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Fanaei H, Shoorijeh BT, Hafezinouri H, Mirzaei I, Parsi-Moud A. Impact of social isolation on corticosterone release and recovery after stroke in aged rats: A behavioral and biochemical analysis. Exp Gerontol 2024; 192:112453. [PMID: 38723916 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) after stroke reduces recovery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SI on corticosterone release and recovery after stroke in aged rats. A total of 64 male Wistar rats (aged 24 months) were used in the present study. All rats were housed in pairs for two weeks. After two weeks, rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) rats underwent sham surgery and kept socially isolated (control/social isolated (CO/SI) group); (2) rats underwent sham surgery and kept pair housed (control/pair housed (CO/PH) group); (3) rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery and kept socially isolated (stroke/isolated (ST/SI) group); (4) rats underwent MCAO surgery and kept pair housed (stroke/pair housed (ST/PH)) group. Behaviors were assessed using the adhesive removal test, rotarod test and social interaction test at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days after stroke. Serum biochemical analysis was also performed on the behavioral testing days. Results showed THAT serum corticosterone and MDA levels in CO/PH group were significantly lower than CO/SI group. Serum BDNF levels in CO/PH group was significantly higher than CO/SI group. Serum corticosterone and MDA levels in ST/PH group were lower than ST/SI group. In ST/PH group, serum Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and BDNF levels were significantly higher than ST/SI group. Biochemical analysis of certain regions of the brain (hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex) was performed on 21st day after stroke. In the hippocampus of CO/PH group, BDNF and TAC levels were significantly higher than CO/SI group. The hippocampal MDA level of CO/PH group were significantly lower than CO/SI group. BDNF and TAC levels in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex of ST/PH group were significantly higher and MDA level was significantly lower as compared with ST/SI group. Both ischemic groups showed sensorimotor recovery over a 21-day period, but recovery of ST/PH group was significantly greater than ST/SI group. Total social interaction time in ST/PH group was significantly longer than ST/SI group. Based on the results of this study, social interaction after stroke enhances histologic and sensorimotor recovery through reduction of HPA activity and corticosterone release, leading to increased TAC and BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Fanaei
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Hafezinouri
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ilia Mirzaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Parsi-Moud
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Jhuo CF, Chen CJ, Tzen JTC, Chen WY. Teaghrelin protected dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease animal model by promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1-α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:4022-4034. [PMID: 38622810 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, a common cellular hallmark in both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), is assumed to play a significant role in pathologic development and progression of the disease. Teaghrelin, a unique bioactive compound in some oolong tea varieties, has been demonstrated to protect SH-SY5Y cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium induced neurotoxicity by binding to the ghrelin receptor to activate the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. In this study, an animal model was established using a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a byproduct of a prohibited drug, to evaluate the oral efficacy of teaghrelin on PD by monitoring motor dysfunction of mice in open field, pole, and bean walking tests. The results showed that MPTP-induced motor dysfunction of mice was significantly attenuated by teaghrelin supplementation. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter protein were found reduced in the striatum and midbrain of MPTP-treated mice, and significantly mitigated by teaghrelin supplementation. Furthermore, teaghrelin administration enhanced mitophagy and mitochondria biogenesis, which maintained cell homeostasis and prevented the accumulation of αSyn and apoptosis-related proteins. It seemed that teaghrelin protected dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-treated mice by increasing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondria biogenesis, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in maintaining dopaminergic neurons function in PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a common cellular hallmark in both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), is assumed to play a significant role in pathologic development and progression of the disease. Teaghrelin, a unique bioactive compound in some oolong tea varieties, has been demonstrated to protect SH-SY5Y cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium induced neurotoxicity by binding to the ghrelin receptor to activate the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. In this study, an animal model was established using a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a byproduct of a prohibited drug, to evaluate the oral efficacy of teaghrelin on PD by monitoring motor dysfunction of mice in open field, pole, and bean walking tests. The results showed that MPTP-induced motor dysfunction of mice was significantly attenuated by teaghrelin supplementation. Tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter protein were found reduced in the striatum and midbrain of MPTP-treated mice, and significantly mitigated by teaghrelin supplementation. Furthermore, teaghrelin administration enhanced mitophagy and mitochondria biogenesis, which maintained cell homeostasis and prevented the accumulation of αSyn and apoptosis-related proteins. It seemed that teaghrelin protected dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-treated mice by increasing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondria biogenesis, highlighting its potential therapeutic role in maintaining dopaminergic neurons function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian-Fen Jhuo
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jason T C Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Xu X, Li J, Liu M, Zhang B. Neuroprotective effect of marrubiin against MPTP-induced experimental Parkinson's disease in male wistar rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38847585 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2364191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we have analyzed the neuroprotective activity of marrubiin against MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in rat brains. MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine) a neurotoxin was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.,) to rats and then treated using marrubiin. After marrubiin treatment, rats were trained, and tested for behavioral analyses like cognitive performance, open field test, rotarod test, grip strength test, beam walking test, the status of body weight, and striatal levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, DOPAC, homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid, the status of oxidative stress markers like LPO, protein carbonyl content (PCC), Xanthine oxidase (XO), and status of antioxidant enzyme levels like SOD, CAT, GPX in the striatum and hippocampal tissues, status of neuroinflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL1β, IL-6, and status of histological architecture in brain striatum were also analyzed. All these parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) abnormal in MPTP-induced rats. Marrubiin (MB) treated shows significant (p < 0.05) near normal behavioral restoration in cognitive performance, open field, rotarod, grip strength, and beam walking tests. Furthermore, the status of body weight, and levels of neurotransmitters, were also significantly (p < 0.05) reversed to near normalcy in marrubiin-treated rats. Similarly, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme levels in the striatum and hippocampal tissues, TNF-α, IL1β, IL-6 levels, and histological architecture were noted to be restored to near normalcy in marrubiin-treated rats. Collectively, our preliminary results highlight the neuroprotective ability of marrubiin. However, the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of marrubiin's neuroprotective ability have to be studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingde Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baoyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Wang S, Li C, Kang X, Su X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Deng X, Huang H, Li T, Lu D, Cai W, Lu Z, Wei L, Lu T. Agomelatine promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and preserves white matter integrity after cerebral ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241260100. [PMID: 38853430 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241260100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
White matter injury contributes to neurological disorders after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The repair of white matter injury is dependent on the re-myelination by oligodendrocytes. Both melatonin and serotonin antagonist have been proved to protect against post-stroke white matter injury. Agomelatine (AGM) is a multi-functional treatment which is both a melatonin receptor agonist and selective serotonin receptor antagonist. Whether AGM protects against white matter injury after stroke and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of AGM in stroke mice. Sensorimotor and cognitive functions, white matter integrity, oligodendroglial regeneration and re-myelination in stroke hemisphere after AGM treatment were analyzed. We found that AGM efficiently preserved white matter integrity, reduced brain tissue loss, attenuated long-term sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in tMCAO models. AGM treatment promoted OPC differentiation and enhanced re-myelination both in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, although OPC proliferation was unaffected. Mechanistically, AGM activated low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling thus promoted OPC differentiation and re-myelination after stroke. Inhibition of PPARγ or knock-down of LRP1 in OPCs reversed the beneficial effects of AGM. Altogether, our data indicate that AGM represents a novel therapy against white matter injury after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotao Su
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huipeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiemei Li
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Department of Neurology, Mental and Neurological Disease Research Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sümer Coşkun A, Bülbül M, Çeker T, Özak A, Tanrıöver G, Elif Gürer İ, Tuzcu Balaban H, Göksu E, Aslan M. Protective Effects of Adropin in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00239-2. [PMID: 38851381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate early effects of exogenously administered adropin (AD) on neurological function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, nitrite/nitrate levels, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS Following intracerebroventricular AD administration (10 µg/5 µl at a rate of 1 µl/min) SAH model was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats by injection of autologous blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. The effects of AD were assessed 24 hours following SAH. The modified Garcia score was employed to evaluate functional insufficiencies. Adropin and caspase-3 proteins were measured by ELISA, while nitrite/nitrate levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) were assayed by standard kits. eNOS expression and apoptotic neurons were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The SAH group performed notably lower on the modified Garcia score compared to sham and SAH + AD groups. Adropin administration increased brain eNOS expression, nitrite/nitrate and AD levels compared to SHAM and SAH groups. SAH produced enhanced ROS/RNS generation and reduced antioxidant capacity in the brain. Adropin boosted brain TAC and diminished ROS/RNS production in SAH rats and no considerable change amongst SHAM and SAH + AD groups were detected. Apoptotic cells were notably increased in intensity and number after SAH and were reduced by AD administration. CONCLUSIONS Adropin increases eNOS expression and reduces neurobehavioral deficits, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death in SAH model. Presented results indicate that AD provides protection in early brain injury associated with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Sümer Coşkun
- Division of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Kepez State Hospital, 07320 Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Çeker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Özak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Tanrıöver
- Department of Histology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
| | - İnanç Elif Gürer
- Department Pathology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
| | - Hazal Tuzcu Balaban
- Department Pathology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
| | - Ethem Göksu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
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Kang JB, Koh PO. Retinoic acid alleviates the reduction of Akt and Bad phosphorylation and regulates Bcl-2 family protein interactions in animal models of ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303213. [PMID: 38753710 PMCID: PMC11098415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes a lack of oxygen and glucose supply to brain, eventually leads to severe neurological disorders. Retinoic acid is a major metabolic product of vitamin A and has various biological effects. The PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is an important survival pathway in brain. Phosphorylated Akt is important in regulating survival and apoptosis. We examined whether retinoic acid has neuroprotective effects in stroke model by regulating Akt and its downstream protein, Bad. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between retinoic acid and Bcl-2 family protein interactions. Animals were intraperitoneally administered vehicle or retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) for four days before surgery and ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. Neurobehavioral tests were performed 24 h after MCAO and cerebral cortical tissues were collected. Cresyl violet staining and TUNEL histochemistry were performed, Western blot and immunoprecipitation analysis were performed to elucidate the expression of various proteins. Retinoic acid reduced neurological deficits and histopathological changes, decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and alleviated reduction of phospho-PDK1, phospho-Akt, and phospho-Bad expression caused by MCAO damage. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that MCAO damage reduced the interaction between phospho-Bad and 14-3-3, which was attenuated by retinoic acid. Furthermore, retinoic acid mitigated the increase in Bcl-2/Bad and Bcl-xL/Bad binding levels and the reduction in Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax binding levels caused by MCAO damage. Retinoic acid alleviated MCAO-induced increase of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 expression. We demonstrate that retinoic acid prevented apoptosis against cerebral ischemia through phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, maintenance of phospho-Bad and 14-3-3 binding, and regulation of Bcl-2 family protein interactions. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Lee S, Kim J, You JS, Hyun YM, Kim JY, Lee JE. Ischemic stroke outcome after promoting CD4+CD25+ Treg cell migration through CCR4 overexpression in a tMCAO animal model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10201. [PMID: 38702399 PMCID: PMC11068779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of neuroinflammation during the ischemic stroke has been extensively studied. The role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells during the recovery phase have shown infarct size reduction and functional improvement, possibly through the mitigation of inflammatory immune responses. We aimed to investigate the molecular factors involved in microglia-Treg cell communication that result in Treg trafficking. First, we observed the migration patterns of CD8+ (cytotoxic) T cells and Treg cells and then searched for chemokines released by activated microglia in an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. The transwell migration assay showed increased migration into OGD media for both cell types, in agreement with the increase in chemokines involved in immune cell trafficking from the mouse chemokine profiling array. MSCV retrovirus was transduced to overexpress CCR4 in Treg cells. CCR4-overexpressed Treg cells were injected into the mouse transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model to evaluate the therapeutic potential via the tetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay and behavioral tests. A general improvement in the prognosis of animals after tMCAO was observed. Our results suggest the increased mobility of CCR4-overexpressed Treg cells in response to microglia-derived chemokines in vitro and the therapeutic potential of Treg cells with increased mobility in cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seowoo Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Sung You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pilipenko V, Upite J, Revina BL, Jansone B. Long-Term Alterations in Motor Skills, Neurogenesis and Astrocyte Numbers following Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:658. [PMID: 38674304 PMCID: PMC11052140 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Neurogenesis is an integral process in post-stroke recovery, involving the recruitment of proliferating neuroblasts from neurogenic niches of the mammal brain. However, the role of neurogenesis in the long-term restoration following ischemic stroke is fragmented. Post-stroke motor dysfunction includes challenges in the proper, coordinated use of hands and is present in roughly two-thirds of human patients. In this study, we investigated chronic behavioral and biochemical alterations after transient cerebral ischemia in adult male mice. Materials and Methods: Twelve-week-old C57BL/6N male mice were used, and fMCAo lasting 60 min was induced. At multiple timepoints after fMCAo induction, a single pellet reaching task was performed. Six months after the procedure, we immunohistochemically determined the number of proliferating neuroblasts (BrdU and DCX-positive) and the number of differentiated astrocytes (GFAP-positive) in both brain hemispheres. Results: The reaching ability of fMCAo mice was impaired from one month to six months after the induction of ischemia. Neuroblast proliferation was increased in the ipsilateral SVZ, whereas GFAP+ cell count was elevated in the hippocampal DG of both hemispheres of the fMCAo group mice. Conclusions: Our current report demonstrates the long-term effects of transient cerebral ischemia on mice functional parameters and neurogenesis progression. Our data demonstrate that transient cerebral ischemia promotes a long-lasting regenerative response in the ipsilateral brain hemisphere, specifically in the neurogenic SVZ and DG regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimirs Pilipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (J.U.); (B.L.R.)
| | | | | | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (J.U.); (B.L.R.)
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Bu F, Min JW, Razzaque MA, El Hamamy A, Patrizz A, Qi L, Urayama A, Li J. Activation of cerebral Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac) 1 promotes post-ischemic stroke functional recovery in aged mice. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:881-886. [PMID: 37843224 PMCID: PMC10664129 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain functional impairment after stroke is common; however, the molecular mechanisms of post-stroke recovery remain unclear. It is well-recognized that age is the most important independent predictor of poor outcomes after stroke as older patients show poorer functional outcomes following stroke. Mounting evidence suggests that axonal regeneration and angiogenesis, the major forms of brain plasticity responsible for post-stroke recovery, diminished with advanced age. Previous studies suggest that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac) 1 enhances stroke recovery as activation of Rac1 improved behavior recovery in a young mice stroke model. Here, we investigated the role of Rac1 signaling in long-term functional recovery and brain plasticity in an aged (male, 18 to 22 months old C57BL/6J) brain after ischemic stroke. We found that as mice aged, Rac1 expression declined in the brain. Delayed overexpression of Rac1, using lentivirus encoding Rac1 injected day 1 after ischemic stroke, promoted cognitive (assessed using novel object recognition test) and sensorimotor (assessed using adhesive removal tests) recovery on days 14-28. This was accompanied by the increase of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells in the peri-infarct zone assessed by immunostaining. In a reverse approach, pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 by intraperitoneal injection of Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 for 14 successive days after ischemic stroke worsened the outcome with the reduction of neurite and proliferative endothelial cells. Furthermore, Rac1 inhibition reduced the activation of p21-activated kinase 1, the protein level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and increased the protein level of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ischemic brain on day 28 after stroke. Our work provided insight into the mechanisms behind the diminished plasticity after cerebral ischemia in aged brains and identified Rac1 as a potential therapeutic target for improving functional recovery in the older adults after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Wei Min
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Md Abdur Razzaque
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmad El Hamamy
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Patrizz
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Qi
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Bakhtazad S, Ghotbeddin Z, Tabandeh MR, Rahimi K. Alpha-pinene ameliorate behavioral deficit induced by early postnatal hypoxia in the rat: study the inflammatory mechanism. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6416. [PMID: 38494527 PMCID: PMC10944845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia has a negative impact on the developing brain during the sensitive period. Inflammation plays a key role in the physiological response to hypoxic stress. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of alpha-pinene, which has received a lot of attention in recent years, in this research we focused on the impact of alpha-pinene on the behavioral responses and proinflammatory factors in rats subjected to the neonatal hypoxia. This study involved Wistar rats (7-day-old) that were divided into six experimental groups, including a control group, groups receiving different doses of alpha-pinene (5 and 10 mg/kg), a hypoxia group receiving 7% O2 and 93% N2, 90 min duration for 7 days, and groups receiving alpha-pinene 30 min before hypoxia. All injections were done intraperitoneally. The rats were evaluated for proinflammatory factors 24 h after exposure to hypoxia (PND14) and at the end of the behavioral test (PND54). The results showed that hypoxia led to decreased motor activity, coordination, and memory, as well as increased inflammation. However, the rats that received alpha-pinene showed improved behavioral responses and reduced inflammation compared to the hypoxia group (all cases p < 0.05). This suggests that alpha-pinene may have a protective effect via anti-inflammatory properties against the negative impacts of hypoxia on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Bakhtazad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kaveh Rahimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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11
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Lin C, He C, Li L, Liu Y, Tang L, Ni Z, Zhang N, Lai T, Chen X, Wang X. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via inhibiting STING-NLRP3 inflammatory signaling. Neuroreport 2024; 35:250-257. [PMID: 38305103 PMCID: PMC10852041 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is intimately associated with poor prognosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a disulfide antioxidant, has been shown to be neuroprotective in an in vivo model of neurological injury; however, the role of ALA in SAH has never been evaluated. In this study, the Sprague-Dawley rats SAH model was induced by endovascular perforation method. ALA was transplanted intravenously into rats, and SR-717, a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, was injected intraperitoneally. The effects of ALA on early brain injury were assayed by neurological score, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining. Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting were used to analyze various proteins. ALA significantly reduced STING- NLRP3 protein expression and decreased cell death, which in turn mitigated the neurobehavioral dysfunction following SAH. Furthermore, coadministration of ALA and SR-717 promoted STING-NLRP3 signaling pathway activation following SAH, which reversed the inhibitory effect of ALA on STING-NLRP3 protein activation and increased the neurological deficits. In conclusion, ALA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnan Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunliu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Zepeng Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Naichong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Tinghai Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
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12
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Zhao B, Zhang S, Amin N, Pan J, Wu F, Shen G, Tan M, Shi Z, Geng Y. Thymoquinone regulates microglial M1/M2 polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via the TLR4 signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2024; 101:54-67. [PMID: 38325603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke followed by microglia activation, and the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses after ischemic injury involves microglia polarization. microglia polarization is involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses and ischemic stroke-related brain damage. Thymoquinone (TQ) is an anti-inflammatory agent following ischemic stroke onset. However, the significance of TQ in microglia polarization following acute ischemic stroke is still unclear. We predicted that TQ might have neuroprotective properties by modulating microglia polarization. In this work, we mimicked the clinical signs of acute ischemic stroke using a mouse middle cerebral artery ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model. It was discovered that TQ treatment decreased I/R-induced infarct volume, cerebral oedema, and promoted neuronal survival, as well as improved the histopathological changes of brain tissue. The sensorimotor function was assessed by the Garica score, foot fault test, and corner test, and it was found that TQ could improve the motor deficits caused by I/R. Secondly, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, immuno-fluorescence, ELISA, and western blot were used to detect the expression of M1/M2-specific markers in microglia to explore the role of TQ in the modulation of microglial cell polarization after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. We found that TQ was able to promote the polarization of microglia with extremely secreted inflammatory factors from M1 type to M2 type. Furthermore, TQ could block the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway via Hif-1α activation which subsequently may attenuate microglia differentiation following the cerebral ischemia, establishing a mechanism for the TQ's beneficial effects in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nashwa Amin
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghong Shen
- Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Mingming Tan
- Department of Quality Management, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zongjie Shi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yu Geng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Wang LW, Chio CC, Chao CM, Chao PY, Lin MT, Chang CP, Lin HJ. Mesenchymal stem cells reduce long-term cognitive deficits and attenuate myelin disintegration and microglia activation following repetitive traumatic brain injury. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241231154. [PMID: 38425276 PMCID: PMC10908245 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241231154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effects exerted by bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in treating repetitive traumatic brain injury (rTBI)-induced long-term sensorimotor/cognitive impairments are not fully elucidated. Herein, we aimed to explore whether BM-MSCs therapy protects against rTBI-induced long-term neurobehavioral disorders in rats via normalizing white matter integrity and gray matter microglial response. Rats were subjected to repeated mild lateral fluid percussion on day 0 and day 3. On the fourth day post-surgery, MSCs groups received MSCs (4 × 106 cells/ml/kg, intravenously) and were assessed by the radial maze, Y maze, passive avoidance tests, and modified neurological severity scores. Hematoxylin & eosin, and Luxol fast blue stainings were used to examine the histopathology and white matter thickness. At the same time, immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the numbers of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-containing microglia in gray matter. Three to nine months after neurotrauma, rats displayed sensorimotor and cognitive impairments, reduced thickness in white matter, and over-accumulation of TNF-α-containing microglia and cellular damage in gray matter. Therapy with BM-MSCs significantly attenuated the rTBI-induced sensorimotor and cognitive impairments and all their complications. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy might accelerate the recovery of sensorimotor and cognitive impairments in rats with rTBI via normalizing myelin integrity and microglia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Wan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Chio
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, 73657, Taiwan
- Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, 73657, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Chao
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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14
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McFall A, Graham D, Nicklin SA, Work LM. Unscheduled changes in pre-clinical stroke model housing contributes to variance in physiological and behavioural data outcomes: A post hoc analysis. Brain Neurosci Adv 2024; 8:23982128241238934. [PMID: 38516557 PMCID: PMC10956152 DOI: 10.1177/23982128241238934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke presents a significant problem worldwide with no neuroprotective drugs available. Many of the failures in the search for neuroprotectants are attributed to failure to translate from pre-clinical models to humans, which has been combatted with rigorous pre-clinical stroke research guidelines. Here, we present post hoc analysis of a pre-clinical stroke trial, conducted using intraluminal filament transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat, whereby unscheduled changes were implemented in the animal housing facility. These changes severely impacted body weight post-stroke resulting in a change from the typical body weight of 90.6% of pre-surgery weight post-stroke, to on average 80.5% of pre-surgery weight post-stroke. The changes also appeared to impact post-stroke blood pressure, with an increase from 215.4 to 240.3 mmHg between housing groups, and functional outcome post-stroke, with a 38% increased latency to contact in the sticky label test. These data highlight the importance of tightly controlled housing conditions when using physiological or behavioural measurements as a primary outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling McFall
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Delyth Graham
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A. Nicklin
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorraine M. Work
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Xu C, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, Tang T, Wang J, Xia S, Chen G, Zhang J. Lateralized response of skull bone marrow via osteopontin signaling in mice after ischemia reperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:294. [PMID: 38071333 PMCID: PMC10710724 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skull bone marrow is thought to be an immune tissue closely associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have focused on the role of skull bone marrow in central nervous system disorders. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on ipsilateral and contralateral skull bone marrow cells after experimental stroke and then performed flow cytometry and analysis of cytokine expression. Skull marrow showed lateralization in response to stroke. Lateralization is demonstrated primarily by the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid lineage cells in the skull bone marrow adjacent to the ischemic region, with an increased proportion of neutrophils compared to monocytes. Analysis of chemokines in the skull revealed marked differences in chemotactic signals between the ipsilateral and contralateral skull, whereas sympathetic signals innervating the skull did not affect cranial bone marrow lateralization. Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in region-specific activation of the skull marrow that promotes inflammation in the meninges, and inhibition of OPN expression improves neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Collyer E, Boyle BR, Gomez-Galvez Y, Iacovitti L, Blanco-Suarez E. Absence of chordin-like 1 aids motor recovery in a mouse model of stroke. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114548. [PMID: 37769794 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chordin-like 1 (Chrdl1) is an astrocyte-secreted protein that regulates synaptic maturation, and limits plasticity via GluA2-containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs). It was demonstrated that Chrdl1 expression is very heterogeneous throughout the brain, and it is enriched in astrocytes in cortical layers 2/3, with peak expression in the visual cortex at postnatal day 14. In response to ischemic stroke, Chrdl1 is upregulated during the acute and sub-acute phases in the peri-infarct region, potentially hindering recovery after stroke. Here, we used photothrombosis to model ischemic stroke in the motor cortex of adult male and female mice. In this study, we demonstrate that elimination of Chrdl1 in a global knock-out mouse reduces apoptotic cell death at early post-stroke stages and prevents ischemia-driven synaptic loss of AMPA receptors at later time points, all contributing to faster motor recovery. This suggests that synapse-regulating astrocyte-secreted proteins such as Chrdl1 have therapeutic potential to aid functional recovery after an ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Collyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bridget R Boyle
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yolanda Gomez-Galvez
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elena Blanco-Suarez
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Okabe N, Hovanesyan M, Azarapetian S, Dai W, Weisinger B, Parabucki A, Balter SR, Shohami E, Segal Y, Carmichael ST. Theta Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation Enhances Functional Recovery After Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01202-z. [PMID: 37962771 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency, low-intensity electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that can modulate neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. ELF-EMF was recently shown to enhance recovery in human stroke in a small pilot clinical trial (NCT04039178). ELF-EMFs encompass a wide range of frequencies, typically ranging from 1 to 100 Hz, and their effects can vary depending on the specific frequency employed. However, whether and to what extent the effectiveness of ELF-EMFs depends on the frequency remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of different frequency-intensity protocols of ELF-EMF in promoting functional recovery in a mouse cortical stroke model with treatment initiated 4 days after the stroke, employing a series of motor behavior tests. Our findings demonstrate that a theta-frequency ELF-EMF (5 Hz) effectively enhances functional recovery in a reach-to-grasp task, whereas neither gamma-frequency (40 Hz) nor combination frequency (5-16-40 Hz) ELF-EMFs induce a significant effect. Importantly, our histological analysis reveals that none of the ELF-EMF protocols employed in our study affect infarct volume, inflammatory, or glial activation, suggesting that the observed beneficial effects may be mediated through non-neuroprotective mechanisms. Our data indicate that ELF-EMFs have an influence on functional recovery after stroke, and this effect is contingent upon the specific frequency used. These findings underscore the critical importance of optimizing the protocol parameters to maximize the beneficial effects of ELF-EMF. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and refine the protocol parameters for optimal therapeutic outcomes in stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Okabe
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Mary Hovanesyan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Srbui Azarapetian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Weiye Dai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | - Esther Shohami
- BrainQ Technologies, Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Segal
- BrainQ Technologies, Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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18
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Kitamura T, Terashima T, Katagi M, Ohashi N, Nozaki K, Tsuji A. Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells ameliorate neurological function in chronic cerebral infarction model mice via improvement of cerebral blood flow. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1186-1199. [PMID: 37552144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Stroke is a frequently observed neurological disorder that might lead to permanent and severe disability. Recently, various regenerative therapies have been developed, some of which have already been applied clinically. However, their outcomes have not been fully satisfactory. In particular, the development of regenerative therapies for chronic ischemic stroke is greatly needed. Herein intracerebral administration of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) was assessed as a potential treatment for chronic ischemic stroke using a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model characterized by minimal vascular variation unrelated to immunodeficiency. METHODS A reproducible model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was prepared, and intracerebral BM-MNC transplantation was performed 14 days after stroke induction in the infarcted brain. RESULTS Sensorimotor behavioral function and cerebral blood flow were significantly improved upon treatment with BM-MNCs compared to control medium injection. The transplanted cells exhibited characteristics of the vascular endothelium and microglia/macrophages. Significant angiogenesis and suppression of astrogliosis and microgliosis were observed in the affected brain. Messenger RNA expression analysis showed significant increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines, A2 astrocyte/anti-inflammatory microglia markers and vascular endothelial markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor and significant decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and A1 astrocyte/pro-inflammatory microglia markers following BM-MNC transplantation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intracerebral administration of BM-MNCs should be considered an effective cell therapy for chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kitamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| | - Miwako Katagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ohashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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19
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Helmuth TB, Kumari R, Palsa K, Neely EB, Slagle-Webb B, Simon SD, Connor JR. Common Mutation in the HFE Gene Modifies Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2023; 54:2886-2894. [PMID: 37750297 PMCID: PMC10996156 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is characterized by bleeding into the brain parenchyma. During an ICH, iron released from the breakdown of hemoglobin creates a cytotoxic environment in the brain through increased oxidative stress. Interestingly, the loss of iron homeostasis is associated with the pathological process of other neurological diseases. However, we have previously shown that the H63D mutation in the homeostatic iron regulatory (HFE) gene, prevalent in 28% of the White population in the United States, acts as a disease modifier by limiting oxidative stress. The following study aims to examine the effects of the murine homolog, H67D HFE, on ICH. METHODS An autologous blood infusion model was utilized to create an ICH in the right striatum of H67D and wild-type mice. The motor recovery of each animal was assessed by rotarod. Neurodegeneration was measured using fluorojade-B and mitochondrial damage was assessed by immunofluorescent numbers of CytC+ (cytochrome C) neurons and CytC+ astrocytes. Finally, the molecular antioxidant response to ICH was quantified by measuring Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor), GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), and FTH1 (H-ferritin) levels in the ICH-affected and nonaffected hemispheres via immunoblotting. RESULTS At 3 days post-ICH, H67D mice demonstrated enhanced performance on rotarod compared with wild-type animals despite no differences in lesion size. Additionally, H67D mice displayed higher levels of Nrf2, GPX4, and FTH1 in the ICH-affected hemisphere; however, these levels were not different in the contralateral, non-ICH-affected hemisphere. Furthermore, H67D mice showed decreased degenerated neurons, CytC+ Neurons, and CytC+ astrocytes in the perihematomal area. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the H67D mutation induces a robust antioxidant response 3 days following ICH through Nrf2, GPX4, and FTH1 activation. This activation could explain the decrease in degenerated neurons, CytC+ neurons, and CytC+ astrocytes in the perihematomal region, leading to the improved motor recovery. Based on this study, further investigation into the mechanisms of this neuroprotective response and the effects of the H63D HFE mutation in a population of patients with ICH is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Helmuth
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences (R.K.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Kondaiah Palsa
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Elizabeth B Neely
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Scott D Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.B.H., K.P., E.B.N., B.S.-W., S.D.S., J.R.C.), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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20
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Dzirkale Z, Pilipenko V, Pijet B, Klimaviciusa L, Upite J, Protokowicz K, Kaczmarek L, Jansone B. Long-term behavioural alterations in mice following transient cerebral ischemia. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114589. [PMID: 37481076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Acute and chronic post-stroke changes have variable effects on the functional outcomes of the disease. Therefore, it is imperative to identify what daily activities are altered after stroke and to what extent, keeping in mind that ischemic stroke patients often have long-term post-stroke complications. Translational studies in stroke have also been challenging due to inconsistent study design of animal experiments. The objective of this study was to clarify whether and to what extent mouse behaviour was altered during a 6 months period after cerebral stroke. Experimental stroke was induced in mice by intraluminal filament insertion into the middle cerebral artery (fMCAo). Neurological deficits, recovery rate, motor performance, and circadian activity were evaluated following ischemia. We observed severe neurological deficits, motor impairments, and delay in the recovery rate of mice during the first 14 days after fMCAo. Aberrant circadian activity and distorted space map were seen in fMCAo mice starting one month after ischemia, similarly to altered new and familiar cage activity and sucrose preference using the IntelliCage, and was still evident 60- and 180- days following stroke in the voluntary running wheel using the PhenoMaster system. A preference towards ipsilateral side turns was observed in fMCAo mice both acutely and chronically after the stroke induction. Overall, our study shows the importance of determining time-dependent differences in the long-term post-stroke recovery (over 180 days after fMCAo) using multiple behavioural assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Dzirkale
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Vladimirs Pilipenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Barbara Pijet
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, BRAINCITY - Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Linda Klimaviciusa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jolanta Upite
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Karolina Protokowicz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, BRAINCITY - Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, BRAINCITY - Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas Street, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
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21
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Sheu ML, Pan LY, Yang CN, Sheehan J, Pan LY, You WC, Wang CC, Pan HC. Thrombin-Induced Microglia Activation Modulated through Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11416. [PMID: 37511175 PMCID: PMC10380349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protein which is closely related to neurodegenerative disorders. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is well expressed in microglia cells involving inflammatory disorders of the brain. However, it remains unclear as to how modulation of AhR expression by thrombin is related to the development of neurodegeneration disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of AhR in the development of thrombin-induced neurodegenerative processes, especially those concerning microglia. The primary culture of either wild type or AhR deleted microglia, as well as BV-2 cell lines, was used for an in vitro study. Hippocampal slice culture and animals with either wild type or with AhR deleted were used for the ex vivo and in vivo studies. Simulations of ligand protein docking showed a strong integration between the thrombin and AhR. In thrombin-triggered microglia cells, deleting AhR escalated both the NO release and iNOS expression. Such effects were abolished by the administration of the AhR agonist. In thrombin-activated microglia cells, downregulating AhR increased the following: vascular permeability, pro-inflammatory genetic expression, MMP-9 activity, and the ratio of M1/M2 phenotype. In the in vivo study, thrombin induced the activation of microglia and their volume, thereby contributing to the deterioration of neurobehavior. Deleting AhR furthermore aggravated the response in terms of impaired neurobehavior, increasing brain edema, aggregating microglia, and increasing neuronal death. In conclusion, thrombin caused the activation of microglia through increased vessel permeability, expression of inflammatory response, and phenotype of M1 microglia, as well the MMP activity. Deleting AhR augmented the above detrimental effects. These findings indicate that the modulation of AhR is essential for the regulation of thrombin-induced brain damages and that the AhR agonist may harbor the potentially therapeutic effect in thrombin-induced neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meei-Ling Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Pan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Ning Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - Liang-Yu Pan
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Weir-Chiang You
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chia Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Chuan Pan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40210, Taiwan
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22
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Menozzi L, Del Águila Á, Vu T, Ma C, Yang W, Yao J. Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65319. [PMID: 37335115 PMCID: PMC10411115 DOI: 10.3791/65319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Presented here is an experimental ischemic stroke study using our newly developed noninvasive imaging system that integrates three acoustic-based imaging technologies: photoacoustic, ultrasound, and angiographic tomography (PAUSAT). Combining these three modalities helps acquire multi-spectral photoacoustic tomography (PAT) of the brain blood oxygenation, high-frequency ultrasound imaging of the brain tissue, and acoustic angiography of the cerebral blood perfusion. The multi-modal imaging platform allows the study of cerebral perfusion and oxygenation changes in the whole mouse brain after stroke. Two commonly used ischemic stroke models were evaluated: the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model and the photothrombotic (PT) model. PAUSAT was used to image the same mouse brains before and after a stroke and quantitatively analyze both stroke models. This imaging system was able to clearly show the brain vascular changes after ischemic stroke, including significantly reduced blood perfusion and oxygenation in the stroke infarct region (ipsilateral) compared to the uninjured tissue (contralateral). The results were confirmed by both laser speckle contrast imaging and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Furthermore, stroke infarct volume in both stroke models was measured and validated by TTC staining as the ground truth. Through this study, we have demonstrated that PAUSAT can be a powerful tool in noninvasive and longitudinal preclinical studies of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Menozzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Ángela Del Águila
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Tri Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Chenshuo Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University
| | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine;
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University;
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23
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Chen B, Wei S, Low SW, Poore CP, Lee ATH, Nilius B, Liao P. TRPM4 Blocking Antibody Protects Cerebral Vasculature in Delayed Stroke Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051480. [PMID: 37239151 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke aims to restore the blood flow of occluded blood vessels. However, successful recanalization is often associated with disruption of the blood-brain barrier, leading to reperfusion injury. Delayed recanalization increases the risk of severe reperfusion injury, including severe cerebral edema and hemorrhagic transformation. The TRPM4-blocking antibody M4P has been shown to alleviate reperfusion injury and improve functional outcomes in animal models of early stroke reperfusion. In this study, we examined the role of M4P in a clinically relevant rat model of delayed stroke reperfusion in which the left middle cerebral artery was occluded for 7 h. To mimic the clinical scenario, M4P or control IgG was administered 1 h before recanalization. Immunostaining showed that M4P treatment improved vascular morphology after stroke. Evans blue extravasation demonstrated attenuated vascular leakage following M4P treatment. With better vascular integrity, cerebral perfusion was improved, leading to a reduction of infarct volume and animal mortality rate. Functional outcome was evaluated by the Rotarod test. As more animals with severe injuries died during the test in the control IgG group, we observed no difference in functional outcomes in the surviving animals. In conclusion, we identified the potential of TRPM4 blocking antibody M4P to ameliorate vascular injury during delayed stroke reperfusion. If combined with reperfusion therapy, M4P has the potential to improve current stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Shunhui Wei
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - See Wee Low
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Charlene Priscilla Poore
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Andy Thiam-Huat Lee
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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24
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Kumar Nambi P, Kanna Sathyamoorthy Y, Kaliyappan K, Kumar Radhakrishnan R. Fucoidan (A sulfated polysaccharide) and Cerebroprotein in combination alleviate the neuroinflammation-mediated neural damage and functional deficits in the focal cerebral ischemia model of rat. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00207-5. [PMID: 37182836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury could emanate a cascade of events ensuing in neural death and severe neurobehavioural deficits. The currently available interventions have failed to target the multimodal, interlinked mechanisms that operate cerebral ischemia-induced damage and functional loss. So an integrative intervention has become a mandate to overcome the deleterious mechanisms involved in cerebral ischemic pathophysiology. In this study, adult male Sprague dawley rats were exposed to 2 hours of right middle cerebral artery occlusion (rMCAo) followed by reperfusion, and the intervention group received Fucoidan alone at a dose of 50mg/kg, i.p (intraperitoneal), Cerebrolysin alone at a dose of 2.5mg/kg body weight and the combination of both. The sham rats were exposed to surgical procedures, except for the rMCAo. The assessments of the groups were made 24 hours after the rMCAo. The stand-alone treatment with Fucoidan, Cerebrolysin has shown a better outcome in the neurobehavioral and, histopathological assessments and the combination has made a significant reduction in the neurological deficits and the infarct volume when compared to the standalone groups. The BBB integrity was well preserved in the combination group when compared with the lesion and standalone groups. Moreover, the combined intervention reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, NFkB, IL1α, IL1-β, IL-6, CD68, COX-2, and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes IL1α, IL1-β, IL-6, IBA-1, and COX-2 effectively. In conclusion, the present study suggests that rMCAo induced neuroinflammation and neurobehavioural alterations were attenuated by intervention with a combination of Fucoidan and cerebrolysin; Further, Fucoidan and Cerebrolysin combination improved the ischemic tolerance level by promoting the proteins and genes that regulate the inflammatory cytokines and in aiding better recovery after ischemic reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Nambi
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani campus Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yogesh Kanna Sathyamoorthy
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani campus Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathiravan Kaliyappan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani campus Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani campus Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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Hart M, Blackwell AA, Whishaw IQ, Wallace DG, Cheatwood JL. Impairments and Compensation in String-pulling After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat. Behav Brain Res 2023; 450:114469. [PMID: 37146723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability in humans, and it is frequently associated with impairments in the skilled use of the arms and hands. Many human upper limb impairments and compensatory changes have been successfully modeled in rodent studies of neocortical stroke, especially those that evaluate single limb use in tasks, such as reaching for food. Humans also use their hands for bilaterally coordinated movements, dependent upon interhemispheric cortical projections, which are also compromised by unilateral stroke. This study describes middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) dependent changes in the bilaterally dependent hand use behavior of string-pulling in the rat. The task involves making hand-over-hand movements to pull down a string that contains a food reward attached to its end. MCAO rats missed the string more often with both hands than Sham rats. When the string was missed on the contralateral to MCAO body side, rats continued to cycle through subcomponents of string-pulling behavior as if the string were grasped in the hand. Rats also failed to make a grasping motion with the contralateral to MCAO hand when the string was missed and instead, demonstrated an open-handed raking-like motions. Nevertheless, with repeated attempts, rats performed components of string-pulling well enough to obtain a reward on the end of the string. Thus, string-pulling behavior is sensitive to bilateral impairments but is achieved with compensatory adjustments following MCAO. These aspects of MCAO string-pulling provide a foundation for studies that investigate the efficacy of therapeutic intervention which might enhance neuroplasticity and recovery. DATA AVAILABILITY: The datasets generated during the current study are available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Hart
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley A Blackwell
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, Illinois, 60115 USA.
| | - Ian Q Whishaw
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas G Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, Illinois, 60115 USA
| | - Joseph L Cheatwood
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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26
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Yang Q, Dai H, Cheng Y, Wang B, Xu J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Xu F, Ma Q, Lin F, Wang C. Oral feeding of nanoplastics affects brain function of mice by inducing macrophage IL-1 signal in the intestine. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112346. [PMID: 37022934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) as contaminants in food and water have drawn increasing public attention. However, little is known about how NPs shape the gut immune landscape after injection. In this study, we fabricate NPs (∼500 nm) and microplastics (MPs) (∼2 μm) and evaluate their in vivo effects by feeding them to mice. The results suggest that NPs show a better ability to induce gut macrophage activation than MPs. In addition, NPs trigger gut interleukin-1 (IL-1)-producing macrophage reprogramming via inducing lysosomal damage. More importantly, IL-1 signaling from the intestine can affect brain immunity, leading to microglial activation and Th17 differentiation, all of which correlates with a decline in cognitive and short-term memory in NP-fed mice. Thus, this study provides insight into the mechanism of action of the gut-brain axis, delineates the way NPs reduce brain function, and highlights the importance of fixing the plastic pollution problem worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huaxing Dai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disease, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qingle Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disease, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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27
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Reyes-Esteves S, Nong J, Glassman PM, Omo-Lamai S, Ohashi S, Myerson JW, Zamora ME, Ma X, Kasner SE, Sansing L, Muzykantov VR, Marcos-Contreras OA, Brenner JS. Targeted drug delivery to the brain endothelium dominates over passive delivery via vascular leak in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Control Release 2023; 356:185-195. [PMID: 36868517 PMCID: PMC10519578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common causes of fatal stroke, yet has no specific drug therapies. Many attempts at passive intravenous (IV) delivery in ICH have failed to deliver drugs to the salvageable area around the hemorrhage. The passive delivery method assumes vascular leak through the ruptured blood-brain barrier will allow drug accumulation in the brain. Here we tested this assumption using intrastriatal injection of collagenase, a well-established experimental model of ICH. Fitting with hematoma expansion in clinical ICH, we showed that collagenase-induced blood leak drops significantly by 4 h after ICH onset and is gone by 24 h. We observed passive-leak brain accumulation also declines rapidly over ∼4 h for 3 model IV therapeutics (non-targeted IgG; a protein therapeutic; PEGylated nanoparticles). We compared these passive leak results with targeted brain delivery by IV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that actively bind vascular endothelium (anti-VCAM, anti-PECAM, anti-ICAM). Even at early time points after ICH induction, where there is high vascular leak, brain accumulation via passive leak is dwarfed by brain accumulation of endothelial-targeted agents: At 4 h after injury, anti-PECAM mAbs accumulate at 8-fold higher levels in the brain vs. non-immune IgG; anti-VCAM nanoparticles (NPs) deliver a protein therapeutic (superoxide dismutase, SOD) at 4.5-fold higher levels than the carrier-free therapeutic at 24 h after injury. These data suggest that relying on passive vascular leak provides inefficient delivery of therapeutics even at early time points after ICH, and that a better strategy might be targeted delivery to the brain endothelium, which serves as the gateway for the immune attack on the peri-hemorrhage inflamed brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahily Reyes-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jia Nong
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Serena Omo-Lamai
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ohashi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Marco E Zamora
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Scott E Kasner
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lauren Sansing
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Division of Pulmonary Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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28
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Fang J, Song F, Chang C, Yao M. Intracerebral Hemorrhage Models and Behavioral Tests in Rodents. Neuroscience 2023; 513:1-13. [PMID: 36690062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the common types of stroke, which can cause neurological dysfunction. In preclinical ICH studies, researchers often established rodent models by donor/autologous whole blood or a collagenase injection. White matter injury (WMI) can result from primary and secondary injuries after ICH. WMI can lead to short- and long-term neurological impairment, and functional recovery can assess the effect of drug therapy after ICH. Therefore, researchers have devised various behavioral tests to assess dysfunction. This review compares the two ICH modeling methods in rodents and summarizes the pathological mechanisms underlying dysfunction after ICH. We also summarize the functions and characteristics of various behavioral methods, including sensation, motion, emotion, and cognition, to assist researchers in selecting the appropriate tests for preclinical ICH research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fanglai Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Min Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen SMQ Group Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Measurement and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Boboc IKS, Rotaru-Zavaleanu AD, Calina D, Albu CV, Catalin B, Turcu-Stiolica A. A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behavior Testing in Mice Models of Ischemic Stroke. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020567. [PMID: 36836924 PMCID: PMC9964520 DOI: 10.3390/life13020567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains one of the most important causes of death and disability. Preclinical research is a powerful tool for understanding the molecular and cellular response to stroke. However, a lack of standardization in animal evaluation does not always ensure reproducible results. In the present study, we wanted to identify the best strategy for evaluating animal behavior post-experimental stroke. As such, a meta-analysis was made, evaluating behavioral tests done on male C57BL/6 mice subjected to stroke or sham surgery. Overall, fifty-six studies were included. Our results suggest that different types of tests should be used depending on the post-stroke period one needs to analyze. In the hyper-acute, post-stroke period, the best quantifier will be animal examination scoring, as it is a fast and inexpensive way to identify differences between groups. When evaluating stoke mice in the acute phase, a mix of animal examination and motor tests that focus on movement asymmetry (foot-fault and cylinder testing) seem to have the best chance of picking up differences between groups. Complex tasks (the rotarod test and Morris water maze) should be used within the chronic phase to evaluate differences between the late-subacute and chronic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- U.M.F. Doctoral School Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandra Daniela Rotaru-Zavaleanu
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry, 200473 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Catalin
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Adina Turcu-Stiolica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Gorgij E, Fanaei H, Yaghmaei P, Shahraki MR, Mirahmadi H. Maternal treadmill exercise ameliorates impairment of neurological outcome, caspase-1 and NLRP3 gene expression alteration in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:228-234. [PMID: 36742136 PMCID: PMC9869874 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.66183.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is one of the most important causes of neurological disorders in children. Various studies suggest that maternal exercise during pregnancy has a beneficial impact on the health status of offspring infants. In this study, the effect of maternal treadmill exercise during pregnancy on neurological and molecular changes induced by HI in newborn rats was investigated. Materials and Methods In this experiment, 24 pregnant female rats were divided into two groups; the first group was subjected to treadmill exercise for six weeks. The treadmill exercise program was initiated by running for 17 min at 5-10 m/min at 0 inclination in the first week, followed by running for 21 min at 5-25 m/min at 5° inclination in the second week, running for 25 min at 5-30 m/min at 10° inclination in the third and fourth weeks, running for 25 min at 5-15 m/min at 10° inclination in the fifth and sixth weeks. The second group was left untreated and did not perform the exercise. Newborn rats were assigned to four groups; (1) control, (2) control+exercise, (3) HI, and (4) HI+exercise. HI was developed in the offspring on the 8th postnatal day. One week following the induction of HI, the Garcia test was carried out. The histological morphology of neonates was assessed, and the expression levels of caspase-1 and NLRP3 were evaluated. Results The data showed that maternal exercise during pregnancy significantly improved neural cell death (P<0.001) and the Garcia score (P<0.05), while it attenuated the expression levels of caspase-1 (P<0.001) and NLRP3 (P<0.05) genes in newborn rats induced by HI. Conclusion These results demonstrated that maternal treadmill exercise during pregnancy could reverse the neurological deficits, as well as the expression levels of caspase-1 and NLRP3 genes, which occur in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Gorgij
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Fanaei
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Parichehr Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Parichehr Yaghmaei. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Shen D, Wang H, Zhu H, Jiang C, Xie F, Zhang H, Lv Q, Liu Q, Wang Z, Qi N, Wang H. Pre-clinical efficacy evaluation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1095469. [PMID: 36726973 PMCID: PMC9885855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1095469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explored the underlying therapeutic mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) for ischemic stroke (IS), and determined the optimal administration time windows and dose-effect relationship. Methods The levels of SDF-1α, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, BDNF, IL-1β, and VEGF-A factors in serum and brain tissue lysate were measured by ELISA. The pathological status of brain tissues was evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, and apoptosis of nerve cells was detected by tunel. The protein expression of CXCR-4, NeuN, and Nestin in the brain tissues was assessed through immunofluorescence. The balance beam, forelimb muscle strength, and limb placement were tested on MCAO rats at different time points and doses. The infarct area of the rat brain tissues was measured at the end of the experiment. Results The hUCMSC treatment during the acute phase of MCAO significantly reduced the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β but increased IL-10 in serum, and the levels of SDF-α and BDNF in serum and brain tissues lysate were also increased. The pathological results showed that there were more neurons in the treatment group compared to the model group. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the expression of CXCR4、Nestin、NeuN was relatively higher than that in the model group. The d4 and d7 treatment significantly improves the motor function, promotes the recovery of forelimb muscle strength, increases the forelimb placement rate and reduces the scope of cerebral infarction, but the d14 treatment group has less therapeutic effect compared to the d4 and d7 treatment. The 2×107/kg treatment showed the best therapeutic effect, followed by the 1×107/kg treatment, and the worst is 0.5×107/kg treatment from the test of balance beam, forelimb muscle strength, limb placement and the infarct area of the rat brain tissues. Conclusion The hUCMSCs can inhibit the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the brain tissue, and promote the repair of brain tissue structure and function. Early intervention by injecting high-dose of hUCMSCs can significantly improve the recovery of neurological/motor function and reduce the size of cerebral infarction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nianmin Qi
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang, ; Nianming Qi,
| | - Hao Wang
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang, ; Nianming Qi,
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Sucha P, Hermanova Z, Chmelova M, Kirdajova D, Camacho Garcia S, Marchetti V, Vorisek I, Tureckova J, Shany E, Jirak D, Anderova M, Vargova L. The absence of AQP4/TRPV4 complex substantially reduces acute cytotoxic edema following ischemic injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1054919. [PMID: 36568889 PMCID: PMC9773096 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1054919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Astrocytic Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels form a functional complex that likely influences cell volume regulation, the development of brain edema, and the severity of the ischemic injury. However, it remains to be fully elucidated whether blocking these channels can serve as a therapeutic approach to alleviate the consequences of having a stroke. Methods and results In this study, we used in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the extent of brain lesions one day (D1) and seven days (D7) after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in AQP4 or TRPV4 knockouts and mice with simultaneous deletion of both channels. Our results showed that deletion of AQP4 or TRPV4 channels alone leads to a significant worsening of ischemic brain injury at both time points, whereas their simultaneous deletion results in a smaller brain lesion at D1 but equal tissue damage at D7 when compared with controls. Immunohistochemical analysis 7 days after pMCAO confirmed the MRI data, as the brain lesion was significantly greater in AQP4 or TRPV4 knockouts than in controls and double knockouts. For a closer inspection of the TRPV4 and AQP4 channel complex in the development of brain edema, we applied a real-time iontophoretic method in situ to determine ECS diffusion parameters, namely volume fraction (α) and tortuosity (λ). Changes in these parameters reflect alterations in cell volume, and tissue structure during exposure of acute brain slices to models of ischemic conditions in situ, such as oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), hypoosmotic stress, or hyperkalemia. The decrease in α was comparable in double knockouts and controls when exposed to hypoosmotic stress or hyperkalemia. However, during OGD, there was no decrease in α in the double knockouts as observed in the controls, which suggests less swelling of the cellular components of the brain. Conclusion Although simultaneous deletion of AQP4 and TRPV4 did not improve the overall outcome of ischemic brain injury, our data indicate that the interplay between AQP4 and TRPV4 channels plays a critical role during neuronal and non-neuronal swelling in the acute phase of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sucha
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Hermanova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Chmelova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Denisa Kirdajova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sara Camacho Garcia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valeria Marchetti
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivan Vorisek
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Tureckova
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eyar Shany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Jirak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia,First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia,*Correspondence: Miroslava Anderova,
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czechia
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Onufriev MV, Stepanichev MY, Moiseeva YV, Zhanina MY, Nedogreeva OA, Kostryukov PA, Lazareva NA, Gulyaeva NV. A Comparative Study of Two Models of Intraluminal Filament Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats: Long-Lasting Accumulation of Corticosterone and Interleukins in the Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex in Koizumi Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123119. [PMID: 36551875 PMCID: PMC9775077 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown the differences in the early response of corticosterone and inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and frontal cortex (FC) of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), according to the methods of Longa et al. (LM) and Koizumi et al. (KM) which were used as alternatives in preclinical studies to induce stroke in rodents. In the present study, corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokines were assessed 3 months after MCAO. The most relevant changes detected during the first days after MCAO became even more obvious after 3 months. In particular, the MCAO-KM (but not the MCAO-LM) group showed significant accumulation of corticosterone and IL1β in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus and FC. An accumulation of TNFα was detected in the ipsilateral hippocampus and FC in the MCAO-KM group. Thus, unlike the MCAO-LM, the MCAO-KM may predispose the hippocampus and FC of rats to long-lasting bilateral corticosterone-dependent distant neuroinflammatory damage. Unexpectedly, only the MCAO-LM rats demonstrated some memory deficit in a one-trial step-through passive avoidance test. The differences between the two MCAO models, particularly associated with the long-lasting increase in glucocorticoid and proinflammatory cytokine accumulation in the limbic structures in the MCAO-KM, should be considered in the planning of preclinical experiments, and the interpretation and translation of received results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Onufriev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Stepanichev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Moiseeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Y. Zhanina
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Nedogreeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Kostryukov
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Lazareva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Gulyaeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 115419 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-952-4007
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Chronotherapeutic neuroprotective effect of verapamil against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in mice through modulation of calcium-dependent genes. Mol Med 2022; 28:139. [DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation is a major mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is a major healthcare problem. Notwithstanding of ample researches figured out possible molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of AD, there is no definitive therapeutics that aid in neuroprotection. Therefore, searching for new agents and potential targets is a critical demand. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of verapamil (VRP) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice and whether the time of VRP administration could affect its efficacy.
Methods
Forty male albino mice were used and were divided into normal control, LPS only, morning VRP, and evening VRP. Y-maze and pole climbing test were performed as behavioral tests. Hematoxylin and eosin together with Bielschowsky silver staining were done to visualize neuroinflammation and phosphorylated tau protein (pTAU); respectively. Additionally, the state of mitochondria, the levels of microglia-activation markers, inflammatory cytokines, intracellular Ca2+, pTAU, and Ca2+-dependent genes involving Ca2+/ calmodulin dependent kinase II (CAMKII) isoforms, protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with the level of VRP in the brain tissue were measured.
Results
LPS successfully induced neuroinflammation and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which was indicated by elevated levels of microglia markers, inflammatory cytokines, and intracellular Ca2+ with compromised mitochondria and downregulated CAMKII isoforms, PKA, CREB and BDNF. Pretreatment with VRP showed significant enhancement in the architecture of the brain and in the behavioral tests as indicated by the measured parameters. Moreover, morning VRP exhibited better neuroprotective profile compared to the evening therapy.
Conclusions
VRP highlighted a multilevel of neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory activity, Ca2+ blockage, and regulation of Ca2+-dependent genes. Furthermore, chronotherapy of VRP administration should be consider to achieve best therapeutic efficacy.
Graphical Abstract
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Ha GH, Kim EJ, Park JS, Kim JE, Nam H, Yeon JY, Lee SH, Lee K, Kim CK, Joo KM. JAK2/STAT3 pathway mediates neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic treatment effects of adult human neural stem cells in middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke animal models. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8944-8969. [PMID: 36446389 PMCID: PMC9740376 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mismatches between pre-clinical and clinical results of stem cell therapeutics for ischemic stroke limit their clinical applicability. To overcome these discrepancies, precise planning of pre-clinical experiments that can be translated to clinical trials and the scientific elucidation of treatment mechanisms is important. In this study, adult human neural stem cells (ahNSCs) derived from temporal lobe surgical samples were used (to avoid ethical and safety issues), and their therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke were examined using middle cerebral artery occlusion animal models. 5 × 105 ahNSCs was directly injected into the lateral ventricle of contralateral brain hemispheres of immune suppressed rat stroke models at the subacute phase of stroke. Compared with the mock-treated group, ahNSCs reduced brain tissue atrophy and neurological sensorimotor and memory functional loss. Tissue analysis demonstrated that the significant therapeutic effects were mediated by the neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic activities of ahNSCs, which preserved neurons in ischemic brain areas and decreased reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. The neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic effects of ahNSCs were validated in in vitro stroke models and were induced by paracrine factors excreted by ahNSCs. When the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was inhibited by a specific inhibitor, AG490, the paracrine neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic effects of ahNSCs were reversed. This pre-clinical study that closely simulated clinical settings and provided treatment mechanisms of ahNSCs for ischemic stroke may aid the development of protocols for subsequent clinical trials of ahNSCs and the realization of clinically available stem cell therapeutics for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hyoung Ha
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Jee Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Hyun Nam
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Je Young Yeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16149, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chung Kwon Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16149, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
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Lee MJ, Zhu J, An JH, Lee SE, Kim TY, Oh E, Kang YE, Chung W, Heo JY. A transcriptomic analysis of cerebral microvessels reveals the involvement of Notch1 signaling in endothelial mitochondrial-dysfunction-dependent BBB disruption. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:64. [PMID: 36028880 PMCID: PMC9414148 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) in cerebral vessels are considered the primary targets in acute hemorrhagic brain injuries. EC dysfunction can aggravate neuronal injuries by causing secondary inflammatory responses and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Previous studies have reported that enhancement of mitochondrial function within ECs may reduce BBB disruption and decrease the severity of acute brain injuries. However, the molecular signaling pathways through which enhanced EC mitochondrial function is enhanced to exert this BBB protective effect have not been fully elucidated. Methods To identify signaling pathways involved in linking EC-specific mitochondrial dysfunction and BBB disruption, we first performed RNA sequencing using isolated cerebral vessels from TEKCRIF1 KO mice, a mouse strain that displays EC-specific mitochondrial dysfunction. After identification, we assessed the significance of candidate signaling pathways using an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mouse model. BBB integrity was assessed using an IgG leakage assay, and symptomatic changes were evaluated using behavioral assays. Results Transcriptome analyses of the TEKCRIF1 KO mouse revealed significant changes in Notch1 signaling, a pathway intimately involved in BBB maintenance. We also observed a decrease in Notch1 signaling and expression of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) complex in the ICH mouse model, which also exhibits BBB disruption. To further assess the function of Notch1 signaling in relation to BBB disruption, we injected ICH model mice with adropin, a protein that interacts with the Notch1 ligand NB-3 and activates Notch1 signaling. We found that adropin prevented BBB disruption and reduced the extent (area) of the injury compared with that in vehicle controls, in association with alteration of mitochondrial function. Conclusion These results suggest that the Notch1 signaling pathway acts as an upstream regulator of DEGs and can be a target to regulate the changes involved with endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent BBB disruption. Thus, treatment methods that activate Notch1 may be beneficial in acute brain injuries by protecting BBB integrity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-022-00363-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiebo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun An
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yeon Kim
- Bio-Synergy Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungseok Oh
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Deajeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woosuk Chung
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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Pharmacological Effect of Panax notoginseng Saponins on Cerebral Ischemia in Animal Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4281483. [PMID: 35968235 PMCID: PMC9371884 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4281483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), bioactive compounds, are commonly used to treat ischemic heart and cerebral diseases in China and other Asian countries. Most previous studies of PNS have focused on the mechanisms underlying their treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases but not cerebral ischemic diseases. This study sought to explore the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of PNS in treating cerebral ischemic diseases. Different experimental cerebral ischemia models (including middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the blockade of four arteries in rats, collagen-adrenaline-induced systemic intravascular thrombosis in mice, thrombosis of carotid artery-jugular vein blood flow in the bypass of rats, and hypoxia tolerance in mice) were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the actions of PNS on cerebral ischemia. The results indicated that (1) PNS improved neurological function and reduced the cerebral ischemia infraction area in MCAO rats; (2) PNS improved motor coordination function in rats with complete cerebral ischemia (blockade of four arteries), decreased Ca2+ levels, and ameliorated energy metabolism in the brains of ischemia rats; (3) PNS reduced thrombosis in common carotid artery-jugular vein blood flow in the bypass of rats; (4) PNS provided significant promise in antistroke hemiplegia and hypoxia tolerance in mice. In conclusion, PNS showed antagonistic effects on ischemic stroke, and pharmacological mechanisms are likely to be associated with the reduction of cerebral pathological damage, thrombolysis, antihypoxia, and improvement in the intracellular Ca2+ overload and cerebral energy metabolism.
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Karizmeh MS, Shabani M, Shabani M, Sardari M, Babaei JF, Nabavizadeh F, Sadr SS, Adeli S. Preconditioning exercise reduces hippocampal neuronal damage via increasing Klotho expression in ischemic rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:133-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Yeon C, Im JM, Kim M, Kim YR, Chung E. Cranial and Spinal Window Preparation for in vivo Optical Neuroimaging in Rodents and Related Experimental Techniques. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:131-146. [PMID: 35786637 PMCID: PMC9272117 DOI: 10.5607/en22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical neuroimaging provides an effective neuroscience tool for multi-scale investigation of the neural structures and functions, ranging from molecular, cellular activities to the inter-regional connectivity assessment. Amongst experimental preparations, the implementation of an artificial window to the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily required for optical visualization of the CNS and associated brain activities through the opaque skin and bone. Either thinning down or removing portions of the skull or spine is necessary for unobstructed long-term in vivo observations, for which types of the cranial and spinal window and applied materials vary depending on the study objectives. As diversely useful, a window can be designed to accommodate other experimental methods such as electrophysiology or optogenetics. Moreover, auxiliary apparatuses would allow the recording in synchrony with behavior of large-scale brain connectivity signals across the CNS, such as olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Such advancements in the cranial and spinal window have resulted in a paradigm shift in neuroscience, enabling in vivo investigation of the brain function and dysfunction at the microscopic, cellular level. This Review addresses the types and classifications of windows used in optical neuroimaging while describing how to perform in vivo studies using rodent models in combination with other experimental modalities during behavioral tests. The cranial and spinal window has enabled longitudinal examination of evolving neural mechanisms via in situ visualization of the brain. We expect transformable and multi-functional cranial and spinal windows to become commonplace in neuroscience laboratories, further facilitating advances in optical neuroimaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanmi Yeon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jeong Myo Im
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Minsung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Young Ro Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.,AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.,Research Center for Photon Science Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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Yang X, Li X, Yuan Y, Sun T, Yang J, Deng B, Yu H, Gao A, Guan J. 40 Hz Blue LED Relieves the Gamma Oscillations Changes Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury in Rat. Front Neurol 2022; 13:882991. [PMID: 35800078 PMCID: PMC9253286 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.882991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPhotobiomodulation (PBM) using low-level light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be rapidly applied to various neurological disorders safely and non-invasively.Materials and MethodsForty-eight rats were involved in this study. The traumatic brain injury (TBI) model of rat was set up by a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. An 8-channel cortex electrode EEG was fixed to two hemispheres, and gamma oscillations were extracted according to each electrode. A 40 hz blue LED stimulation was set at four points of the frontal and parietal regions for 60 s each, six times per day for 1 week. Modified Neurologic Severity Scores (mNSS) were used to evaluate the level of neurological function.ResultsIn the right-side TBI model, the gamma oscillation decreased in electrodes Fp2, T4, C4, and O2; but significantly increased after 1 week of 40 hz Blue LED intervention. In the left-side TBI model, the gamma oscillation decreased in electrodes Fp1, T3, C3, and O1; and similarly increased after 1 week of 40 hz Blue LED intervention. Both left and right side TBI rats performed significantly better in mNSS after 40 hz Blue LED intervention.ConclusionTBI causes the decrease of gamma oscillations on the injured side of the brain of rats. The 40 hz Blue LED therapy could relieve the gamma oscillation changes caused by TBI and improve the prognosis of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuepei Li
- Medical Simulation Center, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yikai Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingguo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Deng
- College of Electronic Engineering (College of Meteorological Observation), Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Yu
- College of Electronic Engineering (College of Meteorological Observation), Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Anliang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Junwen Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Junwen Guan
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Kaviannejad R, Karimian SM, Riahi E, Ashabi G. Using dual polarities of transcranial direct current stimulation in global cerebral ischemia and its following reperfusion period attenuates neuronal injury. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1503-1516. [PMID: 35499797 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple neuronal injury pathways are activated during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). This study was designed to decrease potential neuronal injuries by using both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) polarities in cerebral ischemia and its following reperfusion period. Ninety rats were randomly divided into six groups. In the sham group, rats were intact. In the I/R group, global cerebral I/R was only induced. In the I/R + c-tDCS and I/R + a-tDCS groups, cathodal and anodal currents were applied, respectively. In the I/R + c/a-tDCS, cathodal current was used in the cerebral ischemia and anodal in the reperfusion. In the I/R + a/c-tDCS group, cathodal and anodal currents were applied in the I/R, respectively. Hippocampal tissue was used to determine the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NOS, SOD, MDA, and NMDAR. Hot plate and open field tests evaluated sensory and locomotor performances. The cerebral edema was also measured. Histological assessment was assessed by H/E and Nissl staining of the hippocampal CA1 region. All tDCS modes significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels, especially in the c/a-tDCS. All tDCS caused a significant decrease in MDA and NOS levels while increasing SOD activity compared to the I/R group, especially in the c/a-tDCS mode. In the c-tDCS and a/c-tDCS groups, the NMDAR level was significantly decreased. The c/a-tDCS group improved sensory and locomotor performances more than other groups receiving tDCS. Furthermore, the least neuronal death was observed in the c/a-tDCS mode. Using two different polarities of tDCS could induce more neuroprotective versus pathophysiological pathways in cerebral I/R, especially in c/a-tDCS mode. HIGHLIGHTS: Multiple pathways of neuronal injury are activated in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Using tDCS could modulate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress pathways in global cerebral I/R. Using c/a-tDCS mode during cerebral I/R causes more neuroprotective effects against neuronal injuries of cerebral I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Kaviannejad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Esmail Riahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
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Neuroprotection of everolimus against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106576. [PMID: 35633587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth and metabolism and integrates various signals under physiological and pathological conditions. Altered signaling of mTOR has been shown to play pathogenic roles in ischemic stroke. In the present study, the protective effect of everolimus, the selective mTOR inhibitor, in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke was evaluated. METHODS Wistar rats were exposed to MCAO (30 min) followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Everolimus (100, and 500 µg/kg) was administered at the time of reperfusion, intraperitoneally. 24 h post operation, the neurological function, infarct volume, histopathological alterations and the markers of oxidative stress including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiol levels were analyzed in the peri-infarct region. RESULTS In the rats subjected to MCAO, everolimus ameliorated neurological deficits, neuronal cell loss, and infarct volume, as compared to the stroke group. Also, everolimus significantly increased SOD activity and total thiol content, while markedly decreased the MDA level, as compared to MCAO group. CONCLUSION Single-dose administration of everolimus significantly improved neurological deficits and inhibited cortical cell loss by enhancing redox status, subsequently protected cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
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Optimising the photothrombotic model of stroke in the C57BI/6 and FVB/N strains of mouse. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7598. [PMID: 35534531 PMCID: PMC9085761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The photothrombotic stroke model relies on the interaction between photosensitive-dye and light for clot formation. Interestingly, the relationship between the length of light exposure and stroke-outcome has never been examined. This model has yet to be established in the FVB/N strain, even though stroke-outcomes are strain-specific. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of different lengths of light exposure in two strains of mice on photothrombotic stroke. Male FVB/N and C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to stroke using 15, 18, or 20-min light exposure. Mice underwent functional testing for up to 7 days. Infarct volume was assessed with thionin staining, and cellular responses to injury analysed via immunofluorescence at 7-days post-stroke. Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was assessed using Evans blue dye at 4.5-h post-stroke. Increasing light exposure from 15 to 20-min increased infarct volume but not functional deficit. Interestingly, there were strain-specific differences in functional outcomes, with FVB/N mice having less deficit on the hanging wire test than C57BI/6 after 15-min of light exposure. The opposite was seen in the adhesive removal test. There was no difference in the number of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, macrophages, and T cells between the strains, despite FVB/N mice demonstrating greater BBB breakdown and an enlarged spleen post-stroke. Increasing light exposure systematically increases infarct volume but does not worsen functional outcomes. FVB/N and C57Bl/6 mice exhibit subtle differences in functional outcomes post stroke, which highlights the need to choose tests which are appropriate for the mouse strain being used.
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Mazhar M, Yang G, Mao L, Liang P, Tan R, Wang L, Xu H, Yang L, Ren W, Yang S. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu Capsules Ameliorate Early Brain Inflammatory Injury Induced by Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Inhibition of Canonical NFкβ Signalling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:850060. [PMID: 35431931 PMCID: PMC9008889 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.850060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a debilitating and fatal condition with continuously rising incidence globally, without effective treatment available. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu (ZLHXTY) capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used for ICH treatment in China. However, the evidence based mechanism is not clear. Purpose: To study the protective effects of ZLHXTY capsules against ICH pathogenesis via targetting nuclear factor kappa β (NFкβ) canonical signalling pathway. Methods: C57BL/6 J mice ICH models using autologous blood injection were used to study the effect of ZLHXTY (1.4 g/kg P.O.) after 24 and 72 hrs of ICH induction. The neurological scoring, corner turn test and balance beam with scoring was performed to assess neurological damage. Hematoxylin/eosin and nissl staining was used for histopathological evaluation. Levels of TNFα, NFкB, iNOS, COX2, IL1, IL6 were measured using real time qPCR and western blotting. Protein levels of IKKβ and IкBα were analyzed through western blotting. Immunofluorescence for co-expression of NeuN/TNFα, NeuN/NFкB, Iba1/TNFα, and Iba1/NFкB was also performed. Results: Treatment with ZLHXTY capsules after ICH ameliorated inflammatory brain injury after 24 and 72 h; revealed by neurological scoring, hematoxylin/eosin and nissl staining. The qPCR and western blot analyses demonstrated significant downregulation of TNFα, NFкB, iNOS, COX2, IL1β and IL6. Further, the IKKβ and IкBα revealed significant downregulation and upregulation respectively in western blot. Immunofluorescence also revealed attenuated expression of TNFα and NFкB in neurons and also low expression of Iba1. Conclusion: ZLHXTY capsules elicit its neuroprotective effect by targetting the NFкβ canonical signalling pathway, thereby ameliorating the ICH induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mazhar
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijin Yang, ; Wei Ren, ; Maryam Mazhar,
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruizhi Tan
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Houping Xu
- Preventive Treatment Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Luyin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijin Yang, ; Wei Ren, ; Maryam Mazhar,
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijin Yang, ; Wei Ren, ; Maryam Mazhar,
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Stewart CE, Branyan TE, Sampath D, Sohrabji F. Sex Differences in the Long-Term Consequences of Stroke. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 62:287-308. [PMID: 35332459 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and as healthcare intervention improves, the number of stroke survivors has also increased. Furthermore, there exists a subgroup of younger adults, who suffer stroke and survive. Given the overall improved survival rate, bettering our understanding of long-term stroke outcomes is critical. In this review we will explore the causes and challenges of known long-term consequences of stroke and if present, their corresponding sex differences in both old and young survivors. We have separated these long-term post-stroke consequences into three categories: mobility and muscle weakness, memory and cognitive deficits, and mental health and mood. Lastly, we discuss the potential of common preclinical stroke models to contribute to our understanding of long-term outcomes following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Stewart
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Taylor E Branyan
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dayalan Sampath
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA. .,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, USA.
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Chen X, Liu J, Qin X. Long-term iTBS promotes neural structural and functional recovery by enhancing neurogenesis and migration via miR-551b-5p/BDNF/TrkB pathway in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res Bull 2022; 184:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Infantino R, Schiano C, Luongo L, Paino S, Mansueto G, Boccella S, Guida F, Ricciardi F, Iannotta M, Belardo C, Marabese I, Pieretti G, Serra N, Napoli C, Maione S. MED1/BDNF/TrkB pathway is involved in thalamic hemorrhage-induced pain and depression by regulating microglia. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 164:105611. [PMID: 34995755 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) and associated depression remain poorly understood and pharmacological treatments are unsatisfactory. Recently, microglia activation was suggested to be involved in CPSP pathophysiology. The goal of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a co-ultramicronized combination of N-palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin (PEALut) in a mouse model of thalamic hemorrhage (TH)-induced CPSP. TH was established through the collagenase-IV injection in thalamic ventral-posterolateral-nucleus. PEALut effects in CPSP-associated behaviors were evaluated during a 28-days observation period. We found that repeated administrations of co-ultra PEALut significantly reduced mechanical hypersensitivity after TH, as compared to vehicle, by reducing the early microglial activation in the perilesional site. Moreover, PEALut prevented the development of depressive-like behavior (21 days post-TH). These effects were associated with the restoration of synaptic plasticity in LEC-DG pathway and monoamines levels found impaired in TH mice. Hippocampal MED1 and TrkB expressions were significantly increased in TH compared to sham mice 21 days post-TH, whereas BDNF levels were decreased. PEALut restored MED1/TrkB/BDNF expression in mice. Remarkably, we found significant overexpression of MED1 in the human autoptic brain specimens after stroke, indicating a translational potential of our findings. These results pave the way for better-investigating depression in TH- induced CPSP, together with the involvement of MED1/TrkB/BDNF pathway, proposing PEALut as an adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCSS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Legal Medicine Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Ricciardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pieretti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Surgical and Dental Specialities, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Serra
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCSS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
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Huang T, Huang X, Li H, Qi J, Wang N, Xu Y, Zeng Y, Xiao X, Liu R, Chan YL, Oliver BG, Yi C, Li D, Chen H. Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure Exaggerates the Behavioral Defects and Neuronal Loss Caused by Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Female Offspring. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:818536. [PMID: 35250486 PMCID: PMC8894648 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.818536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy affects ∼6 in 1,000 preterm neonates, leading to significant neurological sequela (e.g., cognitive deficits and cerebral palsy). Maternal smoke exposure (SE) is one of the common causes of neurological disorders; however, female offspring seems to be less affected than males in our previous study. We also showed that maternal SE exaggerated neurological disorders caused by neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adolescent male offspring. Here, we aimed to examine whether female littermates of these males are protected from such insult.MethodsBALB/c dams were exposed to cigarette smoke generated from 2 cigarettes twice daily for 6 weeks before mating, during gestation and lactation. To induce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, half of the pups from each litter underwent left carotid artery occlusion, followed by exposure to 8% oxygen (92% nitrogen) at postnatal day (P) 10. Behavioral tests were performed at P40–44, and brain tissues were collected at P45.ResultsMaternal SE worsened the defects in short-term memory and motor function in females with hypoxic-ischemic injury; however, reduced anxiety due to injury was observed in the control offspring, but not the SE offspring. Both hypoxic-ischemic injury and maternal SE caused significant loss of neuronal cells and synaptic proteins, along with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.ConclusionOxidative stress and inflammatory response due to maternal SE may be the mechanism of worsened neurological outcomes by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in females, which was similar to their male littermates shown in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taida Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhua Qi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxin Zeng
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuewen Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruide Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chenju Yi,
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Dan Li,
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mitochondrial transplantation improves anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in aged stress-exposed rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 202:111632. [PMID: 35065970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and abnormalities in the tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (Kyn) pathway are linked to age-related mood disorders. This study investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the mitochondria isolated from young rat brain on depression-like behaviors of aged rats subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS). Aged (22 months old) male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Aged, Aged + Mit, Aged + CMS, and Aged + CMS + Mit. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were assessed using elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP levels, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) levels, and Kyn metabolites were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Golgi Cox staining was used to investigate the neuronal morphology. Mitotherapy decreased immobility time and anhedonia in the FST; increased open arm time and entries in the EPM; decreased grooming and increased rearing, center time, and the entrance in the OFT. Mitotherapy also reduced IDO and Kyn metabolites, restored MMP and ATP production, and enhanced dendritic length and spine density in the PFC. Overall, mitotherapy improved anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in aged rats and it could be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for age-related depressive disorders.
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Li L, Yasmen N, Hou R, Yang S, Lee JY, Hao J, Yu Y, Jiang J. Inducible Prostaglandin E Synthase as a Pharmacological Target for Ischemic Stroke. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:366-385. [PMID: 35099767 PMCID: PMC9130433 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the inducible terminal enzyme for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) contributes to neuroinflammation and secondary brain injury after cerebral ischemia via producing excessive PGE2. However, a proof of concept that mPGES-1 is a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke has not been established by a pharmacological strategy mainly due to the lack of drug-like mPGES-1 inhibitors that can be used in relevant rodent models. To this end, we recently developed a series of novel small-molecule compounds that can inhibit both human and rodent mPGES-1. In this study, blockade of mPGES-1 by our several novel compounds abolished the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in mouse primary brain microglia. Inhibition of mPGES-1 also decreased PGE2 produced by neuronal cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) stress. Among the five enzymes for PGE2 biosynthesis, mPGES-1 was the most induced one in cerebral ischemic lesions. Systemic treatment with our lead compound MPO-0063 (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) improved post-stroke well-being, decreased infarction and edema, suppressed induction of brain cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), alleviated locomotor dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior, and reduced the long-term cognitive impairments. The therapeutic effects of MPO-0063 in this proof-of-concept study provide the first pharmacological evidence that mPGES-1 represents a feasible target for delayed, adjunct treatment - along with reperfusion therapies - for acute brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Seyoung Yang
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiukuan Hao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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