process of ubiquitination-mediated degradation of CHAC2. Our results revealed that RNF148 was upregulated in most CRC tissues, and its expression significantly correlated with the 3-year overall survival rate and most clinicopathological parameters of CRC patients. Furthermore, RNF148 served as an independent prognostic biomarker of CRC and promoted CRC cell proliferation and migration while inhibiting cell apoptosis and sensitivity to 5-FU. Mechanistically, RNF148 used its protease-associated domain to bind to the CHAC domain of CHAC2 and target it for degradation. In addition, we identified two phosphorylation and three ubiquitination residues of CHAC2 and identified Y118 and K102 as the critical phosphorylation and ubiquitination residues, respectively. We also identified CHAC2's and RNF148's interacting proteins and discovered their potential interaction network. In conclusion, our current study unveiled the role of RNF148 in CRC and the mechanism of RNF148 in the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of CHAC2, which shed light on providing potential prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Lvjia Zhuo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Ziheng Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine of Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University and Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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Kim JH, Park C, Kim WS. Lysine demethylase LSD1 is associated with stemness in EBV-positive B cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6764. [PMID: 38514636 PMCID: PMC10957933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
EBV-infected lymphoma has a poor prognosis and various treatment strategies are being explored. Reports suggesting that B cell lymphoma can be induced by epigenetic regulation have piqued interest in studying mechanisms targeting epigenetic regulation. Here, we set out to identify an epigenetic regulator drug that acts synergistically with doxorubicin in EBV-positive lymphoma. We expressed the major EBV protein, LMP1, in B-cell lymphoma cell lines and used them to screen 100 epigenetic modifiers in combination with doxorubicin. The screening results identified TCP, which is an inhibitor of LSD1. Further analyses revealed that LMP1 increased the activity of LSD1 to enhance stemness ability under doxorubicin treatment, as evidenced by colony-forming and ALDEFLUOR activity assays. Quantseq 3' mRNA sequencing analysis of potential targets regulated by LSD1 in modulating stemness revealed that the LMP1-induced upregulation of CHAC2 was decreased when LSD1 was inhibited by TCP or downregulated by siRNA. We further observed that SOX2 expression was altered in response to CHAC2 expression, suggesting that stemness is regulated. Collectively, these findings suggest that LSD1 inhibitors could serve as promising therapeutic candidates for EBV-positive lymphoma, potentially reducing stemness activity when combined with conventional drugs to offer an effective treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Chaehwa Park
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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Juárez-Barber E, Corachán A, Carbajo-García MC, Faus A, Vidal C, Giles J, Pellicer A, Cervelló I, Ferrero H. Transcriptome analysis of adenomyosis eutopic endometrium reveals molecular mechanisms involved in adenomyosis-related implantation failure and pregnancy disorders. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:10. [PMID: 38195505 PMCID: PMC10775471 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with adenomyosis are characterized by having defective decidualization, impaired endometrial receptivity and/or embryo-maternal communication, and implantation failure. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adenomyosis-related infertility remain unknown, mainly because of the restricted accessibility and the difficult preservation of endometrial tissue in vitro. We have recently shown that adenomyosis patient-derived endometrial organoids, maintain disease-specific features while differentiated into mid-secretory and gestational endometrial phase, overcoming these research barriers and providing a robust platform to study adenomyosis pathogenesis and the associated molecular dysregulation related to implantation and pregnancy disorders. For this reason, we aim to characterize the dysregulated mechanisms in the mid-secretory and gestational endometrium of patients with adenomyosis by RNA-sequencing. METHODS Endometrial organoids were derived from endometrial biopsies collected in the proliferative phase of women with adenomyosis (ADENO) or healthy oocyte donors (CONTROL) (n = 15/group) and differentiated into mid-secretory (-SECorg) and gestational (-GESTorg) phases in vitro. Following RNA-sequencing, the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (FDR < 0.05) were identified and selected for subsequent functional enrichment analysis and QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Statistical differences in gene expression were evaluated with the Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test. RESULTS We identified 1,430 DEGs in ADENO-SECorg and 1,999 DEGs in ADENO-GESTorg. In ADENO-SECorg, upregulated genes included OLFM1, FXYD5, and RUNX2, which are involved in impaired endometrial receptivity and implantation failure, while downregulated genes included RRM2, SOSTDC1, and CHAC2 implicated in recurrent implantation failure. In ADENO-GESTorg, upregulated CXCL14 and CYP24A1 and downregulated PGR were related to pregnancy loss. IPA predicted a significant inhibition of ID1 signaling, histamine degradation, and activation of HMGB1 and Senescence pathways, which are related to implantation failure. Alternatively, IPA predicted an inhibition of D-myo-inositol biosynthesis and VEGF signaling, and upregulation of Rho pathway, which are related to pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS Identifying dysregulated molecular mechanisms in mid-secretory and gestational endometrium of adenomyosis women contributes to the understanding of adenomyosis-related implantation failure and/or pregnancy disorders revealing potential therapeutic targets. Following experimental validation of our transcriptomic and in silico findings, our differentiated adenomyosis patient-derived organoids have the potential to provide a reliable platform for drug discovery, development, and personalized drug screening for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Juárez-Barber
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Ana Corachán
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - María Cristina Carbajo-García
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Amparo Faus
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | | | - Juan Giles
- IVI-RMA Valencia, Valencia, 46015, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
- IVI-RMA Rome, Rome, 00197, Italy
| | - Irene Cervelló
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain
| | - Hortensia Ferrero
- Fundación IVI, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, 46026, Spain.
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5
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Ikeda Y, Fujii J. The Emerging Roles of γ-Glutamyl Peptides Produced by γ-Glutamyltransferase and the Glutathione Synthesis System. Cells 2023; 12:2831. [PMID: 38132151 PMCID: PMC10741565 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L-γ-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine is commonly referred to as glutathione (GSH); this ubiquitous thiol plays essential roles in animal life. Conjugation and electron donation to enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are prominent functions of GSH. Cellular glutathione balance is robustly maintained via regulated synthesis, which is catalyzed via the coordination of γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and glutathione synthetase, as well as by reductive recycling by glutathione reductase. A prevailing short supply of L-cysteine (Cys) tends to limit glutathione synthesis, which leads to the production of various other γ-glutamyl peptides due to the unique enzymatic properties of γ-GCS. Extracellular degradation of glutathione by γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a dominant source of Cys for some cells. GGT catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of the γ-glutamyl group of glutathione or transfers it to amino acids or to dipeptides outside cells. Such processes depend on an abundance of acceptor substrates. However, the physiological roles of extracellularly preserved γ-glutamyl peptides have long been unclear. The identification of γ-glutamyl peptides, such as glutathione, as allosteric modulators of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) could provide insights into the significance of the preservation of γ-glutamyl peptides. It is conceivable that GGT could generate a new class of intercellular messaging molecules in response to extracellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata City 990-9585, Japan
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Afrin W, Yamada N, Furuya S, Yamamoto K. Characterization of glutathione-specific gamma glutamyl cyclotransferase (ChaC) in Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22027. [PMID: 37283485 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) contributes to redox maintenance and detoxification of various xenobiotic and endogenous substances. γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase (ChaC) is involved in GSH degradation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying GSH degradation in silkworms (Bombyx mori) remains unknown. Silkworms are lepidopteran insects that are considered to be an agricultural pest model. We aimed to examine the metabolic mechanism underlying GSH degradation mediated by B. mori ChaC and successfully identified a novel ChaC gene in silkworms (herein, bmChaC). The amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree revealed that bmChaC was closely related to mammalian ChaC2. We overexpressed recombinant bmChaC in Escherichia coli, and the purified bmChaC showed specific activity toward GSH. Additionally, we examined the degradation of GSH to 5-oxoproline and cysteinyl glycine via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that bmChaC mRNA expression was observed in various tissues. Our results suggest that bmChaC participates in tissue protection via GSH homeostasis. This study provides new insights into the activities of ChaC and the underlying molecular mechanisms that can aid the development of insecticides to control agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazifa Afrin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naotaka Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Saini P, Anugula S, Fong YW. The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins in Stem Cell Pluripotency. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1868. [PMID: 37509507 PMCID: PMC10377311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are highly proliferative cells that can self-renew indefinitely in vitro. Upon receiving appropriate signals, PSCs undergo differentiation and can generate every cell type in the body. These unique properties of PSCs require specific gene expression patterns that define stem cell identity and dynamic regulation of intracellular metabolism to support cell growth and cell fate transitions. PSCs are prone to DNA damage due to elevated replicative and transcriptional stress. Therefore, mechanisms to prevent deleterious mutations in PSCs that compromise stem cell function or increase the risk of tumor formation from becoming amplified and propagated to progenitor cells are essential for embryonic development and for using PSCs including induced PSCs (iPSCs) as a cell source for regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily in maintaining PSC homeostasis, and propose how their activities can influence cellular signaling and stem cell fate decisions. Finally, we highlight recent discoveries that not all ABC family members perform only canonical metabolite and peptide transport functions in PSCs; rather, they can participate in diverse cellular processes from genome surveillance to gene transcription and mRNA translation, which are likely to maintain the pristine state of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Saini
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sharath Anugula
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yick W. Fong
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Ito T, Ohkama-Ohtsu N. Degradation of glutathione and glutathione conjugates in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3313-3327. [PMID: 36651789 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous, abundant, and indispensable thiol for plants that participates in various biological processes, such as scavenging reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, storage and transport of sulfur, detoxification of harmful substances, and metabolism of several compounds. Therefore knowledge of GSH metabolism is essential for plant science. Nevertheless, GSH degradation has been insufficiently elucidated, and this has hampered our understanding of plant life. Over the last five decades, the γ-glutamyl cycle has been dominant in GSH studies, and the exoenzyme γ-glutamyl transpeptidase has been regarded as the major GSH degradation enzyme. However, recent studies have shown that GSH is degraded in cells by cytosolic enzymes such as γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase or γ-glutamyl peptidase. Meanwhile, a portion of GSH is degraded after conjugation with other molecules, which has also been found to be carried out by vacuolar γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, γ-glutamyl peptidase, or phytochelatin synthase. These findings highlight the need to re-assess previous assumptions concerning the γ-glutamyl cycle, and a novel overview of the plant GSH degradation pathway is essential. This review aims to build a foundation for future studies by summarizing current understanding of GSH/glutathione conjugate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Ito
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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9
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Fujii J, Osaki T, Soma Y, Matsuda Y. Critical Roles of the Cysteine-Glutathione Axis in the Production of γ-Glutamyl Peptides in the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098044. [PMID: 37175751 PMCID: PMC10179188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl moiety that is attached to the cysteine (Cys) residue in glutathione (GSH) protects it from peptidase-mediated degradation. The sulfhydryl group of the Cys residue represents most of the functions of GSH, which include electron donation to peroxidases, protection of reactive sulfhydryl in proteins via glutaredoxin, and glutathione conjugation of xenobiotics, whereas Cys-derived sulfur is also a pivotal component of some redox-responsive molecules. The amount of Cys that is available tends to restrict the capacity of GSH synthesis. In in vitro systems, cystine is the major form in the extracellular milieu, and a specific cystine transporter, xCT, is essential for survival in most lines of cells and in many primary cultivated cells as well. A reduction in the supply of Cys causes GPX4 to be inhibited due to insufficient GSH synthesis, which leads to iron-dependent necrotic cell death, ferroptosis. Cells generally cannot take up GSH without the removal of γ-glutamyl moiety by γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) on the cell surface. Meanwhile, the Cys-GSH axis is essentially common to certain types of cells; primarily, neuronal cells that contain a unique metabolic system for intercellular communication concerning γ-glutamyl peptides. After a general description of metabolic processes concerning the Cys-GSH axis, we provide an overview and discuss the significance of GSH-related compounds in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yuya Soma
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuda
- Graduate School of Nursing, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Kalkavan H, Chen MJ, Crawford JC, Quarato G, Fitzgerald P, Tait SWG, Goding CR, Green DR. Sublethal cytochrome c release generates drug-tolerant persister cells. Cell 2022; 185:3356-3374.e22. [PMID: 36055199 PMCID: PMC9450215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-tolerant persister cells (persisters) evade apoptosis upon targeted and conventional cancer therapies and represent a major non-genetic barrier to effective cancer treatment. Here, we show that cells that survive treatment with pro-apoptotic BH3 mimetics display a persister phenotype that includes colonization and metastasis in vivo and increased sensitivity toward ferroptosis by GPX4 inhibition. We found that sublethal mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and holocytochrome c release are key requirements for the generation of the persister phenotype. The generation of persisters is independent of apoptosome formation and caspase activation, but instead, cytosolic cytochrome c induces the activation of heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) kinase and engagement of the integrated stress response (ISR) with the consequent synthesis of ATF4, all of which are required for the persister phenotype. Our results reveal that sublethal cytochrome c release couples sublethal MOMP to caspase-independent initiation of an ATF4-dependent, drug-tolerant persister phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Kalkavan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mark J Chen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeremy C Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Giovanni Quarato
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Patrick Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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11
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Zhai X, Dai T, Chi Z, Zhao Z, Wu G, Yang S, Dong D. Naringin alleviates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by activating Nrf2 via CHAC2 upregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1332-1342. [PMID: 35179299 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatic damage is the second most common cause for hepatic transplantation. Clinically, hepatic damage caused by APAP is treated using N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which can induce numerous side effects. Naringin, a bioflavonoid abundant in grapefruit and other citrus fruits, displays marked antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism underlying naringin-mediated protection against APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity. We observed that naringin afforded protection against APAP-induced acute liver failure in mice. Importantly, pretreatment with naringin before APAP administration further increased antioxidant enzyme expression, inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and activated apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, we observed that the protective effect was associated with the upregulation of cation transport regulator-like protein 2 (CHAC2) and nuclear factor erythroid derived-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Notably, CHAC2 knockdown inhibited Nrf2 activation and naringin-mediated antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects in APAP-induced liver injury. Likewise, si-Nrf2 blocked the protective effect of naringin against APAP-induced liver injury. Collectively, our results indicate that naringin may be a potent CHAC2 activator, alleviating APAP-induced hepatitis via CHAC2-mediated activation of the Nrf2 pathway. These data provide new insights into mechanisms through which CHAC2 regulates APAP-induced liver injury by targeting Nrf2, which should be considered a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tiantian Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongchao Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zirui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gaolei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian, China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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12
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Mennen RH, Oldenburger MM, Piersma AH. Endoderm and mesoderm derivatives in embryonic stem cell differentiation and their use in developmental toxicity testing. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 107:44-59. [PMID: 34861400 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell differentiation models have increasingly been applied in non-animal test systems for developmental toxicity. After the initial focus on cardiac differentiation, attention has also included an array of neuro-ectodermal differentiation routes. Alternative differentiation routes in the mesodermal and endodermal germ lines have received less attention. This review provides an inventory of achievements in the latter areas of embryonic stem cell differentiation, with a view to possibilities for their use in non-animal test systems in developmental toxicology. This includes murine and human stem cell differentiation models, and also gains information from the field of stem cell use in regenerative medicine. Endodermal stem cell derivatives produced in vitro include hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, lung epithelium, and intestinal epithelium, and mesodermal derivatives include cardiac muscle, osteogenic, vascular and hemopoietic cells. This inventory provides an overview of studies on the different cell types together with biomarkers and culture conditions that stimulate these differentiation routes from embryonic stem cells. These models may be used to expand the spectrum of embryonic stem cell based new approach methodologies in non-animal developmental toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Mennen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - A H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Boocock J, Leask M, Okada Y, Matsuo H, Kawamura Y, Shi Y, Li C, Mount DB, Mandal AK, Wang W, Cadzow M, Gosling AL, Major TJ, Horsfield JA, Choi HK, Fadason T, O'Sullivan J, Stahl EA, Merriman TR. Genomic dissection of 43 serum urate-associated loci provides multiple insights into molecular mechanisms of urate control. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:923-943. [PMID: 31985003 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High serum urate is a prerequisite for gout and associated with metabolic disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported dozens of loci associated with serum urate control; however, there has been little progress in understanding the molecular basis of the associated loci. Here, we employed trans-ancestral meta-analysis using data from European and East Asian populations to identify 10 new loci for serum urate levels. Genome-wide colocalization with cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) identified a further five new candidate loci. By cis- and trans-eQTL colocalization analysis, we identified 34 and 20 genes, respectively, where the causal eQTL variant has a high likelihood that it is shared with the serum urate-associated locus. One new locus identified was SLC22A9 that encodes organic anion transporter 7 (OAT7). We demonstrate that OAT7 is a very weak urate-butyrate exchanger. Newly implicated genes identified in the eQTL analysis include those encoding proteins that make up the dystrophin complex, a scaffold for signaling proteins and transporters at the cell membrane; MLXIP that, with the previously identified MLXIPL, is a transcription factor that may regulate serum urate via the pentose-phosphate pathway and MRPS7 and IDH2 that encode proteins necessary for mitochondrial function. Functional fine mapping identified six loci (RREB1, INHBC, HLF, UBE2Q2, SFMBT1 and HNF4G) with colocalized eQTL containing putative causal SNPs. This systematic analysis of serum urate GWAS loci identified candidate causal genes at 24 loci and a network of previously unidentified genes likely involved in control of serum urate levels, further illuminating the molecular mechanisms of urate control.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Boocock
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan Leask
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiaric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - David B Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.,Renal Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Asim K Mandal
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murray Cadzow
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna L Gosling
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tanya J Major
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julia A Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tayaza Fadason
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Eli A Stahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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14
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Transcriptome analysis of MBD5-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (MAND) neural progenitor cells reveals dysregulation of autism-associated genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11295. [PMID: 34050248 PMCID: PMC8163803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MBD5-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (MAND) is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characterized by intellectual disability, motor delay, speech impairment and behavioral problems; however, the biological role of methyl-CpG-binding domain 5, MBD5, in neurodevelopment and ASD remains largely undefined. Hence, we created neural progenitor cells (NPC) derived from individuals with chromosome 2q23.1 deletion and conducted RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the biological processes and pathways altered in MAND. Primary skin fibroblasts from three unrelated individuals with MAND and four unrelated controls were converted into induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, followed by directed differentiation of iPSC to NPC. Transcriptome analysis of MAND NPC revealed 468 DEGs (q < 0.05), including 20 ASD-associated genes. Comparison of DEGs in MAND with SFARI syndromic autism genes revealed a striking significant overlap in biological processes commonly altered in neurodevelopmental phenotypes, with TGFβ, Hippo signaling, DNA replication, and cell cycle among the top enriched pathways. Overall, these transcriptome deviations provide potential connections to the overlapping neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes associated with key high-risk ASD genes, including chromatin modifiers and epigenetic modulators, that play significant roles in these disease states.
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15
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Zuo S, Yu J, Pan H, Lu L. Novel insights on targeting ferroptosis in cancer therapy. Biomark Res 2020; 8:50. [PMID: 33024562 PMCID: PMC7532638 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis belongs to a novel form of regulated cell death. It is characterized by iron dependence, destruction of intracellular redox balance and non-apoptosis. And cellular structure and molecules level changes also occur abnormally during ferroptosis. It has been proved that ferroptosis exist widespreadly in many diseases, such as heart disease, brain damage or alzheimer disease. At the same time, the role of ferroptosis in cancer cannot be underestimated. More and more indications have told that ferroptosis is becoming a powerful weapon against cancer. In addition, therapies rely on ferroptosis have been applied to the clinic. Therefore, it is necessary to understand this newly discovered form of cell death and its connection with cancer. This review summarizes the mechanism of ferroptosis, ferroptosis inducers based on different targets and inspection methods. At last, we analyzed the relationship between ferroptosis and malignancies, in order to provide a novel theory basis for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipeng Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 12, Lane 833, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 12, Lane 833, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001 P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 12, Lane 833, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001 P. R. China
| | - Linna Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 12, Lane 833, Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200001 P. R. China
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16
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Cheng CL, Yang SC, Lai CY, Wang CK, Chang CF, Lin CY, Chen WJ, Lin PY, Wu HC, Ma N, Lu FL, Lu J. CXCL14 Maintains hESC Self-Renewal through Binding to IGF-1R and Activation of the IGF-1R Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071706. [PMID: 32708730 PMCID: PMC7407311 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have important roles in regenerative medicine, but only a few studies have investigated the cytokines secreted by hESCs. We screened and identified chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (CXCL14), which plays crucial roles in hESC renewal. CXCL14, a C-X-C motif chemokine, is also named as breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK), B cell and monocyte-activated chemokine (BMAC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2γ (MIP-2γ). Knockdown of CXCL14 disrupted the hESC self-renewal, changed cell cycle distribution, and further increased the expression levels of mesoderm and endoderm differentiated markers. Interestingly, we demonstrated that CXCL14 is the ligand for the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and it can activate IGF-1R signal transduction to support hESC renewal. Currently published literature indicates that all receptors in the CXCL family are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This report is the first to demonstrate that a CXCL protein can bind to and activate a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), and also the first to show that IGF-1R has another ligand in addition to IGFs. These findings broaden our understanding of stem cell biology and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Shang-Chih Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Wei-Ju Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Nianhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan;
| | - Frank Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, and National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.L.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jean Lu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (H.-C.W.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-C.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-K.W.); (C.-F.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (W.-J.C.); (P.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Core Facility Program for Biotechnology, National RNAi Platform, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.L.L.); (J.L.)
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17
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Ramsey KM, Ledvina HE, Tresko TM, Wandzilak JM, Tower CA, Tallo T, Schramm CE, Peterson SB, Skerrett SJ, Mougous JD, Dove SL. Tn-Seq reveals hidden complexity in the utilization of host-derived glutathione in Francisella tularensis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008566. [PMID: 32492066 PMCID: PMC7340319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-derived glutathione (GSH) is an essential source of cysteine for the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis. In a comprehensive transposon insertion sequencing screen, we identified several F. tularensis genes that play central and previously unappreciated roles in the utilization of GSH during the growth of the bacterium in macrophages. We show that one of these, a gene we named dptA, encodes a proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter that enables growth of the organism on the dipeptide Cys-Gly, a key breakdown product of GSH generated by the enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Although GGT was thought to be the principal enzyme involved in GSH breakdown in F. tularensis, our screen identified a second enzyme, referred to as ChaC, that is also involved in the utilization of exogenous GSH. However, unlike GGT and DptA, we show that the importance of ChaC in supporting intramacrophage growth extends beyond cysteine acquisition. Taken together, our findings provide a compendium of F. tularensis genes required for intracellular growth and identify new players in the metabolism of GSH that could be attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Ramsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Hannah E. Ledvina
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tenayaann M. Tresko
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jamie M. Wandzilak
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Tower
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas Tallo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Caroline E. Schramm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - S. Brook Peterson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shawn J. Skerrett
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Mougous
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Simon L. Dove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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18
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Han Z, Xu Z, Chen L, Ye D, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Djibril B, Guo X, Gao X, Zhang W, Yu M, Liu S, Yan G, Jin M, Huang Q, Wang X, Hua B, Feng C, Yang F, Ma W, Liu Y. Iron overload inhibits self-renewal of human pluripotent stem cells via DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:726-733. [PMID: 32053740 PMCID: PMC7193162 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload affects the cell cycle of various cell types, but the effect of iron overload on human pluripotent stem cells has not yet been reported. Here, we show that the proliferation capacities of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were significantly inhibited by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, deferoxamine protected hESCs/hiPSCs against FAC‐induced cell‐cycle arrest. However, iron overload did not affect pluripotency in hESCs/hiPSCs. Further, treatment of hiPSCs with FAC resulted in excess reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage. Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the role of iron homeostasis in the maintenance of self‐renewal in human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Beijing Ruihua Heart Rehabilitation Research Center, China
| | - Danyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bamba Djibril
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinlu Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meixi Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shenzhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gege Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingjie Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
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19
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Nguyen YTK, Park JS, Jang JY, Kim KR, Vo TTL, Kim KW, Han BW. Structural and Functional Analyses of Human ChaC2 in Glutathione Metabolism. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010031. [PMID: 31878259 PMCID: PMC7022552 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) degradation plays an essential role in GSH homeostasis, which regulates cell survival, especially in cancer cells. Among human GSH degradation enzymes, the ChaC2 enzyme acts on GSH to form 5-l-oxoproline and Cys-Gly specifically in the cytosol. Here, we report the crystal structures of ChaC2 in two different conformations and compare the structural features with other known γ-glutamylcyclotransferase enzymes. The unique flexible loop of ChaC2 seems to function as a gate to achieve specificity for GSH binding and regulate the constant GSH degradation rate. Structural and biochemical analyses of ChaC2 revealed that Glu74 and Glu83 play crucial roles in directing the conformation of the enzyme and in modulating the enzyme activity. Based on a docking study of GSH to ChaC2 and binding assays, we propose a substrate-binding mode and catalytic mechanism. We also found that overexpression of ChaC2, but not mutants that inhibit activity of ChaC2, significantly promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, suggesting that the GSH degradation by ChaC2 affects the growth of breast cancer cells. Our structural and functional analyses of ChaC2 will contribute to the development of inhibitors for the ChaC family, which could effectively regulate the progression of GSH degradation-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T. K. Nguyen
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.T.K.N.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.J.); (K.R.K.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Joon Sung Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.T.K.N.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.J.); (K.R.K.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Jun Young Jang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.T.K.N.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.J.); (K.R.K.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Kyung Rok Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.T.K.N.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.J.); (K.R.K.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Tam T. L. Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.T.K.N.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.J.); (K.R.K.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Byung Woo Han
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.T.K.N.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.J.); (K.R.K.); (K.-W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-8807898
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20
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Liao N, Shi Y, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhao B, Zeng Y, Liu X, Liu J. Antioxidants inhibit cell senescence and preserve stemness of adipose tissue-derived stem cells by reducing ROS generation during long-term in vitro expansion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:306. [PMID: 31623678 PMCID: PMC6798439 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative medicine. However, long-term in vitro passaging leads to stemness loss and cell senescence of ADSCs, resulting in failure of ADSC-based therapy. METHODS In this study, ADSCs were treated with low dose of antioxidants (reduced glutathione and melatonin) with anti-aging and stem cell protection properties in the in vitro passaging, and the cell functions including stem cell senescence, cell migration, cell multidirectional differentiation potential, and ROS content were carefully analyzed. RESULTS We found that GSH and melatonin could maintain ADSC cell functions through reducing cell senescence and promoting cell migration, as well as by preserving stemness and multidirectional differentiation potential, through inhibiting ROS generation during long-term expansion of ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that antioxidant treatment could efficiently prevent the dysfunction and preserve cell functions of ADSCs after long-term passaging, providing a practical strategy to facilitate ADSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naishun Liao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Shi
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Youshi Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China.,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China. .,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China. .,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China. .,Liver Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China. .,Mengchao Med-X Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, People's Republic of China. .,The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Combs JA, DeNicola GM. The Non-Essential Amino Acid Cysteine Becomes Essential for Tumor Proliferation and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050678. [PMID: 31100816 PMCID: PMC6562400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-essential amino acid cysteine is used within cells for multiple processes that rely on the chemistry of its thiol group. Under physiological conditions, many non-transformed tissues rely on glutathione, circulating cysteine, and the de novo cysteine synthesis (transsulfuration) pathway as sources of intracellular cysteine to support cellular processes. In contrast, many cancers require exogeneous cystine for proliferation and viability. Herein, we review how the cystine transporter, xCT, and exogenous cystine fuel cancer cell proliferation and the mechanisms that regulate xCT expression and activity. Further, we discuss the potential contribution of additional sources of cysteine to the cysteine pool and what is known about the essentiality of these processes in cancer cells. Finally, we discuss whether cyst(e)ine dependency and associated metabolic alterations represent therapeutically targetable metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Combs
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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22
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Wang C, Zheng W, Yao D, Chen Q, Zhu L, Zhang J, Pan Y, Zhang J, Shao C. Upregulation of DNA Metabolism-Related Genes Contributes to Radioresistance of Glioblastoma. HUM GENE THER CL DEV 2019; 30:74-87. [PMID: 30746964 DOI: 10.1089/humc.2018.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most prevalent brain tumor and exhibit poor prognosis. Radiotherapy is an important strategy for GBMs patients; however, this care remains palliative because of GBMs' radioresistance. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), as a subpopulation residing at the apex of the hierarchy, have been believed to be a pivotal population in radioresistance and recurrence of GBMs. To know the key genes involved in radioresistance of GSCs, the gene expression profiles of GSE54660 and GSE60921 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus for genetic and transcriptomic analysis to identify the potential biomarker genes differentially expressed between GSCs and GBMs. These candidate genes were then filtered by the GSCs gene profile responding to radiation and the radioresistant biomarker genes including DNAJC9, GINS2, STAT1, CHAC2, MT1M, and ZNF226 were screened. The differentially expressed genes in GSCs post-irradiation were submitted to Gene Ontology (GO) for further enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. A significant module correlated with GINS2 was finally chosen and a series of genes participating in DNA metabolism were identified. In conclusion, this study propounds a set of novel genes that are differentially expressed in the radioresistant subpopulation within GBMs and could serve as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zheng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Shao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Yu J, Lu W, Ge T, Huang R, Chen B, Ye M, Bai Y, Shi G, Songyang Z, Ma W, Huang J. Interaction Between Sympk and Oct4 Promotes Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Proliferation. Stem Cells 2019; 37:743-753. [PMID: 30801858 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The scaffold protein Symplekin (Sympk) is involved in cytoplasmic RNA polyadenylation, transcriptional modulation, and the regulation of epithelial differentiation and proliferation via tight junctions. It is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), in which its role remains unknown. In this study, we found Sympk overexpression in mouse ESCs significantly increased colony formation, and Sympk deletion via CRISPR/Cas9 decreased colony formation. Sympk promoted ESC growth and its overexpression sustained ESC pluripotency, as assessed by teratoma and chimeric mouse formation. Genomic stability was preserved in these cells after long-term passage. The domain of unknown function 3453 (DUF3453) in Sympk was required for its interaction with the key pluripotent factor Oct4, and its depletion led to impaired colony formation. Sympk activated proliferation-related genes and suppressed differentiation-related genes. Our results indicate that Sympk interacts with Oct4 to promote self-renewal and pluripotency in ESCs and preserves genome integrity; accordingly, it has potential value for stem cell therapies. Stem Cells 2019;37:743-753.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoman Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofu Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Songyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjiu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, School of Life Sciences and the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Guo Z, Zhou Y, Yang J, Shao X. Dendrobium candidum extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of liver cancer cells by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:371-379. [PMID: 30529770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendrobium candidum extract (DCE) has been reported to have anti-tumor property. However, the effect of DCE on liver cancer has not been well explored. This study was aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of DCE on liver cancer cells. METHODS The effect of DCE on liver cancer cells was analyzed by detecting cell viability by MTT assay, detecting colony formation ability by colony formation assay, determining apoptotic cell rate, cell cycle distribution, active caspase-3 positive cells, Ki-67 positive cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) by flow cytometry analysis, and analyzing changes of expressions of cell cycle-, apoptosis-, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins by Western blot. RESULTS DCE inhibited viability and promoted apoptosis of liver cancer cell lines SMMC-7721 and BEL-7404. DCE decreased colony formation, induced cell cycle arrest, and led to cell cycle-associated proteins' abnormal expressions in SMMC-7721 and BEL-7404 cells. DCE effectively suppressed viability and proliferation of primary liver cancer cells and also induced aberrant expressions of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins. After DCE treatment, ROS level was increased and MMP level was decreased. DCE inhibited β-catenin level in the nucleus and regulated downstream genes of β-catenin and further blocked Wnt/β-catenin pathway in SMMC-7721 and BEL-7404 cells as well as primary liver cancer cells. CONCLUSION DCE suppressed liver cancer SMMC-7721 and BEL-7404 cells as well as primary liver cancer cells likely though activating mitochondria apoptosis pathway and inducing inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbing Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, China
| | - Yanmei Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, China
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, China.
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25
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He Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Li Y, Diao L, Lu L, Yao J, Liu Z, Li D, He F. Revealing the metabolic characteristics of human embryonic stem cells by genome-scale metabolic modeling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3670-3682. [PMID: 30223296 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are characterized by a dual capacity, self-renewal and pluripotency, which can be regulated by metabolism. A better understanding of ESC metabolism and regulatory mechanisms is pivotal for research into development, ageing, and cancer treatment. However, a systematic and comprehensive delineation of human ESC metabolism is still lacking. Here, we reconstructed the first genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of human ESCs (hESCs). By GEM simulation and analyses, hESC global metabolic characteristics including essential metabolites and network motifs were identified. Potential metabolic subsystems responsible for self-renewal and pluripotency were also identified by analyses and experiments. This first GEM of hESCs provides a novel view and resource for stem cell metabolism research and will contribute to the elucidation of their metabolic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhige He
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Lihong Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Jingwen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
| | - Fuchu He
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China
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