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Araki T, Hiragi T, Kuga N, Luo C, Andoh M, Sugao K, Nagata H, Sasaki T, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. Microglia induce auditory dysfunction after status epilepticus in mice. Glia 2024; 72:274-288. [PMID: 37746760 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Auditory dysfunction and increased neuronal activity in the auditory pathways have been reported in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, but the cellular mechanisms involved are unknown. Here, we report that microglia play a role in the disinhibition of auditory pathways after status epilepticus in mice. We found that neuronal activity in the auditory pathways, including the primary auditory cortex and the medial geniculate body (MGB), was increased and auditory discrimination was impaired after status epilepticus. We further demonstrated that microglia reduced inhibitory synapses on MGB relay neurons over an 8-week period after status epilepticus, resulting in auditory pathway hyperactivity. In addition, we found that local removal of microglia from the MGB attenuated the increase in c-Fos+ relay neurons and improved auditory discrimination. These findings reveal that thalamic microglia are involved in auditory dysfunction in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Araki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hiragi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kuga
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Cong Luo
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Andoh
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Valerio P, Rechenmann J, Joshi S, De Franceschi G, Barkat TR. Sequential maturation of stimulus-specific adaptation in the mouse lemniscal auditory system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7624. [PMID: 38170771 PMCID: PMC10776000 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), the reduction of neural activity to a common stimulus that does not generalize to other, rare stimuli, is an essential property of our brain. Although well characterized in adults, it is still unknown how it develops during adolescence and what neuronal circuits are involved. Using in vivo electrophysiology and optogenetics in the lemniscal pathway of the mouse auditory system, we observed SSA to be stable from postnatal day 20 (P20) in the inferior colliculus, to develop until P30 in the auditory thalamus and even later in the primary auditory cortex (A1). We found this maturation process to be experience-dependent in A1 but not in thalamus and to be related to alterations in deep but not input layers of A1. We also identified corticothalamic projections to be implicated in thalamic SSA development. Together, our results reveal different circuits underlying the sequential SSA maturation and provide a unique perspective to understand predictive coding and surprise across sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Valerio
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Rechenmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suyash Joshi
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Kouvaros S, Bizup B, Solis O, Kumar M, Ventriglia E, Curry FP, Michaelides M, Tzounopoulos T. A CRE/DRE dual recombinase transgenic mouse reveals synaptic zinc-mediated thalamocortical neuromodulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf3525. [PMID: 37294760 PMCID: PMC10256168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic zinc is a neuromodulator that shapes synaptic transmission and sensory processing. The maintenance of synaptic zinc is dependent on the vesicular zinc transporter, ZnT3. Hence, the ZnT3 knockout mouse has been a key tool for studying the mechanisms and functions of synaptic zinc. However, the use of this constitutive knockout mouse has notable limitations, including developmental, compensatory, and brain and cell type specificity issues. To overcome these limitations, we developed and characterized a dual recombinase transgenic mouse, which combines the Cre and Dre recombinase systems. This mouse allows for tamoxifen-inducible Cre-dependent expression of exogenous genes or knockout of floxed genes in ZnT3-expressing neurons and DreO-dependent region and cell type-specific conditional ZnT3 knockout in adult mice. Using this system, we reveal a neuromodulatory mechanism whereby zinc release from thalamic neurons modulates N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity in layer 5 pyramidal tract neurons, unmasking previously unknown features of cortical neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Kouvaros
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Brandon Bizup
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Oscar Solis
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Emilya Ventriglia
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Fallon P. Curry
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thanos Tzounopoulos
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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4
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Tomioka R, Takemoto M, Song WJ. Neurochemical properties for defining subdivisions of the mouse medial geniculate body. Hear Res 2023; 431:108724. [PMID: 36871497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The medial geniculate body (MGB) exhibits anatomical and physiological properties that underlie its role in the auditory system. Anatomical properties, including myelo- and cyto-architecture, are used to identify MGB subdivisions. Recently, neurochemical properties, including calcium-binding proteins, have also been employed to define the MGB subdivisions. Because these properties do not show clear boundaries in the MGB and do not involve anatomical connectivity, whether the MGB subdivisions can be defined based on anatomical and neurochemical properties remains unclear. In this study, 11 different neurochemical markers were employed for defining the MGB subdivisions. In terms of anatomical connectivity, immunoreactivities for vesicular transporter demonstrated glutamatergic, GABAergic and glycinergic afferents and provided clues about the boundaries of the MGB subdivisions. On the other hand, the distribution of novel neurochemical markers of the MGB demonstrated distinct boundaries of the MGB subdivisions and resulted in the discovery of a putative homolog of the rabbit internal division of the MGB. Additionally, corticotropin-releasing factor was expressed in the larger neurons in the medial division of the MGB (MGm), particularly in the caudal MGm. Lastly, the analysis of anatomical details by measuring the size and density of vesicular transporters revealed heterogeneity among the MGB subdivisions. Our results demonstrate that the MGB is composed of five subdivisions based on their anatomical and neurochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Tomioka
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Makoto Takemoto
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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5
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Williams IR, Filimontseva A, Connelly CJ, Ryugo DK. The lateral superior olive in the mouse: Two systems of projecting neurons. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:1038500. [PMID: 36338332 PMCID: PMC9630946 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.1038500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral superior olive (LSO) is a key structure in the central auditory system of mammals that exerts efferent control on cochlear sensitivity and is involved in the processing of binaural level differences for sound localization. Understanding how the LSO contributes to these processes requires knowledge about the resident cells and their connections with other auditory structures. We used standard histological stains and retrograde tracer injections into the inferior colliculus (IC) and cochlea in order to characterize two basic groups of neurons: (1) Principal and periolivary (PO) neurons have projections to the IC as part of the ascending auditory pathway; and (2) lateral olivocochlear (LOC) intrinsic and shell efferents have descending projections to the cochlea. Principal and intrinsic neurons are intermixed within the LSO, exhibit fusiform somata, and have disk-shaped dendritic arborizations. The principal neurons have bilateral, symmetric, and tonotopic projections to the IC. The intrinsic efferents have strictly ipsilateral projections, known to be tonotopic from previous publications. PO and shell neurons represent much smaller populations (<10% of principal and intrinsic neurons, respectively), have multipolar somata, reside outside the LSO, and have non-topographic, bilateral projections. PO and shell neurons appear to have widespread projections to their targets that imply a more diffuse modulatory function. The somata and dendrites of principal and intrinsic neurons form a laminar matrix within the LSO and share quantifiably similar alignment to the tonotopic axis. Their restricted projections emphasize the importance of frequency in binaural processing and efferent control for auditory perception. This study addressed and expanded on previous findings of cell types, circuit laterality, and projection tonotopy in the LSO of the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella R. Williams
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Isabella R. Williams,
| | | | - Catherine J. Connelly
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - David K. Ryugo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia,Department of Otolaryngology-Head, Neck and Skull Base Surgery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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6
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Pagella S, Deussing JM, Kopp-Scheinpflug C. Expression Patterns of the Neuropeptide Urocortin 3 and Its Receptor CRFR2 in the Mouse Central Auditory System. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:747472. [PMID: 34867212 PMCID: PMC8633543 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.747472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems have to be malleable to context-dependent modulations occurring over different time scales, in order to serve their evolutionary function of informing about the external world while also eliciting survival-promoting behaviors. Stress is a major context-dependent signal that can have fast and delayed effects on sensory systems, especially on the auditory system. Urocortin 3 (UCN3) is a member of the corticotropin-releasing factor family. As a neuropeptide, UCN3 regulates synaptic activity much faster than the classic steroid hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Moreover, due to the lack of synaptic re-uptake mechanisms, UCN3 can have more long-lasting and far-reaching effects. To date, a modest number of studies have reported the presence of UCN3 or its receptor CRFR2 in the auditory system, particularly in the cochlea and the superior olivary complex, and have highlighted the importance of this stress neuropeptide for protecting auditory function. However, a comprehensive map of all neurons synthesizing UCN3 or CRFR2 within the auditory pathway is lacking. Here, we utilize two reporter mouse lines to elucidate the expression patterns of UCN3 and CRFR2 in the auditory system. Additional immunolabelling enables further characterization of the neurons that synthesize UCN3 or CRFR2. Surprisingly, our results indicate that within the auditory system, UCN3 is expressed predominantly in principal cells, whereas CRFR2 expression is strongest in non-principal, presumably multisensory, cell types. Based on the presence or absence of overlap between UCN3 and CRFR2 labeling, our data suggest unusual modes of neuromodulation by UCN3, involving volume transmission and autocrine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pagella
- Division of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M Deussing
- Research Group Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Conny Kopp-Scheinpflug
- Division of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Fujimoto H, Notsu E, Yamamoto R, Ono M, Hioki H, Takahashi M, Ito T. Kv4.2-Positive Domains on Dendrites in the Mouse Medial Geniculate Body Receive Ascending Excitatory and Inhibitory Inputs Preferentially From the Inferior Colliculus. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:740378. [PMID: 34658777 PMCID: PMC8511456 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.740378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial geniculate body (MGB) is the thalamic center of the auditory lemniscal pathway. The ventral division of MGB (MGV) receives excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the inferior colliculus (IC). MGV is involved in auditory attention by processing descending excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the auditory cortex (AC) and reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN), respectively. However, detailed mechanisms of the integration of different inputs in a single MGV neuron remain unclear. Kv4.2 is one of the isoforms of the Shal-related subfamily of potassium voltage-gated channels that are expressed in MGB. Since potassium channel is important for shaping synaptic current and spike waveforms, subcellular distribution of Kv4.2 is likely important for integration of various inputs. Here, we aimed to examine the detailed distribution of Kv4.2, in MGV neurons to understand its specific role in auditory attention. We found that Kv4.2 mRNA was expressed in most MGV neurons. At the protein level, Kv4.2-immunopositive patches were sparsely distributed in both the dendrites and the soma of neurons. The postsynaptic distribution of Kv4.2 protein was confirmed using electron microscopy (EM). The frequency of contact with Kv4.2-immunopositive puncta was higher in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2)-positive excitatory axon terminals, which are supposed to be extending from the IC, than in VGluT1-immunopositive terminals, which are expected to be originating from the AC. VGluT2-immunopositive terminals were significantly larger than VGluT1-immunopositive terminals. Furthermore, EM showed that the terminals forming asymmetric synapses with Kv4.2-immunopositive MGV dendritic domains were significantly larger than those forming synapses with Kv4.2-negative MGV dendritic domains. In inhibitory axons either from the IC or from the RTN, the frequency of terminals that were in contact with Kv4.2-positive puncta was higher in IC than in RTN. In summary, our study demonstrated that the Kv4.2-immunopositive domains of the MGV dendrites received excitatory and inhibitory ascending auditory inputs preferentially from the IC, and not from the RTN or cortex. Our findings imply that time course of synaptic current and spike waveforms elicited by IC inputs is modified in the Kv4.2 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eiji Notsu
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Munenori Ono
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumu Takahashi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Ito
- Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Department of Systems Function and Morphology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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8
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Excitatory cholecystokinin neurons of the midbrain integrate diverse temporal responses and drive auditory thalamic subdomains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2007724118. [PMID: 33658359 PMCID: PMC7958253 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007724118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ability to identify sounds and understand communication signals depends upon our brains’ capacity to combine information about diverse sound features, including temporal patterns. The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) performs an initial stage of this integration, but a circuit-based understanding of these processes has been hampered by difficulties in separating clearly defined functional cell types. Here we identify and characterize a major excitatory projection neuron of the ICC. These neurons show uniform intrinsic firing patterns and tuning to frequency, but strikingly diverse temporal responses to sound. Our results suggest that diversity in temporal coding is represented even within a single cell class and is likely primarily driven by differences in circuit connectivity. The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) integrates information about different features of sound and then distributes this information to thalamocortical circuits. However, the lack of clear definitions of circuit elements in the ICC has limited our understanding of the nature of these circuit transformations. Here, we combine virus-based genetic access with electrophysiological and optogenetic approaches to identify a large family of excitatory, cholecystokinin-expressing thalamic projection neurons in the ICC of the Mongolian gerbil. We show that these neurons form a distinct cell type, displaying uniform morphology and intrinsic firing features, and provide powerful, spatially restricted excitation exclusively to the ventral auditory thalamus. In vivo, these neurons consistently exhibit V-shaped receptive field properties but strikingly diverse temporal responses to sound. Our results indicate that temporal response diversity is maintained within this population of otherwise uniform cells in the ICC and then relayed to cortex through spatially restricted thalamic subdomains.
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9
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Bertero A, Garcia C, Apicella AJ. Corticofugal VIP Gabaergic Projection Neurons in the Mouse Auditory and Motor Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:714780. [PMID: 34366798 PMCID: PMC8343102 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.714780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical and physiological studies have described the cortex as a six-layer structure that receives, elaborates, and sends out information exclusively as excitatory output to cortical and subcortical regions. This concept has increasingly been challenged by several anatomical and functional studies that showed that direct inhibitory cortical outputs are also a common feature of the sensory and motor cortices. Similar to their excitatory counterparts, subsets of Somatostatin- and Parvalbumin-expressing neurons have been shown to innervate distal targets like the sensory and motor striatum and the contralateral cortex. However, no evidence of long-range VIP-expressing neurons, the third major class of GABAergic cortical inhibitory neurons, has been shown in such cortical regions. Here, using anatomical anterograde and retrograde viral tracing, we tested the hypothesis that VIP-expressing neurons of the mouse auditory and motor cortices can also send long-range projections to cortical and subcortical areas. We were able to demonstrate, for the first time, that VIP-expressing neurons of the auditory cortex can reach not only the contralateral auditory cortex and the ipsilateral striatum and amygdala, as shown for Somatostatin- and Parvalbumin-expressing long-range neurons, but also the medial geniculate body and both superior and inferior colliculus. We also demonstrate that VIP-expressing neurons of the motor cortex send long-range GABAergic projections to the dorsal striatum and contralateral cortex. Because of its presence in two such disparate cortical areas, this would suggest that the long-range VIP projection is likely a general feature of the cortex’s network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bertero
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Charles Garcia
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alfonso Junior Apicella
- Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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10
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Lohse M, Dahmen JC, Bajo VM, King AJ. Subcortical circuits mediate communication between primary sensory cortical areas in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3916. [PMID: 34168153 PMCID: PMC8225818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of information across the senses is critical for perception and is a common property of neurons in the cerebral cortex, where it is thought to arise primarily from corticocortical connections. Much less is known about the role of subcortical circuits in shaping the multisensory properties of cortical neurons. We show that stimulation of the whiskers causes widespread suppression of sound-evoked activity in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1). This suppression depends on the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and is implemented through a descending circuit that links S1, via the auditory midbrain, with thalamic neurons that project to A1. Furthermore, a direct pathway from S1 has a facilitatory effect on auditory responses in higher-order thalamic nuclei that project to other brain areas. Crossmodal corticofugal projections to the auditory midbrain and thalamus therefore play a pivotal role in integrating multisensory signals and in enabling communication between different sensory cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lohse
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, London, UK.
| | - Johannes C Dahmen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria M Bajo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J King
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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11
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Taylor JA, Hasegawa M, Benoit CM, Freire JA, Theodore M, Ganea DA, Innocenti SM, Lu T, Gründemann J. Single cell plasticity and population coding stability in auditory thalamus upon associative learning. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2438. [PMID: 33903596 PMCID: PMC8076296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical and limbic brain areas are regarded as centres for learning. However, how thalamic sensory relays participate in plasticity upon associative learning, yet support stable long-term sensory coding remains unknown. Using a miniature microscope imaging approach, we monitor the activity of populations of auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body) neurons in freely moving mice upon fear conditioning. We find that single cells exhibit mixed selectivity and heterogeneous plasticity patterns to auditory and aversive stimuli upon learning, which is conserved in amygdala-projecting medial geniculate body neurons. Activity in auditory thalamus to amygdala-projecting neurons stabilizes single cell plasticity in the total medial geniculate body population and is necessary for fear memory consolidation. In contrast to individual cells, population level encoding of auditory stimuli remained stable across days. Our data identifies auditory thalamus as a site for complex neuronal plasticity in fear learning upstream of the amygdala that is in an ideal position to drive plasticity in cortical and limbic brain areas. These findings suggest that medial geniculate body's role goes beyond a sole relay function by balancing experience-dependent, diverse single cell plasticity with consistent ensemble level representations of the sensory environment to support stable auditory perception with minimal affective bias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marine Theodore
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dan Alin Ganea
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tingjia Lu
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gründemann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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12
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O'Reilly C, Iavarone E, Yi J, Hill SL. Rodent somatosensory thalamocortical circuitry: Neurons, synapses, and connectivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:213-235. [PMID: 33766672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding of the thalamocortical system deepens, the questions we face become more complex. Their investigation requires the adoption of novel experimental approaches complemented with increasingly sophisticated computational modeling. In this review, we take stock of current data and knowledge about the circuitry of the somatosensory thalamocortical loop in rodents, discussing common principles across modalities and species whenever appropriate. We review the different levels of organization, including the cells, synapses, neuroanatomy, and network connectivity. We provide a complete overview of this system that should be accessible for newcomers to this field while nevertheless being comprehensive enough to serve as a reference for seasoned neuroscientists and computational modelers studying the thalamocortical system. We further highlight key gaps in data and knowledge that constitute pressing targets for future experimental work. Filling these gaps would provide invaluable information for systematically unveiling how this system supports behavioral and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O'Reilly
- Azrieli Centre for Autism Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA; Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Elisabetta Iavarone
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jane Yi
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean L Hill
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
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13
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Bjerke IE, Yates SC, Laja A, Witter MP, Puchades MA, Bjaalie JG, Leergaard TB. Densities and numbers of calbindin and parvalbumin positive neurons across the rat and mouse brain. iScience 2021; 24:101906. [PMID: 33385111 PMCID: PMC7770605 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin are expressed in neuronal populations regulating brain networks involved in spatial navigation, memory processes, and social interactions. Information about the numbers of these neurons across brain regions is required to understand their functional roles but is scarcely available. Employing semi-automated image analysis, we performed brain-wide analysis of immunohistochemically stained parvalbumin and calbindin sections and show that these neurons distribute in complementary patterns across the mouse brain. Parvalbumin neurons dominate in areas related to sensorimotor processing and navigation, whereas calbindin neurons prevail in regions reflecting behavioral states. We also find that parvalbumin neurons distribute according to similar principles in the hippocampal region of the rat and mouse brain. We validated our results against manual counts and evaluated variability of results among researchers. Comparison of our results to previous reports showed that neuron numbers vary, whereas patterns of relative densities and numbers are consistent. Brain-wide, semi-automatic quantification of parvalbumin and calbindin neurons Largely complementary distribution of calbindin and parvalbumin neurons in mice Comparison with several previous studies shows variable numbers but similar trends Similar distribution of parvalbumin neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampal region
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild E Bjerke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sharon C Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arthur Laja
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maja A Puchades
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve B Leergaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Pardi MB, Vogenstahl J, Dalmay T, Spanò T, Pu DL, Naumann LB, Kretschmer F, Sprekeler H, Letzkus JJ. A thalamocortical top-down circuit for associative memory. Science 2020; 370:844-848. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Belén Pardi
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Tamas Dalmay
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Teresa Spanò
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - De-Lin Pu
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Laura B. Naumann
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Henning Sprekeler
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes J. Letzkus
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Lohse M, Bajo VM, King AJ, Willmore BDB. Neural circuits underlying auditory contrast gain control and their perceptual implications. Nat Commun 2020; 11:324. [PMID: 31949136 PMCID: PMC6965083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural adaptation enables sensory information to be represented optimally in the brain despite large fluctuations over time in the statistics of the environment. Auditory contrast gain control represents an important example, which is thought to arise primarily from cortical processing. Here we show that neurons in the auditory thalamus and midbrain of mice show robust contrast gain control, and that this is implemented independently of cortical activity. Although neurons at each level exhibit contrast gain control to similar degrees, adaptation time constants become longer at later stages of the processing hierarchy, resulting in progressively more stable representations. We also show that auditory discrimination thresholds in human listeners compensate for changes in contrast, and that the strength of this perceptual adaptation can be predicted from physiological measurements. Contrast adaptation is therefore a robust property of both the subcortical and cortical auditory system and accounts for the short-term adaptability of perceptual judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lohse
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Victoria M Bajo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrew J King
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Ben D B Willmore
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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16
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Ohga S, Tsukano H, Horie M, Terashima H, Nishio N, Kubota Y, Takahashi K, Hishida R, Takebayashi H, Shibuki K. Direct Relay Pathways from Lemniscal Auditory Thalamus to Secondary Auditory Field in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:4424-4439. [PMID: 30272122 PMCID: PMC6215474 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tonotopy is an essential functional organization in the mammalian auditory cortex, and its source in the primary auditory cortex (A1) is the incoming frequency-related topographical projections from the ventral division of the medial geniculate body (MGv). However, circuits that relay this functional organization to higher-order regions such as the secondary auditory field (A2) have yet to be identified. Here, we discovered a new pathway that projects directly from MGv to A2 in mice. Tonotopy was established in A2 even when primary fields including A1 were removed, which indicates that tonotopy in A2 can be established solely by thalamic input. Moreover, the structural nature of differing thalamocortical connections was consistent with the functional organization of the target regions in the auditory cortex. Retrograde tracing revealed that the region of MGv input to a local area in A2 was broader than the region of MGv input to A1. Consistent with this anatomy, two-photon calcium imaging revealed that neuronal responses in the thalamocortical recipient layer of A2 showed wider bandwidth and greater heterogeneity of the best frequency distribution than those of A1. The current study demonstrates a new thalamocortical pathway that relays frequency information to A2 on the basis of the MGv compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Ohga
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsukano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masao Horie
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Terashima
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nana Nishio
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yamato Kubota
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hishida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsuei Shibuki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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17
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A repeated molecular architecture across thalamic pathways. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1925-1935. [PMID: 31527803 PMCID: PMC6819258 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The thalamus is the central communication hub of the forebrain and provides the cerebral cortex with inputs from sensory organs, subcortical systems and the cortex itself. Multiple thalamic regions send convergent information to each cortical region, but the organizational logic of thalamic projections has remained elusive. Through comprehensive transcriptional analyses of retrogradely labeled thalamic neurons in adult mice, we identify three major profiles of thalamic pathways. These profiles exist along a continuum that is repeated across all major projection systems, such as those for vision, motor control and cognition. The largest component of gene expression variation in the mouse thalamus is topographically organized, with features conserved in humans. Transcriptional differences between these thalamic neuronal identities are tied to cellular features that are critical for function, such as axonal morphology and membrane properties. Molecular profiling therefore reveals covariation in the properties of thalamic pathways serving all major input modalities and output targets, thus establishing a molecular framework for understanding the thalamus.
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18
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Hackett TA. Adenosine A 1 Receptor mRNA Expression by Neurons and Glia in the Auditory Forebrain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1882-1905. [PMID: 30315630 PMCID: PMC6282551 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, purines such as ATP and adenosine can function as neurotransmitters and co‐transmitters, or serve as signals in neuron–glial interactions. In thalamocortical (TC) projections to sensory cortex, adenosine functions as a negative regulator of glutamate release via activation of the presynaptic adenosine A1 receptor (A1R). In the auditory forebrain, restriction of A1R‐adenosine signaling in medial geniculate (MG) neurons is sufficient to extend LTP, LTD, and tonotopic map plasticity in adult mice for months beyond the critical period. Interfering with adenosine signaling in primary auditory cortex (A1) does not contribute to these forms of plasticity, suggesting regional differences in the roles of A1R‐mediated adenosine signaling in the forebrain. To advance understanding of the circuitry, in situ hybridization was used to localize neuronal and glial cell types in the auditory forebrain that express A1R transcripts (Adora1), based on co‐expression with cell‐specific markers for neuronal and glial subtypes. In A1, Adora1 transcripts were concentrated in L3/4 and L6 of glutamatergic neurons. Subpopulations of GABAergic neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia expressed lower levels of Adora1. In MG, Adora1 was expressed by glutamatergic neurons in all divisions, and subpopulations of all glial classes. The collective findings imply that A1R‐mediated signaling broadly extends to all subdivisions of auditory cortex and MG. Selective expression by neuronal and glial subpopulations suggests that experimental manipulations of A1R‐adenosine signaling could impact several cell types, depending on their location. Strategies to target Adora1 in specific cell types can be developed from the data generated here. Anat Rec, 301:1882–1905, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Hackett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Clarke BA, Lee CC. Inhibitory Projections in the Mouse Auditory Tectothalamic System. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E103. [PMID: 29890716 PMCID: PMC6025108 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8060103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial geniculate body (MGB) is the target of excitatory and inhibitory inputs from several neural sources. Among these, the inferior colliculus (IC) is an important nucleus in the midbrain that acts as a nexus for auditory projections, ascending and descending, throughout the rest of the central auditory system and provides both excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the MGB. In our study, we assessed the relative contribution from presumed excitatory and inhibitory IC neurons to the MGB in mice. Using retrograde tract tracing with cholera toxin beta subunit (CTβ)-Alexa Fluor 594 injected into the MGB of transgenic, vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)-Venus mice, we quantitatively analyzed the projections from both the ipsilateral and contralateral IC to the MGB. Our results demonstrate inhibitory projections from both ICs to the MGB that likely play a significant role in shaping auditory processing. These results complement prior studies in other species, which suggest that the inhibitory tectothalamic pathway is important in the regulation of neuronal activity in the auditory forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise A Clarke
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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20
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Distinct Anatomical Connectivity Patterns Differentiate Subdivisions of the Nonlemniscal Auditory Thalamus in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:2437-2454. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Vasquez-Lopez SA, Weissenberger Y, Lohse M, Keating P, King AJ, Dahmen JC. Thalamic input to auditory cortex is locally heterogeneous but globally tonotopic. eLife 2017; 6:25141. [PMID: 28891466 PMCID: PMC5614559 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Topographic representation of the receptor surface is a fundamental feature of sensory cortical organization. This is imparted by the thalamus, which relays information from the periphery to the cortex. To better understand the rules governing thalamocortical connectivity and the origin of cortical maps, we used in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to characterize the properties of thalamic axons innervating different layers of mouse auditory cortex. Although tonotopically organized at a global level, we found that the frequency selectivity of individual thalamocortical axons is surprisingly heterogeneous, even in layers 3b/4 of the primary cortical areas, where the thalamic input is dominated by the lemniscal projection. We also show that thalamocortical input to layer 1 includes collaterals from axons innervating layers 3b/4 and is largely in register with the main input targeting those layers. Such locally varied thalamocortical projections may be useful in enabling rapid contextual modulation of cortical frequency representations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Weissenberger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lohse
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Keating
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J King
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes C Dahmen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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22
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Seigneur E, Südhof TC. Cerebellins are differentially expressed in selective subsets of neurons throughout the brain. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3286-3311. [PMID: 28714144 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellins are secreted hexameric proteins that form tripartite complexes with the presynaptic cell-adhesion molecules neurexins or 'deleted-in-colorectal-cancer', and the postsynaptic glutamate-receptor-related proteins GluD1 and GluD2. These tripartite complexes are thought to regulate synapses. However, cerebellins are expressed in multiple isoforms whose relative distributions and overall functions are not understood. Three of the four cerebellins, Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4, autonomously assemble into homohexamers, whereas the Cbln3 requires Cbln1 for assembly and secretion. Here, we show that Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4 are abundantly expressed in nearly all brain regions, but exhibit strikingly different expression patterns and developmental dynamics. Using newly generated knockin reporter mice for Cbln2 and Cbln4, we find that Cbln2 and Cbln4 are not universally expressed in all neurons, but only in specific subsets of neurons. For example, Cbln2 and Cbln4 are broadly expressed in largely non-overlapping subpopulations of excitatory cortical neurons, but only sparse expression was observed in excitatory hippocampal neurons of the CA1- or CA3-region. Similarly, Cbln2 and Cbln4 are selectively expressed, respectively, in inhibitory interneurons and excitatory mitral projection neurons of the main olfactory bulb; here, these two classes of neurons form dendrodendritic reciprocal synapses with each other. A few brain regions, such as the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, exhibit astoundingly high Cbln2 expression levels. Viewed together, our data show that cerebellins are abundantly expressed in relatively small subsets of neurons, suggesting specific roles restricted to subsets of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Seigneur
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California
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23
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Patel MB, Sons S, Yudintsev G, Lesicko AMH, Yang L, Taha GA, Pierce SM, Llano DA. Anatomical characterization of subcortical descending projections to the inferior colliculus in mouse. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:885-900. [PMID: 27560718 PMCID: PMC5222726 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Descending projections from the thalamus and related structures to the midbrain are evolutionarily highly conserved. However, the basic organization of this auditory thalamotectal pathway has not yet been characterized. The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the anatomical and neurochemical features of this pathway. Analysis of the distributions of retrogradely labeled cells after focal injections of retrograde tracer into the inferior colliculus (IC) of the mouse revealed that most of the subcortical descending projections originated in the brachium of the IC and the paralaminar portions of the auditory thalamus. In addition, the vast majority of thalamotectal cells were found to be negative for the calcium-binding proteins calbindin, parvalbumin, or calretinin. Using two different strains of GAD-GFP mice, as well as immunostaining for GABA, we found that a subset of neurons in the brachium of the IC is GABAergic, suggesting that part of this descending pathway is inhibitory. Finally, dual retrograde injections into the IC and amygdala plus corpus striatum as well into the IC and auditory cortex did not reveal any double labeling. These data suggest that the thalamocollicular pathway comprises a unique population of thalamic neurons that do not contain typical calcium-binding proteins and do not project to other paralaminar thalamic forebrain targets, and that a previously undescribed descending GABAergic pathway emanates from the brachium of the IC. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:885-900, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili B Patel
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacy Sons
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Georgiy Yudintsev
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Luye Yang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Gehad A Taha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott M Pierce
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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24
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A cross-modal genetic framework for the development and plasticity of sensory pathways. Nature 2016; 538:96-98. [PMID: 27669022 DOI: 10.1038/nature19770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Modality-specific sensory inputs from individual sense organs are processed in parallel in distinct areas of the neocortex. For each sensory modality, input follows a cortico-thalamo-cortical loop in which a 'first-order' exteroceptive thalamic nucleus sends peripheral input to the primary sensory cortex, which projects back to a 'higher order' thalamic nucleus that targets a secondary sensory cortex. This conserved circuit motif raises the possibility that shared genetic programs exist across sensory modalities. Here we report that, despite their association with distinct sensory modalities, first-order nuclei in mice are genetically homologous across somatosensory, visual, and auditory pathways, as are higher order nuclei. We further reveal peripheral input-dependent control over the transcriptional identity and connectivity of first-order nuclei by showing that input ablation leads to induction of higher-order-type transcriptional programs and rewiring of higher-order-directed descending cortical input to deprived first-order nuclei. These findings uncover an input-dependent genetic logic for the design and plasticity of sensory pathways, in which conserved developmental programs lead to conserved circuit motifs across sensory modalities.
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25
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Márquez-Legorreta E, Horta-Júnior JDAC, Berrebi AS, Saldaña E. Organization of the Zone of Transition between the Pretectum and the Thalamus, with Emphasis on the Pretectothalamic Lamina. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:82. [PMID: 27563286 PMCID: PMC4980397 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The zone of transition between the pretectum, derived from prosomere 1, and the thalamus, derived from prosomere 2, is structurally complex and its understanding has been hampered by cytoarchitectural and terminological confusion. Herein, using a battery of complementary morphological approaches, including cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture and the expression of molecular markers, we pinpoint the features or combination of features that best characterize each nucleus of the pretectothalamic transitional zone of the rat. Our results reveal useful morphological criteria to identify and delineate, with unprecedented precision, several [mostly auditory] nuclei of the posterior group of the thalamus, namely the pretectothalamic lamina (PTL; formerly known as the posterior limitans nucleus), the medial division of the medial geniculate body (MGBm), the suprageniculate nucleus (SG), and the ethmoid, posterior triangular and posterior nuclei of the thalamus. The PTL is a sparsely-celled and fiber rich flattened nucleus apposed to the lateral surface of the anterior pretectal nucleus (APT) that marks the border between the pretectum and the thalamus; this structure stains selectively with the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), and is essentially immunonegative for the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV). The MGBm, located medial to the ventral division of the MGB (MGBv), can be unequivocally identified by the large size of many of its neurons, its dark immunostaining for PV, and its rather selective staining for WFA. The SG, which extends for a considerable caudorostral distance and deviates progressively from the MGB, is characterized by its peculiar cytoarchitecture, the paucity of myelinated fibers, and the conspicuous absence of staining for calretinin (CR); indeed, in many CR-stained sections, the SG stands out as a blank spot. Because most of these nuclei are small and show unique anatomical relationships, the information provided in this article will facilitate the interpretation of the results of experimental manipulations aimed at the auditory thalamus and improve the design of future investigations. Moreover, the previously neglected proximity between the MGBm and the caudal region of the scarcely known PTL raises the possibility that certain features or roles traditionally attributed to the MGBm may actually belong to the PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Márquez-Legorreta
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Medical School, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | | | - Albert S Berrebi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Sensory Neuroscience Research Center, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Enrique Saldaña
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Medical School, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
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26
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Lee CC. Exploring functions for the non-lemniscal auditory thalamus. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:69. [PMID: 26582978 PMCID: PMC4631820 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of the medial geniculate body (MGB) in normal hearing still remain somewhat enigmatic, in part due to the relatively unexplored properties of the non-lemniscal MGB nuclei. Indeed, the canonical view of the thalamus as a simple relay for transmitting ascending information to the cortex belies a role in higher-order forebrain processes. However, recent anatomical and physiological findings now suggest important information and affective processing roles for the non-primary auditory thalamic nuclei. The non-lemniscal nuclei send and receive feedforward and feedback projections among a wide constellation of midbrain, cortical, and limbic-related sites, which support potential conduits for auditory information flow to higher auditory cortical areas, mediators for transitioning among arousal states, and synchronizers of activity across expansive cortical territories. Considered here is a perspective on the putative and unresolved functional roles of the non-lemniscal nuclei of the MGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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The cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the medial geniculate body of the guinea pig. J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 59-60:17-28. [PMID: 24816166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution and colocalization of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and three calcium-binding proteins (calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin) in each main division of the medial geniculate body (MGB) in the guinea pig. From low to moderate CART immunoreactivity was observed in all divisions of the MGB, although in most of its length only fibers and neuropil were labeled. A small number of CART immunoreactive somata were observed in the caudal segment of the MGB. The central parts of all divisions contained a distinctly smaller number of CART immunoreactive fibers relative to their outer borders, where CART fibers formed patchy clusters. As a whole, the intense CART immunoreactive borders formed a shell around the weakly CART labeled core. Double-labeling immunofluorescence showed that CART did not colocalize with either calbindin, calretinin or parvalbumin, whose immunoreactivity was predominantly restricted to perikarya. The distribution pattern of calretinin was more similar to that of calbindin than to that of parvalbumin. Calretinin and calbindin exhibited higher immunoreactivity in the medial and dorsal divisions of the MGB, where parvalbumin staining was low. In general, although parvalbumin exhibited the weakest immunoreactivity of all studied Ca(2+) binding proteins, it was most highly expressed in the ventral division of the MGB. Our results indicate that CART could be involved in hearing, although its immunoreactivity in the medial geniculate complex was not as intense as in other sensory brain regions. In the guinea pig the heterogeneous and complementary pattern of calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin is evident, however, the overlap in staining appears to be more extensive than that seen in other rodents.
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Takemoto M, Hasegawa K, Nishimura M, Song WJ. The insular auditory field receives input from the lemniscal subdivision of the auditory thalamus in mice. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1373-89. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takemoto
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; umamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Kayoko Hasegawa
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; umamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Masataka Nishimura
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; umamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Wen-Jie Song
- Department of Sensory and Cognitive Physiology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kumamoto University; umamoto 860-8556 Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools; Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Globally Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University; Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
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Giráldez-Pérez RM, Avila MN, Feijóo-Cuaresma M, Heredia R, De Diego-Otero Y, Real MÁ, Guirado S. Males but not females show differences in calbindin immunoreactivity in the dorsal thalamus of the mouse model of fragile X syndrome. J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:894-911. [PMID: 22886886 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by the loss of the Fmr1 gene product, fragile X mental retardation protein. Here we analyze the immunohistochemical expression of calcium-binding proteins in the dorsal thalamus of Fmr1 knockout mice of both sexes and compare it with that of wildtype littermates. The spatial distribution pattern of calbindin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsal thalamus was similar in wildtype and knockout mice but there was a notable reduction in calbindin-immunoreactive cells in midline/intralaminar/posterior dorsal thalamic nuclei of male Fmr1 knockout mice. We counted the number of calbindin-immunoreactive cells in 18 distinct nuclei of the dorsal thalamus. Knockout male mice showed a significant reduction in calbindin-immunoreactive cells (range: 36-67% lower), whereas female knockout mice did not show significant differences (in any dorsal thalamic nucleus) when compared with their wildtype littermates. No variation in the calretinin expression pattern was observed throughout the dorsal thalamus. The number of calretinin-immunoreactive cells was similar for all experimental groups as well. Parvalbumin immunoreactivity was restricted to fibers and neuropil in the analyzed dorsal thalamic nuclei, and presented no differences between genotypes. Midline/intralaminar/posterior dorsal thalamic nuclei are involved in forebrain circuits related to memory, nociception, social fear, and auditory sensory integration; therefore, we suggest that downregulation of calbindin protein expression in the dorsal thalamus of male knockout mice should be taken into account when analyzing behavioral studies in the mouse model of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Giráldez-Pérez
- University of Málaga, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, and Physiology, Málaga, Spain
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Lee CC. Thalamic and cortical pathways supporting auditory processing. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:22-28. [PMID: 22728130 PMCID: PMC3483386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The neural processing of auditory information engages pathways that begin initially at the cochlea and that eventually reach forebrain structures. At these higher levels, the computations necessary for extracting auditory source and identity information rely on the neuroanatomical connections between the thalamus and cortex. Here, the general organization of these connections in the medial geniculate body (thalamus) and the auditory cortex is reviewed. In addition, we consider two models organizing the thalamocortical pathways of the non-tonotopic and multimodal auditory nuclei. Overall, the transfer of information to the cortex via the thalamocortical pathways is complemented by the numerous intracortical and corticocortical pathways. Although interrelated, the convergent interactions among thalamocortical, corticocortical, and commissural pathways enable the computations necessary for the emergence of higher auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Chudinova TV, Belekhova MG, Tostivint H, Ward R, Rio JP, Kenigfest NB. Differences in parvalbumin and calbindin chemospecificity in the centers of the turtle ascending auditory pathway revealed by double immunofluorescence labeling. Brain Res 2012; 1473:87-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Anderson LA, Linden JF. Physiological differences between histologically defined subdivisions in the mouse auditory thalamus. Hear Res 2011; 274:48-60. [PMID: 21185928 PMCID: PMC3078334 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The auditory thalamic area includes the medial geniculate body (MGB) and the lateral part of the posterior thalamic nucleus (Pol). The MGB can be subdivided into a ventral subdivision, forming part of the lemniscal (primary) auditory pathway, and medial and dorsal subdivisions, traditionally considered (alongside the Pol) part of the non-lemniscal (secondary) pathway. However, physiological studies of the auditory thalamus have suggested that the Pol may be more appropriately characterised as part of the lemniscal pathway, while the medial MGB may be part of a third (polysensory) pathway, with characteristics of lemniscal and non-lemniscal areas. We document physiological properties of neurons in histologically identified areas of the MGB and Pol in the anaesthetised mouse, and present evidence in favour of a distinctive role for medial MGB in central auditory processing. In particular, medial MGB contains a greater proportion of neurons with short first-spike latencies and high response probabilities than either the ventral or dorsal MGB, despite having low spontaneous rates. Therefore, medial MGB neurons appear to fire more reliably in response to auditory input than neurons in even the lemniscal, ventral subdivision. Additionally, responses in the Pol are more similar to those in the ventral MGB than the dorsal MGB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer F. Linden
- Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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