1
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Boulard P, Azzopardi N, Levard R, Cornec JM, Lamamy J, Prieur B, Demattei MV, Watier H, Gatault P, Gouilleux-Gruart V. Albumin influences leucocyte FcRn expression in the early days of kidney transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:307-317. [PMID: 38353127 PMCID: PMC11097912 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
FcRn, a receptor originally known for its involvement in IgG and albumin transcytosis and recycling, is also important in the establishment of the innate and adaptive immune response. Dysregulation of the immune response has been associated with variations in FcRn expression, as observed in cancer. Recently, a link between autophagy and FcRn expression has been demonstrated. Knowing that autophagy is strongly involved in the development of reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation and that albuminemia is transiently decreased in the first 2 weeks after transplantation, we investigated variations in FcRn expression after kidney transplantation. We monitored FcRn levels by flow cytometry in leukocytes from 25 renal transplant patients and considered parameters such as albumin concentrations, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, serum IgG levels, and ischaemia/reperfusion time. Two groups of patients could be distinguished according to their increased or non-increased FcRn expression levels between days 2 and 6 (d2-d6) post-transplantation. Leukocyte FcRn expression at d2-d6 was correlated with albumin concentrations at d0-d2. These results suggest that albumin concentrations at d0-d2 influence FcRn expression at d2-d6, raising new questions about the mechanisms underlying these original observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boulard
- Centre d’Étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR) U1100 INSERM, Tours, France
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
| | | | - Romain Levard
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
| | | | - Juliette Lamamy
- EA7501 GICC, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours,France
| | | | | | - Hervé Watier
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
- EA7501 GICC, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours,France
| | - Philippe Gatault
- EA4245 T2I, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours,France
- Service de Néphrologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
| | - Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart
- Laboratoire d’immunologie, CHU de Tours, Tours,France
- EA7501 GICC, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Tours,France
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2
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Macri C, Paxman M, Jenika D, Lin XP, Elahi Z, Gleeson PA, Caminschi I, Lahoud MH, Villadangos JA, Mintern JD. FcRn regulates antigen presentation in dendritic cells downstream of DEC205-targeted vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:76. [PMID: 38594284 PMCID: PMC11003989 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-targeted vaccination is a new mode of antigen delivery that relies on the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to target antigen to specific DC subsets. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a non-classical Fc receptor that binds to immunoglobulin G (IgG) in acidified endosomes and controls its intracellular transport and recycling. FcRn is known to participate in the antigen presentation of immune complexes, however its contribution to DC-targeted vaccination has not previously been examined. Here we have investigated the role of FcRn in antigen presentation using antigen conjugated to IgG mAb which target specific DC receptors, including DEC205 and Clec9A expressed by the conventional DC 1 (cDC1) subset. We show that FcRn is expressed at high levels by cDC1, both at steady-state and following activation and plays a significant role in MHC I cross-presentation and MHC II presentation of antigens that are targeted to cDC1 via mAb specific for DEC205. This effect of FcRn is intrinsic to cDC1 and FcRn impacts the efficacy of anti-DEC205-mediated vaccination against B cell lymphoma. In contrast, FcRn does not impact presentation of antigens targeted to Clec9A and does not regulate presentation of cell-associated antigen. These data highlight a new and unique role of FcRn in controlling the immunogenicity of anti-DEC205-based vaccination, with consequences for exploiting this pathway to improve DC-targeted vaccine outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew Paxman
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Devi Jenika
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Xiao Peng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Zahra Elahi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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3
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Guo Y, Remaily BC, Thomas J, Kim K, Kulp SK, Mace TA, Ganesan LP, Owen DH, Coss CC, Phelps MA. Antibody Drug Clearance: An Underexplored Marker of Outcomes with Checkpoint Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:942-958. [PMID: 37921739 PMCID: PMC10922515 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has dramatically changed the clinical landscape for several cancers, and ICI use continues to expand across many cancer types. Low baseline clearance (CL) and/or a large reduction of CL during treatment correlates with better clinical response and longer survival. Similar phenomena have also been reported with other monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in cancer and other diseases, highlighting a characteristic of mAb clinical pharmacology that is potentially shared among various mAbs and diseases. Though tempting to attribute poor outcomes to low drug exposure and arguably low target engagement due to high CL, such speculation is not supported by the relatively flat exposure-response relationship of most ICIs, where a higher dose or exposure is not likely to provide additional benefit. Instead, an elevated and/or increasing CL could be a surrogate marker of the inherent resistant phenotype that cannot be reversed by maximizing drug exposure. The mechanisms connecting ICI clearance, therapeutic efficacy, and resistance are unclear and likely to be multifactorial. Therefore, to explore the potential of ICI CL as an early marker for efficacy, this review highlights the similarities and differences of CL characteristics and CL-response relationships for all FDA-approved ICIs, and we compare and contrast these to selected non-ICI mAbs. We also discuss underlying mechanisms that potentially link mAb CL with efficacy and highlight existing knowledge gaps and future directions where more clinical and preclinical investigations are warranted to clearly understand the value of baseline and/or time-varying CL in predicting response to ICI-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bryan C. Remaily
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Justin Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samuel K. Kulp
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Latha P. Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Dwight H. Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mitch A. Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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4
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Armitage CW, O'Meara CP, Bryan ER, Kollipara A, Trim LK, Hickey D, Carey AJ, Huston WM, Donnelly G, Yazdani A, Blumberg RS, Beagley KW. IgG exacerbates genital chlamydial pathology in females by enhancing pathogenic CD8 + T cell responses. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13331. [PMID: 38441219 PMCID: PMC10909563 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infections are an important sexually transmitted infection that can lead to inflammation, scarring and hydrosalpinx/infertility. However, infections are commonly clinically asymptomatic and do not receive treatment. The underlying cause of asymptomatic immunopathology remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that IgG produced during male infection enhanced the incidence of immunopathology and infertility in females. Human endocervical cells expressing the neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) increased translocation of human IgG-opsonized C. trachomatis. Using total IgG purified from infected male mice, we opsonized C. muridarum and then infected female mice, mimicking sexual transmission. Following infection, IgG-opsonized Chlamydia was found to transcytose the epithelial barrier in the uterus, where it was phagocytosed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and trafficked to the draining lymph nodes. APCs then expanded both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations and caused significantly more infertility in female mice infected with non-opsonized Chlamydia. Enhanced phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized Chlamydia significantly increased pro-inflammatory signalling and T cell proliferation. As IgG is transcytosed by FcRn, we utilized FcRn-/- mice and observed that shedding kinetics of Chlamydia were only affected in FcRn-/- mice infected with IgG-opsonized Chlamydia. Depletion of CD8+ T cells in FcRn-/- mice lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of infertility. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IgG seroconversion during male infection can amplify female immunopathology, dependent on FcRn transcytosis, APC differentiation and enhanced CD8 T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Armitage
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Connor P. O'Meara
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Drop Bio Ltd, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (BABS)University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emily R. Bryan
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Avinash Kollipara
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Logan K. Trim
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Danica Hickey
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Wilhelmina M. Huston
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology (UTS) SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gavin Donnelly
- Queensland Fertility Group (QFG)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Anusch Yazdani
- Queensland Fertility Group (QFG)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineBrigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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5
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Dylewski JF, Haddad G, Blaine J. Exploiting the neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor to treat kidney disease. Kidney Int 2024; 105:54-64. [PMID: 38707675 PMCID: PMC11068363 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was initially discovered as the receptor that allowed passive immunity in newborns by transporting maternal IgG through the placenta and enterocytes. Since its initial discovery, FcRn has been found to exist throughout all stages of life and in many different cell types. Beyond passive immunity, FcRn is necessary for intrinsic albumin and IgG recycling and is important for antigen processing and presentation. Given its multiple important roles, FcRn has been utilized in many disease treatments including a new class of agents that were developed to inhibit FcRn for treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases. Certain cell populations within the kidney also express high levels of this receptor. Specifically, podocytes, proximal tubule epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells have been found to utilize FcRn. In this review, we summarize what is known about FcRn and its function within the kidney. We also discuss how FcRn has been used for therapeutic benefit, including how newer FcRn inhibiting agents are being used to treat autoimmune diseases. Lastly, we will discuss what renal diseases may respond to FcRn inhibitors and how further work studying FcRn within the kidney may lead to therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Dylewski
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - George Haddad
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Judith Blaine
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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6
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Vu TT, Kim K, Manna M, Thomas J, Remaily BC, Montgomery EJ, Costa T, Granchie L, Xie Z, Guo Y, Chen M, Castillo AMM, Kulp SK, Mo X, Nimmagadda S, Gregorevic P, Owen DH, Ganesan LP, Mace TA, Coss CC, Phelps MA. Decoupling FcRn and tumor contributions to elevated immune checkpoint inhibitor clearance in cancer cachexia. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107048. [PMID: 38145833 PMCID: PMC10798214 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
High baseline clearance of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), independent of dose or systemic exposure, is associated with cachexia and poor outcomes in cancer patients. Mechanisms linking ICI clearance, cachexia and ICI therapy failure are unknown. Here, we evaluate in four murine models and across multiple antibodies whether altered baseline catabolic clearance of administered antibody requires a tumor and/or cachexia and whether medical reversal of cachexia phenotype can alleviate altered clearance. Key findings include mild cachexia phenotype and lack of elevated pembrolizumab clearance in the MC38 tumor-bearing model. We also observed severe cachexia and decreased, instead of increased, baseline pembrolizumab clearance in the tumor-free cisplatin-induced cachexia model. Liver Fcgrt expression correlated with altered baseline catabolic clearance, though elevated clearance was still observed with antibodies having no (human IgA) or reduced (human H310Q IgG1) FcRn binding. We conclude cachexia phenotype coincides with altered antibody clearance, though tumor presence is neither sufficient nor necessary for altered clearance in immunocompetent mice. Magnitude and direction of clearance alteration correlated with hepatic Fcgrt, suggesting changes in FcRn expression and/or recycling function may be partially responsible, though factors beyond FcRn also contribute to altered clearance in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T Vu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Millennium Manna
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Justin Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bryan C Remaily
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emma J Montgomery
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Travis Costa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren Granchie
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhiliang Xie
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yizhen Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alyssa Marie M Castillo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology and Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH , USA; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Latha P Ganesan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A Mace
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH , USA; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher C Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC - James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH , USA; The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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7
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Song DH, Yang J, Kim CH, Kim MH, Jo JY, Baek JC. FcRn Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Its Association with Clinicopathologic Features. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3660. [PMID: 38132243 PMCID: PMC10742809 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) has robust molecular diagnostic evidence that correlates well with prognosis. In various types of cancers, FcRn has been identified as an early marker for prognosis. This study aims to assess FcRn expression and its association with clinicopathological features in endometrial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed a tissue microarray (TMA) from a retrospective cohort of 41 patients diagnosed with endometrioid endometrial cancer post hysterectomy between January 2002 and December 2009 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Relevant clinical data collection for the cohort involved reviewing patients' electronic medical charts. FcRn expression in microarrays of patient EC tissue was examined in conjunction with clinicopathologic data. Experiments, including siRNA knock-down, PCR mRNA semiquantification, Western blot, and confluence change tests, were conducted on the Ishikawa cell line. RESULTS The overall FcRn expression rate in EC patients was 41.8%. FIGO stage showed a statistically significant relationship with FcRn expression, while age, lymphovascular invasion, myometrial invasion, and tumor size had no effect. In endometrioid cancer cells of FIGO stage IA, FcRn was less frequently expressed than in other high-staged EC patients (p = 0.021). In experiments on the Ishikawa cell line, the siRNA knock-down group exhibited quantitatively lower FCGRT mRNA expression and lower FcRn protein signal compared to the scrambled RNA control group. The change in confluence over time measured at three hotspots did not show a significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the initial assessment of FcRn expression in endometrioid EC samples. FcRn expression was significantly associated with the FIGO stage. Ishikawa cell line proliferation did not significantly change in response to decreased FcRn expression. Further studies are needed to elucidate FcRn expression in EC as a potential molecular parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Song
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea; (D.H.S.); (M.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
| | - Juseok Yang
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
| | - Min Hye Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea; (D.H.S.); (M.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
| | - Jae Yoon Jo
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chul Baek
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.); (C.H.K.); (J.Y.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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8
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Pyzik M, Kozicky LK, Gandhi AK, Blumberg RS. The therapeutic age of the neonatal Fc receptor. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:415-432. [PMID: 36726033 PMCID: PMC9891766 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
IgGs are essential soluble components of the adaptive immune response that evolved to protect the body from infection. Compared with other immunoglobulins, the role of IgGs is distinguished and enhanced by their high circulating levels, long half-life and ability to transfer from mother to offspring, properties that are conferred by interactions with neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). FcRn binds to the Fc portion of IgGs in a pH-dependent manner and protects them from intracellular degradation. It also allows their transport across polarized cells that separate tissue compartments, such as the endothelium and epithelium. Further, it is becoming apparent that FcRn functions to potentiate cellular immune responses when IgGs, bound to their antigens, form IgG immune complexes. Besides the protective role of IgG, IgG autoantibodies are associated with numerous pathological conditions. As such, FcRn blockade is a novel and effective strategy to reduce circulating levels of pathogenic IgG autoantibodies and curtail IgG-mediated diseases, with several FcRn-blocking strategies on the path to therapeutic use. Here, we describe the current state of knowledge of FcRn-IgG immunobiology, with an emphasis on the functional and pathological aspects, and an overview of FcRn-targeted therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pyzik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lisa K Kozicky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit K Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Banushi B, Joseph SR, Lum B, Lee JJ, Simpson F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6. [PMID: 37217781 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a complex process whereby cell surface proteins, lipids and fluid from the extracellular environment are packaged, sorted and internalized into cells. Endocytosis is also a mechanism of drug internalization into cells. There are multiple routes of endocytosis that determine the fate of molecules, from degradation in the lysosomes to recycling back to the plasma membrane. The overall rates of endocytosis and temporal regulation of molecules transiting through endocytic pathways are also intricately linked with signalling outcomes. This process relies on an array of factors, such as intrinsic amino acid motifs and post-translational modifications. Endocytosis is frequently disrupted in cancer. These disruptions lead to inappropriate retention of receptor tyrosine kinases on the tumour cell membrane, changes in the recycling of oncogenic molecules, defective signalling feedback loops and loss of cell polarity. In the past decade, endocytosis has emerged as a pivotal regulator of nutrient scavenging, response to and regulation of immune surveillance and tumour immune evasion, tumour metastasis and therapeutic drug delivery. This Review summarizes and integrates these advances into the understanding of endocytosis in cancer. The potential to regulate these pathways in the clinic to improve cancer therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerida Banushi
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon R Joseph
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benedict Lum
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason J Lee
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Toshkova N, Zhelyazkova V, Justesen S, Dimitrov JD. Conservative pattern of interaction of bat and human IgG antibodies with FcRn. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104579. [PMID: 36272453 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, numerous studies report bats as reservoirs of emerging pathogens with little to no signs of infections. This is thought to be connected to the unique immune system of bats, which remains poorly characterized. Despite the physiological importance of the Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the homeostasis of IgG antibodies, it is unclear how its functional activity is evolutionary conservative among mammals, and so is the case for bats. Using surface plasmon resonance-based technology, we tested the interactions of IgG antibodies isolated from three bat species with recombinant human and mouse FcRn. Our data show that IgG from the studied bat species binds to both human and mouse FcRn, albeit with distinct affinities. Importantly, the binding pattern of bat IgG is similar to human IgG. This confirms the conservative nature of IgG-FcRn interaction and highlights the importance of FcRn IgG salvaging system in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Toshkova
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Violeta Zhelyazkova
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sune Justesen
- Immunitrack Aps, Lersoe Park Alle 42, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.
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11
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Zhu W, Wu J, Huang J, Xiao D, Li F, Wu C, Li X, Zeng H, Zheng J, Lai W, Wen X. Multi-omics analysis reveals a macrophage-related marker gene signature for prognostic prediction, immune landscape, genomic heterogeneity, and drug choices in prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122670. [PMID: 37122696 PMCID: PMC10140525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophages are components of the innate immune system and can play an anti-tumor or pro-tumor role in the tumor microenvironment owing to their high heterogeneity and plasticity. Meanwhile, prostate cancer (PCa) is an immune-sensitive tumor, making it essential to investigate the value of macrophage-associated networks in its prognosis and treatment. Methods Macrophage-related marker genes (MRMGs) were identified through the comprehensive analysis of single-cell sequencing data from GSE141445 and the impact of macrophages on PCa was evaluated using consensus clustering of MRMGs in the TCGA database. Subsequently, a macrophage-related marker gene prognostic signature (MRMGPS) was constructed by LASSO-Cox regression analysis and grouped based on the median risk score. The predictive ability of MRMGPS was verified by experiments, survival analysis, and nomogram in the TCGA cohort and GEO-Merged cohort. Additionally, immune landscape, genomic heterogeneity, tumor stemness, drug sensitivity, and molecular docking were conducted to explore the relationship between MRMGPS and the tumor immune microenvironment, therapeutic response, and drug selection. Results We identified 307 MRMGs and verified that macrophages had a strong influence on the development and progression of PCa. Furthermore, we showed that the MRMGPS constructed with 9 genes and the predictive nomogram had excellent predictive ability in both the TCGA and GEO-Merged cohorts. More importantly, we also found the close relationship between MRMGPS and the tumor immune microenvironment, therapeutic response, and drug selection by multi-omics analysis. Discussion Our study reveals the application value of MRMGPS in predicting the prognosis of PCa patients. It also provides a novel perspective and theoretical basis for immune research and drug choices for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weian Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjie Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiongduan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengao Li
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China
| | - Chenglun Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Health Care, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hengda Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Lai
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingqiao Wen, ; Wenjie Lai,
| | - Xingqiao Wen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingqiao Wen, ; Wenjie Lai,
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12
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Chen X, Liu X, Jiang Y, Xia N, Liu C, Luo W. Abnormally primed CD8 T cells: The Achilles' heel of CHB. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106700. [PMID: 36936922 PMCID: PMC10014547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health challenge, and more than 250 million people around world are infected with HBV. The clearance of HBV with virus-specific CD8 T cells is critical for a functional cure. However, naïve HBV-specific CD8 T cells are heavily hindered during the priming process, and this phenomenon is closely related to abnormal cell and signal interactions in the complex immune microenvironment. Here, we briefly summarize the recent progress in understanding the abnormal priming of HBV-specific CD8 T cells and some corresponding immunotherapies to facilitate their functional recovery, which provides a novel perspective for the design and development of immunotherapy for chronic HBV infection (CHB). Finally, we also highlight the balance between viral clearance and pathological liver injury induced by CD8 T-cell activation that should be carefully considered during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yichao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxin Luo, ; Chao Liu,
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxin Luo, ; Chao Liu,
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13
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Lamamy J, Larue A, Mariot J, Dhommée C, Demattei MV, Delneste Y, Gouilleux-Gruart V. The neonatal Fc receptor expression during macrophage differentiation is related to autophagy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054425. [PMID: 36389739 PMCID: PMC9663809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays a central role in recycling and biodistributing immunoglobulin G. FcRn is also involved in many physiological immune functions as well as pathological immune responses in cancer or autoimmune diseases. Low levels of FcRn in tumor cells and the microenvironment is associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancers. Among cells that are present in the tumor microenvironment, macrophages express high levels of FcRn. Macrophages are involved in these pathophysiological contexts by their dual differentiation states of pro- or anti-inflammatory macrophages. However, variations in FcRn protein expression have not been described in macrophage subtypes. In this work, we studied FcRn expression in an in vitro model of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation. We demonstrated an inverse relation between FcRn protein and mRNA expression in macrophage populations. Autophagy, which is involved in protein degradation and acquisition of phagocytic function in macrophages, participated in regulating FcRn levels. Intravenous immunoglobulin protected FcRn against autophagosome degradation in anti-inflammatory macrophages. Our data demonstrate that autophagy participates in regulating FcRn expression in pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages. This finding raises new questions concerning the regulation of FcRn in immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yves Delneste
- CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, Inserm, CNRS, Angers and Nantes University, Angers, France
- Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart
- EA 7501 GICC, Tours University, Tours, France
- Laboratory of Immunology, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie Gouilleux-Gruart,
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14
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Yang R, Zhang W, Shang X, Chen H, Mu X, Zhang Y, Zheng Q, Wang X, Liu Y. Neutrophil-related genes predict prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1013672. [PMID: 36339597 PMCID: PMC9635818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in the occurrence and development of cancer. However, the relationship between neutrophils and cancer prognosis remains unclear due to their great plasticity and diversity. To explore the effects of neutrophils on the clinical outcome of bladder cancer, we acquired and analyzed gene expression data and clinical information of bladder cancer patients from IMvigor210 cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA) database. We established a neutrophil-based prognostic model incorporating five neutrophil-related genes (EMR3, VNN1, FCGRT, HIST1H2BC, and MX1) and the predictive value of the model was validated in both an internal and an external validation cohort. Multivariate Cox regression analysis further proved that the model remained an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and a nomogram was constructed for clinical practice. Additionally, FCGRT was identified as the key neutrophil-related gene linked to an adverse prognosis of bladder cancer. Up-regulation of FCGRT indicated activated cancer metabolism, immunosuppressive tumor environment, and dysregulated functional status of immune cells. FCGRT overexpression was also correlated with decreased expression of PD-L1 and low levels of tumor mutation burden (TMB). FCGRT predicted a poor response to immunotherapy and had a close correlation with chemotherapy sensitivity. Taken together, a novel prognostic model was developed based on the expression level of neutrophil-related genes. FCGRT served as a promising candidate biomarker for anti-cancer drug response, which may contribute to individualized prognostic prediction and may contribute to clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Third People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanguo Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
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15
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Heterogeneity and Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating Antibody Secreting Cells: Lessons from Breast, Ovarian, and Other Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194800. [PMID: 36230721 PMCID: PMC9563085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B cells are gaining increasing recognition as important contributors to the tumor microenvironment, influencing, positively or negatively, tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. Antibody secreting cells (ASCs) constitute a variable fraction of tumor-infiltrating B cells in most solid tumors, and they produce tumor-specific antibodies that can drive distinct immune responses depending on their isotypes and specificities. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the heterogeneity of ASCs infiltrating solid tumors and how both their canonical and noncanonical functions shape antitumor immunity, with a special emphasis on breast and ovarian cancers. Abstract Neglected for a long time in cancer, B cells and ASCs have recently emerged as critical actors in the tumor microenvironment, with important roles in shaping the antitumor immune response. ASCs indeed exert a major influence on tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. The mechanisms underlying their pro- vs. anti-tumor roles are beginning to be elucidated, revealing the contributions of their secreted antibodies as well as of their emerging noncanonical functions. Here, concentrating mostly on ovarian and breast cancers, we summarize the current knowledge on the heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating ASCs, we discuss their possible local or systemic origin in relation to their immunoglobulin repertoire, and we review the different mechanisms by which antibody (Ab) subclasses and isoforms differentially impact tumor cells and anti-tumor immunity. We also discuss the emerging roles of cytokines and other immune modulators produced by ASCs in cancer. Finally, we propose strategies to manipulate the tumor ASC compartment to improve cancer therapies.
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Cruz AR, Bentlage AEH, Blonk R, de Haas CJC, Aerts PC, Scheepmaker LM, Bouwmeester IG, Lux A, van Strijp JAG, Nimmerjahn F, van Kessel KPM, Vidarsson G, Rooijakkers SHM. Toward Understanding How Staphylococcal Protein A Inhibits IgG-Mediated Phagocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1146-1155. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IgG molecules are crucial for the human immune response against bacterial infections. IgGs can trigger phagocytosis by innate immune cells, like neutrophils. To do so, IgGs should bind to the bacterial surface via their variable Fab regions and interact with Fcγ receptors and complement C1 via the constant Fc domain. C1 binding to IgG-labeled bacteria activates the complement cascade, which results in bacterial decoration with C3-derived molecules that are recognized by complement receptors on neutrophils. Next to FcγRs and complement receptors on the membrane, neutrophils also express the intracellular neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). We previously reported that staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a key immune-evasion protein of Staphylococcus aureus, potently blocks IgG-mediated complement activation and killing of S. aureus by interfering with IgG hexamer formation. SpA is also known to block IgG-mediated phagocytosis in absence of complement, but the mechanism behind it remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that SpA blocks IgG-mediated phagocytosis and killing of S. aureus and that it inhibits the interaction of IgGs with FcγRs (FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIb, but not FcγRI) and FcRn. Furthermore, our data show that multiple SpA domains are needed to effectively block IgG1-mediated phagocytosis. This provides a rationale for the fact that SpA from S. aureus contains four to five repeats. Taken together, our study elucidates the molecular mechanism by which SpA blocks IgG-mediated phagocytosis and supports the idea that in addition to FcγRs, the intracellular FcRn is also prevented from binding IgG by SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Cruz
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- †Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Robin Blonk
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J. C. de Haas
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Piet C. Aerts
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette M. Scheepmaker
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge G. Bouwmeester
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Lux
- ‡Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jos A. G. van Strijp
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- ‡Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kok P. M. van Kessel
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- †Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- *Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Hameedat F, Pizarroso NA, Teixeira N, Pinto S, Sarmento B. Functionalized FcRn-targeted nanosystems for oral drug delivery: A new approach to colorectal cancer treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 176:106259. [PMID: 35842140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second type of cancer with the highest lethality rate. The current chemotherapy to treat CRC causes systemic toxicity, unsatisfying response rate, and low tumor-specific selectivity, which is mainly administered by invasive routes. The chronic and aggressive nature of cancers may require long-term regimens. Thus, the oral route is preferred. However, the orally administered drugs still need to surpass the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and the biological barriers. Nanotechnology is a promising strategy to overcome the oral route limitations. Targeted nanoparticle systems decorated with functional groups can enhance the delivery of anticancer agents to tumor sites. It is described in the literature that the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is expressed in cancer tissue and overexpressed in CRC epithelial cells. However, the impact of FcRn-targeted nanosystems in the treatment of CRC has been poorly investigated. This review article discusses the current knowledge on the involvement of the FcRn in CRC, as well as to critically assess its relevance as a target for further localization of oral nanocarriers in CRC tumor cells. Finally, a brief overview of cancer therapeutics, strategies to design the nanoparticles of anticancer drugs and a review of decorated nanoparticles with FcRn moieties are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hameedat
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; NANOMED EMJMD, Pharmacy School, Faculty of Health, University of Angers, France; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal
| | - Nuria A Pizarroso
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal
| | - Natália Teixeira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Soraia Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; CESPU - IUCS, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal.
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Monoclonal Antibody Engineering and Design to Modulate FcRn Activities: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179604. [PMID: 36077002 PMCID: PMC9455995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the pH-dependent nature of FcRn binding, as well as the various factors influencing the affinity to FcRn, was concurrent with the arrival of the first recombinant IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and IgG Fc-fusion proteins in clinical practice. IgG Fc–FcRn became a central subject of interest for the development of these drugs for the comfort of patients and good clinical responses. In this review, we describe (i) mAb mutations close to and outside the FcRn binding site, increasing the affinity for FcRn at acidic pH and leading to enhanced mAb half-life and biodistribution, and (ii) mAb mutations increasing the affinity for FcRn at acidic and neutral pH, blocking FcRn binding and resulting, in vivo, in endogenous IgG degradation. Mutations modifying FcRn binding are discussed in association with pH-dependent modulation of antigen binding and (iii) anti-FcRn mAbs, two of the latest innovations in anti-FcRn mAbs leading to endogenous IgG depletion. We discuss the pharmacological effects, the biological consequences, and advantages of targeting IgG–FcRn interactions and their application in human therapeutics.
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Antigen-bearing outer membrane vesicles as tumour vaccines produced in situ by ingested genetically engineered bacteria. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:898-909. [PMID: 35501399 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The complex gastrointestinal environment and the intestinal epithelial barrier constrain the design and effectiveness of orally administered tumour vaccines. Here we show that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) fused to a tumour antigen and produced in the intestine by ingested genetically engineered bacteria function as effective tumour vaccines in mice. We modified Escherichia coli to express, under the control of a promoter induced by the monosaccharide arabinose, a specific tumour antigen fused with the protein cytolysin A on the surface of OMVs released by the commensal bacteria. In mice, oral administration of arabinose and the genetically engineered E. coli led to the production of OMVs that crossed the intestinal epithelium into the lamina propria, where they stimulated dendritic cell maturation. In a mouse model of pulmonary metastatic melanoma and in mice bearing subcutaneous colon tumours, the antigen-bearing OMVs inhibited tumour growth and protected the animals against tumour re-challenge. The in situ production of OMVs by genetically modified commensal bacteria for the delivery of stimulatory molecules could be leveraged for the development of other oral vaccines and therapeutics.
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Thomas J, Torok MA, Agrawal K, Pfau T, Vu TT, Lyberger J, Chang H, Castillo AMM, Chen M, Remaily B, Kim K, Xie Z, Dillhoff ME, Kulp SK, Behbehani GK, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Ganesan LP, Owen DH, Phelps MA, Coss CC, Mace TA. The Neonatal Fc Receptor Is Elevated in Monocyte-Derived Immune Cells in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7066. [PMID: 35806069 PMCID: PMC9266939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is responsible for recycling of IgG antibodies and albumin throughout the body. This mechanism has been exploited for pharmaceutic delivery across an array of diseases to either enhance or diminish this function. Monoclonal antibodies and albumin-bound nanoparticles are examples of FcRn-dependent anti-cancer therapeutics. Despite its importance in drug delivery, little is known about FcRn expression in circulating immune cells. Through time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) we were able to characterize FcRn expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients and non-cancer donors. Furthermore, we were able to replicate these findings in an orthotopic murine model of PDAC. Altogether, we found that in both patients and mice with PDAC, FcRn was elevated in migratory and resident classical dendritic cell type 2 (cDC2) as well as monocytic and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations compared to tumor-free controls. Furthermore, PBMCs from PDAC patients had elevated monocyte, dendritic cells and MDSCs relative to non-cancer donor PBMCs. Future investigations into FcRn activity may further elucidate possible mechanisms of poor efficacy of antibody immunotherapies in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Molly A. Torok
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Kriti Agrawal
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Timothy Pfau
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Trang T. Vu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Justin Lyberger
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (H.C.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Hsiaochi Chang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (H.C.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Alyssa Marie M. Castillo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Min Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Bryan Remaily
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Zhiliang Xie
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Mary E. Dillhoff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Samuel K. Kulp
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Gregory K. Behbehani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (H.C.); (G.K.B.)
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Latha P. Ganesan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Dwight H. Owen
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mitch A. Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.T.); (T.T.V.); (A.M.M.C.); (M.C.); (B.R.); (K.K.); (Z.X.); (S.K.K.); (M.A.P.)
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.A.T.); (K.A.); (T.P.); (Z.C.-M.); (D.H.O.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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21
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Fleming A, Castro‐Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. B cell class switching in intestinal immunity in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13139. [PMID: 34978077 PMCID: PMC9285483 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of commensal microorganisms that collectively form the microbiome and make essential contributions to organism homeostasis. The intestinal immune system must tolerate these beneficial commensals, whilst preventing pathogenic organisms from systemic spread. Humoral immunity plays a key role in this process, with large quantities of immunoglobulin (Ig)A secreted into the lumen on a daily basis, regulating the microbiome and preventing bacteria from encroaching on the epithelium. However, there is an increasing appreciation of the role of IgG antibodies in intestinal immunity, including beneficial effects in neonatal immune development, pathogen and tumour resistance, but also of pathological effects in driving chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These antibody isotypes differ in effector function, with IgG exhibiting more proinflammatory capabilities compared with IgA. Therefore, the process that leads to the generation of different antibody isotypes, class-switch recombination (CSR), requires careful regulation and is orchestrated by the immunological cues generated by the prevalent local challenge. In general, an initiating signal such as CD40 ligation on B cells leads to the induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), but a second cytokine-mediated signal determines which Ig heavy chain is expressed. Whilst the cytokines driving intestinal IgA responses are well-studied, there is less clarity on how IgG responses are generated in the intestine, and how these cues might become dysfunctional in IBD. Here, we review the key mechanisms regulating class switching to IgA vs IgG in the intestine, processes that could be therapeutically manipulated in infection and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tomas Castro‐Dopico
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cellular GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUK
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22
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Interleukin-37 promotes colitis-associated carcinogenesis via SIGIRR-mediated cytotoxic T cells dysfunction. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:19. [PMID: 35046386 PMCID: PMC8770466 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-37b (hereafter called IL-37) was identified as fundamental inhibitor of natural and acquired immunity. The molecular mechanism and function of IL-37 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been elusive. Here, we found that IL-37 transgenic (IL-37tg) mice were highly susceptible to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and suffered from dramatically increased tumor burdens in colon. Nevertheless, IL-37 is dispensable for intestinal mutagenesis, and CRC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Notably, IL-37 dampened protective cytotoxic T cell-mediated immunity in CAC and B16-OVA models. CD8+ T cell dysfunction is defined by reduced retention and activation as well as failure to proliferate and produce cytotoxic cytokines in IL-37tg mice, enabling tumor evasion of immune surveillance. The dysfunction led by IL-37 antagonizes IL-18-induced proliferation and effector function of CD8+ T cells, which was dependent on SIGIRR (single immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor-related protein). Finally, we observed that IL-37 levels were significantly increased in CRC patients, and positively correlated with serum CRC biomarker CEA levels, but negatively correlated with the CD8+ T cell infiltration in CRC patients. Our findings highlight the role of IL-37 in harnessing antitumor immunity by inactivation of cytotoxic T cells and establish a new defined inhibitory factor IL-37/SIGIRR in cancer-immunity cycle as therapeutic targets in CRC.
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23
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Baumrucker CR, Macrina AL, Bruckmaier RM. Colostrogenesis: Role and Mechanism of the Bovine Fc Receptor of the Neonate (FcRn). J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:419-453. [PMID: 35080749 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colostrogenesis is a separate and unique phase of mammary epithelial cell activity occurring in the weeks before parturition and rather abruptly ending after birth in the bovine. It has been the focus of research to define what controls this process and how it produces high concentrations of specific biologically active components important for the neonate. In this review we consider colostrum composition and focus upon components that appear in first milked colostrum in concentrations exceeding that in blood serum. The Fc Receptor of the Neonate (FcRn) is recognized as the major immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin binding protein that accounts for the proteins' long half-lives. We integrate the action of the pinocytotic (fluid phase) uptake of extracellular components and merge them with FcRn in sorting endosomes. We define and explore the means of binding, sorting, and the transcytotic delivery of IgG1 while recycling IgG2 and albumin. We consider the means of releasing the ligands from the receptor within the endosome and describe a new secretion mechanism of cargo release into colostrum without the appearance of FcRn itself in colostrum. We integrate the insulin-like growth factor family, some of which are highly concentrated bioactive components of colostrum, with the mechanisms related to FcRn endosome action. In addition to secretion, we highlight the recent findings of a role of the FcRn in phagocytosis and antigen presentation and relate its significant and abrupt change in cellular location after parturition to a role in the prevention and resistance to mastitis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Baumrucker
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ann L Macrina
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rupert M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Nawab DH. Vaccinal antibodies: Fc antibody engineering to improve the antiviral antibody response and induce vaccine-like effects. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5532-5545. [PMID: 34844516 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1985891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the urgent clinical need for efficient virus therapies and vaccines. Although the functional importance of antibodies is indisputable in viral infections, there are still significant unmet needs that require vast improvements in antibody-based therapeutics. The IgG Fc domain can be engineered to produce antibodies with tailored and potent responses that will meet these clinical demands. Engaging Fc receptors (FcRs) to perform effector functions as cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, complement activation, intracellular neutralization and controlling antibody persistence. Furthermore, it produces vaccine-like effects by activating signals to stimulate T-cell responses, have proven to be required for protection, as neutralization alone does not off the full protection capacity of antibodies. This review highlights antiviral Fc functions and FcRs' contributions in linking innate and adaptive immunity against viral threats. Moreover, it provides the latest Fc engineering strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of human antiviral antibodies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhuha H Nawab
- Pharmacy Department, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Yanis R, Bergua C, Christelle B, Maillot F, Bigot A, Beurier P, Ferreira-Maldent N, Diot E, Gouilleux-Gruart V. Neonatal Fc receptor expression in lymphoid and myeloid cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2021; 30:1938-1945. [PMID: 34634960 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211045049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a ubiquitously expressed protein historically involved in IgG and albumin recycling. Recent data suggest an involvement in the pathophysiology of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. Among them, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) implies clinical and biological abnormalities of innate and adaptive circulating immune cells, potentially involving newly described functions of FcRn. In this study, FcRn expression was assessed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood leukocytes of 41 SLE patients with either active or inactive disease and 32 healthy donors. FcRn expression in B cells, natural killer cells, and T cells of SLE patients was statistically lower as compared to healthy donors. Conversely, FcRn level was statistically higher in non-classical monocyte subpopulations (CD14+CD16+ monocytes) of SLE patients versus healthy donors providing an interesting perspective to further explore its role in SLE pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdani Yanis
- Groupement Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire EA, 26928Tours University, Tours, France.,Internal Medicine Unit, 26928University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Cécile Bergua
- Groupement Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire EA, 26928Tours University, Tours, France
| | | | - François Maillot
- Internal Medicine Unit, 26928University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Adrien Bigot
- Internal Medicine Unit, 26928University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Pauline Beurier
- Internal Medicine Unit, 26928University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Diot
- Internal Medicine Unit, 26928University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
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26
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Macri C, Morgan H, Villadangos JA, Mintern JD. Regulation of dendritic cell function by Fc-γ-receptors and the neonatal Fc receptor. Mol Immunol 2021; 139:193-201. [PMID: 34560415 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) express receptors to sense pathogens and/or tissue damage and to communicate with other immune cells. Among those receptors, Fc receptors (FcRs) are triggered by the Fc region of antibodies produced during adaptive immunity. In this review, the role of FcγR and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in DC immunity will be discussed. Their expression in DC subsets and impact on antigen uptake and presentation, DC maturation and polarisation of T cell responses will be described. Lastly, we will discuss the importance of FcR-mediated DC function in the context of immunity during viral infection, inflammatory disease, cancer and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Huw Morgan
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3050, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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27
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Mowat C, Mosley SR, Namdar A, Schiller D, Baker K. Anti-tumor immunity in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers requires type I IFN-driven CCL5 and CXCL10. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210108. [PMID: 34297038 PMCID: PMC8313406 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) deficient in DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) contain abundant CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) responding to the abundant neoantigens from their unstable genomes. Priming of such tumor-targeted TILs first requires recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the tumors, implying that this is an essential prerequisite of successful dMMR anti-tumor immunity. We have discovered that selective recruitment and activation of systemic CD8+ T cells into dMMR CRCs strictly depend on overexpression of CCL5 and CXCL10 due to endogenous activation of cGAS/STING and type I IFN signaling by damaged DNA. TIL infiltration into orthotopic dMMR CRCs is neoantigen-independent and followed by induction of a resident memory-like phenotype key to the anti-tumor response. CCL5 and CXCL10 could be up-regulated by common chemotherapies in all CRCs, indicating that facilitating CD8+ T cell recruitment underlies their efficacy. Induction of CCL5 and CXCL10 thus represents a tractable therapeutic strategy to induce TIL recruitment into CRCs, where local priming can be maximized even in neoantigen-poor CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Mowat
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Afshin Namdar
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Daniel Schiller
- Department of Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kristi Baker
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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28
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Guan X, Wu Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Fan Q, Fang S, Qiao S, Sun F, Liang C. Activation of FcRn Mediates a Primary Resistance Response to Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709343. [PMID: 34421602 PMCID: PMC8379008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is the first-line therapeutic option for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many patients exhibit a primary resistance (PR) response after initial treatment. In previous studies, compared to acquired resistance, the mechanism of PR is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the response of patient samples to sorafenib by patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and the differences at the transcriptome level between the sorafenib PR group and the sorafenib sensitive group were analyzed by single-cell sequencing technology. A specific cell cluster may be differentiated by the liver bud hepatic cells, and the JUN transcription factors in this cell cluster were highly activated. The albumin is secreted by other cell clusters, and the cluster stimulates the FcRn complex receptor to activate the HIF pathway and cell proliferation, resulting in a poor response to sorafenib. These findings are validated by both cell communication analysis and experiments. Thus, the current studies provided a novel approach for the treatment of sorafenib-resistant HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chongyang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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29
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Rudnik-Jansen I, Howard KA. FcRn expression in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic opportunities. J Control Release 2021; 337:248-257. [PMID: 34245786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify new cellular targets to expand the repertoire, potency and safety of cancer therapeutics. Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn)-driven cellular recycling plays a predominant role in the prolonged serum half-life of human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) exploited in long-acting cancer drug designs. FcRn-mediated HSA and IgG uptake in epithelial cells and dendritic cell antigen presentation offers new therapeutic opportunities beyond half-life extension. Altered FcRn expression in solid tumours accounting for HSA catabolism or recycling supports a role for FcRn in tumour metabolism and growth. This review addresses the mechanistic basis for different FcRn expression profiles observed in cancer and exploitation for targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, the review highlights FcRn-mediated immunosurveillance and immune therapy. FcRn offers a potential attractive cancer target but in-depth understanding of role and expression profiles during cancer pathogenesis is required for tailoring targeted drug designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Rudnik-Jansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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30
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Sun Y, Estevez A, Schlothauer T, Wecksler AT. Antigen physiochemical properties allosterically effect the IgG Fc-region and Fc neonatal receptor affinity. MAbs 2021; 12:1802135. [PMID: 32795110 PMCID: PMC7531492 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1802135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a key membrane protein that plays an integral role in serum immunoglobulin (IgG) recycling, which extends the half-life of antibody. In addition, FcRn is known to traffic antigen-bound immunoglobulins (Ag-IgGs), and to interact with immune complexes to facilitate the antigen cross-presentation of peptides derived from the immune complexes in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Studies on the IgG-FcRn molecular interactions have primarily focused on the Fc region, and only recently have shown the potential impact of the antigen-binding fragment physiochemical properties on FcRn binding. However, the effect of the antigen physiochemical properties on IgG structure as it relates to Ag-IgG-FcRn binding is not well understood. Here we used an IgG-peptide antigen complex as a model system to investigate the structural effects of the antigen's physiochemical properties on the IgG structure, and the subsequent effects of Ag-IgG-FcRn interactions. We used hydroxyl radical footprinting-mass spectrometry to investigate the structural impact on an IgG upon antigen binding, and observed that the physicochemical properties of the antigen differentially induce conformational changes in the IgG FcRn binding region. The extent of these structural changes directly correlates to the magnitude of the affinity differences between the Ag-IgG complexes and FcRn. Moreover, the antigen's physicochemical properties differentially induce structural differences within the Ag-IgG-FcRn ternary complex. We also provide electron microscopy data that shows corroborating Fab-FcRn interactions, and confirms the hypothesis of potential 2:1 FcRn:IgG binding stoichiometry. These data demonstrate antigen-induced Fc structural rearrangements affect both the affinity toward FcRn and the trimeric antigen-IgG-FcRn complex, providing novel molecular insights in the first steps toward understanding interactions of FcRn-containing large(r)-sized immune complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- Structural Biology, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Penzberg, Germany.,Biological Technologies, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron T Wecksler
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc ., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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31
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Castillo AMM, Vu TT, Liva SG, Chen M, Xie Z, Thomas J, Remaily B, Guo Y, Subrayan UL, Costa T, Helms TH, Irby DJ, Kim K, Owen DH, Kulp SK, Mace TA, Phelps MA, Coss CC. Murine cancer cachexia models replicate elevated catabolic pembrolizumab clearance in humans. JCSM RAPID COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 4:232-244. [PMID: 34514376 PMCID: PMC8420755 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibody (mAb) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have dramatically impacted oncology this past decade. However, only about one-third of patients respond to treatment, and biomarkers to predict responders are lacking. Recent ICI clinical pharmacology data demonstrate high baseline drug clearance (CL0) significantly associates with shorter overall survival, independent of ICI exposure, in patients receiving ICI mAb therapies. This suggests CL0 may predict outcomes from ICI therapy, and cachectic signalling may link elevated CL0 and poor response. Our aim was to determine if mouse models of cancer cachexia will be useful for studying these phenomena and their underlying mechanisms. METHODS We evaluated pembrolizumab CL in the C26 and Lewis lung carcinoma mouse models of cancer cachexia. A single treatment of vehicle or pembrolizumab, at a dose of 2 or 10 mg/kg, was administered intravenously by tail vein injection. Pembrolizumab was quantified by an ELISA in serial plasma samples, and FcRn gene (Fcgrt) expression was assessed in liver using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Non-compartmental and mixed-effects pharmacokinetics analyses were performed. RESULTS We observed higher pembrolizumab CL0 and decreased Fcgrt expression in whole liver tissue from tumour-bearing vs. tumour-free mice. In multivariate analysis, presence of tumour, total murine IgG, muscle weight and Fcgrt expression were significant covariates on CL, and total murine IgG was a significant covariate on V1 and Q. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate increases in catabolic clearance of monoclonal antibodies observed in humans can be replicated in cachectic mice, in which Fcgrt expression is also reduced. Notably, FcRn activity is essential for proper antigen presentation and antitumour immunity, which may permit the study of cachexia's impact on FcRn-mediated clearance and efficacy of ICI therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Marie M. Castillo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Trang T. Vu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Sophia G. Liva
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Min Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Zhiliang Xie
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Justin Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Bryan Remaily
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Yizhen Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Uma L. Subrayan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Travis Costa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Timothy H. Helms
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Donald J. Irby
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Dwight H. Owen
- Division of Medical OncologyThe Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOHUSA
| | - Samuel K. Kulp
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Thomas A. Mace
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
- The Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Mitch A. Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
- The Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Christopher C. Coss
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
- The Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
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32
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Qi T, Cao Y. In Translation: FcRn across the Therapeutic Spectrum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3048. [PMID: 33802650 PMCID: PMC8002405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential modulator of IgG disposition, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) governs the pharmacokinetics and functions many therapeutic modalities. In this review, we thoroughly reexamine the hitherto elucidated biological and thermodynamic properties of FcRn to provide context for our assessment of more recent advances, which covers antigen-binding fragment (Fab) determinants of FcRn affinity, transgenic preclinical models, and FcRn targeting as an immune-complex (IC)-clearing strategy. We further comment on therapeutic antibodies authorized for treating SARS-CoV-2 (bamlanivimab, casirivimab, and imdevimab) and evaluate their potential to saturate FcRn-mediated recycling. Finally, we discuss modeling and simulation studies that probe the quantitative relationship between in vivo IgG persistence and in vitro FcRn binding, emphasizing the importance of endosomal transit parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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33
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Shen T, Liu JL, Wang CY, Rixiati Y, Li S, Cai LD, Zhao YY, Li JM. Targeting Erbin in B cells for therapy of lung metastasis of colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:115. [PMID: 33707428 PMCID: PMC7952714 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and key factors involved in tumor environments for lung metastasis of CRC are still unclear. Here, using clinical samples from lung metastases of CRC patients, we found that intestinal immune network for IgA production was significantly dysregulated in lung metastases of CRC. Single-cell RNA sequencing discovered a subtype of B cells positive for Erbin, one member of the leucine-rich repeat and PDZ domain (LAP) family, was involved in the lung metastases. Erbin deletion in B cells suppressed lung metastasis of CRC in vivo. And, deletion of Erbin in B cells enhanced the killing effects of CD8+ T cells on tumor cells. Mechanistically, Erbin knockout attenuated TGFβ-mediated suppression of migration of CXCR5+ IgA+ cells and STAT6-mediated PD1 expression. Our study uncovered a key role of Erbin in regulating PD1+ IgA+ B cells in lung metastasis of CRC. Targeting Erbin as well as combined use of neutralizing B cells and antibodies neutralizing PD1 suppresses lung metastasis of CRC in mice, suggesting the potential option for treatment of lung metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing-Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Chu-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Shi Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Dong Cai
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China. .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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34
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Hubbard JJ, Pyzik M, Rath T, Kozicky LK, Sand KMK, Gandhi AK, Grevys A, Foss S, Menzies SC, Glickman JN, Fiebiger E, Roopenian DC, Sandlie I, Andersen JT, Sly LM, Baker K, Blumberg RS. FcRn is a CD32a coreceptor that determines susceptibility to IgG immune complex-driven autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151942. [PMID: 32658257 PMCID: PMC7537387 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG immune complexes (ICs) promote autoimmunity through binding fragment crystallizable (Fc) γ-receptors (FcγRs). Of these, the highly prevalent FcγRIIa (CD32a) histidine (H)-131 variant (CD32aH) is strongly linked to human autoimmune diseases through unclear mechanisms. We show that, relative to the CD32a arginine (R)-131 (CD32aR) variant, CD32aH more avidly bound human (h) IgG1 IC and formed a ternary complex with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) under acidic conditions. In primary human and mouse cells, both CD32a variants required FcRn to induce innate and adaptive immune responses to hIgG1 ICs, which were augmented in the setting of CD32aH. Conversely, FcRn induced responses to IgG IC independently of classical FcγR, but optimal responses required FcRn and FcγR. Finally, FcRn blockade decreased inflammation in a rheumatoid arthritis model without reducing circulating autoantibody levels, providing support for FcRn’s direct role in IgG IC-associated inflammation. Thus, CD32a and FcRn coregulate IgG IC-mediated immunity in a manner favoring the CD32aH variant, providing a novel mechanism for its disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hubbard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timo Rath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa K Kozicky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amit K Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Algirdas Grevys
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susan C Menzies
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura M Sly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristi Baker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA
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35
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Tissues: the unexplored frontier of antibody mediated immunity. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 47:52-67. [PMID: 33581646 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen-specific immunity evolves in the context of the infected tissue. However, current immune correlates analyses and vaccine efficacy metrics are based on immune functions from peripheral cells. Less is known about tissue-resident mechanisms of immunity. While antibodies represent the primary correlate of immunity following most clinically approved vaccines, how antibodies interact with localized, compartment-specific immune functions to fight infections, remains unclear. Emerging data demonstrate a unique community of immune cells that reside within different tissues. These tissue-specific immunological communities enable antibodies to direct both expected and unexpected local attack strategies to control, disrupt, and eliminate infection in a tissue-specific manner. Defining the full breadth of antibody effector functions, how they selectively contribute to control at the site of infection may provide clues for the design of next-generation vaccines able to direct the control, elimination, and prevention of compartment specific diseases of both infectious and non-infectious etiologies.
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36
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FcRn augments induction of tissue factor activity by IgG-containing immune complexes. Blood 2021; 135:2085-2093. [PMID: 32187355 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboembolism complicates disorders caused by immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing immune complexes (ICs), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Prior evidence indicates that induction of tissue factor (TF) on monocytes, a pivotal step in the initiation, localization, and propagation of coagulation by ICs, is mediated through Fcγ receptor IIa (FcγRIIa); however, the involvement of other receptors has not been investigated in detail. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) that mediates IgG and albumin recycling also participates in cellular responses to IgG-containing ICs. Here we asked whether FcRn is also involved in the induction of TF-dependent factor Xa (FXa) activity by IgG-containing ICs by THP-1 monocytic cells and human monocytes. Induction of FXa activity by ICs containing IgG antibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4) involved in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), β-2-glycoprotein-1 implicated in antiphospholipid syndrome, or red blood cells coated with anti-(α)-Rh(D) antibodies that mediate hemolysis in vivo was inhibited by a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks IgG binding to human FcRn. IgG-containing ICs that bind to FcγR and FcRn induced FXa activity, whereas IgG-containing ICs with an Fc engineered to be unable to engage FcRn did not. Infusion of an α-FcRn mAb prevented fibrin deposition after microvascular injury in a murine model of HIT in which human FcγRIIa was expressed as a transgene. These data implicate FcRn in TF-dependent FXa activity induced by soluble and cell-associated IgG-containing ICs. Antibodies to FcRn, now in clinical trials in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia to lower IgG antibodies and IgG containing ICs may also reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism.
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37
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Abstract
The opposing roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in suppressing or supporting cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and response to therapy has been long debated. The mechanisms by which different monocyte and T cell subtypes affect and modulate cancer have been extensively studied. However, the role of B cells and their subtypes have remained elusive, perhaps partially due to their heterogeneity and range of actions. B cells can produce a variety of cytokines and present tumor-derived antigens to T cells in combination with co-stimulatory or inhibitory ligands based on their phenotype. Unlike most T cells, B cells can be activated by innate immune stimuli, such as endotoxin. Furthermore, the isotype and specificity of the antibodies produced by plasma cells regulate distinct immune responses, including opsonization, antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement activation. B cells are shaped by the tumor environment (TME), with the capability to regulate the TME in return. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of B cell action, including cytokine production, antigen presentation, ADCC, opsonization, complement activation and how they affect tumor development and response to immunotherapy. We will also discuss how B cell fate within the TME is affected by tumor stroma, microbiome and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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38
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Nabeshima Y, Kataoka TR, Ueshima C, Saito N, Hirata M, Takeuchi Y, Takei Y, Moriyoshi K, Ono K, Haga H. Neonatal Fc receptor induces intravenous immunoglobulin growth suppression in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pathol Int 2021; 71:191-198. [PMID: 33497038 PMCID: PMC7986110 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays a role in trafficking IgG and albumin and is thought to mediate intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for certain diseases. IVIG can be used for the treatment of human Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH); however, the mechanism remains unclear. The expression and function of FcRn protein have not been studied in LCH, though the expression of FcRn messenger RNA (mRNA) have been reported. In this report, we confirmed the expression of FcRn in 26 of 30 pathological cases (86.7%) diagnosed immunohistochemically as LCH. The expression was independent of age, gender, location, multi‐ or single‐system, and the status of BRAFV600E immunostaining. We also confirmed the expression of FcRn mRNA and protein in the human LCH‐like cell line, ELD‐1. FcRn suppressed albumin consumption and growth of IVIG preparation‐treated ELD‐1 cells, but not of IVIG preparation‐untreated or FcRn‐knockdown ELD‐1 cells. In addition, FITC‐conjugated albumin was taken into Rab11‐positive recycle vesicles in mock ELD‐1 cells but not in FcRn‐knockdown ELD‐1 cells. IVIG preparation prolonged this status in mock ELD‐1 cells. Therefore, ELD‐1 recycled albumin via FcRn and albumin was not used for metabolism. Our results increase our understanding of the molecular mechanism of IVIG treatment of LCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nabeshima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki R Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Chiyuki Ueshima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Narumi Saito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Takeuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Clinical Bio Resource Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takei
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saiseikai Noe Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Moriyoshi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ono
- Department of Pathology, Japan Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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39
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Aaen KH, Anthi AK, Sandlie I, Nilsen J, Mester S, Andersen JT. The neonatal Fc receptor in mucosal immune regulation. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13017. [PMID: 33351196 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was first recognized for its role in transfer of maternal IgG to the foetus or newborn, providing passive immunity early in life. However, it has become clear that the receptor is versatile, widely expressed and plays an indispensable role in both immunological and non-immunological processes throughout life. The receptor rescues immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin from intracellular degradation and shuttles the ligands across polarized cell barriers, in all cases via a pH-dependent binding-and-release mechanism. These processes secure distribution and high levels of both IgG and albumin throughout the body. At mucosal sites, FcRn transports IgG across polarized epithelial cells where it retrieves IgG in complex with luminal antigens that is delivered to tissue-localized immune cells. In dendritic cells (DCs), FcRn orchestrates processing of IgG-opsonized immune complexes (ICs) in concert with classical Fcγ receptors, which results in antigen presentation and cross-presentation of antigenic peptides on MHC class II and I to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively. Hence, FcRn regulates transport of the ligands within and across different types of cells, but also processing of IgG-ICs by immune cells. As such, the receptor is involved in immune surveillance and protection against infections. In this brief review, we highlight how FcRn expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells contributes to immune regulation at mucosal barriers-biology that can be utilized in development of biologics and subunit vaccines for non-invasive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hovden Aaen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina Karen Anthi
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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40
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Castro-Dopico T, Colombel JF, Mehandru S. Targeting B cells for inflammatory bowel disease treatment: back to the future. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 55:90-98. [PMID: 33166872 PMCID: PMC7894973 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells are critical to immune homeostasis at mucosal surfaces including those of the gastrointestinal tract. B cell-related abnormalities, comprising of a lympho-plasmacytic infiltrate, as well as anti-microbial antibodies, are well reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, B cell-targeting is not part of the therapeutic armamentarium in IBD. Recently, driven by the identification of genetic associations between IgG Fc receptors and IBD susceptibility, there has been renewed interest in defining the immunobiology of B cells during mucosal inflammation. Functional studies have demonstrated mechanisms of IgG-mediated disease pathogenesis and deep mucosal immunophenotyping using single cell RNA sequencing has elaborated a significant remodelling of the B cell compartment in IBD. In light of these novel data, here we discuss potential strategies to target B cell immunity in IBD. Finally, we discuss potential risks and pitfalls of these approaches and emphasize on distinguishing between homeostatic and pathological B cell signatures, allowing for a data-based, prudent therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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41
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Extensive variability in the composition of immune infiltrate in different mouse models of cancer. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:43. [PMID: 33292783 PMCID: PMC7678281 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models are invaluable tools for cancer immunology research. However, there are differences in the immune response to the tumour depending on the model used, and these differences are not often characterised on their own. Instead they are often only analysed in response to a therapeutic immune modulation. There are important issues with translatability into effective clinical research when considering the choice of mouse models. Here we analysed the tumour immune microenvironment and modified aspects of the tumour model to determine the effect on the composition of the immune infiltrate. Mice injected subcutaneously with the melanoma cell line, B16-OVA, had a higher frequency of T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, than mice injected subcutaneously with CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. We compared the same tumour cell line (CT26) delivered either subcutaneously and intracaecally. To minimise immunological impacts due to the invasive surgery procedure, we optimised an existing intracaecal injection protocol. Intracaecal tumours had a higher frequency of infiltrating CD3+ CD4+ T cells and a lower frequency of CD3-CD19- (putative NK cells) than subcutaneous tumours. In contrast, there was a higher frequency of F480+ macrophages in subcutaneous tumours than intracaecal tumours. These data demonstrate that variability between animals, between experiments and within tumour models, can lead to difficulty in interpreting the infiltrating immune response and translating this response to clinical research.
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42
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Rossini S, Noé R, Daventure V, Lecerf M, Justesen S, Dimitrov JD. V Region of IgG Controls the Molecular Properties of the Binding Site for Neonatal Fc Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2850-2860. [PMID: 33077645 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has a key role in the homeostasis of IgG. Despite its physiological and clinical importance, the interaction of IgG and FcRn remains not completely comprehended. Thus, IgG molecules with identical constant portions but with minor differences in their V regions have been demonstrated to interact with FcRn with a considerable heterogeneity in the binding affinity. To understand this discrepancy, we dissected the physicochemical mechanism of the interaction of 10 human IgG1 to human FcRn. The interactions of two Abs in the presence of their cognate Ags were also examined. Data from activation and equilibrium thermodynamics analyses as well as pH dependence of the kinetics revealed that the V region of IgG could modulate a degree of conformational changes and binding energy of noncovalent contacts at the FcRn binding interface. These results suggest that the V domains modulate FcRn binding site in Fc by allosteric effects. These findings contribute for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of IgG-FcRn interaction. They might also be of relevance for rational engineering of Abs for optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rossini
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; and
| | - Rémi Noé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; and
| | - Victoria Daventure
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; and
| | - Maxime Lecerf
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; and
| | | | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; and
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43
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Sun T, Nguyen A, Gommerman JL. Dendritic Cell Subsets in Intestinal Immunity and Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1075-1083. [PMID: 32071090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is a complex environment that is constantly exposed to Ags derived from food, microbiota, and metabolites. Intestinal dendritic cells (DC) have the responsibility of establishing oral tolerance against these Ags while initiating immune responses against mucosal pathogens. We now know that DC are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells composed of classical and monocyte-derived DC, Langerhans cells, and plasmacytoid DC. In the intestine, DC are found in organized lymphoid tissues, such as the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, as well as in the lamina propria. In this Brief Review, we review recent work that describes a division of labor between and collaboration among gut DC subsets in the context of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Understanding relationships between DC subtypes and their biological functions will rationalize oral vaccine design and will provide insights into treatments that quiet pathological intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
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44
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Zhang M, Wang X, Chen X, Guo F, Hong J. Prognostic Value of a Stemness Index-Associated Signature in Primary Lower-Grade Glioma. Front Genet 2020; 11:441. [PMID: 32431729 PMCID: PMC7216823 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a prevalent and infiltrative cancer type of the central nervous system, the prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) in adults is highly heterogeneous. Recent evidence has demonstrated the prognostic value of the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) in LGG. Our aim was to develop a stemness index-based signature (SI-signature) for risk stratification and survival prediction. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LGG in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and normal brain tissue samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project were screened out, and the weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify the mRNAsi-related gene sets. Meanwhile, the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed for the functional annotation of the key genes. ESTIMATE was used to calculate tumor purity for acquiring the correct mRNAsi. Differences in overall survival (OS) between the high and low mRNAsi (corrected mRNAsi) groups were compared using the Kaplan Meier analysis. By combining the Lasso regression with univariate and multivariate Cox regression, the SI-signature was constructed and validated using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Results There was a significant difference in OS between the high and low mRNAsi groups, which was also observed in the two corrected mRNAsi groups. Based on threshold limits, 86 DEGs were most significantly associated with mRNAsi via WGCNA. Seven genes (ADAP2, ALOX5AP, APOBEC3C, FCGRT, GNG5, LRRC25, and SP100) were selected to establish a risk signature for primary LGG. The ROC curves showed a fair performance in survival prediction in both the TCGA and the CGGA validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that the risk group was an independent prognostic factor in primary LGG. The nomogram was developed based on clinical parameters integrated with the risk signature, and its accuracy for predicting 3- and 5-years survival was assessed by the concordance index, the area under the curve of the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve, and calibration curves. Conclusion The SI-signature with seven genes could serve as an independent predictor, and suggests the importance of stemness features in risk stratification and survival prediction in primary LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Statistics, College of Mathematics and Informatics & FJKLMAA, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feibao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China
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45
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Cadena Castaneda D, Brachet G, Goupille C, Ouldamer L, Gouilleux-Gruart V. The neonatal Fc receptor in cancer FcRn in cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4736-4742. [PMID: 32368865 PMCID: PMC7333860 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the neonatal IgG Fc receptor (FcRn) was discovered, it was found to be involved in immunoglobulin recycling and biodistribution, immune complexes routing, antigen presentation, humoral immune response, and cancer immunosurveillance. The latest data show that FcRn plays a part in cancer pathophysiology. In various types of cancers, such as lung and colorectal cancer, FcRn has been described as an early marker for prognosis. Dysregulation of FcRn expression by cancer cells allows them to increase their metabolism, and this process could be exploited for passive targeting of cytotoxic drugs. However, the roles of this receptor depend on whether the studied cell population is the tumor tissue or the infiltrating cells, bringing forward the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Goupille
- CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Lobna Ouldamer
- CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
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46
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FcRn overexpression in human cancer drives albumin recycling and cell growth; a mechanistic basis for exploitation in targeted albumin-drug designs. J Control Release 2020; 322:53-63. [PMID: 32145268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Albumin accumulation in tumours could reflect a role of albumin in transport of endogenous nutrient cargos required for cellular growth and not just a suggested source of amino acids; a role driven by albumin engagement with its cognate cellular recycling neonatal Fc receptor. We investigate the hypothesis that albumin cellular recruitment is increased by higher human FcRn (hFcRn) expression in human cancer tissue that provides the mechanistic basis for exploitation in albumin-based drug designs engineered to optimise this process. Eight out of ten different human cancer tissue types screened for hFcRn expression by immunohistochemistry (310 samples) exhibited significantly higher hFcRn expression compared to healthy tissues. Accelerated tumour growth over 28 days in mice inoculated with hFcRn-expressing HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell xenografts, compared to CRISPR/Cas9 hFcRn-knockout HT-29, suggests a hFcRn-mediated tumour growth effect. Direct correlation between hFcRn expression and albumin recycling supports hFcRn-mediated diversion of albumin from lysosomal degradation. Two-fold increase in accumulation of fluorescent labelled high-binding hFcRn albumin, compared to wild type albumin, in luciferase MDA-MB-231-Luc-D3H2LN breast cancer xenografts was shown. This work identifies overexpression of hFcRn in several human cancer types with mechanistic data suggesting hFcRn-driven albumin recruitment for increased cellular growth that has the potential to be exploited with high hFcRn-binding albumin variants for targeted therapies.
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47
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Shalapour S, Karin M. Cruel to Be Kind: Epithelial, Microbial, and Immune Cell Interactions in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 38:649-671. [PMID: 32040356 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082019-081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of experimental and epidemiological evidence supports a critical role for inflammation and adaptive immunity in the onset of cancer and in shaping its response to therapy. These data are particularly robust for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, such as those affecting the GI tract, liver, and pancreas, on which this review is focused. We propose a unifying hypothesis according to which intestinal barrier disruption is the origin of tumor-promoting inflammation that acts in conjunction with tissue-specific cancer-initiating mutations. The gut microbiota and its products impact tissue-resident and recruited myeloid cells that promote tumorigenesis through secretion of growth- and survival-promoting cytokines that act on epithelial cells, as well as fibrogenic and immunosuppressive cytokines that interfere with the proper function of adaptive antitumor immunity. Understanding these relationships should improve our ability to prevent cancer development and stimulate the immune system to eliminate existing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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48
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Sharonov GV, Serebrovskaya EO, Yuzhakova DV, Britanova OV, Chudakov DM. B cells, plasma cells and antibody repertoires in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:294-307. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Blumberg LJ, Humphries JE, Jones SD, Pearce LB, Holgate R, Hearn A, Cheung J, Mahmood A, Del Tito B, Graydon JS, Stolz LE, Bitonti A, Purohit S, de Graaf D, Kacena K, Andersen JT, Christianson GJ, Roopenian DC, Hubbard JJ, Gandhi AK, Lasseter K, Pyzik M, Blumberg RS. Blocking FcRn in humans reduces circulating IgG levels and inhibits IgG immune complex-mediated immune responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax9586. [PMID: 31897428 PMCID: PMC6920022 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor (FcRn) functions as an intracellular protection receptor for immunoglobulin G (IgG). Recently, several clinical studies have reported the lowering of circulating monomeric IgG levels through FcRn blockade for the potential treatment of autoimmune diseases. Many autoimmune diseases, however, are derived from the effects of IgG immune complexes (ICs). We generated, characterized, and assessed the effects of SYNT001, a FcRn-blocking monoclonal antibody, in mice, nonhuman primates (NHPs), and humans. SYNT001 decreased all IgG subtypes and IgG ICs in the circulation of humans, as we show in a first-in-human phase 1, single ascending dose study. In addition, IgG IC induction of inflammatory pathways was dependent on FcRn and inhibited by SYNT001. These studies expand the role of FcRn in humans by showing that it controls not only IgG protection from catabolism but also inflammatory pathways associated with IgG ICs involved in a variety of autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacokinetics
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology
- Autoantibodies/drug effects
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Cohort Studies
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Healthy Volunteers
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Macaca fascicularis
- Male
- Mice
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Fc/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. D. Jones
- BioProcess Technology Consultants, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | | | - R. Holgate
- Abzena, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - A. Hearn
- Abzena, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - J. Cheung
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A. Mahmood
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - B. Del Tito
- Biologics Consulting, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Purohit
- BioProcess Technology Consultants, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | | | - K. Kacena
- BioBridges, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - J. T. Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | | | | | - J. J. Hubbard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A. K. Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K. Lasseter
- Clinical Pharmacology of Miami, Miami, FL 33014, USA
| | - M. Pyzik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R. S. Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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50
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Marshall N, Hutchinson K, Marron TU, Aleynick M, Hammerich L, Upadhyay R, Svensson-Arvelund J, Brown BD, Merad M, Brody JD. Antitumor T-cell Homeostatic Activation Is Uncoupled from Homeostatic Inhibition by Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1520-1537. [PMID: 31375522 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T-cell transfer into lymphodepleted recipients induces homeostatic activation and potentiates antitumor efficacy. In contrast to canonical T-cell receptor-induced activation, homeostatic activation yields a distinct phenotype and memory state whose regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show in patients and murine models that, following transfer into lymphodepleted bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients, CD8+ T cells undergo activation but also simultaneous homeostatic inhibition manifested by upregulation of immune-checkpoint molecules and functional suppression. T cells transferred into BMT recipients were protected from homeostatic inhibition by PD-1/CTLA4 dual checkpoint blockade (dCB). This combination of dCB and BMT-"immunotransplant"-increased T-cell homeostatic activation and antitumor T-cell responses by an order of magnitude. Like homeostatic activation, homeostatic inhibition is IL7/IL15-dependent, revealing mechanistic coupling of these two processes. Marked similarity in ex vivo modulation of post-BMT T cells in mice and patients is promising for the clinical translation of immunotransplant (NCT03305445) and for addressing homeostatic inhibition in T-cell therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: For optimal anticancer effect, T-cell therapies including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, and transgenic T-cell therapies require transfer into lymphodepleted recipients and homeostatic activation; however, concomitant homeostatic inhibition mitigates T-cell therapies' efficacy. Checkpoint blockade uncouples homeostatic inhibition from activation, amplifying T-cell responses. Conversely, tumors nonresponsive to checkpoint blockade or BMT are treatable with immunotransplant.See related commentary by Ansell, p. 1487.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1469.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netonia Marshall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Keino Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Thomas U Marron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Mark Aleynick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Linda Hammerich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Ranjan Upadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Judit Svensson-Arvelund
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Brian D Brown
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York.
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