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Aschenbrenner D, Nassiri I, Venkateswaran S, Pandey S, Page M, Drowley L, Armstrong M, Kugathasan S, Fairfax B, Uhlig HH. An isoform quantitative trait locus in SBNO2 links genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease with defective antimicrobial activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4529. [PMID: 38806456 PMCID: PMC11133462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in linking single genetic variants to single causal genes, the significance of genetic variation on transcript-level regulation of expression, transcript-specific functions, and relevance to human disease has been poorly investigated. Strawberry notch homolog 2 (SBNO2) is a candidate gene in a susceptibility locus with different variants associated with Crohn's disease and bone mineral density. The SBNO2 locus is also differentially methylated in Crohn's disease but the functional mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that the isoforms of SBNO2 are differentially regulated by lipopolysaccharide and IL-10. We identify Crohn's disease associated isoform quantitative trait loci that negatively regulate the expression of the noncanonical isoform 2 corresponding with the methylation signals at the isoform 2 promoter in IBD and CD. The two isoforms of SBNO2 drive differential gene networks with isoform 2 dominantly impacting antimicrobial activity in macrophages. Our data highlight the role of isoform quantitative trait loci to understand disease susceptibility and resolve underlying mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Basel, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Isar Nassiri
- Oxford-GSK Institute of Molecular and Computational Medicine (IMCM), Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sumeet Pandey
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- GSK Immunology Network, GSK Medicines Research Center, Stevenage, UK
| | - Matthew Page
- Translational Bioinformatics, UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Fairfax
- MRC-Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford & Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Howard MK, Hoppe N, Huang XP, Macdonald CB, Mehrota E, Grimes PR, Zahm A, Trinidad DD, English J, Coyote-Maestas W, Manglik A. Molecular basis of proton-sensing by G protein-coupled receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.17.590000. [PMID: 38659943 PMCID: PMC11042331 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.590000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Three proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPR4, GPR65, and GPR68, respond to changes in extracellular pH to regulate diverse physiology and are implicated in a wide range of diseases. A central challenge in determining how protons activate these receptors is identifying the set of residues that bind protons. Here, we determine structures of each receptor to understand the spatial arrangement of putative proton sensing residues in the active state. With a newly developed deep mutational scanning approach, we determined the functional importance of every residue in proton activation for GPR68 by generating ~9,500 mutants and measuring effects on signaling and surface expression. This unbiased screen revealed that, unlike other proton-sensitive cell surface channels and receptors, no single site is critical for proton recognition in GPR68. Instead, a network of titratable residues extend from the extracellular surface to the transmembrane region and converge on canonical class A GPCR activation motifs to activate proton-sensing GPCRs. More broadly, our approach integrating structure and unbiased functional interrogation defines a new framework for understanding the rich complexity of GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Howard
- Tetrad graduate program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Hoppe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biophysics graduate program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and the National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christian B. Macdonald
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eshan Mehrota
- Tetrad graduate program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam Zahm
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Donovan D. Trinidad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Justin English
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Willow Coyote-Maestas
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Zhang H, Luan L, Li X, Sun X, Yang K. DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 prevents glioblastoma cells proliferation by regulating lysosomal function and autophagic flux stability. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:114016. [PMID: 38537746 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and life-threatening brain tumor, characterized by its highly malignant and recurrent nature. DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM-1) is a p53 target gene encoding a lysosomal protein that induces macro-autophagy and damage-induced programmed cell death in tumor growth. However, the precise mechanisms underlying how DRAM-1 affects tumor cell proliferation through regulation of lysosomal function and autophagic flux stability remain incompletely understood. We found that DRAM-1 expressions were evidently down-regulated in high-grade glioma and recurrent GBM tissues. The upregulation of DRAM-1 could increase mortality of primary cultured GBM cells. TEM analysis revealed an augmented accumulation of aberrant lysosomes in DRAM-1-overexpressing GBM cells. The assay for lysosomal pH and stability also demonstrated decreasing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and impaired lysosomal acidity. Further research revealed the detrimental impact of lysosomal dysfunction, which impaired the autophagic flux stability and ultimately led to GBM cell death. Moreover, downregulation of mTOR phosphorylation was observed in GBM cells following upregulation of DRAM-1. In vivo and in vitro experiments additionally illustrated that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin increased GBM cell mortality and exhibited an enhanced antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Lan Luan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China.
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Hausmann M, Seuwen K, de Vallière C, Busch M, Ruiz PA, Rogler G. Role of pH-sensing receptors in colitis. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:611-622. [PMID: 38514581 PMCID: PMC11006753 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Low pH in the gut is associated with severe inflammation, fibrosis, and colorectal cancer (CRC) and is a hallmark of active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subsequently, pH-sensing mechanisms are of interest for the understanding of IBD pathophysiology. Tissue hypoxia and acidosis-two contributing factors to disease pathophysiology-are linked to IBD, and understanding their interplay is highly relevant for the development of new therapeutic options. One member of the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, GPR65 (T-cell death-associated gene 8, TDAG8), was identified as a susceptibility gene for IBD in a large genome-wide association study. In response to acidic extracellular pH, GPR65 induces an anti-inflammatory response, whereas the two other proton-sensing receptors, GPR4 and GPR68 (ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1, OGR1), mediate pro-inflammatory responses. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of these proton-sensing receptors in IBD and IBD-associated fibrosis and cancer, as well as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We also describe emerging small molecule modulators of these receptors as therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Moana Busch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
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Shi F, Gao YS, Han SM, Huang CS, Hou QS, Wen XW, Wang BS, Zhu ZY, Zou L. Allulose mitigates chronic enteritis by reducing mitochondria dysfunction via regulating cathepsin B production. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111645. [PMID: 38354512 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic changes have been linked to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes colitis. Allulose, an endogenous bioactive monosaccharide, is vital to the synthesis of numerous compounds and metabolic processes within living organisms. Nevertheless, the precise biochemical mechanism by which allulose inhibits colitis remains unknown. Allulose is an essential and intrinsic protector of the intestinal mucosal barrier, as it maintains the integrity of tight junctions in the intestines, according to the current research. It is also important to know that there is a link between the severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), chemically-induced colitis in rodents, and lower levels of allulose in the blood. Mice with colitis, either caused by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) or naturally occurring colitis in IL-10-/- mice, had less damage to their intestinal mucosa after being given allulose. Giving allulose to a colitis model starts a chain of reactions because it stops cathepsin B from ejecting and helps lysosomes stick together. This system effectively stops the activity of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) when intestinal epithelial damage happens. This stops the breakdown of tight junction integrity and the start of mitochondrial dysfunction. To summarise, the study's findings have presented data that supports the advantageous impact of allulose in reducing the advancement of colitis. Its ability to stop the disruption of the intestinal barrier enables this. Therefore, allulose has potential as a medicinal supplement for treating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shi
- Department of Abdominal Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Shu-Mei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Cheng-Suo Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Ben-Shi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China.
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Qi J, Liu S, Zhang Z. What role does GPR65 play in the progression of osteosarcoma? Its mechanism and clinical significance. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:31. [PMID: 38218960 PMCID: PMC10788037 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPR65 is a pH-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor that acts as a key innate immune checkpoint in the human tumor microenvironment, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and inducing significant upregulation of tissue repair genes. However, the expression pattern and function of GPR65 in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate and elucidate the role of GPR65 in the microenvironment, proliferation and migration of OS. METHODS Retrospective RNA-seq data analysis was conducted in a cohort of 97 patients with OS data in the TAEGET database. In addition, single-cell sequencing data from six surgical specimens of human OS patients was used to analyze the molecular evolution process during OS genesis. Tissues chips and bioinformatics results were used to verify GPR65 expression level in OS. MTT, colony formation, EdU assay, wound healing, transwell assay and F-actin assay were utilized to analyze cell proliferation and invasion of OS cancer cells. RNA-seq was used to explore the potential mechanism of GPR65's role in OS. RESULTS GPR65 expression was significantly low in OS, and subgroup analysis found that younger OS patients, OS patients in metastatic status, and overall survival and progression free survival OS patients had lower GPR65 expression. From ScRNA-seq data of GSE162454, we found the expression of GPR65 is significantly positively correlated with CD4 + T cells CD8 + T cells and OS related macrophage infiltration. Verification experiment found that silencing the expression of GPR65 in osteosarcoma cells U2OS and HOS could promote the proliferation and invasion process, RNA-seq results showed that the role of GPR65 in OS cells was related to immune system, metabolism and signal transduction. CONCLUSION The low expression of GPR65 in OS leads to high metastasis rate and poor prognosis in OS patients. The suppression of immune escape and inhibition of proliferation may be a key pathway for GPR65 to participate in the progression of OS. The current study strengthens the role of GPR65 in OS development and provides a potential biomarker for the prognosis of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sihang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhirui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, China.
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7
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Li G, Lin J, Gao X, Su H, Lin R, Gao H, Feng Z, Wu H, Feng B, Zuo K, Li Y, Wu W, Fang L, Liu Z. Intestinal epithelial pH-sensing receptor GPR65 maintains mucosal homeostasis via regulating antimicrobial defense and restrains gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257269. [PMID: 37749885 PMCID: PMC10524779 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) regulation of barrier function and mucosal homeostasis enables the establishment of a harmonious gut microenvironment. However, host-derived regulatory networks that modulate intestinal antimicrobial defenses have not been fully defined. Herein we generated mice with IEC-specific deletion of Gpr65 (Gpr65ΔIEC) and investigated the role of epithelial GPR65 using DSS- and C. rodentium-induced murine colitis models. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted on colonic IECs from Gpr65fl/fl and Gpr65ΔIEC mice, and colonoids and colonic epithelial cell lines were used to evaluate the pH-sensing effect of GPR65. The expression of GPR65 was determined in IECs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and DSS colitis mice by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We observed that the absence of GPR65 in IECs abrogated homeostatic antimicrobial programs, including the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and defense response-associated proteins. Gpr65ΔIEC mice displayed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and were prone to DSS- and C. rodentium-induced colitis, as characterized by significantly disrupted epithelial antimicrobial responses, pathogen invasion, and increased inflammatory infiltrates in the inflamed colon. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that deletion of GPR65 in IECs provoked dramatic transcriptome changes with respect to the downregulation of immune and defense responses to bacteria. Forced AMP induction assays conducted in vivo or in ex vivo colonoids revealed that IEC-intrinsic GPR65 signaling drove antimicrobial defense. Mechanistically, GPR65 signaling promoted STAT3 phosphorylation to optimize mucosal defense responses. Epithelial cell line and colonoid assays further confirmed that epithelial GPR65 sensing pH synergized with IL-22 to facilitate antimicrobial responses. Finally, the expression of GPR65 was markedly decreased in the inflamed epithelia of IBD patients and DSS colitis mice. Our findings define an important role of epithelial GPR65 in regulating intestinal homeostasis and mucosal inflammation and point toward a potential therapeutic approach by targeting GPR65 in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfeng Li
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linfen Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen, China
| | - Ritian Lin
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Gao
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Zuo
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang K, Zhang MX, Meng XX, Zhu J, Wang JJ, He YF, Li YH, Zhao SC, Shi ZM, Zheng LN, Han T, Hong W. Targeting GPR65 alleviates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by suppressing the JNK and NF-κB pathways. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:56. [PMID: 38001521 PMCID: PMC10675918 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are recognized as attractive targets for drug therapy. However, it remains poorly understood how GPCRs, except for a few chemokine receptors, regulate the progression of liver fibrosis. Here, we aimed to reveal the role of GPR65, a proton-sensing receptor, in liver fibrosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS The expression level of GPR65 was evaluated in both human and mouse fibrotic livers. Furthermore, Gpr65-deficient mice were treated with either bile duct ligation (BDL) for 21 d or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks to investigate the role of GPR65 in liver fibrosis. A combination of experimental approaches, including Western blotting, quantitative real-time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), confocal microscopy and rescue studies, were used to explore the underlying mechanisms of GPR65's action in liver fibrosis. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of GPR65 inhibitor in the development of liver fibrosis was investigated. RESULTS We found that hepatic macrophages (HMs)-enriched GPR65 was upregulated in both human and mouse fibrotic livers. Moreover, knockout of Gpr65 significantly alleviated BDL- and CCl4-induced liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis in vivo, and mouse bone marrow transplantation (BMT) experiments further demonstrated that the protective effect of Gpr65 knockout is primarily mediated by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Additionally, in vitro data demonstrated that Gpr65 silencing and GPR65 antagonist inhibited, while GPR65 overexpression and application of GPR65 endogenous and exogenous agonists enhanced the expression and release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), all of which subsequently promoted the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the damage of hepatocytes (HCs). Mechanistically, GPR65 overexpression, the acidic pH and GPR65 exogenous agonist induced up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 via the Gαq-Ca2+-JNK/NF-κB pathways, while promoted the expression of TGF-β through the Gαq-Ca2+-MLK3-MKK7-JNK pathway. Notably, pharmacological GPR65 inhibition retarded the development of inflammation, HCs injury and fibrosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS GPR65 is a major regulator that modulates the progression of liver fibrosis. Thus, targeting GPR65 could be an effective therapeutic strategy for the prevention of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Meng-Xia Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Meng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jia-Jun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yi-Fan He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ye-Hua Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Si-Cong Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhe-Min Shi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Li-Na Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Union Medical Center affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, 300000, China.
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Perren L, Busch M, Schuler C, Ruiz PA, Foti F, Weibel N, de Vallière C, Morsy Y, Seuwen K, Hausmann M, Rogler G. OGR1 (GPR68) and TDAG8 (GPR65) Have Antagonistic Effects in Models of Colonic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14855. [PMID: 37834303 PMCID: PMC10573511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), including pro-inflammatory ovarian cancer GPR1 (OGR1/GPR68) and anti-inflammatory T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8/GPR65), are involved in pH sensing and linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OGR1 and TDAG8 show opposite effects. To determine which effect is predominant or physiologically more relevant, we deleted both receptors in models of intestinal inflammation. Combined Ogr1 and Tdag8 deficiency was assessed in spontaneous and acute murine colitis models. Disease severity was assessed using clinical scores. Colon samples were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry (FACS). In acute colitis, Ogr1-deficient mice showed significantly decreased clinical scores compared with wildtype (WT) mice, while Tdag8-deficient mice and double knockout (KO) mice presented similar scores to WT. In Il-10-spontaneous colitis, Ogr1-deficient mice presented significantly decreased, and Tdag8-deficient mice had increased inflammation. In the Il10-/- × Ogr1-/- × Tdag8-/- triple KO mice, inflammation was significantly decreased compared with Tdag8-/-. Absence of Ogr1 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in Tdag8-deficient mice. Tdag8-/- had significantly more IFNγ+ T-lymphocytes and IL-23 T-helper cells in the colon compared with WT. The absence of OGR1 significantly alleviates the intestinal damage mediated by the lack of functional TDAG8. Both OGR1 and TDAG8 represent potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Hajjar S, Zhou X. pH sensing at the intersection of tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:807-825. [PMID: 37714775 PMCID: PMC10543622 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
pH is tightly maintained at cellular, tissue, and systemic levels, and altered pH - particularly in the acidic range - is associated with infection, injury, solid tumors, and physiological and pathological inflammation. However, how pH is sensed and regulated and how it influences immune responses remain poorly understood at the tissue level. Applying conceptual frameworks of homeostatic and inflammatory circuitries, we categorize cellular and tissue components engaged in pH regulation, drawing parallels from established cases in physiology. By expressing various intracellular (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHe)-sensing receptors, the immune system may integrate information on tissue and cellular states into the regulation of homeostatic and inflammatory programs. We introduce the novel concept of resistance and adaptation responses to rationalize pH-dependent immunomodulation intertwined with homeostatic equilibrium and inflammatory control. We discuss emerging challenges and opportunities in understanding the immunological roles of pH sensing, which might reveal new strategies to combat inflammation and restore tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hajjar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xu Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Hu C, Liao S, Lv L, Li C, Mei Z. Intestinal Immune Imbalance is an Alarm in the Development of IBD. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1073984. [PMID: 37554552 PMCID: PMC10406561 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1073984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune regulation plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapse bowel disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clinical treatments for IBD are limited and inefficient. However, the pathogenesis of immune-mediated IBD remains unclear. This review describes the activation of innate and adaptive immune functions by intestinal immune cells to regulate intestinal immune balance and maintain intestinal mucosal integrity. Changes in susceptible genes, autophagy, energy metabolism, and other factors interact in a complex manner with the immune system, eventually leading to intestinal immune imbalance and the onset of IBD. These events indicate that intestinal immune imbalance is an alarm for IBD development, further opening new possibilities for the unprecedented development of immunotherapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shengtao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Chuanfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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12
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Guan Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y. CXCL10 as a shared specific marker in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease and a clue involved in the mechanism of intestinal flora in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9754. [PMID: 37328529 PMCID: PMC10276029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify shared specific genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through bioinformatic analysis and to examine the role of the gut microbiome in RA. The data were extracted from the 3 RA and 1 IBD gene expression datasets and 1 RA gut microbiome metagenomic dataset. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and machine learnings was performed to identify candidate genes associated with RA and IBD. Differential analysis and two different machine learning algorithms were used to investigate RA's gut microbiome characteristics. Subsequently, the shared specific genes related to the gut microbiome in RA were identified, and an interaction network was constructed utilizing the gutMGene, STITCH, and STRING databases. We identified 15 candidates shared genes through a joint analysis of the WGCNA for RA and IBD. The candidate gene CXCL10 was identified as the shared hub gene by the interaction network analysis of the corresponding WGCNA module gene to each disease, and CXCL10 was further identified as the shared specific gene by two machine learning algorithms. Additionally, we identified 3 RA-associated characteristic intestinal flora (Prevotella, Ruminococcus, and Ruminococcus bromii) and built a network of interactions between the microbiomes, genes, and pathways. Finally, it was discovered that the gene CXCL10 shared between IBD and RA was associated with the three gut microbiomes mentioned above. This study demonstrates the relationship between RA and IBD and provides a reference for research into the role of the gut microbiome in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Guan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Rheumatism Immunity Branch, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Solis-Leal A, Boby N, Mallick S, Cheng Y, Wu F, De La Torre G, Dufour J, Alvarez X, Shivanna V, Liu Y, Fennessey CM, Lifson JD, Li Q, Keele BF, Ling B. Lymphoid tissues contribute to viral clonotypes present in plasma at early post-ATI in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542512. [PMID: 37398418 PMCID: PMC10312542 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The rebound-competent viral reservoir (RCVR), comprised of virus that is able to persist during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and mediate reactivation of systemic viral replication and rebound viremia after antiretroviral therapy interruption (ATI), remains the biggest obstacle to the eradication of HIV infection. A better understanding of the cellular and tissue origins and the dynamics of viral populations that initiate rebound upon ATI could help develop targeted therapeutic strategies for reducing the RCVR. In this study, barcoded SIVmac239M was used to infect rhesus macaques to enable monitoring of viral barcode clonotypes contributing to virus detectable in plasma after ATI. Blood, lymphoid tissues (LTs, spleen, mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes), and non-lymphoid tissues (NLTs, colon, ileum, lung, liver, and brain) were analyzed using viral barcode sequencing, intact proviral DNA assay, single-cell RNA sequencing, and combined CODEX/RNAscope/ in situ hybridization. Four of seven animals had viral barcodes detectable by deep sequencing of plasma at necropsy although plasma viral RNA remained < 22 copies/mL. Among the tissues studied, mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes, and spleen contained viral barcodes detected in plasma, and trended to have higher cell-associated viral loads, higher intact provirus levels, and greater diversity of viral barcodes. CD4+ T cells were the main cell type harboring viral RNA (vRNA) after ATI. Further, T cell zones in LTs showed higher vRNA levels than B cell zones for most animals. These findings are consistent with LTs contributing to virus present in plasma early after ATI. One Sentence Summary The reemerging of SIV clonotypes at early post-ATI are likely from the secondary lymphoid tissues.
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14
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Hiraga H, Chinda D, Maeda T, Murai Y, Ogasawara K, Muramoto R, Ota S, Hasui K, Sakuraba H, Ishiguro Y, Yoshida S, Asano K, Nakane A, Fukuda S. Vitamin A Promotes the Fusion of Autophagolysosomes and Prevents Excessive Inflammasome Activation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108684. [PMID: 37240022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A ensures intestinal homeostasis, impacting acquired immunity and epithelial barrier function; however, its role in innate immunity is mostly unknown. Here, we studied the impact of vitamin A in different dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis animal models. Interestingly, more severe DSS-induced colitis was observed in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) mice than in vitamin A-sufficient (VAS) mice; the same was observed in VAD severe combined immunodeficient mice lacking T/B cells. Remarkably, IL-1β production, LC3B-II expression, and inflammasome activity in the lamina propria were significantly elevated in VAD mice. Electron microscopy revealed numerous swollen mitochondria with severely disrupted cristae. In vitro, non-canonical inflammasome signaling-induced pyroptosis, LC3B-II and p62 expression, and mitochondrial superoxide levels were increased in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) pretreated with retinoic acid receptor antagonist (Ro41-5253). These findings suggest that vitamin A plays a crucial role in the efficient fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chinda
- Division of Endoscopy, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki 036-8563, Japan
| | - Takato Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Muramoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinji Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoh Ishiguro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Hirosaki 036-8545, Japan
| | | | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Akio Nakane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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15
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Liu Z, Liu R, Gao H, Jung S, Gao X, Sun R, Liu X, Kim Y, Lee HS, Kawai Y, Nagasaki M, Umeno J, Tokunaga K, Kinouchi Y, Masamune A, Shi W, Shen C, Guo Z, Yuan K, Zhu S, Li D, Liu J, Ge T, Cho J, Daly MJ, McGovern DPB, Ye BD, Song K, Kakuta Y, Li M, Huang H. Genetic architecture of the inflammatory bowel diseases across East Asian and European ancestries. Nat Genet 2023; 55:796-806. [PMID: 37156999 PMCID: PMC10290755 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with the following two subtypes: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). To date, most IBD genetic associations were derived from individuals of European (EUR) ancestries. Here we report the largest IBD study of individuals of East Asian (EAS) ancestries, including 14,393 cases and 15,456 controls. We found 80 IBD loci in EAS alone and 320 when meta-analyzed with ~370,000 EUR individuals (~30,000 cases), among which 81 are new. EAS-enriched coding variants implicate many new IBD genes, including ADAP1 and GIT2. Although IBD genetic effects are generally consistent across ancestries, genetics underlying CD appears more ancestry dependent than UC, driven by allele frequency (NOD2) and effect (TNFSF15). We extended the IBD polygenic risk score (PRS) by incorporating both ancestries, greatly improving its accuracy and highlighting the importance of diversity for the equitable deployment of PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanju Liu
- Center for IBD Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruize Liu
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Han Gao
- Center for IBD Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Seulgi Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for IBD Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruicong Sun
- Center for IBD Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Su Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Umeno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Student Healthcare Center, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wenzhao Shi
- Digital Health China Technologies Corp Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chengguo Shen
- Digital Health China Technologies Corp Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhenglin Guo
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kai Yuan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dalin Li
- Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tian Ge
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judy Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Byong Duk Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mingsong Li
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Tran S, Juliani J, Fairlie WD, Lee EF. The emerging roles of autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and its links to inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:811-826. [PMID: 37052218 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Landmark genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified that mutations in autophagy genes correlated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a heterogenous disease characterised by prolonged inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, that can reduce a person's quality of life. Autophagy, the delivery of intracellular components to the lysosome for degradation, is a critical cellular housekeeping process that removes damaged proteins and turns over organelles, recycling their amino acids and other constituents to supply cells with energy and necessary building blocks. This occurs under both basal and challenging conditions such as nutrient deprivation. An understanding of the relationship between autophagy, intestinal health and IBD aetiology has improved over time, with autophagy having a verified role in the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. Here, we discuss research that has led to an understanding that autophagy genes, including ATG16L, ATG5, ATG7, IRGM, and Class III PI3K complex members, contribute to innate immune defence in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) via selective autophagy of bacteria (xenophagy), how autophagy contributes to the regulation of the intestinal barrier via cell junctional proteins, and the critical role of autophagy genes in intestinal epithelial secretory subpopulations, namely Paneth and goblet cells. We also discuss how intestinal stem cells can utilise autophagy. Importantly, mouse studies have provided evidence that autophagy deregulation has serious physiological consequences including IEC death and intestinal inflammation. Thus, autophagy is now established as a key regulator of intestinal homeostasis. Further research into how its cytoprotective mechanisms can prevent intestinal inflammation may provide insights into the effective management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Tran
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Juliani Juliani
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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17
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Műzes G, Sipos F. Autoimmunity and Carcinogenesis: Their Relationship under the Umbrella of Autophagy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041130. [PMID: 37189748 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system and autophagy share a functional relationship. Both innate and adaptive immune responses involve autophagy and, depending on the disease’s origin and pathophysiology, it may have a detrimental or positive role on autoimmune disorders. As a “double-edged sword” in tumors, autophagy can either facilitate or impede tumor growth. The autophagy regulatory network that influences tumor progression and treatment resistance is dependent on cell and tissue types and tumor stages. The connection between autoimmunity and carcinogenesis has not been sufficiently explored in past studies. As a crucial mechanism between the two phenomena, autophagy may play a substantial role, though the specifics remain unclear. Several autophagy modifiers have demonstrated beneficial effects in models of autoimmune disease, emphasizing their therapeutic potential as treatments for autoimmune disorders. The function of autophagy in the tumor microenvironment and immune cells is the subject of intensive study. The objective of this review is to investigate the role of autophagy in the simultaneous genesis of autoimmunity and malignancy, shedding light on both sides of the issue. We believe our work will assist in the organization of current understanding in the field and promote additional research on this urgent and crucial topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
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18
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The role of lysosomes in metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:366-383. [PMID: 36894628 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that contribute to the degradation of intracellular constituents through autophagy and of extracellular components through endocytosis, phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. They also have roles in secretory mechanisms, the generation of extracellular vesicles and certain cell death pathways. These functions make lysosomes central organelles in cell homeostasis, metabolic regulation and responses to environment changes including nutrient stresses, endoplasmic reticulum stress and defects in proteostasis. Lysosomes also have important roles in inflammation, antigen presentation and the maintenance of long-lived immune cells. Their functions are tightly regulated by transcriptional modulation via TFEB and TFE3, as well as by major signalling pathways that lead to activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, lysosome motility and fusion with other compartments. Lysosome dysfunction and alterations in autophagy processes have been identified in a wide variety of diseases, including autoimmune, metabolic and kidney diseases. Deregulation of autophagy can contribute to inflammation, and lysosomal defects in immune cells and/or kidney cells have been reported in inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies with kidney involvement. Defects in lysosomal activity have also been identified in several pathologies with disturbances in proteostasis, including autoimmune and metabolic diseases such as Parkinson disease, diabetes mellitus and lysosomal storage diseases. Targeting lysosomes is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy to regulate inflammation and metabolism in a variety of pathologies.
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19
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Xie L, Alam MJ, Marques FZ, Mackay CR. A major mechanism for immunomodulation: Dietary fibres and acid metabolites. Semin Immunol 2023; 66:101737. [PMID: 36857894 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Diet and the gut microbiota have a profound influence on physiology and health, however, mechanisms are still emerging. Here we outline several pathways that gut microbiota products, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), use to maintain gut and immune homeostasis. Dietary fibre is fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon, and large quantities of SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced. Dietary fibre and SCFAs enhance epithelial integrity and thereby limit systemic endotoxemia. Moreover, SCFAs inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC), and thereby affect gene transcription. SCFAs also bind to 'metabolite-sensing' G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as GPR43, which promotes immune homeostasis. The enormous amounts of SCFAs produced in the colon are sufficient to lower pH, which affects the function of proton sensors such as GPR65 expressed on the gut epithelium and immune cells. GPR65 is an anti-inflammatory Gαs-coupled receptor, which leads to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines. The importance of GPR65 in inflammatory diseases is underscored by genetics associated with the missense variant I231L (rs3742704), which is associated with human inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. There is enormous scope to manipulate these pathways using specialized diets that release very high amounts of specific SCFAs in the gut, and we believe that therapies that rely on chemically modified foods is a promising approach. Such an approach includes high SCFA-producing diets, which we have shown to decrease numerous inflammatory western diseases in mouse models. These diets operate at many levels - increased gut integrity, changes to the gut microbiome, and promotion of immune homeostasis, which represents a new and highly promising way to prevent or treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne,VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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20
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You MJ, Rim C, Bang M, Sung S, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Kwon MS. A molecular characterization and clinical relevance of microglia-like cells derived from patients with panic disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 36750547 PMCID: PMC9905570 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies report the microglia involvement in the pathogenesis of panic disorder (PD), although the crucial role of microglia in other neuropsychiatric diseases is being emphasized. In addition, there is no report to characterize the phenotypic and functional levels of PD patient-derived microglia to find their clinical relevance. Herein, we used a model to induce patient-derived microglia-like cells (iMGs) to clarify the molecular characteristics and function of PD-iMGs. We established iMGs from 17 PD patients and 16 healthy controls (non-psychiatric controls, HC). PD-iMGs showed increased T-cell death-associated gene-8 expression per the proposal of a previous in vivo study. In addition, we found that patient-derived iMGs showed reduced phagocytosis and increased TREM2 expression. We analyzed the phenotype of the PD-iMGs by RNA sequencing. The PD-iMGs clustered together distinct from HC-iMGs. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of cholesterol biosynthesis and steroid metabolism in PD-iMGs. Regarding the cholesterol synthesis pathway, we discovered ACAT2 and DHCR7 as the most impacted genes related to a character of PD-iMGs compared to HC-iMGs. The ACAT2, a major cholesterol esterifier, was increased in PD-iMGs. Nevertheless, PD-iMGs did not show lipid droplet accumulation. Interestingly, ACAT2 expression was inversely correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety sensitivity to publicly observable anxiety reactions. We propose that microglia of PD patients have unique characteristics with dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and impaired phagocytosis, reflecting clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung You
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Rim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- grid.452398.10000 0004 0570 1076Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13497 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Sung
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Ju Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13497, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, CHA BIO COMPLEX, 335 Pangyo, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Wang EJ, Wu MY, Ren ZY, Zheng Y, Ye RD, TAN CSH, Wang Y, Lu JH. Targeting macrophage autophagy for inflammation resolution and tissue repair in inflammatory bowel disease. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad004. [PMID: 37152076 PMCID: PMC10157272 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, non-specific, recurrent inflammatory disease, majorly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Due to its unclear pathogenesis, the current therapeutic strategy for IBD is focused on symptoms alleviation. Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic process for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies and subsequent functional studies have highlighted the critical role of autophagy in IBD via a number of mechanisms, including modulating macrophage function. Macrophages are the gatekeepers of intestinal immune homeostasis, especially involved in regulating inflammation remission and tissue repair. Interestingly, many autophagic proteins and IBD-related genes have been revealed to regulate macrophage function, suggesting that macrophage autophagy is a potentially important process implicated in IBD regulation. Here, we have summarized current understanding of macrophage autophagy function in pathogen and apoptotic cell clearance, inflammation remission and tissue repair regulation in IBD, and discuss how this knowledge can be used as a strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wu
- Center for Metabolic Liver Diseases and Center for Cholestatic Liver Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zheng-yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Chris Soon Heng TAN
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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22
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Liu J, Gong W, Liu P, Li Y, Jiang H, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. Macrophages-microenvironment crosstalk in fibrostenotic inflammatory bowel disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical applications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:1011-1026. [PMID: 36573664 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2161889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with no available drugs. The current therapeutic principle is surgical intervention as the core. Intestinal macrophages contribute to both the progression of inflammation and fibrosis. Understanding the role of macrophages in the intestinal microenvironment could bring new hope for fibrosis prevention or even reversal. AREAS COVERED This article reviewed the most relevant reports on macrophage in the field of intestinal fibrosis. The authors discussed current opinions about how intestinal macrophages function and interact with surrounding mediators during inflammation resolution and fibrostenotic IBD. Based on biological mechanisms findings, authors summarized related clinical trial outcomes. EXPERT OPINION The plasticity of intestinal macrophages allows them to undergo dramatic alterations in their phenotypes or functions when exposed to gastrointestinal environmental stimuli. They exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics, secrete various cytokines, express unique surface markers, and transmit different signals. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism through which the intestinal macrophages contribute to intestinal fibrosis remains unclear. It should further elucidate a novel therapeutic approach by targeting macrophages, especially distinct mechanisms in specific subgroups of macrophages involved in the progression of fibrogenesis in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanhan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Peizhao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210019, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210019, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, 210002, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Mannose ameliorates experimental colitis by protecting intestinal barrier integrity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4804. [PMID: 35974017 PMCID: PMC9381535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite alteration has been associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including colitis. Mannose, a natural bioactive monosaccharide that is involved in metabolism and synthesis of glycoproteins, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. We show here that the circulating level of mannose is increased in patients with IBD and mice with experimental colitis. Mannose treatment attenuates intestinal barrier damage in two mouse colitis models, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and spontaneous colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. We demonstrate that mannose treatment enhanced lysosomal integrity and limited the release of cathepsin B, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-induced tight junction disruption in the context of intestinal epithelial damage. Mannose exerts a synergistic therapeutic effect with mesalamine on mouse colitis. Cumulatively, the results indicate that mannose supplementation may be an optional approach to the treatment of colitis and other diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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24
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Kenyon M, Maguire S, Rueda Pujol A, O'Shea F, McManus R. The genetic backbone of ankylosing spondylitis: how knowledge of genetic susceptibility informs our understanding and management of disease. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:2085-2095. [PMID: 35939079 PMCID: PMC9548471 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a seronegative, chronic inflammatory arthritis with high genetic burden. A strong association with HLA-B27 has long been established, but to date its contribution to disease aetiology remains unresolved. Recent insights through genome wide studies reveal an increasing array of immunogenetic risk variants extraneous to the HLA complex in AS cohorts. These genetic traits build a complex profile of disease causality, highlighting several molecular pathways associated with the condition. This and other evidence strongly implicates T-cell-driven pathology, revolving around the T helper 17 cell subset as an important contributor to disease. This prominence of the T helper 17 cell subset has presented the opportunity for therapeutic intervention through inhibition of interleukins 17 and 23 which drive T helper 17 activity. While targeting of interleukin 17 has proven effective, this success has not been replicated with interleukin 23 inhibition in AS patients. Evidence points to significant genetic diversity between AS patients which may, in part, explain the observed refractoriness among a proportion of patients. In this review we discuss the impact of genetics on our understanding of AS and its relationship with closely linked pathologies. We further explore how genetics can be used in the development of therapeutics and as a tool to assist in the diagnosis and management of patients. This evidence indicates that genetic profiling should play a role in the clinician’s choice of therapy as part of a precision medicine strategy towards disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kenyon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sinead Maguire
- Department of Rheumatology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Rueda Pujol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finbar O'Shea
- Department of Rheumatology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross McManus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Chen X, Jaiswal A, Costliow Z, Herbst P, Creasey EA, Oshiro-Rapley N, Daly MJ, Carey KL, Graham DB, Xavier RJ. pH sensing controls tissue inflammation by modulating cellular metabolism and endo-lysosomal function of immune cells. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1063-1075. [PMID: 35668320 PMCID: PMC9720675 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular acidification occurs in inflamed tissue and the tumor microenvironment; however, a systematic study on how pH sensing contributes to tissue homeostasis is lacking. In the present study, we examine cell type-specific roles of the pH sensor G protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) and its inflammatory disease-associated Ile231Leu-coding variant in inflammation control. GPR65 Ile231Leu knock-in mice are highly susceptible to both bacterial infection-induced and T cell-driven colitis. Mechanistically, GPR65 Ile231Leu elicits a cytokine imbalance through impaired helper type 17 T cell (TH17 cell) and TH22 cell differentiation and interleukin (IL)-22 production in association with altered cellular metabolism controlled through the cAMP-CREB-DGAT1 axis. In dendritic cells, GPR65 Ile231Leu elevates IL-12 and IL-23 release at acidic pH and alters endo-lysosomal fusion and degradation capacity, resulting in enhanced antigen presentation. The present study highlights GPR65 Ile231Leu as a multistep risk factor in intestinal inflammation and illuminates a mechanism by which pH sensing controls inflammatory circuits and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alok Jaiswal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Paula Herbst
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Creasey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noriko Oshiro-Rapley
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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26
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Imenez Silva PH, Câmara NO, Wagner CA. Role of proton-activated G protein-coupled receptors in pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C400-C414. [PMID: 35759438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00114.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Local acidification is a common feature of many disease processes such as inflammation, infarction, or solid tumor growth. Acidic pH is not merely a sequelae of disease but contributes to recruitment and regulation of immune cells, modifies metabolism of parenchymal, immune and tumor cells, modulates fibrosis, vascular permeability, oxygen availability and consumption, invasiveness of tumor cells, and impacts on cell survival. Thus, multiple pH-sensing mechanisms must exist in cells involved in these processes. These pH-sensors play important roles in normal physiology and pathophysiology, and hence might be attractive targets for pharmacological interventions. Among the pH-sensing mechanisms, OGR1 (GPR68), GPR4 (GPR4), and TDAG8 (GPR65) have emerged as important molecules. These G protein-coupled receptors are widely expressed, are upregulated in inflammation and tumors, sense changes in extracellular pH in the range between pH 8 and 6, and are involved in modulating key processes in inflammation, tumor biology, and fibrosis. This review discusses key features of these receptors and highlights important disease states and pathways affected by their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland
| | - Niels Olsen Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland
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27
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When inflammation turns sour on T cells. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:991-993. [PMID: 35697839 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Cao P, Yang M, Chang C, Wu H, Lu Q. Germinal Center-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Skin Diseases: from Basic Research to Clinical Trials. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:357-370. [PMID: 35674978 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) reaction greatly contributes to the humoral immune response, which begins in lymph nodes or other secondary lymphoid organs after follicular B cells are activated by T-dependent antigens. The GCs then serve as a platform for follicular B cells to complete clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation and then interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and follicular helper T cells (Tfh). Through the interaction between the immune cells, significant processes of the humoral immune response are accomplished, such as antibody affinity maturation, class switching, and production of memory B cells and plasma cells. Cell positioning during the GC reaction is mainly mediated by the chemokine receptors and lipid receptors, which both belong to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. There are some orphan GPCRs whose endogenous ligands are unclear yet contribute to the regulation of GC reaction as well. This review will give an introduction on the ligands and functions of two types of GC-relating GPCRs-chemokine receptors like CXCR4 and CXCR5, as well as emerging de-orphanized GPCRs like GPR183, GPR174, and P2RY8. The roles these GPCRs play in several antibody-mediated autoimmune skin diseases will be also discussed, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pemphigus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis. Besides, GPCRs are excellent drug targets due to the unique structure and vital functions. Therefore, this review is aimed at providing readers with a focused knowledge about the role that GPCRs play in GC reaction, as well as in provoking the development of GPCR-targeting agents for immune-mediated diseases besides autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, 33021, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research On Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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29
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Hathaway‐Schrader JD, Novince CM. GPR65, a novel regulator of helper T-cell polarization in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e857. [PMID: 35678010 PMCID: PMC9178348 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Hathaway‐Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Chad M. Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
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30
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Feng Z, Sun R, Cong Y, Liu Z. Critical roles of G protein-coupled receptors in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:819-828. [PMID: 35732818 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a group of membrane proteins that mediate most of the physiological responses to various signaling molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and environmental stimulants. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and presents a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders falling under two main clinical subtypes including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and is related to a genetically dysregulated mucosal immune response to environmental drivers, mainly microbiotas. Although many drugs, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents, have been approved for IBD treatment, none can cure IBD permanently. Emerging evidence indicates significant associations between GPCRs and the pathogenesis of IBD. Here, we provide an overview of the essential physiological functions and signaling pathways of GPCRs and their roles in mucosal immunity and IBD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruicong Sun
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
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31
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Keren-Kaplan T, Sarić A, Ghosh S, Williamson CD, Jia R, Li Y, Bonifacino JS. RUFY3 and RUFY4 are ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1506. [PMID: 35314674 PMCID: PMC8938451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase ARL8 associates with endolysosomes, leading to the recruitment of several effectors that couple endolysosomes to kinesins for anterograde transport along microtubules, and to tethering factors for eventual fusion with other organelles. Herein we report the identification of the RUN- and FYVE-domain-containing proteins RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8 effectors that promote coupling of endolysosomes to dynein-dynactin for retrograde transport along microtubules. Using various methodologies, we find that RUFY3 and RUFY4 interact with both GTP-bound ARL8 and dynein-dynactin. In addition, we show that RUFY3 and RUFY4 promote concentration of endolysosomes in the juxtanuclear area of non-neuronal cells, and drive redistribution of endolysosomes from the axon to the soma in hippocampal neurons. The function of RUFY3 in retrograde transport contributes to the juxtanuclear redistribution of endolysosomes upon cytosol alkalinization. These studies thus identify RUFY3 and RUFY4 as ARL8-dependent, dynein-dynactin adaptors or regulators, and highlight the role of ARL8 in the control of both anterograde and retrograde endolysosome transport. Organellar transport is carefully regulated, and endolysosome localized ARL8 is important for kinesin recruitment and anterograde movement. Here, the authors show that RUFY3 and RUFY4 promote retrograde transport of endolysosomes by mediating interaction of ARL8 with dynein-dynactin.
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32
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Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA. Physiological relevance of proton-activated GPCRs. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:487-504. [PMID: 35247105 PMCID: PMC8993716 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The detection of H+ concentration variations in the extracellular milieu is accomplished by a series of specialized and non-specialized pH-sensing mechanisms. The proton-activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4 (Gpr4), TDAG8 (Gpr65), and OGR1 (Gpr68) form a subfamily of proteins capable of triggering intracellular signaling in response to alterations in extracellular pH around physiological values, i.e., in the range between pH 7.5 and 6.5. Expression of these receptors is widespread for GPR4 and OGR1 with particularly high levels in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively, while expression of TDAG8 appears to be more restricted to the immune compartment. These receptors have been linked to several well-studied pH-dependent physiological activities including central control of respiration, renal adaption to changes in acid–base status, secretion of insulin and peripheral responsiveness to insulin, mechanosensation, and cellular chemotaxis. Their role in pathological processes such as the genesis and progression of several inflammatory diseases (asthma, inflammatory bowel disease), and tumor cell metabolism and invasiveness, is increasingly receiving more attention and makes these receptors novel and interesting targets for therapy. In this review, we cover the role of these receptors in physiological processes and will briefly discuss some implications for disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lin R, Wu W, Chen H, Gao H, Wu X, Li G, He Q, Lu H, Sun M, Liu Z. GPR65 promotes intestinal mucosal Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and gut inflammation through downregulating NUAK2. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e771. [PMID: 35343079 PMCID: PMC8958354 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65), a susceptibility gene for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), has been identified to promote Th17 cell pathogenicity and induce T cell apoptosis. However, the potential role of GPR65 in modulating CD4+ T cell immune responses in the pathogenesis of IBD stills not entirely understood. Here, we displayed that GPR65 expression was increased in inflamed intestinal mucosa of IBD patients and positively associated with disease activity. It was expressed in CD4+ T cells and robustly upregulated through the TNF-α-caspase 3/8 signalling pathway. Ectopic expression of GPR65 significantly promoted the differentiation of peripheral blood (PB) CD4+ T cells from IBD patients and HC to Th1 and Th17 cells in vitro. Importantly, conditional knockout of Gpr65 in CD4+ T cells ameliorated trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute murine colitis and a chronic colitis in Rag1-/- mice reconstituted with CD45RBhigh CD4+ T cells in vivo, characterised by attenuated Th1 and Th17 cell immune response in colon mucosa and decreased infiltration of CD4+ T cells, neutrophils and macrophages. RNA-seq analysis of Gpr65ΔCD4 and Gpr65flx/flx CD4+ T cells revealed that NUAK family kinase 2 (Nuak2) acts as a functional target of Gpr65 to restrict Th1 and Th17 cell immune response. Mechanistically, GPR65 deficiency promoted NUAK2 expression via the cAMP-PKA-C-Raf-ERK1/2-LKB1-mediated signalling pathway. Consistently, silencing of Nuak2 facilitated the differentiation of Gpr65ΔCD4 and Gpr65flx/flx CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells. Therefore, our data point out that GPR65 promotes Th1 and Th17 cell immune response and intestinal mucosal inflammation by suppressing NUAK2 expression, and that targeting GPR65 and NUAK2 in CD4+ T cells may represent a novel therapeutic approach for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritian Lin
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Wu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huimin Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Han Gao
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Gengfeng Li
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qiong He
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huiying Lu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingming Sun
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ResearchThe Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University of School MedicineShanghaiChina
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IBD-associated G protein-coupled receptor 65 variant compromises signalling and impairs key functions involved in inflammation. Cell Signal 2022; 93:110294. [PMID: 35218908 PMCID: PMC9536022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result in chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Genetic studies have shown that the GPR65 gene, as well as its missense coding variant, GPR65*Ile231Leu, is associated with IBD. We aimed to define the signalling and biological pathways downstream of GPR65 activation and evaluate the impact of GPR65*231Leu on these. METHODS We used HEK 293 cells stably expressing GPR65 and deficient for either Gαs, Gαq/11 or Gα12/13, to define GPR65 signalling pathways, IBD patient biopsies and a panel of human tissues, primary immune cells and cell lines to determine biologic context, and genetic modulation of human THP-1-derived macrophages to examine the impact of GPR65 in bacterial phagocytosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. RESULTS We confirmed that GPR65 signals via the Gαs pathway, leading to cAMP accumulation. GPR65 can also signal via the Gα12/13 pathway leading to formation of stress fibers, actin remodeling and RhoA activation; all impaired by the IBD-associated GPR65*231Leu allele. Gene expression profiling revealed greater expression of GPR65 in biopsies from inflamed compared to non-inflamed tissues from IBD patients or control individuals, potentially explained by infiltration of inflammatory immune cells. Decreased GPR65 expression in THP-1-derived macrophages leads to impaired bacterial phagocytosis, increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in response to an inflammatory stimulus. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that GPR65 exerts its effects through Gαs- and Gα12/13-mediated pathways, that the IBD-associated GPR65*231Leu allele has compromised interactions with Gα12/13 and that KD of GPR65 leads to impaired bacterial phagocytosis and increased inflammatory signalling via the NLRP3 inflammasome. This work identifies a target for development of small molecule therapies.
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de Vallière C, Cosin-Roger J, Baebler K, Schoepflin A, Mamie C, Mollet M, Schuler C, Bengs S, Lang S, Scharl M, Seuwen K, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M, Rogler G. pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031419. [PMID: 35163345 PMCID: PMC8835966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local extracellular acidification occurs at sites of inflammation. Proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, also known as GPR68) responds to decreases in extracellular pH. Our previous studies show a role for OGR1 in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation, suggesting a link between tissue pH and immune responses. Additionally, pH-dependent signalling is associated with the progression of intestinal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate OGR1 expression and OGR1-mediated signalling in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our results show that OGR1 expression significantly increased in patients with IBD compared to non-IBD patients, as demonstrated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Paired samples from non-inflamed and inflamed intestinal areas of IBD patients showed stronger OGR1 IHC staining in inflamed mucosal segments compared to non-inflamed mucosa. IHC of human surgical samples revealed OGR1 expression in macrophages, granulocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. OGR1-dependent inositol phosphate (IP) production was significantly increased in CD14+ monocytes from IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. Primary human and murine fibroblasts exhibited OGR1-dependent IP formation, RhoA activation, F-actin, and stress fibre formation upon an acidic pH shift. OGR1 expression and signalling increases with IBD disease activity, suggesting an active role of OGR1 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Michelle Mollet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4033 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)44-255-2401
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Mondal B, Dutta T, Padhy A, Das S, Sen Gupta S. Lysosome-Targeting Strategy Using Polypeptides and Chimeric Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5-16. [PMID: 35036673 PMCID: PMC8757330 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membranous compartments containing hydrolytic enzymes, where cellular degradation of proteins and enzymes among others occurs in a controlled manner. Lysosomal dysfunction results in various pathological situations, such as several lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegeneration, infectious diseases, cancers, and aging. In this review, we have discussed different strategies for synthesizing peptides/chimeric molecules, their lysosome-targeting ability, and their ability to treat several lysosomal associated diseases, including lysosomal storage diseases and cancers. We have also discussed the delivery of cargo molecules into the lysosome using lysosome-targeting ligand-decorated nanocarriers. The introduction of a protein-binding ligand along with a lysosome-targeting ligand to manufacture a chimeric architecture for cell-specific protein (extracellular and membrane protein) degradation ability has been discussed thoroughly. Finally, the future applications of these lysosome-targeting peptides, nanocarriers, and chimeric molecules have been pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Tahiti Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Abinash Padhy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sabyasachi Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sayam Sen Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
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Cavounidis A, Pandey S, Capitani M, Friedrich M, Cross A, Gartner L, Aschenbrenner D, Kim-Schulze S, Lam YK, Berridge G, McGovern DPB, Kessler B, Fischer R, Klenerman P, Hester J, Issa F, Torres EA, Powrie F, Gochuico BR, Gahl WA, Cohen L, Uhlig HH. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 causes impaired anti-microbial immunity and inflammation due to dysregulated immunometabolism. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1431-1446. [PMID: 36302964 PMCID: PMC9607658 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) types 1 and 4 are caused by defective vesicle trafficking. The mechanism for Crohn's disease-like inflammation, lung fibrosis, and macrophage lipid accumulation in these patients remains enigmatic. The aim of this study is to understand the cellular basis of inflammation in HPS-1. We performed mass cytometry, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate peripheral blood cells and serum of HPS-1 patients. Using spatial transcriptomics, granuloma-associated signatures in the tissue of an HPS-1 patient with granulomatous colitis were dissected. In vitro studies were conducted to investigate anti-microbial responses of HPS-1 patient macrophages and cell lines. Monocytes of HPS-1 patients exhibit an inflammatory phenotype associated with dysregulated TNF, IL-1α, OSM in serum, and monocyte-derived macrophages. Inflammatory macrophages accumulate in the intestine and granuloma-associated macrophages in HPS-1 show transcriptional signatures suggestive of a lipid storage and metabolic defect. We show that HPS1 deficiency leads to an altered metabolic program and Rab32-dependent amplified mTOR signaling, facilitated by the accumulation of mTOR on lysosomes. This pathogenic mechanism translates into aberrant bacterial clearance, which can be rescued with mTORC1 inhibition. Rab32-mediated mTOR signaling acts as an immuno-metabolic checkpoint, adding to the evidence that defective bioenergetics can drive hampered anti-microbial activity and contribute to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athena Cavounidis
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.425090.a0000 0004 0468 9597Present Address: GSK, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Sumeet Pandey
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,Present Address: GSK Immunology Network, GSK Medicines Research Center, Stevenage, UK
| | - Melania Capitani
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,Present Address: SenTcell Ltd, London, UK
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Cross
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Gartner
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominik Aschenbrenner
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.419481.10000 0001 1515 9979Present Address: Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Ying Ka Lam
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Georgina Berridge
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Target Discovery Institute, Center for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dermot P. B. McGovern
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Benedikt Kessler
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Target Discovery Institute, Center for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Target Discovery Institute, Center for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanna Hester
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fadi Issa
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther A. Torres
- grid.267033.30000 0004 0462 1680University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Fiona Powrie
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bernadette R. Gochuico
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - William A. Gahl
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Louis Cohen
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.454382.c0000 0004 7871 7212Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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Li Y, Chen Y, Jiang L, Zhang J, Tong X, Chen D, Le W. Intestinal Inflammation and Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2052-2068. [PMID: 34881085 PMCID: PMC8612622 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease which significantly influences the life quality of patients. The protein α-synuclein plays an important driving role in PD occurrence and development. Braak's hypothesis suggests that α-synuclein is produced in intestine, and then spreads into the central nervous system through the vagus nerve. The abnormal expression of α-synuclein has been found in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis have been involved in the occurrence and development of PD. The present review aimed to summarize recent advancements in studies focusing on intestinal inflammation and PD, especially the mechanisms through which link intestinal inflammation and PD. The intestinal dysfunctions such as constipation have been introduced as non-motor manifestations of PD. The possible linkages between IBD and PD, including genetic overlaps, inflammatory responses, intestinal permeability, and intestinal dysbiosis, are mainly discussed. Although it is not confirmed whether PD starts from intestine, intestinal dysfunction may affect intestinal microenvironment to influence central nervous system, including the α-synuclein pathologies and systematic inflammation. It is expected to develop some new strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of PD from the aspect of intestine. It may also become an exciting direction to find better ways to regulate the composition of gut microorganism to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Lili Jiang
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xuhui Tong
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Comparative Medicine Department of Researching and Teaching, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Fan RF, Tang KK, Wang ZY, Wang L. Persistent activation of Nrf2 promotes a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and autophagy inhibition in cadmium-induced kidney injury. Toxicology 2021; 464:152999. [PMID: 34695510 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) serves as the master regulator of antioxidant signaling and inhibition or hyperactivation of Nrf2 pathway will result in the redox imbalance to induce tissue injury. Herein, we established cadmium (Cd)-exposed rat kidney injury model by intraperitoneal injection with CdCl2 (1.5 mg/kg body weight) and cytotoxicity model of NRK-52E cells by CdCl2 (5 μM) exposure to reveal the role of Nrf2 hyperactivation in Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. Data from the in vitro and in vivo study showed that Cd caused Nrf2 nuclear retention due to nuclear-cytoplasmic depletion of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and Sequestosome-1(SQSTM1/p62) accumulation, leading to the persistent activation of Nrf2. Moreover, we established inhibited models of Cd-induced prolonged Nrf2 activation using siRNA-mediated gene silencing in vitro and pharmacological inhibition in vivo for subsequent assays. First, Cd-induced cytotoxicity, renal injury and concomitant oxidative stress were markedly alleviated by Nrf2 inhibition. Second, Cd-induced autophagy inhibition was notably alleviated by Nrf2 inhibition. Further, we revealed underlying molecular mechanisms of the crosstalk between persistent activation of Nrf2 and autophagy inhibition in Cd-induced nephrotoxicity. Data showed that Cd-induced lysosomal dysfunction evidenced by impaired lysosomal biogenesis and degradation capacity was markedly recovered by Nrf2 inhibition. Meanwhile, Cd-impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion was obviously restored by Nrf2 inhibition. In conclusion, our findings revealed that persistent activation of Nrf2 promoted a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and autophagy inhibition in Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Kou-Kou Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Sisignano M, Fischer MJM, Geisslinger G. Proton-Sensing GPCRs in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082050. [PMID: 34440817 PMCID: PMC8392051 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) consists of the four receptors GPR4, TDAG8 (GPR65), OGR1 (GPR68), and G2A (GPR132). These receptors are cellular sensors of acidification, a property that has been attributed to the presence of crucial histidine residues. However, the pH detection varies considerably among the group of proton-sensing GPCRs and ranges from pH of 5.5 to 7.8. While the proton-sensing GPCRs were initially considered to detect acidic cellular environments in the context of inflammation, recent observations have expanded our knowledge about their physiological and pathophysiological functions and many additional individual and unique features have been discovered that suggest a more differentiated role of these receptors in health and disease. It is known that all four receptors contribute to different aspects of tumor biology, cardiovascular physiology, and asthma. However, apart from their overlapping functions, they seem to have individual properties, and recent publications identify potential roles of individual GPCRs in mechanosensation, intestinal inflammation, oncoimmunological interactions, hematopoiesis, as well as inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we put together the knowledge about the biological functions and structural features of the four proton-sensing GPCRs and discuss the biological role of each of the four receptors individually. We explore all currently known pharmacological modulators of the four receptors and highlight potential use. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps in the biological and pharmacological context of proton-sensing GPCRs that should be addressed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael J. M. Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract
Autophagy is an important intracellular lysosomal degradation process in cells, which is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. The process of autophagy is roughly divided into the following key steps: the formation of a membrane structure called ISM (isolated membrane) after stimulation, the biogenesis and maturation of autophagosomes, and finally the degradation of autophagosomes. A number of proteins are required to function in the whole process of autophagy. Since the initial genetic screening in yeast cells, multiple genes that play pivotal roles in autophagy have been discovered. These molecules have been named ATG genes (AuTophaGy related genes). The screening for new key molecules involved in autophagy has greatly promoted the characterization of the mechanism of the autophagy machinery and provides multiple targets for the development of autophagy-based regulatory drugs.
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Valečka J, Camosseto V, McEwan DG, Terawaki S, Liu Z, Strock E, Almeida CR, Su B, Dikic I, Liang Y, Gatti E, Pierre P. RUFY4 exists as two translationally regulated isoforms, that localize to the mitochondrion in activated macrophages. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202333. [PMID: 34295519 PMCID: PMC8278043 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report here that RUFY4, a newly characterized member of the 'RUN and FYVE domain-containing' family of proteins previously associated with autophagy enhancement, is highly expressed in alveolar macrophages (AM). We show that RUFY4 interacts with mitochondria upon stimulation by microbial-associated molecular patterns of AM and dendritic cells. RUFY4 interaction with mitochondria and other organelles is dependent on a previously uncharacterized OmpH domain located immediately upstream of its C-terminal FYVE domain. Further, we demonstrate that rufy4 messenger RNA can be translated from an alternative translation initiation codon, giving rise to a N-terminally truncated form of the molecule lacking most of its RUN domain and with enhanced potential for its interaction with mitochondria. Our observations point towards a role of RUFY4 in selective mitochondria clearance in activated phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Valečka
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Voahirana Camosseto
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - David G. McEwan
- Tumour Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Seigo Terawaki
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Eva Strock
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Catarina R. Almeida
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Yinming Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Evelina Gatti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
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43
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Xie L, McKenzie CI, Qu X, Mu Y, Wang Q, Bing N, Naidoo K, Alam MJ, Yu D, Gong F, Ang C, Robert R, Marques FZ, Furlotte N, Hinds D, Gasser O, Xavier RJ, Mackay CR. pH and Proton Sensor GPR65 Determine Susceptibility to Atopic Dermatitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:101-109. [PMID: 34135065 PMCID: PMC8674371 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
pH sensing by GPR65 regulates various inflammatory conditions, but its role in skin remains unknown. In this study, we performed a phenome-wide association study and report that the T allele of GPR65-intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism rs8005161, which reduces GPR65 signaling, showed a significant association with atopic dermatitis, in addition to inflammatory bowel diseases and asthma, as previously reported. Consistent with this genetic association in humans, we show that deficiency of GPR65 in mice resulted in markedly exacerbated disease in the MC903 experimental model of atopic dermatitis. Deficiency of GPR65 also increased neutrophil migration in vitro. Moreover, GPR65 deficiency in mice resulted in higher expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α by T cells. In humans, CD4+ T cells from rs8005161 heterozygous individuals expressed higher levels of TNF-α after PMA/ionomycin stimulation, particularly under pH 6 conditions. pH sensing by GPR65 appears to be important for regulating the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig I McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinyan Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | | | - Karmella Naidoo
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Di Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Caroline Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Remy Robert
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute, MA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
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Zhang Z, Yue P, Lu T, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33990205 PMCID: PMC8120021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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45
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Single-cell analyses of Crohn's disease tissues reveal intestinal intraepithelial T cells heterogeneity and altered subset distributions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1921. [PMID: 33771991 PMCID: PMC7997960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic transmural inflammation of intestinal segments caused by dysregulated interaction between microbiome and gut immune system. Here, we profile, via multiple single-cell technologies, T cells purified from the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria (LP) from terminal ileum resections of adult severe CD cases. We find that intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) contain several unique T cell subsets, including NKp30+γδT cells expressing RORγt and producing IL-26 upon NKp30 engagement. Further analyses comparing tissues from non-inflamed and inflamed regions of patients with CD versus healthy controls show increased activated TH17 but decreased CD8+T, γδT, TFH and Treg cells in inflamed tissues. Similar analyses of LP find increased CD8+, as well as reduced CD4+T cells with an elevated TH17 over Treg/TFH ratio. Our analyses of CD tissues thus suggest a potential link, pending additional validations, between transmural inflammation, reduced IEL γδT cells and altered spatial distribution of IEL and LP T cell subsets.
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46
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Karimi K, Farid AH, Myles S, Miar Y. Detection of selection signatures for response to Aleutian mink disease virus infection in American mink. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2944. [PMID: 33536540 PMCID: PMC7859209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aleutian disease (AD) is the most significant health issue for farmed American mink. The objective of this study was to identify the genomic regions subjected to selection for response to infection with Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in American mink using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) data. A total of 225 black mink were inoculated with AMDV and genotyped using a GBS assay based on the sequencing of ApeKI-digested libraries. Five AD-characterized phenotypes were used to assign animals to pairwise groups. Signatures of selection were detected using integrated measurement of fixation index (FST) and nucleotide diversity (θπ), that were validated by haplotype-based (hap-FLK) test. The total of 99 putatively selected regions harbouring 63 genes were detected in different groups. The gene ontology revealed numerous genes related to immune response (e.g. TRAF3IP2, WDR7, SWAP70, CBFB, and GPR65), liver development (e.g. SULF2, SRSF5) and reproduction process (e.g. FBXO5, CatSperβ, CATSPER4, and IGF2R). The hapFLK test supported two strongly selected regions that contained five candidate genes related to immune response, virus–host interaction, reproduction and liver regeneration. This study provided the first map of putative selection signals of response to AMDV infection in American mink, bringing new insights into genomic regions controlling the AD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Karimi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - A Hossain Farid
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Younes Miar
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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47
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Lee HS, Lobbestael E, Vermeire S, Sabino J, Cleynen I. Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease: common pathophysiological links. Gut 2021; 70:408-417. [PMID: 33067333 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease are chronic progressive disorders that mainly affect different organs: the gut and brain, respectively. Accumulating evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gastrointestinal inflammation and neurodegeneration, in accordance with the concept of the 'gut-brain axis'. Moreover, recent population-based studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease might increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. Although the precise mechanisms underlying gut-brain interactions remain elusive, some of the latest findings have begun to explain the link. Several genetic loci are shared between both disorders with a similar direction of effect on the risk of both diseases. The most interesting example is LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), initially identified as a causal gene in Parkinson's disease, and recently also implicated in Crohn's disease. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the link between these seemingly unrelated diseases with shared genetic susceptibility. We discuss supporting and conflicting data obtained from epidemiological and genetic studies along with remaining questions and concerns. In addition, we discuss possible biological links including the gut-brain axis, microbiota, autoimmunity, mitochondrial function and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Su Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- Department of Chronic diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Zhang H, Cui Z, Cheng D, Du Y, Guo X, Gao R, Chen J, Sun W, He R, Ma X, Peng Q, Martin BN, Yan W, Rong Y, Wang C. RNF186 regulates EFNB1 (ephrin B1)-EPHB2-induced autophagy in the colonic epithelial cells for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Autophagy 2020; 17:3030-3047. [PMID: 33280498 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1851496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies have identified the gene RNF186 encoding an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase as conferring susceptibility to ulcerative colitis, the exact function of this protein remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate an important role for RNF186 in macroautophagy/autophagy activation in colonic epithelial cells and intestinal homeostasis. Mechanistically, RNF186 acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase for EPHB2 and regulates the ubiquitination of EPHB2. Upon stimulation by ligand EFNB1 (ephrin B1), EPHB2 is ubiquitinated by RNF186 at Lys892, and further recruits MAP1LC3B for autophagy. Compared to control mice, rnf186-/- and ephb2-/- mice have a more severe phenotype in the DSS-induced colitis model, which is due to a defect in autophagy in colon epithelial cells. More importantly, treatment with ephrin-B1-Fc recombinant protein effectively relieves DSS-induced mouse colitis, which suggests that ephrin-B1-Fc may be a potential therapy for human inflammatory bowel diseases.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; Cas9: CRISPR associated protein 9; CD: Crohn disease; CQ: chloroquine; Csf2: colony stimulating factor 2; Cxcl1: c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 1; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; EFNB1: ephrin B1; EPHB2: EPH receptor B2; EPHB3: EPH receptor B3; EPHB2K788R: lysine 788 mutated to arginine in EPHB2; EPHB2K892R: lysine 892 mutated to arginine in EPHB2; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GWAS: genome-wide association studies; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; HSPA5/BiP: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; IBD: inflammatory bowel diseases; Il1b: interleukin 1 beta; Il6: interleukin 6; IRGM:immunity related GTPase M; i.p.: intraperitoneally; IPP: inorganic pyrophosphatase; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NOD2: nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RNF186: ring finger protein 186; RNF186A64T: alanine 64 mutated to threonine in RNF186; RNF186R179X: arginine 179 mutated to X in RNF186; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; Tnf: tumor necrosis factor; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; Ub: ubiquitin; UBE2D2: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D2; UBE2H: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 H; UBE2K: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 K; UBE2N: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N; UC: ulcerative colitis; ULK1:unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Du Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyun Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruirui He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bradley N Martin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Yueguang Rong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, China
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49
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Matoba K, Yamashita S, Isaksen TJ, Yamashita T. Proton-sensing receptor GPR132 facilitates migration of astrocytes. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:106-113. [PMID: 33333086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are one of the first responders to central nervous system (CNS) injuries such as spinal cord injury (SCI). They are thought to repress injury-induced CNS inflammation as well as inhibit axonal regeneration. While reactive astrocytes migrate and accumulate around the lesion core, the mechanism of astrocyte migration towards the lesion site remains unclear. Here, we examined possible involvement of acidification of the lesion site and expression of proton-sensing receptors in astrocyte migration, both in mice models and in vitro. We found that the expression of several proton-sensing receptors was increased at the lesion site after SCI. Among these receptors, Gpr132 was expressed in primary cultured astrocytes and exhibited significant enhanced expression in acidic conditions in vitro. Furthermore, astrocyte motility was enhanced in acidic media and by Gpr132 activation. These results suggest that acidification of the lesion site facilitates astrocyte migration via the proton-sensing receptor Gpr132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Matoba
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Toke Jost Isaksen
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Lahue KG, Lara MK, Linton AA, Lavoie B, Fang Q, McGill MM, Crothers JW, Teuscher C, Mawe GM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Krementsov DN. Identification of novel loci controlling inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility utilizing the genetic diversity of wild-derived mice. Genes Immun 2020; 21:311-325. [PMID: 32848229 PMCID: PMC7657953 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-00110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder that imposes a growing health burden. Multiple genetic associations have been identified in IBD, but the mechanisms underlying many of these associations are poorly understood. Animal models are needed to bridge this gap, but conventional laboratory mouse strains lack the genetic diversity of human populations. To more accurately model human genetic diversity, we utilized a panel of chromosome (Chr) substitution strains, carrying chromosomes from the wild-derived and genetically divergent PWD/PhJ (PWD) strain on the commonly used C57BL/6J (B6) background, as well as their parental B6 and PWD strains. Two models of IBD were used, TNBS- and DSS-induced colitis. Compared with B6 mice, PWD mice were highly susceptible to TNBS-induced colitis, but resistant to DSS-induced colitis. Using consomic mice, we identified several PWD-derived loci that exhibited profound effects on IBD susceptibility. The most pronounced of these were loci on Chr1 and Chr2, which yielded high susceptibility in both IBD models, each acting at distinct phases of the disease. Leveraging transcriptomic data from B6 and PWD immune cells, together with a machine learning approach incorporating human IBD genetic associations, we identified lead candidate genes, including Itga4, Pip4k2a, Lcn10, Lgmn, and Gpr65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Montana K Lara
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Alisha A Linton
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Brigitte Lavoie
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Mahalia M McGill
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jessica W Crothers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Anna L Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - J Matthew Mahoney
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Computer Science University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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