1
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Dubey Y, Mansuri S, Kanvah S. Detecting labile heme and ferroptosis through 'turn-on' fluorescence and lipid droplet localization post Fe 2+ sensing. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4962-4974. [PMID: 38687117 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Iron, a crucial biologically active ion essential for metabolic processes in living organisms, plays a vital role in biological functions, and imbalances in iron levels can lead to various diseases. In this study, we have developed two simple "turn-on" fluorescent probes, NOPy and NOCN, for the quick and selective detection of Fe2+ at nanomolar levels (LOD of 35 nM), accompanied by significant absorption and emission shifts, along with colorimetric demarcation. Both fluorophores exhibit an excellent "turn-on" emission response upon encountering Fe2+ in the cells. Flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence imaging studies demonstrate enhanced fluorescence signals in response to labile iron, efficiently detecting heme during erastin-induced ferroptosis. Interestingly, we also observed that the product formed after Fe2+ sensing localizes within the lipid droplets. These water-soluble and highly sensitive reactive probes, NOPy and NOCN, enable investigations of iron-dependent physiological and pathological conditions. The development of these probes represents an advancement in the field, offering a rapid and selective means for detecting Fe2+ with minimal cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382055, India.
| | - Shabnam Mansuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382055, India.
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382055, India.
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2
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Shi M, Kang M, Liu P, Zhou H, Pei M, Zhang G, Yang X. Thienopyrimidine-derived multifunctional fluorescence sensor for the detection of Cu 2+, Fe 3+, and PPi in different solvents. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4744. [PMID: 38682162 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrazine substituted thienopyrimidine, a new fluorophore, was used to synthesize a novel Schiff base R1 as a chemosensor via the condensation with p-formyltriphenylamine, and the structure was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. When treated with Cu2+ in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/H2O buffer, R1 showed a phenomenon of fluorescence quenching, which was reversible with the action of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). When treated with Fe3+ in dimethylformamide (DMF)/H2O buffer, R1 exhibited the same phenomenon, but fluorescence was recovered with inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) quantitatively. The complexation ratios for R1-Cu2+ and R1-Fe3+ were both 1:2, which were manifested by MS titrations and corresponding Job's plots. The limits of detection of R1 for Cu2+ and Fe3+ were 3.11 × 10-8 and 1.24 × 10-7 M, respectively. The sensing mechanism of R1 toward Cu2+ and Fe3+ was confirmed using density functional theory calculations and electrostatic potential analysis. Test strips of R1 were fabricated successfully for on-site detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+. In addition, R1 was applied to recognize Cu2+ and Fe3+ in actual water samples with satisfactory recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Mingyi Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Guangyou Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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3
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Liu D, Liu Z, Liao H, Chen ZS, Qin B. Ferroptosis as a potential therapeutic target for age-related macular degeneration. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103920. [PMID: 38369100 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cell death plays a crucial part in the process of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but its mechanisms remain elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a novel form of regulatory cell death characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Numerous studies have suggested that ferroptosis participates in the degradation of retinal cells and accelerates the progression of AMD. Furthermore, inhibitors of ferroptosis exhibit notable protective effects in AMD, underscoring the significance of ferroptosis as a pivotal mechanism in the death of retinal cells during the process of AMD. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in AMD, enumerate potential inhibitors and discuss the challenges and future opportunities associated with targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy, providing important information references and insights for the prevention and treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongcheng Liu
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziling Liu
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxia Liao
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA.
| | - Bo Qin
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Aier Ophthalmic Technology Institute, Shenzhen, China; Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Mi D, Yanatori I, Zheng H, Kong Y, Hirayama T, Toyokuni S. Association of poly( rC)-binding protein-2 with sideroflexin-3 through TOM20 as an iron entry pathway to mitochondria. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:261-275. [PMID: 38599240 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2340711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Iron is essential for all the lives and mitochondria integrate iron into heme and Fe-S clusters for diverse use as cofactors. Here, we screened mitochondrial proteins in KU812 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells by glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay with PCBP2 to identify mitochondrial receptors for PCBP2, a major cytosolic Fe(II) chaperone. LC-MS analyses identified TOM20, sideroflexin-3 (SFXN3), SFXN1 and TOM70 in the affinity-score sequence. Stimulated emission depletion microscopy and proteinase-K digestion of mitochondria in HeLa cells revealed that TOM20 is located in the outer membrane of mitochondria whereas SFXN3 is located in the inner membrane. Although direct association was not observed between PCBP2 and SFXN3 with co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay demonstrated proximal localization of PCBP2 with TOM20 and there was a direct binding between TOM20 and SFXN3. Single knockdown either of PCBP2 and SFXN3 in K562 leukemia cells significantly decreased mitochondrial catalytic Fe(II) and mitochondrial maximal respiration. SFXN3 but not MFRN1 knockout (KO) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts decreased FBXL5 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) but increased transferrin uptake and induced ferritin, indicating that mitochondrial iron entry through SFXN3 is distinct. MFRN1 KO revealed more intense mitochondrial Fe(II) deficiency than SFXN3 KO. Insufficient mitochondrial heme synthesis was evident under iron overload both with SFXN3 and MFRN KO, which was partially reversed by HO-1 inhibitor. Conversely, SFXN3 overexpression caused cytosolic iron deficiency with mitochondrial excess Fe(II), which further sensitized HeLa cells to RSL3-induced ferroptosis. In conclusion, we discovered a novel pathway of iron entry into mitochondria from cytosol through PCBP2-TOM20-SFXN3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Mi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Integrated Sciences of Low-temperature Plasma Core Research (iPlasma Core), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
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5
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Song Q, Jian W, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhao Y, Liu R, Zeng Y, Zhang F, Duan J. Puerarin Attenuates Iron Overload-Induced Ferroptosis in Retina through a Nrf2-Mediated Mechanism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300123. [PMID: 38196088 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Age-related increases in retinal iron are involved in the development of retinal degeneration. The recently discovered iron-dependent mechanism of cell death known as ferroptosis has been linked to a wide range of pathologies. However, its role in iron overload-induced retinal degeneration is still uncertain. Puerarin has been associated with retinal protection. The purpose of this research is to determine how puerarin prevents retinal ferroptosis under iron overload conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Models of iron overload in Kunming mice, 661W cell, and ARPE-19 cell are established. Increased iron deposition significantly worsens retinal pathology, decreases cell viability, and induces ferroptotic changes. Puerarin mitigates iron overload-induced ferroptosis by decreasing excessive iron through the regulation of iron handling proteins and lowering lipid peroxidation through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 expression and activation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and downstream ferroptosis-related proteins (solute carrier family 7 member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4 and heme oxygenase-1). The protective effect of puerarin on ferroptosis is diminished by the Nrf2-specific inhibitor ML385. CONCLUSION These findings suggest targeting ferroptosis may be a novel strategy for the management of retinal degeneration. Puerarin may exert some of its ocular benefits by attenuating ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongtao Song
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
| | - Wenyuan Jian
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, No.326 Xinshi South Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Fuwen Zhang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
| | - Junguo Duan
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, No.8 Xinghui Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610084, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, No.37 Twelve Bridge Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
- Guangzhou Ineye Vision Health Innovation Institute, No.2 Fenghuang 3rd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510555, China
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6
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Gonciarz RL, Jiang H, Tram L, Hugelshofer CL, Ekpenyong O, Knemeyer I, Aron AT, Chang CJ, Flygare JA, Collisson EA, Renslo AR. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of labile iron in xenograft models and liver using FeAL-1, an iron-activatable form of D-luciferin. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1468-1477.e6. [PMID: 37820725 PMCID: PMC10841594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated iron homeostasis underlies diverse pathologies, from ischemia-reperfusion injury to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug-tolerant "persister" cancer cell states. Here, we introduce ferrous iron-activatable luciferin-1 (FeAL-1), a small-molecule probe for bioluminescent imaging of the labile iron pool (LIP) in luciferase-expressing cells and animals. We find that FeAL-1 detects LIP fluctuations in cells after iron supplementation, depletion, or treatment with hepcidin, the master regulator of systemic iron in mammalian physiology. Utilizing FeAL-1 and a dual-luciferase reporter system, we quantify LIP in mouse liver and three different orthotopic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors. We observed up to a 10-fold increase in FeAL-1 bioluminescent signal in xenograft tumors as compared to healthy liver, the major organ of iron storage in mammals. Treating mice with hepcidin further elevated hepatic LIP, as predicted. These studies reveal a therapeutic index between tumoral and hepatic LIP and suggest an approach to sensitize tumors toward LIP-activated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Honglin Jiang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Linh Tram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cedric L Hugelshofer
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Oscar Ekpenyong
- ADME & Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ian Knemeyer
- ADME & Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John A Flygare
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Eric A Collisson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam R Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Recently developed molecular imaging approaches can be used to visualize specific host responses and pathology in a quest to image infections where few microbe-specific tracers have been developed and in recognition that host responses contribute to morbidity and mortality in their own right. Here we highlight several recent examples of these imaging approaches adapted for imaging infections. The early successes and new avenues described here encompass diverse imaging modalities and leverage diverse aspects of the host response to infection-including inflammation, tissue injury and healing, and key nutrients during host-pathogen interactions. Clearly, these approaches merit further preclinical and clinical study as they are complementary and orthogonal to the pathogen-focused imaging modalities currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Foss
- Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam R Renslo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Zheng H, Maeda Y, Katabuchi M, Motooka Y. Three-Dimensional Regulation of Ferroptosis at the Intersection of Iron, Sulfur, and Oxygen Executing Scrap and Build Toward Evolution. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:807-815. [PMID: 36401504 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Iron is an essential element for every life on earth as a primary media for electron flow. Sulfur compounds as sulfhydryls counteract catalytic activity of iron whereas sulfur overdose is also toxic. In aerobic organisms, oxygen is the major media for electron transfer with higher intracellular mobility, which cooperates with the iron system. Based on the importance of iron, there is no active pathway to excrete iron outside the body in higher species. Whereas bacterial infection causes a scramble for iron in situ, cancer can be the outcome of the side effects of long use of iron and oxygen. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis is a recently coined cell death, defined as catalytic Fe(II)-dependent regulated necrosis accompanied by lipid peroxidation. Researchers recently recognized that ferroptosis is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological contexts, including embryonic erythropoiesis, aging, neurodegeneration and cancer cell death. Alternatively, carcinogenesis is a process to obtain iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance, based on rodent animal studies. Critical Issues: Here we propose that ferroptosis is three-dimensionally regulated by iron, sulfur and oxygen, which correspond to oxidants, antioxidants and membrane fluidity with susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, respectively. Future Directions: Whereas life attempts to prevent ferroptosis, ferroptotic cells eventually emit iron-loaded ferritin as extracellular vesicles to maintain monopoly of iron. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 807-815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misako Katabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Surbek M, Sukseree S, Eckhart L. Iron Metabolism of the Skin: Recycling versus Release. Metabolites 2023; 13:1005. [PMID: 37755285 PMCID: PMC10534741 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin protects the body against exogenous stressors. Its function is partially achieved by the permanent regeneration of the epidermis, which requires high metabolic activity and the shedding of superficial cells, leading to the loss of metabolites. Iron is involved in a plethora of important epidermal processes, including cellular respiration and detoxification of xenobiotics. Likewise, microorganisms on the surface of the skin depend on iron, which is supplied by the turnover of epithelial cells. Here, we review the metabolism of iron in the skin with a particular focus on the fate of iron in epidermal keratinocytes. The iron metabolism of the epidermis is controlled by genes that are differentially expressed in the inner and outer layers of the epidermis, establishing a system that supports the recycling of iron and counteracts the release of iron from the skin surface. Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), ferroportin (SLC40A1) and hephaestin-like 1 (HEPHL1) are constitutively expressed in terminally differentiated keratinocytes and allow the recycling of iron from heme prior to the cornification of keratinocytes. We discuss the evidence for changes in the epidermal iron metabolism in diseases and explore promising topics of future studies of iron-dependent processes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (S.S.)
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10
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Hider RC, Pourzand C, Ma Y, Cilibrizzi A. Optical Imaging Opportunities to Inspect the Nature of Cytosolic Iron Pools. Molecules 2023; 28:6467. [PMID: 37764245 PMCID: PMC10537325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical nature of intracellular labile iron pools (LIPs) is described. By virtue of the kinetic lability of these pools, it is suggested that the isolation of such species by chromatography methods will not be possible, but rather mass spectrometric techniques should be adopted. Iron-sensitive fluorescent probes, which have been developed for the detection and quantification of LIP, are described, including those specifically designed to monitor cytosolic, mitochondrial, and lysosomal LIPs. The potential of near-infrared (NIR) probes for in vivo monitoring of LIP is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Charles Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies, School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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11
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Wardman P. Factors Important in the Use of Fluorescent or Luminescent Probes and Other Chemical Reagents to Measure Oxidative and Radical Stress. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1041. [PMID: 37509077 PMCID: PMC10377120 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous chemical probes have been used to measure or image oxidative, nitrosative and related stress induced by free radicals in biology and biochemistry. In many instances, the chemical pathways involved are reasonably well understood. However, the rate constants for key reactions involved are often not yet characterized, and thus it is difficult to ensure the measurements reflect the flux of oxidant/radical species and are not influenced by competing factors. Key questions frequently unanswered are whether the reagents are used under 'saturating' conditions, how specific probes are for particular radicals or oxidants and the extent of the involvement of competing reactions (e.g., with thiols, ascorbate and other antioxidants). The commonest-used probe for 'reactive oxygen species' in biology actually generates superoxide radicals in producing the measured product in aerobic systems. This review emphasizes the need to understand reaction pathways and in particular to quantify the kinetic parameters of key reactions, as well as measure the intracellular levels and localization of probes, if such reagents are to be used with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wardman
- Formerly of the Gray Cancer Institute, Mount Vernon Hospital/University of Oxford, UK
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12
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Philpott CC, Protchenko O, Wang Y, Novoa-Aponte L, Leon-Torres A, Grounds S, Tietgens AJ. Iron-tracking strategies: Chaperones capture iron in the cytosolic labile iron pool. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1127690. [PMID: 36818045 PMCID: PMC9932599 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1127690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells express hundreds of iron-dependent enzymes that rely on the iron cofactors heme, iron-sulfur clusters, and mono-or di-nuclear iron centers for activity. Cells require systems for both the assembly and the distribution of iron cofactors to their cognate enzymes. Proteins involved in the binding and trafficking of iron ions in the cytosol, called cytosolic iron chaperones, have been identified and characterized in mammalian cells. The first identified iron chaperone, poly C-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), has also been studied in mice using genetic models of conditional deletion in tissues specialized for iron handling. Studies of iron trafficking in mouse tissues have necessitated the development of new approaches, which have revealed new roles for PCBP1 in the management of cytosolic iron. These approaches can be applied to investigate use of other nutrient metals in mammals.
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13
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Li Z, Hou JT, Wang S, Zhu L, He X, Shen J. Recent advances of luminescent sensors for iron and copper: Platforms, mechanisms, and bio-applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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14
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Dual Regulatory Role Exerted by Cyclic Dimeric GMP To Control FsnR-Mediated Bacterial Swimming. mBio 2022; 13:e0141422. [PMID: 36069448 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01414-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial motility has great medical and ecological significance because of its essential role in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger in bacteria, is the predominant regulator of flagellar synthesis and motility and possesses turnover mechanisms that have been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, much attention has been focused on identifying the upstream stimulatory signals and downstream modules that respond to altered c-di-GMP levels. Here, we systematically analyzed c-di-GMP cyclases and phosphodiesterases in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to screen for motility regulators. Of these enzymes, we identified and characterized a new phosphodiesterase named SisP, which was found to facilitate bacterial swimming upon stimulation with ferrous iron. SisP-mediated degradation of c-di-GMP leads to FsnR-dependent transcription of flagellar genes. Remarkably, c-di-GMP controls FsnR via two independent mechanisms: by direct binding and indirectly by modulating its phosphorylation state. In this study, we deciphered a novel "one stone, two birds" regulatory strategy of c-di-GMP and uncovered the signal that stimulates c-di-GMP hydrolysis. Facilitation of bacterial swimming motility by ferrous iron might contribute to the higher risk of bacterial infection in acutely ill patients. IMPORTANCE Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has become a great threat to human health because of the high mortality of infected patients. Swimming motility plays a crucial role in regulating bacterial virulence and adaptation. However, limited progress has been made in cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) controlling swimming motility of S. maltophilia. Here, we characterized c-di-GMP turnover enzymes encoded by S. maltophilia and dissected the regulatory details of a phosphodiesterase named SisP. We demonstrated that SisP degrades c-di-GMP to fully activate FsnR through directly releasing FsnR from the FsnR-c-di-GMP complex and indirectly increasing its phosphorylation level. This finding uncovered a quantitative, rather than an on-off, regulatory manner employed by c-di-GMP to regulate activities of its effectors. Identification of the specific activation of SisP by ferrous iron proposes SisP as a putative drug-target for controlling bacterial infection and ferrous iron at the wounds or cuts as a putative factor contributing to the higher risk of bacterial infection.
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15
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Kholmukhamedov A, Li L, Lindsey CC, Hu J, Nieminen AL, Takemoto K, Beeson GC, Beneker CM, McInnes C, Beeson CC, Lemasters JJ. A new fluorescent sensor mitoferrofluor indicates the presence of chelatable iron in polarized and depolarized mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102336. [PMID: 35931111 PMCID: PMC9460511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial chelatable iron contributes to the severity of several injury processes, including ischemia/reperfusion, oxidative stress, and drug toxicity. However, methods to measure this species in living cells are lacking. To measure mitochondrial chelatable iron in living cells, here we synthesized a new fluorescent indicator, mitoferrofluor (MFF). We designed cationic MFF to accumulate electrophoretically in polarized mitochondria, where a reactive group then forms covalent adducts with mitochondrial proteins to retain MFF even after subsequent depolarization. We also show in cell-free medium that Fe2+ (and Cu2+), but not Fe3+, Ca2+, or other biologically relevant divalent cations, strongly quenched MFF fluorescence. Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrate in hepatocytes that red MFF fluorescence colocalized with the green fluorescence of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) indicator, rhodamine 123 (Rh123), indicating selective accumulation into the mitochondria. Unlike Rh123, mitochondria retained MFF after ΔΨm collapse. Furthermore, intracellular delivery of iron with membrane-permeant Fe3+/8-hydroxyquinoline (FeHQ) quenched MFF fluorescence by ∼80% in hepatocytes and other cell lines, which was substantially restored by the membrane-permeant transition metal chelator pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone. We also show FeHQ quenched the fluorescence of cytosolically coloaded calcein, another Fe2+ indicator, confirming that Fe3+ in FeHQ undergoes intracellular reduction to Fe2+. Finally, MFF fluorescence did not change after addition of the calcium mobilizer thapsigargin, which shows MFF is insensitive to physiologically relevant increases of mitochondrial Ca2+. In conclusion, the new sensor reagent MFF fluorescence is an indicator of mitochondrial chelatable Fe2+ in normal hepatocytes with polarized mitochondria as well as in cells undergoing loss of ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andaleb Kholmukhamedov
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Li Li
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher C. Lindsey
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jiangting Hu
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna-Liisa Nieminen
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kenji Takemoto
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gyda C. Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M. Beneker
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Craig C. Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,For correspondence: John J. Lemasters
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16
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Leng J, Lan X, Liu S, Jia W, Cheng W, Cheng J, Liu Z. Synthesis and bioimaging of a BODIPY-based fluorescence quenching probe for Fe 3. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21332-21339. [PMID: 35975086 PMCID: PMC9344281 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00818a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is the main substance for maintaining life. Real-time determination of ferric ion (Fe3+) in living cells is of great significance for understanding the relationship of Fe3+ concentration changes with various physiological and pathological processes. Fluorescent probes are suitable for the detection of trace metal ions in cells due to their low toxicity and high sensitivity. In this work, a boron-dipyrromethene-based fluorescent probe (BODIPY-CL) for selective detection of Fe3+ was synthesized. The fluorescence emission of BODIPY-CL was determined at 516 nm. In a pH range of 1 to 10, the probe BODIPY-CL exhibits a quenching response to Fe3+. Meanwhile, BODIPY-CL showed a highly selective response to Fe3+ compared with 16 kinds of metal ions. The stoichiometry ratio of BODIPY-CL bound to Fe3+ was nearly 2 : 1. The fluorescence quenching response obtained by the sensor was linear with the Fe3+ concentration in the range of 0-400 μM, and the detection limit was 2.9 μM. BODIPY-CL was successfully applied to image Fe3+ in cells. This study provides a promising fluorescent imaging probe for further research on the physiological and pathological effects of Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Leng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Wenshuai Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Zhenbo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
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17
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Kawabata T. Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142152. [PMID: 35883594 PMCID: PMC9324531 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is responsible for the regulation of several cell functions. However, iron ions are catalytic and dangerous for cells, so the cells sequester such redox-active irons in the transport and storage proteins. In systemic iron overload and local pathological conditions, redox-active iron increases in the human body and induces oxidative stress through the formation of reactive oxygen species. Non-transferrin bound iron is a candidate for the redox-active iron in extracellular space. Cells take iron by the uptake machinery such as transferrin receptor and divalent metal transporter 1. These irons are delivered to places where they are needed by poly(rC)-binding proteins 1/2 and excess irons are stored in ferritin or released out of the cell by ferroportin 1. We can imagine transit iron pool in the cell from iron import to the export. Since the iron in the transit pool is another candidate for the redox-active iron, the size of the pool may be kept minimally. When a large amount of iron enters cells and overflows the capacity of iron binding proteins, the iron behaves as a redox-active iron in the cell. This review focuses on redox-active iron in extracellular and intracellular spaces through a biophysical and chemical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Kawabata
- Department of Applied Physics, Postgraduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
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18
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Valencia E, García M, Fernández-Vega B, Pereiro R, Lobo L, González-Iglesias H. Targeted Analysis of Tears Revealed Specific Altered Metal Homeostasis in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:10. [PMID: 35426907 PMCID: PMC9034717 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Specific altered metal homeostasis has been investigated in the tear film of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients considering that metal dyshomeostasis contributes to the production of free radicals, inflammation, and apoptosis and results in conformational changes of proteins. Methods A multitargeted approach based on spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry techniques has been implemented to the multiplexed quantitation of lactoferrin (LF), S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6), metallothionein 1A (MT1A), complement factor H (CFH), clusterin (CLU), amyloid precursor protein (APP), Mg, P, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Ca, in the tear film from 60 subjects, 31 patients diagnosed with the dry form of AMD, and 29 healthy individuals Results Significant up-regulations of MT1A (1.9-fold) and S100A6 (1.4-fold) and down-regulations of LF (0.7-fold), Fe (0.6-fold), Mg (0.7-fold), and Cu (0.7-fold) were observed in AMD patients, when compared to control subjects. Of all the studied variables, only APP showed negative correlation with age in the AMD group. Also, positive correlations were observed for the variables Mg and Na, Cu and Mg, and P and Mg in both the AMD and control groups, whereas positive correlations were exclusively determined in the AMD group for Cu and LF, Na and Ca, and Mg and Ca. The panel constituted of MT1A, Na, and Mg predicts AMD disease in 73% of cases. Conclusions The different levels of target metals and (metallo-)proteins in the tear film suggest altered metal homeostasis in AMD patients. These observed pathophysiological changes may be related with the anomalous protein aggregation in the macula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Valencia
- Ophtalmological Research Foundation, University Institute Fernández-Vega, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Montserrat García
- Ophtalmological Research Foundation, University Institute Fernández-Vega, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Ophthalmological Institute Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Vega
- Ophtalmological Research Foundation, University Institute Fernández-Vega, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Ophthalmological Institute Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosario Pereiro
- Ophtalmological Research Foundation, University Institute Fernández-Vega, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lara Lobo
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Ophtalmological Research Foundation, University Institute Fernández-Vega, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Ophthalmological Institute Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
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19
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Jiang H, Muir RK, Gonciarz RL, Olshen AB, Yeh I, Hann BC, Zhao N, Wang YH, Behr SC, Korkola JE, Evans MJ, Collisson EA, Renslo AR. Ferrous iron–activatable drug conjugate achieves potent MAPK blockade in KRAS-driven tumors. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213060. [PMID: 35262628 PMCID: PMC8916116 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations drive a quarter of cancer mortality, and most are undruggable. Several inhibitors of the MAPK pathway are FDA approved but poorly tolerated at the doses needed to adequately extinguish RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling in the tumor cell. We found that oncogenic KRAS signaling induced ferrous iron (Fe2+) accumulation early in and throughout mutant KRAS-mediated transformation. We converted an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor into a ferrous iron–activatable drug conjugate (FeADC) and achieved potent MAPK blockade in tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. This innovation allowed sustainable, effective treatment of tumor-bearing animals, with tumor-selective drug activation, producing superior systemic tolerability. Ferrous iron accumulation is an exploitable feature of KRAS transformation, and FeADCs hold promise for improving the treatment of KRAS-driven solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ryan K. Muir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ryan L. Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam B. Olshen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Byron C. Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yung-hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Spencer C. Behr
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - James E. Korkola
- Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Eric A. Collisson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Adam R. Renslo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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20
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Yang X, Yang J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhang B, Mei X. Tiopronin protected gold-silver bimetallic nanoclusters for sequential detection of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid in serum. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Liang D, Yu C, Qin X, Yang X, Dong X, Hu M, Du L, Li M. Discovery of small-molecule fluorescent probes for C-Met. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114114. [PMID: 35051746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
C-mesenchymal-epithelia transition factor (c-Met) is highly expressed in various solid tumors such as gastric cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer, playing a pivotal role in the growth, maintenance, and development of different tumor cells. In this study, three small-molecule fluorescent probes (5, 11, 16) targeting c-Met were developed, and their design strategies were also initially explored. In general, the fluorescence properties of the probes themselves could meet the imaging requirements, and they have shown sufficient inhibitory activities against c-Met, especially probe 16, reflecting the targeting and acceptance. Also, fluorescence polarization assays and flow cytometry analysis verified the binding between the probes and c-Met. Cell imaging confirmed that these probes could be used to label c-Met on living cells. It is of positive significance for the development of c-Met kinase inhibitors and tumor pathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaojun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xingye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mingzhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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22
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Zheng H, Mi D, Katabuchi M, Motooka Y, Ito F. Double-edged Sword Role of Iron-loaded Ferritin in Extracellular Vesicles. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:244-249. [PMID: 35047450 PMCID: PMC8749322 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.4.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated that excess iron is a risk for cancer. The responsible mechanisms are: 1) increased intracellular iron catalyzes the Fenton reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals, leading to mutagenic oxidative DNA lesions; 2) iron is necessary for cellular proliferation as cofactors of many enzymes. Thus, iron-excess milieu promotes selecting cellular evolution to ferroptosis-resistance, a major basis for carcinogenesis. Ferritin is a 24-subunit nanocage protein required for iron storage under the regulation of the iron-regulatory protein (IRP)/iron-responsive element (IRE) system. Ferritin is a serum marker, representing total body iron storage. However, how ferritin is secreted extracellularly has been unelucidated. We recently discovered that an exosomal marker CD63 is regulated by the IRP/IRE system and that iron-loaded ferritin is secreted as extracellular vesicles under the guidance of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). On the other hand, we found that macrophages under asbestos-induced ferroptosis emit ferroptosis-dependent extracellular vesicles (FedEVs), which are received by nearby mesothelial cells, resulting in significant mutagenic DNA damage. Therefore, cells, including macrophages, can share excess iron with other cells, via iron-loaded ferritin packaged in extracellular vesicles as safe non-catalytic iron. However, similar process, such as one involving FedEVs, may cause accumulation of excess iron in other specific cells, which may eventually promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Danyang Mi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misako Katabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Nagarajan R, Vanjare BD, Hwan Lee K. The first tryptophan based turn-off chemosensor for Fe 2+ ion detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 262:120103. [PMID: 34198117 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, we have designed and synthesized a novel Tryptophan-Quinoline conjugated turn-off chemosensor 4 for the selective detection of Fe2+ ion with high sensitivity (3.06 μM) among 21 metal cations such as Ag+, Ca+, Cs+, Cu+, K+, Na+, NH4+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Au3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ in DMF-HEPES (1 mM, pH = 7.0, 1:1, v/v) aqueous-organic solvent system. It showed a fluorescence quenching mechanism through the blocked PET process. The optical properties, binding mode of the metal ion with the receptor, plausible electron transfer mechanism, and its practical applications have been discussed. This work will open up a new avenue in amino acid-based Fe2+ ion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasaheb D Vanjare
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Tümay SO, Irani-Nezhad MH, Khataee A. Development of dipodal fluorescence sensor of iron for real samples based on pyrene modified anthracene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120017. [PMID: 34098476 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel pyrene modified anthracene dipodal sensor was prepared by a simple synthetic method for the sensitive determination of iron ions in real samples. The chemical characterization analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were carried out to characterize the target fluorescent sensor. Photophysical and electrochemical behaviors of the sensor were studied by the absorption, excitation-emission matrix analysis, steady-state fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, and cyclic and square wave voltammetry, respectively. The fluorescent sensor properties were evaluated via Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. According to obtained results, the fluorescence signal of the sensor was selectively quenched with interaction with Fe3+ ions. The spectrofluorimetric determination of iron, in real water and medicine samples were successfully carried out under optimized experimental conditions. A detection limit and linear working range were calculated as 0.265 μM and 0.275-55.000 μM, respectively which demonstrated the ability of the simple and sensitive sensor for slight amounts of iron. The obtained detection limit for iron determination with the presented novel fluorescent sensor was less than nearly 20 times the tolerance limit (5.40 µM) in drinking water that was determined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The accuracy of the newly developed method was evaluated by Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and spike/recovery test which demonstrated that the developed fluorescent sensor has high accuracy for fast, easy and accessible determination of iron at 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süreyya Oğuz Tümay
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Mahsa Haddad Irani-Nezhad
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey.
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25
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The Effects of Iron Rust on the Ageing of Woods and Their Derived Pulp Paper. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203483. [PMID: 34685242 PMCID: PMC8537420 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The accelerated ageing of wood in terms of heating or iron rusting has a potential effect on the physio-mechanical, chemical and biological properties of wood. The effects of accelerated ageing on the mechanical, physical and fungal activity properties of some wood materials (Schinus terebinthifolius, Erythrina humeana, Tectona grandis, Pinus rigida and Juglans nigra) were studied after several cycles of heating and iron rusting. The fungal activity was assayed against the growth of Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum and Stemphylium solani. In addition, the mechanical and optical properties of paper sheets produced from those wood pulps by means of Kraft cooking were evaluated. The mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the accelerated ageing, compared to control woods. With Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we detected an increase in the intensity of the spectra of the functional groups of cellulose in the heated samples, which indicates an increase in cellulose content and decrease in lignin content, compared to other chemical compounds. For pulp properties, woods treated by heating showed a decrease in the pulp yield. The highest significant values of tensile strength were observed in pulp paper produced from untreated, heated and iron-rusted P. rigida wood and they were 69.66, 65.66 and 68.33 N·m/g, respectively; we calculated the tear resistance from pulp paper of untreated P. rigida (8.68 mN·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.83 mN·m2/g) and rusted P. rigida (7.56 mN·m2/g) wood; we obtained the values of the burst strength of the pulp paper of untreated woods of P. rigida (8.19 kPa·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.49 kPa·m2/g), as well as the fold number of the pulp paper of untreated, heated and rusted woods from P. rigida, with values of 195.66, 186.33 and 185.66, respectively. After 14 days from the incubation, no fungal inhibition zones were observed. Accelerated ageing (heated or iron-rusted) produced significant effects on the mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species and affected the properties of the produced pulp paper.
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Kosman DJ. A holistic view of mammalian (vertebrate) cellular iron uptake. Metallomics 2021; 12:1323-1334. [PMID: 32766655 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell iron uptake in mammals is commonly distinguished by whether the iron is presented to the cell as transferrin-bound or not: TBI or NTBI. This generic perspective conflates TBI with canonical transferrin receptor, endosomal iron uptake, and NTBI with uptake supported by a plasma membrane-localized divalent metal ion transporter, most often identified as DMT1. In fact, iron uptake by mammalian cells is far more nuanced than this somewhat proscribed view suggests. This view fails to accommodate the substantial role that ZIP8 and ZIP14 play in iron uptake, while adhering to the traditional premise that a relatively high endosomal [H+] is thermodynamically required for release of iron from holo-Tf. The canonical view of iron uptake also does not encompass the fact that plasma membrane electron transport - PMET - has long been linked to cell iron uptake. In fact, the known mammalian metallo-reductases - Dcytb and the STEAP proteins - are members of this cohort of cytochrome-dependent oxido-reductases that shuttle reducing equivalents across the plasma membrane. A not commonly appreciated fact is the reduction potential of ferric iron in holo-Tf is accessible to cytoplasmic reducing equivalents - reduced pyridine and flavin mono- and di-nucleotides and dihydroascorbic acid. This allows for the reductive release of Fe2+ at the extracellular surface of the PM and subsequent transport into the cytoplasm by a neutral pH transporter - a ZIP protein. What this perspective emphasizes is that there are two TfR-dependent uptake pathways, one which does and one which does not involve clathrin-dependent, endolysosomal trafficking. This raises the question as to the selective advantage of having two Tf, TfR-dependent routes of iron accumulation. This review of canonical and non-canonical iron uptake uses cerebral iron trafficking as a point of discussion, a focus that encourages inclusion also of the importance of ferritin as a circulating 'chaperone' of ferric iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kosman
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Buffalo, Suite 4102, 995 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Guo Z, Liu X, Yu H, Hou F, Gao S, Zhong L, Xu H, Yu Y, Meng J, Wang R. Continuous response fluorescence sensor for three small molecules based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from prunus lannesiana and their logic gate operation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 257:119774. [PMID: 33872952 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an environmentally friendly and water-soluble nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) with quantum yield (QY) of 8.59% were prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis without any chemical reagent using the leaves of prunus lannesiana as precursors. The properties and quality of N-CQDs were investigated by Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence of the prepared N-CQDs can be quenched by Fe3+ through the synergistic effect of the formation of non-fluorescent complex and internal filtration effect (IFE) between Fe3+ and N-CQDs. And the quenched fluorescence can be "turned on" after adding ascorbic acid (AA) because Fe3+ can be released from the surface of N-CQDs through the redox reaction between AA and Fe3+. While the restored fluorescence can be "turned off" again by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) due to the re-oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+. So, the three inputs "logic gate" is achieved and the "on-off-on-off" continuous response fluorescence sensor is formed, which can be applied for the continuous detection of Fe3+, AA and H2O2 with the linear range of 40-260 μM, 10-200 μM and 40-140 μM, respectively. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied to determine Fe3+, AA and H2O2 in real samples with the satisfactory recoveries (95.35%-104.10%) and repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 1.68%). The continuous response fluorescence sensor prepared by simple green synthesis route has the characteristics of fast response, acceptable sensitivity and good selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xuerui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Haiyu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Faju Hou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Shanmin Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Qiuzhen College, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Junli Meng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ruru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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Cai CH, Wang HL, Man RJ. Monitoring of Fe (II) ions in living cells using a novel quinoline-derived fluorescent probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119729. [PMID: 33784593 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically, Fe(III) and Fe(II) is the most important redox pairs in a variety of biological and environmental procedures with its capability of transition. The detection of physiological iron, especially Fe(II), has become the recent research focus of investigations on revealing the mechanism of iron-related metabolism. In this work, we exploited a novel quinoline-derived fluorescent probe, YTP, for the detection of Fe(II). It could monitor the level of Fe(II) with a linear range of 0-2.0 equivalent and the detection limit of 0.16 µM. High selectivity from other analytes including Fe(III) and steadiness for over 24 h confirmed the practicability of YTP. YTP was further applied in real buffer systems and in cellular imaging. The probe could achieve the semi-quantitative monitoring of Fe(II) in living cells. This work provided a potential implement for the detection of Fe(II), and raised important information for further researches on the redox pairs of iron, in mechanism and in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-He Cai
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 20 Chengfu Rd., Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Kaiheyingran Consulting Co., Ltd., F-101, Fuliaidingbao, Baijiazhuang No.1, Chaoyang Dist, Beijing 100020, China; Nanjing University, School of Life Science, Xianlin Campus, No.163, Xianlin Rd, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - He-Li Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 20 Chengfu Rd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Ruo-Jun Man
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, Nanning 530006, China.
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Zhao T, Guo X, Sun Y. Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation in the Aging Retina: Implication of Ferroptosis in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Aging Dis 2021; 12:529-551. [PMID: 33815881 PMCID: PMC7990372 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential component in many biological processes in the human body. It is critical for the visual phototransduction cascade in the retina. However, excess iron can be toxic. Iron accumulation and reduced efficiency of intracellular antioxidative defense systems predispose the aging retina to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by retinal iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The mechanisms underlying AMD include oxidative stress-mediated death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and subsequent death of retinal photoreceptors. Understanding the mechanism of the disruption of iron and redox homeostasis in the aging retina and AMD is crucial to decipher these mechanisms of cell death and AMD pathogenesis. The mechanisms of retinal cell death in AMD are an area of active investigation; previous studies have proposed several types of cell death as major mechanisms. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered programmed cell death pathway, has been associated with the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Ferroptosis is initiated by lipid peroxidation and is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the aging retina and AMD, with an emphasis on ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantai Zhao
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,2Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojian Guo
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,2Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,2Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
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30
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Chen J, Gonciarz RL, Renslo AR. Expanded scope of Griesbaum co-ozonolysis for the preparation of structurally diverse sensors of ferrous iron. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34338-34342. [PMID: 35497286 PMCID: PMC9042324 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterically shielded 1,2,4-trioxolanes prepared by Griesbaum co-ozonolysis have been utilized as chemical sensors of ferrous iron in several recently described chemical probes of labile iron. Here we report optimized conditions for co-ozonolysis that proceed efficiently and with high diastereoselectivity across an expanded range of substrates, and should enable a new generation of labile iron probes with altered reaction kinetics and physicochemical properties. Improved, low temperature conditions for Griesbaum co-ozonolysis enables the preparation of structurally diverse 1,2,4-trioxolane-based sensors of ferrous iron for caging of reporters and therapeutic payloads.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Ryan L. Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Adam R. Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
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31
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Abstract
Abstract
Transition metals such as zinc, copper and iron play vital roles in maintaining physiological functions and homeostasis of living systems. Molecular imaging, including two-photon imaging (TPI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), could act as non-invasive toolkits for capturing dynamic events in living cells, tissues and whole animals. Herein, we review the recent progress in the development of molecular probes for essential transition metals and their biological applications. We emphasize the contributions of metallostasis to health and disease, and discuss the future research directions about how to harness the great potential of metal sensors.
Graphic Abstract
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32
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Hirayama T, Niwa M, Hirosawa S, Nagasawa H. High-Throughput Screening for the Discovery of Iron Homeostasis Modulators Using an Extremely Sensitive Fluorescent Probe. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2950-2958. [PMID: 32885952 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput methods for monitoring subcellular labile Fe(II) are important for conducting studies on iron homeostasis and for the discovery of potential drug candidates for the treatment of iron deficiency or overload. Herein, a highly sensitive and robust fluorescent probe for the detection of intracellular labile Fe(II) is described. The probe was designed through the rational optimization of the reactivity and responsiveness for an Fe(II)-induced fluorogenic reaction based on deoxygenation of an N-oxide, which was developed in-house. The probe is ready to use for a 96-well-plate-based high-content imaging of labile Fe(II) in living cells. Using this simple method, we were able to conduct high-throughput screening of a chemical library containing 3399 compounds. The compound lomofungin was identified as a potential drug candidate for the intracellular enhancement of labile Fe(II) via a novel mechanism in which the ferritin protein was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masato Niwa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shusaku Hirosawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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33
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Toksöz YS, Özyiğit İE, Bilen Ç, Arsu N, Karakuş E. Development of a fluorometric measurement system used in biological samples upon the determination of iron (II) metal ion. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:361-374. [PMID: 32935651 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1818257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
2-thioxanthone thioacetic acid (TXSCH2COOH, T), which has a fluorometric character, was used for new fluorometric system upon Fe(II) analysis in biological samples as the main target. T-BSA binary complex was firstly consisted with non-covalent interactions between T and BSA at the equilibrium concentration as 1.77 × 10-4.M. T-BSA binary complex emission was increased at the ratio of 24.40% due to stabilization property of BSA (pH:7), compared with T emission intensity. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy was used for the all measurements because of an economic, a sensitive and a practical method compared with other spectroscopic analysis. T-BSA-Fe(II) triple complex was also obtained by adding Fe(II) ion to T-BSA binary complex solution. Its characterization was performed to be investigated with optimum excitation wavelength, buffer concentration, pH and temperature as 297 nm, 10-3 M Tris HCl (10-2M NaCI), pH:7.2 at 25 °C, respectively. The results of Fe(II) analysis in serum showed a certain response in fluorometric T-BSA-Fe(II) triple complex measurement system as 50.42 ± 5.8 µg/dL. The analyses of our fluorometric triple complex system were compared with the reference electrochemiluminescence method and similar results were obtained. Fluorometric measurements of T-BSA-Fe(II) triple complex, its characterization and Fe(II) analysis in this system have not been investigated in literature gives originality to our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Selim Toksöz
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Çiğdem Bilen
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Karakuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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34
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Zhu B, Huang G, He Y, Xie J, He T, Wang J, Zong Z. Synthesis and characterization of MOFs constructed from 5-(benzimidazole-1-yl)isophthalic acid and highly selective fluorescence detection of Fe(iii) and Cr(vi) in water. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34943-34952. [PMID: 35514377 PMCID: PMC9056870 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, four novel metal–organic frameworks [Cd(bipa)]n (1), {[Zn2(bipa)2]·2C2H5OH}n (2), {[Co(bipa)]·C2H5OH}n (3), {[Ni(bipa)2]·2DMA}n (4), (H2bipa = 5-(benzimidazole-1-yl)isophthalic acid) were successfully synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Complexes 1–4 were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Interestingly, the coordination patterns and 3D network structures of complexes 1–3 are very similar, while complex 4 is relatively unique. Complexes 1–2 exhibit potential fluorescent properties. Complex 1 can selectively and sensitively detect trace Fe(iii) and Cr(vi) in water by fluorescence quenching detection, and the quenching mechanism is further discussed. In this work, four novel MOFs [Cd(bipa)]n (1), {[Zn2(bipa)2]·2C2H5OH}n (2), {[Co(bipa)]·C2H5OH}n (3), {[Ni(bipa)2]·2DMA}n (4), (H2bipa = 5-(benzimidazole-1-yl)isophthalic acid) were successfully synthesized under solvothermal conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 Shandong China
| | - Guimei Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Baise 533000 Guangxi China
| | - Yanni He
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Baise 533000 Guangxi China
| | - Jisheng Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Baise 533000 Guangxi China
| | - Tao He
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Baise 533000 Guangxi China
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Baise 533000 Guangxi China
| | - Ziao Zong
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Baise 533000 Guangxi China
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Ito F, Yanatori I, Maeda Y, Nimura K, Ito S, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H, Kohyama N, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S, Toyokuni S. Asbestos conceives Fe(II)-dependent mutagenic stromal milieu through ceaseless macrophage ferroptosis and β-catenin induction in mesothelium. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101616. [PMID: 32863225 PMCID: PMC7330611 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asbestos is still a social burden worldwide as a carcinogen causing malignant mesothelioma. Whereas recent studies suggest that local iron reduction is a preventive strategy against carcinogenesis, little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms surrounding excess iron. Here by differentially using high-risk and low-risk asbestos fibers (crocidolite and anthophyllite, respectively), we identified asbestos-induced mutagenic milieu for mesothelial cells. Rat and cell experiments revealed that phagocytosis of asbestos by macrophages results in their distinctive necrotic death; initially lysosome-depenent cell death and later ferroptosis, which increase intra- and extra-cellular catalytic Fe(II). DNA damage in mesothelial cells, as assessed by 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and γ-H2AX, increased after crocidolite exposure during regeneration accompanied by β-catenin activation. Conversely, β-catenin overexpression in mesothelial cells induced higher intracellular catalytic Fe(II) with increased G2/M cell-cycle fraction, when p16INK4A genomic loci localized more peripherally in the nucleus. Mesothelial cells after challenge of H2O2 under β-catenin overexpression presented low p16INK4A expression with a high incidence of deletion in p16INK4A locus. Thus, crocidolite generated catalytic Fe(II)-rich mutagenic environment for mesothelial cells by necrotizing macrophages with lysosomal cell death and ferroptosis. These results suggest novel molecular strategies to prevent mesothelial carcinogenesis after asbestos exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenta Nimura
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kohyama
- Faculty of Economics, Toyo University Graduate School of Economics, Tokyo, 112-0001, Japan; National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, 214-8585, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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36
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Khatun S, Biswas S, Binoy A, Podder A, Mishra N, Bhuniya S. Highly chemoselective turn-on fluorescent probe for ferrous (Fe2+) ion detection in cosmetics and live cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Gao J, He Y, Chen Y, Song D, Zhang Y, Qi F, Guo Z, He W. Reversible FRET Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Tracking of Endogenous Fe3+ in Ferroptosis. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10920-10927. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueqin He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongfan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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38
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Toyokuni S, Yanatori I, Kong Y, Zheng H, Motooka Y, Jiang L. Ferroptosis at the crossroads of infection, aging and cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2665-2671. [PMID: 32437084 PMCID: PMC7419040 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant developments and persistent efforts by scientists, cancer is one of the primary causes of human death worldwide. No form of life on Earth can survive without iron, although some species can live without oxygen. Iron presents a double‐edged sword. Excess iron is a risk for carcinogenesis, while its deficiency causes anemia, leading to oxygen shortage. Every cell is eventually destined to death, either through apoptosis or necrosis. Regulated necrosis is recognized in distinct forms. Ferroptosis is defined as catalytic Fe(II)‐dependent regulated necrosis accompanied by lipid peroxidation. The main observation was necrosis of fibrosarcoma cells through inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter with erastin, which reduced intracellular cysteine and, thus, glutathione levels. Our current understanding of ferroptosis is relative abundance of iron (catalytic Fe[II]) in comparison with sulfur (sulfhydryls). Thus, either excess iron or sulfur deficiency causes ferroptosis. Cell proliferation inevitably requires iron for DNA synthesis and energy production. Carcinogenesis is a process toward iron addiction with ferroptosis resistance. Conversely, ferroptosis is associated with aging and neurodegeneration. Ferroptosis of immune cells during infection is advantageous for infectious agents, whereas ferroptosis resistance incubates carcinogenic soil as excess iron. Cancer cells are rich in catalytic Fe(II). Directing established cancer cells to ferroptosis is a novel strategy for discovering cancer therapies. Appropriate iron regulation could be a tactic to reduce and delay carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Hirayama T, Miki A, Nagasawa H. Organelle-specific analysis of labile Fe(ii) during ferroptosis by using a cocktail of various colour organelle-targeted fluorescent probes. Metallomics 2020; 11:111-117. [PMID: 30215439 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an emerging type of cell death mode that is dependent on iron. Unfortunately, the detailed analysis of the function of organelle labile Fe(ii) in oxidative damage and lethality of the cells has not been demonstrated so far, mainly due to the lack of efficient methods to visualize labile Fe(ii) at the targeted organelles. We have recently reported a series of Fe(ii)-selective fluorescent probes, i.e., Ac-MtFluNox, Lyso-RhoNox, and ER-SiRhoNox, which can detect Fe(ii) specifically in the mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), respectively. These probes demonstrate similar reaction rates and off/on contrasts with various colours and intracellular distributions, enabling simultaneous multi-colour imaging that allows the monitoring of labile Fe(ii) levels at each targeted organelle. In this paper, by using a cocktail of these probes, we successfully visualised the aberrant elevation of labile Fe(ii) in the lysosomes and ER prior to HT1080 cell death induced by erastin, which is an inducer of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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40
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Nan Z, Hao C, Zhang X, Liu H, Sun R. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified ZnO/CdS nanoparticles based fluorescence sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe(III). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117717. [PMID: 31753649 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple and fast spectrofluorimetric method coupled with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified ZnO/CdS nanoparticles was developed for the detection of Ferric iron (Fe(III)). The fluorescence of CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs was effectively quenched by Fe(III) due to the strong interaction between the CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs and Fe(III). In addition, the detection limit of Fe(III) was about 1.72×10-7M. The effect of foreign ions on the fluorescence intensity of CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs showed that the interference response in detecting of Fe(III) ions was low. Moreover, the quenching of Fe(III) and CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs was discussed to be a static quenching procedure, which was proved by quenching constant KSV and fluorescence lifetime τ. The study of thermodynamics showed that the values of entropy change (ΔS) and enthalpy change (ΔH) were both positive, and the value of free energy (ΔG) was negative, which implied that the weak interaction of the molecular between CQDs/ZnO/CdS NPs and Fe(III) was hydrophobic force, and the quenching process was endothermic and spontaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezhu Nan
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Changchun Hao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Xianggang Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Runguang Sun
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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41
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Kakiuchi R, Hirayama T, Yanagisawa D, Tooyama I, Nagasawa H. A 19F-MRI probe for the detection of Fe(ii) ions in an aqueous system. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5843-5849. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00903b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An activity-based 19F-MRI probe that showed a chemical shift change in response to Fe(ii) was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kakiuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu
- Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu
- Japan
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center
- Shiga University of Medical Science
- Shiga
- Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center
- Shiga University of Medical Science
- Shiga
- Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Gifu
- Japan
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42
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Liang C, Zhang X, Yang M, Dong X. Recent Progress in Ferroptosis Inducers for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904197. [PMID: 31595562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 896] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death that is the nexus between metabolism, redox biology, and human health. Emerging evidence shows the potential of triggering ferroptosis for cancer therapy, particularly for eradicating aggressive malignancies that are resistant to traditional therapies. Recently, there has been a great deal of effort to design and develop anticancer drugs based on ferroptosis induction. Recent advances of ferroptosis-inducing agents at the intersection of chemistry, materials science, and cancer biology are presented. The basis of ferroptosis is summarized first to highlight the feasibility and characteristics of triggering ferroptosis for cancer therapy. A literature review of ferroptosis inducers (including small molecules and nanomaterials) is then presented to delineate their design, action mechanisms, and anticancer applications. Finally, some considerations for research on ferroptosis inducers are spotlighted, followed by a discussion on the challenges and future development directions of this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 210009, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Li Z, Jiang L, Chew SH, Hirayama T, Sekido Y, Toyokuni S. Carbonic anhydrase 9 confers resistance to ferroptosis/apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma under hypoxia. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101297. [PMID: 31442913 PMCID: PMC6831888 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and acidity provide microenvironment for selection under evolutionary pressure and proliferation in cancer cells. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a superfamily of metalloenzymes present in all life kingdoms, equilibrating the reactions among CO2, bicarbonate and H+. CA9, a membrane-associated α-CA, has been a drug target for various cancers. Whereas iron is essential not only for cancer cells but also for all the lives on earth, little is known on the association among hypoxia, iron metabolism, extracellular acidity and redox regulation. Malignant mesothelioma (MM), an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, is an intriguing model in that asbestos-associated pathogenesis includes excess iron environment during carcinogenesis. Re-analysis of rat asbestos-induced MM model revealed an inverse association between high CA9 expression and survival. Here we used human MMs to identify the molecular events surrounding CA9 from the viewpoint of iron metabolism. CA9 expression was significantly higher in MM cells than in MeT-5A mesothelial cells, which was further amplified under hypoxia (1%O2) with increased catalytic Fe(II). CA9 suppression by inhibitors (S4 and U104) decreased viability and migration of MM cells, accompanied by overexpression of TFRC, IREB1/2 and FPN1(SLC40A1) and by downregulation of FTH/FTL. This expressional pattern was similar to that of erastin-induced ferroptosis in the same cells. Furthermore, we observed mitochondrial fission and enhanced autophagy with increased catalytic Fe(II) in both mitochondria and lysosomes after CA9 inhibition, accompanied by increased peroxides, mitochondrial O2− and lipid peroxidation. The eventual cell death was significantly inhibited by deferoxamine, ferrostatin-1 and Z-VAD-FMK, suggesting a mixed cell death of ferroptosis and apoptosis. Therefore, CA9 plays a role in equilibrating among hypoxia, iron metabolism and redox regulation in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1113, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Harigae H, Hino K, Toyokuni S. Iron as Soul of Life on Earth Revisited: From Chemical Reaction, Ferroptosis to Therapeutics. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:1-2. [PMID: 30736912 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Hino
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Hirayama T. [Development and applications of Fe(II)-selective fluorescent probes]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:322-326. [PMID: 31787684 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron is the most abundant transition metal in our body and plays various pivotal roles in our lives including oxygen transport, energy production, and metabolic reactions. At the same time, an excess amount of iron may cause cellular damages through undesired oxidative reactions due to the high redox activity of Fe ion. We have developed the several fluorescent probes which can detect Fe(II) ion selectively with fluorescence enhancement to understand both the physiological and pathological contributions of Fe ion in living systems. These fluorescent probes worked in an aqueous buffer, living cells, and histochemical-stained samples (Chem Sci. 2013;4:1250, Chem Sci. 2017;8:4858, Free Radic Res. 2014;48:990, Sci Rep. 2017;7:10621). We established a color series of Fe(II)-selective fluorescent probes from blue to deep-red, which were applied to organelle-targeted fluorescent probes for mitochondria, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum. Herein, I would like to focus on fluorescence imaging study about the alteration of labile Fe(II) level in each organelle during ferroptosis, iron-dependent cell death, by using the various organelle-targeted fluorescent probes of Fe(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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