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Shafiee A, Toreyhi H, Hosseini S, Heidari A, Jalali A, Mohammadi M, Alaeddini F, Saadat S, Sadeghian S, Boroumand M, Karimi A, Franco OH. The prevalence and determinants of alcohol use in the adult population of Tehran: insights from the Tehran Cohort Study (TeCS). Clin Exp Med 2025; 25:63. [PMID: 39966201 PMCID: PMC11836131 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-025-01581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/20/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alcohol has been illegal in Iran for over four decades, its consumption persists. This study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of alcohol consumption in Tehran, the Middle East's third-largest city, using data from the Tehran Cohort Study (TeCS). METHODS Our study encompasses data from 8420 individuals recorded between March 2016 and March 2019. We defined alcohol use as the lifetime consumption of alcoholic beverages and/or products. We calculated the age- and sex-weighted prevalence of alcohol use in addition to crude frequencies. We also determined the weighted prevalence of alcohol use in both genders. Multivariable logistic regressions were employed to investigate the adjusted odds ratios for the determinants of alcohol use. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 53.8 ± 12.7 years. The lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 9.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 8.3-11.8%) among the total population, with a prevalence of 3.3% (95% CI: 2.4-4.5%) among females and 16.6% (95% CI: 14.3-19.3%) among males. Alcohol use showed a decreasing trend with age in both sexes (women: 4.4% and men: 1.5% per year) as well as in the total population (1.7%). The geographical distribution of alcohol use in Tehran indicated a significantly higher concentration (95% CI: 6.5-13%) in the southern regions compared to other areas. Younger age, higher education levels, smoking, opium use, hyperlipidemia, physical activity, and being overweight determined a higher prevalence of alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of alcohol use in Tehran is significant and exceeds previous estimates. Policymakers must address the rising incidence of alcohol use, particularly among the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Shafiee
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Toreyhi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedayin Hosseini
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Jalali
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave, 1411713138, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Alaeddini
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Soheil Saadat
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadeghian
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamamdali Boroumand
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Njiro BJ, Ndumwa HP, Waithera HW, Chande R, Julius W, Mashili F, Mwita JC, Swahn MH, Staton C, Francis JM. Epidemiology of non-communicable diseases among professional drivers in LMICs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae087. [PMID: 39215468 PMCID: PMC11364521 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review collected evidence on the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among professional drivers and reported on the most common factors that increase the risk of NCDs in this specific population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We conducted a thorough search on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Global Health, Web of Science and Africa-wide information databases on 11 May 2023. We adapted the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool to assess the quality of the studies. We estimated the prevalence of hypertension, prediabetes, diabetes mellitus (DM), overweight and obesity among professional drivers using a random effect model to compute pooled and subgroup analyses. In addition, we conducted a narrative synthesis of the risk factors and recommendations presented in the included studies. Forty-one studies, including 48 414 study participants, met the criteria for inclusion. The pooled prevalence of hypertension, DM and obesity among professional drivers was 36.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 31.8-41.6%], 15.2% (95% CI: 7.0-23.4%) and 27.2% (95% CI: 18.7-35.8%), respectively. Unsupportive environment, work stress, sedentary lifestyle, consumption of unhealthy foods and shift work were the most common modifiable risk factors reported. Our findings also show a significant burden of hypertension, DM and obesity among professional drivers in LMICs. The prevalence of DM and obesity was two- and three-fold higher than findings in general populations, respectively. Our findings indicate an urgent need for tailored interventions for different occupation-related risk factors for NCDs among professional drivers in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Njiro
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Harrieth P Ndumwa
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hannah Wanjiku Waithera
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rehema Chande
- Directorate of Library Services, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - William Julius
- Directorate of Library Services, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fredirick Mashili
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Julius C Mwita
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana and Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Monica H Swahn
- Wellstar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Catherine Staton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Duke School of Medicine/Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel Msafiri Francis
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Obirikorang C, Adu EA, Anto EO, Afum-Adjei Awuah A, Fynn ANB, Osei-Somuah G, Ansong PN, Boakye AO, Ofori-Boadu I, Obirikorang Y, Adobasom-Anane AG, Nyarko EN, Balmer L. Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among undergraduate student population in Ghana: an evaluation study of body composition indices. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:877. [PMID: 38515106 PMCID: PMC10958924 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a classified risk factor for several of the world's leading causes of death. In this study, we combined information contained in body mass index (BMI), total percentage body fat (TPBF) and relative fat mass (RFM) to estimate obesity prevalence and examine the risk factors associated with obesity. METHODS The study recruited 1027 undergraduate students aged between 16 and 25 years using a cross-sectional study design and two-stage stratified random sampling between January and April 2019 from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. Demographic, lifestyle, and family history of chronic disease data, were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bioelectrical impedance, along with height, weight, age, and gender, were used to estimate BMI and TPBF. The RFM was calculated using a published equation. The TPBF and RFM ranges were evaluated based on standard BMI thresholds and an informative combined obesity prevalence estimated in a Bayesian framework. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate potential risk factors of overweight/obesity. RESULTS Concordance between BMI, TPBF and RFM for obesity classification was 84% among female and 82.9% among male students. The Bayesian analysis revealed a combined prevalence means of obesity of 9.4% (95%CI: 6.9-12.2%) among female students and 6.7% (95%CI:4.3-9.5%) among male students. The odds of obesity were increased between 1.8 and 2.5 for females depending on the classification index. A significant increasing trend of obesity was observed with university-level. A family history of obesity was associated with a high estimate of general, central, and high TPBF. CONCLUSION Using multiple adiposity indicators conjointly in a Bayesian framework offers a greater power to examine obesity prevalence. We have applied this and reported high obesity prevalence, especially among female students. University level and family history of obesity were key determinants for obesity among the student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Evans Asamoah Adu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - George Osei-Somuah
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Patience Nyarkoa Ansong
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Owusu Boakye
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ivy Ofori-Boadu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaa Obirikorang
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Eric Ny Nyarko
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia
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Konlan KD, Lee H, Afaya A. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adolescents living in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1431-1442. [PMID: 37272549 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2218280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension among adolescents in two selected districts in Ghana. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors of hypertension among adolescents. The overall prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) was 11.6%. The non-modifiable risk factors that predicted high BP were district of residence (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.328, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.328-0.203), age (AOR = 1.540, 95%CI = 1.240-1.913), relationship status (AOR = 1.960 95%CI = 1.059-3.628) and possessing a phone (AOR = 0.538, 95%CI = 0.325-0.890). The modifiable risk factors that predicted high BP were high BMI, not checking BP regularly, and not having an awareness of salt intake. In accordance with these results, prevention programs must focus on adolescent knowledge, lifestyle practices, and attitudes toward control measures. It is important to incorporate health education in school curricula to promote a healthy lifestyle and limit the risks associated with high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Diema Konlan
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Hyeonkyeong Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Agani Afaya
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Adal AB, Kassa RN, Habte MH, Jebesa MG, Ademe S, Tiruneh CT, Andualem A, Aynalem ZB, Bewket B. Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Addis Ababa terminals, Ethiopia, 2022: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292890. [PMID: 38359046 PMCID: PMC10868739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is a major public health problem that is often unrecognized, and its detection and control should be prioritized. The level of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Ethiopia is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among long-distance bus drivers in Addis Ababa bus terminals. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 long-distance bus drivers from December 15, 2021, to January 15 2022 at five cross-country bus terminals in Addis Ababa. A standardized and structured questionnaire was adapted based on the WHO stepwise approach to a non-communicable disease study and translated into Amharic. Data were coded, cleaned, and entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were selected for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Independent variables with a P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The magnitude of association between independent and dependent variables was measured by odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS In this study, 391 study participants were involved with a response rate of 97.1%. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 22.5% (CI: 18.7%, 26.6%). Poor level of knowledge (AOR: 2.00, CI: 1.08, 3.70), long duration of driving per day (AOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.37-4.56), habit of chewing of chat (AOR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.44, 4.73), regular alcohol consumption (AOR = 3.46; 95% CI: 1.70, 7.05), overweight (AOR:3.14, 95%CI: 1.54,6.42) obesity (AOR: 3.21, 95% CI 1.35, 7.61) and regular physical exercise (AOR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.29) were statistically significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among long-distance bus drivers was 22.5%, which was associated with modifiable behavioral factors, lack of regular physical exercise, lack of adequate awareness and high body mass index. RECOMMENDATION Stakeholders must implement the necessary preventive measures. These include increasing the level of awareness of hypertension among long-distance drivers and developing prevention of hypertension strategies and policies focusing on lifestyle and behavioral modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebaw Bires Adal
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Nursing, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Rahel Nega Kassa
- Department of Nursing, St. Paul’s Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Sewunet Ademe
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Nursing, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | | | - Atsedemariam Andualem
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Nursing, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdu Bishaw Aynalem
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Nursing, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Bewket
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Nursing, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
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Yussif MT, Morrison AE, Annan RA. 10-year level, trends and socio-demographic disparities of obesity among Ghanaian adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002844. [PMID: 38271466 PMCID: PMC10810441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The double burden of malnutrition has assumed severer forms in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) arising from sharper increases in prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in these countries compared to higher income countries. Considering that LMICs already have fragile health systems, the rising obesity levels may just be a ticking time bomb requiring expeditious implementation of priority actions by all global and national actors to prevent an explosion of cardiovascular disease related deaths. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a current estimate of obesity and overweight prevalence among Ghanaian adults and assess socio-demographic disparities following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched Pubmed with Medline, Embase, Science direct and African Journals Online (AJOL) for studies on overweight and obesity published between 2013 and January 2023. Applying a quality effects model, pooled mean Body Mass Index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity were obtained from 42 studies conducted across all three geographical locations of Ghana with a combined sample size of 29137. From the analysis, the mean BMI of adults in Ghana was 24.7 kgm-2 while overweight and obesity prevalence was estimated as 23.1% and 13.3% respectively. Temporal analysis showed sharper increases in overweight and obesity prevalence from 2017/2018. Mean BMI (Females: 25.3kgm-2 vrs Males: 23.1 kgm-2), overweight (Females: 25.9% vrs Males: 16.5%) and obesity (Females: 17.4% vrs Males: 5.5%) prevalence were higher among females than males. Gender differences in mean BMI and obesity prevalence were both significant at p<0.001. Urban dwellers had higher mean BMI than their rural counterparts (24.9kgm-2 vrs 24.4kgm-2). Overweight (27.6% vrs 18.2%) and obesity (17.3% vrs 11.0%) prevalence were also higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Body weight indicators for the various geographical areas of Ghana were; southern sector: 25.4kgm-2, 28.9% and 15.4%, middle sector: 24.8kgm-2, 26.4% and 16.2% and northern sector: 24.2kgm-2, 15.4% and 8.5% for mean BMI, overweight and obesity prevalence respectively. The southern part of Ghana was similar to the middle part in terms of mean BMI, overweight and obesity but higher than the northern part. We conclude that overweight and obesity prevalence in Ghana has risen to high levels in recent years with women and urban dwellers disproportionately more affected. There is a possible implication for increased cardiovascular diseases and a generally poor quality of life for the people. Evidence-based public health interventions are needed to reverse the current situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Titi Yussif
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Araba Egyirba Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Reginald Adjetey Annan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Echieh CP, Dele-Ojo BF, Ahmad Oseni TI, Blankson PK, Duodu F, Tayo BO, Alabi BS, Sarpong DF, Amoakoh-Coleman M, Boima V, Ogedegbe G. The use of telehealth technology for lifestyle modification among patients with hypertension in Nigeria and Ghana. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241297035. [PMID: 39534525 PMCID: PMC11555726 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241297035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sedentary lifestyle and consumption of an unhealthy diet are significantly associated with hypertension in Nigeria and Ghana. Increasing the uptake of physical activity and diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been a challenge in the region. This study aimed at assessing the effect of a mobile health intervention (mhealth) on physical activity, and fruits and vegetables intake in patients with hypertension in Nigeria and Ghana. Methods The study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in Mamprobi Hospital (MH) in Ghana, and State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH) in Nigeria. One hundred and sixteen consenting adult patients with hypertension were consecutively recruited and given regular reminders on physical activity and intake of fruits and vegetables via mobile app (mnotify®) for six months. All participants were followed up for six months and data collected at Baseline, three months and six months. Analysis was done using Stata 14 software (StataCorp. College Station, TX) assuming an alpha level of 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from both countries and ethical standards were followed. Results A total of 116 (53 from Ghana and 63 from Nigeria) patients with hypertension participated in the study. Respondents had a mean age of 61.0 ± 9.1 years, and were mostly females (64.7%). There was an increase in the level of physical activity which was significant by the third month (p < 0.0001) but became insignificant by the 6th month (p = 0.311). Fruits and vegetables intake also improved at 3 months (p = 0.054) and significantly at 6 months (p = 0.002). Conclusion The study found the use of telehealth as an effective tool for the delivery of adjunct therapy for lifestyle modification in the management of hypertension in Nigeria and Ghana. It is therefore recommended that telehealth be incorporated into the management of hypertension and other chronic diseases for better health outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bolade Folasade Dele-Ojo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Tijani Idris Ahmad Oseni
- Department of Family Medicine, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria
- Lifestyle and Behavioural Medicine Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
| | - Paa-Kwesi Blankson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Ghana/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fiifi Duodu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Biodun Sulyman Alabi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Daniel F Sarpong
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mary Amoakoh-Coleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra-Ghana
| | - Vincent Boima
- University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gbenga Ogedegbe
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Hart D, Maduka O, John A, Chinonye K, Ndubuisi O, Abiasianam U. Hypertension: risk perception and health seeking behaviour of long-distance drivers in Port Harcourt. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:315-323. [PMID: 38974304 PMCID: PMC11225487 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i4.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Driving as an occupation is associated with the occurrence of heart-related diseases such as hypertension. Objectives To assess the perception of modifiable risk factors of hypertension and the health seeking behaviour of long-distance commercial bus drivers in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain data from 272 long distance commercial drivers. Data were analysed descriptively using SPSS version 24.0. (p≤0.05). Results A total of 272 questionnaires were completed and returned (100%). Respondents' mean age was 43.4 ± 8.9. In scoring for perception of modifiable risk factors of hypertension among the drivers, (45.6%) respondents had a high perception score while 148 (54.4%) respondents had a low perception score. In assessing for health seeking behaviour, 190 (69.9%) had checked their blood pressure at least once in their lifetime, 80 (42.1%) of those who had checked, did so over a year ago. However, 18 (9.5%) respondents were on medication for hypertension in the last one month. Conclusion This study showed that a greater number of the drivers had a low perception of modifiable risk factors of hypertension. Regular health checks were also not observed among participants. There is need for targeted health education for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hart
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Omosivie Maduka
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Amarachi John
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Kemdirim Chinonye
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Opurum Ndubuisi
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Uduak Abiasianam
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Konlan KD, Lee H, Lee M, Kim Y, Lee H, Abdulai JA. Risk factors associated with the incidence and prevalence of hypertension in Ghana: an integrated review (2016-2021). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1132-1147. [PMID: 35578383 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2076814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study synthesized the risk factors associated with hypertension among adolescents and adults in Ghana. A systematic search in four databases between 2016 and 2021 retrieved 119 Ghanaian studies, and through screening, 16 were selected. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize extracted data. Prevalence of hypertension ranged from 13.0% to 28.4% and prehypertension 22.0% to 51.4%. The non-modifiable hypertension risk factors were age, marital status, gender, and residence. The modifiable risk factors were consuming additional table salt, salted meat, alcohol, canned meats, smoking, and psychological factors, including stress and anxiety. Also, higher education and socio-economic status, employment, access to medical insurance, overweight, and higher BMI were risk factors. Targeted, sustained, systematic, and effective intervention programs should target high-risk people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Diema Konlan
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Hyeonkyeong Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Nursing, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Nursing, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youlim Kim
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Nursing, Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juliana Asibi Abdulai
- University for Development Studies, University Health Services (Nursing), Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
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Batubo NP, Moore JB, Zulyniak MA. Dietary factors and hypertension risk in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1376-1388. [PMID: 37432889 PMCID: PMC10399948 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrary to North America and Europe, the prevalence of hypertension is rising in West Africa. Although diet is implicated as a contributor to this trend, nutritional guidelines in West Africa are not tailored to address this concern. This study aimed to address this limitation by investigating dietary factors common to West Africa and evaluating their association with hypertension. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline were searched to identify studies that investigated diet and hypertension in West African adults. All meta-analyses used a generic inverse-variance random effects model, with subgroup analyses by age, BMI, and study location, and were performed in R. RESULTS Three thousand, two hundred ninety-eight studies were identified, of which 31 ( n = 48 809 participants) satisfied inclusion criteria - all cross-sectional. Meta-analyses of the association between dietary factors and hypertension included dietary fat [odds ratio (OR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.44-2.14; P < 0.0001], red meat (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04-2.18; P = 0.03), junk-food (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.19-1.67; P < 0.0001), dietary salt (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.12-1.40; P < 0.0001), alcohol (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03-1.32; P = 0.013), and 'fruits and vegetables' (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.24-1.17; P < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses suggested that 'fruit and vegetable' consumption is less protective in the elderly. CONCLUSION High consumption of dietary salt, red meat, dietary fat, junk food, and alcohol are associated with increased odds of hypertension, whereas high fruit and vegetable appear protective. This region-specific evidence will support the development of nutritional assessment tools for clinicians, patients, and researchers aiming to reduce hypertension in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisoere P Batubo
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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11
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Shin J, Konlan KD. Prevalence and determinants of medication adherence among patients taking antihypertensive medications in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis 2010-2021. Nurs Open 2023; 10:3506-3518. [PMID: 36693022 PMCID: PMC10170912 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study synthesized the prevalence and determinants of hypertension medication adherence. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis through systematic search in PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Google Scholar, from 2010 to 2021. METHODS Screening was conducted and reported according to PRISMA criteria, and ten studies identified according to predetermined criteria. The studies were evaluated using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Analysis was done using the narrative synthesis method. Prevalence data were examined using random effects meta-analysis in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3. RESULTS The overall prevalence of medication adherence was 34.1%, and determinants of medication adherence were the ability to attain hypertension control; hypertension knowledge; and treatment-related factors including belief of the drug efficacy, having commodities, sociocultural and financial-related factors. It is imperative to develop, test and use a comprehensive hypertension medication adherence tool that is culturally congruent to Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Shin
- College of NursingWoosuk UniversityWanju‐gunKorea
| | - Kennedy Diema Konlan
- Mo‐Im Kim Nursing Research InstituteYonsei University College of NursingSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana
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Agyemang-Pambour B, Osei I, Boateng-Osei EA, Kwarteng A, Dzomeku V. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among public servants in Ejisu-Juaben municipality, Ghana. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 37189186 PMCID: PMC10186681 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We determined the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among public servants of Ejisu Juaben municipality. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypertension was 29.3% (95%CI:22.5-36.1%) and only 8.6% of the participants were aware of their hypertensive status. Respondents who were > 40 years were twice as likely to develop hypertension compared to those who were ≤ 40 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-5.32]. Those who were married were 2.54 times more likely to be hypertensive compared with those unmarried [AOR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.06-6.08]. Compared to health workers, Judicial and Security service workers were almost five times more likely to be hypertensive [AOR = 4.77, 95%CI: 1.20-18.96]. Being overweight [AOR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.06-6.41] and obese [AOR = 4.80, 95%CI: 1.82-12.91] was associated with increased odds of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension among the participants in this study is high. Employee wellness programs are needed at workplaces and the Ghana Health Service must adopt targeted intervention programs such as regular screening for non-communicable diseases and promotion of physical activities at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Agyemang-Pambour
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Isaac Osei
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, PO Box 273, Banjul, West Africa, The Gambia.
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Veronica Dzomeku
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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13
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Aminnejad B, Roumi Z, Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh N, Vahid F, Gholamalizadeh M, Kalantari N, Ataei A, Doaei S. Association of dietary antioxidant index with body mass index in adolescents. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:15-22. [PMID: 36789029 PMCID: PMC9913194 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary antioxidants may decrease body fat through reduction of oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and body mass index (BMI) in adolescent boys. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 593 adolescent boys aged 12-16 years were randomly selected and were divided into two groups of overweight and non-overweight individuals. Data on physical activity and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using 168-item semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the DAI score was calculated to measure the antioxidant capacity of the diet. Results The overweight adolescents had higher intake of energy (2490.55 ± 632.49 vs. 2354.33 ± 632.64 kcal/d, p = 0.01), carbohydrate (290.21 ± 71.41 vs. 272.93 ± 79.22 g/d, p = 0.01), fat (111.51 ± 40.76 vs. 104.51 ± 35.56 g/d, p = 0.04), calcium (811.70 ± 283.70 vs. 741.06 ± 251.17 g/d, p = 0.003), and vitamin D (1.41 ± 1.17 vs. 1.18 ± 1.19 μg/d, p = 0.031) in comparison with normal weight adolescents. The DAI had an inverse association with BMI after adjustment for age and caloric intake (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.96, p = 0.009). Additional adjustment for dietary intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, manganese, and selenium did not change the results. Conclusion The results of the study showed that following a diet rich in antioxidants may be effective in preventing obesity in adolescent boys. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these finding and to determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Aminnejad
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Roumi
- Master of Science Student of Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Farhad Vahid
- Population Health DepartmentPublic Health ResearchLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | | | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Asal Ataei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Lokpo SY, Amenyega W, Doe P, Osei-Yeboah J, Owiredu WKBA, Obirikorang C, Adu EA, Agordoh PD, Ativi E, Kortei NK, Ametepe S, Orish VN. Abdominal volume index is a better predictor of visceral fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Ho municipality, Ghana. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2022.2094882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Yao Lokpo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Wisdom Amenyega
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Prosper Doe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - James Osei-Yeboah
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - William KBA Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evans Asamoah Adu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Percival Delali Agordoh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Ativi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Nii Korley Kortei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Samuel Ametepe
- Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Verner Ndiduri Orish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Aitken SC, Lalla-Edward ST, Kummerow M, Tenzer S, Harris BN, Venter WDF, Vos AG. A Retrospective Medical Record Review to Describe Health Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of Bus Drivers in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15890. [PMID: 36497962 PMCID: PMC9738262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. The occupational challenges of bus drivers may increase their risk of CVD, including developing obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. We evaluated the medical records of 266 bus drivers visiting an occupational medical practice between 2007 and 2017 in Johannesburg, South Africa, to determine the health status of bus drivers and investigate risk factors for CVD, and their impact on the ability to work. The participants were in majority male (99.3%) with a median age of 41.2 years (IQR 35.2); 23.7% were smokers, and 27.1% consumed alcohol. The median body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 m/kg2 (IQR 7.1), with 63.1% of participants having above normal BMI. Smoking, BMI, and hypertension findings were in line with national South African data, but diabetes prevalence was far lower. Undiagnosed hypertension was found in 9.4% of participants, uncontrolled hypertension in 5.6%, and diabetes in 3.0%. Analysis by BMI category found that obesity was significantly associated with increased odds of hypertension. Uncontrolled hypertension was the main reason for being deemed 'unfit to work' (35.3%). Our research highlights the need for more regular screening for hypertension and interventions to address high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Aitken
- Genesis Analytics, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Samanta T. Lalla-Edward
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Maren Kummerow
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Tenzer
- Farraday Medical Centre, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
| | - Bernice N. Harris
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - W. D. Francois Venter
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Alinda G. Vos
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Diendéré J, Kaboré J, Bosu WK, Somé JW, Garanet F, Ouédraogo PV, Savadogo AA, Millogo A, Zeba AN. A comparison of unhealthy lifestyle practices among adults with hypertension aware and unaware of their hypertensive status: results from the 2013 WHO STEPS survey in Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1601. [PMID: 35999516 PMCID: PMC9396908 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adults who were aware and unaware of their hypertensive status and assessed the factors associated with being aware of one's hypertension among adults in Burkina Faso. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the World Health Organization Stepwise approach to surveillance survey conducted in 2013 in Burkina Faso. Lifestyle factors analysed were fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption, tooth cleaning, alcohol and tobacco use, body mass index and physical activity. RESULTS Among 774 adults living with hypertension, 84.9% (95% CI: 82.2-87.3) were unaware of their hypertensive status. The frequencies of unhealthy lifestyle practices in those aware vs. unaware were respectively: 92.3% vs. 96.3%, p = 0.07 for not eating, at least, five FV servings daily; 63.2% vs. 70.5%, p = 0.12 for not cleaning the teeth at least twice a day; 35.9% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.19 for tobacco and/or alcohol use; 53.9% vs. 25.4%, p = 0.0001 for overweight/obesity and 17.1% vs, 10.3%, p = 0.04 for physical inactivity. In logistic regression analysis, older age, primary or higher education, being overweight/obese [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.2; p < 0.0001], intake of adequate FV servings daily (aOR = 2.9; p = 0.023) and non-use of alcohol and tobacco (aOR = 0.6; p = 0.028) were associated with being aware of one's hypertensive status. CONCLUSION Undiagnosed hypertension was very high among Burkinabè adults living with hypertension. Those aware of their hypertension diagnosis did not necessarily practise healthier lifestyles than those not previously aware of their hypertension. Current control programmes should aim to improve hypertension awareness and promote risk reduction behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoffray Diendéré
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Jean Kaboré
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - William Kofi Bosu
- Department of Public Health and Research, West African Health Organisation (WAHO), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jérome Winbetouréfâ Somé
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Franck Garanet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Unité de Kaya, Kaya, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Abdoul Aziz Savadogo
- Université Nazi Boni/Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Athanase Millogo
- Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Ebrahimi H, Shayestefar M, Talebi SS, Christie J, Ebrahimi MH. Prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among professional drivers: a population-based study. Acta Cardiol 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35969164 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2045753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension is one of the most important causes of cardiovascular disease. It has been found that professional drivers are at high risk of hypertension. This study has been performed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among professional drivers in Shahroud. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of hypertension was determined according to the definition by the American Heart Association among 1461 professional drivers participating in the first cross-sectional phase of Shahroud drivers' prospective cohort study. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension was examined based on the initial age, and gender presented, along with the factors affecting this disease based on multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, stage 1 and 2 hypertension was 46.9%, 6%, and 1.3%, respectively. In the multivariate multinomial logistic regression model, having diabetes, Body Mass Index ≥25, and driving years was associated with an increased chance of developing elevated blood pressure and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Attention should be paid to high prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension among professional drivers in Iran as a health priority for drivers. Plans should be made to reduce it as well as to prevent its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ebrahimi
- Center for Health-Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mina Shayestefar
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Janice Christie
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi
- Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Edo GI, Nwosu LC. Association of alcohol use and dietary lifestyle of commercial drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:197. [PMID: 35818411 PMCID: PMC9261201 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol intake, particularly to cope up with stress and depression experienced by commercial drivers during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, is alarming as a rise in sales has been reported in certain countries during the quarantine. Alcoholism leads to malnutrition, either because those involved consume an insufficient amount of essential nutrients or because alcohol and its metabolism prevent the body from properly absorbing, digesting, and using those nutrients. This study was carried out to assess the association of alcohol use and dietary lifestyle of commercial motor drivers during the pandemic. RESULTS The anthropometric studies revealed that 69.5% of the respondents fall within the range of 18.5-24.49 indicating that they have normal weights. 63.5% reported daily consumption of alcohol, and 51% claimed that it does not affect their appetite, while 64.5% of the respondent stated that alcohol does not present them with any health problems. There was no significant association between the consumption of alcohol and nutritional status (p > 0.05), but a significant association between dietary lifestyle patterns and the nutritional status of participants was recorded (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It is, therefore, essential that commercial drivers are given adequate information and guidance on improving their dietary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Great Iruoghene Edo
- Department of Petroleum Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University of Science & Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Laurine Chikodiri Nwosu
- Department of Health Care Organizations Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Rike ME, Diress M, Dagnew B, Getnet M, Hasano Kebalo A, Sinamaw D, Solomon D, Akalu Y. Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Long-Distance Truck Drivers in Ethiopia. Integr Blood Press Control 2022; 15:67-79. [PMID: 35761970 PMCID: PMC9233485 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s361789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension is rising globally and is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. It affects people of different groups; however, owing to a rise in a sedentary lifestyle it is more prevalent among long-distance truck drivers. However, the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among truck drivers in Ethiopia is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among long-distance truck drivers in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 415 long-distance truck drivers selected by systematic random sampling technique at Modjo dry port from May 15 to 30, 2021. The data were collected and entered into Epi-data 4.6 then it was exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were executed. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed. In the final model, a variable with a p ≤ 0.05 was declared as a predictor of hypertension. Results The prevalence of hypertension among long-distance truck drivers in Ethiopia was 34.7%. The odds of hypertension was higher among drivers who were ≥45 years old [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.32; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 2.16, 8.62], obese [AOR= 5.12; 95% CI: 1.33, 19.8], alcohol drinkers [AOR=3.05; 95% CI: 1.27, 7.31], and cigarette smokers [AOR= 3.74; 95% CI: 1.64, 8.51]. Drivers who had regular physical exercise were less likely [AOR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.63] to have hypertension than drivers with no physical activity. Conclusion More than a third of the participants in Ethiopia had hypertension. Higher age, obesity, absence of rest between driving, short sleep duration, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical inactivity were significantly associated with hypertension. Therefore, health education on lifestyle modifications, sleep habits, and the importance of rest breaks between driving should be considered to prevent hypertension and further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ebrahim Rike
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistie Diress
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Dagnew
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Getnet
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Abbul Hasano Kebalo
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Derese Sinamaw
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Damtew Solomon
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
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Amponsem-Boateng C, Oppong TB, Zhang W, Boakye-Yiadom J, Wang L, Acheampong K, Opolot G. Screening of hypertension, risks, knowledge/awareness in second-cycle schools in Ghana. A national cross-sectional study among students aged 12-22. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:405-415. [PMID: 33790406 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In Ghana, the management of hypertension in primary health care is a cost-effective way of addressing premature deaths from vascular disorders that include hypertension. There is little or no evidence of large-scale studies on the prevalence, risk, and knowledge/awareness of hypertension in students aged 12-22 years in Ghana. In a cross-sectional study, blood pressure, anthropometric indices, and knowledge/awareness assessment of students at second-cycle schools were recorded from 2018 to 2020 in three regions of Ghana. Multistage cluster sampling was used in selecting regions and the schools. Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was categorized by the Joint National Committee 7, where appropriate, chi-square, scatter plots, and correlations were used in showing associations. A total of 3165 students comprising 1776 (56.1%) females and 1389 (43.9%) males participated in this study within three regions of Ghana. The minimum age was 12 years and the maximum age was 22 years. The mean age was 17.21 with standard deviation (SD: 1.59) years. A 95% confidence interval was set for estimations and a P value < 0.05 was set as significant. The prevalence rate of overall hypertension was 19.91% and elevated (prehypertension) was 26.07%. Risk indicators such as weight, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, and form of the diet were positively correlated with hypertension. Among Ghanaian students currently in second-cycle educational institutions, 19.91% were hypertensive and 26.07% were prehypertensive. This may indicate a probable high prevalence of hypertension in the future adult population if measures are not taken to curb the associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Amponsem-Boateng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Timothy Bonney Oppong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China.
| | | | - Lianke Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Kwabena Acheampong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Godfrey Opolot
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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21
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Ade S, Flatin MC, Wachinou PA, Badirou AS, Cissé IM, Adjobimey M, Agodokpessi G, Harries AD. Risk of obstructive sleep apnea among taxi-motorbike drivers in Parakou city in West Africa and associated factors with road traffic accidents. Chron Respir Dis 2022; 19:14799731211063231. [PMID: 35193415 PMCID: PMC8874154 DOI: 10.1177/14799731211063231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an underdiagnosed chronic respiratory disease, causing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and road traffic accidents (RTA). This study aimed to determine the risk of OSA among taxi-motorbike drivers (TMD) and factors associated with RTA in Parakou, Benin. METHODS A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out between July and September 2020, including 225 TMD and 450 motorbike drivers other than TMD (non-TMD). A multiple logistic regression was then performed to determine factors associated with RTA. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 38.2 ± 10.2 and 36.6 ±10.9 years, respectively, for TMD and non-TMD (p = .048). The average daily working time was 10.7 ± 2.3H and 9.1±3.5H, respectively, for TMD and non-TMD (p < .001). Average sleeping time was comparable in both groups (7.5±1.4H vs 7.4±1.4H; p = .415). TMD significantly more complained of non-restorative sleep (38.7% vs 18.4%; p < .001) but less of EDS (20.0% vs 28.7%; p = .015). Abdominal obesity predominated in TMD (13.8% vs 4.4%; p < .001). An increased risk of OSA (NoSAS score ≥8) was diagnosed in 25.8% TMD and 26.7% non-TMD (p = .805). Overall, 25.8% of TMD and 18.4% of non-TMD (p = .027) reported at least one RTA in the last 12 months. After adjusted analysis, the unique factor associated with RTA was a daily sleeping pills consumption (aOR=2.2; 95%CI = 1.2-3.8; p = .006). CONCLUSION There is need to improve systematic screening and diagnosis of OSA in both TMD and non-TMD and reinforce the regulation and consumption of sleeping pills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ade
- Faculty of Medicine, 247620University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Marius C Flatin
- Faculty of Medicine, 247620University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Prudence A Wachinou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 107790University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | | | - Mênonli Adjobimey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 107790University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Gildas Agodokpessi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 107790University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Anthony D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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22
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Ackah M, Ameyaw L, Salifu MG, Yeboah CO. Estimating the burden of hypertension and its significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053825. [PMID: 34952880 PMCID: PMC8712980 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to assess the burden and significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline via PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases and Africa Journal Online were searched from January 2010 to December 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES The authors included observational studies reporting on the burden and/or risk factors for hypertension among commercial drivers in SSA. Male adult population ≥18 years working as a commercial driver in SSA as well articles published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent coauthors used a prepared data extraction form to extract data from the eligible published papers and assessed the risk of bias. DerSimonian and Laird random effects model was used to pool the burden of hypertension and significant risk factors among male commercial drivers in SSA. The presence of heterogeneity among studies was quantified by estimating variance using both Cochrane's Q statistics and the I2 statistics. A subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS Overall, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria involving a total of 4285 male commercial drivers in SSA. The estimated pooled burden of hypertension among the male commercial drivers in SSA was 32% (95% CI 24% to 39%). The risk factors identified were age OR=1.10 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.15), overweight/obese OR=3.38 (95% CI 2.46 to 4.29), alcohol consumption OR=3.00 (95% CI 2.05 to 3.95) and duration of driving (≥5 years) OR=1.83 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.63). Funnel plot inspection and Egger's regression test of small effect (0.5838) showed no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Our review showed that nearly one-third of male commercial drivers in SSA have hypertension. Reduction of modifiable risk factors such as overweight/obesity, alcohol consumption and long-term driving through multifaceted implementation strategies are recommended for prevention and control of hypertension among male commercial drivers in SSA. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021250910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ackah
- Department of Physiotherapy, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Louise Ameyaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Mohammed Gazali Salifu
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Policy Planning Budgeting Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana
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23
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Parsons IT, Nicol ED, Holdsworth D, Guettler N, Rienks R, Davos CH, Halle M, Parati G. Cardiovascular risk in high-hazard occupations: the role of occupational cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:702-713. [PMID: 34918040 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Work is beneficial for health, but many individuals develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) during their working lives. Occupational cardiology is an emerging field that combines traditional cardiology sub-specialisms with prevention and risk management unique to specific employment characteristics and conditions. In some occupational settings incapacitation through CVD has the potential to be catastrophic due to the nature of work and/or the working environment. These are often termed 'hazardous' or 'high-hazard' occupations. Consequently, many organizations that employ individuals in high-hazard roles undertake pre-employment medicals and periodic medical examinations to screen for CVD. The identification of CVD that exceeds predefined employer (or regulatory body) risk thresholds can result in occupational restriction, or disqualification, which may be temporary or permanent. This article will review the evidence related to occupational cardiology for several high-hazard occupations related to aviation and space, diving, high altitude, emergency workers, commercial transportation, and the military. The article will focus on environmental risk, screening, surveillance, and risk management for the prevention of events precipitated by CVD. Occupational cardiology is a challenging field that requires a broad understanding of general cardiology, environmental, and occupational medicine principles. There is a current lack of consensus and contemporary evidence which requires further research. Provision of evidence-based, but individualized, risk stratification and treatment plans is required from specialists that understand the complex interaction between work and the cardiovascular system. There is a current lack of consensus and contemporary evidence in occupational cardiology and further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain T Parsons
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edward D Nicol
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Holdsworth
- Academic Department of Military Medicine, Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Norbert Guettler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine, Fuerstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Rienk Rienks
- CardioExpert, Outpatient Clinic for Sports and Occupational Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Research, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Shin J, Konlan KD, Mensah E. Health promotion interventions for the control of hypertension in Africa, a systematic scoping review from 2011 to 2021. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260411. [PMID: 34843567 PMCID: PMC8629234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A proportion of hypertension patients live in developing countries with low awareness, poor control capabilities, and limited health resources. Prevention and control of hypertension can be achieved by applying both targeted and population-based health promotion interventions. This study synthesised the health promotion interventions for the control of hypertension in Africa. METHODS An in-depth search of PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane library, web of science, google scholar yielded 646 titles and 615 after duplicates were removed. Full text (112) was screened, and ten articles were selected. The data analysis method was thematic analysis through the incorporation of convergent synthesis. The major sub-themes that were identified were reduction in the prevalence of hypertension, increase in knowledge, impact and feasibility, role in the reduction of risk factors, and the cost associated with health promotion interventions. RESULTS Health promotion interventions led to a remarkable decrease in the prevalence of hypertension, increased knowledge and awareness in the intervention compared to the control groups. Community-based interventions were noted to have a positive impact on people's adoption of measures to reduce risk or identify early symptoms of hypertension. There was a significant relationship for the reduction in salt consumption, smoking, alcohol use, and increased physical activity after the administration of an intervention. Interventions using community health workers were cost-effective. CONCLUSION To sustain health promotion interventions and achieve control of hypertension especially in the long term, interventions must be culturally friendly and incorporate locally available resources in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Shin
- Mo-im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kennedy Diema Konlan
- Mo-im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Eugenia Mensah
- War Memorial Hospital, Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana
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25
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Development of Comfort and Safety Performance of Passenger Seats in Large City Buses. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14227471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A bus seat needs to be designed ergonomically for better seating comfort. The present study is intended to develop a cost-effective ergonomic bus seat design based on seat comfort and safety demands. As part of the proposed seat design procedure, seating comfort analysis, identifying preferred design features, and developing a seat design are included. An analysis of the bus seat back and seat pan profiles was conducted. Based on the results of the comfort analysis, the authors identified the preferred design features of bus seats during the design identification process. An improved bus seat prototype was developed based on selected design features in the design development stage. Seating comfort analyses were used to compare the achieved seat with the reference seat. The seat design developed in the present study may be applicable for various types of bus public transport.
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26
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Atibila F, Hoor GT, Donkoh ET, Wahab AI, Kok G. Prevalence of hypertension in Ghanaian society: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment. Syst Rev 2021; 10:220. [PMID: 34364395 PMCID: PMC8349493 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has become an important public health concern in the developing world owing to rising prevalence and its adverse impact on ailing health systems. Despite being a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension has not received the needed attention in Ghana as a result of various competing interests for scarce health resources. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a comprehensive and updated summary of the literature on the prevalence of hypertension in Ghana. METHODS Major databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar and local thesis repositories were accessed to identify population-based studies on hypertension among Ghanaians. Data extracted from retrieved reports were screened independently by two reviewers. The quality of eligible studies was evaluated and reported. A reliable pooled estimate of hypertension prevalence was calculated utilizing a random-effects model and reported according to the GRADE framework. Additionally, a meta-regression analysis was performed to analyze the contribution of study-level variables to variance in hypertension prevalence. RESULTS In general, a total of 45,470 subjects (n = 22,866 males and 22,604 females) were enrolled from urban (n = 12), rural (n = 8), and mixed populations (n = 7). Blood pressure (BP) was measured across studies according to a validated and clinically approved protocol by trained field workers or healthcare workers including nurses and physicians. A combined total of 30,033 participants across twenty studies reporting on the population prevalence of hypertension were pooled with 10,625 (35.4%) identified to satisfy study criteria for elevated BP. The pooled prevalence across 24 studies was 30.3% (95% CI 26.1-34.8%) after fitting a random effects model. Prevalence of hypertension was 30.1% (95% CI 25.6-36.0%) among females and 34.0% (95% CI 28.5-40.0%) among males. Significant differences in pooled estimates across regions emerged from subgroup comparisons of regional estimates with an increasing trend in the north-to-south direction and with increasing age. Compared to rural settings, the burden of hypertension in urban populations was significantly higher. Age structure and population type accounted for 65.0% of the observed heterogeneity in hypertension estimates. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypertension in Ghana is still high. The gap in hypertension prevalence between rural and urban populations is closing especially in elderly populations. These findings must claim the attention of public health authorities in Ghana to explore opportunities to reduce rural hypertension. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The protocol for this review has been published previously with PROSPERO ( CRD42020215829 ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gill Ten Hoor
- Department of Works and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, UNS40, 4755, Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of Energy and Natural Resources, UENR, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana.
| | - Abdul Iddrisu Wahab
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Energy and Natural Resources, UENR, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Gerjo Kok
- Maastricht University, UNS40A4.732, Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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27
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dos Santos EA, Ribeiro AEC, Oliveira AR, Monteiro MLG, Mársico ET, Morgano M, Caliari M, Soares Júnior MS. Sodium reduction in “spam-like” product elaborated with mechanically separated tilapia meat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Marbaniang SP, Lhungdim H, Yadav B, Yajurvedi VK. Overweight/obesity risks and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in North Eastern India: An analysis using seemingly unrelated probit model. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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29
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Mogas SB, Tesfaye T, Zewde B, Tesfaye Y, Kebede A, Tadesse M, Gudina EK, Tamiru D, Dadi LS. Burden of Undiagnosed Hypertension among Adults in Urban Communities of Southwest Ethiopia. Integr Blood Press Control 2021; 14:69-76. [PMID: 34054307 PMCID: PMC8153066 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s293251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension (HTN) is the leading risk factor for mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, it accounts for 7% of global disability adjusted life years. In 2015, it was estimated that around 1.13 billion adults had HTN globally with a high prevalence in low and middle-income countries where the health system is weak to diagnose, treat, and control HTN. Most people with HTN are asymptomatic and go undiagnosed for years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the burden of undiagnosed HTN among adults in urban communities of Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study involving 915 adults from June 17 to July 27, 2019 was performed. WHO STEPS questionnaire was used to collect data, and the collected data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1and analyzed using SPSS version 20, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to check for a possible association between outcome and independent factors. P-value <0.05 and 95% CI were used on multivariable logistic regression analysis as threshold for significant statistical association. Results Undiagnosed HTN in the study area was 21.2% (194). Age (AOR=1.04, 95% CI=1.02–1.05), BMI with overweight (AOR=2.52, 95% CI=1.35–4.71), triglyceride (AOR=1.83, 95% CI=1.29–2.59), and waist to hip ratio (AOR=1.62, 95% CI=1.03–2.54) were factors significantly associated with HTN. Conclusion As compared to studies performed before, the risk of undiagnosed HTN in the current study was high. Age, BMI, triglyceride, and waist to hip ratios were found to be the significant factors for it. Preventing the risk factors and screening of HTN should be promoted for early detection, prevention, and treatment of the burden of the disease on the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Temamen Tesfaye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Zewde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Ayantu Kebede
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Mulualem Tadesse
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Kebede Gudina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Dessalegn Tamiru
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Lelisa Sena Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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30
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Golzarand M, Salari-Moghaddam A, Mirmiran P. Association between alcohol intake and overweight and obesity: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 127 observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8078-8098. [PMID: 33998940 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1925221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have assessed the relationship between alcohol intake and overweight/obesity; however, the reported results are inconsistent. Therefore, the present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies was designed to investigate the association between alcohol intake and general and abdominal obesity among the adults. Literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases up to August 2020. Odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to pool effect size. To conduct dose-response meta-analysis, amount of alcohol intake was classified into three categories including light (<14 g/d), moderate (14-28 g/d), and heavy (>28 g/d). In the present study, 127 eligible studies were included. In cohort studies, there was no significant association between alcohol drinking and risk of overweight (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.46 to 1.89), obesity (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.37), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.58), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.41). In cross-sectional studies, alcohol intake was associated with the increased odds of overweight (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.18), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.37), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.29); but not obesity (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.12). Results of dose-response analysis indicated that heavy alcohol drinking was positively associated with odds of overweight (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.24), overweight/obesity (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.51), and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.38) compared to non- or light alcohol drinking. There was no publication bias among studied on outcomes of interest. In conclusion, our results revealed alcohol drinkers, especially heavy alcohol drinkers, had increased odds of overweight, overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity than non-alcohol drinker or light alcohol drinkers among cross-sectional studies but not cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Salari-Moghaddam
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bosu WK, Bosu DK. Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248137. [PMID: 33667277 PMCID: PMC7935309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major health problem in Ghana, being a leading cause of admissions and deaths in the country. In the context of a changing food and health policy environment, we undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020177174) and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of adult hypertension, and its awareness and control in Ghana. METHODS We searched major databases including PubMed, Embase as well as Google Scholar and online digital collections of public universities of Ghana to locate relevant published and unpublished community-based articles up till April 2020. FINDINGS Eighty-five articles involving 82,045 apparently-healthy subjects aged 15-100 years were analyzed. In individual studies, the prevalence of hypertension, defined in most cases as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, ranged from 2.8% to 67.5%. The pooled prevalence from the meta-analysis was 27.0% (95% CI 24.0%-30.0%), being twice as high in the coastal (28%, 95% CI: 24.0%-31.0%) and middle geo-ecological belts (29%, 95% CI: 25.0%-33.0%) as in the northern belt (13%, 95% CI: 7.0%-21.0%). The prevalence was similar by sex, urban-rural residence or peer-review status of the included studies. It did not appear to vary over the study year period 1976-2019. Of the subjects with hypertension, only 35% (95% CI: 29.0%-41.0%) were aware of it, 22% (95% CI: 16.0%-29.0%) were on treatment and 6.0% (95% CI: 3.0%-10.0%) had their blood pressure controlled. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the robust estimates. There was, however, high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.7%) across the studies which was partly explained by prevalent obesity in the subjects. CONCLUSION More than one in four adults in Ghana have hypertension. This high prevalence has persisted for decades and is similar in rural and urban populations. With the low awareness and poor control of hypertension, greater investments in cardiovascular health are required if Ghana is to meet the global target for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kofi Bosu
- Department of Public Health and Research, West African Health Organisation, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Dary Kojo Bosu
- Department of Paediatrics, St Dominic’s Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana
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Naghipour M, Joukar F, Salari A, Asgharnezhad M, Hassanipour S, Mansour-Ghanaei F. Epidemiologic Profile of Hypertension in Northern Iranian Population: The PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS). Ann Glob Health 2021; 87:14. [PMID: 33614420 PMCID: PMC7879995 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estimates region-related prevalence of hypertension and attempts to identify its related factors at the district levels are required for prevention and management of hypertension. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemic features and related factors of hypertension and its awareness, treatment, and control rates among the northern Iranian population. Methods It was a community based cross-sectional study based on data from PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS). In total, 10,520 participants (aged 35-70 years) from the Guilan Province in northern Iran included in this study, between October 8, 2014, and January 20, 2017. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or a prior diagnosis of hypertension or being on antihypertensive medication. Potential correlates of hypertension and its awareness, treatment and control were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression adjusted for demographic factors, anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle variables, past medical history, and laboratory data. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 43.2% and the hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rate were 53.4%, 49.8%, and 73.7%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that older age, urbanization, lower education, overweight and obesity, lower physical activity, prediabetes and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric disorder, positive family history of hypertension and raised serum creatinine were independently associated with presence of hypertension. Awareness of hypertension was greater in the female sex, older age, rural residency, higher education and patient with comorbidities. Older age, rural residency and comorbidities were associated with treatment of hypertension. Control of hypertension was better among younger age, higher education, normal weight and higher physical activity. Conclusion Hypertension is highly prevalent in the northern Iranian population. About half of affected persons are unaware of their disease and untreated. Modifying risk factors (such as weight lose and increase physical activity) and increasing hypertension awareness (by screening) is essential for primary and secondary prevention of high blood pressure in this population, especially in urban areas and among males, younger ages, and less educated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Naghipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Asgharnezhad
- Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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