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Asigbaase M, Adusu D, Musah AA, Anaba L, Nsor CA, Abugre S, Derkyi M. Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal tree species used in the treatment of diseases by forest-fringe communities of Southwestern Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23645. [PMID: 38226220 PMCID: PMC10788458 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Demand for medicinal plant remedies is rising globally, while indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants is declining rapidly. The preservation of indigenous knowledge is critical in discovering and developing innovative drugs. The ongoing discussions on providing nature-based solutions to contemporary issues make it urgent to document indigenous knowledge about medicinal trees, especially in areas with limited or no studies such as our study area. Our study aimed to understand the use of medicinal trees among the communities fringing the Asukese and Amama Shelterbelt Forest Reserves. We administered structured questionnaires and interviewed 88 respondents who were selected using snowball and simple random techniques. The ethnobotanical survey data were processed and evaluated using parameters such as Indigenous Knowledge Index (IKI), Relative Citation Frequency (RCF), Species Use Value (SUV), Family Use Value (FUV), and Plant Part Value (PPV). We found that ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal trees was higher in respondents who were widowed or had larger number of dependants. We found that the local communities used diverse medicinal trees (70 species belonging to 33 families) to treat 83 ailments. Azadirachta indica had the highest RCF (8.9) and SUV (23.4). The other top four species according to the SUV were Alstonia boonei (SUV = 11.1), Khaya senegalensis (SUV = 10.7), Moringa oleifera (SUV = 10.3) and Cocos nucifera (SUV = 10.2). The most-well represented and valuable families were Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae, Arecaceae, Rubiaceae and Malvaceae. Medicinal trees had alternative uses such as food, fodder, fuelwood, and construction material. Indigenous knowledge about medicinal trees was transmitted to younger generations predominantly by parents. The results show that the most known botanical families and species with the most useful parts were the most useful plant families and species. Thus, the selection of medicinal trees was driven by their traits. Furthermore, results indicate that species diversity is critical to the healthcare needs of local communities and that their conservation and sustainable use and the preservation of indigenous knowledge are crucial to ensuring good health and the general well-being of local communities of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Asigbaase
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Daniel Adusu
- Department of Environmental Management, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Adisa Ayeley Musah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Linda Anaba
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Collins Ayine Nsor
- Department of Forest Resources Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Simon Abugre
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Mercy Derkyi
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
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Fu J, Luo X, Lin M, Xiao Z, Huang L, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Tao H. Marine-Fungi-Derived Gliotoxin Promotes Autophagy to Suppress Mycobacteria tuberculosis Infection in Macrophage. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:616. [PMID: 38132937 PMCID: PMC10745037 DOI: 10.3390/md21120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection causes tuberculosis (TB) and has been a long-standing public-health threat. It is urgent that we discover novel antitubercular agents to manage the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of MTB and tackle the adverse effects of the first- and second-line antitubercular drugs. We previously found that gliotoxin (1), 12, 13-dihydroxy-fumitremorgin C (2), and helvolic acid (3) from the cultures of a deep-sea-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. SCSIO Ind09F01, showed direct anti-TB effects. As macrophages represent the first line of the host defense system against a mycobacteria infection, here we showed that the gliotoxin exerted potent anti-tuberculosis effects in human THP-1-derived macrophages and mouse-macrophage-leukemia cell line RAW 264.7, using CFU assay and laser confocal scanning microscope analysis. Mechanistically, gliotoxin apparently increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and Atg5 expression, but did not influence macrophage polarization, IL-1β, TNF-a, IL-10 production upon MTB infection, or ROS generation. Further study revealed that 3-MA could suppress gliotoxin-promoted autophagy and restore gliotoxin-inhibited MTB infection, indicating that gliotoxin-inhibited MTB infection can be treated through autophagy in macrophages. Therefore, we propose that marine fungi-derived gliotoxin holds the promise for the development of novel drugs for TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (J.F.)
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Miaoping Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zimin Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (J.F.)
| | - Lishan Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (J.F.)
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yongyan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (J.F.)
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Huaming Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (J.F.)
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Mahmoud M, Tan Y. New advances in the treatments of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:863-870. [PMID: 37477234 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2240022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TB is associated with high mortality and morbidity among infected individuals and a high transmission rate from person to person. Despite the availability of vaccines and several anti-TB,TB infection continues to increase. Global resistance to TB remains the greatest challenge. There has not been extensive research into a new treatment and management strategy for TB resistance therapy. This review is based on a review of new advances and alternative drugs in the treatment of drug-resistant TB. AREAS COVERED New drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis therapy involves a combination of the latest TB drugs, new anti-TB drugs based on medicinal plant extracts for drug-resistant TB, mycobacteriophage therapy, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and nanotechnology. EXPERT OPINION It is necessary to determine the function of individual gene alterations in drug-resistant TB. A combination of the most recent anti-TB drugs, such as bedaquiline and delamanid, is recommended. Longitudinal studies and animal model experiments with some medicinal plant extracts are required for better results. Nanotechnology has the potential to reduce drug side effects. Useful efficacy of phage therapy and CRISPR-cas9 technology as adjunct therapies for the management of drug-resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Microbiology; China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology; China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Dougnon V, Legba BB, Gbaguidi B, Agbodjento E, Agbankpe AJ, Rocha D, Ayi I, Azonbakin S, Diallo A, Bonkoungou IJ, Klotoe JR, Agbangla C, Alitonou GA. A review of some medicinal plants with the potential to defeat antimicrobial resistance: Cases of Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina Faso, and Cape Verde. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.124-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem. In the alternatives being explored for developing new antimicrobials, medicinal plants occupy an important place, particularly in Africa, where they are widely used. This review aims to analyze the potential of medicinal plants from Benin, Togo, Ghana, Burkina-Faso, and Cape Verde in the fight against AMR. A bibliographic search was conducted to explore scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. During this search, particular attention was given to epidemiological data related to AMR in these countries, medicinal plants traditionally used to treat microbial infections and medicinal plants that have been shown to be active on multidrug-resistant microbial strains. In total, 94 manuscripts were investigated. Epidemiological data showed that the problem of AMR is worsening in each target country. In addition, several medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be effective against microbial strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. A total of 532 medicinal plants were identified according to their ethnomedical uses for the treatment of microbial infections. Scientific evidence was collected on the antimicrobial potential of 91 plants. This study showed the potential of medicinal plants in the fight against AMR. Their documented traditional use, coupled with the evidence of efficacy provided, make them interesting sources for developing new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victorien Dougnon
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Boris Brice Legba
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Bertin Gbaguidi
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Eric Agbodjento
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Alidehou Jerrold Agbankpe
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Diara Rocha
- Department of Biology, University of Cape Verde, Cape Verde
| | - Irene Ayi
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Simon Azonbakin
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | | | - Isidore Juste Bonkoungou
- Department of Biochemistry - Microbiology, University of University Joseph KI ZERBO, Burkina-Faso
| | - Jean Robert Klotoe
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Clément Agbangla
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Guy Alain Alitonou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Mtenga DV, Ripanda AS. A review on the potential of underutilized Blackjack (Biden Pilosa) naturally occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09586. [PMID: 35669545 PMCID: PMC9163511 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Indigenous edible vegetables in sub-Saharan countries have potential bioactive compounds, including underutilized Biden pilosa (BP). Bioactives from Indigenous edible vegetables are re-evolving as an alternative medicine potential for drug formulations. BP has also been used to mitigate over 40 different diseases in people and animals as herbal medication. Due to globalization and urbanization, people move from more active to more sedentary lifestyles, home-cooked meals to fast foods and snacks, organic foods to processed food with high sugar, salt, and fat. The consumption of native fruits and vegetables is now replaced by a highly processed calory diet, leading to metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, obesity, and other diet-related non-communicable diseases. Hence this article was designed to investigate the existing reports on the use, knowledge and the need to utilize the potentiality of BP further to overcome nutritional deficiencies, food scarcity and mitigation of medical conditions in sub-Saharan Africa. The use of plant-based drugs will aid to decrease the health capitation load as most countries do not have enough funds for purchasing synthetic chemicals used to mitigate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deodata V. Mtenga
- Institute of Development Studies, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Asha S. Ripanda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Tanzania
- Corresponding author.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Xylopic Acid on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:4524877. [PMID: 35098133 PMCID: PMC8799360 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4524877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Xylopic acid (XA), the major constituent of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica, has shown several pharmacological properties. Traditionally, the plant is used to treat several diseases and is being used in the preparation of several local foods despite the lack of information about its safety, food-drug interaction, and other pharmacokinetic properties. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of XA on rat liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in vivo and in vitro. Methods Inhibition or induction of some isoforms of CYP450 enzymes: CYP 1A1/1A2, 1A2, 2B1/2B2, 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 were investigated using microsomal fractions of the liver obtained from rats pretreated with a low dose of xylopic acid (LDT) 30 mg/kg, high dose of xylopic acid (HDT) 100 mg/kg, phenobarbitone (PC) 80 mg/kg, and ketoconazole (NC) 100 mg/kg, and a no-treatment group received distilled water, with (n = 5) animals in each group. The in vitro inhibition of CYP 3A4 was assessed by treating rat liver microsomes with XA. Results Xylopic acid induced CYP 1A1/1A2, 1A2, 2D6, and 2C9, inhibited CYP 3A4, and had no effect on 2B1/2B2. Conclusion The findings would help mitigate toxicity and therapeutic failure especially in cases of coadministration of medications with food containing XA, with metabolism altered by the latter.
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Abubakar IB, Kankara SS, Malami I, Danjuma JB, Muhammad YZ, Yahaya H, Singh D, Usman UJ, Ukwuani-Kwaja AN, Muhammad A, Ahmed SJ, Folami SO, Falana MB, Nurudeen QO. Traditional medicinal plants used for treating emerging and re-emerging viral diseases in northern Nigeria. Eur J Integr Med 2022; 49:102094. [PMID: 36573184 PMCID: PMC9760313 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction For decades, viral diseases have been treated using medicinal plants and herbal practices in the northern part of Nigeria. Though scarcely investigated, these medicinal plants could serve as potential sources for novel antiviral drugs against emerging and remerging viral diseases. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the medicinal practices and plants used to treat emerging and re-emerging viral diseases including hepatitis, poliomyelitis, monkeypox, smallpox, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, and COVID-19 in some northern states; Katsina, Kebbi, Kwara and Sokoto states. Method Administered questionnaires and oral interviews were used to collect information on medicinal plants, method of preparation of herbal formulations, diagnosis, and treatment of viral diseases. Medicinal plants were collected, botanically identified, and assigned voucher numbers. The plant names were verified using www.theplantlist.org, www.worldfloraonline.org and the international plant names index. Result A total of 280 participating herbal medicine practitioners (HMPs) mentioned 131 plants belonging to 65 families. Plant parts such as roots, bark, leaf, seed, and fruit were prepared as a decoction, concoction, infusion, or ointment for oral and topical treatment of viral diseases. Moringa oleifera (75.3%), Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (80%), and Acacia nilotica (70%) were the most frequently mentioned plants in Kebbi, Kwara and Sokoto states, respectively. Conclusion The study revealed scarcely investigated and uninvestigated medicinal plants used to treat hepatitis, poliomyelitis, monkeypox, smallpox, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, and COVID-19. Future studies should be conducted to determine the antiviral potency and isolate novel bioactive agents from these plants against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria,Corresponding author
| | - Sulaiman Sani Kankara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, PMB 2218 Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Jamilu Bala Danjuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hafsat Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Umar Jaji Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 810271, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi Jega Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Sulaimon Olayiwola Folami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
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Bioactive triterpenoids from Solanum torvum fruits with antifungal, resistance modulatory and anti-biofilm formation activities against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260956. [PMID: 34962953 PMCID: PMC8714089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection that affects women of reproductive age. Its increased occurrence and associated treatment cost coupled to the rise in resistance of the causative pathogen to current antifungal therapies has necessitated the need for the discovery and development of novel effective antifungal agents for the treatment of the disease. We report in this study the anti-Candida albicans activity of Solanum torvum 70% ethanol fruit extract (STF), fractions and some isolated compounds against four (4) fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans. We further report on the effect of the isolated compounds on the antifungal activity of fluconazole and voriconazole in the resistant isolates as well as their inhibitory effect on C. albicans biofilm formation. STF was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) to obtain four respective major fractions, which were then evaluated for anti-C. albicans activity using the microbroth dilution method. The whole extract and fractions recorded MICs that ranged from 0.25 to 16.00 mg/mL. From the most active fraction, STF- CHCl3 (MIC = 0.25-1.00 mg/mL), four (4) known compounds were isolated as Betulinic acid, 3-oxo-friedelan-20α-oic acid, Sitosterol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside and Oleanolic acid. The compounds demonstrated considerably higher antifungal activity (0.016 to 0.512 mg/mL) than the extract and fractions and caused a concentration-dependent anti-biofilm formation activity. They also increased the sensitivity of the C. albicans isolates to fluconazole. This is the first report of 3-oxo-friedelan-20α-oic acid in the plant as well as the first report of betulinic acid, sitosterol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid from the fruits of S. torvum. The present study has demonstrated the anti-C. albicans activity of the constituents of S. torvum ethanol fruit extract and also shown that the constituents possess anti-biofilm formation and resistance modulatory activities against fluconazole-resistant clinical C. albicans isolates.
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Faye G, Birhanu T, Belete T. Survey and Antimicrobial Activity Study of Ethnomedicinal Plants in Selected Districts of North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:5511-5520. [PMID: 34955645 PMCID: PMC8694572 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s333772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergency of multidrug resistance due to the global burden of infectious diseases and drug misuse leads to an urgent identification of new medicines from medicinal plants. The study was designed to perform the documentation of ethno-medicinal plants usage, extraction, phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of the herbal extracts. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted in this study. Maceration of plant extraction, phytochemical screening and disc diffusion method for antimicrobial activity tests were employed. Results The results of the study indicated that Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae and Sapindaceae plant families have commonly used for the treatment of infectious diseases in the study areas. The antimicrobial activity test results indicated that Ostegia integrifolia Benth which was extracted with chloroform solvent showed equivalent inhibition zone as compared to standard drug, gentamicin. All the extracts could be considered as broad spectrum, have strong inhibition against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. All extracts against C. albicans were also revealed strong inhibition activity as compared to fungal standard drug, contamazole. Conclusion Phytochemical screening showed the existence of secondary metabolites in the studied plants and thus, supports the traditional healers’ claim of such plants use for the treatment of diseases. The study also concluded that chloroform extracts of all plants showed promising antimicrobial activities against K. pneumonia, and C. albicans. Therefore, further in vitro and vivo antimicrobial activity study of chloroform extracts against these bacterial and fungal strains were recommended. Moreover, isolation and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from chloroform extracts were also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gezahegn Faye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Nature Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Birhanu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Salale University, Fiche, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Tolosa Belete
- Department of Biology, College of Nature Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
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Fatima S, Kumari A, Dwivedi VP. Advances in adjunct therapy against tuberculosis: Deciphering the emerging role of phytochemicals. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:494-513. [PMID: 34977867 PMCID: PMC8706769 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eastern countries are a major source of medicinal plants, which set up a rich source of ethnopharmacologically known medicines used in the treatment of various diseases. These traditional medicines have been known as complementary, alternative, or nonconventional therapy across globe for ages. Tuberculosis (TB) poses a huge global burden and leads to maximum number of deaths due to an infectious agent. Treatment of TB using Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) therapy comprises multiple antibiotics is quite lengthy and causes serious side-effects in different organs. The length of the TB treatment leads to withdrawal from the patients, which paves the way for the emergence of drug resistance in the bacterial population. These concerns related to therapy need serious and immediate interventions. Traditional medicines using phytochemicals has shown to provide tremendous potential in TB treatment, mainly in the eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), increasing natural immunity, and managing the side effects of anti-TB drugs. This review describes the antituberculosis potential of selected ethnopharmacologically important phytochemicals as potential immune-modulator and as an adjunct-therapy in TB. This review will be a useful reference for researchers working on ethnopharmacology and will open the door for the discovery of novel agents as an adjunct-therapy to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Fatima
- Immunobiology GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Anjna Kumari
- Immunobiology GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
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Oryema C, Rutaro K, Oyet SW, Malinga GM. Ethnobotanical plants used in the management of symptoms of tuberculosis in rural Uganda. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:92. [PMID: 34809718 PMCID: PMC8607616 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) poses a major health security threat. Plants have traditionally been used as a source of medicine, since olden days and 80% of the communities in Africa still rely on herbal medicines for their healthcare. In many parts of Uganda, some plants have shown ethno-pharmacological prospects for the treatment of TB, and yet they have not been fully researched. AIM This study aimed to document plant species used traditionally by the herbalists and non-herbalist communities of Kitgum and Pader districts for managing symptoms of TB. METHODS An ethnobotanical study was carried out in 42 randomly selected villages in Kitgum and Pader districts between August 2020 and January 2021. Information was obtained by administering semi-structured questionnaires to 176 respondents identified by snowball and random sampling methods. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). RESULTS Overall, only 27% of the respondents were knowledgeable about plants used for managing symptoms of TB. Nine plant species belonging to six families (Mimosaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae) were used to manage symptoms of TB. The most representative family was Rutaceae with three species, followed by Rubiaceae (two species) and the rest of the families were represented by one species each. The most frequently recorded species were Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst. (8.5%), Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn (6.8%) and Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.Wight (6.8%). Most of the medicinal plants were trees, and roots (69%) were the most frequently plant part used, followed by the bark (16%) and leaves (15%). The most common method of preparation was by pounding and mixing concoction with water. The administration of the concoctions was mostly done orally. CONCLUSIONS The results established the existence of few medicinal plants for managing symptoms of TB among the Acholi communities which could be used in developing new, effective plant-based antimycobacterial drugs. The few plants mentioned might face conservation threats due to exploitations of the roots. Phytochemical and toxicological studies are recommended to identify active compounds responsible for antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Oryema
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.
| | - Karlmax Rutaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sam William Oyet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
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Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9910365. [PMID: 34541000 PMCID: PMC8448615 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9910365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the chief components in the different oriental formulations in different traditional medical systems worldwide. As a thriving source of medicine, the medicinal plants with antituberculosis (TB) properties inspire the pharmacists to develop new drugs based on their active components or semimetabolites. In the present review, the anti-TB medicinal plants were screened from the scientific literatures, based on the botanical classification and the anti-TB activity. The obtained anti-TB medicinal plants were categorized into three different categories, viz., 159 plants critically examined with a total 335 isolated compounds, 131 plants with their crude extracts showing anti-TB activity, and 27 plants in literature with the prescribed formula by the traditional healers. Our systemic analysis on the medicinal plants can assist the discovery of novel and more efficacious anti-TB drugs.
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Ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and evidence-based pharmacological properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: extensive overview. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Chenopodium genus is a plant family widely spread worldwide that includes various plant species reputed to possess several medicinal virtues in folk medicines. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is among the most used plants in traditional medicines worldwide. This review aimed to highlight ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical status, and pharmacological properties of C. ambrosioides L.
Main body of the abstract
The analysis of relevant data highlights various ethnomedicinal uses against human and veterinary diseases in forty countries. Most indications consisted of gastrointestinal tract dysfunctioning troubles and worms parasitemia. Around 330 chemical compounds have been identified in different plant parts, especially in its essential oil fractions (59.84%). However, only a few compounds—mainly monoterpenes and glycosides—have been isolated and characterized. Experimental pharmacological studies validated a large scale of significant health benefits. It appeared that many monoterpenes are antioxidant, insecticidal, trypanocidal, analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, acaricidal, amoebicidal, anthelmintic, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antifertility, antifungal, anti-leishmanial, antimalarial, antipyretic, antisickling, antischistosomal, antiulcer, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory, molluscicidal, and vasorelaxant agents.
Short conclusion
Thus, the Chenopodium ambrosioides species necessitates further chemical studies to isolate and characterize new bioactive secondary metabolites and pharmacological investigations to precise the mechanisms of action before clinical trials.
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Investigating Ghanaian Allium Species for Anti-Infective and Resistance-Reversal Natural Product Leads to Mitigate Multidrug-Resistance in Tuberculosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080902. [PMID: 34438951 PMCID: PMC8388710 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulbs of Allium species are a known source of antibacterial phytochemicals. Anti-infective, efflux pump and biofilm inhibitory activities of bulb extracts of selected Ghanaian shallots Allium cepa var aggregatum were evaluated using the HT-SPOTi assay and other whole-cell phenotypic screening techniques to determine their possible mechanisms of action. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of white A. cepa inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 and Escherichia coli, respectively. The majority of the Allium extracts significantly (p < 0.05) exhibited efflux pump inhibitory activity against all the acid-fast, Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains used. Hexane and chloroform extract of the pink A. cepa and the aqueous extract of the white A. cepa significantly inhibited M. smegmatis biofilm formation. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the inhibition was observed at 250 µg/mL for the aqueous extract (~77.34%) and 125 µg/mL for the hexane extract (~76.51%). The results suggest that Ghanaian shallots could potentially be useful when further developed to tackle antimicrobial resistance, particularly in tuberculosis (TB).
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Ghule B, Agrawal P, Lal P, Kothari D, Kotagale N. Separation and quantification of lupeol in Hygrophila schulli by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-021-00079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bhaskar A, Kumari A, Singh M, Kumar S, Kumar S, Dabla A, Chaturvedi S, Yadav V, Chattopadhyay D, Prakash Dwivedi V. [6]-Gingerol exhibits potent anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity against tuberculosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106809. [PMID: 32693356 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The currently available anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) comprises exclusively of anti-bacterial drugs, is very lengthy, has adverse side effects on the host and leads to the generation of drug-resistant variants. Therefore, a combination therapy directed against the pathogen and the host is required to counter tuberculosis (TB). Here we demonstrate that [6]-Gingerol, one of the most potent and pharmacologically active ingredients of ginger restricted mycobacterial growth inside the lungs, spleen and liver of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The spleen of [6]-Gingerol treated mice displayed increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced Th1/Th17 responses confirming the immunomodulatory action of [6]-Gingerol. Finally, [6]-Gingerol displayed an excellent potential as an adjunct drug, along with front line anti-TB drug isoniazid. Interestingly, [6]-Gingerol displayed stark anti-tubercular activity against dormant/starved bacilli and drug-resistant variants of Mtb. Taken together, these results indicate strong prospects of [6]-Gingerol as an adjunct anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory drug for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Bhaskar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anjna Kumari
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Dabla
- Signal Transduction Laboratory-1, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, India
| | | | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Salehi B, Stojanović-Radić ZZ, Fokou PVT, Sharifi-Rad M, Mahady GB, Sharifi-Rad M, Masjedi MR, Lawal TO, Ayatollahi SA, Masjedi J, Sharifi-Rad R, Setzer WN, Sharifi-Rad M, Kobarfard F, Rahman AU, Choudhary MI, Ata A, Iriti M. Medicinal plants used in the treatment of tuberculosis - Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107629. [PMID: 32896577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization, with approximately one third of the world's population being latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis treatment consists in an intensive phase and a continuation phase. Unfortunately, the appearance of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis, mainly due to low adherence to prescribed therapies or inefficient healthcare structures, requires at least 20 months of treatment with second-line, more toxic and less efficient drugs, i.e., capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin and fluoroquinolones. Therefore, there exists an urgent need for discovery and development of new drugs to reduce the global burden of this disease, including the multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. To this end, many plant species, as well as marine organisms and fungi have been and continue to be used in various traditional healing systems around the world to treat tuberculosis, thus representing a nearly unlimited source of active ingredients. Besides their antimycobacterial activity, natural products can be useful in adjuvant therapy to improve the efficacy of conventional antimycobacterial therapies, to decrease their adverse effects and to reverse mycobacterial multi-drug resistance due to the genetic plasticity and environmental adaptability of Mycobacterium. However, even if some natural products have still been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies, the validation of their efficacy and safety as antituberculosis agents is far from being reached, and, therefore, according to an evidence-based approach, more high-level randomized clinical trials are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zorica Z Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 581, Ghana; Antimicrobial Agents Unit, LPMPS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé 812, Cameroon
| | - Marzieh Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Gail B Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratories, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Masjedi
- Tobacco Control Strategic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Temitope O Lawal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratories, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Masjedi
- Tobacco Control Strategic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 61663335 Zabol, Iran.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Atta-Ur Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Obakiro SB, Kiprop A, Kowino I, Kigondu E, Odero MP, Omara T, Bunalema L. Ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, and phytochemistry of traditional medicinal plants used in the management of symptoms of tuberculosis in East Africa: a systematic review. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:68. [PMID: 32818019 PMCID: PMC7427981 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies on the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) using herbal medicines have been undertaken in recent decades in East Africa. The details, however, are highly fragmented. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the reported medicinal plants used to manage TB symptoms, and to analyze scientific reports on their effectiveness and safety. METHOD A comprehensive literature search was performed in the major electronic databases regarding medicinal plants used in the management of TB in East Africa. A total of 44 reports were retrieved, and data were collected on various aspects of the medicinal plants such as botanical name, family, local names, part(s) used, method of preparation, efficacy, toxicity, and phytochemistry. The data were summarized into percentages and frequencies which were presented as tables and graphs. RESULTS A total of 195 species of plants belonging to 68 families and 144 genera were identified. Most encountered species were from Fabaceae (42.6%), Lamiaceae (19.1%), Asteraceae (16.2%), and Euphorbiaceae (14.7%) families. Only 36 medicinal plants (18.5%) have been screened for antimycobacterial activity. Out of these, 31 (86.1%) were reported to be bioactive with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 47 to 12,500 μg/ml. Most tested plant extracts were found to have acceptable acute toxicity profiles with cytotoxic concentrations on normal mammalian cells greater than 200 μg/ml. The most commonly reported phytochemicals were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and phenols. Only Tetradenia riparia, Warburgia ugandensis, and Zanthoxylum leprieurii have further undergone isolation and characterization of the pure bioactive compounds. CONCLUSION East Africa has a rich diversity of medicinal plants that have been reported to be effective in the management of symptoms of TB. More validation studies are required to promote the discovery of antimycobacterial drugs and to provide evidence for standardization of herbal medicine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Baker Obakiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, P.O. Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Ambrose Kiprop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Isaac Kowino
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masinde-Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190-50100, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth Kigondu
- Centre of Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Peter Odero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Timothy Omara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Africa Centre of Excellence II in Phytochemicals, Textiles and Renewable Energy (ACE II PTRE), Moi University, P.O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Department of Quality Control and Quality Assurance, Product Development Directory, AgroWays Uganda Limited, Plot 34-60, Kyabazinga Way, P.O. Box 1924, Jinja, Uganda
| | - Lydia Bunalema
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae) Rhizome Essential Oil Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in the G 2/M Phase and Cell Death in HepG2 Cells and Inhibits the Development of Tumors in a Xenograft Model. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112687. [PMID: 32527068 PMCID: PMC7321242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae), popularly known in Brazil as “priprioca” or “piriprioca”, is a tropical and subtropical plant used in popular medical practices to treat many diseases, including cancer. In this study, C. articulatus rhizome essential oil (EO), collected from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, was addressed in relation to its chemical composition, induction of cell death in vitro and inhibition of tumor development in vivo, using human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells as a cell model. EO was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), respectively. The cytotoxic activity of EO was examined against five cancer cell lines (HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, HL-60 and B16-F10) and one non-cancerous one (MRC-5) using the Alamar blue assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell death were investigated using flow cytometry in HepG2 cells treated with EO after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. The cells were also stained with May–Grunwald–Giemsa to analyze the morphological changes. The anti-liver-cancer activity of EO in vivo was evaluated in C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice with HepG2 cell xenografts. The main representative substances of this EO sample were muskatone (11.6%), cyclocolorenone (10.3%), α-pinene (8.26%), pogostol (6.36%), α-copaene (4.83%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.82%). EO showed IC50 values for cancer cell lines ranging from 28.5 µg/mL for HepG2 to >50 µg/mL for HCT116, and an IC50 value for non-cancerous of 46.0 µg/mL (MRC-5), showing selectivity indices below 2-fold for all cancer cells tested. HepG2 cells treated with EO showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M along with internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The morphological alterations included cell shrinkage and chromatin condensation. Treatment with EO also increased the percentage of apoptotic-like cells. The in vivo tumor mass inhibition rates of EO were 46.5–50.0%. The results obtained indicate the anti-liver-cancer potential of C. articulatus rhizome EO.
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Traditional and complementary treatments do have a role to play in global health, but probably not in emerging pandemics. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 7:1-2. [PMID: 32373451 PMCID: PMC7195069 DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Anti-tuberculosis activity of bio-active compounds from Lantana camara L., Euphorbia hirta L., Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem, and Abutilon indicum (L.). Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners to boost the immune system in people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sarkar A, Ghosh S, Shaw R, Patra MM, Calcuttawala F, Mukherjee N, Das Gupta SK. Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate synthase (ThyX) is a target for plumbagin, a natural product with antimycobacterial activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228657. [PMID: 32017790 PMCID: PMC6999906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin derived from the plant Plumbago indica, known as Chitrak in India, is an example of a medicinal compound used traditionally to cure a variety of ailments. Previous reports have indicated that it can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of the deadly disease TB. In this investigation, we provide an insight into its mode of action. We show here that a significant mycobacterial target that is inhibited by plumbagin is the enzyme ThyX, a form of thymidylate synthase, that is responsible for the synthesis of dTMP from dUMP in various bacterial pathogens, including Mtb. Using a purified preparation of the recombinant version of Mtb ThyX, we demonstrate that plumbagin, a 2,4 napthoquinone, but not lawsone, a structurally related medicinal compound, inhibits its activity in vitro. We also show that the intracellular [dTTP]/[dATP] ratio in Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm) cells decrease upon treatment with plumbagin, and this, in turn, leads to cell death. Such a conclusion is supported by the observation that over-expression of thyx in the plumbagin treated Msm cells leads to the restoration of viability. The results of our investigation indicate that plumbagin kills mycobacterial cells primarily by targeting ThyX, a vital enzyme required for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreya Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Rahul Shaw
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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Sieniawska E, Maciejewska-Turska M, Świątek Ł, Xiao J. Plant-based Food Products for Antimycobacterial Therapy. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200418.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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25
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An W, Lai H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lin X, Cao S. Apoptotic Pathway as the Therapeutic Target for Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31354479 PMCID: PMC6639427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence indicates that apoptosis is closely related to the survival of cancer and it has emerged as a key target for the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Various studies indicate that targeting the apoptotic signaling pathway by anticancer drugs is an important mechanism in cancer therapy. Therefore, numerous novel anticancer agents have been discovered and developed from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway of cancer cells and shown clinically beneficial effects in cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion for the role, pharmacology, related biology, and possible mechanism(s) of a number of important anticancer TCMs and their derivatives mainly targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway. It may have important clinical implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Honglin Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Mazlun MH, Sabran SF, Mohamed M, Abu Bakar MF, Abdullah Z. Phenolic Compounds as Promising Drug Candidates in Tuberculosis Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132449. [PMID: 31277371 PMCID: PMC6651284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains one of the deadliest, infectious diseases worldwide. The detrimental effects caused by the existing anti-TB drugs to TB patients and the emergence of resistance strains of M. tuberculosis has driven efforts from natural products researchers around the globe in discovering novel anti-TB drugs that are more efficacious and with less side effects. There were eleven main review publications that focused on natural products with anti-TB potentials. However, none of them specifically emphasized antimycobacterial phenolic compounds. Thus, the current review’s main objective is to highlight and summarize phenolic compounds found active against mycobacteria from 2000 to 2017. Based on the past studies in the electronic databases, the present review also focuses on several test organisms used in TB researches and their different distinct properties, a few types of in vitro TB bioassay and comparison between their strengths and drawbacks, different methods of extraction, fractionation and isolation, ways of characterizing and identifying isolated compounds and the mechanism of actions of anti-TB phenolic compounds as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Harith Mazlun
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Sabran
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Maryati Mohamed
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zunoliza Abdullah
- Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong 52109, Selangor, Malaysia
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Aro AO, Dzoyem JP, Awouafack MD, Selepe MA, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ. Fractions and isolated compounds from Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus (Rubiaceae) have promising antimycobacterial and intracellular activity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:108. [PMID: 31117999 PMCID: PMC6532187 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a deadly disease caused by Mycobacterium species. The use of medicinal plants is an ancient global practice for the treatment and prevention of diverse ailments including tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize antimycobacterial compounds by bioassay-guided fractionation of the acetone leaf extract of Oxyanthus speciosus. METHODS A two-fold serial microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against mycobacteria. Cytotoxicity and nitric oxide inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds was determined to evaluate in vitro safety and potential anti-inflammatory activity. Intracellular efficacy of the crude extract against Mycobacterium-infected macrophages was also determined. RESULTS Two compounds were isolated and identified as lutein (1) and rotundic acid (2). These had good antimycobacterial activity against the four mycobacteria tested with MIC values ranging from 0.013 to 0.1 mg/mL. Rotundic acid had some cytotoxicity against C3A human liver cells. Lutein was not cytotoxic at the highest tested concentration (200 μg/mL) and inhibited nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages by 94% at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. The acetone crude extract (120 μg/mL) of O. speciosus had intracellular antimycobacterial activity, reducing colony forming units by more than 90%, displaying bactericidal efficacy in a dose and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION This study provides good proof of the presence of synergism between different compounds in extracts and fractions. It is also the first report of the antimycobacterial activity of lutein and rotundic acid isolated from Oxyanthus speciosus. The promising activity of the crude extract of O. speciosus both in vitro and intracellularly in an in vitro macrophage model suggests its potential for development as an anti- tuberculosis (TB) herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O. Aro
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
| | - Jean P. Dzoyem
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maurice D. Awouafack
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.OBox 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
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Gezici S, Şekeroğlu N. Current Perspectives in the Application of Medicinal Plants Against Cancer: Novel Therapeutic Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:101-111. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181224121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. It
has become a major health problem in the past decades and is now the second leading cause of death globally.
Although, there are different types of treatment such as chemotherapy, immune therapy, radiation, hormone
therapy and targeted therapy used against cancer, they have possible side effects and significant deficiencies.
Methods:
This review aims to outline the benefits of medicinal plants and plant-derived products and highlight
why they should be used as novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus,
ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, and MedlinePlus were searched to summarize in vitro, in vivo and clinical
studies on anticancer effects of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds up-to-date.
Results:
In recent years, a number of medicinal plants have been administered to cancer patients in order to
prevent and treat cancer as an alternative therapy. These plants were used because of their rich anticarcinogenic
and chemoprotective potentials. In addition to these remarkable properties, these plants have less toxic anticancer,
anti-tumor and anti-proliferation agents than traditional therapeutics. Nevertheless, only a small number
of natural anti-tumor products including vinblastine, vincristine, podophyllotoxin, paclitaxel (Taxol) and camptothecin
have been tested clinically, while vinflunine ditartrate, anhydrovinblastine, NK-611, tafluposide, paclitaxel
poliglumex, combretastatins, salvicine, curcumin, indirubin, triptolide, homoharringtonine are still on trial.
Conclusion:
Consequently, more effective anticancer compounds are identified during the clinical trials; these
natural products could be a key source of antitumor agents in modern anticancer therapy. It is expected that
novel anticancer phytopharmaceuticals produced from medicinal plants could be effectively used in prevention
and therapy for the cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gezici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature; Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
| | - Nazım Şekeroğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000 Kilis, Turkey
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El Omari K, Hamze M, Alwan S, Osman M, Jama C, Chihib NE. In-vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of Micromeria barbata, Eucalyptus globulus and Juniperus excelsa against strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (including MDR), Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium gordonae. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:615-618. [PMID: 30738755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium spp. are responsible for several diseases, particularly in immunocompromised populations. The spreading of the resistance to antimycobacterial drugs is a significant problem to the public health and requires to find out a new and innovative alternative for the treatment of drug resistant mycobacterial strains. In this study, the antimycobacterial activity of Micromeria barbata, Eucalyptus globulus and Juniperus excelsa essential oils extracted from Lebanese plants was investigated against selected Mycobacterium spp. strains. METHODS Several dilutions of the three aforementioned essential oils were studied for antimycobacterial activity against four Mycobacterium spp. strains: Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. tuberculosis (ATCC® 27294™), multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis (CMUL 157), Mycobacterium kansasii Hauduroy (ATCC® 12478™) and Mycobacterium gordonae Bojalil et al. (ATCC® 14470™). RESULTS Even with high dilutions, all tested essential oils showed a high antimycobacterial activity against targeted strains. Our data showed that M. barbata, E. globulus and J. excelsa essential oils totally inhibit the mycobacterial growth whatever the tested strains for the dilution 1/250, 1/100 and 1/250, respectively. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the antimycobacterial activity of essential oils in Lebanon. Our data show promising results, and encourage to investigate more on these medicinal plants, especially M. barbata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled El Omari
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon; Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of Tripoli & North Lebanon, Lebanon; CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-PSI, Université de Lille, Avenue Dimitri Mendeleïev, CS 90108, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; CNRS, INRA, UMR 8207-UMET-PIHM, Université de Lille, 369 rue Jules Guesde, CS 20039, 59651, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon.
| | - Saer Alwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Charafeddine Jama
- CNRS, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-PSI, Université de Lille, Avenue Dimitri Mendeleïev, CS 90108, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Nour-Eddine Chihib
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8207-UMET-PIHM, Université de Lille, 369 rue Jules Guesde, CS 20039, 59651, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Mental and Neurological Disorders in Ghana. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8590381. [PMID: 30671131 PMCID: PMC6317105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8590381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance Mental and neurological disorders are a serious public health challenge globally, particularly in developing countries where cultural factors and limited access to standard healthcare have led to a reliance on traditional medicines. However, ethnopharmacological characterization of traditional medicines used to treat these diseases is lacking. In this study, an ethnobotanical description of plant species used in treating mental and neurological disorders in Ghana and an update of their experimentally validated pharmacological relevance are provided. Materials and Methods Two hundred herbalists agreed to participate but sixty-six specialized in treating mental and neurological disorders were interviewed on their traditional medical practice. Literature review was conducted to verify the experimentally validated pharmacological importance of the reported plants. Results Thirty-two plant species belonging to twenty-eight families were identified. Most plant species had either analgesic (50%), anxiolytic (18.8%), or anticonvulsant (15.6%) properties. Others had reported sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, motor coordination, antipsychotic, antidepressant, cognitive enhancement, and neuroprotective properties. While Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) and Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) were the most commonly mentioned species with analgesic properties, Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) was the most-reported anxiolytic product, with Cymbopogon citratus DC. (Gramineae), Mangifera indica L., Tetrapleura tetraptera Schum Taub. (Fabaceae), and Persea Americana Mill (Lauraceae) being the most studied anticonvulsants. Conclusions This study provides the first report specifically on medicinal plants used in treating mental and neurological disorders in Ghana. Most of the identified plants have been scientifically confirmed to possess neuro- and psychopharmacological properties and may serve as templates for drug development.
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Adeniyi A, Asase A, Ekpe PK, Asitoakor BK, Adu-Gyamfi A, Avekor PY. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants from Ghana; confirmation of ethnobotanical uses, and review of biological and toxicological studies on medicinal plants used in Apra Hills Sacred Grove. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Simithy J, Fuanta NR, Alturki M, Hobrath JV, Wahba AE, Pina I, Rath J, Hamann MT, DeRuiter J, Goodwin DC, Calderón AI. Slow-Binding Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shikimate Kinase by Manzamine Alkaloids. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4923-4933. [PMID: 30063132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis represents a significant public health crisis. There is an urgent need for novel molecular scaffolds against this pathogen. We screened a small library of marine-derived compounds against shikimate kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MtSK), a promising target for antitubercular drug development. Six manzamines previously shown to be active against M. tuberculosis were characterized as MtSK inhibitors: manzamine A (1), 8-hydroxymanzamine A (2), manzamine E (3), manzamine F (4), 6-deoxymanzamine X (5), and 6-cyclohexamidomanzamine A (6). All six showed mixed noncompetitive inhibition of MtSK. The lowest KI values were obtained for 6 across all MtSK-substrate complexes. Time-dependent analyses revealed two-step, slow-binding inhibition. The behavior of 1 was typical; initial formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex (EI) obeyed an apparent KI of ∼30 μM with forward ( k5) and reverse ( k6) rate constants for isomerization to an EI* complex of 0.18 and 0.08 min-1, respectively. In contrast, 6 showed a lower KI for the initial encounter complex (∼1.5 μM), substantially faster isomerization to EI* ( k5 = 0.91 min-1), and slower back conversion of EI* to EI ( k6 = 0.04 min-1). Thus, the overall inhibition constants, KI*, for 1 and 6 were 10 and 0.06 μM, respectively. These findings were consistent with docking predictions of a favorable binding mode and a second, less tightly bound pose for 6 at MtSK. Our results suggest that manzamines, in particular 6, constitute a new scaffold from which drug candidates with novel mechanisms of action could be designed for the treatment of tuberculosis by targeting MtSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johayra Simithy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University , 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Ngolui Rene Fuanta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , 179 Chemistry Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Mansour Alturki
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University , 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Judith V Hobrath
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama 35294 , United States
| | - Amir E Wahba
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Damietta University , Damietta , Egypt
| | - Ivett Pina
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine , The Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President Street, MSP 139 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Jnanendra Rath
- Department of Botany , Visva-Bharati University , Santiniketan , West Bengal 731235 , India
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine , The Medical University of South Carolina , 70 President Street, MSP 139 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Jack DeRuiter
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University , 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Douglas C Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Auburn University , 179 Chemistry Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Angela I Calderón
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy , Auburn University , 4306 Walker Building , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
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Antimycobacterial Activity and Safety Profile Assessment of Alpinia galanga and Tinospora cordifolia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2934583. [PMID: 30069222 PMCID: PMC6057328 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2934583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a common deadly infectious disease and worldwide a major health problem. The current study was therefore designed to investigate the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of different extracts of Alpinia galanga and Tinospora cordifolia. Moreover, a safety assessment for both plants was carried out. Dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts of each plant were examined against H37Rv INH-sensitive and resistant INH strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The safety assessment of both plants has been performed through in vivo acute and chronic toxicity studies in animal model. Body weight, food consumption, water intake, organ's weight, and haematological and biochemical parameters of blood and serum were evaluated. The extracts of A. galanga and T. cordifolia produced significant and dose-dependent inhibitory activity with maximum effect of 18-32% at 50 μg/ml against both strains of M. tuberculosis. No effect on the body weight or food and water consumption was observed but A. galanga caused significantly an increase in the relative weight of the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney. Haematological studies of both plants revealed a slight but significant fall in the RBC and WBC level as well as haemoglobin and platelets. In addition, A. galanga extracts increased significantly liver enzymes and bilirubin and glucose.
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Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Hiene: an overview. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:299-311. [PMID: 30007830 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the most recent evidence-based information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological understanding of Hygrophila auriculata for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions. Various ethnomedicinal writings suggest the use of the plant or its parts for the treatment of jaundice, oedema, gastrointestinal ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, urinogenital disorder, gall stones, urinary calculi, kidney stone, leucorrhoea, rheumatism, tuberculosis, anaemia, body pain, constipation, skin disease, and as an aphrodisiac. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and quercetin), alkaloids (asteracanthine and asteracanthicine), triterpenes (lupeol, lupenone, hentricontane and betulin), sterols (stigmasterol and asterol), minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, aliphatic esters and essential oils. Extracts and bioactive compounds from the plant have been found to possess antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antitermite, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, central nervous system protective, antitumour, antidiabetic, anticataract, antioxidant, haematopoietic, diuretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimotility, aphrodisiac, neuroprotection, anti-endotoxin and anti-urolithiatic activities. For this paper, we reviewed patents, clinical studies, analytical studies and marketed formulations from the earliest found examples from 1887 to the end of 2017.
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Mais E, Alolga RN, Wang SL, Linus LO, Yin X, Qi LW. A comparative UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach for distinguishing Zingiber officinale Roscoe of two geographical origins. Food Chem 2018; 240:239-244. [PMID: 28946267 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, is a popular spice used in the food, beverage and confectionary industries. In this study, we report an untargeted UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based metabolomics approach for comprehensively discriminating between ginger from two geographical locations, Ghana in West Africa and China. Forty batches of fresh ginger from both countries were discriminated using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis. Sixteen differential metabolites were identified between the gingers from the two geographical locations, six of which were identified as the marker compounds responsible for the discrimination. Our study highlights the essence and predictive power of metabolomics in detecting minute differences in same varieties of plants/plant samples based on the levels and composition of their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enos Mais
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shi-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Loveth O Linus
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaojin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Famewo EB, Clarke AM, Afolayan AJ. Ethno-medicinal documentation of polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Amathole District Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:696-700. [PMID: 28140734 PMCID: PMC6130537 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1266670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tuberculosis (TB) has remained a devastating global public health problem. In the continuing search for effective treatment, polyherbal remedies used as alternative medicines in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were surveyed. OBJECTIVE The survey collected information and documents the list of ingredients such as the name of the plants used including the non-herbal inclusions, type and dosage of polyherbal formulations used for the treatment of TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey was conducted over a period of 6 months using semi-structured questionnaires amidst informal conversations with the traditional healers in five communities in the study area. The chosen study area is the third infected Province with TB in South Africa. RESULTS A total of nine polyherbal preparations were collected. Information on the parts of the plant used, mode of preparation and the dosage used were documented. In total, the herbs belong to 20 families of which Apiaceae, Liliaceae, Strychnaceae, Rutaceae and Hypoxidaceae are the most prominent. However, members of Apiaceae were commonly mentioned for the preparation of the remedies. The two most frequently used plants were Allium sativum L. (Liliaceae) and Strychnos decussata (Pappe) Gilg. (Strychnaceae). Rhizome was the commonest parts used, followed by the roots and barks. CONCLUSIONS This paper provides significant ethno-medicinal information on polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of TB in the study area. The therapeutic claims made on medicinal plants used for the preparations are well supported by the literature, with many of the species having antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Maria Clarke
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Mishra SK, Tripathi G, Kishore N, Singh RK, Singh A, Tiwari VK. Drug development against tuberculosis: Impact of alkaloids. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sharifi-Rad J, Salehi B, Stojanović-Radić ZZ, Fokou PVT, Sharifi-Rad M, Mahady GB, Sharifi-Rad M, Masjedi MR, Lawal TO, Ayatollahi SA, Masjedi J, Sharifi-Rad R, Setzer WN, Sharifi-Rad M, Kobarfard F, Rahman AU, Choudhary MI, Ata A, Iriti M. RETRACTED: Medicinal plants used in the treatment of tuberculosis - Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2017:S0734-9750(17)30077-0. [PMID: 28694178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization, with approximately one third of the world's population being latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis treatment consists in an intensive phase and a continuation phase. Unfortunately, the appearance of multi drug-resistant tuberculosis, mainly due to low adherence to prescribed therapies or inefficient healthcare structures, requires at least 20months of treatment with second-line, more toxic and less efficient drugs, i.e., capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin and fluoroquinolones. Therefore, there exists an urgent need for discovery and development of new drugs to reduce the global burden of this disease, including the multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis. To this end, many plant species, as well as marine organisms and fungi have been and continue to be used in various traditional healing systems around the world to treat tuberculosis, thus representing a nearly unlimited source of active ingredients. Besides their antimycobacterial activity, natural products can be useful in adjuvant therapy to improve the efficacy of conventional antimycobacterial therapies, to decrease their adverse effects and to reverse mycobacterial multi-drug resistance due to the genetic plasticity and environmental adaptability of Mycobacterium. However, even if some natural products have still been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies, the validation of their efficacy and safety as antituberculosis agents is far from being reached, and, therefore, according to an evidence-based approach, more high-level randomized clinical trials are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zorica Z Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, Serbia
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 581, Ghana; Antimicrobial Agents Unit, LPMPS, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé 812, Cameroon
| | - Marzieh Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Gail B Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratories, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
| | - Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Masjedi
- Tobacco Control Strategic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Temitope O Lawal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Clinical Pharmacognosy Laboratories, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Masjedi
- Tobacco Control Strategic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 61663335 Zabol, Iran.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Atta-Ur Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy.
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In vitro antimycobacterial activity and toxicity of eight medicinal plants against pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacterial strains. Int J Mycobacteriol 2017; 5 Suppl 1:S106-S107. [PMID: 28043491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a serious public health challenge towards which new hits are urgently needed. Medicinal plants remains a major source of new ligands against global infectious illnesses. In our laboratories, we are currently investigating locally used ethnobotanicals for novel compounds against zoonotic tuberculosis. The microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) was used to study the anti-TB activity while the CellTiter 96® AQueous Assay, which is composed of solutions of a novel tetrazolium compound [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt; MTS] and an electron coupling reagent (phenazine methosulfate) PMS, was used for cytotoxic studies. Correlation coefficients (R2) were used to compare the relationship between antimycobacterial activity of the eight crude extracts against nonpathogenic strains and the pathogenic Mycobacterium bovis. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) values indicated that all the eight tested medicinal plant species had activity against all the three tested mycobacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration value as low as 19.5µg/mL was observed against non-pathogenic strains M. bovis. Activity of the crude extracts against M. aurum was the best predictor of natural product activity against the pathogenic Mycobacterium bovis strain, with a correlation coefficient value (R2) of 0.1371. Results obtained from the current study validate, in part, the traditional utilization of the tested medicinal plants against tuberculosis. The unripe fruits from Solanum torvum are a potential source of safe and efficacious anti-TB crude drugs as well as a source for natural compounds that act as new anti-infection agents, and thus deserve further investigation towards development of a new class of molecules with activity against sensitive and drug resistant strains of M. bovis.
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Barua AG, Raj H, Konch P, Hussain P, Barua CC. Evaluation of in vivo antimycobacterial activity of some folklore medicinal plants and enumeration of colony forming unit in murine model. Indian J Pharmacol 2016; 48:526-530. [PMID: 27721538 PMCID: PMC5051246 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.190737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate the in vivo antimycobacterial activity of methanol extract of Alstonia scholaris and Mucuna imbricata in murine model. Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c mice were infected with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv suspension. Extracts were administered orally for 2 weeks from 7th day postinfection at a dose of 200 mg/kg and rifampicin at 20 mg/kg as standard. The synergistic groups were 10 and 100 mg/kg for rifampicin and extract, respectively. Results: The final body weight of mycobacteria-infected group was significantly reduced (15.41 ± 0.42, P < 0.01), but following treatment with the plant extract plus rifampicin could elevate the body weight. Colony forming unit (CFU) count of lung (8.71 ± 0.01) and spleen (8.59 ± 0.01) was significantly higher in infected and untreated group (P < 0.01). It was observed that activity of the synergistic group displayed powerful and maximum response against tuberculosis (TB) infection with lower CFU counts. Histopathology study showed cells such as lymphocytes, epithelioid, Langhans giant cell, and fibrous tissue proliferation in lungs; depletion of lymphocytes in the spleen. Conclusions: The data indicate that methanol extract of A. scholaris has potential antimycobacterial activity, and the synergistic group consisting of rifampicin and A. scholaris could be a rational choice for the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acheenta Gohain Barua
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Himangshu Raj
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Konch
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Hussain
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chandana C Barua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Boddawar GD, Dhawale SC, Shaikh SS. Assessment of anti-inflammatory potential of Sesbania bispinosa Linn. leaf extracts and fractions by acute and chronic models. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shafik S. Shaikh
- School of Physical Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded 431606, MS, India
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Nguta JM, Appiah-Opong R, Nyarko AK, Yeboah-Manu D, Addo PGA, Otchere I, Kissi-Twum A. Antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:10-5. [PMID: 26875647 PMCID: PMC4801013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains an ongoing threat to human health. Several medicinal plants are used traditionally to treat tuberculosis in Ghana. The current study was designed to investigate the antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of crude extracts from five selected medicinal plants. MATERIAL AND METHODS The microplate alamar blue assay (MABA) was used for antimycobacterial studies while the CellTiter 96® AQueous Assay, which is composed of solutions of a novel tetrazolium compound [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt; MTS] and an electron coupling reagent (phenazine methosulfate) PMS, was used for cytotoxic studies. Correlation coefficients were used to compare the activity of crude extracts against nonpathogenic strains and the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp.tuberculosis. RESULTS Results of the MIC determinations indicated that all the crude extracts were active on all the three tested mycobacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration values as low as 156.3µg/mL against M. tuberculosis; Strain H37Ra (ATCC® 25,177™) were recorded from the leaves of Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae). Cytotoxicity of the extracts varied, and the leaves from S. torvum had the most promising selectivity index. Activity against M. tuberculosis; Strain H37Ra was the best predictor of activity against pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp.tuberculosis (correlation coefficient=0.8). CONCLUSION The overall results of the present study provide supportive data on the use of some medicinal plants for tuberculosis treatment. The leaves of Solanum torvum are a potential source of anti-TB natural products and deserve further investigations to develop novel anti-TB agents against sensitive and drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Nguta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana; Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Alexander K Nyarko
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Phyllis G A Addo
- Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Isaac Otchere
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Abena Kissi-Twum
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
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Nguta JM, Appiah-Opong R, Nyarko AK, Yeboah-Manu D, Addo PG, Otchere ID, Kissi-Twum A. In vitro antimycobacterial and cytotoxic data on medicinal plants used to treat tuberculosis. Data Brief 2016; 7:1124-30. [PMID: 27115026 PMCID: PMC4833128 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article contains data on in vitro antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of hydroethanolic crude extracts from five selected medicinal plant species traditionally used to treat tuberculosis in Ghanaian ethnomedicine, see “Medicinal plants used to treat TB in Ghana” [1]. The interpretation and discussion of these data and further extensive insights into drug discovery against tuberculosis from natural products of plant biodiversity can be found in “Antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activity of selected medicinal plant extracts” [2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Nguta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya
- Corresponding author.
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Alexander K. Nyarko
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Phyllis G.A. Addo
- Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Isaac D. Otchere
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Abena Kissi-Twum
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
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Quansah E, Karikari TK. Neuroscience-related research in Ghana: a systematic evaluation of direction and capacity. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:11-24. [PMID: 26344503 PMCID: PMC4718959 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases account for considerable healthcare, economic and social burdens in Ghana. In order to effectively address these burdens, appropriately-trained scientists who conduct high-impact neuroscience research will be needed. Additionally, research directions should be aligned with national research priorities. However, to provide information about current neuroscience research productivity and direction, the existing capacity and focus need to be identified. This would allow opportunities for collaborative research and training to be properly explored and developmental interventions to be better targeted. In this study, we sought to evaluate the existing capacity and direction of neuroscience-related research in Ghana. To do this, we examined publications reporting research investigations authored by scientists affiliated with Ghanaian institutions in specific areas of neuroscience over the last two decades (1995-2015). 127 articles that met our inclusion criteria were systematically evaluated in terms of research foci, annual publication trends and author affiliations. The most actively-researched areas identified include neurocognitive impairments in non-nervous system disorders, depression and suicide, epilepsy and seizures, neurological impact of substance misuse, and neurological disorders. These studies were mostly hospital and community-based surveys. About 60% of these articles were published in the last seven years, suggesting a recent increase in research productivity. However, data on experimental and clinical research outcomes were particularly lacking. We suggest that future investigations should focus on the following specific areas where information was lacking: large-scale disease epidemiology, effectiveness of diagnostic platforms and therapeutic treatments, and the genetic, genomic and molecular bases of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Quansah
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Thomas K Karikari
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Midlands Integrative Biosciences Training Partnership, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Suroowan S, Mahomoodally MF. A comparative ethnopharmacological analysis of traditional medicine used against respiratory tract diseases in Mauritius. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 177:61-80. [PMID: 26593215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Despite laudable advances in conventional medicine, respiratory tract diseases (RTD) induced morbidity and mortality continue to inflict a substantial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Similarly, in the tropical island of Mauritius, 13,320 hospital admissions and 8.2% mortality rates were attributed to RTD solely in the year 2013. Consequently, the therapeutic benefits and relief experienced with traditional medicine (TM) against RTD by the local inhabitants cannot be underestimated. The present study aims to report and quantitatively determine the extent of utilization of plant based therapies and other miscellaneous TM preparations concocted against RTD over the island. Additionally, a similarity index was generated which is indicative of the extent of harmonisation of individual plant species against RTD when the uses mentioned in the study are compared to previous ethnobotanical studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was compiled using a semi-structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews with TM users and practitioners (n=384). Three quantitative ethnopharmacological indices (the use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), and ethnobotanicity index (EI)) were calculated. We also calculated the similarity ratio, similarity percentage, new uses for each plant species and percentage of new use against RTD to compare primary data collected in the present study. RESULTS Fifty five plants were documented to be in use against 18 RTD. The most used plant species belonged to the following taxa; Lamiaceae (9%), Fabaceae (7%) and Rutaceae (7%). Thirty two plants recorded in this study have been reported to be used against RTD in previous ethnobotanical studies, of which 22 of these plants have been attributed new uses against RTD based on the results of the present study. The remaining 23 plants species have been recorded for the first time to be used traditionally against RTD. Altogether, 81 different recipes were concocted from the medicinal plants and the most common route of administration was oral intake. Common methods of obtaining medicinal plants were from the wild, cultivation and as imported herbal products. Cough was the most common RTD managed by plant species. The largest proportion of plants were employed against cold. The preference ranking both for UV placed Curcuma longa L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Citrus×limonia Osbeck and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf as the most useful plant species. Only a small proportion of the indigenous plants (7.73%) proved to be useful in TM. CONCLUSION This study provides empirical primary ethnopharmacological data on the use of TM to manage and/or treat RTD and can contribute in preserving indigenous knowledge in Mauritius. It is anticipated that these primary data will open new avenues to identify novel drugs that can help to alleviate sufferings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanoo Suroowan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - M Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius.
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Pharmacogenomics Implications of Using Herbal Medicinal Plants on African Populations in Health Transition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:637-63. [PMID: 26402689 PMCID: PMC4588186 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The most accessible points of call for most African populations with respect to primary health care are traditional health systems that include spiritual, religious, and herbal medicine. This review focusses only on the use of herbal medicines. Most African people accept herbal medicines as generally safe with no serious adverse effects. However, the overlap between conventional medicine and herbal medicine is a reality among countries in health systems transition. Patients often simultaneously seek treatment from both conventional and traditional health systems for the same condition. Commonly encountered conditions/diseases include malaria, HIV/AIDS, hypertension, tuberculosis, and bleeding disorders. It is therefore imperative to understand the modes of interaction between different drugs from conventional and traditional health care systems when used in treatment combinations. Both conventional and traditional drug entities are metabolized by the same enzyme systems in the human body, resulting in both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics interactions, whose properties remain unknown/unquantified. Thus, it is important that profiles of interaction between different herbal and conventional medicines be evaluated. This review evaluates herbal and conventional drugs in a few African countries and their potential interaction at the pharmacogenomics level.
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Nguta JM, Appiah-Opong R, Nyarko AK, Yeboah-Manu D, Addo PGA. Current perspectives in drug discovery against tuberculosis from natural products. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 4:165-83. [PMID: 27649863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, one third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), while 8.9-9.9 million new and relapse cases of tuberculosis (TB) are reported yearly. The renewed research interests in natural products in the hope of discovering new and novel antitubercular leads have been driven partly by the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of MTB and the adverse effects associated with the first- and second-line antitubercular drugs. Natural products have been, and will continue to be a rich source of new drugs against many diseases. The depth and breadth of therapeutic agents that have their origins in the secondary metabolites produced by living organisms cannot be compared with any other source of therapeutic agents. Discovery of new chemical molecules against active and latent TB from natural products requires an interdisciplinary approach, which is a major challenge facing scientists in this field. In order to overcome this challenge, cutting edge techniques in mycobacteriology and innovative natural product chemistry tools need to be developed and used in tandem. The present review provides a cross-linkage to the most recent literature in both fields and their potential to impact the early phase of drug discovery against TB if seamlessly combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mwanzia Nguta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana; Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Alexander K Nyarko
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Phyllis G A Addo
- Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Ghana
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