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Iyer K, Erkert L, Becker C. Know your neighbors: microbial recognition at the intestinal barrier and its implications for gut homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1228283. [PMID: 37519301 PMCID: PMC10375050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1228283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) perform several physiological and metabolic functions at the epithelial barrier. IECs also play an important role in defining the overall immune functions at the mucosal region. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the cell surface and in other cellular compartments enable them to sense the presence of microbes and microbial products in the intestinal lumen. IECs are thus at the crossroads of mediating a bidirectional interaction between the microbial population and the immune cells present at the intestinal mucosa. This communication between the microbial population, the IECs and the underlying immune cells has a profound impact on the overall health of the host. In this review, we focus on the various PRRs present in different cellular compartments of IECs and discuss the recent developments in the understanding of their role in microbial recognition. Microbial recognition and signaling at the epithelial barrier have implications in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, epithelial barrier function, maintenance of commensals, and the overall tolerogenic function of PRRs in the gut mucosa. We also highlight the role of an aberrant microbial sensing at the epithelial barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Iyer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lena Erkert
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Karo-Atar D, Gregorieff A, King IL. Dangerous liaisons: how helminths manipulate the intestinal epithelium. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:414-422. [PMID: 37076358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal helminths remain highly pervasive throughout the animal kingdom by modulating multiple aspects of the host immune response. The intestinal epithelium functions as a physical barrier as well as a sentinel innate immune tissue with the ability to sense and respond to infectious agents. Although helminths form intimate interactions with the epithelium, comprehensive knowledge about host-helminth interactions at this dynamic interface is lacking. In addition, little is known about the ability of helminths to directly shape the fate of this barrier tissue. Here, we review the diverse pathways by which helminths regulate the epithelium and highlight the emerging field of direct helminth regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) fate and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Jiang W, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li M. Interleukin 25 and its biological features and function in intestinal diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 47:362-372. [PMID: 36817397 PMCID: PMC9901255 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2022.124416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 25 (IL-25), also known as IL-17E, is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family and an important regulator of the type 2 immune response. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-25 interacts with diverse immune as well as non-immune cells and plays a rather complicated role in different backgrounds of multiple organs. IL-25 has been studied in the physiology and pathology of the intestine to some extent. With epithelial cells being an important source in the intestine, IL-25 plays a key role in intestinal immune responses and is associated with inappropriate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, and cancer tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the emerging comprehension of the biology of IL-25, as well as its cellular sources, targets, and signaling transduction. In particular, we discuss how IL-25 participates in the development of intestinal diseases including helminth infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, food allergy and colorectal cancer, as well as its underlying role in future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zehui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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4
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Abstract
IL-17 cytokine family members have diverse biological functions, promoting protective immunity against many pathogens but also driving inflammatory pathology during infection and autoimmunity. IL-17A and IL-17F are produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and various innate immune cell populations in response to IL-1β and IL-23, and they mediate protective immunity against fungi and bacteria by promoting neutrophil recruitment, antimicrobial peptide production and enhanced barrier function. IL-17-driven inflammation is normally controlled by regulatory T cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, TGFβ and IL-35. However, if dysregulated, IL-17 responses can promote immunopathology in the context of infection or autoimmunity. Moreover, IL-17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many other disorders with an inflammatory basis, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Consequently, the IL-17 pathway is now a key drug target in many autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders; therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17A, both IL-17A and IL-17F, the IL-17 receptor, or IL-23 are highly effective in some of these diseases. However, new approaches are needed to specifically regulate IL-17-mediated immunopathology in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity without compromising protective immunity to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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5
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Zheng M, Jiang X, Kong X, Guo Y, Zhang W, Di W. Proteomic analysis of Fasciola gigantica excretory and secretory products ( FgESPs) co-immunoprecipitated using a time course of infected buffalo sera. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1089394. [PMID: 36620027 PMCID: PMC9816151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1089394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Widespread Fasciola gigantica infection in buffaloes has caused great economic losses in buffalo farming. Studies on F. gigantica excretory and secretory products (FgESP) have highlighted their importance in F. gigantica parasitism and their potential in vaccine development. Identifying FgESP components involved in F. gigantica-buffalo interactions during different periods is important for developing effective strategies against fasciolosis. Methods Buffaloes were assigned to non-infection (n = 3, as control group) and infection (n = 3) groups. The infection group was orally administrated 250 metacercariae. Sera were collected at 3, 10, and 16 weeks post-infection (wpi) for the non-infection group and at 0 (pre-infection), 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, and 16 wpi for the infection group. FgESP components interacting with sera from the non-infection and infection groups assay were pulled down by co-IP and identified using LC-MS/MS. Interacting FgESP components in infection group were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway and gene ontology (GO) functional annotation to infer their potential functions. Results and discussion Proteins of FgESP components identified in the non-infection group at 3, 10, and 16 wpi accounted for 80.5%, 84.3%, and 82.1% of all proteins identified in these three time points, respectively, indicating surroundings did not affect buffalo immune response during maintenance. Four hundred and ninety proteins were identified in the infection group, of which 87 were consistently identified at 7 time points. Following GO analysis showed that most of these 87 proteins were in biological processes, while KEGG analysis showed they mainly functioned in metabolism and cellular processing, some of which were thought to functions throughout the infection process. The numbers of specific interactors identified for each week were 1 (n = 12), 3 (n = 5), 6 (n = 8), 8 (n = 15), 10 (n = 23), 13 (n = 22), and 16 (n = 14) wpi, some of which were thought to functions in specific infection process. This study screened the antigenic targets in FgESP during a dense time course over a long period. These findings may enhance the understanding of molecular F. gigantica-buffalo interactions and help identify new potential vaccine and drug target candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Xinping Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Weiyu Zhang, ✉
| | - Wenda Di
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, China,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning, China,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Animal Disease, Nanning, China,Wenda Di, ✉
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6
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Duchesne M, Okoye I, Lacy P. Epithelial cell alarmin cytokines: Frontline mediators of the asthma inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975914. [PMID: 36311787 PMCID: PMC9616080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of the airway epithelium to external stimuli such as allergens, microbes, and air pollution triggers the release of the alarmin cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP interact with their ligands, IL-17RA, IL1RL1 and TSLPR respectively, expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including dendritic cells, ILC2 cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Alarmins play key roles in driving type 2-high, and to a lesser extent type 2-low responses, in asthma. In addition, studies in which each of these three alarmins were targeted in allergen-challenged mice showed decreased chronicity of type-2 driven disease. Consequently, ascertaining the mechanism of activity of these upstream mediators has implications for understanding the outcome of targeted therapies designed to counteract their activity and alleviate downstream type 2-high and low effector responses. Furthermore, identifying the factors which shift the balance between the elicitation of type 2-high, eosinophilic asthma and type-2 low, neutrophilic-positive/negative asthma by alarmins is essential. In support of these efforts, observations from the NAVIGATOR trial imply that targeting TSLP in patients with tezepelumab results in reduced asthma exacerbations, improved lung function and control of the disease. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms surrounding the secretion of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP from the airway epithelium and how this influences the allergic airway cascade. We also review in detail how alarmin-receptor/co-receptor interactions modulate downstream allergic inflammation. Current strategies which target alarmins, their efficacy and inflammatory phenotype will be discussed.
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7
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Han M, Ma J, Ouyang S, Wang Y, Zheng T, Lu P, Zheng Z, Zhao W, Li H, Wu Y, Zhang B, Hu R, Otsu K, Liu X, Wan Y, Li H, Huang G. The kinase p38α functions in dendritic cells to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and allergic inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:805-819. [PMID: 35551270 PMCID: PMC9243149 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in controlling T helper 2 (Th2) cell-dependent diseases, but the signaling mechanism that triggers this function is not fully understood. We showed that p38α activity in DCs was decreased upon HDM stimulation and dynamically regulated by both extrinsic signals and Th2-instructive cytokines. p38α-specific deletion in cDC1s but not in cDC2s or macrophages promoted Th2 responses under HDM stimulation. Further study showed that p38α in cDC1s regulated Th2-cell differentiation by modulating the MK2−c-FOS−IL-12 axis. Importantly, crosstalk between p38α-dependent DCs and Th2 cells occurred during the sensitization phase, not the effector phase, and was conserved between mice and humans. Our results identify p38α signaling as a central pathway in DCs that integrates allergic and parasitic instructive signals with Th2-instructive cytokines from the microenvironment to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and function, and this finding may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases and parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Han
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Suidong Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Peishan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200437, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Basic Department of Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, SE59NU, UK
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Huabin Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gonghua Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, 523808, Dongguan, China.
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8
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Sharma A, Noon JB, Kontodimas K, Garo LP, Platten J, Quinton LJ, Urban JF, Reinhardt C, Bosmann M. IL-27 Enhances γδ T Cell–Mediated Innate Resistance to Primary Hookworm Infection in the Lungs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 208:2008-2018. [PMID: 35354611 PMCID: PMC9012701 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-27 is a heterodimeric IL-12 family cytokine formed by noncovalent association of the promiscuous EBI3 subunit and selective p28 subunit. IL-27 is produced by mononuclear phagocytes and unfolds pleiotropic immune-modulatory functions through ligation to IL-27 receptor α (IL-27RA). Although IL-27 is known to contribute to immunity and to limit inflammation after various infections, its relevance for host defense against multicellular parasites is still poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of IL-27 during infection with the soil-transmitted hookworm, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, in its early host intrapulmonary life cycle. IL-27(p28) was detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of C57BL/6J wild-type mice on day 1 after s.c. inoculation. IL-27RA expression was most abundant on lung-invading γδ T cells. Il27ra-/- mice showed increased lung parasite burden together with aggravated pulmonary hemorrhage and higher alveolar total protein leakage as a surrogate for epithelial-vascular barrier disruption. Conversely, injections of recombinant mouse (rm)IL-27 into wild-type mice reduced lung injury and parasite burden. In multiplex screens, higher airway accumulations of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-3 (CCL7) were observed in Il27ra-/- mice, whereas rmIL-27 treatment showed a reciprocal effect. Importantly, γδ T cell numbers in airways were enhanced by endogenous or administered IL-27. Further analysis revealed a direct antihelminthic function of IL-27 on γδ T cells as adoptive intratracheal transfer of rmIL-27-treated γδ T cells during primary N. brasiliensis lung infection conferred protection in mice. In summary, this report demonstrates protective functions of IL-27 to control the early lung larval stage of hookworm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sharma
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jason B Noon
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantinos Kontodimas
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucien P Garo
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes Platten
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory and Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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9
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Olguín-Martínez E, Ruiz-Medina BE, Licona-Limón P. Tissue-Specific Molecular Markers and Heterogeneity in Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757967. [PMID: 34759931 PMCID: PMC8573327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently described group of lymphoid subpopulations. These tissue-resident cells display a heterogeneity resembling that observed on different groups of T cells, hence their categorization as cytotoxic NK cells and helper ILCs type 1, 2 and 3. Each one of these groups is highly diverse and expresses different markers in a context-dependent manner. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are activated in response to helminth parasites and regulate the immune response. They are involved in the etiology of diseases associated with allergic responses as well as in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Markers associated with their identification differ depending on the tissue and model used, making the study and understanding of these cells a cumbersome task. This review compiles evidence for the heterogeneity of ILC2s as well as discussion and analyses of molecular markers associated with their identity, function, tissue-dependent expression, and how these markers contribute to the interaction of ILC2s with specific microenvironments to maintain homeostasis or respond to pathogenic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Olguín-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Blanca E Ruiz-Medina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
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10
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Oyesola OO, Früh SP, Webb LM, Tait Wojno ED. Cytokines and beyond: Regulation of innate immune responses during helminth infection. Cytokine 2020; 133:154527. [PMID: 30241895 PMCID: PMC6422760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic helminth infection elicits a type 2 cytokine-mediated inflammatory response. During type 2 inflammation, damaged or stimulated epithelial cells exposed to helminths and their products produce alarmins and cytokines including IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. These factors promote innate immune cell activation that supports the polarization of CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. Activated innate and Th2 cells produce the cytokines IL-4, -5, -9, and -13 that perpetuate immune activation and act back on the epithelium to cause goblet cell hyperplasia and increased epithelial cell turnover. Together, these events facilitate worm expulsion and wound healing processes. While the role of Th2 cells in this context has been heavily studied, recent work has revealed that epithelial cell-derived cytokines are drivers of key innate immune responses that are critical for type 2 anti-helminth responses. Cutting-edge studies have begun to fully assess how other factors and pathways, including lipid mediators, chemokines, Fc receptor signaling, danger-associated molecular pattern molecules, and direct cell-cell interactions, also participate in shaping innate cell-mediated type 2 inflammation. In this review, we discuss how these pathways intersect and synergize with pathways controlled by epithelial cell-derived cytokines to coordinate innate immune responses that drive helminth-induced type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyebola O Oyesola
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Simon P Früh
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elia D Tait Wojno
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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11
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Fukayama M, Yoshizaki A, Fukasawa T, Ebata S, Kuzumi A, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Asano Y, Oba K, Sato S. Interleukin (IL)-17F and IL-17E are related to fibrosis and vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis. J Dermatol 2020; 47:1287-1292. [PMID: 32686186 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that causes fibrosis and vasculopathy of the skin and internal organs against a background of autoimmune abnormalities. In recent years, the importance of the interleukin (IL)-17 family for inflammatory diseases has received much attention, but autoimmune diseases have not yet been fully explored. As for SSc, there is also no unified perspective on the involvement of the IL-17 family in its development, and few studies have been conducted linking IL-17F and IL-17E particularly to the disease severity. In the present study, we examined the correlation between serum IL-17F and IL-17E levels and disease severity in SSc patients. Moreover, the expression of the receptors for these cytokines, IL-17RB and IL-17RC, in skin tissues obtained by skin biopsy was examined by immunohistochemistry. Both cytokines were significantly elevated in the sera of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc patients compared with healthy controls. Serum IL-17F levels correlated with modified Rodnan total skin thickness score, a semiquantitative measure of skin sclerosis, percent predicted forced vital capacity, percent predicted carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity and serum levels of Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein-D, serological markers of interstitial lung disease. Serum IL-17E levels were significantly correlated with percent predicted forced vital capacity and serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels. Serum levels of IL-17F and IL-17E also correlated with the prevalence of digital ulcers, and serum IL-17F levels were associated with elevated right ventricle systolic pressure values. In addition, IL-17RC and IL-17RB expression was increased in the skin tissues of diffuse cutaneous SSc patients. These results suggested that IL-17F and IL-17E could be involved in fibrosis and vasculopathy in SSc through their respective receptors in the affected organ tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Fukayama
- Departments of, Department of Dermatology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Departments of, Department of Dermatology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Departments of, Department of Dermatology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ebata
- Departments of, Department of Dermatology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Kuzumi
- Departments of, Department of Dermatology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Departments of, Department of Dermatology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Departments of, Department of Dermatology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Oba
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Departments of, Department of Dermatology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Hinks TSC, Hoyle RD, Gelfand EW. CD8 + Tc2 cells: underappreciated contributors to severe asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/154/190092. [PMID: 31748421 PMCID: PMC6887553 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0092-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of asthma is underscored by the number of cell types and mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous syndrome. Type 2 CD4+ T-cells (Th2) and more recently, type 2 innate lymphoid cells dominate current descriptions of asthma pathogenesis. However, another important source of these type 2 cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13, are CD8+ T-cells, which are increasingly proposed to play an important role in asthma pathogenesis, because they are abundant and are comparatively insensitive to corticosteroids. Many common triggers of asthma exacerbations are mediated via corticosteroid-resistant pathways involving neutrophils and CD8+ T-cells. Extensive murine data reveal the plasticity of CD8+ T-cells and their capacity to enhance airway inflammation and airway dysfunction. In humans, Tc2 cells are predominant in fatal asthma, while in stable state, severe eosinophilic asthma is associated with greater numbers of Tc2 than Th2 cells in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial biopsies. Tc2 cells strongly express CRTH2, the receptor for prostaglandin D2, the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 and the leukotriene B4 receptor. When activated, these elicit Tc2 cell chemotaxis and production of chemokines and type 2 and other cytokines, resulting directly or indirectly in eosinophil recruitment and survival. These factors position CD8+ Tc2 cells as important and underappreciated effector cells contributing to asthma pathogenesis. Here, we review recent advances and new insights in understanding the pro-asthmatic functions of CD8+ T-cells in eosinophilic asthma, especially corticosteroid-resistant asthma, and the molecular mechanisms underlying their pathologic effector function. Alongside Th2 and ILC2 cells, CD8+ T-cells are a cellular source of type 2 cytokines. We review recent findings and insights into the pathologic effector functions of type 2 CD8+ T-cells in eosinophilic asthma, especially steroid-resistant disease.http://bit.ly/2KbVGL2
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S C Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nuffield Dept of Medicine Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan D Hoyle
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nuffield Dept of Medicine Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Dept of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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13
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Ting HA, von Moltke J. The Immune Function of Tuft Cells at Gut Mucosal Surfaces and Beyond. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1321-1329. [PMID: 30782851 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells were first discovered in epithelial barriers decades ago, but their function remained unclear until recently. In the last 2 years, a series of studies has provided important advances that link tuft cells to infectious diseases and the host immune responses. Broadly, a model has emerged in which tuft cells use chemosensing to monitor their surroundings and translate environmental signals into effector functions that regulate immune responses in the underlying tissue. In this article, we review the current understanding of tuft cell immune function in the intestines, airways, and thymus. In particular, we discuss the role of tuft cells in type 2 immunity, norovirus infection, and thymocyte development. Despite recent advances, many fundamental questions about the function of tuft cells in immunity remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-An Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109
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14
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Xu J, Pei S, Wang Y, Liu J, Qian Y, Huang M, Zhang Y, Xiao Y. Tpl2 Protects Against Fulminant Hepatitis Through Mobilization of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1980. [PMID: 31481966 PMCID: PMC6710335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the liver microenvironment protects against the inflammation-induced liver injury in fulminant hepatitis (FH). However, the molecular mechanism through which MDSC is recruited into the inflamed liver remain elusive. Here we identified a protein kinase Tpl2 as a critical mediator of MDSC recruitment into liver during the pathogenesis of Propionibacterium acnes/LPS-induced FH. Loss of Tpl2 dramatically suppressed MDSC mobilization into liver, leading to exaggerated local inflammation and increased FH-induced mortality. Mechanistically, although the protective effect of Tpl2 for FH-induced mortality was dependent on the presence of MDSC, Tpl2 neither directly targeted myeloid cells nor T cells to regulate FH pathogenesis, but functioned in hepatocytes to mediate the induction of MDSC-attracting chemokine CXCL1 and CXCL2 through modulating IL-25 (also known as IL-17E) signaling. As a consequence, increased MDSC in the inflamed liver specifically restrained the local proliferation of infiltrated pathogenic CD4+ T cells, and thus protected against the inflammation-induced acute liver failure. Together, our findings established Tpl2 as a critical mediator of MDSC recruitment and highlighted the therapeutic potential of Tpl2 for the treatment of FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Youcun Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichuan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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15
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Robak E, Gerlicz-Kowalczuk Z, Dziankowska-Bartkowiak B, Wozniacka A, Bogaczewicz J. Serum concentrations of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17E and IL-17F in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:706-712. [PMID: 31110538 PMCID: PMC6524200 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.84738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune system activation, microvascular abnormalities and extracellular matrix deposition in tissues play roles in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Th17 cells producing interleukin (IL)-17 are involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases; however, the role of IL-17 in SSc remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS The concentrations of IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17E, and IL-17F in the serum of patients with SSc and in the healthy control group were assessed with regard to type of the disease - whether limited (lSSc) or diffuse (dSSc) - and symptoms. RESULTS No difference was found between patients with SSc and the control group as regards the serum concentration of IL-17A. However, IL-17B and IL-17E levels in patients with SSc, and its types diffuse and limited were higher (p < 0.001) compared to the control. The serum level of IL-17F was higher in SSc (p < 0.005) and lSSc (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Serum concentration of IL-17B was elevated in SSc patients with renal abnormalities (p < 0.05) compared to those without. Serum levels of IL-17B correlated with the levels of IL-17E in patients with SSc (r = 0.54, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased synthesis of IL-17B, IL-17E and IL-17F appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of SSc, in contrast to IL-17A. Higher levels of IL-17B and IL-17E are associated with the development of both lSSc and dSSc, whereas IL-17F is associated with lSSc only. Further studies are needed to elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Robak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Wozniacka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Bogaczewicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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16
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Guttman-Yassky E, Zhou L, Krueger JG. The skin as an immune organ: Tolerance versus effector responses and applications to food allergy and hypersensitivity reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:362-374. [PMID: 30954522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin is replete with immunocompetent cells that modulate signaling pathways to maintain a salubrious immunogenic/tolerogenic balance. This fertile immune environment plays a significant role in the development of allergic responses and sensitivities, but the mechanisms underlying these pathways have been underappreciated and underused with respect to developing therapeutics. Among the complex repertoire of cells that promote tolerogenic pathways in the periphery, 2 key classes include dendritic cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Immature dendritic cells are the first line of defense, patrolling the periphery, sampling antigens, and secreting cytokines that suppress immune cells and promote the survival of Treg cells. Skin-homing Treg cells also play a critical role in mitigating the reactivity of immune cells, secreting high levels of cytokines that promote tolerance. Therapeutic approaches that capitalize on our knowledge of the rich cellular and molecular environment are emerging and show great promise. We will discuss the advantages and challenges of 5 such strategies and how these therapies might mitigate the atopic march by facilitating tolerance. We conclude that skin is a multifaceted structure that provides a fertile ground for therapeutic discovery. Accordingly, ongoing work in this domain will no doubt continue to deliver exciting progress for improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY.
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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17
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Han M, Hu R, Ma J, Zhang B, Chen C, Li H, Yang J, Huang G. Fas Signaling in Dendritic Cells Mediates Th2 Polarization in HDM-Induced Allergic Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3045. [PMID: 30619373 PMCID: PMC6308134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) signaling plays an important role in the development of allergic inflammation, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are still not well known. By using the bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) transfer-induced pulmonary inflammation model, we found that house dust mite (HDM)-stimulated FAS-deficient BMDCs induced higher Th2-mediated allergic inflammation, associated with increased mucus production and eosinophilic inflammation. Moreover, FAS-deficient BMDCs promoted Th2 cell differentiation upon HDM stimulation in vitro. Compared to wild-type BMDCs, the Fas-deficient BMDCs had increased ERK activity and decreased IL-12 production upon HDM stimulation. Inhibition of ERK activity could largely increase IL-12 production, consequently restored the increased Th2 cytokine expression of OT-II CD4+ T cells activated by Fas-deficient BMDCs. Thus, our results uncover an important role of DC-specific Fas signaling in Th2 differentiation and allergic inflammation, and modulation of Fas signaling in DCs may offer a useful strategy for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Allergic and Inflammatory Diseases, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gonghua Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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18
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Smith KA, Löser S, Varyani F, Harcus Y, McSorley HJ, McKenzie AN, Maizels RM. Concerted IL-25R and IL-4Rα signaling drive innate type 2 effector immunity for optimal helminth expulsion. eLife 2018; 7:38269. [PMID: 30238872 PMCID: PMC6173579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 25 (IL-25) is a major 'alarmin' cytokine, capable of initiating and amplifying the type immune response to helminth parasites. However, its role in the later effector phase of clearing chronic infection remains unclear. The helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus establishes long-term infections in susceptible C57BL/6 mice, but is slowly expelled in BALB/c mice from day 14 onwards. We noted that IL-25R (Il17rb)-deficient BALB/c mice were unable to expel parasites despite type 2 immune activation comparable to the wild-type. We then established that in C57BL/6 mice, IL-25 adminstered late in infection (days 14-17) drove immunity. Moreover, when IL-25 and IL-4 were delivered to Rag1-deficient mice, the combination resulted in near complete expulsion of the parasite, even following administration of an anti-CD90 antibody to deplete innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Hence, effective anti-helminth immunity during chronic infection requires an innate effector cell population that is synergistically activated by the combination of IL-4Rα and IL-25R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Smith
- Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephan Löser
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fumi Varyani
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Harcus
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J McSorley
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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19
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An Interleukin-25-Mediated Autoregulatory Circuit in Keratinocytes Plays a Pivotal Role in Psoriatic Skin Inflammation. Immunity 2018; 48:787-798.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:304-315. [PMID: 29297502 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous species of nematodes have evolved to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans, with over a billion of the world's population infected with at least one species. These large multicellular pathogens present a considerable and complex challenge to the host immune system given that individuals are continually exposed to infective stages, as well as the high prevalence in endemic areas. This review summarizes our current understanding of host-parasite interactions, detailing induction of protective immunity, mechanisms of resistance, and resolution of the response. It is clear from studies of well-defined laboratory model systems that these responses are dominated by innate and adaptive type 2 cytokine responses, regulating cellular and soluble effectors that serve to disrupt the niche in which the parasites live by strengthening the physical mucosal barrier and ultimately promoting tissue repair.
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21
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Ferretti E, Di Carlo E, Ognio E, Fraternali-Orcioni G, Corcione A, Belmonte B, Ravetti JL, Tripodo C, Ribatti D, Pistoia V. IL-25 dampens the growth of human germinal center-derived B-cell non Hodgkin Lymphoma by curtailing neoangiogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1397249. [PMID: 29399397 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1397249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-25, a member of the IL-17 cytokine superfamily, is produced by immune and non-immune cells and exerts type 2 pro-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The IL-25 receptor(R) is composed of the IL-17RA/IL-17RB subunits. Previous work showed that germinal centre (GC)-derived B-cell non Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) expressed IL-17AR, formed by IL-17RA and IL-17RC subunits, and IL-17A/IL-17AR axis promoted B-NHL growth by stimulating neoangiogenesis. Here, we have investigated expression and function of IL-25/IL-25R axis in lymph nodes from human GC-derived B-NHL, i.e. Follicular Lymphoma (FL,10 cases), Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (6 cases) and Burkitt Lymphoma (3 cases). Tumor cells expressed IL-25R and IL-25 that was detected also in non-malignant cells by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed expression of IL-25R and IL-25 in FL cells, and highlighted IL-25 expression in bystander elements of the FL microenvironment. IL-25 i) up-regulated phosphorylation of NFkBp65, STAT-1 and JNK in B-NHL cells; ii) inhibited in vitro proliferation of the latter cells; iii) exerted anti-tumor activity in two in vivo B-NHL models by dampening expression of pro-angiogenic molecules as VEGF-C, CXCL6 and ANGPT3. In conclusion, IL-25, that is intrinsically pro-angiogenic, inhibits B-NHL growth by reprogramming the angiogenic phenotype of B-NHL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferretti
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology and Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University and Ce.SI-MeT, Aging Research Center, Pathological Anatomy and Immuno-Oncology Unit, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ognio
- Animal Facility, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulio Fraternali-Orcioni
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corcione
- Laboratorio di Oncologia and Laboratorio malattie autoinfiammatorie e immudeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jean Louis Ravetti
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Laboratorio di Oncologia and Laboratorio malattie autoinfiammatorie e immudeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy, and National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
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22
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Peng H, Ning H, Wang Q, Lu W, Chang Y, Wang TT, Lai J, Kolattukudy PE, Hou R, Hoft DF, Dykewicz MS, Liu J. Monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 controls allergic airway inflammation by suppressing IL-5-producing T H2 cells through the Notch/Gata3 pathway. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:582-594.e10. [PMID: 29111212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthmatic and allergic inflammation is mediated by TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13). Although we have learned much about how TH2 cells are differentiated, the TH2 checkpoint mechanisms remain elusive. OBJECTIVES In this study we investigate how monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1; encoded by the Zc3h12a gene) regulates IL-5-producing TH2 cell differentiation and TH2-mediated inflammation. METHODS The functions of Zc3h12a-/- CD4 T cells were evaluated by checking the expression of TH2 cytokines and transcription factors in vivo and in vitro. Allergic airway inflammation of Zc3h12a-/- mice was examined with murine asthma models. In addition, antigen-specific CD4 T cells deficient in MCPIP1 were transferred to wild-type recipient mice, challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or house dust mite (HDM), and accessed for TH2 inflammation. RESULTS Zc3h12a-/- mice have spontaneous severe lung inflammation, with an increase in mainly IL-5- and IL-13-producing but not IL-4-producing TH2 cells in the lung. Mechanistically, differentiation of IL-5-producing Zc3h12a-/- TH2 cells is mediated through Notch signaling and Gata3 independent of IL-4. Gata3 mRNA is stabilized in Zc3h12a-/- TH2 cells. MCPIP1 promotes Gata3 mRNA decay through the RNase domain. Furthermore, deletion of MCPIP1 in OVA- or HDM-specific T cells leads to significantly increased TH2-mediated airway inflammation in OVA or HDM murine models of asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that MCPIP1 regulates the development and function of IL-5-producing TH2 cells through the Notch/Gata3 pathway. MCPIP1 represents a new and promising target for the treatment of asthma and other TH2-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Huan Ning
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Qinghong Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Wenbao Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Yingzi Chang
- Pharmacology Department, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Mo
| | | | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Pappachan E Kolattukudy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla
| | - Rong Hou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Mark S Dykewicz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo.
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23
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Roostaeyan O, Kivelevitch D, Menter A. A review article on brodalumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:963-978. [PMID: 28879789 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder affecting approximately 2-3% of the worldwide population. Recent advances in our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis have resulted in novel therapeutic agents. IL-17, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in psoriasis. Therapeutic agents targeting this cytokine have shown clinical effectiveness in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Brodalumab, a human antibody against IL-17 receptor A, has been approved by the US FDA in February 2017, by the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency in July 2016 and by the EMA in July 2017 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. This article reviews the published data relating to brodalumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Roostaeyan
- University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73019, USA
| | - Dario Kivelevitch
- Division of Dermatology, Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Alan Menter
- Division of Dermatology, Baylor Scott & White, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Cortés A, Muñoz-Antoli C, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Th2 and Th1 Responses: Clear and Hidden Sides of Immunity Against Intestinal Helminths. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:678-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Filbey K, Bouchery T, Le Gros G. The role of ILC2 in hookworm infection. Parasite Immunol 2017; 40. [PMID: 28369954 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hookworm is a major public health concern, yet still relatively little is known about the immunological responses involved in human infection. Animal studies are mainly confined to using the natural rodent helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis as this has been proposed as the most accurate model of hookworm infection in the mouse, with both its life cycle and the immune responses it invokes having been extremely well characterized. In this review, we examine the roles that type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play in immunity and host tolerance to hookworm infection, particularly N. brasiliensis. This includes their role in the initiation and regulation of immune responses, as well as in the resolution and limitation of tissue damage required after an infection with a large organism, such as a helminth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Filbey
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - T Bouchery
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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26
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Ishimaru Y, Kozuka C, Nakajima K, Sasaki T. Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:83-95. [PMID: 27730500 PMCID: PMC5138253 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
At the 93rd annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan, a symposium entitled "Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators" was organized. The latest research on weight control was presented by young up-and-coming investigators. The symposium consisted of the following presentations: Gastrointestinal brush cells, immunity, and energy homeostasis; Impact of a brown rice-derived bioactive product on feeding regulation and fuel metabolism; A novel G protein-coupled receptor-regulated neuronal signaling pathway triggers sustained orexigenic effects; and NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine regulates food preference. These four talks presented at the symposium were summarized as a series of short reviews in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Ishimaru
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling. Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
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Gronke K, Kofoed-Nielsen M, Diefenbach A. Innate lymphoid cells, precursors and plasticity. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:9-18. [PMID: 27394700 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have only recently been recognized as a separate entity of the lymphoid lineage. Their subpopulations share common characteristics in terms of early development and major transcriptional circuitry with their related cousins of the T cell world. It is currently hypothesized that ILCs constitute an evolutionary older version of the lymphoid immune system. They are found at all primary entry points for pathogens such as mucosal surfaces of the lung and gastrointestinal system, the skin and the liver, which is the central contact point for pathogens that breach the intestinal barrier and enter the circulation. There, ILC contribute to the first line defense as well as to organ homeostasis. However, ILC are not only involved in classical defense tasks, but also contribute to the organogenesis of lymphoid organs as well as tissue remodeling and even stem cell regeneration. ILC may, therefore, implement different functions according to their emergence in ontogeny, their development and their final tissue location. We will review here their early development from precursors of the fetal liver and the adult bone marrow as well as their late plasticity in adaptation to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Gronke
- Research Centre Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kofoed-Nielsen
- Research Centre Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Research Centre Immunology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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28
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The roles and functional mechanisms of interleukin-17 family cytokines in mucosal immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 13:418-31. [PMID: 27018218 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system serves as our front-line defense against pathogens. It also tightly maintains immune tolerance to self-symbiotic bacteria, which are usually called commensals. Sensing both types of microorganisms is modulated by signalling primarily through various pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on barrier epithelial cells or immune cells. After sensing, proinflammatory molecules such as cytokines are released by these cells to mediate either defensive or tolerant responses. The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family members belong to a newly characterized cytokine subset that is critical for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on the diverse functions and signals of this family of cytokines at different mucosal edges.
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Lorè NI, Bragonzi A, Cigana C. The IL-17A/IL-17RA axis in pulmonary defence and immunopathology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:19-27. [PMID: 27033174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-17A/IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) axis is emerging as a key player in host defence. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-17A-mediated responses play a critical role in both acute and chronic inflammation induced by infectious agents, environmental stimuli and genetic diseases in the airways. In this regard, it is becoming evident that IL-17A/IL-17RA signalling may have a protective and beneficial impact on health, but that it can also result in detrimental outcomes. On one hand, the IL-17A/IL-17RA axis can contribute to the elimination of noxious stimuli and to the resolution of acute inflammatory processes; on the other hand, it can exacerbate immunopathological responses, contributing to the development and progression of chronic respiratory illnesses. In addition, cellular and molecular signatures underlying IL-17A/IL-17RA signalling have been increasingly identified, although further studies are needed to clarify such complex responses. Here, we discuss the latest discoveries on the role of the IL-17A/IL-17RA axis in driving host pulmonary defence and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ivan Lorè
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cigana
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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Howitt MR, Lavoie S, Michaud M, Blum AM, Tran SV, Weinstock JV, Gallini CA, Redding K, Margolskee RF, Osborne LC, Artis D, Garrett WS. Tuft cells, taste-chemosensory cells, orchestrate parasite type 2 immunity in the gut. Science 2016; 351:1329-33. [PMID: 26847546 PMCID: PMC5528851 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium forms an essential barrier between a host and its microbiota. Protozoa and helminths are members of the gut microbiota of mammals, including humans, yet the many ways that gut epithelial cells orchestrate responses to these eukaryotes remain unclear. Here we show that tuft cells, which are taste-chemosensory epithelial cells, accumulate during parasite colonization and infection. Disruption of chemosensory signaling through the loss of TRMP5 abrogates the expansion of tuft cells, goblet cells, eosinophils, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells during parasite colonization. Tuft cells are the primary source of the parasite-induced cytokine interleukin-25, which indirectly induces tuft cell expansion by promoting interleukin-13 production by innate lymphoid cells. Our results identify intestinal tuft cells as critical sentinels in the gut epithelium that promote type 2 immunity in response to intestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Howitt
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sydney Lavoie
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monia Michaud
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arthur M Blum
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sara V Tran
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Carey Ann Gallini
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Redding
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Lisa C Osborne
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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31
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Yao X, Sun Y, Wang W, Sun Y. Interleukin (IL)-25: Pleiotropic roles in asthma. Respirology 2015; 21:638-47. [PMID: 26699081 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IL-25, also named IL-17E, is a distinct member of the IL-17 cytokine family, which can promote and augment T helper type 2 (Th2) responses locally or systemically. Growing evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that the expression of IL-25 and its cognate receptor, IL-17RB/RA, is markedly upregulated in asthmatic conditions. It has also been found that IL-25 induces not only typical eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), but also airway remodelling, manifested by goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagen deposition and angiogenesis. This review will focus on the discovery, cellular origins and targets of IL-25, and try to update current animal and human studies elucidating the roles of IL-25 in asthma. We conclude that although IL-25 is a pleiotropic cytokine, it may only play its dominant role in a certain specific asthmatic endotype, named 'IL-25 high' phenotype. Thus, targeting IL-25 or its receptor might selectively benefit some subgroups with asthma. Furthermore, the major IL-25 producing as well as responsive cells in the changeable milieu of asthma should be assessed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,King's College London, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, London, UK
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32
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Tuft-cell-derived IL-25 regulates an intestinal ILC2-epithelial response circuit. Nature 2015; 529:221-5. [PMID: 26675736 DOI: 10.1038/nature16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic helminths and allergens induce a type 2 immune response leading to profound changes in tissue physiology, including hyperplasia of mucus-secreting goblet cells and smooth muscle hypercontractility. This response, known as 'weep and sweep', requires interleukin (IL)-13 production by tissue-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and recruited type 2 helper T cells (TH2 cells). Experiments in mice and humans have demonstrated requirements for the epithelial cytokines IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-25 in the activation of ILC2s, but the sources and regulation of these signals remain poorly defined. In the small intestine, the epithelium consists of at least five distinct cellular lineages, including the tuft cell, whose function is unclear. Here we show that tuft cells constitutively express IL-25 to sustain ILC2 homeostasis in the resting lamina propria in mice. After helminth infection, tuft-cell-derived IL-25 further activates ILC2s to secrete IL-13, which acts on epithelial crypt progenitors to promote differentiation of tuft and goblet cells, leading to increased frequencies of both. Tuft cells, ILC2s and epithelial progenitors therefore comprise a response circuit that mediates epithelial remodelling associated with type 2 immunity in the small intestine, and perhaps at other mucosal barriers populated by these cells.
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33
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Coquet JM, Schuijs MJ, Smyth MJ, Deswarte K, Beyaert R, Braun H, Boon L, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Nutt SL, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN. Interleukin-21-Producing CD4(+) T Cells Promote Type 2 Immunity to House Dust Mites. Immunity 2015; 43:318-30. [PMID: 26287681 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a T helper 2 (Th2)-cell-mediated disease; however, recent findings implicate Th17 and innate lymphoid cells also in regulating airway inflammation. Herein, we have demonstrated profound interleukin-21 (IL-21) production after house dust mite (HDM)-driven asthma by using T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice reactive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 and an IL-21GFP reporter mouse. IL-21-producing cells in the mediastinal lymph node (mLN) bore characteristics of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, whereas IL-21(+) cells in the lung did not express CXCR5 (a chemokine receptor expressed by Tfh cells) and were distinct from effector Th2 or Th17 cells. Il21r(-/-) mice developed reduced type 2 responses and the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) enhanced Th2 cell function in a cell-intrinsic manner. Finally, administration of recombinant IL-21 and IL-25 synergistically promoted airway eosinophilia primarily via effects on CD4(+) lymphocytes. This highlights an important Th2-cell-amplifying function of IL-21-producing CD4(+) T cells in allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Coquet
- VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Gent University, Zwijnaarde 9052B, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Gent University, Zwijnaarde 9052B, Belgium
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kim Deswarte
- VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Gent University, Zwijnaarde 9052B, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Gent University, Zwijnaarde 9052B, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Harald Braun
- VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Gent University, Zwijnaarde 9052B, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, Utrecht 3584CM, the Netherlands
| | | | - Steven L Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hamida Hammad
- VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Gent University, Zwijnaarde 9052B, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gent University Hospital, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Gent University, Zwijnaarde 9052B, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gent University Hospital, Gent 9000, Belgium; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam 3015CD, the Netherlands
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Characteristics of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and their role in immunological disorders (an update). Cell Immunol 2015; 298:66-76. [PMID: 26429626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a novel family of hematopoietic effectors and regulators of innate immunity. Although these cells are morphologically similar to B cells and T cells, however they do not express antigen receptors. ILCs seems to have emerging roles in innate immune responses against infectious or non-infectious microorganisms, protection of the epithelial barrier, lymphoid organogenesis and inflammation, tissue remodeling and regulating homeostasis of tissue stromal cells. In addition, it has recently been reported that ILCs have a crucial role in several disorders such as allergy and autoimmunity. Based on their phenotype and functions, ILCs are classified into three major groups called ILCs1, ILCs2, and ILCs3. Here we reviewed the most recent data concerning diverse ILC phenotypes, subclasses, functions in immune responses as well as in immune mediated disorders.
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Deciphering Asthma Biomarkers with Protein Profiling Technology. Int J Inflam 2015; 2015:630637. [PMID: 26346739 PMCID: PMC4543788 DOI: 10.1155/2015/630637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, resulting in bronchial hyperresponsiveness with every allergen exposure. It is now clear that asthma is not a single disease, but rather a multifaceted syndrome that results from a variety of biologic mechanisms. Asthma is further problematic given that the disease consists of many variants, each with its own etiologic and pathophysiologic factors, including different cellular responses and inflammatory phenotypes. These facets make the rapid and accurate diagnosis (not to mention treatments) of asthma extremely difficult. Protein biomarkers can serve as powerful detection tools in both clinical and basic research applications. Recent endeavors from biomedical researchers have developed technical platforms, such as cytokine antibody arrays, that have been employed and used to further the global analysis of asthma biomarker studies. In this review, we discuss potential asthma biomarkers involved in the pathophysiologic process and eventual pathogenesis of asthma, how these biomarkers are being utilized, and how further testing methods might help improve the diagnosis and treatment strain that current asthma patients suffer.
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Wu L, Zepp JA, Qian W, Martin BN, Ouyang W, Yin W, Bunting KD, Aronica M, Erzurum S, Li X. A novel IL-25 signaling pathway through STAT5. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4528-34. [PMID: 25821217 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-25 is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines that promotes Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory responses. IL-25 signals through a heterodimeric receptor (IL-25R) composed of IL-17RA and IL-17RB, which recruits the adaptor molecule Act1 for downstream signaling. Although the role of IL-25 in potentiating type 2 inflammation is well characterized by its ability to activate the epithelium as well as T cells, the components of its signaling cascade remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that IL-25 can directly activate STAT5 independently of Act1. Furthermore, conditional STAT5 deletion in T cells or epithelial cells led to a defective IL-25-initiated Th2 polarization as well as defective IL-25 enhancement of Th2 responses. Finally, we found that STAT5 is recruited to the IL-25R in a ligand-dependent manner through unique tyrosine residues on IL-17RB. Together, these findings reveal a novel Act1-independent IL-25 signaling pathway through STAT5 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wen Qian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Bradley N Martin
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Weiguo Yin
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Kevin D Bunting
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Mark Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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Grencis RK. Immunity to Helminths: Resistance, Regulation, and Susceptibility to Gastrointestinal Nematodes. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 33:201-25. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard K. Grencis
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
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38
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Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. The immunology of asthma. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:45-56. [PMID: 25521684 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1110] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from murine models, asthma was long considered the hallmark T helper type 2 (TH2) disease of the airways. It is now known that some asthmatic inflammation is neutrophilic, controlled by the TH17 subset of helper T cells, and that some eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) acting together with basophils. Here we discuss results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans and describe the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart N Lambrecht
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. [3] Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hamida Hammad
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. [2] Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Zepp JA, Wu L, Qian W, Ouyang W, Aronica M, Erzurum S, Li X. TRAF4-SMURF2-mediated DAZAP2 degradation is critical for IL-25 signaling and allergic airway inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2826-37. [PMID: 25681341 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IL-25 promotes type 2 immunity by inducing the expression of Th2-associated cytokines. Although it is known that the IL-25R (IL-17RB) recruits the adaptor protein ACT1, the IL-25R signaling mechanism remains poorly understood. While screening for IL-25R components, we found that IL-25 responses were impaired in Traf4 (-/-) cells. Administering IL-25 to Traf4 (-/-) mice resulted in blunted airway eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine production. Notably, IL-25R recruitment of TRAF4 was required for the ACT1/IL-25R interaction. Mechanistically, TRAF4 recruited the E3-ligase SMURF2, to degrade the IL-25R-inhibitory molecule DAZAP2. Silencing Dazap2 increased ACT1/IL-25R interaction and IL-25 responsiveness. Moreover, a tyrosine within the IL-25R elicited DAZAP2 interference. This study indicates that TRAF4-SMURF2-mediated DAZAP2 degradation is a crucial initiating event for the IL-25 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarod A Zepp
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wen Qian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Mark Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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Th17 differentiation and their pro-inflammation function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 841:99-151. [PMID: 25261206 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T helper cells are classical but constantly reinterpreted T-cell subset, playing critical roles in a diverse range of inflammatory responses or diseases. Depending on the cytokines they release and the immune responses they mediate, CD4(+) T cells are classically divided into two major cell populations: Th1 and Th2 cells. However, recent studies challenged this Th1/Th2 paradigm by discovering several T-helper cell subsets with specific differentiation program and functions, including Th17 cells, Treg cells, and Tfh cells. In this chapter, we summarize the current understanding and recent progresses on the Th17 lineage differentiation and its effector impacts on variety of inflammatory responses or disease pathogenesis.
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Grencis RK, Humphreys NE, Bancroft AJ. Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes: mechanisms and myths. Immunol Rev 2015; 260:183-205. [PMID: 24942690 PMCID: PMC4141702 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses to gastrointestinal nematodes have been studied extensively for over 80 years and intensively investigated over the last 30–40 years. The use of laboratory models has led to the discovery of new mechanisms of protective immunity and made major contributions to our fundamental understanding of both innate and adaptive responses. In addition to host protection, it is clear that immunoregulatory processes are common in infected individuals and resistance often operates alongside modulation of immunity. This review aims to discuss the recent discoveries in both host protection and immunoregulation against gastrointestinal nematodes, placing the data in context of the specific life cycles imposed by the different parasites studied and the future challenges of considering the mucosal/immune axis to encompass host, parasite, and microbiome in its widest sense.
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Abstract
The innate immune system is composed of a diverse array of evolutionarily ancient haematopoietic cell types, including dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes. These cell populations collaborate with each other, with the adaptive immune system and with non-haematopoietic cells to promote immunity, inflammation and tissue repair. Innate lymphoid cells are the most recently identified constituents of the innate immune system and have been the focus of intense investigation over the past five years. We summarize the studies that formally identified innate lymphoid cells and highlight their emerging roles in controlling tissue homeostasis in the context of infection, chronic inflammation, metabolic disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Artis
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Hergen Spits
- Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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43
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Abstract
: Interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) is responsible for both IL-17A and IL-25 (IL-17E) signaling pathways. Current evidences suggest distinct but interactive responses between IL-17A and IL-25 signaling, both of which are critical for intestinal immune homeostasis. IL-17RA is assumed to regulate this counterbalance and therefore becomes a crucial molecule in mucosal immunology. In this review, we will describe the structure of IL-17RA, compare IL-17A and IL-25 signaling pathways, and emphasize on the function of IL-17RA in intestinal inflammation and discuss current evidences of accomplished and ongoing clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies targeting Th17 pathway, especially IL-17RA.
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Wang AJ, Smith A, Li Y, Urban JF, Ramalingam TR, Wynn TA, Lu N, Shea-Donohue T, Yang Z, Zhao A. Genetic deletion of IL-25 (IL-17E) confers resistance to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:72. [PMID: 25937893 PMCID: PMC4417544 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-25 is emerging as a key regulator of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa because of its ability to promote type 2 while suppressing Th1 and Th17 responses. Several previous studies reported inconsistent results on the role of exogenous IL-25 in development of colonic inflammation and none were performed in animals with a genetic deletion of IL-25. We investigated the contribution of endogenous IL-25 to DSS-induced colitis using mice deficient in IL-25. RESULTS Mice were exposed to DSS in drinking water ad libitum either for seven days (acute) or for three cycles of seven days with DSS followed by 14 days without DSS (chronic) to induce colitis, respectively. The loss of body weight, appearance of diarrhea and bloody stools, and shortening of colon length were significantly less pronounced in IL-25(-/-) mice compared to WT mice after exposure to acute DSS. Histological examination showed that DSS-treated IL-25(-/-) mice had only mild inflammation in the colon, while severe inflammation developed in DSS-treated WT mice. A significant up-regulation of IL-33 was observed in acute DSS-treated WT but not in the IL-25(-/-) mice. There was significantly lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon of acute DSS-treated IL-25(-/-) compared to WT mice. IL-25(-/-) mice were also partially protected from chronic DSS challenge especially during the first 2 cycles of DSS exposure. In contrast to IL-25(-/-) mice, IL-13(-/-) mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis. Finally, stimulation of T84 colonic epithelial cells with IL-25 up-regulated the expression of IL-33 and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that endogenous IL-25 acts as a pro-inflammatory factor in DSS-induced colitis, which is unlikely to be mediated by IL-13 but possibly the induction of IL-33 and other pro-inflammatory mediators from colonic epithelial cells. The present study suggests that IL-25 may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease in at least a subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jiang Wang
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- />Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Allen Smith
- />U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Yanfei Li
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- />U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Thirumalai R Ramalingam
- />Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- />Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Nonghua Lu
- />Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- />Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Aiping Zhao
- />Departments of Radiation Oncology and Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, MSTF, Room 7-00D, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Yu M, Zhou H, Zhao J, Xiao N, Roychowdhury S, Schmitt D, Hu B, Ransohoff RM, Harding CV, Hise AG, Hazen SL, DeFranco AL, Fox PL, Morton RE, Dicorleto PE, Febbraio M, Nagy LE, Smith JD, Wang JA, Li X. MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:887-907. [PMID: 24752299 PMCID: PMC4010914 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production by endothelial cells plays a role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation by promoting adipose macrophage recruitment and M1-like polarization. Low-grade systemic inflammation is often associated with metabolic syndrome, which plays a critical role in the development of the obesity-associated inflammatory diseases, including insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here, we investigate how Toll-like receptor–MyD88 signaling in myeloid and endothelial cells coordinately participates in the initiation and progression of high fat diet–induced systemic inflammation and metabolic inflammatory diseases. MyD88 deficiency in myeloid cells inhibits macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue and their switch to an M1-like phenotype. This is accompanied by substantially reduced diet-induced systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. MyD88 deficiency in endothelial cells results in a moderate reduction in diet-induced adipose macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization, selective insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, and amelioration of spontaneous atherosclerosis. Both in vivo and ex vivo studies suggest that MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production from the endothelial cells might play a critical role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation and development of atherosclerosis by priming the monocytes in the adipose and arterial tissues to differentiate into M1-like inflammatory macrophages. Collectively, these results implicate a critical MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Yu
- Department of Immunology, 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 3 Department of Pathobiology, 4 Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Mirchandani AS, Besnard AG, Yip E, Scott C, Bain CC, Cerovic V, Salmond RJ, Liew FY. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Drive CD4+ Th2 Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2442-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Intestinal bacteria induce TSLP to promote mutualistic T-cell responses. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:1157-67. [PMID: 23515135 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is constitutively expressed in the intestine and is known to regulate inflammation in models of colitis. We show that steady-state TSLP expression requires intestinal bacteria and has an important role in limiting the expansion of colonic T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. Inappropriate expansion of the colonic Th17 cells occurred in response to an entirely benign intestinal microbiota, as determined following the colonization of germ-free C57BL/6 or TSLPR(-/-) mice with the altered Schaedler flora (ASF). TSLP-TSLPR (TSLP receptor) interactions also promoted the expansion of colonic Helios(-)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, necessary for the control of inappropriate Th17 responses following ASF bacterial colonization. In summary, these data reveal an important role for TSLP-TSLPR signaling in promoting steady-state mutualistic T-cell responses following intestinal bacterial colonization.
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48
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Boisson B, Wang C, Pedergnana V, Wu L, Cypowyj S, Rybojad M, Belkadi A, Picard C, Abel L, Fieschi C, Puel A, Li X, Casanova JL. An ACT1 mutation selectively abolishes interleukin-17 responses in humans with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Immunity 2013; 39:676-86. [PMID: 24120361 PMCID: PMC3873857 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inborn errors of interleukin-17F (IL-17F) or IL-17RA display chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). We report a biallelic missense mutation (T536I) in the adaptor molecule ACT1 in two siblings with CMC. The mutation, located in the SEFIR domain, abolished the homotypic interaction of ACT1 with IL-17 receptors, with no effect on homodimerization. The patients' fibroblasts failed to respond to IL-17A and IL-17F, and their T cells to IL-17E. By contrast, healthy individuals homozygous for the common variant D10N, located in the ACT1 tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-interacting domain and previously associated with psoriasis, had impaired, but not abolished, responses to IL-17 cytokines. SEFIR-independent interactions of ACT1 with other proteins, such as CD40, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90, were not affected by the T536I mutation. Overall, human IL-17A and IL-17F depend on ACT1 to mediate protective mucocutaneous immunity. Moreover, other ACT1-dependent IL-17 cytokines seem to be largely redundant in host defense.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/genetics
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/immunology
- Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/pathology
- Female
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation, Missense
- Pedigree
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-17/immunology
- Siblings
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch; The Rockefeller University; New York, NY, 10065; USA
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Immunology; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195; USA
| | - Vincent Pedergnana
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch; INSERM U980, Necker Medical School; Paris, 75015 France, EU
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Immunology; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195; USA
| | - Sophie Cypowyj
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch; The Rockefeller University; New York, NY, 10065; USA
| | - Michel Rybojad
- Dermatology Unit; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris, 75010; France, EU
| | - Aziz Belkadi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch; INSERM U980, Necker Medical School; Paris, 75015 France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Imagine Institute; Paris 75015; France, EU
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch; INSERM U980, Necker Medical School; Paris, 75015 France, EU
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP; Necker Enfants Malades Hospital; Paris, 75015; France, EU
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit; Necker Hospital; Paris, 75015; France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Imagine Institute; Paris 75015; France, EU
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch; INSERM U980, Necker Medical School; Paris, 75015 France, EU
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit; Necker Hospital; Paris, 75015; France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Imagine Institute; Paris 75015; France, EU
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Adult Immunopathology Unit; Saint-Louis Hospital; Paris, 75010; France, EU
- Paris Diderot University, Paris 7, Paris, 75013; France, EU
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch; INSERM U980, Necker Medical School; Paris, 75015 France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Imagine Institute; Paris 75015; France, EU
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland, OH 44195; USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch; The Rockefeller University; New York, NY, 10065; USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch; INSERM U980, Necker Medical School; Paris, 75015 France, EU
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit; Necker Hospital; Paris, 75015; France, EU
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Imagine Institute; Paris 75015; France, EU
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Abstract
The interleukin 17 (IL-17) family, a subset of cytokines consisting of IL-17A-F, plays crucial roles in host defense against microbial organisms and in the development of inflammatory diseases. Although IL-17A is the signature cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, IL-17A and other IL-17 family cytokines have multiple sources ranging from immune cells to non-immune cells. The IL-17 family signals via their correspondent receptors and activates downstream pathways that include NFκB, MAPKs and C/EBPs to induce the expression of anti-microbial peptides, cytokines and chemokines. The proximal adaptor Act1 is a common mediator during the signaling of all IL-17 cytokines so far and is thus involved in IL-17 mediated host defense and IL-17-driven autoimmune conditions. This review will give an overview and recent updates on the IL-17 family, the activation and regulation of IL-17 signaling as well as diseases associated with this cytokine family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Gu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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50
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Interleukin-33-dependent innate lymphoid cells mediate hepatic fibrosis. Immunity 2013; 39:357-71. [PMID: 23954132 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a consequence of chronic liver diseases and thus a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Clinical evidence and animal studies suggest that local tissue homeostasis is disturbed due to immunological responses to chronic hepatocellular stress. Poorly defined stress-associated inflammatory networks are thought to mediate gradual accumulation of extracellular-matrix components, ultimately leading to fibrosis and liver failure. Here we have reported that hepatic expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) was both required and sufficient for severe hepatic fibrosis in vivo. We have demonstrated that IL-33's profibrotic effects related to activation and expansion of liver resident innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). We identified ILC2-derived IL-13, acting through type-II IL-4 receptor-dependent signaling via the transcription factor STAT6 and hepatic stellate-cell activation, as a critical downstream cytokine of IL-33-dependent pathologic tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Our data reveal key immunological networks implicated in hepatic fibrosis and support the concept of modulation of IL-33 bioactivity for therapeutic purposes.
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