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Khalilollah S, Kalantari Soltanieh S, Obaid Saleh R, Ali Alzahrani A, Ghaleb Maabreh H, Mazin Al-Hamdani M, Dehghani-Ghorbi M, Shafiei Khonachaei M, Akhavan-Sigari R. LncRNAs involvement in pathogenesis of immune-related disease via regulation of T regulatory cells, an updated review. Cytokine 2024; 179:156585. [PMID: 38579428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of several illnesses, including cancer and autoimmune diseasesdepends on human regulatory T cells (Tregs), and abnormalities in these cells may function as triggers for these conditions. Cancer and autoimmune, and gynecological diseases are associated with the differentiation of the proinflammatory T cell subset TH17 and its balance with the production of Treg. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become important regulatory molecules in a wide range of illnesses. During epigenetic regulation, they can control the expression of important genes at several levels by affecting transcription, post-transcriptional actions, translation, and protein modification. They might connect with different molecules, such as proteins, DNA and RNA, and their structural composition is intricate. Because lncRNAs regulatebiological processes, including cell division, death, and growth, they are linked to severaldiseases. A notable instance of this is the lncRNA NEAT1, which has been the subject of several investigations to ascertain its function in immune cell development. In the context of immune cell development, several additional lncRNAs have been connected to Treg cell differentiation. In this work, we summarize current findings about the diverse functions of lncRNAs in Treg cell differentiation and control of the Th17/Treg homeostasis in autoimmune disorders, cancers, as well as several gynecological diseases where Tregs are key players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khalilollah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
| | | | - Hatem Ghaleb Maabreh
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Foreign Languages, RUDN University (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba), Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Mahmoud Dehghani-Ghorbi
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland.
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Yang Y, Zhang H, Xiao X, Guo M. Identification of EPSTI1 as a new potential biomarker for SLE based on GEO database. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1531-1540. [PMID: 38507132 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with highly heterogeneous. The aim of this study is to find the key genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients and to provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of lupus. METHODS GSE121239, GSE50772, GSE81622, and GSE144390 mRNA expression profiles were obtained from the website of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differential expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was performed by R. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to elucidate signaling pathways for the DEGs. Real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) was used to verify the key gene EPSTI1 in PBMCs of SLE patients. Finally, the correlation analysis and ROC curve analysis of EPSTI1 for SLE were performed. RESULTS A total of 12 upregulated DEGs were identified, including MMP8, MX1, IFI44, EPSTI1, OAS1, OAS3, HERC5, IFIT1, RSAD2, USP18, IFI44L, and IFI27. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that those DEGs were mainly concentrated in the response to virus and IFN signaling pathways. Real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that EPSTI1 was increased in PBMCs of SLE. EPSTI1 was positively correlated with SLEDAI score in SLE patients. Besides, EPSTI1 was positively correlated with T cell activation- or differentiation-associated genes (BCL6 and RORC). Furthermore, ROC analyses proved EPSTI1 may have diagnostic value for SLE. CONCLUSION Together, EPSTI1 was found to be a potential biomarker for SLE, closely related to T cell immune imbalance. Key Points • EPSTI1 expression was significantly increased in PBMCs of SLE patients. • EPSTI1 was positively correlated with disease activity and T cell activation- or differentiation-associated genes in SLE patients. • EPSTI1 might have a good diagnostic value for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiao
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Muyao Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Kim JY, Rosenberger MG, Rutledge NS, Esser-Kahn AP. Next-Generation Adjuvants: Applying Engineering Methods to Create and Evaluate Novel Immunological Responses. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1687. [PMID: 37376133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are a critical component of vaccines. Adjuvants typically target receptors that activate innate immune signaling pathways. Historically, adjuvant development has been laborious and slow, but has begun to accelerate over the past decade. Current adjuvant development consists of screening for an activating molecule, formulating lead molecules with an antigen, and testing this combination in an animal model. There are very few adjuvants approved for use in vaccines, however, as new candidates often fail due to poor clinical efficacy, intolerable side effects, or formulation limitations. Here, we consider new approaches using tools from engineering to improve next-generation adjuvant discovery and development. These approaches will create new immunological outcomes that will be evaluated with novel diagnostic tools. Potential improved immunological outcomes include reduced vaccine reactogenicity, tunable adaptive responses, and enhanced adjuvant delivery. Evaluations of these outcomes can leverage computational approaches to interpret "big data" obtained from experimentation. Applying engineering concepts and solutions will provide alternative perspectives, further accelerating the field of adjuvant discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Y Kim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew G Rosenberger
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nakisha S Rutledge
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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4
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Mulhearn B, Marshall L, Sutcliffe M, Hannes SK, Fonseka C, Hussell T, Raychaudhuri S, Barton A, Viatte S. Automated clustering reveals CD4 + T cell subset imbalances in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094872. [PMID: 37215131 PMCID: PMC10196473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the report of an imbalance between CD4+ T helper (Th) cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), patient stratification for precision medicine has been hindered by the discovery of ever more Th cell subsets, as well as contradictory association results. Objectives To capture previously reported Th imbalance in RA with deep immunophenotyping techniques; to compare hypothesis-free unsupervised automated clustering with hypothesis-driven conventional biaxial gating and explore if Th cell heterogeneity accounts for conflicting association results. Methods Unstimulated and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients with RA and 10 controls were immunophenotyped with a 37-marker panel by mass cytometry (chemokine receptors, intra-cellular cytokines, intra-nuclear transcription factors). First, conventional biaxial gating and standard definitions of Th cell subsets were applied to compare subset frequencies between cases and controls. Second, unsupervised clustering was performed with FlowSOM and analysed using mixed-effects modelling of Associations of Single Cells (MASC). Results Conventional analytical techniques fail to identify classical Th subset imbalance, while unsupervised automated clustering, by allowing for unusual marker combinations, identified an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory subsets. For example, a pro-inflammatory Th1-like (IL-2+ T-bet+) subset and an unconventional but pro-inflammatory IL-17+ T-bet+ subset were significantly enriched in RA (odds ratio=5.7, p=2.2 x 10-3; odds ratio=9.7, p=1.5x10-3, respectively). In contrast, a FoxP3+ IL-2+ HLA-DR+ Treg-like subset was reduced in RA (odds ratio=0.1, p=7.7x10-7). Conclusion Taking an unbiased approach to large dataset analysis using automated clustering algorithms captures non-canonical CD4+ T cell subset imbalances in RA blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Mulhearn
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lysette Marshall
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Sutcliffe
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan K. Hannes
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chamith Fonseka
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Research, eGenesis, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne Barton
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Viatte
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Friedman MJ, Lee H, Lee JY, Oh S. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Context-Dependent Plasticity in T-Helper Lineages. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e5. [PMID: 36911799 PMCID: PMC9995996 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Th cell lineage determination and functional specialization are tightly linked to the activation of lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs) that bind cis-regulatory elements. These lineage-determining TFs act in concert with multiple layers of transcriptional regulators to alter the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation, histone modification and three-dimensional chromosome architecture, in order to facilitate the specific Th gene expression programs that allow for phenotypic diversification. Accumulating evidence indicates that Th cell differentiation is not as rigid as classically held; rather, extensive phenotypic plasticity is an inherent feature of T cell lineages. Recent studies have begun to uncover the epigenetic programs that mechanistically govern T cell subset specification and immunological memory. Advances in next generation sequencing technologies have allowed global transcriptomic and epigenomic interrogation of CD4+ Th cells that extends previous findings focusing on individual loci. In this review, we provide an overview of recent genome-wide insights into the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of CD4+ T cell-mediated adaptive immunity and discuss the implications for disease as well as immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyer J. Friedman
- Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haram Lee
- College of Pharmacy Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - June-Yong Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Soohwan Oh
- College of Pharmacy Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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Hertweck A, Vila de Mucha M, Barber PR, Dagil R, Porter H, Ramos A, Lord GM, Jenner RG. The TH1 cell lineage-determining transcription factor T-bet suppresses TH2 gene expression by redistributing GATA3 away from TH2 genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:4557-4573. [PMID: 35438764 PMCID: PMC9071441 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage-determining transcription factors (LD-TFs) drive the differentiation of progenitor cells into a specific lineage. In CD4+ T cells, T-bet dictates differentiation of the TH1 lineage, whereas GATA3 drives differentiation of the alternative TH2 lineage. However, LD-TFs, including T-bet and GATA3, are frequently co-expressed but how this affects LD-TF function is not known. By expressing T-bet and GATA3 separately or together in mouse T cells, we show that T-bet sequesters GATA3 at its target sites, thereby removing GATA3 from TH2 genes. This redistribution of GATA3 is independent of GATA3 DNA binding activity and is instead mediated by the T-bet DNA binding domain, which interacts with the GATA3 DNA binding domain and changes GATA3's sequence binding preference. This mechanism allows T-bet to drive the TH1 gene expression program in the presence of GATA3. We propose that redistribution of one LD-TF by another may be a common mechanism that could explain how specific cell fate choices can be made even in the presence of other transcription factors driving alternative differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulf Hertweck
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria Vila de Mucha
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul R Barber
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Robert Dagil
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6XA, UK
| | - Hayley Porter
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andres Ramos
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6XA, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Richard G Jenner
- UCL Cancer Institute and Cancer Research UK UCL Centre, University College London (UCL), London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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7
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Tate AT, Van Cleve J. Bet-hedging in innate and adaptive immune systems. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:256-265. [PMID: 35712085 PMCID: PMC9195227 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system evolution is shaped by the fitness costs and trade-offs associated with mounting an immune response. Costs that arise mainly as a function of the magnitude of investment, including energetic and immunopathological costs, are well-represented in studies of immune system evolution. Less well considered, however, are the costs of immune cell plasticity and specialization. Hosts in nature encounter a large diversity of microbes and parasites that require different and sometimes conflicting immune mechanisms for defense, but it takes precious time to recognize and correctly integrate signals for an effective polarized response. In this perspective, we propose that bet-hedging can be a viable alternative to plasticity in immune cell effector function, discuss conditions under which bet-hedging is likely to be an advantageous strategy for different arms of the immune system, and present cases from both innate and adaptive immune systems that suggest bet-hedging at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T Tate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University , 465 21st Ave S. , Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation , Nashville, TN, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy Van Cleve
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky , 101 T.H. Morgan Building , Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Romao-Veiga M, Ribeiro VR, Matias ML, Nunes PR, Romagnoli GG, Peracoli JC, Peracoli MTS. DAMPs are able to skew CD4 + T cell subsets and increase the inflammatory profile in pregnant women with preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103470. [PMID: 34972043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by abnormal activation of the immune system. The intense systemic inflammatory reaction, could be related to the presence of molecules released after cell stress or death, that are capable of inducing inflammation and are known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). This study evaluated the profile of T cells through the analysis of transcription factors and the cytokines produced after culture with or without DAMPs: heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), hyaluronan (HA) and monosodium urate (MSU). Twenty pregnant women with PE, 20 normotensive (NT) pregnant women and 20 non-pregnant (NP) women were studied. The results showed polarization toward Th1/Th17 and a decrease in Th2/Treg profiles in preeclamptic women associated with elevated levels of TNF, IFN-γ, and IL-17A and diminished levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 when compared to the normotensive group. In addition, preeclamptic women had a higher percentage of cells co-expressing T-bet/GATA-3 and T-bet/RORγt and fewer T-bet/FoxP3 cells when compared to normotensive group. MSU induced an increase in IFN-γ and IL-22 in all studied groups. MSU, HA, and Hsp70 induced significant higher production of TNF in the PE and NP groups. The PE group showed elevated levels of TGF-β1 after incubation with MSU, HA, and Hsp70, whereas HA and Hsp70 decreased TGF-β1 production in NT group. The results suggest that these alarmins may play a role in the activation of innate and adaptive immune systems by skewing CD4 + T cells and increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of this important syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Romao-Veiga
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Rocha Ribeiro
- Department de Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Leticia Matias
- Department de Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rezeck Nunes
- Department de Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Carlos Peracoli
- Department de Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Serrao Peracoli
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Shao Y, Yang WY, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Sun Y, Xu K, Lu Y, Shan H, Shevach EM, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. IL-35 promotes CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and inhibits atherosclerosis via maintaining CCR5-amplified Treg-suppressive mechanisms. JCI Insight 2021; 6:152511. [PMID: 34622804 PMCID: PMC8525592 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs play vital roles in suppressing atherogenesis. Pathological conditions reshape Tregs and increase Treg-weakening plasticity. It remains unclear how Tregs preserve their function and how Tregs switch into alternative phenotypes in the environment of atherosclerosis. In this study, we observed a great induction of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen and aorta of ApoE–/– mice, accompanied by a significant increase of plasma IL-35 levels. To determine if IL-35 devotes its role in the rise of Tregs, we generated IL-35 subunit P35–deficient (IL-35P35–deficient) mice on an ApoE–/– background and found Treg reduction in the spleen and aorta compared with ApoE–/– controls. In addition, our RNA sequencing data show the elevation of a set of chemokine receptor transcripts in the ApoE–/– Tregs, and we have validated higher CCR5 expression in ApoE–/– Tregs in the presence of IL-35 than in the absence of IL-35. Furthermore, we observed that CCR5+ Tregs in ApoE–/– have lower Treg-weakening AKT-mTOR signaling, higher expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors TIGIT and PD-1, and higher expression of IL-10 compared with WT CCR5+ Tregs. In conclusion, IL-35 counteracts hyperlipidemia in maintaining Treg-suppressive function by increasing 3 CCR5-amplified mechanisms, including Treg migration, inhibition of Treg weakening AKT-mTOR signaling, and promotion of TIGIT and PD-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Huimin Shan
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Huang N, Dong H, Luo Y, Shao B. Th17 Cells in Periodontitis and Its Regulation by A20. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742925. [PMID: 34557201 PMCID: PMC8453085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic disease that results in loss of periodontal ligament and bone resorption. Triggered by pathogens and prolonged inflammation, periodontitis is modulated by the immune system, especially pro-inflammatory cells, such as T helper (Th) 17 cells. Originated from CD4+ Th cells, Th17 cells play a central role for they drive and regulate periodontal inflammation. Cytokines secreted by Th17 cells are also major players in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Given the importance of Th17 cells, modulators of Th17 cells are of great clinical potential and worth of discussion. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the effect of Th17 cells on periodontitis, as well as a brief discussion of current and potential therapies targeting Th17 cells. Lastly, we highlight this article by summarizing the causal relationship between A20 (encoded by TNFAIP3), an anti-inflammatory molecule, and Th17 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Shevyrev D, Tereshchenko V, Kozlov V. Immune Equilibrium Depends on the Interaction Between Recognition and Presentation Landscapes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706136. [PMID: 34394106 PMCID: PMC8362327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we described the structure and organization of antigen-recognizing repertoires of B and T cells from the standpoint of modern immunology. We summarized the latest advances in bioinformatics analysis of sequencing data from T and B cell repertoires and also presented contemporary ideas about the mechanisms of clonal diversity formation at different stages of organism development. At the same time, we focused on the importance of the allelic variants of the HLA genes and spectra of presented antigens for the formation of T-cell receptors (TCR) landscapes. The main idea of this review is that immune equilibrium and proper functioning of immunity are highly dependent on the interaction between the recognition and the presentation landscapes of antigens. Certain changes in these landscapes can occur during life, which can affect the protective function of adaptive immunity. We described some mechanisms associated with these changes, for example, the conversion of effector cells into regulatory cells and vice versa due to the trans-differentiation or bystander effect, changes in the clonal organization of the general TCR repertoire due to homeostatic proliferation or aging, and the background for the altered presentation of some antigens due to SNP mutations of MHC, or the alteration of the presenting antigens due to post-translational modifications. The authors suggest that such alterations can lead to an increase in the risk of the development of oncological and autoimmune diseases and influence the sensitivity of the organism to different infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Shevyrev
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology, Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valeriy Tereshchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kozlov
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunopathology, Research Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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12
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Ni D, Tang T, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Saredy J, Liu L, Drummer C, Sun Y, Hu W, Lopez-Pastrana J, Luo JJ, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Canonical Secretomes, Innate Immune Caspase-1-, 4/11-Gasdermin D Non-Canonical Secretomes and Exosomes May Contribute to Maintain Treg-Ness for Treg Immunosuppression, Tissue Repair and Modulate Anti-Tumor Immunity via ROS Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678201. [PMID: 34084175 PMCID: PMC8168470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a transcriptomic analyses using the strategies we pioneered and made the following findings: 1) Normal lymphoid Tregs, diseased kidney Tregs, splenic Tregs from mice with injured muscle have 3, 17 and 3 specific (S-) pathways, respectively; 2) Tumor splenic Tregs share 12 pathways with tumor Tregs; tumor splenic Tregs and tumor Tregs have 11 and 8 S-pathways, respectively; 3) Normal and non-tumor disease Tregs upregulate some of novel 2641 canonical secretomic genes (SGs) with 24 pathways, and tumor Tregs upregulate canonical secretomes with 17 pathways; 4) Normal and non-tumor disease tissue Tregs upregulate some of novel 6560 exosome SGs with 56 exosome SG pathways (ESP), tumor Treg ESP are more focused than other Tregs; 5) Normal, non-tumor diseased Treg and tumor Tregs upregulate some of novel 961 innate immune caspase-1 SGs and 1223 innate immune caspase-4 SGs to fulfill their tissue/SG-specific and shared functions; 6) Most tissue Treg transcriptomes are controlled by Foxp3; and Tumor Tregs had increased Foxp3 non-collaboration genes with ROS and 17 other pathways; 7) Immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 does, but CTLA-4 does not, play significant roles in promoting Treg upregulated genes in normal and non-tumor disease tissue Tregs; and tumor splenic and tumor Tregs have certain CTLA-4-, and PD-1-, non-collaboration transcriptomic changes with innate immune dominant pathways; 8) Tumor Tregs downregulate more immunometabolic and innate immune memory (trained immunity) genes than Tregs from other groups; and 11) ROS significantly regulate Treg transcriptomes; and ROS-suppressed genes are downregulated more in tumor Tregs than Tregs from other groups. Our results have provided novel insights on the roles of Tregs in normal, injuries, regeneration, tumor conditions and some of canonical and innate immune non-canonical secretomes via ROS-regulatory mechanisms and new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression, tissue repair, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ni
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - TingTing Tang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Department of Psychiatry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin J Luo
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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13
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Lee J, Lozano-Ruiz B, Yang FM, Fan DD, Shen L, González-Navajas JM. The Multifaceted Role of Th1, Th9, and Th17 Cells in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625667. [PMID: 33777008 PMCID: PMC7994325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has become a pillar of cancer therapy. Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 have been approved in several malignancies, with thousands of clinical trials currently underway. While the majority of cancer immunotherapies have traditionally focused on enhancing cytotoxic responses by CD8+ or NK cells, there are clear evidences that CD4+ T cell responses can modulate the immune response against tumors and influence the efficacy of ICI therapy. CD4+ T cells can differentiate into several subsets of helper T cells (Th) or regulatory T cells (Treg), with a wide range of effector and/or regulatory functions. Importantly, different Th subsets may have different and sometimes contrasting roles in the clinical response to ICI therapy, which in addition may vary depending on the organ and tumor niche. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that highlights how ICI therapy impacts Th1, Th9, and Th17 cells and vice versa. These data might be important designing better interventions that unleash the full potential of immune response against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongdae Lee
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beatriz Lozano-Ruiz
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fengyuan Mandy Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dengxia Denise Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liya Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jose M González-Navajas
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.,Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology in Elche (IDiBE), University Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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14
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Zhang R, Xu K, Shao Y, Sun Y, Saredy J, Cutler E, Yao T, Liu M, Liu L, Drummer Iv C, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Ni D, Wang J, Li Y, Li R, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Tissue Treg Secretomes and Transcription Factors Shared With Stem Cells Contribute to a Treg Niche to Maintain Treg-Ness With 80% Innate Immune Pathways, and Functions of Immunosuppression and Tissue Repair. Front Immunol 2021; 11:632239. [PMID: 33613572 PMCID: PMC7892453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.632239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used functional -omics angles and examined transcriptomic heterogeneity in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) from spleen (s-Treg), lymph nodes (LN-Treg), intestine (int-Treg), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT-Treg), and made significant findings: 1) Five new shared Treg genes including NIBAN, TNFRSF1b, DUSP4,VAV2, and KLRG1, and 68 new signatures are identified. Among 27 signaling pathways shared in four tissue Treg, 22 pathways are innate immune pathways (81.5%); 2) s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg have zero, 49, 45, and 116 upregulated pathways, respectively; 3) 12, 7, and 15 out of 373 CD markers are identified as specific for LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg, respectively, which may initiate innate immune signaling; 4) 7, 49, 44, and 79 increased cytokines out of 1176 cytokines are identified for four Treg, respectively, suggesting that Treg have much more secretory proteins/cytokines than IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35; 5) LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg have 13 additional secretory functions more than s-Treg, found by analyzing 1,706 secretomic genes; 6) 2, 20, 25, and 43 increased transcription factors (TFs) out of 1,496 TFs are identified four Treg, respectively; 7) LN-Treg and int-Treg have increased pyroptosis regulators but VAT-Treg have increased apoptosis regulators; 8) 1, 15, 19, and 31 increased kinases out of 661 kinome are identified for s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg, respectively; 9) comparing with that of s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg increase activated cluster (clusters 1–3) markers; and decrease resting cluster (clusters 4–6) markers; and 10) Treg promote tissue repair by sharing secretomes and TFs AHR, ETV5, EGR1, and KLF4 with stem cells, which partially promote upregulation of all the groups of Treg genes. These results suggest that stem cell-shared master genes make tissue Treg as the first T cell type using a Treg niche to maintain their Treg-ness with 80% innate immune pathways, and triple functions of immunosuppression, tissue repair, and homeostasis maintenance. Our results have provided novel insights on the roles of innate immune pathways on Treg heterogeneity and new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression, tissue repair, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Cutler
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Tian Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer Iv
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dong Ni
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jirong Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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15
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Fromentin R, Chomont N. HIV persistence in subsets of CD4+ T cells: 50 shades of reservoirs. Semin Immunol 2021; 51:101438. [PMID: 33272901 PMCID: PMC8164644 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy controls HIV replication but does not eliminate the virus from the infected host. The persistence of a small pool of cells harboring integrated and replication-competent HIV genomes impedes viral eradication efforts. The HIV reservoir was originally described as a relatively homogeneous pool of resting memory CD4+ T cells. Over the past 20 years, the identification of multiple cellular subsets of CD4+ T cells endowed with distinct biological properties shed new lights on the heterogeneity of HIV reservoirs. It is now clear that HIV persists in a large variety of CD4+ T cells, which contribute to HIV persistence through different mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent findings indicating that specific biological features of well-characterized subsets of CD4+ T cells individually contribute to the persistence of HIV. These include an increased sensitivity to HIV infection, specific tissue locations, enhanced survival and heightened capacity to proliferate. We also discuss the relative abilities of these cellular reservoirs to contribute to viral rebound upon ART interruption. Together, these findings reveal that the HIV reservoir is not homogeneous and should be viewed as a mosaic of multiple cell types that all contribute to HIV persistence through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Xu Y, Cai R, Zhao Z, Zhou L, Zhou Q, Hassan S, Huang S, Zhang M, Xu G, Zou X. Thiomyristoyl ameliorates colitis by blocking the differentiation of Th17 cells and inhibiting SIRT2-induced metabolic reprogramming. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107212. [PMID: 33310666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been fully elucidated. However, a strong correlation between IBD and high T helper 17 (Th17) levels has been found. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) has recently been found to play an important role in metabolic reprogramming, but its potential anti-inflammatory properties remain unclear. METHODS The expression levels of SIRT2 and glucose metabolism-related proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of IBD patients and healthy volunteers were detected. Human PBMCs were differentiated into Th17 cells in vitro and were treated with TM simultaneously. The ratio of Th17 cells and apoptotic cells and the production of Interleukin (IL)-17A and the expression levels of transcription factors of classical signaling pathway related to Th17 differentiation were determined. The acetylation of LDHA and glucose metabolism was assessed. Subsequently, C57BL/6J colitis mice induced by 2.5% dextran sulfatesodiumsalt (DSS) were treated with or without TM, Disease activity index, T cell subsets in the mice spleen, relevant inflammatory cytokines in serum, specific mRNA, and proteins in mice colon were evaluated respectively. RESULTS SIRT2 and glucose metabolism-related proteins in PBMCs of patients were overexpressed. Compared with the positive control group, human PBMCs treated with TM had lower levels of IL-17A, percentage of Th17 cells, levels of phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription (p-STAT) 3 and phospho-nuclear transcription factor-κB (p-NF-κB), but higher levels of acetylated LDHA. Compared with colitis mice, TM-treated colitis mice had longer colons, reduced weight-losses, and lower disease activity index and histopathologic scores. Interestingly, although the expression levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17A, and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR)-γt were inhibited in the colons of TM-treated colitis mice, the expression of forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) didn't change. Consistently, relative to the high percentage of splenic Th17 cells in colitis mice, the percentage of splenic Th17 cells in TM-treated colitis mice was as normal as PBS-treated mice, while the percentage of Treg cells was not affected. Additionally, the TM group had reduced levels of IL-23 and hypoxiainduciblefactor-1α (HIF-1α), and an increased level of IL-10 in the colon, compared with the colitis group. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that TM reduces UC progression by reducing metabolic reprogramming and T cell differentiation. Specifically, TM prevented Th17 differentiation by reducing the expression of related transcription factors and promoting acetylation of LDHA (weakening glycolysis). SIRT2 may be a potential target for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Lixing Zhou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shahzeb Hassan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago 60611, IL, United States
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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17
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Cai W, Zhou W, Han Z, Lei J, Zhuang J, Zhu P, Wu X, Yuan W. Master regulator genes and their impact on major diseases. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9952. [PMID: 33083114 PMCID: PMC7546222 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Master regulator genes (MRGs) have become a hot topic in recent decades. They not only affect the development of tissue and organ systems but also play a role in other signal pathways by regulating additional MRGs. Because a MRG can regulate the concurrent expression of several genes, its mutation often leads to major diseases. Moreover, the occurrence of many tumors and cardiovascular and nervous system diseases are closely related to MRG changes. With the development in omics technology, an increasing amount of investigations will be directed toward MRGs because their regulation involves all aspects of an organism’s development. This review focuses on the definition and classification of MRGs as well as their influence on disease regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Cai
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanbang Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Han
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junrong Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Nehra S, Gumina RJ, Bansal SS. Immune cell Dilemma in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: To Heal or Not to Heal. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 19:39-46. [PMID: 33103020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a double-edged sword for sterile tissue injury such as in myocardial infarction (MI). After ischemic injury, inflammatory immune responses activate repair processes, clear tissue-debris, form a stable scar and initiate angiogenesis in the myocardium for efficient wound-healing. However, incomplete immune resolution or sustained low-grade inflammation lead to ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) characterized by maladaptive tissue remodeling and left-ventricular dilatation. It is clear that a delicate balance of cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, resolvins, and the innate and adaptive immune systems is critical for adequate healing as both insufficient- or overt-activation of inflammatory responses can either enhance rupture incidence or exacerbate cardiac dysfunction in the long-term. Among all the players, immune cells are the most critical as they are not only a source for all of the inflammatory protein mediators, but are also a target. However, phenotypic complexities associated with different immune subtypes, their interdependence, phasic-activations and varied functionalities often make it difficult to segregate the effects of one immune cell from another. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of several innate and adaptive immune cells to acquaint readers with complex immune-networks that dictate the extent of wound-healing post-MI and maladaptive remodeling during IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Nehra
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Shyam S Bansal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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