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Thomas AM, Antony SP. Marine Antimicrobial Peptides: An Emerging Nightmare to the Life-Threatening Pathogens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:552-578. [PMID: 37022565 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens due to improper usage of conventional antibiotics has created a global health crisis. Alternatives to antibiotics being an urgent need, the scientific community is forced to search for new antimicrobials. This exploration has led to the discovery of antimicrobial peptides, a group of small peptides occurring in different phyla such as Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata, as a component of their innate immune system. The marine environment, possessing immense diversity of organisms, is undoubtedly one of the richest sources of unique potential antimicrobial peptides. The distinctiveness of marine antimicrobial peptides lies in their broad-spectrum activity, mechanism of action, less cytotoxicity, and high stability, which form the benchmark for developing a potential therapeutic. This review aims to (1) synthesise the available information on the distinctive antimicrobial peptides discovered from marine organisms, particularly over the last decade, and (2) discuss the distinctiveness of marine antimicrobial peptides and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Maria Thomas
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India.
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2
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Velumani K, Arasu A, Issac PK, Kishore Kumar MS, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Advancements of fish-derived peptides for mucormycosis: a novel strategy to treat diabetic compilation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10485-10507. [PMID: 37917415 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis, an extremely fatal fungal infection, is a major hurdle in the treatment of diabetes consequences. The increasing prevalence and restricted treatment choices urge the investigation of novel therapeutic techniques. Because of their effective antimicrobial characteristics and varied modes of action, fish-derived peptides have lately emerged as viable options in the fight against mucormycosis. This review examines the potential further application of fish-derived peptides in diagnosing and managing mucormycosis in relation to diabetic complications. First, we examine the pathophysiology of mucormycosis and the difficulties in treating it in diabetics. We emphasize the critical need for alternative therapeutic methods for tackling the limitations of currently available antifungal medicines. The possibility of fish-derived peptides as an innovative approach to combat mucormycosis is then investigated. These peptides, derived from several fish species, provide wide antimicrobial properties against a variety of diseases. They also have distinct modes of action, such as rupture of cell membranes, suppression of development, and modification of the host immunological response. Furthermore, we investigate the problems and prospects connected with the clinical application of fish-derived peptides. Ultimately, future advances in fish-derived peptides, offer interesting avenues for the management of mucormycosis in the context of diabetic comorbidities. More research and clinical trials are needed to properly investigate these peptide's therapeutic potential and pave the way for their adoption into future antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadhirmathiyan Velumani
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
| | - Abirami Arasu
- Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India.
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC), Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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3
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Fei Y, Wang Q, Lu J, Ouyang L, Li W, Hu R, Chen L. Identification of antibacterial activity of LEAP2 from Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:905-916. [PMID: 37245215 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a small peptide, which is consisted of signal peptide, pro-peptide and the bioactive mature peptide. Mature LEAP2 is an antibacterial peptide with four highly conserved cysteines forming two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Chionodraco hamatus, an Antarctic notothenioid fish that lives in the coldest water, has white blood unlike most fish of the world. In this study, the LEAP2 coding sequence was cloned from C. hamatus, including a 29 amino acids signal peptide and mature peptide of 46 amino acids. High levels of LEAP2 mRNA were detected in the skin and liver. Mature peptide was obtained by chemical synthesis in vitro, displayed selective antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 showed bactericidal activity by destroying the cell membrane integrity and robustly combined with bacterial genomic DNA. In addition, overexpression of the Tol-LEAP2-EGFP in zebrafish larva showed stronger antimicrobial activity in C. hamatus than in zebrafish, accompanied by lower bacterial load and expression of pro-inflammatory factors. This is the first demonstration of the antimicrobial activity of LEAP2 from C. hamatus, which is of useful value in improving resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Fei
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jigang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyue Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Asensio-Calavia P, González-Acosta S, Otazo-Pérez A, López MR, Morales-delaNuez A, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Teleost Piscidins-In Silico Perspective of Natural Peptide Antibiotics from Marine Sources. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050855. [PMID: 37237758 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, like all other animals, are exposed to constant contact with microbes, both on their skin and on the surfaces of their respiratory and digestive systems. Fish have a system of non-specific immune responses that provides them with initial protection against infection and allows them to survive under normal conditions despite the presence of these potential invaders. However, fish are less protected against invading diseases than other marine vertebrates because their epidermal surface, composed primarily of living cells, lacks the keratinized skin that serves as an efficient natural barrier in other marine vertebrates. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one type of innate immune protection present in all life forms. AMPs have been shown to have a broader range of biological effects than conventional antibiotics, including antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, and antifungal effects. Although other AMPs, such as defensins and hepcidins, are found in all vertebrates and are relatively well conserved, piscidins are found exclusively in Teleost fish and are not found in any other animal. Therefore, there is less information on the expression and bioactivity of piscidins than on other AMPs. Piscidins are highly effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in fish and humans and have the potential to be used as pharmacological anti-infectives in biomedicine and aquaculture. To better understand the potential benefits and limitations of using these peptides as therapeutic agents, we are conducting a comprehensive study of the Teleost piscidins included in the "reviewed" category of the UniProt database using bioinformatics tools. They all have amphipathic alpha-helical structures. The amphipathic architecture of piscidin peptides and positively charged residues influence their antibacterial activity. These alpha-helices are intriguing antimicrobial drugs due to their stability in high-salt and metal environments. New treatments for multidrug-resistant bacteria, cancer, and inflammation may be inspired by piscidin peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Asensio-Calavia
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sergio González-Acosta
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Andrea Otazo-Pérez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel R López
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonio Morales-delaNuez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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5
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Applications of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative to antibiotic use in aquaculture: a mini-review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of antibiotics for the control of infections has not only been banned by FDA for use in food-producing animals, but also several countries have prohibited their use in aquaculture because of several reasons such as the occurrence of antibiotic-tolerant microorganisms, accumulation of antibiotic residues in fish and shrimp flesh, and aquatic environmental effluence concerns. These issues have led researchers and aquaculture scientists to conduct several studies to find antibiotic alternatives. Numerous substitutes have been evaluated, such as probiotics, synbiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, phytogenics, essential oils, and several others. Results show that these supplements demonstrate proven efficacy in enhancing immune responses, reducing mortalities resulting from experimental infections, and reducing antibiotic usage in medicated aquafeed. Nonetheless, using antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to control fish diseases and be used as antibiotic alternatives is a promising and interesting research topic. AMPs are a vital class of small peptides that could stimulate the innate immune system against challenging pathogens and also possess significant potent defensive responses against a variety of infectious and non-infectious pathogenic agents, including bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. Regarding their source origin, AMPs can be classified into six main types: mammalian-, amphibian-, insect-, aquatic-, plant-, and microorganism-derived AMPs. On account of their unique structure, they can display an essential function in therapeutic strategies against infectious diseases affecting fish and shrimp. Reports showed several kinds of AMPs had a wide spectrum of antimicrobial properties. These effects are besides their prominent immunostimulatory functions. Thus, they may be considered a functional alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture. This article provides information on the current knowledge about the modes of action, sources, classification, functions, and potential applications for the development of aquatic animal health. The information included in this context will be valuable to enhance the sustainability of aquaculture.
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Artini M, Imperlini E, Buonocore F, Relucenti M, Porcelli F, Donfrancesco O, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Fiscarelli EV, Papa R, Selan L. Anti-Virulence Potential of a Chionodracine-Derived Peptide against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13494. [PMID: 36362282 PMCID: PMC9657651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing several chronic infections resistant to currently available antibiotics. Its pathogenicity is related to the production of different virulence factors such as biofilm and protease secretion. Pseudomonas communities can persist in biofilms that protect bacterial cells from antibiotics. Hence, there is a need for innovative approaches that are able to counteract these virulence factors, which play a pivotal role, especially in chronic infections. In this context, antimicrobial peptides are emerging drugs showing a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Here, we tested the anti-virulence activity of a chionodracine-derived peptide (KHS-Cnd) on five P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. We demonstrated that KHS-Cnd impaired biofilm development and caused biofilm disaggregation without affecting bacterial viability in nearly all of the tested strains. Ultrastructural morphological analysis showed that the effect of KHS-Cnd on biofilm could be related to a different compactness of the matrix. KHS-Cnd was also able to reduce adhesion to pulmonary cell lines and to impair the invasion of host cells by P. aeruginosa. A cytotoxic effect of KHS-Cnd was observed only at the highest tested concentration. This study highlights the potential of KHS-Cnd as an anti-biofilm and anti-virulence molecule against P. aeruginosa clinical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Imperlini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Michela Relucenti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Porcelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Orlando Donfrancesco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Serna-Duque JA, Cuesta A, Sánchez-Ferrer Á, Esteban MÁ. Two duplicated piscidin genes from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) with different roles in vitro and in vivo. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:730-739. [PMID: 35835383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
From the discovery of pleurocidin in skin mucus of winter flounder, many new related sequences have been found, forming a fish-exclusive family of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) called piscidin. Their mature peptides have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and can be involved in the innate immune response. In the present work, two paralogous tripartite piscidin genes are formally described for the first time in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), an important marine farmed fish. Gene synteny and protein phylogeny clearly indicated a massive pisc gene expansion in a cluster of the chromosome 22 as well as a special evolution of piscidin in gilthead seabream compared to the rest of piscidins studied in other fish species. Despite being highly similar genes, they show totally different expression patterns in tissues and head-kidney leucocytes under both naïve and Vibrio/nodavirus-stimulated conditions. Moreover, these paralogous genes coded very different proteins according to their physicochemical properties. In this way, these piscidin genes have distinct roles not only related to their microbicide activity but also to their immune modulation. In addition, the present study improves the knowledge of duplication of AMP genes and adaptative diversification of teleost immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon A Serna-Duque
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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SILVA MAURÍCIOB, FEITOSA ALEXYAO, LIMA IGORG, BISPO JAMESR, SANTOS ANACAROLINEM, MOREIRA MAGNAS, CÂMARA PAULOE, ROSA LUIZHENRIQUE, OLIVEIRA VALÉRIAM, DUARTE ALYSSONW, QUEIROZ ALINEC. Antarctic organisms as a source of antimicrobial compounds: a patent review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210840. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - ALINE C. QUEIROZ
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil
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Jin Y, Mao Y, Niu SF, Pan Y, Zheng WH, Wang J. Molecular characterisation and biological activity of an antiparasitic peptide from Sciaenops ocellatus and its immune response to Cryptocaryon irritans. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:1-12. [PMID: 34781186 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans, a holotrichous ciliate parasitic protozoan, can trigger marine white spot disease and cause substantial economic losses in mariculture. However, methods of preventing and curing the disease have negatively affect fish, human, other organisms, and the natural environment. The antiparasitic activity of some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has garnered extensive attention of scholars. In this study, we identified and characterised a novel antiparasitic peptide, named So-pis, from Sciaenops ocellatus. The sequence analysis, structural features, and tissue distribution suggested that So-pis is genetically related to the piscidins family. However, So-pis showed a relatively low overall conservation compared with other known piscidins. So-pis is abound in glycine residues (22.7 %) and it has a neutral isoelectric point, weak amphipathicity, relatively long α-helix, and high hydrophobicity. These key elements are responsible for its biological activity. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data indicated that So-pis is a typically gill-expressed peptide. The expression of So-pis in the gill, skin, spleen, and head kidney could be regulated during C. irritans infection, thereby implicating a role of So-pis in immune defence against C. irritans. The synthetic So-pis had limited or no antimicrobial activity against bacterial and yeasts but exhibited potent antiparasitic activity against C. irritans in vitro. The activity of synthetic So-pis against erythrocytes was less potent than its antiparasitic activity against C. irritans. These results indicated that So-pis might be one of the crucial defence cytokines against C. irritans in the red drum. Cumulatively, our data suggested that So-pis might be a potential candidate for developing a novel, effective, and safe therapeutic agent against marine white spot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China
| | - Su-Fang Niu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China
| | - Wei-Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian, 352103, China.
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10
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Identification of Antimicrobial Peptide Genes in Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii and Their Responsive Mechanisms to Edwardsiella tarda Infection. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101015. [PMID: 34681113 PMCID: PMC8533284 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, is a typical viviparous teleost, which belongs to the family Scorpaenidae. Due to its high economic and ecological values, S. schlegelii has been widely cultured in East Asian countries. With the enlargement of cultivation scale, bacterial and viral diseases have become the main threats to the farming industry of S. schlegelii, which have resulted in significant economic losses. In this study, Illumina shotgun sequencing, single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, 10× genomics and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies were collectively applied to assemble the genome of S. schlegelii. Then, we identified the antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs) in the S. schlegelii genome. In total, 214 AMPs were identified in the S. schlegelii genome, which can be divided into 33 classes according to the annotation and cataloging of the Antimicrobial Peptides Database (APD3). Among these AMPs, thrombin-derived C-terminal peptide (TCP) was the dominant type, followed by RegIIIgamma and chemokine. The amino acid sequences of the TCP, cgUbiquitin, RegIIIalpha, RegIIIgamma, chemokine shared 32.55%, 42.63%, 29.87%, 28.09%, and 32.15% similarities among the same type in S. schlegelii. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of these AMPs in nine healthy tissues and at different infection time points in intestine were investigated. The results showed that the numbers and types of AMPs that responded to Edwardsiella tarda infection gradually increased as the infection progressed. In addition, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of hepcidins in teleost. The identification of AMPs based on the whole genome could provide a comprehensive database of potential AMPs, and benefit for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune responses to E. tarda infection in S. schlegelii. This would further offer insights into an accurate and effective design and development of AMP for aquaculture therapy in the future.
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11
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Zheng LB, Hong YQ, Sun KH, Wang J, Hong YJ. Characteristics delineation of piscidin 5 like from Larimichthys crocea with evidence for the potent antiparasitic activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103778. [PMID: 32710907 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several researches reported that piscidin members of teleosts owned strong antiparasitic activity. Cryptocaryon irritans, a type of ectoparasite, could infect most of the marine teleosts. Larimichthys crocea could severely suffer from marine white spot disease caused by C. irritans, and their mortality rate was significantly high. Concentrating on this problem, we have done many related works. Piscidin 5 like (termed Lc-P5L) was another piscidin member isolated from a comparative transcriptome of C. irritans-immuned L. crocea. In the paper, quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed Lc-P5L was upregulated in examined tissues, including gill, head kidney, muscle, liver, spleen and intestine after challenged by C. irritans, the significant upregulation time was in accordance to key developmental stages of C. irritans, which implied different infection stages could result in host immune response. Furthermore, using microscope techniques, we observed theronts or trophonts became weakly motile, cilia became detached, cells were out of shape, membranes eventually lysed in different cell positions and cytoplasmic contents leaked. Laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM) observed theronts macronucleus grew swell and depolymerized after treated by recombinant Lc-P5L (rLc-P5L). Data suggested rLc-P5L was significantly lethal to C. irritans, and the death state of the parasite incubated with rLc-P5L was remarkably similar to other piscidin members or other antiparasitic peptides (APPs). Thus, these data provided new insights into L. crocea immunity against C. irritans and potential of rLc-P5L as a therapeutic agent against pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bing Zheng
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China.
| | - Yue-Qun Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China
| | - Kai-Hui Sun
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China.
| | - Yu-Jian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China.
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12
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Zheng L, Qiu J, Liu H, Shi H, Chi C, Pan Y. Molecular characterization and antiparasitic activity analysis of a novel piscidin 5-like type 4 from Larimichthys crocea. Mol Immunol 2020; 129:12-20. [PMID: 33254075 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate parasitic ciliate protozoan that can infect various commercially important mariculture teleosts and cause high lethality and economic loss, especially Larimichthys crocea. Current methods of controlling or preventing this parasite with chemicals or antibiotics are widely considered to be environmentally harmful. The antiparasitic activity of some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) attracted extensive attention of scholars. In the study, a novel piscidin 5-like type 4 (termed Lc-P5L4) excavated from comparative transcriptome of C. irritans - immuned L. crocea was identified and characterized. Sequence analysis shows the full-length cDNA of Lc-P5L4 is 539 bp containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 198 bp which encodes a peptide of 65 amino acid residues. The genome consists of three exons and two introns which exist in its ORF, and all the exon-intron boundaries are in accordance with classical GT-AG rule (GT/intron/AG). Multiple alignments indicate the signal peptides share highly conserved identity, while mature peptides are more diverse. Phylogenetic analysis displays Lc-P5L4 clusters together with other members of piscidin 5-like family. Next, quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) detection found C. irritans infection could upregulate Lc-P5L4 expression level in all tested tissues significantly, it appeared earliest upregulation in the theronts infection stage in the head kidney; the expression contents reached to maximum level in the intestine, gill and muscle during trophonts falling off stage; while it was just upregulated during secondary bacterial infection stage in the liver and spleen. The data showed Lc-P5L4 upregulation time points were in accordance with different infection stages. With recombinant Lc-P5L4 (rLc-P5L4) obtained through Escherichia coli system, in vitro assay showed rLc-P5L4 could cause cilia deactivation, cell bodiesclumping and sticking to each other, then cell membrane rupture and contents leakage. The data illustrated Lc-P5L4 played critical roles in the immune defense against C. irritans infection, and provided another proof that piscidins exhibit multiple anti- C. irritans features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Zheng
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jiayin Qiu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China
| | - Huilai Shi
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, 316022, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, 316022, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co., Ltd, 352103, Fujian, China
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13
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Mahrous KF, Aboelenin MM, Abd El-Kader HAM, Mabrouk DM, Gaafar AY, Younes AM, Mahmoud MA, Khalil WKB, Hassanane MS. Piscidin 4: Genetic expression and comparative immunolocalization in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following challenge using different local bacterial strains. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 112:103777. [PMID: 32634526 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) was determined in vitro against four bacterial strains, Aeromonas hydrophilla, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio anguillarum. Nile tilapia were infected with low and high doses of the tested pathogens; after 3, 6, 24 h and 7 days of the specific TP4 gene expression, tissue immunolocalization was also performed. Histopathological examination revealed septicaemia and necrosis of hemopoietic tissue for all of the tested bacteria. Immunolocalization showed abundance in S. iniae-infected fish tissues. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that high doses raised mRNA expression levels compared to low doses and expression levels increased in the infected fish, particularly after 24 h, indicating that TP4 exerts potent bactericidal activity against some fish pathogens and plays an essential role in fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamad M Aboelenin
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba A M Abd El-Kader
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Dalia M Mabrouk
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Alkhateib Y Gaafar
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abdelgayed M Younes
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Hassanane
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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14
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Mahrous KF, Mabrouk DM, Aboelenin MM, Abd El-Kader HAM, Gaafar AY, Younes AM, Mahmoud MA, Khalil WKB, Hassanane MS. Molecular characterization and immunohistochemical localization of tilapia piscidin 3 in response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3280. [PMID: 32812302 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of tilapia piscidin 3 (TP3) was determined in vitro against a locally isolated Aeromonas hydrophila. A 388 bp fragment was amplified from the TP3 cDNA and sequenced. The coding sequence (CDS) of TP3 was estimated to be 231 bp codes for 76 amino acids long and stop codon. In silico analysis was performed to detect both the signal peptide and the prodomain cleavage sites to follow the amino acids number 22 and 70, respectively. Based on this, a peptide 23 amino acids long with a remarkably high computed antimicrobial probability was synthesized and used in the subsequent experiments. The antimicrobial activity of TP3 was determined with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minim um bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. TP3 exhibited relatively weak antimicrobial activities against the tested bacteria. A challenge experiment was then performed in Nile tilapia with low and high doses of A. hydrophila, followed by timely recognition; after 3, 6, 24 h, and 7 days of the specific TP3 gene expression, immunohistochemical localization was also performed. Histopathological examination revealed provoked inflammatory responses and congestion in the same organs of TP3 expression. Immunohistochemical localization showed that A. hydrophila induced tilapia fish to express TP3 after 24 h within the gills, intestine, hepatopancreas, spleen, and posterior kidney. In quantitative real time (RT)-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the high dose showed higher mRNA expression levels than the low dose, and its expression levels increased in the A. hydrophila-infected fish. It was therefore concluded that TP3 plays an essential role in fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Mabrouk
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamad M Aboelenin
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba A M Abd El-Kader
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Alkhateib Y Gaafar
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelgayed M Younes
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hassanane
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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15
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Mercer DK, Torres MDT, Duay SS, Lovie E, Simpson L, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, de la Fuente-Nunez C, O'Neil DA, Angeles-Boza AM. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides to Better Predict Efficacy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:326. [PMID: 32733816 PMCID: PMC7358464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) as potential therapeutics, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) stands as an essential part of the process in identification and optimisation of candidate AMP. Standard methods for AST, developed almost 60 years ago for testing conventional antibiotics, are not necessarily fit for purpose when it comes to determining the susceptibility of microorganisms to AMP. Without careful consideration of the parameters comprising AST there is a risk of failing to identify novel antimicrobials at a time when antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is leading the planet toward a post-antibiotic era. More physiologically/clinically relevant AST will allow better determination of the preclinical activity of drug candidates and allow the identification of lead compounds. An important consideration is the efficacy of AMP in biological matrices replicating sites of infection, e.g., blood/plasma/serum, lung bronchiolar lavage fluid/sputum, urine, biofilms, etc., as this will likely be more predictive of clinical efficacy. Additionally, specific AST for different target microorganisms may help to better predict efficacy of AMP in specific infections. In this manuscript, we describe what we believe are the key considerations for AST of AMP and hope that this information can better guide the preclinical development of AMP toward becoming a new generation of urgently needed antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Searle S. Duay
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Emma Lovie
- NovaBiotics Ltd, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Alfredo M. Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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16
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Barroso C, Carvalho P, Carvalho C, Santarém N, Gonçalves JFM, Rodrigues PNS, Neves JV. The Diverse Piscidin Repertoire of the European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax): Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134613. [PMID: 32610543 PMCID: PMC7369796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish rely on their innate immune responses to cope with the challenging aquatic environment, with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) being one of the first line of defenses. Piscidins are a group of fish specific AMPs isolated in several species. However, in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrax), the piscidin family remains poorly understood. We identified six different piscidins in sea bass, performed an in-depth molecular characterization and evaluated their antimicrobial activities against several bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Sea bass piscidins present variable amino acid sequences and antimicrobial activities, and can be divided in different sub groups: group 1, formed by piscidins 1 and 4; group 2, constituted by piscidins 2 and 5, and group 3, formed by piscidins 6 and 7. Additionally, we demonstrate that piscidins 1 to 5 possess a broad effect on multiple microorganisms, including mammalian parasites, while piscidins 6 and 7 have poor antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. These results raise questions on the functions of these peptides, particularly piscidins 6 and 7. Considering their limited antimicrobial activity, these piscidins might have other functional roles, but further studies are necessary to better understand what roles might those be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Barroso
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.C.); (N.S.); (P.N.S.R.); (J.V.N.)
- Iron and Innate Immunity, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Carvalho
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.C.); (J.F.M.G.)
| | - Carla Carvalho
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.C.); (N.S.); (P.N.S.R.); (J.V.N.)
- Parasite Disease, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Santarém
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.C.); (N.S.); (P.N.S.R.); (J.V.N.)
- Parasite Disease, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José F. M. Gonçalves
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.C.); (J.F.M.G.)
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N. S. Rodrigues
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.C.); (N.S.); (P.N.S.R.); (J.V.N.)
- Iron and Innate Immunity, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.C.); (J.F.M.G.)
| | - João V. Neves
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.C.); (N.S.); (P.N.S.R.); (J.V.N.)
- Iron and Innate Immunity, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.C.); (J.F.M.G.)
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17
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Borocci S, Della Pelle G, Ceccacci F, Olivieri C, Buonocore F, Porcelli F. Structural Analysis and Design of Chionodracine-Derived Peptides Using Circular Dichroism and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1401. [PMID: 32092980 PMCID: PMC7073106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have been identified as one of the alternatives to the extensive use of common antibiotics as they show a broad spectrum of activity against human pathogens. Among these is Chionodracine (Cnd), a host-defense peptide isolated from the Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus, which belongs to the family of Piscidins. Previously, we demonstrated that Cnd and its analogs display high antimicrobial activity against ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species). Herein, we investigate the interactions with lipid membranes of Cnd and two analogs, Cnd-m3 and Cnd-m3a, showing enhanced potency. Using a combination of Circular Dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, we determined the structural basis for the different activity among these peptides. We show that all peptides are predominantly unstructured in water and fold, preferentially as α-helices, in the presence of lipid vesicles of various compositions. Through a series of MD simulations of 400 ns time scale, we show the effect of mutations on the structure and lipid interactions of Cnd and its analogs. By explaining the structural basis for the activity of these analogs, our findings provide structural templates to design minimalistic peptides for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Borocci
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.B.); (G.D.P.); (F.B.)
- CNR—Institute for Biological Systems, Via Salaria, Km 29.500, 00015 Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Della Pelle
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.B.); (G.D.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- CNR—Institute for Biological Systems, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Olivieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.B.); (G.D.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Fernando Porcelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.B.); (G.D.P.); (F.B.)
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18
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An insight into piscidins: The discovery, modulation and bioactivity of greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, piscidin. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:378-388. [PMID: 31450183 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in the innate immune response of vertebrates by creating a hostile environment for any invading pathogens. Piscidins are potent teleost specific AMPs, which have a broad spectrum activity. We have identified a novel piscidin active peptide, in the greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, that consists of 25 aa, which forms an amphipathic helix with distinct hydrophobic and positively charged regions. Following homology and phylogenetic analysis the greater amberjack piscidin was deemed to belong to the group 3 family of piscidins. Piscidin was expressed constitutively at immune sites, with transcript level highest in the spleen and gut, at an intermediate level in the gills and lowest in the head kidney. Following in vivo stimulation with PAMPs (poly I:C, LPS and flagellin) piscidin transcript level increased in gills in response to flagellin, in gut and spleen in response to poly I:C, and in head kidney in response to poly I:C, LPS and flagellin. Head kidney and spleen cells were then isolated from greater amberjack and incubated with each of the PAMPs for 4, 12 and 24 h. Piscidin expression was unchanged at 4 and 12 h post PAMP stimulation in head kidney cells but at 24 h transcript level was markedly upregulated compared to control (unstimulated) cells, especially with the bacterial PAMPs. In contrast, spleen cells upregulated piscidin expression by 4 h post stimulation with poly I:C and flagellin, and remained upregulated to 24 h with flagellin exposure, but had returned to baseline levels by 12 h using poly I:C. To determine if piscidin expression could be modulated by diet, greater amberjack were fed diets supplemented with MOS and cMOS for 30 days when transcript level was determined. It was found that MOS supplemented diets increased expression in the spleen, cMOS supplemented diets upregulated transcript levels in the gills and head kidney, whilst a diet containing both MOS and cMOS upregulated transcript in the gut, when compared to fish fed the control diet. Finally, a synthetic greater amberjack piscidin was produced and showed bacteriostatic activity against a number of bacterial strains, including both Gram positive and Gram negative fish pathogens.
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19
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Buonocore F, Picchietti S, Porcelli F, Della Pelle G, Olivieri C, Poerio E, Bugli F, Menchinelli G, Sanguinetti M, Bresciani A, Gennari N, Taddei AR, Fausto AM, Scapigliati G. Fish-derived antimicrobial peptides: Activity of a chionodracine mutant against bacterial models and human bacterial pathogens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 96:9-17. [PMID: 30790604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics is an urgent problem that can be addressed by the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are components of innate immune system of eukaryotes and are not prone to the conventional mechanisms that are responsible of drug resistance. Fish are an important source of AMPs and, recently, we have isolated and characterized a new 22 amino acid residues peptide, the chionodracine (Cnd), from the Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus. In this paper we focused on a new Cnd-derived mutant peptide, namely Cnd-m3a, designed to improve the selectivity against prokaryotic cells and the antimicrobial activity against human pathogens of the initial Cnd template. Cnd-m3a was used for immunization of rabbits, which gave rise to a polyclonal antibody able to detect the peptide. The interaction kinetic of Cnd-m3a with the Antarctic bacterium Psychrobacter sp. (TAD1) was imaged using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) immunogold method. Initially the peptide was associated with the plasma membrane, but after 180 min of incubation, it was found in the cytoplasm interacting with a DNA target inside the bacterial cells. Using fluorescent probes we showed that the newly designed mutant can create pores in the outer membrane of the bacteria E. coli and Psychrobacter sp. (TAD1), confirming the results of TEM analysis. Moreover, in vitro assays demonstrated that Cnd-m3a is able to bind lipid vesicles of different compositions with a preference toward negatively charged ones, which mimics the prokaryotic cell. The Cnd-m3a peptide showed quite low hemolytic activity and weak cytotoxic effect against human primary and tumor cell lines, but high antimicrobial activity against selected Gram - human pathogens. These results highlighted the high potential of the Cnd-m3a peptide as a starting point for developing a new human therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Fernando Porcelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Giulia Della Pelle
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Cristina Olivieri
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
| | - Elia Poerio
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Menchinelli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Rome, Italy; Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Nadia Gennari
- IRBM Science Park SpA, Biology Department, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Taddei
- Center of Large Equipments, Section of Electron Microscopy, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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20
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Huang X, Hu B, Yang X, Gong L, Tan J, Deng L. The putative mature peptide of piscidin-1 modulates global transcriptional profile and proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1035-1043. [PMID: 30592965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Piscidins are important components in protecting microbial infections in teleost. The present study purified and identified a truncated peptide, whose sequence was very close to that of putative mature peptide of epinecidin-1 (piscidin-1) in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), Epi-1 (also named as short form of ecPis-1, ecPis-1S). The immunomodulatory effects of ecPis-1S on splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper were explored in vitro. The transcriptome study was carried out by De novo transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper. Regarding the profiles of gene expressions, 2994 genes were up-regulated and 2679 genes were down-regulated in the splenic lymphocytes stimulated by ecPis-1S. In the case of differential expression genes, 330 genes were involved in immune related pathways. Among them, 34 genes were involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway, 31 genes in natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and 23 genes in leukocyte transendothelial migration, respectively. Immune-related genes selected for qRT-PCR verification, such as interleukin-1β (il-1b), tumor necrosis factor α (tnfa), T cell antigen receptor (tcr), major histocompatibility complex class I (mhc I), and mhc II were significantly up-regulated by ecPis-1S (p < 0.05). ecPis-1S could significantly enhance the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper in vitro (p < 0.05). In addition, the result of qRT-PCR revealed that ecPis-1S also significantly up-regulated cell cycle-related genes, including cyclin A (cyca), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), cdk4, cell division cycle protein 6 (cdc6), and transforming growth factor β (tgfb) (p < 0.05), which suggested that ecPis-1S promoted the proliferation of lymphocytes by activating cell division cycle. In conclusion, the results indicated that the mature peptide of piscidin-1 in orange-spotted grouper could act as immune modulator and play an important role in regulation of the immune response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazi Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Bochao Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Licai Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
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Kumaresan V, Pasupuleti M, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Arockiaraj J. Gene profiling of antimicrobial peptides, complement factors and MHC molecules from the skin transcriptome of Channa striatus and its expression pattern during Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:48-55. [PMID: 30261299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Channa striatus is one of the economically important freshwater fish with high demand in Southeast Asia for its nutritional and medicinal values. The unique composition of skin mucus of murrel provides immunity against pathogens; however, they are susceptible to few bacterial pathogens especially Aeromonas hydrophila. Although few immune molecules such as antimicrobial peptides have already been identified from the murrel mucus, there is no report on the complete gene profile of the skin and mucosal immunity. Therefore, in this study we applied transcriptome approach to identify the mRNA sequences of various immune molecules such as antimicrobial peptides, complement factors and adaptive immune molecules from the skin tissue. Transcriptome wide search revealed unique mRNA sequences of 13 antimicrobial peptides, 11 complement components, 2 major histocompatibility complex proteins and its receptor, 6 butyrophilins, 2 leptins and its receptor. Brief bioinformatics analysis of the identified mRNA sequences and their respective putative protein sequences were performed to understand molecular information of those immune components. Further, we analysed the differential expression pattern of selected 13 mRNA sequences representing each immune group using qRT-PCR technique which highlighted the role of those genes during A. hydrophila challenge. Overall, this study revealed the complex immune response of murrel skin and the involvement of various innate and adaptive immune molecules against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zheng LB, Mao Y, Wang J, Chen RN, Su YQ, Hong YQ, Hong YJ, Hong YC. Excavating differentially expressed antimicrobial peptides from transcriptome of Larimichthys crocea liver in response to Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:109-114. [PMID: 29408708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Larimichthys crocea, the special marine economy fish, owns the largest annual yield for a single species in China. One of the most significant factors affecting large yellow croaker culture is the diseases, especially the threat of marine white spot disease which caused by a protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been demonstrated to be active against bacterium, fungi and parasites, showing their potential usefulness in aquaculture as substitutes for antibiotics. Many researches have been carried out about the AMPs concentrating on the activity resist on C. irritans, and piscidin-like of L. crocea owning widely antibacterial spectrum and strong activity against C. irritans was screened in our team. In the paper, taking advantage of the large yellow croaker hepatic comparison transcriptome in response to C. irritans at 3d post infection, seven kinds of AMPs have been excavated from the differently expressed genes, including LEAP2 like, LEAP-2A, hepcidin, hepcidin-like, piscidin-5-like, piscidin-5-like type 4 and bactericidal permeability increasing protein (BPI). Hepcidin, hepcidin-like, piscidin-5-like, piscidin-5-like type4 and BPI were up-regulated to protect large yellow croaker from being damaged by C. irritans infection; while LEAP2 like and LEAP-2A were down-regulated, they might be as a negative-feedback regulation factor or some other regulatory mechanisms to adjust the immune response in the process of C. irritans infection. The differential expression changes were verified with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to illustrate the reliability of the sequenced data. Hearteningly, piscidin-5-like type 4 was a novel type which was high similar to other piscidin-5-like types. Interestingly, the infection may well cause alternative splicing of LEAP-2A mRNA, which was a surprised phenomenon and finding after C. irritans infection, but more further study was needed to be conducted. Therefore, the data showed that these AMPs were involved in the immune response to the C. irritans infection. In all, these results implied that the immune response of AMPs to C. irritans infection was a complex and sophisticated regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Ruan-Ni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong-Quan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China.
| | - Yue-Qun Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Yu-Jian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Yu-Cong Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
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Muncaster S, Kraakman K, Gibbons O, Mensink K, Forlenza M, Jacobson G, Bird S. Antimicrobial peptides within the Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:67-80. [PMID: 28433529 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of Seriola species are currently farmed or being investigated as future aquaculture species in countries around the world. However they face a number of issues and limitations which will need to be overcome to ensure future stability and growth, one of which are disease outbreaks. Despite this, very little has been done to understand the immune system of Seriola species and very few immune genes have been characterised. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are naturally occurring low molecular weight polypeptides that play a major role in an organism's immune system and act effectively as a first line of defence. This investigation isolates the full length cDNA sequences of two AMP's, piscidin and hepcidin from the yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). The full-length cDNA of the piscidin gene encodes a 65 amino acid prepropeptide, containing a 25-residue peptide, predicted to form an amphipathic helix-loop-helix structure. Phylogenetic analysis using fish piscidin sequences, showed that this AMP is only found in bony fish within the Acanthomorpha clade and that a possible three groups within the piscidin family exists, with S. lalandi belonging to a particular group. The full-length cDNA of the hepcidin gene encodes a 90 amino acid preprohepcidin, which contains a typical RX(R/K)R motif for cleavage of the mature peptide which comprises of eight conserved cysteine residues. Phylogenetic analysis of known vertebrate hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (HAMP) sequences, shows sequences from the Neoteleostei clade of bony fish form two very separate groups, HAMP1 and HAMP2, with the S. lalandi hepcidin gene grouped with the HAMP1 sequences. HAMP2 sequences are found to have multiple copies within fish and genome analysis showed very clearly that these two groups of genes are located on separate regions on the genome, with the multiple HAMP2 copies formed from tandem gene duplications. Lastly, using qPCR the expression of the S. lalandi piscidin gene within healthy fish was highest within, spleen and gills and lowest in liver, whereas hepcidin was highest in the liver with little or no expression in the spleen and gills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Muncaster
- Marine and Environmental Group, School of Applied Science, Bay of Plenty Polytechnic, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Kirsty Kraakman
- Molecular Genetics, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Olivia Gibbons
- Molecular Genetics, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Koen Mensink
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Jacobson
- Molecular Genetics, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Steve Bird
- Molecular Genetics, School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
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Semreen MH, El-Gamal MI, Abdin S, Alkhazraji H, Kamal L, Hammad S, El-Awady F, Waleed D, Kourbaj L. Recent updates of marine antimicrobial peptides. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:396-409. [PMID: 29556131 PMCID: PMC5856950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are group of proteins showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that have been known to be powerful agents against a variety of pathogens. This class of compounds contributed to solving the microbial resistance dilemma that limited the use of many potent antimicrobial agents. The marine environment is known to be one of the richest sources for antimicrobial peptides, yet this environment is not fully explored. Hence, the scientific research attention should be directed toward the marine ecosystem as enormous amount of useful discoveries could be brought to the forefront. In the current article, the marine antimicrobial peptides reported from mid 2012 to 2017 have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shifaa Abdin
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hajar Alkhazraji
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leena Kamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Hammad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faten El-Awady
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dima Waleed
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Layal Kourbaj
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Olivieri C, Bugli F, Menchinelli G, Veglia G, Buonocore F, Scapigliati G, Stocchi V, Ceccacci F, Papi M, Sanguinetti M, Porcelli F. Design and characterization of chionodracine-derived antimicrobial peptides with enhanced activity against drug-resistant human pathogens. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41331-41346. [PMID: 35559296 PMCID: PMC9091591 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of new chionodracine-derived peptides with potent activity against drug-resistant human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Olivieri
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | - Francesca Bugli
- Microbiology Institute
- Catholic University of Sacred Heart
- Rome
- Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- 55455 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Valentina Stocchi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- CNR – Institute of Chemical Methodologies
- Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione UOS of Rome
- Rome
- Italy
| | | | | | - Fernando Porcelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems
- University of Tuscia
- 01100 Viterbo
- Italy
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Characterization of Two Antimicrobial Peptides from Antarctic Fishes (Notothenia coriiceps and Parachaenichthys charcoti). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170821. [PMID: 28122029 PMCID: PMC5266299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with similarity to moronecidin in Antarctic fishes. The characteristics of both AMPs were determined using moronecidin as a control. Moronecidin, which was first isolated from hybrid striped bass, is highly salt-resistant, and possesses broad-spectrum activity against various microbes. The moronecidin-like peptide from Notothenia coriiceps exhibited a narrower spectrum of activity and a higher salt sensitivity than moronecidin. The AMP from Parachaenichthys charcoti exhibited similar antimicrobial activity to moronecidin, and similar salt sensitivity. In an experiment to identify toxic effects, both of the moronecidin-like peptides from the Antarctic fishes exhibited lower hemolytic activity than moronecidin. In spite of its low toxicity, the AMP from N. coriiceps is unlikely to be considered as a candidate for antibiotic development, owing to its narrow spectrum of activity and high salt sensitivity. In contrast, the high salt resistance and broad-spectrum activity of the AMP from P. charcoti could be more advantageous for clinical use than moronecidin, since it could kill bacteria under physiological conditions with low toxicity. A further comparison of these two AMPs from Antarctic fishes with other AMPs could help to reduce the toxicity of AMPs for clinical use.
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27
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Yang J, Lu XJ, Chai FC, Chen J. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a piscidin gene in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Zool Res 2016; 37:347-355. [PMID: 28105799 PMCID: PMC5359322 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.6.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The piscidin family, which includes potent antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum activity, plays an important role in the innate immune system of fish. In this study, we cloned piscidin-5-like type 3 (Lcpis5lt3) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Multiple alignments with other known piscidins revealed amino acid conservation throughout the fish, especially at the signal peptide (22 amino acids). The phylogenetic tree confirmed that Lcpis5lt3 and large yellow croaker piscidin-5-like proteins were grouped together to form a branch. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Lcpis5lt3 was expressed in a wide range of tissues, including the brain, muscle, gill, head kidney, intestine, kidney, liver, and spleen. The highest mRNA expression level of Lcpis5lt3 was found in the spleen. After Vibrio alginolyticus infection, mRNA expression was rapidly upregulated in the liver, head kidney, gill, kidney, and intestine at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post infection (hpi), whereas there were no significant changes in the spleen. The antimicrobial spectrum showed that the synthetic mature peptide of Lcpis5lt3 exhibited different activity in vitro against various bacteria, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, survival rates from the in vivo assay indicated that the synthetic peptide of Lcpis5lt3 increased the survival rate of large yellow croaker after V. alginolyticus challenge, resulting in a decline in bacterial burden and mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. These data suggest that Lcpis5lt3 plays an important role in innate immunity in large yellow croaker and might represent a potential therapeutic agent against pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fang-Chao Chai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Chen L, Zhang D. Complete mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic crocodile icefish, Chionodraco hamatus (Perciformes: Channichthyidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:138-139. [PMID: 33644332 PMCID: PMC7871858 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1144098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus is an ideal model for studying cold adaptation mechanisms. The complete mitochondrial genome of C. hamatus was sequenced in this study. The genome sequence is 17 373 bp in length, which comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and a control region. The overall base composition is A: 26.25%, T: 26.05%, G: 17.49% and C: 30.21%, with an A:T content of 52.3%. The phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of all the genes and control region supported a relatively close relationship with Parachaenichthys. charcoti. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence will be useful for evolutionary and functional studies of Antarctic Notothenioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
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Umasuthan N, Mothishri MS, Thulasitha WS, Nam BH, Lee J. Molecular, genomic, and expressional delineation of a piscidin from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) with evidence for the potent antimicrobial activities of Of-Pis1 peptide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:154-168. [PMID: 26549174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The piscidin family comprises a group of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are vital components of teleost innate immunity. Piscidins protect the host from pathogens, through multifaceted roles as immunomodulators and anti-infective peptides. The present study reports the identification, and characterization of a putative piscidin homolog, Of-Pis1, from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). A combined genomic and transcriptomic approach revealed that the Of-Pis1 gene comprises 1396 nucleotides (nt), four exons, and three introns. The cDNA with the 213 nt open reading frame encoded a 70-amino acid preprotein consisting of a signal peptide, a mature peptide, and a prodomain. Predicted mature Of-Pis1 was assumed to be a membrane-active AMP, based on the prediction of an amphipathic α-helical conformation with a net charge of +4. In addition, Of-Pis1 demonstrated significant similarities with other piscidin family members in terms of gene structure, sequence homology, and evolutionary relationship. Examination by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of basal transcription of Of-Pis1 in the tissues of naïve rock bream, revealed predominant transcript levels in the gills, followed by the spleen, intestine, skin, and head kidney. In gill tissues, the temporally induced mRNA expression of Of-Pis1, upon in vivo injection trials with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C); and pathogens, including Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, and rock bream iridovirus (RBIV), was weak. In contrast, in vivo flagellin administration led to a robust upregulation of Of-Pis1 in different tissues. Antimicrobial potency was determined by employing recombinant (rOf-Pis1), and synthetic (pOf-Pis1) peptides, in in vitro assays. Recombinant overexpression inhibited the growth of bacteria expressing the rOf-Pis1 protein in a growth delay assay. The broad antimicrobial spectrum of pOf-Pis1 was evidenced by its potent activity against an array of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and parasitic species. In addition, pOf-Pis1 showed no significant hemolytic toxicity against human erythrocytes. Collectively, the data presented in the current study improve our understanding of the piscidin AMP family, and the contribution of Of-Pis1 to the rock bream immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Mothishri
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Katzenback BA. Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Innate Immunity in Teleosts. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:607-39. [PMID: 26426065 PMCID: PMC4690011 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been identified throughout the metazoa suggesting their evolutionarily conserved nature and their presence in teleosts is no exception. AMPs are short (18–46 amino acids), usually cationic, amphipathic peptides. While AMPs are diverse in amino acid sequence, with no two AMPs being identical, they collectively appear to have conserved functions in the innate immunity of animals towards the pathogens they encounter in their environment. Fish AMPs are upregulated in response to pathogens and appear to have direct broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity towards both human and fish pathogens. However, an emerging role for AMPs as immunomodulatory molecules has become apparent—the ability of AMPs to activate the innate immune system sheds light onto the multifaceted capacity of these small peptides to combat pathogens through direct and indirect means. Herein, this review focuses on the role of teleost AMPs as modulators of the innate immune system and their regulation in response to pathogens or other exogenous molecules. The capacity to regulate AMP expression by exogenous factors may prove useful in modulating AMP expression in fish to prevent disease, particularly in aquaculture settings where crowded conditions and environmental stress pre-dispose these fish to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Katzenback
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Structure and membrane interactions of chionodracine, a piscidin-like antimicrobial peptide from the icefish Chionodraco hamatus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zhou QJ, Su YQ, Niu SF, Liu M, Qiao Y, Wang J. Discovery and molecular cloning of piscidin-5-like gene from the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:417-420. [PMID: 25263194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jia Zhou
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yong-Quan Su
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Su-Fang Niu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
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Masso-Silva JA, Diamond G. Antimicrobial peptides from fish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:265-310. [PMID: 24594555 PMCID: PMC3978493 DOI: 10.3390/ph7030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found widely distributed through Nature, and participate in the innate host defense of each species. Fish are a great source of these peptides, as they express all of the major classes of AMPs, including defensins, cathelicidins, hepcidins, histone-derived peptides, and a fish-specific class of the cecropin family, called piscidins. As with other species, the fish peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, killing both fish and human pathogens. They are also immunomodulatory, and their genes are highly responsive to microbes and innate immuno-stimulatory molecules. Recent research has demonstrated that some of the unique properties of fish peptides, including their ability to act even in very high salt concentrations, make them good potential targets for development as therapeutic antimicrobials. Further, the stimulation of their gene expression by exogenous factors could be useful in preventing pathogenic microbes in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Masso-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Box 100424, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Mao Y, Niu S, Xu X, Wang J, Su Y, Wu Y, Zhong S. The effect of an adding histidine on biological activity and stability of Pc-pis from Pseudosciaena crocea. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83268. [PMID: 24349477 PMCID: PMC3862765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pc-pis is a novel piscidin-like antimicrobial polypeptide that was identified in Pseudosciaena crocea. Although active against most bacteria tested, Pc-pis was inactive against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Pc-pis analogue Pc-pis-His was designed by adding a histidine residue at the carboxyl terminal. Pc-pis-His demonstrated a more broad-spectrum and stronger antimicrobial activity against a representative set of microorganisms and more potent antiparasitic activity against Cryptocaryon irritans trophonts than Pc-pis. The stability assay revealed that Pc-pis-His was active against Staphylococcus aureus not only in acidic (pH 5.5-7.3) and relatively low concentration monovalent cation (0-160 mM NaCl) environments but also in alkaline (pH 7.5-9.5), divalent cation (1.25-160 mM MgCl2 and 1.25-40 mM CaCl2) and high concentration monovalent cation (320-2560 mM NaCl) environments, which indicates that the added histidine residue conferred better salt-, acid- and alkali-tolerance to Pc-pis-His. Pc-pis-His also possessed the desired heat-tolerance, which was reflected by the antimicrobial activity of the peptide after being boiled for 10-60 minutes. Hemolytic activity analysis revealed that Pc-pis-His at concentrations up to 6 µM exhibited no hemolysis against human erythrocytes, with 6 µM being a concentration that is highly active against most of the microorganisms tested, although the hemolytic activity of Pc-pis-His was enhanced compared to Pc-pis. These results provide a unique, reasonable basis for designing novel piscidins with potent, broad-spectrum and stable antimicrobial activity and new insight into the future development of piscidins as potential therapeutic agents against microbial and external protozoan parasite infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Sufang Niu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yongquan Su
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shengping Zhong
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Gomez D, Sunyer JO, Salinas I. The mucosal immune system of fish: the evolution of tolerating commensals while fighting pathogens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1729-39. [PMID: 24099804 PMCID: PMC3963484 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The field of mucosal immunology research has grown fast over the past few years, and our understanding on how mucosal surfaces respond to complex antigenic cocktails is expanding tremendously. With the advent of new molecular sequencing techniques, it is easier to understand how the immune system of vertebrates is, to a great extent, orchestrated by the complex microbial communities that live in symbiosis with their hosts. The commensal microbiota is now seen as the "extended self" by many scientists. Similarly, fish immunologist are devoting important research efforts to the field of mucosal immunity and commensals. Recent breakthroughs on our understanding of mucosal immune responses in teleost fish open up the potential of teleosts as animal research models for the study of human mucosal diseases. Additionally, this new knowledge places immunologists in a better position to specifically target the fish mucosal immune system while rationally designing mucosal vaccines and other immunotherapies. In this review, an updated view on how teleost skin, gills and gut immune cells and molecules, function in response to pathogens and commensals is provided. Finally, some of the future avenues that the field of fish mucosal immunity may follow in the next years are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gomez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Theoretical and Evolutionary Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Niu SF, Jin Y, Xu X, Qiao Y, Wu Y, Mao Y, Su YQ, Wang J. Characterization of a novel piscidin-like antimicrobial peptide from Pseudosciaena crocea and its immune response to Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:513-524. [PMID: 23727503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Piscidins, important components of the innate (nonspecific) immunity system in fish, have potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. In this study, we reported a novel antimicrobial cationic peptide from Pseudosciaena crocea. Although this peptide exhibited a genomic (3 exons and 2 introns) and propeptide (signal peptide, mature peptide and prodomain) organization, conserved signal peptide (22 amino acids) and consensus motif I-X5-H-X4-I-H identical to the reported fish piscidins, Pc-pis showed a relatively low overall conservation with other known piscidins, which was obviously embodied in the amino acid composition of the peptide. Pc-pis is strikingly rich in glycine residues (27.3%), which disrupted the amphipathic structure of the peptide. Relative quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Pc-pis is a typically gill-expressed peptide. The sequence analysis, structural features and tissue distribution suggested that Pc-pis was genetically related to the piscidins family and might be a novel piscidin-like antimicrobial peptide. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression of Pc-pis in the spleen, head-kidney, liver, intestine, skin and gill could be regulated during Cryptocaryon irritans infection and post C. irritans falling off, implicating a role for Pc-pis in immune defense against C. irritans and secondary bacterial infections. Synthetic Pc-pis exhibited broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and C. irritans in parasitic stages. These results provided the first evidence of piscidins antiparasitic activity against marine fish ectoparasites C. irritants trophonts and further indicated that Pc-pis might be an important component of the P. crocea innate immune system against C. irritans and secondary bacterial infections. Thus, these data provided new insights into P. crocea innate immunity against external protozoan parasite and microbial infections and facilitate the evaluation of Pc-pis as a therapeutic agent against pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fang Niu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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