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Chaumont L, Collet B, Boudinot P. Protein kinase double-stranded RNA-dependent (PKR) in antiviral defence in fish and mammals. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 145:104732. [PMID: 37172664 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one of the key antiviral arms of the innate immune system. Upon binding of viral double stranded RNA, a viral Pattern Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP), PKR gets activated and phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) resulting in a protein shut-down that limits viral replication. Since its discovery in the mid-seventies, PKR has been shown to be involved in multiple important cellular processes including apoptosis, proinflammatory and innate immune responses. Viral subversion mechanisms of PKR underline its importance in the antiviral response of the host. PKR activation pathways and its mechanisms of action were previously identified and characterised mostly in mammalian models. However, fish Pkr and fish-specific paralogue Z-DNA-dependent protein kinase (Pkz) also play key role in antiviral defence. This review gives an update on the current knowledge on fish Pkr/Pkz, their conditions of activation and their implication in the immune responses to viruses, in comparison to their mammalian counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Chaumont
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Bertrand Collet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France.
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Gan Z, Xu X, Tang S, Wen Q, Jin Y, Lu Y. Identification and functional characterization of protein kinase R (PKR) in amphibian Xenopus tropicalis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104648. [PMID: 36708793 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As one of interferon-induced serine/threonine kinases, the protein kinase R (PKR) plays vital roles in antiviral defense, and functional features of PKR remain largely unknown in amphibians, which suffer from ranaviral diseases in the last few decades. In this study, a PKR gene named Xt-PKR was characterized in the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis). Xt-PKR gene was widely expressed in different organs/tissues, and was rapidly induced by poly(I:C) in spleen, kidney, and liver. Intriguingly, Xt-PKR could be up-rugulated by the treatment of type I and type III interferons, and the transcript level of Xt-PKR induced by type I interferon was much higher than that of type III interferon. Moreover, overexpression of Xt-PKR can suppress the protein synthesis and ranavirus replication in vitro, and the residue lysine required for the translation inhibition activity in mammalian PKR is conserved in Xt-PKR. The present study represents the first characterization on the functions of amphibian PKR, and reveals considerable functional conservation of PKR in early tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xinlan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shaoshuai Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Qingqing Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Gan Z, Cheng J, Hou J, Chen S, Xia H, Xia L, Kwok KWH, Lu Y, Nie P. Tilapia dsRNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR): An interferon-induced antiviral effector with translation inhibition activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:74-80. [PMID: 33667675 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dsRNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is one of key antiviral effectors induced by interferons (IFNs), and its functions are largely unknown in tilapia, an important commercial fish species suffering from several viral infectious diseases. In the present study, a PKR gene named On-PKR was identified and cloned from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. On-PKR gene was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest expression level observed in head kidney and liver, and was rapidly induced in all organs/tissues tested following the stimulation of poly(I:C). Importantly, the expression of On-PKR is induced by group I and group II IFNs with distinct induction kinetics in vivo: group I IFN elicits a relative delayed but sustained induction of On-PKR, whereas group II IFN triggers a rapid and transient expression of On-PKR. Moreover, the overexpression of On-PKR has been proven to inhibit the protein translation and virus replication in fish cells. The present study thus contributes to a better understanding of the functions of antiviral effectors in tilapia, and may provide clues for the prevention and therapy of viral diseases in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gan
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, And Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, And Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shannan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongli Xia
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, And Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Kevin W H Kwok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, And Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Cytosolic Sensors for Pathogenic Viral and Bacterial Nucleic Acids in Fish. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197289. [PMID: 33023222 PMCID: PMC7582293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial infection involves sets of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen structures, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Recent advances in the identification of different types of PRRs in teleost fish revealed a number of cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids. These are DExD/H-box RNA helicases including a group of well-characterized retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and non-RLR DExD/H-box RNA helicases (e.g., DDX1, DDX3, DHX9, DDX21, DHX36 and DDX41) both involved in recognition of viral RNAs. Another group of PRRs includes cytosolic DNA sensors (CDSs), such as cGAS and LSm14A involved in recognition of viral and intracellular bacterial dsDNAs. Moreover, dsRNA-sensing protein kinase R (PKR), which has a role in antiviral immune responses in higher vertebrates, has been identified in fish. Additionally, fish possess a novel PKR-like protein kinase containing Z-DNA binding domain, known as PKZ. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning cytosolic sensors for recognition of viral and bacterial nucleic acids in teleosts.
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Wei J, Zang S, Li C, Zhang X, Gao P, Qin Q. Grouper PKR activation inhibits red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) replication in infected cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 111:103744. [PMID: 32442443 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a Type I interferon (IFN) stimulated gene that has important biological and immunological functions. In viral infections, PKR inhibits or promotes viral replication. In the present study, PKR homologues of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcPKR) were cloned and the involvement of EcPKR during Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection was investigated. EcPKR encodes a 621-amino acid polypeptide that is closely related to the equivalent protein in Larimichthys crocea. EcPKR encoded two dsRNA binding domains and a Serine/Threonine protein kinase domain. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that EcPKR was present in all examined tissues, with higher expression in spleen, intestine and gill. When stimulated with poly(I:C), the expression of EcPKR in the grouper spleen was increased, with highest expression 12 h post stimulation. EcPKR concentration was significantly increased in RGNNV-infected cells, with highest expression at 36 h post stimulation. EcPKR is mainly present in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of EcPKR in grouper spleen (GS) cells inhibits the transcription of the RGNNV genes. Furthermore, our results show that EcPKR overexpression significantly enhances the immune response of interferon and the activation of interferon-beta (IFN-β), interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Taken together, these results are important for better understanding of the function of PKR in fish and reveal its involvement in host response to immune challenges in RGNNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguang Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaoqing Zang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Chen Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pin Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Hu Z, Du H, Lin G, Han K, Cheng X, Feng Z, Mao H, Hu C. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) PACT induces cell apoptosis and activates NF-кB via PKR. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:377-384. [PMID: 32454210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a dsRNA-dependent and interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR is involved in antiviral immune response and apoptosis mediated by various cytokines. In mammalian cells, PKR can also be activated in the absence of dsRNA. A PKR activator, PACT (PKR activating protein), also referred to as RAX (PKR-associated protein X) plays an important role. In recent years, with the increasing recognition of fish interferon system, PKR and PACT have been gradually revealed in fish. However, the function of fish PACT is unclear. In our previous work, we suggested that grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) PACT must be involved in IRF2 and ATF4-mediated stress response pathways. In the present study, we found that the expression of C. idella PACT (CiPACT) and CiPKR were significantly up-regulated under the stimulation of LPS. It indicated that CiPACT and CiPKR may play an important role in response to LPS stimulation. In addition, the response time of CiPACT to LPS is earlier than that of CiPKR. It has also shown that overexpression of CiPACT in CIK cells can significantly enhance the level of p-eIF2α, induces apoptosis and translocation of Cip65 to nucleus from cytoplasm. To further understand the mechanism, we carried out the co-immunoprecipitation assay. It proved that the interaction of CiPACT and CiPKR made the phosphorylation of CiPKR. Overexpression of CiPACT induced the down-regulation of intracellular expression of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax. However, in CiPKR knocked-down cells the expression of bcl-2 and bax were just the opposite. Therefore, the mechanism of fish PACT induces apoptosis and activates NF-кB is dependent on PKR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Hailing Du
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Gang Lin
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kun Han
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xining Cheng
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhiqing Feng
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Wu C, Zhang Y, Hu C. PKZ, a Fish-Unique eIF2α Kinase Involved in Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585. [PMID: 32296447 PMCID: PMC7137213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PKZ is a novel and unique eIF2α protein kinase identified in fish. Although PKZ is most homologous to PKR, particularly in the C-terminal catalytic domain, it contains two N-terminal Z-DNA-binding domains (Zα1 and Zα2) instead of the dsRNA binding domains (dsRBDs) in PKR. As a novel member of eIF2α kinase family, the available data suggest that PKZ has some distinct mechanisms for recognition, binding, and B-Z DNA transition. Functionally, PKZ seems to be activated by the binding of Zα to Z-DNA and participates in innate immune responses. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on fish PKZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxin Wu
- Department of Natural Sciences, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Wang L, Wu Z, Huang Q, Huang K, Qi G, Wu C, Mao H, Xu X, Wang H, Hu C. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) STAT3 regulates the eIF2α phosphorylation through interaction with PKR. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:26-34. [PMID: 28916266 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) plays an important role in growth, multiplication, differentiation and participates in inflammation, tumorigenesis, metabolic disorders and immune response. STAT3 is a protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Compared to the STAT3 in cell nucleus, we did not know the function of STAT3 in cytoplasm for a long time. Some recent studies have shown that cytoplasmic STAT3 regulates autophagy through the interaction with the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), which plays an important role in cellular antiviral response. Fish is a good target for developmental and comparative immunology. In the present study, we found that the expression of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) STAT3 (CiSTAT3) was ubiquitous and significantly up-regulated under the stimulation of poly I:C. To explore the potential function of fish cytoplasmic STAT3 in the antiviral signaling pathways, in this paper we analyzed the relationship between cytoplasmic CiSTAT3 and CiPKR. We demonstrated that the CiSTAT3 can combine with CiPKR in vivo and in vitro. The SH2 domain of CiSTAT3 and the C-terminus of CiPKR play an important role in this process. Moreover, the dimer of CiSTAT3 and CiPKR was formed under normal circumstances, however, it was dissociated under the induction of poly I:C. So, we guessed the binding of CiSTAT3 and CiPKR may regulate cell viability. It has also been shown that overexpression of CiSTAT3 in CIK cells can significantly reduce the level of p-eIF2α. On the contrary, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of CiSTAT3 and Stattic induction in CIK cells can up-regulate the p-eIF2α level. To further understand the relationship between CiSTAT3 and p-eIF2α level, we carried out the CiPKR-knockdown experiment. The result indicated that CiSTAT3 regulated the level of p-eIF2α through binding to CiPKR. In addition, overexpression of CiSTAT3 in CIK cells was able to improve the cell viability. These results above unraveled the molecular mechanism of fish cytoplasmic STAT3 regulating the eIF2α phosphorylation and cell viability. Therefore, the function of fish cytoplasmic STAT3 is similar to those of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qingli Huang
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Keyi Huang
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guoqin Qi
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chuxin Wu
- Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Poyang Lake Key Laboratory of Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University) Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Wang H, Xu Q, Xu X, Hu Y, Hou Q, Zhu Y, Hu C. Ctenopharyngodon idella IKKβ interacts with PKR and IκBα. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:729-736. [PMID: 28673044 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase β (IKKβ) is a subunit of the IKK complex. It can activate the NF-κB pathway through phosphorylating IκB in response to a wide range of stimuli. In the present study, an IKKβ gene from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella; KT282114) was cloned and identified by homologous cloning and rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The complete CiIKKβ cDNA is 3428 bp in length, with the longest open reading frame (ORF) of 2337 bp encoding a polypeptide of 778 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of CiIKKβ has similar domain distribution to those of mammalian. For example, CiIKKβ consists of a serine/threonine kinase domain at the N-terminal, a basic region leucin zipper (BRLZ) domain in the middle, a homeobox associated leucin zipper (HALZ) domain and an IKKβ NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator) binding domain at the C-terminal. Phylogenetic tree analysis also showed that CiIKKβ is highly homologous to zebrafish IKKβ (DrIKKβ) and clearly distinct from the mammalian and amphibian counterparts. The expression of CiIKKβ was ubiquitously found in the liver, intestine, kidney, gill, spleen, heart, and brain tissues of grass carp and significantly up-regulated in CIK cells under the stimulation with Poly I:C and UV-inactivated grass carp hemorrhagic virus. To investigate the activation mechanism of NF-κB pathway in fish and the role of CiIKKβ in the pathway, we explored the protein interactions of protein kinase R (PKR) with IKKβ and IKKβ with IκBα by co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down assays. The interaction between each pair was confirmed. The results suggest that CiIKKβ may be a primary member in the activation of NF-κB pathway in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yousheng Hu
- Medical College, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Qunhao Hou
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Youlin Zhu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Key Lab of Aquatic Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Poynter SJ, DeWitte-Orr SJ. Fish interferon-stimulated genes: The antiviral effectors. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:218-225. [PMID: 27451256 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are the cornerstone cytokine of innate antiviral immunity. In response to a viral infection, IFN signaling results in the expression of a diverse group of genes known as interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs are responsible for interfering with viral replication and infectivity, helping to limit viral infection within a cell. In mammals, many antiviral effector ISGs have been identified and the antiviral mechanisms are at least partially elucidated. In fish fewer ISGs have been identified and while there is evidence they limit viral infection, almost nothing is known of their respective antiviral mechanisms. This review discusses seven ISGs common to mammals and fish and three ISGs that are unique to fish. The lack of understanding regarding fish ISG's antiviral effector functions is highlighted and draws attention to the need for research in this aspect of aquatic innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Poynter
- Department of Biology, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Stephanie J DeWitte-Orr
- Department of Health Sciences and Biology, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Alvarez-Torres D, Podadera AM, Bejar J, Bandin I, Alonso MC, Garcia-Rosado E. Role of the IFN I system against the VHSV infection in juvenile Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Vet Res 2016; 47:3. [PMID: 26743229 PMCID: PMC4705576 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Senegalese sole is susceptible to marine VHSV isolates but is not affected by freshwater isolates, which may indicate differences regarding virus-host immune system interaction. IFN I induces an antiviral state in fish, stimulating the expression of genes encoding antiviral proteins (ISG). In this study, the stimulation of the Senegalese sole IFN I by VHSV infections has been evaluated by the relative quantification of the transcription of several ISG (Mx, Isg15 and Pkr) after inoculation with marine (pathogenic) and freshwater (non-pathogenic) VHSV isolates. Compared to marine VHSV, lower levels of RNA of the freshwater VHSV induced transcription of ISG to similar levels, with the Isg15 showing the highest fold induction. The protective role of the IFN I system was evaluated in poly I:C-inoculated animals subsequently challenged with VHSV isolates. The cumulative mortality caused by the marine isolate in the control group was 68%, whereas in the poly I:C-stimulated group was 5%. The freshwater VHSV isolate did not cause any mortality. Furthermore, viral RNA fold change and viral titers were lower in animals from the poly I:C + VHSV groups than in the controls. The implication of the IFN I system in the protection observed was confirmed by the transcription of the ISG in animals from the poly I:C + VHSV groups. However, the marine VHSV isolate exerts a negative effect on the ISG transcription at 3 and 6 h post-inoculation (hpi), which is not observed for the freshwater isolate. This difference might be partly responsible for the virulence shown by the marine isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvarez-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain. .,Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Ana M Podadera
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Julia Bejar
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Isabel Bandin
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Alonso
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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Liu D, Mao H, Gu M, Xu X, Sun Z, Lin G, Wang H, Xie D, Hou Q, Wang X, Mi Y, Liu X, Hu C. The transcription regulation analysis of Ctenopharyngodon idellus PKR and PKZ genes. Gene 2016; 576:512-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Thanh NM, Jung H, Lyons RE, Njaci I, Yoon BH, Chand V, Tuan NV, Thu VTM, Mather P. Optimizing de novo transcriptome assembly and extending genomic resources for striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Mar Genomics 2015; 23:87-97. [PMID: 25979246 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a commercially important freshwater fish used in inland aquaculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The culture industry is facing a significant challenge however from saltwater intrusion into many low topographical coastal provinces across the Mekong Delta as a result of predicted climate change impacts. Developing genomic resources for this species can facilitate the production of improved culture lines that can withstand raised salinity conditions, and so we have applied high-throughput Ion Torrent sequencing of transcriptome libraries from six target osmoregulatory organs from striped catfish as a genomic resource for use in future selection strategies. We obtained 12,177,770 reads after trimming and processing with an average length of 97bp. De novo assemblies were generated using CLC Genomic Workbench, Trinity and Velvet/Oases with the best overall contig performance resulting from the CLC assembly. De novo assembly using CLC yielded 66,451 contigs with an average length of 478bp and N50 length of 506bp. A total of 37,969 contigs (57%) possessed significant similarity with proteins in the non-redundant database. Comparative analyses revealed that a significant number of contigs matched sequences reported in other teleost fishes, ranging in similarity from 45.2% with Atlantic cod to 52% with zebrafish. In addition, 28,879 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 55,721 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the striped catfish transcriptome. The sequence collection generated in the current study represents the most comprehensive genomic resource for P. hypophthalmus available to date. Our results illustrate the utility of next-generation sequencing as an efficient tool for constructing a large genomic database for marker development in non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Thanh
- International University - VNU HCMC, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Hyungtaek Jung
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Russell E Lyons
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Isaac Njaci
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Byoung-Ha Yoon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejoen 305-333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vincent Chand
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Nguyen Viet Tuan
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Vo Thi Minh Thu
- International University - VNU HCMC, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Peter Mather
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
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14
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Yang XX, Hou XN, Xu B, Hao X, Jiang GJ, Fan TJ. Cell-penetrating peptide delivery of biologically active oct4 protein into cultured Takifugu rubripes spermary cells. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:1369-1380. [PMID: 25199543 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cell culture of a puffer fish Takifugu rubripes has been established for efficient delivery of exogenous genes or proteins to cultured fish cells. Transcription factor oct4 was chosen for transduction into cultured fish cells because of its conserved structure and function between fish and mammals. In this work, the T. rubripes oct4 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein by introducing cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) poly-arginine (11R) and 6His-tag at the C-terminus. After purification, recombinant proteins were added to the growth medium and incubated with T. rubripes spermary cells. Recombinant proteins that crossed the cell membrane were detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus by western blot and immunofluorescent observation. The function of transduced oct4 as a transcription factor in fish cells was confirmed by driving green fluorescent protein expression in the pEGFP-1 reporter construct with the conserved specific oct4-binding sequence from mouse Mus musculus. Taken together, 11R can be an efficient CPP in delivering fusion proteins to cultured fish cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Yang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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15
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Hu YS, Li W, Li DM, Liu Y, Fan LH, Rao ZC, Lin G, Hu CY. Cloning, expression and functional analysis of PKR from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1874-1881. [PMID: 24084043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is considered as an important component of innate immune system and as a representative effector protein of interferon system. In the present study, PKR gene (CiPKR, JX511974) from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) was isolated and identified using homology-based PCR. CiPKR shares high sequence identity with the counterparts of goldfish (Crucian carp) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). The full-length cDNA of CiPKR was found to be 2436 bp, with an ORF of 2067 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 688 amino acids. The deduced polypeptide CiPKR contains three tandem dsRNA-binding motifs (dsRBMs) at the N-terminus and a conserved Ser/Thr kinase domain at the C-terminus. CiPKR was expressed ubiquitously at a low-level under normal conditions, but it could be up-regulated after intraperitoneal (ip) injection with grass carp haemorrhagic virus (GCHV). CiPKR was dramatically up-regulated at 6 h post-injection and then recovered rapidly to normal levels within 24 h; however, it was obviously up-regulated once again at 48 h or 72 h post-injection. It seemed that CiPKR could respond to GCHV infection in an IFN-independent as well as an IFN-dependent pathway. To further investigate its mechanism of biological actions, we constructed a series of recombinant plasmids including pcDNA3.1/PKR-wt, pcDNA3.1/PKR-K430R, pcDNA3.1/PKR-C (deletion of dsRBD sequence) and pcDNA3.1/PKR-C-K430R, and then each recombinant plasmid was transfected into CIK cells. In comparison with those of controls, a 79% and a 64% decrease of luciferase activities were detected in the tested cells transfected with CiPKR and CiPKR-C, respectively; however, luciferase activities were increased in those cells transfected with PKR-K430R and PKR-C-K430R, with a 160% and 115% up-regulation, respectively. Similarly, MTT colorimetric assay indicated that cell viabilities of CIK cells transfected with pcDNA3.1/PKR-wt, pcDNA3.1/PKR-K430R, pcDNA3.1/PKR-C and pcDNA3.1/PKR-C-K430R were 49%, 90%, 54% and 100%, respectively. Our observations suggested that the expression of CiPKR could be up-regulated following viral infection, and then resulted in the inhibition of protein synthesis and the induction of potential apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sheng Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Medical College, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
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