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Huang Y, Liu F, Lai J, Jiang S, Tan X, Chen L, Xu Y, Xiong X, Deng Y. The adjuvant treatment role of ω-3 fatty acids by regulating gut microbiota positively in the acne vulgaris. J DERMATOL TREAT 2024; 35:2299107. [PMID: 38164791 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2299107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives:We aimed to explore the potential role of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids on acne vulgaris by modulating gut microbiota.Materials and Methods:We randomly divided the untreated acne patients into two groups with or without ω-3 fatty acids intervention for 12 weeks. The Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with acne model were given isotretinoin, ω-3 fatty acids or their combination respectively. Then the colonic contents samples of the drug intervention SD rats were transferred to the pseudo sterile rats with acne model. The severity of the disease was assessed by the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score of the patients, and the swelling rate of auricle and the pathological section of the rat with acne model. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to detect the alteration of the gut microbiota.Results:ω-3 fatty acids could increase the diversity of the gut microbiota and regulate the flora structure positively both in the patients and rats, increase the abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria and GAGS score in the patients, and alleviate the inflammation and comedones of rats.Conclusion:Supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids could alleviate the inflammation of acne vulgaris by increasing the abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Huang
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jindong Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tan
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingna Chen
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology & STD, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Koller EJ, Wood CA, Lai Z, Borgenheimer E, Hoffman KL, Jankowsky JL. Doxycycline for transgene control disrupts gut microbiome diversity without compromising acute neuroinflammatory response. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38178148 PMCID: PMC10765643 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The tetracycline transactivator (tTA) system provides controllable transgene expression through oral administration of the broad-spectrum antibiotic doxycycline. Antibiotic treatment for transgene control in mouse models of disease might have undesirable systemic effects resulting from changes in the gut microbiome. Here we assessed the impact of doxycycline on gut microbiome diversity in a tTA-controlled model of Alzheimer's disease and then examined neuroimmune effects of these microbiome alterations following acute LPS challenge. We show that doxycycline decreased microbiome diversity in both transgenic and wild-type mice and that these changes persisted long after drug withdrawal. Despite the change in microbiome composition, doxycycline treatment had minimal effect on basal transcriptional signatures of inflammation the brain or on the neuroimmune response to LPS challenge. Our findings suggest that central neuroimmune responses may be less affected by doxycycline at doses needed for transgene control than by antibiotic cocktails at doses used for experimental microbiome disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Koller
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Caleb A Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zoe Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ella Borgenheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kristi L Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Huffington Center On Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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3
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Zhao M, Ma J, Liu H, Luo Y, Deng H, Wang D, Wang F, Zhang P. The Gut Microbiota Contributes to Systemic Responses and Liver Injury in Gut-Derived Sepsis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1741. [PMID: 37512913 PMCID: PMC10383566 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota, as a major source of opportunistic pathogens, poses a great threat to systemic infection, whereas the role of the gut microbiota in sepsis is underestimated. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of different gut microbiota patterns (namely, enterotypes) in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced murine sepsis. To achieve this purpose, we built four kinds of enterotypes by exposing mice to different types of antibiotics (azithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin). The results showed that antibiotic exposure induced different enterotypes, which, in turn, led to varying levels of systemic inflammation in septic mice, with amoxicillin-associated enterotypes exhibiting the most severe inflammation, followed by metronidazole, azithromycin, and levofloxacin. Specifically, the amoxicillin-associated enterotype was characterized by an abundance of intestinal opportunistic pathogens, including Enterobacteriaceae, Sutterellaceae, and Morganellaceae. This enterotype played a significant role in promoting the pathogenic potential of the gut microbiota, ultimately contributing to the development of severe systemic inflammation. Furthermore, the amoxicillin-associated enterotype exaggerated the sepsis-related liver injury, as evidenced by higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and hepatic malondialdehyde. The results of the RNA sequencing and the fecal suspension intraperitoneal injection sepsis model indicated that the amoxicillin-associated enterotype provoked acute hepatic immune responses and led to more significant metabolic compensation in the event of sepsis. Collectively, we concluded that the gut microbiota was one crucial factor for heterogeneity in sepsis, where the modulated gut microbiota likely prevented or reduced the serious consequences of sepsis, at least in gut-derived sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huiru Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huiting Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nankai University Affiliated Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300387, China
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Carson MD, Warner AJ, Geiser VL, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Alekseyenko AV, Marshall J, Westwater C, Novince CM. Prolonged Antibiotic Exposure during Adolescence Dysregulates Liver Metabolism and Promotes Adiposity in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:796-812. [PMID: 36906264 PMCID: PMC10284030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic administration during early life has been shown to have lasting effects on the gut microbiota, which have been linked to sustained alterations in liver metabolism and adiposity. Recent investigations have discerned that the gut microbiota continues to develop toward an adult-like profile during adolescence. However, the impact of antibiotic exposure during adolescence on metabolism and adiposity is unclear. Herein, a retrospective analysis of Medicaid claims data was performed, which indicated that tetracycline class antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the systemic treatment of adolescent acne. The purpose of this was to discern the impact of a prolonged tetracycline antibiotic exposure during adolescence on the gut microbiota, liver metabolism, and adiposity. Male C57BL/6T specific pathogen-free mice were administered a tetracycline antibiotic during the pubertal/postpubertal adolescent growth phase. Groups were euthanized at different time points to assess immediate and sustained antibiotic treatment effects. Antibiotic exposure during adolescence caused lasting genera-level shifts in the intestinal bacteriome and persistent dysregulation of metabolic pathways in the liver. Dysregulated hepatic metabolism was linked to sustained disruption of the intestinal farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 axis, a gut-liver endocrine axis that supports metabolic homeostasis. Antibiotic exposure during adolescence increased subcutaneous, visceral, and marrow adiposity, which intriguingly manifested following antibiotic therapy. This preclinical work highlights that prolonged antibiotic courses for the clinical treatment of adolescent acne may have unintended deleterious effects on liver metabolism and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy J Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vincenza L Geiser
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Biomedical Informatics Center, Program for Human Microbiome Research, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Julie Marshall
- Division of Population Oral Health, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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5
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Diez-Méndez D, Bodawatta KH, Freiberga I, Klečková I, Jønsson KA, Poulsen M, Sam K. Indirect maternal effects via nest microbiome composition drive gut colonization in altricial chicks. Mol Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37096441 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbial communities are complex and heterogeneous and play critical roles for animal hosts. Early-life disruptions to microbiome establishment can negatively impact host fitness and development. However, the consequences of such early-life disruptions remain unknown in wild birds. To help fill this gap, we investigated the effect of continuous early-life gut microbiome disruptions on the establishment and development of gut communities in wild Great tit (Parus major) and Blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings by applying antibiotics and probiotics. Treatment neither affected nestling growth nor their gut microbiome composition. Independent of treatment, nestling gut microbiomes of both species grouped by brood, which shared the highest numbers of bacterial taxa with both nest environment and their mother. Although fathers showed different gut communities than their nestlings and nests, they still contributed to structuring chick microbiomes. Lastly, we observed that the distance between nests increased inter-brood microbiome dissimilarity, but only in Great tits, indicating that species-specific foraging behaviour and/or microhabitat influence gut microbiomes. Overall, the strong maternal effect, driven by continuous recolonization from the nest environment and vertical transfer of microbes during feeding, appears to provide resilience towards early-life disruptions in nestling gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Diez-Méndez
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kasun H Bodawatta
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inga Freiberga
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Klečková
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Knud A Jønsson
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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6
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Chapuis RJJ, Becker AAMJ, Dowling PM, Weese JS. Characterisation of faecal microbiota in horses medicated with oral doxycycline hyclate. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:129-141. [PMID: 35202500 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea is a common adverse effect of antimicrobial treatment in horses and has been reported following the administration of oral doxycycline. The administration of antimicrobials has also been associated with changes in the equine intestinal microbiota diversity yet has not been explored under doxycycline treatment. OBJECTIVES To describe the dynamics of the faecal microbial diversity following a 5-day oral administration of doxycycline in healthy horses with Streptococcus zooepidemicus infected tissue chambers. STUDY DESIGN Experimental prospective cohort study in a single horse group. METHODS Seven healthy adult horses with S. zooepidemicus infected tissue chambers received oral doxycycline at 10 mg/kg q 12 h for 5-days following the tissue chamber inoculation. Faeces were collected prior to the tissue chamber inoculation and until 28-days post inoculation. Faecal microbiota was characterised by high throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analysis was performed with Mothur and statistical analysis were conducted on R Studio. RESULTS A significant decrease in alpha diversity, characterised by a decrease of richness and diversity, and a decrease in beta diversity, characterised by changes in relative abundance, occurred after initiation of and during the administration of doxycycline. A decrease in Verrucomicrobia and increase in Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio occurred following the initiation of treatment, with a return to initial Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio during the treatment. It took 23 days after discontinuing the treatment for the faecal microbiota to return close to the initial state. MAIN LIMITATIONS Lack of control population within the study. CONCLUSIONS Transitory intestinal dysbiosis occurs under oral administration of doxycycline in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J J Chapuis
- Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anne A M J Becker
- Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia M Dowling
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Sarecycline Demonstrated Reduced Activity Compared to Minocycline against Microbial Species Representing Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030324. [PMID: 35326788 PMCID: PMC8944611 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged use of broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotics such as minocycline and doxycycline may significantly alter the gut and skin microbiome leading to dysbiosis. Sarecycline, a narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic used for acne treatment, is hypothesized to have minimal impact on the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. We evaluated the effect of sarecycline compared to minocycline against a panel of microorganisms that reflect the diversity of the gut microbiome using in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill kinetic assays. Compared to minocycline, sarecycline showed less antimicrobial activity indicated by higher MIC against 10 of 12 isolates from the Bacteroidetes phylum, three out of four isolates from Actinobacteria phylum, and five of seven isolates from the Firmicutes phylum, with significantly higher MIC values against Propionibacterium freudenreichii (≥3 dilutions). In time-kill assays, sarecycline demonstrated significantly less activity against Escherichia coli compared to minocycline at all time-points (p < 0.05). Moreover, sarecycline was significantly less effective in inhibiting Candida tropicalis compared to minocycline following 20- and 22-h exposure. Furthermore, sarecycline showed significantly less activity against Lactobacillus paracasei (recently renamed as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei) (p = 0.002) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis at 48 h (p = 0.042), when compared to minocycline. Overall, sarecycline demonstrated reduced antimicrobial activity against 79% of the tested gut microorganisms, suggesting that it is less disruptive to gut microbiota compared with minocycline. Further in vivo testing is warranted.
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8
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Short- and long-term effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or doxycycline on the gastrointestinal microbiome of growing cats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253031. [PMID: 34910719 PMCID: PMC8673677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment in early life influences gastrointestinal (GI) microbial composition and function. In humans, the resultant intestinal dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk for certain diseases later in life. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal effects of antibiotic treatment on the GI microbiome of young cats. Fecal samples were collected from cats randomly allocated to receive either amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20 mg/kg q12h) for 20 days (AMC group; 15 cats) or doxycycline (10 mg/kg q24h) for 28 days (DOX group;15 cats) as part of the standard treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. In addition, feces were collected from healthy control cats (CON group;15 cats). All cats were approximately two months of age at enrolment. Samples were collected on days 0 (baseline), 20 or 28 (AMC and DOX, respectively; last day of treatment), 60, 120, and 300. DNA was extracted and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and qPCR assays were performed. Fecal microbial composition was different on the last day of treatment for AMC cats, and 1 month after the end of antibiotic treatment for DOX cats, compared to CON cats. Species richness was significantly greater in DOX cats compared to CON cats on the last day of treatment. Abundance of Enterobacteriales was increased, and that of Erysipelotrichi was decreased in cats of the AMC group on the last day of treatment compared to CON cats. The abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria was increased in cats of the DOX group on days 60 and 120 compared to cats of the CON group. Only minor differences in abundances between the treatment groups and the control group were present on day 300. Both antibiotics appear to delay the developmental progression of the microbiome, and this effect is more profound during treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and one month after treatment with doxycycline. Future studies are required to determine if these changes influence microbiome function and whether they have possible effects on disease susceptibility in cats.
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9
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Valente Duarte de Sousa IC. Guidance for the pharmacological management of acne vulgaris. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:49-62. [PMID: 34686076 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1990263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many international guidelines and expert consensuses are available to help the clinician diagnose and treat acne vulgaris; however, a simplified practical guidance that integrates current existing published recommendations is still lacking. This article aims to give practical and simplified insight into the treatment of acne. AREAS COVERED Herein, the author discusses the treatment of comedonal, papulopustular, and nodular/cystic/conglobate acne. The author also proposes a simplified treatment escalation strategy that is based on disease severity and extension, starting with topical treatments for mild cases and progressing over to systemic therapies in more severe cases. EXPERT OPINION The ideal acne treatment would simultaneously and safely target all the pathogenic factors implicated in the appearance of acne lesions with minimal side effects. Since no such treatment currently exists, combination therapies are usually recommended for most types of acne. A major limitation in choosing an appropriate treatment plan is the discrepant use of classification systems across the published literature making it difficult to draw clear and succinct conclusions about the recommendations given. Acne is not a traditional infectious disease and so while antibiotics may improve symptoms, they do not reliably resolve the condition. Thus, there is currently a tendency to opt for antibiotic-sparing treatment strategies whenever possible.
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10
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Isotretinoin and Thalidomide Down-Regulate c-MYC Gene Expression and Modify Proteins Associated with Cancer in Hepatic Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195742. [PMID: 34641286 PMCID: PMC8510077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer. The number of cases is increasing and the trend for the next few years is not encouraging. HCC is usually detected in the advanced stages of the disease, and pharmacological therapies are not entirely effective. For this reason, it is necessary to search for new therapeutic options. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the drugs isotretinoin and thalidomide on c-MYC expression and cancer-related proteins in an HCC cellular model. The expression of c-MYC was measured using RT-qPCR and western blot assays. In addition, luciferase activity assays were performed for the c-MYC promoters P1 and P2 using recombinant plasmids. Dose-response-time analyses were performed for isotretinoin or thalidomide in cells transfected with the c-MYC promoters. Finally, a proteome profile analysis of cells exposed to these two drugs was performed and the results were validated by western blot. We demonstrated that in HepG2 cells, isotretinoin and thalidomide reduced c-MYC mRNA expression levels, but this decrease in expression was linked to the regulation of P1 and P1-P2 c-MYC promoter activity in isotretinoin only. Thalidomide did not exert any effect on c-MYC promoters. Also, isotretinoin and thalidomide were capable of inducing and repressing proteins associated with cancer. In conclusion, isotretinoin and thalidomide down-regulate c-MYC mRNA expression and this is partially due to P1 or P2 promoter activity, suggesting that these drugs could be promising options for modulating the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in HCC.
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11
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Changes in Gut Microbiota Induced by Doxycycline Influence in Vascular Function and Development of Hypertension in DOCA-Salt Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092971. [PMID: 34578849 PMCID: PMC8464928 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous experiments in animals and humans show that shifts in microbiota and its metabolites are linked to hypertension. The present study investigates whether doxycycline (DOX, a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic) improves dysbiosis, prevent cardiovascular pathology and attenuate hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats, a renin-independent model of hypertension. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, DOCA-salt treated with DOX for 4 weeks. DOX decreased systolic blood pressure, improving endothelial dysfunction and reducing aortic oxidative stress and inflammation. DOX decreased lactate-producing bacterial population and plasma lactate levels, improved gut barrier integrity, normalized endotoxemia, plasma noradrenaline levels and restored the Treg content in aorta. These data demonstrate that DOX through direct effects on gut microbiota and its non-microbial effects (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory) reduces endothelial dysfunction and the increase in blood pressure in this low-renin form of hypertension.
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12
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Fallah H, Rademaker M. Isotretinoin for acne vulgaris - an update on adverse effects and laboratory monitoring. J DERMATOL TREAT 2021; 33:2414-2424. [PMID: 34379039 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1967269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A significant barrier to the usage of isotretinoin has been concerns regarding its adverse effect profile. The dose-dependent mucocutaneous side effects of isotretinoin are well recognised and easily managed, particularly if a lower dose is used. A possible association with depression has gained widespread media attention and is a source of concern for many patients and their carers, but data from prospective studies and recent meta-analyses has been reassuring. Furthermore, there has been much confusion amongst both patients and physicians regarding a possible association with inflammatory bowel disease, as well the ocular and rheumatological adverse effects of isotretinoin. We provide an update on the evidence surrounding the adverse effects of isotretinoin, and discuss practical strategies to prevent and manage these adverse effects. We also discuss appropriate laboratory monitoring for patients taking isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haady Fallah
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The Skin Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marius Rademaker
- Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
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13
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Mejía-Granados DM, Villasana-Salazar B, Lozano-García L, Cavalheiro EA, Striano P. Gut-microbiota-directed strategies to treat epilepsy: clinical and experimental evidence. Seizure 2021; 90:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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14
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Doaré E, Héry-Arnaud G, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Alegria GC. Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren's Syndrome in a Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699011. [PMID: 34394092 PMCID: PMC8358393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been hypothesized that gut and oral dysbiosis may contribute to the development of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this systematic review was to assemble available data regarding the oral and gut microbiota in pSS and to compare them to data from healthy individuals and patients with dry symptoms without a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome or lupus disease to identify dysbiosis and discuss the results. Methodology Using the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies that compared the oral and gut microbiota of Sjögren's patients and controls. The PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched. Results Two-hundred and eighty-nine studies were found, and 18 studies were included: 13 referred to the oral microbiota, 4 referred to the gut microbiota, and 1 referred to both anatomical sites. The most frequent controls were healthy volunteers and patients with sicca symptoms. The most common analysis method used was 16S-targeted metagenomics. The results were mostly heterogeneous, and the results regarding diversity were not always in accordance. Dysbiosis in pSS was not confirmed, and reduced salivary secretion seems to explain more microbial changes than the underlying disease. Conclusion These heterogeneous results might be explained by the lack of a standardized methodology at each step of the process and highlight the need for guidelines. Our review provides evidence that sicca patients seem to be more relevant than healthy subjects as a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Doaré
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- UMR1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle Et Biotechnologies, INSERM, Université de Brest, EFS, IBSAM, Brest, France.,Centre Brestois d'Analyse du Microbiote, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
| | - Guillermo Carvajal Alegria
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
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15
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Valente Duarte de Sousa IC. An overview of sarecycline for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:145-154. [PMID: 32924666 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1813279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarecycline is a novel, tetracycline-class antibiotic specifically designed to treat inflammatory acne. It offers a narrow spectrum of activity (mainly against Cutinebacterium acnes), and it shows less in vitro activity than other tetracyclines against enteric Gram-negative bacteria, offering advantages over older tetracyclines by decreasing the disruption of the gastrointestinal microbiome and the likelihood of developing bacterial resistance. AREAS COVERED The drug's pharmacology, safety profile, and clinical efficacy are discussed. Results of phase I, II and III clinical trials have shown that 1.5 mg/kg/day sarecycline is safe, well tolerated and more effective than placebo in treating inflammatory acne in patients 9 years old and older. Furthermore, sarecycline's narrow spectrum of activity leads to a lower incidence of undesirable off-target antibacterial effects and consequently less adverse events such as diarrhea, fungal overgrowth and vaginal candidiasis. EXPERT OPINION Sarecycline could become the first-line antibiotic therapy used in acne in the near future as it is an effective option for treating inflammatory acne lesions. Due to its narrow spectrum of activity, it could have a more adequate safety profile than older tetracyclines; however, head-to-head trials comparing the efficacy and safety profile of sarecycline with other tetracyclines are still needed to prove sarecycline's superiority.
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16
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Endres K. Retinoic Acid and the Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease: Fighting Back-to-Back? Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:405-417. [PMID: 30907321 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190321163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota may play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, how these commensals influence disease risk and progression still has to be deciphered. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to summarize current knowledge on the interplay between gut microbiota and retinoic acid. The latter one represents one of the important micronutrients, which have been correlated to Alzheimer's disease and are used in initial therapeutic intervention studies. METHODS A selective overview of the literature is given with the focus on the function of retinoic acid in the healthy and diseased brain, its metabolism in the gut, and the potential influence that the bioactive ligand may have on microbiota, gut physiology and, Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Retinoic acid can influence neuronal functionality by means of plasticity but also by neurogenesis and modulating proteostasis. Impaired retinoid-signaling, therefore, might contribute to the development of diseases in the brain. Despite its rather direct impact, retinoic acid also influences other organ systems such as gut by regulating the residing immune cells but also factors such as permeability or commensal microbiota. These in turn can also interfere with retinoid-metabolism and via the gutbrain- axis furthermore with Alzheimer's disease pathology within the brain. CONCLUSION Potentially, it is yet too early to conclude from the few reports on changed microbiota in Alzheimer's disease to a dysfunctional role in retinoid-signaling. However, there are several routes how microbial commensals might affect and might be affected by vitamin A and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Kvarme H, Fjellanger R, Bondevik C, Astor MC, Barrett T, Haugen O, Storebråten G, Karliczek A, Vaagbø G, Sande Leikanger I, Tveit KS, Engjom T, von Volkmann HL. A young male with epitheliolysis in the small bowel and colon. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:631-633. [PMID: 32393134 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1760344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is characterized by epidermal necrosis of various degree, and can affect the entire body surface. Affection of small bowel and colon is a rare manifestation of TEN. We present a case with an unusual appearance of epitheliolysis of the small bowel and colon due to a toxic reaction.Case report: A 19 year old male was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) after treatment with tetracyclines followed by isotretinoin due to acne vulgaris. Medical treatment did not lead to improvement of his UC, and an emergency resection of the colon was performed. Postoperatively his condition worsened due to small bowel epitheliolysis, and he recovered finally 6 months later after a partial small bowel resection.Conclusion: The true cause of this very serious situation with severe gastrointestinal involvement is not fully understood. In this case, successive treatment with antibiotics and isotretinoin given to a patient with an inflamed colon might have triggered the destruction of the epithelial barrier, leading to an immense immunological reaction in the intestinal wall. We suggest that physicians should be aware of UC-like symptoms occurring prior to or during treatment with tetracyclines and/or isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Kvarme
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renée Fjellanger
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Bondevik
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Torill Barrett
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddbjørn Haugen
- Department of anesthesiology, Intensive Care Unit, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gøril Storebråten
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Karliczek
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guro Vaagbø
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hyperbaric Medical Unit, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kåre Steinar Tveit
- Department of Dermatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trond Engjom
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Polkowska‐Pruszyńska B, Gerkowicz A, Krasowska D. The gut microbiome alterations in allergic and inflammatory skin diseases – an update. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:455-464. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Polkowska‐Pruszyńska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - A. Gerkowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
| | - D. Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology Medical University of Lublin Lublin Poland
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19
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Lee YB, Byun EJ, Kim HS. Potential Role of the Microbiome in Acne: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070987. [PMID: 31284694 PMCID: PMC6678709 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin condition involving sebaceous sties. Although it clearly develops from an interplay of multiple factors, the exact cause of acne remains elusive. It is increasingly believed that the interaction between skin microbes and host immunity plays an important role in this disease, with perturbed microbial composition and activity found in acne patients. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes; formerly called Propionibacterium acnes) is commonly found in sebum-rich areas and its over-proliferation has long been thought to contribute to the disease. However, information provided by advanced metagenomic sequencing has indicated that the cutaneous microbiota in acne patients and acne-free individuals differ at the virulent-specific lineage level. Acne also has close connections with the gastrointestinal tract, and many argue that the gut microbiota could be involved in the pathogenic process of acne. The emotions of stress (e.g., depression and anxiety), for instance, have been hypothesized to aggravate acne by altering the gut microbiota and increasing intestinal permeability, potentially contributing to skin inflammation. Over the years, an expanding body of research has highlighted the presence of a gut–brain–skin axis that connects gut microbes, oral probiotics, and diet, currently an area of intense scrutiny, to acne severity. This review concentrates on the skin and gut microbes in acne, the role that the gut–brain–skin axis plays in the immunobiology of acne, and newly emerging microbiome-based therapies that can be applied to treat acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Byun
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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20
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Russell AH, Horner C, Livermore DM, MacGowan AP. Doxycycline in UK guidelines for hospital-acquired pneumonia: where is the evidence base?—authors’ response. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:1767. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia H Russell
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Carolyne Horner
- British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Research progress of gut flora in improving human wellness. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Spalinger MR, Schmidt TS, Schwarzfischer M, Hering L, Atrott K, Lang S, Gottier C, Geirnaert A, Lacroix C, Dai X, Rawlings DJ, Chan AC, von Mering C, Rogler G, Scharl M. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 modulates colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2527-2541. [PMID: 31107248 DOI: 10.1172/jci123263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is crucial for our health, and well-balanced interactions between the host's immune system and the microbiota are essential to prevent chronic intestinal inflammation, as observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A variant in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) is associated with reduced risk of developing IBD, but promotes the onset of autoimmune disorders. While the role of PTPN22 in modulating molecular pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis is well studied, its impact on shaping the intestinal microbiota has not been addressed in depth. Here, we demonstrate that mice carrying the PTPN22 variant (619W mice) were protected from acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis, but suffered from pronounced inflammation upon chronic DSS treatment. The basal microbiota composition was distinct between genotypes, and DSS-induced dysbiosis was milder in 619W mice than in WT littermates. Transfer of microbiota from 619W mice after the first DSS cycle into treatment-naive 619W mice promoted colitis, indicating that changes in microbial composition enhanced chronic colitis in those animals. This indicates that presence of the PTPN22 variant affects intestinal inflammation by modulating the host's response to the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Sb Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Life Science and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Gottier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Geirnaert
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xuezhi Dai
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew C Chan
- Research, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christian von Mering
- Institute of Molecular Life Science and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Institute for Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Institute for Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Microbiological Profile of Sarecycline, a Novel Targeted Spectrum Tetracycline for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01297-18. [PMID: 30397052 PMCID: PMC6325184 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01297-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarecycline is the first narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic being developed for acne treatment. In addition to exhibiting activity against important skin/soft tissue pathogens, sarecycline exhibits targeted antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Cutibacterium acnes. Sarecycline is the first narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic being developed for acne treatment. In addition to exhibiting activity against important skin/soft tissue pathogens, sarecycline exhibits targeted antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Cutibacterium acnes. In the current study, sarecycline was 16- to 32-fold less active than broad-spectrum tetracyclines—such as minocycline and doxycycline—against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli associated with the normal human intestinal microbiome. Also, reduced activity against Escherichia coli was observed in vivo in a murine septicemia model, with the 50% protective doses, or the doses required to achieve 50% survival, being >40 mg/kg of body weight and 5.72 mg/kg for sarecycline and doxycycline, respectively. Sarecycline was also 4- to 8-fold less active than doxycycline against representative anaerobic bacteria that also comprise the normal human intestinal microbiome. Additionally, C. acnes strains displayed a low propensity for the development of resistance to sarecycline, with spontaneous mutation frequencies being 10−10 at 4 to 8 times the MIC, similar to those for minocycline and vancomycin. When tested against Gram-positive pathogens with defined tetracycline resistance mechanisms, sarecycline was more active than tetracycline against tet(K) and tet(M) strains, with MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1.0 μl/ml and 8 μl/ml, respectively, compared with MICs of 16 to 64 μl/ml and 64 μl/ml for tetracycline, respectively. However, sarecycline activity against the tet(K) and tet(M) strains was decreased compared to that against the wild type, which demonstrated MICs ranging from 0.06 to 0.25 μl/ml, though the decrease in the activity of sarecycline against the tet(K) and tet(M) strains was not as pronounced as that of tetracycline. These findings support sarecycline as a narrow-spectrum tetracycline-class antibiotic that is effective for the treatment of acne, and further investigation into the potential reduced effects on the gut microbiome compared with those of other agents is warranted.
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Large-Scale Integrative Analysis of Epigenetic Modifications Induced by Isotretinoin, Doxycycline and Metronidazole in Murine Colonic Intestinal Epithelial Cells. EPIGENOMES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes1030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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