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Tan C, Wang J, Ye X, Kasimu K, Li Y, Luo F, Yi H, Luo Y. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies key profibrotic regulators of TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and pulmonary fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2025; 12:1507163. [PMID: 40034336 PMCID: PMC11872725 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2025.1507163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal interstitial lung disease with high morbidity and mortality. IPF is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation (ECM) and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). To date, few anti-fibrotic therapeutics are available to reverse the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, and it is important to explore new profibrotic molecular regulators mediating EMT and pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Based on our model of TGF-β1-induced EMT in BEAS-2B cells, we performed the genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (GeCKO) screening technique, pathway and functional enrichment analysis, loss-of-function experiment, as well as other experimental techniques to comprehensively investigate profibrotic regulators contributing to EMT and the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Results Utilizing the GeCKO library screening, we identified 76 top molecular regulators. Ten candidate genes were subsequently confirmed by integrating the high-throughput data with findings from pathway and functional enrichment analysis. Among the candidate genes, knockout of COL20A1 and COL27A1 led to decreased mRNA expression of ECM components (Fibronectin and Collagen-I), as well as an increased rate of cell apoptosis. The mRNA expression of Collagen-I, together with the cell viability and migration, were inhibited when knocking out the WNT11. In addition, a decrease in the protein deposition of ECM components was observed by suppressing the expression of COL20A1, COL27A1, and WNT11. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the COL20A1, COL27A1, and WNT11 serve as key profibrotic regulators of EMT. Gaining understanding and insights into these key profibrotic regulators of EMT paves the way for the discovery of new therapeutic targets against the onset and progression of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang Tan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Ye
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaidirina Kasimu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Arabi TZ, Alkattan W, Osman NA, Sabbah BN, Ashraf N, Ouban A. Deciphering the role of claudins in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1435535. [PMID: 39364319 PMCID: PMC11446878 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1435535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major global health challenge, characterized by aggressive malignancy and poor prognostic outcomes. This review article focuses on the pivotal role of claudins, a family of tight junction proteins, in the pathophysiology of lung cancer. Claudins are integral to maintaining epithelial barrier function and cellular polarity, yet they are intricately involved in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer. The aberrant expression of claudins has been observed across various histological subtypes of lung cancer, indicating their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Specifically, claudins such as claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, and -7 exhibit diverse expression patterns that correlate with tumor aggressiveness, patient survival rates, and response to therapies. Inflammation and cytokine modulation significantly influence claudin expression, affecting tumor microenvironment dynamics and cancer progression. This review also highlights the therapeutic implications of targeting claudins, particularly in cases resistant to conventional treatments. Recent advances in this area suggest that claudin-modulating agents may enhance the efficacy of existing therapies and offer new avenues for targeted interventions. By integrating the latest research, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of claudin's roles in lung cancer and encourages further clinical trials to explore claudin-targeting therapies. This could pave the way for more effective management strategies, improving outcomes for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wael Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nader Ashraf
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ishii D, Kawasaki T, Sato H, Tatsumi K, Imamoto T, Yoshioka K, Abe M, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Suzuki T. Effects of Anti-Fibrotic Drugs on Transcriptome of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3750. [PMID: 38612561 PMCID: PMC11011476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Two anti-fibrotic drugs, pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib (NTD), are currently used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are immunocompetent cells that could orchestrate cell-cell interactions associated with IPF pathogenesis. We employed RNA sequencing to examine the transcriptome signature in the bulk PBMCs of patients with IPF and the effects of anti-fibrotic drugs on these signatures. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between "patients with IPF and healthy controls" and "before and after anti-fibrotic treatment" were analyzed. Enrichment analysis suggested that fatty acid elongation interferes with TGF-β/Smad signaling and the production of oxidative stress since treatment with NTD upregulates the fatty acid elongation enzymes ELOVL6. Treatment with PFD downregulates COL1A1, which produces wound-healing collagens because activated monocyte-derived macrophages participate in the production of collagen, type I, and alpha 1 during tissue damage. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) regulates wound healing by inhibiting plasmin-mediated matrix metalloproteinase activation, and the inhibition of PAI-1 activity attenuates lung fibrosis. DEG analysis suggested that both the PFD and NTD upregulate SERPINE1, which regulates PAI-1 activity. This study embraces a novel approach by using RNA sequencing to examine PBMCs in IPF, potentially revealing systemic biomarkers or pathways that could be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takuro Imamoto
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yoshioka
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Abe
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Shi T, Wang J, Dong J, Hu P, Guo Q. Periodontopathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and Their Roles in the Progression of Respiratory Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:1110. [PMID: 37764918 PMCID: PMC10535846 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between oral microbiota and the human host extends beyond the confines of the oral cavity, profoundly impacting the general health status. Both periodontal diseases and respiratory diseases show high prevalence worldwide and have a marked influence on the quality of life for the patients. Accumulating studies are establishing a compelling association between periodontal diseases and respiratory diseases. Here, in this review, we specifically focus on the key periodontal pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and dissect their roles in the onset and course of respiratory diseases, mainly pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and asthma. The mechanistic underpinnings and molecular processes on how P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum contribute to the progression of related respiratory diseases are further summarized and analyzed, including: induction of mucus hypersecretion and chronic airway inflammation; cytotoxic effects to disrupt the morphology and function of respiratory epithelial cells; synergistic pathogenic effects with respiratory pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By delving into the complex relationship to periodontal diseases and periodontopathogens, this review helps unearth novel insights into the etiopathogenesis of respiratory diseases and inspires the development of potential therapeutic avenues and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pingyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Li Z, Wang K, Tian L, Yao B, Wu Q, Wang T, Wang J. Genes related to N6-methyladenosine in the diagnosis and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Genet 2023; 13:1102422. [PMID: 36685949 PMCID: PMC9846232 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive pulmonary fibrotic disease with unknown etiology and poor outcomes. It severely affects the quality of life. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulators using gene expression data from various tissue sources in IPF patients and healthy volunteers. Methods: The gene expression matrix and clinical characteristics of IPF patients were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A random forest model was used to construct diagnosis signature m6A regulators. Regression analysis and correlation analysis were used to identify prognosis m6A regulators. Consensus cluster analysis was used to construct different m6A prognosis risk groups, then functional enrichment, immune infiltration and drug sensitivity analysis were performed. Result: Five candidate m6A genes from lung tissue were used to predict the incidence, and the incidence was validated using datasets from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Subsequently, the BALF dataset containing outcomes data was used for the prognosis analysis of m6A regulators. METTL14, G3BP2, and ZC3H13 were independent protective factors. Using correlation analysis with lung function in the lung tissue-derived dataset, METTL14 was a protective factor in IPF. Based on METTL14 and G3BP2, a consensus cluster analysis was applied to distinguish the prognostic m6A regulation patterns. The low-risk group's prognosis was significantly better than the high-risk group. Biological processes regulated by various risk groups included fibrogenesis and cell adhesion. Analysis of immune cell infiltration showed upregulation of neutrophils in the m6A high-risk group. Subsequently, five m6A high-risk group sensitive drugs and one m6A low-risk group sensitive drug were identified. Discussion: These findings suggest that m6A regulators are involved in the diagnosis and prognosis of IPF, and m6A patterns are a method to identify IPF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachao Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Keju Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Baojin Yao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Qibiao Wu, ; Tan Wang, ; Jing Wang,
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Qibiao Wu, ; Tan Wang, ; Jing Wang,
| | - Jing Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Qibiao Wu, ; Tan Wang, ; Jing Wang,
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Park S, Lee PH, Baek AR, Park JS, Lee J, Park SW, Kim DJ, Jang AS. Association of the Tight Junction Protein Claudin-4 with Lung Function and Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2735-2740. [PMID: 34675499 PMCID: PMC8502106 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s330674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) imposes a major healthcare burden. A tight junction protein, claudin-4 (CLDN4), may play a protective role in acute lung injury, but its role in COPD is unclear. To investigate the relationship between CLDN4 and COPD, we evaluated the association of CLDN4 with the clinical parameters of COPD, including exacerbations. Patients and Methods We analyzed a cohort of 30 patients with COPD and 25 healthy controls and evaluated their clinical parameters, including lung function. The plasma CLDN4 level in stable and exacerbated COPD was measured. Results The COPD patients were all males and predominantly smokers; their initial lung function was poorer than the healthy controls. The mean CLDN4 plasma level was 0.0219 ± 0.0205 ng/mg in the control group, 0.0086 ± 0.0158 ng/mg in the stable COPD group (COPD-ST) and 0.0917 ± 0.0871 ng/mg in the exacerbated COPD (COPD-EXA) group. The plasma CLDN4 level was significantly lower in the COPD-ST than the control group, but was significantly elevated in the COPD-EXA group. The plasma CLDN4 level was inversely correlated with forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second in the COPD-EXA group (r=0.506, P=0.001 and r=0.527, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion The plasma CLDN4 level is closely correlated with COPD exacerbations and decreased lung function. This suggests that CLDN4 has potential as a severity marker for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhee Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junehyuk Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Carlier FM, de Fays C, Pilette C. Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691227. [PMID: 34248677 PMCID: PMC8264588 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and pathogens. The underlying mechanisms of host protection encompass multiple physical, chemical, and immune pathways. In the lung, inhaled agents continually challenge the airway epithelial barrier, which is altered in chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we describe the epithelial barrier abnormalities that are observed in such disorders and summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms driving impaired barrier function, which could represent targets of future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology and Lung Transplant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Charlotte de Fays
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Planté-Bordeneuve T, Pilette C, Froidure A. The Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631235. [PMID: 34093523 PMCID: PMC8170303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the lung epithelium and the immune system involve a tight regulation to prevent inappropriate reactions and have been connected to several pulmonary diseases. Although the distal lung epithelium and local immunity have been implicated in the pathogenesis and disease course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), consequences of their abnormal interplay remain less well known. Recent data suggests a two-way process, as illustrated by the influence of epithelial-derived periplakin on the immune landscape or the effect of macrophage-derived IL-17B on epithelial cells. Additionally, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released by damaged or dying (epithelial) cells, are augmented in IPF. Next to “sterile inflammation”, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are increased in IPF and have been linked with lung fibrosis, while outer membrane vesicles from bacteria are able to influence epithelial-macrophage crosstalk. Finally, the advent of high-throughput technologies such as microbiome-sequencing has allowed for the identification of a disease-specific microbial environment. In this review, we propose to discuss how the interplays between the altered distal airway and alveolar epithelium, the lung microbiome and immune cells may shape a pro-fibrotic environment. More specifically, it will highlight DAMPs-PAMPs pathways and the specificities of the IPF lung microbiome while discussing recent elements suggesting abnormal mucosal immunity in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Planté-Bordeneuve
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Antoine Froidure
- Pôle de pneumologie, O.R.L. et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Service de pneumologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Zou J, Li Y, Yu J, Dong L, Husain AN, Shen L, Weber CR. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is associated with tight junction protein alterations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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He Y, Liu H, Wang S, Chen Y. In Silico Detection and Characterization of microRNAs and Their Target Genes in microRNA Microarray Datasets from Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-Interstitial Lung Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:933-944. [PMID: 31361540 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the main reason of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The potential microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) interaction networks of SSc-ILD from a systematic biological perspective are unclear. To characterize differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) likely related to SSc-ILD, we downloaded the miRNA microarray dataset (GSE81923) and mRNA datasets (GSE76808 and GSE81292) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses were conducted to predict target genes for DE-miRNAs and generate an miRNA-hub gene network with SSc-ILD. In total, 26 DE-miRNAs were detected in SSc-ILD, among which 2 were upregulated and 24 were downregulated. Additionally, 178 common DEGs (55 upregulated and 123 downregulated) were identified. miRNAs were primarily enriched in pathways involving inflammation and regulation of fibroblasts. The hub genes identified were MMP7, IER2, HBEGF, CCL4, NFKBIA, JUNB, LIF, SERPINE1, FOSL1, and NAMPT. We discovered the miRNA-mediated regulatory network in SSc-ILD using an integrated bioinformatic analysis. The findings provide novel insight and expand our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms participating in the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD, along with identification of new potential diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Zhang J, Chen J, Robinson C. Cellular and Molecular Events in the Airway Epithelium Defining the Interaction Between House Dust Mite Group 1 Allergens and Innate Defences. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3549. [PMID: 30423826 PMCID: PMC6274810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serodominant group 1 allergens of house dust mites (HDMs) are cysteine protease digestive enzymes. By increasing the detection of any allergen by dendritic antigen presenting cells, upregulating inflammatory signalling molecules, and activating cells crucial to the transition from innate to acquired immune responses, the proteolytic activity of these HDM allergens also underlies their behaviour as inhalant allergens. The significance of this property is underlined by the attenuation of allergic responses to HDMs by novel inhibitors in experimental models. The group 1 HDM allergens act as prothrombinases, enabling them to operate the canonical stimulation of protease activated receptors 1 and 4. This leads to the ligation of Toll-like receptor 4, which is an indispensable component in HDM allergy development, and reactive oxidant-regulated gene expression. Intermediate steps involve epidermal growth factor receptor ligation, activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteases, and the opening of pannexons. Elements of this transduction pathway are shared with downstream signalling from biosensors which bind viral RNA, suggesting a mechanistic linkage between allergens and respiratory viruses in disease exacerbations. This review describes recent progress in the characterisation of an arterial route which links innate responses to inhaled allergens to events underpinning the progression of allergy to unrelated allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Zhang
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Clive Robinson
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Kim BG, Lee PH, Lee SH, Park CS, Jang AS. Impact of ozone on claudins and tight junctions in the lungs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:798-806. [PMID: 29673049 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Claudins (CLDNs) are a major transmembrane protein component of tight junctions (TJs) in endothelia and epithelia. CLDNs are not only essential for sustaining the role of TJs in cell permeability but are also vital for cell signaling through protein-protein interactions. Ozone induces oxidative stress and lung inflammation in humans and experimental models, but the impact of ozone on claudins remains poorly understood. This study was to determine the expression of TJ proteins, such as claudin 3, 4, 5, and 14 following ozone exposure. Mice were exposed to 0.1, 1, or 2 ppm of ozone or ambient air for 6 h for 3 days. The impact of ozone on CLDNs, Nrf2, Keap1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated using immunoblotting, immunohistochemical staining, confocal imaging, and ELISA analysis in mice and bronchial epithelial cells. Mice exposed to ozone experienced increased airway inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchial hyper-responsiveness compared to control mice. Additionally, CLDN3, CLDN4, ROS, Nrf2, and Keap1 protein expression increased, and lung CLDN14 protein expression decreased, in mice exposed to ozone compared with control mice. These results indicate that CLDNs are involved in airway inflammation following ozone exposure, suggesting that ozone affects TJ proteins through oxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Gon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
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13
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Lewis JB, Bodine JS, Gassman JR, Muñoz SA, Milner DC, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Monson TD, Broberg DS, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Transgenic up-regulation of Claudin-6 decreases fine diesel particulate matter (DPM)-induced pulmonary inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18179-18188. [PMID: 29696536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-6 (Cldn6) is a tetraspanin transmembrane protein that contributes to tight junctional complexes and has been implicated in the maintenance of lung epithelial barriers. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that genetic up-regulation of Cldn-6 influences inflammation in mice exposed to short-term environmental diesel particulate matter (DPM). Mice were subjected to ten exposures of nebulized DPM (PM2.5) over a period of 20 days via a nose-only inhalation system (Scireq, Montreal, Canada). Using real-time RT-PCR, we discovered that the Cldn6 gene was up-regulated in control mice exposed to DPM and in lung-specific transgenic mice that up-regulate Cldn-6 (Cldn-6 TG). Interestingly, DPM did not further enhance Cldn-6 expression in Cldn-6 TG mice. DPM caused increased cell diapedesis into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from control mice; however, Cldn-6 TG mice had less total cells and PMNs in BALF following DPM exposure. Because Cldn-6 TG mice had diminished cell diapedesis, other inflammatory intermediates were screened to characterize the impact of increased Cldn-6 on inflammatory signaling. Cytokines that mediate inflammatory responses including TNF-α and IL-1β were differentially regulated in Cldn6 TG mice and controls following DPM exposure. These results demonstrate that epithelial barriers organized by Cldn-6 mediate, at least in part, diesel-induced inflammation. Further work may show that Cldn-6 is a key target in understanding pulmonary epithelial gateways exacerbated by environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jared S Bodine
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Samuel Arce Muñoz
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin C Milner
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Troy D Monson
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dallin S Broberg
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3054 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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14
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Lewis JB, Jimenez FR, Merrell BJ, Kimbler B, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. The expression profile of Claudin family members in the developing mouse lung and expression alterations resulting from exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:13-24. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1409846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Felix R. Jimenez
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Brigham J. Merrell
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Brent Kimbler
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Lee PH, Kim BG, Lee SH, Lee JH, Park SW, Kim DJ, Park CS, Leikauf GD, Jang AS. Alteration in Claudin-4 Contributes to Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness in Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:25-33. [PMID: 29178675 PMCID: PMC5705480 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Claudin-4 has been reported to function as a paracellular sodium barrier and is one of the 3 major claudins expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells. However, the possible role of claudin-4 in bronchial asthma has not yet been fully studied. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of claudin-4 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. METHODS We determined claudin-4 levels in blood from asthmatic patients. Moreover, using mice sensitized and challenged with OVA, as well as sensitized and challenged with saline, we investigated whether claudin-4 is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Der p1 induced the inflammatory cytokines in NHBE cells. RESULTS We found that claudin-4 in blood from asthmatic patients was increased compared with that from healthy control subjects. Plasma claudin-4 levels were significantly higher in exacerbated patients than in control patients with bronchial asthma. The plasma claudin-4 level was correlated with eosinophils, total IgE, FEV1% pred, and FEV1/FVC. Moreover, lung tissues from the OVA-OVA mice showed significant increases in transcripts and proteins of claudin-4 as well as in TJ breaks and the densities of claudin-4 staining. When claudin-4 was knocked down by transfecting its siRNA, inflammatory cytokine expressions, which were induced by Der p1 treatment, were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These findings thus raise the possibility that regulation of lung epithelial barrier proteins may constitute a therapeutic approach for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun Haneul Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Byeong Gon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - June Hyuck Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - An Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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16
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Kim BG, Lee PH, Lee SH, Baek AR, Park JS, Lee J, Park SW, Kim DJ, Park CS, Jang AS. Impact of the Endothelial Tight Junction Protein Claudin-5 on Clinical Profiles of Patients With COPD. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:533-542. [PMID: 30088372 PMCID: PMC6082819 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.5.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The tight junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is critical to the control of endothelial cellular polarity and pericellular permeability. The role of CLDN5 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CLDN5 levels and clinical variables in patients with COPD. Methods In total, 30 patients with COPD and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The plasma CLDN5 level was checked in patients with stable or exacerbated COPD and in healthy controls. Results The mean plasma CLDN5 level of patients with COPD was 0.63 ± 0.05 ng/mL and that of healthy controls was 6.9 ± 0.78 ng/mL (P = 0.001). The mean plasma CLDN5 level was 0.71 ± 0.05 ng/mL in exacerbated COPD patients and 0.63 ± 0.04 ng/mL in patients with stable COPD (P < 0.05). The plasma CLDN5 level among COPD subjects was correlated with the smoking amount (r = −0.530, P = 0.001). The plasma CLDN5 level in stable COPD patients was correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1, %pred.) (r = −0.481, P = 0.037). Conclusions The plasma CLDN5 level was not correlated with age. CLDN5 may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Further studies having a larger sample size will be needed to clarify CLDN5 in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Gon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Pureun Haneul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Junehyuk Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - An Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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Analysis of Microarray-Identified Genes and MicroRNAs Associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1804240. [PMID: 28588348 PMCID: PMC5446886 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1804240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify potential microRNAs and genes associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) through web-available microarrays. The microRNA microarray dataset GSE32538 and the mRNA datasets GSE32537, GSE53845, and GSE10667 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs)/genes (DEGs) were screened with GEO2R, and their associations with IPF were analyzed by comprehensive bioinformatic analyses. A total of 45 DE-microRNAs were identified between IPF and control tissues, whereas 67 common DEGs were determined to exhibit the same expression trends in all three microarrays. Furthermore, functional analysis indicated that microRNAs in cancer and ECM-receptor interaction were the most significant pathways and were enriched by the 45 DE-miRNAs and 67 common DEGs. Finally, we predicted potential microRNA-target interactions between 17 DE-miRNAs and 17 DEGs by using at least three online programs. A microRNA-mediated regulatory network among the DE-miRNAs and DEGs was constructed that might shed new light on potential biomarkers for the prediction of IPF progression.
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18
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Vukmirovic M, Herazo-Maya JD, Blackmon J, Skodric-Trifunovic V, Jovanovic D, Pavlovic S, Stojsic J, Zeljkovic V, Yan X, Homer R, Stefanovic B, Kaminski N. Identification and validation of differentially expressed transcripts by RNA-sequencing of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissue from patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:15. [PMID: 28081703 PMCID: PMC5228096 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease of unknown etiology. A major limitation in transcriptomic profiling of lung tissue in IPF has been a dependence on snap-frozen fresh tissues (FF). In this project we sought to determine whether genome scale transcript profiling using RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) could be applied to archived Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) IPF tissues. Results We isolated total RNA from 7 IPF and 5 control FFPE lung tissues and performed 50 base pair paired-end sequencing on Illumina 2000 HiSeq. TopHat2 was used to map sequencing reads to the human genome. On average ~62 million reads (53.4% of ~116 million reads) were mapped per sample. 4,131 genes were differentially expressed between IPF and controls (1,920 increased and 2,211 decreased (FDR < 0.05). We compared our results to differentially expressed genes calculated from a previously published dataset generated from FF tissues analyzed on Agilent microarrays (GSE47460). The overlap of differentially expressed genes was very high (760 increased and 1,413 decreased, FDR < 0.05). Only 92 differentially expressed genes changed in opposite directions. Pathway enrichment analysis performed using MetaCore confirmed numerous IPF relevant genes and pathways including extracellular remodeling, TGF-beta, and WNT. Gene network analysis of MMP7, a highly differentially expressed gene in both datasets, revealed the same canonical pathways and gene network candidates in RNA-Seq and microarray data. For validation by NanoString nCounter® we selected 35 genes that had a fold change of 2 in at least one dataset (10 discordant, 10 significantly differentially expressed in one dataset only and 15 concordant genes). High concordance of fold change and FDR was observed for each type of the samples (FF vs FFPE) with both microarrays (r = 0.92) and RNA-Seq (r = 0.90) and the number of discordant genes was reduced to four. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RNA sequencing of RNA obtained from archived FFPE lung tissues is feasible. The results obtained from FFPE tissue are highly comparable to FF tissues. The ability to perform RNA-Seq on archived FFPE IPF tissues should greatly enhance the availability of tissue biopsies for research in IPF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0356-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vukmirovic
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Blackmon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Vesna Skodric-Trifunovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Pulmonology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Pulmonology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stojsic
- Departement of Thoracopulmonary Pathology, Service of Pathology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Zeljkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Xiting Yan
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Branko Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Lewis JB, Milner DC, Lewis AL, Dunaway TM, Egbert KM, Albright SC, Merrell BJ, Monson TD, Broberg DS, Gassman JR, Thomas DB, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Up-Regulation of Claudin-6 in the Distal Lung Impacts Secondhand Smoke-Induced Inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1018. [PMID: 27763528 PMCID: PMC5086757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It has long been understood that increased epithelial permeability contributes to inflammation observed in many respiratory diseases. Recently, evidence has revealed that environmental exposure to noxious material such as cigarette smoke reduces tight junction barrier integrity, thus enhancing inflammatory conditions. Claudin-6 (Cldn6) is a tetraspanin transmembrane protein found within the tight junctional complex and is implicated in maintaining lung epithelial barriers. To test the hypothesis that increased Cldn6 ameliorates inflammation at the respiratory barrier, we utilized the Tet-On inducible transgenic system to conditionally over-express Clnd6 in the distal lung. Cldn6 transgenic (TG) and control mice were continuously provided doxycycline from postnatal day (PN) 30 until euthanasia date at PN90. A subset of Cldn6 TG and control mice were also subjected to daily secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) via a nose only inhalation system from PN30-90 and compared to room air (RA) controls. Animals were euthanized on PN90 and lungs were harvested for histological and molecular characterization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was procured for the assessment of inflammatory cells and molecules. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed increased Cldn6 expression in TG vs. control animals and SHS decreased Cldn6 expression regardless of genetic up-regulation. Histological evaluations revealed no adverse pulmonary remodeling via Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining or any qualitative alterations in the abundance of type II pneumocytes or proximal non-ciliated epithelial cells via staining for cell specific propeptide of Surfactant Protein-C (proSP-C) or Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP), respectively. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of Cldn6 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. As a general theme, inflammation induced by SHS exposure was influenced by the availability of Cldn6. These data reveal captivating information suggesting a role for Cldn6 in lungs exposed to tobacco smoke. Further research is critically necessary in order to fully explain roles for tight junctional components such as Cldn6 and other related molecules in lungs coping with exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Dallin C Milner
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Adam L Lewis
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Todd M Dunaway
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Kaleb M Egbert
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Scott C Albright
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Brigham J Merrell
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Troy D Monson
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Dallin S Broberg
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Daniel B Thomas
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Juan A Arroyo
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Lung and Placenta Research Laboratory, Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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20
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Kulkarni T, de Andrade J, Zhou Y, Luckhardt T, Thannickal VJ. Alveolar epithelial disintegrity in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L185-91. [PMID: 27233996 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00115.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by progressive decline in lung function, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Current concepts of the pathogenesis of IPF primarily center on dysregulated epithelial cell repair and altered epithelial-mesenchymal communication and extracellular matrix deposition following chronic exposure to cigarette smoke or environmental toxins. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the role of the intercellular junctional complex in determining the specific properties of epithelia in pulmonary diseases. Additionally, recent genomewide association studies suggest that specific genetic variants predictive of epithelial cell dysfunction may confer susceptibility to the development of sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A number of genetic disorders linked to pulmonary fibrosis and familial interstitial pneumonias are associated with loss of epithelial integrity. However, the potential links between extrapulmonary clinical syndromes associated with defects in epithelial cells and the development of pulmonary fibrosis are not well understood. Here, we report a case of hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia that presented with pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema on high-resolution computed tomography. This case illustrates a more generalizable concept of epithelial disintegrity in the development of fibrotic lung diseases, which is explored in greater detail in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joao de Andrade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tracy Luckhardt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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21
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Increased expressions of claudin 4 and 7 in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Med Mol Morphol 2016; 49:163-9. [PMID: 26872891 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-016-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of claudin (Cldn), the main constituent of tight junctions, may play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. To elucidate these abnormalities of tight junctions in lung adenocarcinoma during carcinogenesis, we examined immunohistochemical expressions of Cldn4 and Cldn7 in human lung resection materials. Lung resection specimens from 86 patients were studied, including 16 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), 19 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 32 invasive adenocarcinoma (ADC), 5 AIS with AAH, 2 ADC with AAH, 10 ADC with AIS, and 2 ADC with AIS and AAH. The immunohistochemical staining (IHC) score was defined for both the extent and intensity of staining. IHC score for Cldn4 in AIS and ADC was significantly higher than that in alveolar epithelium (AE) and AAH (p < 0.001 for both). In addition, the AAH score was significantly higher than that in AE (p < 0.001). The Cldn7 score in ADC was significantly increased compared with AE and AAH (p < 0.001 for both). These results suggested that increase of Cldn4-expression may be involved in early molecular events during carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma, whereas increase of Cldn7-expression may be associated with tumor invasion or progression.
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Kulkarni YM, Dutta S, Iyer AKV, Venkatadri R, Kaushik V, Ramesh V, Wright CA, Semmes OJ, Yakisich JS, Azad N. A proteomics approach to identifying key protein targets involved in VEGF inhibitor mediated attenuation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Proteomics 2015; 16:33-46. [PMID: 26425798 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a life expectancy of less than 5 years post diagnosis for most patients. Poor molecular characterization of IPF has led to insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, resulting in lack of effective therapies. In this study, we have integrated a label-free LC-MS based approach with systems biology to identify signaling pathways and regulatory nodes within protein interaction networks that govern phenotypic changes that may lead to IPF. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of proteins modulated in response to bleomycin treatment identified PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling as the most significant profibrotic pathways. Similar analysis of proteins modulated in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (CBO-P11) treatment identified natural killer cell signaling and PTEN signaling as the most significant antifibrotic pathways. Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were identified to be key mediators of pro- and antifibrotic response, where bleomycin (BLM) treatment resulted in increased expression and VEGF inhibitor treatment attenuated expression of mTOR and ERK. Using a BLM mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis and VEGF inhibitor CBO-P11 as a therapeutic measure, we identified a comprehensive set of signaling pathways and proteins that contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis that can be targeted for therapy against this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Sucharita Dutta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Leroy T. Canoles Jr, Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Anand Krishnan V Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Vivek Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Vani Ramesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Clayton A Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Oliver John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.,Leroy T. Canoles Jr, Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Juan S Yakisich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
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23
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Matthes SA, LaRouere TJ, Horowitz JC, White ES. Plakoglobin expression in fibroblasts and its role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:140. [PMID: 26545977 PMCID: PMC4636798 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial fibrotic lung disease of unknown origin and without effective therapy characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix by activated fibroblasts in the lung. Fibroblast activation in IPF is associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but little is known about the role of the β-catenin-homologous desmosomal protein, plakoglobin (PG), in IPF. The objective of this study was to assess the functional role of PG in human lung fibroblasts in IPF. Methods Human lung fibroblasts from normal or IPF patients were transfected with siRNA targeting PG and used to assess cellular adhesion to a fibronectin substrate, apoptosis and proliferation. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test with Mann–Whitney post-hoc analyses and results were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results We found that IPF lung fibroblasts expressed less PG protein than control fibroblasts, but that characteristic fibroblast phenotypes (adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis) were not controlled by PG expression. Consistent with this, normal fibroblasts in which PG was silenced displayed no change in functional phenotype. Conclusions We conclude that diminished PG levels in IPF lung fibroblasts do not directly affect certain phenotypic behaviors. Further study is needed to identify the functional consequences of decreased PG in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Matthes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA.
| | - Thomas J LaRouere
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA.
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA.
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24
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Schlingmann B, Molina SA, Koval M. Claudins: Gatekeepers of lung epithelial function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 42:47-57. [PMID: 25951797 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lung must maintain a proper barrier between airspaces and fluid filled tissues in order to maintain lung fluid balance. Central to maintaining lung fluid balance are epithelial cells which create a barrier to water and solutes. The barrier function of these cells is mainly provided by tight junction proteins known as claudins. Epithelial barrier function varies depending on the different needs within the segments of the respiratory tree. In the lower airways, fluid is required to maintain mucociliary clearance, whereas in the terminal alveolar airspaces a thin layer of surfactant enriched fluid lowers surface tension to prevent airspace collapse and is critical for gas exchange. As the epithelial cells within the segments of the respiratory tree differ, the composition of claudins found in these epithelial cells is also different. Among these differences is claudin-18 which is uniquely expressed by the alveolar epithelial cells. Other claudins, notably claudin-4 and claudin-7, are more ubiquitously expressed throughout the respiratory epithelium. Claudin-5 is expressed by both pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells. Based on in vitro and in vivo model systems and histologic analysis of lungs from human patients, roles for specific claudins in maintaining barrier function and protecting the lung from the effects of acute injury and disease are being identified. One surprising finding is that claudin-18 and claudin-4 control lung cell phenotype and inflammation beyond simply maintaining a selective paracellular permeability barrier. This suggests claudins have more nuanced roles for the control of airway and alveolar physiology in the healthy and diseased lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schlingmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Samuel A Molina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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25
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Expression of Tight Junction Components in Hepatocyte-Like Cells Differentiated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1059-70. [PMID: 25845432 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells can be differentiated in vitro into a wide variety of progeny cells by addition of different morphogens and growth factors. Our aim was to monitor the expression pattern of tight junction (TJ) components and various cellular markers during differentiation of stem cell lines toward the hepatic lineage. Human embryonic stem cell lines (HUES1, HUES9) were differentiated into endoderm-like cells, and further differentiated to hepatocyte-like cells. Gene expressions of Oct3/4, Nanog, alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, cytokeratins (CK-7, CK-8, CK-18, CK-19), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (ABCC2, ABCC7, ABCG2), and various TJ components, including claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-5, claudin-7, and tricellulin, as well as an extracellular matrix component, agrin were monitored during hepatic differentiation by real-time quantitative PCR. The differentiated cells exhibit epithelial morphology and functional assessments similar to that of hepatocytes. The expression level of stem cell marker genes (Oct3/4 and Nanog) significantly and gradually decreased, while liver-associated genes (alpha-fetoprotein, albumin) reached their highest expression at the end of the differentiation. The endoderm-like cells expressed claudin-1, which declined eventually. The expression levels of cholangiocyte markers including claudin-4, CK-7, CK-19, and agrin gradually increased and reached their highest level at the final stage of differentiation. In contrast, these cells did not express notable level of claudin-7, CK-8 and tricellulin. The marker set used for monitoring differentiation revealed both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte characteristics of the differentiated cells at the final stage. This is the first report describing the expression level changes of various TJ components, and underlining their importance in hepatic differentiation.
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26
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Yang IV, Pedersen BS, Rabinovich E, Hennessy CE, Davidson EJ, Murphy E, Guardela BJ, Tedrow JR, Zhang Y, Singh MK, Correll M, Schwarz MI, Geraci M, Sciurba FC, Quackenbush J, Spira A, Kaminski N, Schwartz DA. Relationship of DNA methylation and gene expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:1263-72. [PMID: 25333685 PMCID: PMC4315819 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1452oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an untreatable and often fatal lung disease that is increasing in prevalence and is caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms control gene expression and are likely to regulate the IPF transcriptome. OBJECTIVES To identify methylation marks that modify gene expression in IPF lung. METHODS We assessed DNA methylation (comprehensive high-throughput arrays for relative methylation arrays [CHARM]) and gene expression (Agilent gene expression arrays) in 94 patients with IPF and 67 control subjects, and performed integrative genomic analyses to define methylation-gene expression relationships in IPF lung. We validated methylation changes by a targeted analysis (Epityper), and performed functional validation of one of the genes identified by our analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified 2,130 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; <5% false discovery rate), of which 738 are associated with significant changes in gene expression and enriched for expected inverse relationship between methylation and expression (P < 2.2 × 10(-16)). We validated 13/15 DMRs by targeted analysis of methylation. Methylation-expression quantitative trait loci (methyl-eQTL) identified methylation marks that control cis and trans gene expression, with an enrichment for cis relationships (P < 2.2 × 10(-16)). We found five trans methyl-eQTLs where a methylation change at a single DMR is associated with transcriptional changes in a substantial number of genes; four of these DMRs are near transcription factors (castor zinc finger 1 [CASZ1], FOXC1, MXD4, and ZDHHC4). We studied the in vitro effects of change in CASZ1 expression and validated its role in regulation of target genes in the methyl-eQTL. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DNA methylation may be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana V. Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Brent S. Pedersen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Einat Rabinovich
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Corinne E. Hennessy
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Elissa Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brenda Juan Guardela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John R. Tedrow
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mandal K. Singh
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mick Correll
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Marvin I. Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mark Geraci
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Frank C. Sciurba
- Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Quackenbush
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David A. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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27
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Perkins TN, Peeters PM, Shukla A, Arijs I, Dragon J, Wouters EFM, Reynaert NL, Mossman BT. Indications for distinct pathogenic mechanisms of asbestos and silica through gene expression profiling of the response of lung epithelial cells. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1374-89. [PMID: 25351596 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposures to airborne asbestos and silica are associated with the development of lung fibrosis in the forms of asbestosis and silicosis, respectively. However, both diseases display distinct pathologic presentations, likely associated with differences in gene expression induced by different mineral structures, composition and bio-persistent properties. We hypothesized that effects of mineral exposure in the airway epithelium may dictate deviating molecular events that may explain the different pathologies of asbestosis versus silicosis. Using robust gene expression-profiling in conjunction with in-depth pathway analysis, we assessed early (24 h) alterations in gene expression associated with crocidolite asbestos or cristobalite silica exposures in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs). Observations were confirmed in an immortalized line (BEAS-2B) by QRT-PCR and protein assays. Utilization of overall gene expression, unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis and integrated pathway analysis revealed gene alterations that were common to both minerals or unique to either mineral. Our findings reveal that both minerals had potent effects on genes governing cell adhesion/migration, inflammation, and cellular stress, key features of fibrosis. Asbestos exposure was most specifically associated with aberrant cell proliferation and carcinogenesis, whereas silica exposure was highly associated with additional inflammatory responses, as well as pattern recognition, and fibrogenesis. These findings illustrate the use of gene-profiling as a means to determine early molecular events that may dictate pathological processes induced by exogenous cellular insults. In addition, it is a useful approach for predicting the pathogenicity of potentially harmful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - Paul M Peeters
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Department of Gastroenterology, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), and Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Brooke T Mossman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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28
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Protein kinase D is increased and activated in lung epithelial cells and macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101983. [PMID: 25000413 PMCID: PMC4084945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a relentlessly progressive and usually fatal lung disease of unknown etiology for which no effective treatments currently exist. Hence, there is a profound need for the identification of novel drugable targets to develop more specific and efficacious therapeutic intervention in IPF. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical analyses to assess the cell type-specific expression and activation of protein kinase D (PKD) family kinases in normal and IPF lung tissue sections. We also analyzed PKD activation and function in human lung epithelial cells. We found that PKD family kinases (PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3) were increased and activated in the hyperplastic and regenerative alveolar epithelial cells lining remodeled fibrotic alveolar septa and/or fibroblast foci in IPF lungs compared with normal controls. We also found that PKD family kinases were increased and activated in alveolar macrophages, bronchiolar epithelium, and honeycomb cysts in IPF lungs. Interestingly, PKD1 was highly expressed and activated in the cilia of IPF bronchiolar epithelial cells, while PKD2 and PKD3 were expressed in the cell cytoplasm and nuclei. In contrast, PKD family kinases were not apparently increased and activated in IPF fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. We lastly found that PKD was predominantly activated by poly-L-arginine, lysophosphatidic acid and thrombin in human lung epithelial cells and that PKD promoted epithelial barrier dysfunction. These findings suggest that PKD may participate in the pathogenesis of IPF and may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in this disease.
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29
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Tsujiwaki M, Murata M, Takasawa A, Hiratsuka Y, Fukuda R, Sugimoto K, Ono Y, Nojima M, Tanaka S, Hirata K, Kojima T, Sawada N. Aberrant expression of claudin-4 and -7 in hepatocytes in the cirrhotic human liver. Med Mol Morphol 2014; 48:33-43. [PMID: 24737165 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-014-0074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The liver comprises hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells such as bile duct epithelial cells. Claudin-4 and -7 are not expressed in hepatocytes under physiological conditions. It was reported that claudin-7 increased in human pulmonary fibroses. We therefore investigated claudin-4 and -7 expressions in human cirrhotic livers, in which hepatocyte proliferation is severely delayed. We examined liver tissues from 50 patients with liver tumors. The expression of claudin-4 and -7 in hepatocytes significantly increased with the grade of fibrosis, not with inflammatory activity, in the liver tissues of chronic hepatitis. The number of claudin-4- and -7-positive cells observed was greater than that of alpha-fetoprotein-positive hepatic progenitor cells. In primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes, the expression of claudin-4 and -7 was not induced by treatment with proinflammatory cytokines. In immunohistochemical analysis of liver tissues of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-treated mice and primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes, the expression of claudin-4 and -7 increased with proliferation of progenitor cells. However, the claudin-4- and -7-positive cells were not always progenitor cells. Thus, claudin-4 and -7 were observed in hepatocytes of severely damaged mouse and human livers. These findings suggest that claudin-4- and -7-positive hepatocytes may exist during the process of differentiation from progenitor cells into mature hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Tsujiwaki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1. W17, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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Guillot L, Nathan N, Tabary O, Thouvenin G, Le Rouzic P, Corvol H, Amselem S, Clement A. Alveolar epithelial cells: master regulators of lung homeostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2568-73. [PMID: 23988571 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The lung interfaces with the environment across a continuous epithelium composed of various cell types along the proximal and distal airways. At the alveolar structure level, the epithelium, which is composed of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells, represents a critical component of lung homeostasis. Indeed, its fundamental role is to provide an extensive surface for gas exchange. Additional functions that act to preserve the capacity for such unique gas transfer have been progressively identified. The alveolar epithelium represents a physical barrier that protects from environmental insults by segregating inhaled foreign agents and regulating water and ions transport, thereby contributing to the maintenance of alveolar surface fluid balance. The homeostatic role of alveolar epithelium relies on the regulated/controlled production of the pulmonary surfactant, which is not only a key determinant of alveolar mechanical stability but also a complex structure that participates in the cross-talk between local cells and the lung immune and inflammatory response. In regard to these critical functions, a major point is the maintenance of alveolar surface integrity, which relies on the renewal capacity of type II alveolar epithelial cells, and the contribution of progenitor populations within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Guillot
- Inserm, UMR S-938, F-75012 Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
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31
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Kapoor S. Claudin-7 expression and its association with tumor progression in systemic malignancies. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1957-8. [PMID: 23969095 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Claudin-7 expression and its association with tumor progression in systemic malignancies--reply. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1958-9. [PMID: 23856513 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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