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Carnevale S, Ponzetta A, Rigatelli A, Carriero R, Puccio S, Supino D, Grieco G, Molisso P, Di Ceglie I, Scavello F, Perucchini C, Pasqualini F, Recordati C, Tripodo C, Belmonte B, Mariancini A, Kunderfranco P, Sciumè G, Lugli E, Bonavita E, Magrini E, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Jaillon S. Neutrophils Mediate Protection Against Colitis and Carcinogenesis by Controlling Bacterial Invasion and IL22 Production by γδ T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:413-426. [PMID: 38349973 PMCID: PMC10985471 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood and play a primary role in resistance against invading microorganisms and in the acute inflammatory response. However, their role in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer is still under debate. This study aims to dissect the role of neutrophils in these pathologic contexts by using a rigorous genetic approach. Neutrophil-deficient mice (Csf3r-/- mice) were used in classic models of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer and the role of neutrophils was assessed by histologic, cellular, and molecular analyses coupled with adoptive cell transfer. We also performed correlative analyses using human datasets. Csf3r-/- mice showed increased susceptibility to colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer compared with control Csf3r+/+ mice and adoptive transfer of neutrophils in Csf3r-/- mice reverted the phenotype. In colitis, Csf3r-/- mice showed increased bacterial invasion and a reduced number of healing ulcers in the colon, indicating a compromised regenerative capacity of epithelial cells. Neutrophils were essential for γδ T-cell polarization and IL22 production. In patients with ulcerative colitis, expression of CSF3R was positively correlated with IL22 and IL23 expression. Moreover, gene signatures associated with epithelial-cell development, proliferation, and antimicrobial response were enriched in CSF3Rhigh patients. Our data support a model where neutrophils mediate protection against intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colorectal cancer by controlling the intestinal microbiota and driving the activation of an IL22-dependent tissue repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Rigatelli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simone Puccio
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Grieco
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Piera Molisso
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Pasqualini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Mouse & Animal Pathology Laboratory (MAPLab), UniMi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo, School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Mariancini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bonavita
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Magrini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Jaillon
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
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2
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Wang J, Hu Z, Xu Q, Shi Y, Cao X, Ma Y, Wang M, Zhang C, Luo X, Lin F, Li X, Duan Y, Cai H. Gut microbiome-based noninvasive diagnostic model to predict acute coronary syndromes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1305375. [PMID: 38298920 PMCID: PMC10829574 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1305375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that alterations in the gut microbiota are closely associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) development. However, the value of gut microbiota for early diagnosis of ACS remains understudied. Methods We recruited 66 volunteers, including 29 patients with a first diagnosis of ACS and 37 healthy volunteers during the same period, collected their fecal samples, and sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Functional prediction of the microbiota was performed using PICRUSt2. Subsequently, we constructed a nomogram and corresponding webpage based on microbial markers to assist in the diagnosis of ACS. The diagnostic performance and usefulness of the model were analyzed using boostrap internal validation, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Compared to that of healthy controls, the diversity and composition of microbial community of patients with ACS was markedly abnormal. Potentially pathogenic genera such as Streptococcus and Acinetobacter were significantly increased in the ACS group, whereas certain SCFA-producing genera such as Blautia and Agathobacter were depleted. In addition, in the correlation analysis with clinical indicators, the microbiota was observed to be associated with the level of inflammation and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Finally, a diagnostic model for ACS based on gut microbiota and clinical variables was developed with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.963 (95% CI: 0.925-1) and an AUC value of 0.948 (95% CI: 0.549-0.641) for bootstrap internal validation. The calibration curves of the model show good consistency between the actual and predicted probabilities. The DCA showed that the model had a high net clinical benefit for clinical applications. Conclusion Our study is the first to characterize the composition and function of the gut microbiota in patients with ACS and healthy populations in Southwest China and demonstrates the potential effect of the microbiota as a non-invasive marker for the early diagnosis of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiuyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yunke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingyu Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chaoyue Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fanru Lin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianbin Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Behrens F, Bartolomaeus H, Wilck N, Holle J. Gut-immune axis and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad303. [PMID: 38229879 PMCID: PMC10790347 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer from marked cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, so lowering the cardiovascular risk is paramount to improve quality of life and survival in CKD. Manifold mechanisms are hold accountable for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and recently inflammation arose as novel risk factor significantly contributing to progression of CVD. While the gut microbiome was identified as key regulator of immunity and inflammation in several disease, CKD-related microbiome-immune interaction gains increasing importance. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge on microbiome dysbiosis in CKD, subsequent changes in bacterial and host metabolism and how this drives inflammation and CVD in CKD. Moreover, we outline potential therapeutic targets along the gut-immune-cardiovascular axis that could aid the combat of CVD development and high mortality in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Behrens
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology und Intensive Medical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology und Intensive Medical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Holle
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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Zhou H, Xu JL, Huang SX, He Y, He XW, Lu S, Yao B. Hepatic vagotomy blunts liver regeneration after hepatectomy by downregulating the expression of interleukin-22. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2866-2878. [PMID: 38222006 PMCID: PMC10784834 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i12.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid regeneration of the residual liver is one of the key determinants of successful partial hepatectomy (PHx). At present, there is a lack of recognized safe, effective, and stable drugs to promote liver regeneration. It has been reported that vagus nerve signaling is beneficial to liver regeneration, but the potential mechanism at play here is not fully understood. AIM To explore the effect and mechanism of hepatic vagus nerve in liver regeneration after PHx. METHODS A PHx plus hepatic vagotomy (Hv) mouse model was established. The effect of Hv on liver regeneration after PHx was determined by comparing the liver regeneration levels of the PHx-Hv group and the PHx-sham group mice. In order to further investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-22 in liver regeneration inhibition mediated by Hv, the levels of IL-22 in the PHx-Hv group and the PHx-sham group was measured. The degree of liver injury in the PHx-Hv group and the PHx-sham group mice was detected to determine the role of the hepatic vagus nerve in liver injury after PHx. RESULTS Compared to control-group mice, Hv mice showed severe liver injury and weakened liver regeneration after PHx. Further research found that Hv downregulates the production of IL-22 induced by PHx and blocks activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway then reduces the expression of various mitogenic and anti-apoptotic proteins after PHx. Exogenous IL-22 reverses the inhibition of liver regeneration induced by Hv and alleviates liver injury, while treatment with IL-22 binding protein (an inhibitor of IL-22 signaling) reduce the concentration of IL-22 induced by PHx, inhibits the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the liver after PHx, thereby hindering liver regeneration and aggravating liver injury in PHx-sham mice. CONCLUSION Hv attenuates liver regeneration after hepatectomy, and the mechanism may be related to the fact that Hv downregulates the production of IL-22, then blocks activation of the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ju-Ling Xu
- Department of Medicine, Medical School of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - San-Xiong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Media Biology and Pathogenic Control, Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang D, Ma Y, Liu J, Wang D, Geng Z, Wen D, Chen H, Wang H, Li L, Zhu X, Wang X, Huang M, Zou C, Chen Y, Ma L. Fenofibrate improves hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and shapes the gut microbiome via TFEB-autophagy in NAFLD mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176159. [PMID: 37898287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major liver disease subtype worldwide, is commonly associated with insulin resistance and obesity. NAFLD is characterized by an excessive hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as hepatic steatosis. Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist widely used in clinical therapy to effectively ameliorate the development of NAFLD, but its mechanism of action is incompletely understood. Here, we found that fenofibrate dramatically modulate the gut microbiota composition of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse model, and the change of gut microbiota composition is dependent on TFEB-autophagy axis. Furthermore, we also found that fenofibrate improved hepatic steatosis, and increased the activation of TFEB, which severed as a regulator of autophagy, thus, the protective effects of fenofibrate against NAFLD are depended on TFEB-autophagy axis. Our study demonstrates the host gene may influence the gut microbiota and highlights the role of TFEB and autophagy in the protective effect of NAFLD. This work expands our understanding of the regulatory interactions between the host and gut microbiota and provides novel strategies for alleviating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Yicheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Da Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Zuotao Geng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Lijiang, Lijiang, 674100, PR China
| | - Daiyan Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Hang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Lanyi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Minshan Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China
| | - Chenggang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China.
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Lanqing Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Yunnan Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, PR China.
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Wang A, Guan B, Zhang H, Xu H. Danger-associated metabolites trigger metaflammation: A crowbar in cardiometabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106983. [PMID: 37931790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are characterized by a series of metabolic disorders and chronic low-grade inflammation. CMDs contribute to a high burden of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Host-microbial metabolic regulation that triggers metaflammation is an emerging field of study that promotes a new perspective for perceiving cardiovascular risks. The term metaflammation denotes the entire cascade of immune responses activated by a new class of metabolites known as "danger-associated metabolites" (DAMs). It is being proposed by the present review for the first time. We summarize current studies covering bench to bedside aspects of DAMs to better understand CMDs in the context of DAMs. We have focused on the involvement of DAMs in the pathophysiological development of CMDs, including the disruption of immune homeostasis and chronic inflammation-triggered damage leading to CMD-related adverse events, as well as emerging therapeutic approaches for targeting DAM metabolism in CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China.
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Nakatani A, Okumura R, Ishibashi A, Okamoto S, Sakaki K, Ito Y, Okuzaki D, Inohara H, Takeda K. Differential dependence on microbiota of IL-23/IL-22-dependent gene expression between the small- and large-intestinal epithelia. Genes Cells 2023; 28:776-788. [PMID: 37680073 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In the intestine, interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-22 from immune cells in the lamina propria contribute to maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier through the induction of antimicrobial production and the promotion of epithelial cell proliferation. Several previous studies suggested that some of the functions of the IL-23/IL-22 axis on intestinal epithelial cells are shared between the small and large intestines. However, the similarities and differences of the IL-23/IL-22 axis on epithelial cells between these two anatomical sites remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the gene expression of intestinal epithelial cells in the ileum and colon of germ-free, Il23-/- , and Il22-/- mice by RNA-sequencing. We found that while the IL-23/IL-22 axis is largely dependent on gut microbiota in the small intestine, it is much less dependent on it in the large intestine. In addition, the negative regulation of lipid metabolism in the epithelial cells by IL-23 and IL-22 in the small intestine was revealed, whereas the positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation by IL-23 and IL-22 in the large intestine was highlighted. These findings shed light on the intestinal site-specific role of the IL-23/IL-22 axis in maintaining the physiological functions of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Airi Ishibashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Sakaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Yang K, Du G, Liu J, Zhao S, Dong W. Gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3529-3547. [PMID: 36997773 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent issues in newborns is acute kidney injury (AKI), which can lengthen their hospital stay or potentially raise their chance of dying. The gut-kidney axis establishes a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and kidney illness, particularly AKI, and demonstrates the importance of gut microbiota to host health. Since the ability to predict neonatal AKI using blood creatinine and urine output as evaluation parameters is somewhat constrained, a number of interesting biomarkers have been developed. There are few in-depth studies on the relationships between these neonatal AKI indicators and gut microbiota. In order to gain fresh insights into the gut-kidney axis of neonatal AKI, this review is based on the gut-kidney axis and describes relationships between gut microbiota and neonatal AKI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Guoxia Du
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jinjing Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Antony MA, Chowdhury A, Edem D, Raj R, Nain P, Joglekar M, Verma V, Kant R. Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1502-1513. [PMID: 37970133 PMCID: PMC10642415 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our body. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis, and recent evidence has shown that dysbiosis is related to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. It is well known that obesity, T2DM and CVD are caused or worsened by multiple factors like genetic predisposition, environmental factors, unhealthy high calorie diets, and sedentary lifestyle. However, recent evidence from human and mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome is also an active player in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors including obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia that increase the risk for CVD, T2DM, and other diseases. Current research aims to identify treatments to increase the number of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiome in order to modulate metabolic syndrome by reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. There is increasing interest in supplements, classified as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, or postbiotics, and their effect on the gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. In this review article, we have summarized current research on these supplements that are available to improve the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and to reduce the harmful ones in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mc Anto Antony
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Aniqa Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Dinesh Edem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72205, United States
| | - Rishi Raj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pikeville Medical Center, Pikeville, KY 41501, United States
| | - Priyanshu Nain
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Mansi Joglekar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Vipin Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
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10
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Tang Z, Yu S, Pan Y. The gut microbiome tango in the progression of chronic kidney disease and potential therapeutic strategies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:689. [PMID: 37789439 PMCID: PMC10546717 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 10% population worldwide and becomes a huge burden to the world. Recent studies have revealed multifold interactions between CKD and gut microbiome and their pathophysiological implications. The gut microbiome disturbed by CKD results in the imbalanced composition and quantity of gut microbiota and subsequent changes in its metabolites and functions. Studies have shown that both the dysbiotic gut microbiota and its metabolites have negative impacts on the immune system and aggravate diseases in different ways. Herein, we give an overview of the currently known mechanisms of CKD progression and the alterations of the immune system. Particularly, we summarize the effects of uremic toxins on the immune system and review the roles of gut microbiota in promoting the development of different kidney diseases. Finally, we discuss the current sequencing technologies and novel therapies targeting the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Mazitova AM, Márquez-Sánchez AC, Koltsova EK. Fat and inflammation: adipocyte-myeloid cell crosstalk in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238664. [PMID: 37781401 PMCID: PMC10540690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation has been implicated in various chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds the aorta as an extra layer and was suggested to contribute to atherosclerosis development. PVAT regulates the function of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in the aorta and represent a reservoir for various immune cells which may participate in aortic inflammation. Recent studies demonstrate that adipocytes also express various cytokine receptors and, therefore, may directly respond to inflammatory stimuli. Here we will summarize current knowledge on immune mechanisms regulating adipocyte activation and the crosstalk between myeloid cells and adipocytes in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Mazitova
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ana Cristina Márquez-Sánchez
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Seth P, Dubey S. IL-22 as a target for therapeutic intervention: Current knowledge on its role in various diseases. Cytokine 2023; 169:156293. [PMID: 37441942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 has emerged as a crucial cytokine mediating protective response against pathogens and tissue regeneration. Dysregulated production of IL-22 has been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases like malignant tumours, viral, cardiovascular, allergic and autoimmune disorders. Interleukin 22 belongs to IFN-IL-10 cytokine family. It is a major proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated Th1 cells (Th22), though can also be secreted by many other immune cells like group 3 innate lymphocytes, γδ T cells, NK cells, NK T cells, and mucosal associated invariant T cells. Th22 cells exclusively release IL-22 but not IL-17 or IFN-γ (as Th1 cells releases IFN-γ along with IL-22 and Th17 cells releases IL-17 along with IL-22) and also express aryl hydrocarbon receptor as the key transcription factor. Th22 cells also exhibit expression of chemokine receptor CCR6 and skin-homing receptors CCR4 and CCR10 indicating the involvement of this subset in bolstering epithelial barrier immunity and promoting secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from intestinal epithelial cells. The function of IL-22 is modulated by IL-22 binding protein (binds to IL-22 and inhibits it binding to its cell surface receptor); which serves as a competitor for IL-22R1 chain of IL-22 receptor. The pathogenic and protective nature of the Th22 cells is modulated both by the site of infected tissue and the type of disease pathology. This review aims to discuss key features of IL-22 biology, comparisons between IL and 22 and IFN-γ and its role as a potential immune therapy target in different maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Seth
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India.
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13
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Liu H, Wang H, Li Q, Wang Y, He Y, Li X, Sun C, Ergonul O, Can F, Pang Z, Zhang B, Hu Y. LPS adsorption and inflammation alleviation by polymyxin B-modified liposomes for atherosclerosis treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3817-3833. [PMID: 37719368 PMCID: PMC10501887 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is critical in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis (AS). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in the circulation system is elevated in AS patients and animal models, which is correlated with the severity of AS. Inspired by the underlying mechanism that LPS could drive the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, aggravate inflammation, and ultimately contribute to the exacerbation of AS, LPS in the circulation system was supposed to be the therapeutic target for AS treatment. In the present study, polymyxin (PMB) covalently conjugated to PEGylated liposomes (PLPs) were formulated to adsorb LPS through specific interactions between PMB and LPS. In vitro, the experiments demonstrated that PLPs could adsorb LPS, reduce the polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype and inhibit the formation of foam cells. In vivo, the study revealed that PLPs treatment reduced the serum levels of LPS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased the proportion of M1-type macrophages in AS plaque, stabilized AS plaque, and downsized the plaque burdens in arteries, which eventually attenuated the progression of AS. Our study highlighted LPS in the circulation system as the therapeutic target for AS and provided an alternative strategy for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Liu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honglan Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Onder Ergonul
- Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Lnfectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine and American Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Füsun Can
- Koç University Iş Bank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID), Lnfectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Koç University School of Medicine and American Hospital, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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14
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Yang C, Cheng J, Zhu Q, Pan Q, Ji K, Li J. Review of the Protective Mechanism of Paeonol on Cardiovascular Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2193-2208. [PMID: 37525853 PMCID: PMC10387245 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s414752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Paeonol(Pae) is a phenolic component extracted from peony bark, peony root and Xu Changqing. Studies have shown that Pae can protect cardiomyocytes by inhibiting oxidative stress, promoting mitochondrial fusion, regulating mitochondrial autophagy and inhibiting inflammation. In addition, Pae improves ventricular remodeling by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Pae also has a good protective effect on blood vessels by inhibiting vascular inflammation, reducing the expression of adhesion molecules, inhibiting vascular proliferation, and inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS). Pae also has the effect of anti-endothelial cell senescence, promoting thrombus recanalization and vasodilating. In conclusion, the molecular targets of Pae are very complex, and the relationship between different targets and signaling pathways cannot be clearly explained, which requires us to use systems biology methods to further study specific molecular targets of Pae. It has to be mentioned that the bioavailability of Pae is poor, and some nanotechnology-assisted drug delivery systems improve the therapeutic effect of Pae. We reviewed the protective mechanism of paeonol on the cardiovascular system, hoping to provide help for drug development in the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkun Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Cheng
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinwei Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Pan
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Ji
- Department of Emergency, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Xiang DC, Chen W, Fu ZW, Wu XH, Gao P, Wu Y. Adverse events of guselkumab in the real world: emerging signals to target preventive strategies from the FDA adverse event reporting system. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:943-955. [PMID: 37294594 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2223956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guselkumab is an IL-23 inhibitor widely used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Our study aimed to characterize the profile of adverse events (AEs) associated with guselkumab from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). METHODS Disproportionality analysis including the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multiitem gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms were used to assess the signals of guselkumab related AE. RESULTS A total of 22,950,014 reports were collected from the FAERS database, of which 24,312 reports regarding guselkumab as the 'primary suspected (PS)' AEs were identified. AEs induced by guselkumab were distributed in 27 organ systems. In this study, 205 significant disproportionality preferred terms (PTs) that matched four algorithms simultaneously were obtained for analysis. Unexpected significant AEs such as onychomadesis, malignant melanoma in situ, endometrial cancer, and erectile dysfunction were observed. CONCLUSION The clinical observed AEs, along with potential new AE signals associated with guselkumab were identified based on the analysis of FAERS data, which could provide valuable evidence for clinical monitoring, risk identification, and further safety studies of identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Chun Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Wuhan Union Hospital of China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. of China
| | - Zhi-Wen Fu
- Wuhan Union Hospital of China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. of China
| | - Xin-Hua Wu
- Wuhan Union Hospital of China, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. of China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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16
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Cheng X, Han X, Zhou L, Sun Y, Zhou Q, Lin X, Gao Z, Wang J, Zhao W. Cabernet sauvignon dry red wine ameliorates atherosclerosis in mice by regulating inflammation and endothelial function, activating AMPK phosphorylation, and modulating gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112942. [PMID: 37254366 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence suggests that the abundance of antioxidant polyphenols in dry red wine (DRW) may prevent cardiovascular diseases, a benefit likely attributed to abundant antioxidant polyphenols present in DRW. Here, we examined the anti-atherosclerotic effect of Cabernet Sauvignon DRW (CSDRW) in a mouse model of atherosclerosis (AS) using metabolomic profiling and molecular techniques. Oral administration of CSDRW reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in ApoE-/- mice, alleviated hyperlipidemia, ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation mediated by AMPK activation, and promoted lipid metabolism via PPARγ-LXR-α-ABCA1 pathway regulation. CSDRW increased the relative abundance of beneficial gut microbiota, including Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobiota, and Akkermansiaceae. Metabolic analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that CSDRW contained various polyphenols, including flavanol, phenolic acid, flavonol, and resveratrol, which possibly mediate the beneficial effects in AS by reducing inflammation, restoring normal endothelial function, regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, and modulating gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China; School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Yasai Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China.
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17
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Manghi P, Blanco-Míguez A, Manara S, NabiNejad A, Cumbo F, Beghini F, Armanini F, Golzato D, Huang KD, Thomas AM, Piccinno G, Punčochář M, Zolfo M, Lesker TR, Bredon M, Planchais J, Glodt J, Valles-Colomer M, Koren O, Pasolli E, Asnicar F, Strowig T, Sokol H, Segata N. MetaPhlAn 4 profiling of unknown species-level genome bins improves the characterization of diet-associated microbiome changes in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112464. [PMID: 37141097 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models are key tools for investigating host-microbiome interactions. However, shotgun metagenomics can only profile a limited fraction of the mouse gut microbiome. Here, we employ a metagenomic profiling method, MetaPhlAn 4, which exploits a large catalog of metagenome-assembled genomes (including 22,718 metagenome-assembled genomes from mice) to improve the profiling of the mouse gut microbiome. We combine 622 samples from eight public datasets and an additional cohort of 97 mouse microbiomes, and we assess the potential of MetaPhlAn 4 to better identify diet-related changes in the host microbiome using a meta-analysis approach. We find multiple, strong, and reproducible diet-related microbial biomarkers, largely increasing those identifiable by other available methods relying only on reference information. The strongest drivers of the diet-induced changes are uncharacterized and previously undetected taxa, confirming the importance of adopting metagenomic methods integrating metagenomic assemblies for comprehensive profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Manghi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Serena Manara
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Amir NabiNejad
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Cumbo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Kun D Huang
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Moreno Zolfo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Till R Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Bredon
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| | - Julien Planchais
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jeremy Glodt
- Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; Paris Centre for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France; INRAE, UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Chattopadhyay A, Mukherjee P, Sulaiman D, Wang H, Girjalva V, Dorreh N, Jacobs JP, Delk S, Moolenaar WH, Navab M, Reddy ST, Fogelman AM. Role of Enterocyte Enpp2 and Autotaxin in Regulating Lipopolysaccharide Levels, Systemic Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100370. [PMID: 37059333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by autotaxin, a secreted phospholipase D, is a major pathway for producing LPA. We previously reported that feeding Ldlr-/- mice standard mouse chow supplemented with unsaturated LPA or LPC qualitatively mimicked the dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis induced by feeding a Western diet (WD). Here we report that adding unsaturated LPA to standard mouse chow also increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) in jejunum mucus. To determine the role of intestinal autotaxin, enterocyte specific Ldlr-/-/Enpp2 knockout (iKO) mice were generated. In control mice, the WD increased enterocyte Enpp2 expression and raised autotaxin levels. Ex vivo, addition of OxPL to jejunum from Ldlr-/- mice on a chow diet induced expression of Enpp2. In control mice, the WD raised OxPL levels in jejunum mucus, and decreased gene expression in enterocytes for a number of peptides and proteins that affect antimicrobial activity. On the WD, the control mice developed elevated levels of LPS in jejunum mucus and plasma, with increased dyslipidemia and increased atherosclerosis. All of these changes were reduced in the iKO mice. We conclude that the WD increases the formation of intestinal OxPL, which i) induce enterocyte Enpp2 and autotaxin resulting in higher enterocyte LPA levels; that ii) contribute to the formation of ROS that help to maintain the high OxPL levels; iii) decrease intestinal antimicrobial activity; and iv) raise plasma LPS levels that promote systemic inflammation and enhance atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pallavi Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dawoud Sulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Victor Girjalva
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nasrin Dorreh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Microbiome Center, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Delk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Degree Program, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wouter H Moolenaar
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Degree Program, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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19
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Mar JS, Ota N, Pokorzynski ND, Peng Y, Jaochico A, Sangaraju D, Skippington E, Lekkerkerker AN, Rothenberg ME, Tan MW, Yi T, Keir ME. IL-22 alters gut microbiota composition and function to increase aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in mice and humans. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:47. [PMID: 36894983 PMCID: PMC9997005 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-22 is induced by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling and plays a critical role in gastrointestinal barrier function through effects on antimicrobial protein production, mucus secretion, and epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation, giving it the potential to modulate the microbiome through these direct and indirect effects. Furthermore, the microbiome can in turn influence IL-22 production through the synthesis of L-tryptophan (L-Trp)-derived AhR ligands, creating the prospect of a host-microbiome feedback loop. We evaluated the impact IL-22 may have on the gut microbiome and its ability to activate host AhR signaling by observing changes in gut microbiome composition, function, and AhR ligand production following exogenous IL-22 treatment in both mice and humans. RESULTS Microbiome alterations were observed across the gastrointestinal tract of IL-22-treated mice, accompanied by an increased microbial functional capacity for L-Trp metabolism. Bacterially derived indole derivatives were increased in stool from IL-22-treated mice and correlated with increased fecal AhR activity. In humans, reduced fecal concentrations of indole derivatives in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients compared to healthy volunteers were accompanied by a trend towards reduced fecal AhR activity. Following exogenous IL-22 treatment in UC patients, both fecal AhR activity and concentrations of indole derivatives increased over time compared to placebo-treated UC patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings indicate IL-22 shapes gut microbiome composition and function, which leads to increased AhR signaling and suggests exogenous IL-22 modulation of the microbiome may have functional significance in a disease setting. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S. Mar
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Present address: Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Naruhisa Ota
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Present address: Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Nick D. Pokorzynski
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Present address: Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Yutian Peng
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Allan Jaochico
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Skippington
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Annemarie N. Lekkerkerker
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Michael E. Rothenberg
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Tangsheng Yi
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Present address: Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mary E. Keir
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
- Present address: Biomarker Discovery OMNI, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA USA
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20
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Pan W, Zhao J, Wu J, Xu D, Meng X, Jiang P, Shi H, Ge X, Yang X, Hu M, Zhang P, Tang R, Nagaratnam N, Zheng K, Huang XF, Yu Y. Dimethyl itaconate ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by a high-fat diet via the gut-brain axis in mice. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:30. [PMID: 36810115 PMCID: PMC9942412 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut homeostasis, including intestinal immunity and microbiome, is essential for cognitive function via the gut-brain axis. This axis is altered in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive impairment and is closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Dimethyl itaconate (DI) is an itaconate derivative and has recently attracted extensive interest due to its anti-inflammatory effect. This study investigated whether intraperitoneal administration of DI improves the gut-brain axis and prevents cognitive deficits in HF diet-fed mice. RESULTS DI effectively attenuated HFD-induced cognitive decline in behavioral tests of object location, novel object recognition, and nesting building, concurrent with the improvement of hippocampal RNA transcription profiles of genes associated with cognition and synaptic plasticity. In agreement, DI reduced the damage of synaptic ultrastructure and deficit of proteins (BDNF, SYN, and PSD95), the microglial activation, and neuroinflammation in the HFD-fed mice. In the colon, DI significantly lowered macrophage infiltration and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in mice on the HF diet, while upregulating the expression of immune homeostasis-related cytokines (IL-22, IL-23) and antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ. Moreover, DI alleviated HFD-induced gut barrier impairments, including elevation of colonic mucus thickness and expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin). Notably, HFD-induced microbiome alteration was improved by DI supplementation, characterized by the increase of propionate- and butyrate-producing bacteria. Correspondingly, DI increased the levels of propionate and butyrate in the serum of HFD mice. Intriguingly, fecal microbiome transplantation from DI-treated HF mice facilitated cognitive variables compared with HF mice, including higher cognitive indexes in behavior tests and optimization of hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure. These results highlight the gut microbiota is necessary for the effects of DI in improving cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first evidence that DI improves cognition and brain function with significant beneficial effects via the gut-brain axis, suggesting that DI may serve as a novel drug for treating obesity-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianran Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongli Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathan Nagaratnam
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Panagiotopoulos A, Fragoulis GE. Comorbidities in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Narrative Review. Clin Ther 2023; 45:177-189. [PMID: 36737317 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common type of inflammatory arthritis. Patients with PsA present with certain extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities (often collectively called psoriatic disease). The purpose of the present review was to highlight the main comorbidities in the setting of PsA. METHODS A narrative review was performed using data from articles found in a search of PubMed and Scopus using the terms psoriatic arthritis and comorbidities. FINDINGS Cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as metabolic and mental health disorders, are the most common comorbidities in patients with PsA. In most cases, underlying inflammation seems to be involved in the increased risk for CVD in PsA, while a bidirectional relationship seems to operate between mental health disorders and psoriatic disease. The treatment of patients with PsA, especially with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, has been shown to lead to favorable outcomes regarding the CVD risk. However, it is debatable whether specific drug classes are more effective than others or should be avoided in patients with CVD risk factors. Comorbidity of mental health disorders is even more complex, given the difficulties in measuring and reporting these comorbidities in clinical trials and in clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS Future studies are needed for a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of, and the development of better protocols for the identification and treatment of patients with, comorbidities in patients with PsA. The education of clinicians, health care professionals in rheumatology, and patients could be useful in achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Panagiotopoulos
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, First Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George E Fragoulis
- Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, First Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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22
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Ren H, Zhu B, An Y, Xie F, Wang Y, Tan Y. Immune communication between the intestinal microbiota and the cardiovascular system. Immunol Lett 2023; 254:13-20. [PMID: 36693435 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The intestine hosts a large number of microbial communities. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota-mediated immune responses play a vital role in developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Immune cells are extensively infiltrated in the gut and heart tissues, such as T cells, B cells, and macrophages. They play a crucial role in the crosstalk between the heart and gut microbiota. And the microbiota influences the bidirectional function of immune cells in CVD such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis, including through metabolites. The mapping of immune cell-mediated immune networks in the heart and gut provides us with new targets for treating CVD. This review discusses the role of immune cells in gut microbiota and cardiac communication during health and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Botao Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Yuze An
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.
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23
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Terui H, Asano Y. Biologics for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Psoriasis Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031162. [PMID: 36769825 PMCID: PMC9918118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Among them, CVD is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in psoriasis patients. Since CVD is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, primary care clinicians are increasingly committed to reducing the risk of CVD in patients with psoriasis. Biologics targeting TNF-α, IL-12/23, and IL-17 are systemic therapies that can dramatically improve the condition of psoriasis. Recent studies have reported that these inflammatory cytokine signals may promote atherosclerosis, suggesting that biologics might be effective for improving psoriasis as well as reducing the risk of CVD. Here, we reviewed cardiovascular risk in psoriasis patients, the association between psoriatic inflammation and atherosclerosis, and the efficacy of biologics for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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24
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Lv J, Qi P, Bai LH, Yan XD, Zhang L. Review of the relationship and underlying mechanisms between the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and host intestinal flora. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1055632. [PMID: 36523840 PMCID: PMC9745141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1055632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbial community is the largest ecosystem in the human body, in which the intestinal flora plays a dominant role and has a wide range of biological functions. However, it is vulnerable to a variety of factors, and exposure to extreme environments at high altitudes, as seen on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, may cause changes in the structure and function of the host intestinal flora. Conversely, the intestinal flora can help the host adapt to the plateau environment through a variety of ways. Herein, we review the relationship and underlying mechanism between the host intestinal flora and the plateau environment by discussing the characteristics of the plateau environment, its influence on the intestinal flora, and the important role of the intestinal flora in host adaptation to the plateau environment. This review aimed to provide a reference for maintaining the health of the plateau population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Qi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liu-Hui Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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25
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Li Q, You Y, Zeng Y, Wang X, Pan Z, Pang J, Chen Q, Zhou Y, Jin Y, Yang Y, Ling W. Associations between plasma tryptophan and indole-3-propionic acid levels and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1070-1077. [PMID: 35728041 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a microbiota-produced tryptophan metabolite, has been shown to exhibit cardioprotective effects in animal models. However, the relation of IPA with cardiovascular risk in humans is currently unknown. OBJECTIVES This prospective study aimed to investigate whether plasma tryptophan and IPA levels are associated with decreased risks of mortality. METHODS Ultra-HPLC-MS/MS was used to measure plasma tryptophan and IPA levels in 1829 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations between tryptophan and IPA levels and the risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. RESULTS During the median 9.2-year follow-up, 424 all-cause deaths occurred, of which 272 were cardiovascular deaths. Plasma tryptophan and IPA levels were significantly associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Patients with CAD with the highest quartiles of tryptophan and IPA levels had multivariable-adjusted HRs of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.43-0.89) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.50-0.99), respectively, for cardiovascular mortality and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.50-0.90) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.57-0.99), respectively, for all-cause mortality compared with those in patients with CAD in the lowest quartile. After multivariable adjustments, 1-SD increases in the continuous plasma tryptophan and IPA levels were associated with 16% and 14% decreases, respectively, in the risks of cardiovascular mortality and with 13% and 14% decreases, respectively, in the risks of all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines displayed linear associations between plasma tryptophan and IPA levels and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among patients with CAD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that plasma tryptophan and IPA levels are significantly associated with decreased risks of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with CAD. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic values of tryptophan and IPA levels on the risks of mortality among patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yupeng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yufeng Jin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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26
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Márquez-Sánchez AC, Koltsova EK. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989933. [PMID: 36275758 PMCID: PMC9583679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease. Immune-mediated infiltration and a destruction of the aortic wall during AAA development plays significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. While various immune cells had been found in AAA, the mechanisms of their activation and function are still far from being understood. A better understanding of mechanisms regulating the development of aberrant immune cell activation in AAA is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. In this review we summarize current knowledge about the role of immune cells in AAA and discuss how pathogenic immune cell activation is regulated in this disease.
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27
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Ivleva EA, Grivennikov SI. Microbiota-driven mechanisms at different stages of cancer development. Neoplasia 2022; 32:100829. [PMID: 35933824 PMCID: PMC9364013 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of microbes living together with the host constitutes the microbiota, and the microbiota exerts very diverse functions in the regulation of host physiology. Microbiota regulates cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and responses to therapy. Here we review known pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic functions of microbiota, and mechanisms of how microbes can shape tumor microenvironment and affect cancer cells as well as activation and functionality of immune and stromal cells within the tumor. While some of these mechanisms are distal, often distinct members of microbiota travel with and establish colonization with the tumors in the distant organs. We further briefly describe recent findings regarding microbiota composition in metastasis and highlight important future directions and considerations for the manipulation of microbiota for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Ivleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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28
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Paeslack N, Mimmler M, Becker S, Gao Z, Khuu MP, Mann A, Malinarich F, Regen T, Reinhardt C. Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites in vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1339-1356. [PMID: 35451695 PMCID: PMC9641817 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) is metabolized by gut commensals, yielding in compounds that affect innate immune cell functions directly, but also acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), thus regulating the maintenance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), promoting T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation, and interleukin-22 production. In addition, microbiota-derived Trp metabolites have direct effects on the vascular endothelium, thus influencing the development of vascular inflammatory phenotypes. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to promote vascular inflammation, whereas indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-aldehyde had protective roles. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence for a contributory role of microbiota-derived indole-derivatives in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Interestingly, there are indications for a role of the kynurenine pathway in atherosclerotic lesion development. Here, we provide an overview on the emerging role of gut commensals in the modulation of Trp metabolism and its influence in cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Paeslack
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mimmler
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Becker
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhenling Gao
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - My Phung Khuu
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amrit Mann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frano Malinarich
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Ma J, Luo J, Sun Y, Zhao Z. Cytokines associated with immune response in atherosclerosis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6424-6444. [PMID: 36247305 PMCID: PMC9556506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential mechanism of immune response that involves a large number of different immune cells. Atherosclerosis is essentially an inflammatory disease caused by inappropriate activities of immune cells. During this process, various cytokines activate immune cells, regulate and transmit immune cell signals, and stimulate a local inflammatory environment. In this study, we reviewed the cytokines associated with immune activity in atherosclerosis, including their roles in immune cell activation and mediating immune cell chemotaxis. The findings give important insights into inflammatory immune microenvironment, including basic mechanisms and interactions, providing new ideas and options for clinical detection and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianhua Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210002, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433, China
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Lv Q, Li Z, Sui A, Yang X, Han Y, Yao R. The role and mechanisms of gut microbiota in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977187. [PMID: 36060752 PMCID: PMC9433831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and T2DM-related complications [such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)] are the most prevalent metabolic diseases. Intriguingly, overwhelming findings have shown a strong association of the gut microbiome with the etiology of these diseases, including the role of aberrant gut bacterial metabolites, increased intestinal permeability, and pathogenic immune function affecting host metabolism. Thus, deciphering the specific microbiota, metabolites, and the related mechanisms to T2DM-related complications by combined analyses of metagenomics and metabolomics data can lead to an innovative strategy for the treatment of these diseases. Accordingly, this review highlights the advanced knowledge about the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM-related complications and how it can be associated with the pathogenesis of these diseases. Also, recent studies providing a new perspective on microbiota-targeted therapies are included.
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Shi X, Wu H, Liu Y, Huang H, Liu L, Yang Y, Jiang T, Zhou M, Dai M. Inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated by osteopontin via regulating gut microbial lipopolysaccharide: A novel mechanism for paeonol in atherosclerosis treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:936677. [PMID: 36034838 PMCID: PMC9403310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.936677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the gut microbiota is involved in metabolic disease such as atherosclerosis, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Paeonol (Pae) is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Cortex Moutan, which exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effects. Our previous research demonstrated gut microbiota as a site of Pae action. However, the mechanism by which Pae exerts its anti-atherosclerotic effect by the regulation of gut microbiota remains unclear. Objective: To investigate a potential mechanistic link between the gut microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in atherosclerosis progression and explore the possible role of Pae. Methods: Experimental atherosclerosis was established in ApoE−/− mice, and the atherosclerosis mice were treated with Pae for 4 weeks before being sacrificed for analyses while conducting fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The plaque area, levels of serum LPS, expressions of inflammatory factors in serum or aorta, and intestinal barrier permeability were determined. VSMCs were co-cultured with THP-1 cells. CCK-8 assay and EdU staining were performed to assess the proliferative capacity of VSMCs. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the nuclear transfer of p65. Western blotting was used to detect the candidate protein expression level, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression level in tissues or cells of each group. Results: During atherosclerosis progression, gut dysbiosis leads to the peripheral accumulation of gut microbial LPS, which acts as a trigger to stimulate osteopontin (OPN) production from circulating monocytes, inducing cell-to-cell crosstalk to promote VSMC proliferation in the aorta. Importantly, the elevation of LPS and OPN concentrations in the blood was also observed in patients with atherosclerosis. Pae could significantly improve atherosclerosis, suppress gut microbial LPS accumulation, and inhibit monocyte/macrophage activation and VSMC proliferation. Conclusions: The present study provides a mechanistic scenario for how long-term stimulation of gut microbial LPS in circulating blood generates a pathological secondary response that leads to abnormal proliferation of VSMCs using high OPN expression in circulating monocytes and suggests a novel strategy for atherosclerosis therapy by remodeling the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yarong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hanwen Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Min Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Min Dai,
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Merzel Šabović EK, Starbek Zorko M, Janić M. Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Potential Therapies Targeting Psoriasis and Atherosclerosis at the Same Time. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126648. [PMID: 35743091 PMCID: PMC9224172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Due to systemic inflammation, it is associated with many comorbidities. Among them, cardiovascular diseases represent the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. Therefore, physicians treating patients with psoriasis should keep in mind that, as important as the treatment of psoriasis, awareness of cardiovascular risk deserves additional attention. Thus, in parallel with psoriasis treatment, a cardiovascular risk assessment must also be performed and addressed accordingly. In addition to encouraging non-pharmacologic strategies for a healthy lifestyle, physicians should be familiar with different pharmacologic options that can target psoriasis and reduce cardiovascular risk. In the present article, we present the pathophysiological mechanisms of the psoriasis and cardiometabolic interplay, our view on the interaction of psoriasis and cardiovascular disease, review the atherosclerotic effect of therapeutic options used in psoriasis, and vice versa, i.e., what the effect of medications used in the prevention of atherosclerosis could be on psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klara Merzel Šabović
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiškova Ulica 10, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateja Starbek Zorko
- Department of Dermatovenerology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Gradiškova Ulica 10, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Miodrag Janić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Evans BR, Yerly A, van der Vorst EPC, Baumgartner I, Bernhard SM, Schindewolf M, Döring Y. Inflammatory Mediators in Atherosclerotic Vascular Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868934. [PMID: 35600479 PMCID: PMC9114307 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease remains the most common cause of ischemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Vascular function is determined by structural and functional properties of the arterial vessel wall, which consists of three layers, namely the adventitia, media, and intima. Key cells in shaping the vascular wall architecture and warranting proper vessel function are vascular smooth muscle cells in the arterial media and endothelial cells lining the intima. Pathological alterations of this vessel wall architecture called vascular remodeling can lead to insufficient vascular function and subsequent ischemia and organ damage. One major pathomechanism driving this detrimental vascular remodeling is atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial dysfunction allowing the accumulation of intimal lipids and leukocytes. Inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and modified lipids further drive vascular remodeling ultimately leading to thrombus formation and/or vessel occlusion which can cause major cardiovascular events. Although it is clear that vascular wall remodeling is an elementary mechanism of atherosclerotic vascular disease, the diverse underlying pathomechanisms and its consequences are still insufficiently understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce R. Evans
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Yerly
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Iris Baumgartner
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Maike Bernhard
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schindewolf
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Yvonne Döring
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How the immune system shapes atherosclerosis: roles of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:251-265. [PMID: 34389841 PMCID: PMC10111155 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the root cause of many cardiovascular diseases. Extensive research in preclinical models and emerging evidence in humans have established the crucial roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in driving atherosclerosis-associated chronic inflammation in arterial blood vessels. New techniques have highlighted the enormous heterogeneity of leukocyte subsets in the arterial wall that have pro-inflammatory or regulatory roles in atherogenesis. Understanding the homing and activation pathways of these immune cells, their disease-associated dynamics and their regulation by microbial and metabolic factors will be crucial for the development of clinical interventions for atherosclerosis, including potentially vaccination-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we review key molecular mechanisms of immune cell activation implicated in modulating atherogenesis and provide an update on the contributions of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in atherosclerosis.
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Gong X, Liu Y, Liu X, Li A, Guo K, Zhou D, Hong Z. Disturbance of Gut Bacteria and Metabolites Are Associated with Disease Severity and Predict Outcome of NMDAR Encephalitis: A Prospective Case-Control Study. Front Immunol 2022; 12:791780. [PMID: 35046950 PMCID: PMC8761854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the associations between the intestinal microbiota, metabolites, cytokines, and clinical severity in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and to further determine the predictive value of the intestinal microbiota or metabolites in clinical prognosis. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study of 58 NMDAR encephalitis patients and 49 healthy controls, fecal microbiota, metabolites, and cytokines were quantified and characterized by16S rRNA gene sequencing, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the Luminex assay, respectively. Results There were marked variations in the gut microbiota composition and metabolites in critically ill patients. We identified 8 metabolite modules (mainly characterized by fatty acid, glycerophosphoethanolamines, and glycerophosphocholines) that were distinctly classified as negatively or positively associated with bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs). These CAGs were mainly composed of Bacteroides, Eubacterium_hallii_group, Anaerostipes, Ruminococcus, Butyricicoccus, and Faecalibacterium, which were substantially altered in patients. In addition, these fecal and serum metabolic modules were further correlated with the serum cytokines. Additionally, the combination of clinical features, microbial marker (Granulicatella), and a panel of metabolic markers could further enhance the performance of prognosis discrimination significantly, which yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of (AUC) of 0.94 (95%CI = 0.7–0.9). Patients with low bacterial diversity are more likely to develop relapse than those with higher bacterial diversity (log-rank p = 0.04, HR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.0–7.0). Interpretation The associations between the multi-omics data suggested that certain bacteria might affect the pathogenesis of NMDAR encephalitis by modulating the metabolic pathways of the host and affecting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the disturbance of fecal bacteria may predict the long-term outcome and relapse in NMDAR encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Aiqing Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kundian Guo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Chen H, Sun L, Feng L, Yin Y, Zhang W. Role of Innate lymphoid Cells in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:855197. [PMID: 35574038 PMCID: PMC9091334 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.855197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a growing chronic metabolic disease, greatly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome which includes type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity-associated metabolic diseases significantly contribute to mortality and reduce life expectancy. Recently, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as crucial regulators of metabolic homeostasis and tissue inflammation. This review focuses on the roles of ILCs in different metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and intestine. We briefly outline the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. We then discuss how ILCs in distinct metabolic organs may function to maintain metabolic homeostasis and contribute to obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The potential of ILCs as the therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weizhen Zhang, ; Yue Yin,
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Weizhen Zhang, ; Yue Yin,
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Therapeutic Opportunities of IL-22 in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121912. [PMID: 34944732 PMCID: PMC8698419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents one of the most common liver disorders and can progress into a series of liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Interleukin-22 (IL-22), a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, is predominantly produced by lymphocytes but acts exclusively on epithelial cells. IL-22 was proven to favor tissue protection and regeneration in multiple diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that IL-22 plays important protective functions against NAFLD by improving insulin sensitivity, modulating lipid metabolism, relieving oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and inhibiting apoptosis. By directly interacting with the heterodimeric IL-10R2 and IL-22R1 receptor complex on hepatocytes, IL-22 activates the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathways to regulate the subsequent expression of genes involved in inflammation, metabolism, tissue repair, and regeneration, thus alleviating hepatitis and steatosis. However, due to the wide biodistribution of the IL-22 receptor and its proinflammatory effects, modifications such as targeted delivery of IL-22 expression and recombinant IL-22 fusion proteins to improve its efficacy while reducing systemic side effects should be taken for further clinical application. In this review, we summarized recent progress in understanding the physiological and pathological importance of the IL-22-IL-22R axis in NAFLD and the mechanisms of IL-22 in the protection of NAFLD and discussed the potential strategies to maneuver this specific cytokine for therapeutic applications for NAFLD.
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Gil-Pulido J, Amézaga N, Jorgacevic I, Manthey HD, Rösch M, Brand T, Cidlinsky P, Schäfer S, Beilhack A, Saliba AE, Lorenz K, Boon L, Prinz I, Waisman A, Korn T, Cochain C, Zernecke A. Interleukin-23 receptor expressing γδ T cells locally promote early atherosclerotic lesion formation and plaque necrosis in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2932-2945. [PMID: 34897380 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall controlled by local and systemic immune responses. The role of interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), expressed in adaptive immune cells (mainly T helper 17 cells) and γδ T cells, in atherosclerosis is only incompletely understood. Here we investigated the vascular cell types expressing IL-23R and addressed the function of IL-23R and γδ T cells in atherosclerosis. METHOD AND RESULTS IL-23R+ cells were frequently found in the aortic root in contrast to the aorta in low density lipoprotein receptor deficient IL-23R reporter mice (Ldlr-/-Il23rgfp/+), and mostly identified as γδ T cells that express IL-17 and GM-CSF. scRNA-seq confirmed γδ T cells as the main cell type expressing Il23r and Il17a in the aorta. Ldlr-/-Il23rgfp/gfp mice deficient in IL-23R showed a loss of IL-23R+ cells in the vasculature, and had reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in the aortic root compared to Ldlr-/- controls after 6 weeks of high fat diet feeding. In contrast, Ldlr-/-Tcrδ-/- mice lacking all γδ T cells displayed unaltered early atherosclerotic lesion formation compared to Ldlr-/- mice. In both HFD-fed Ldlr-/-Il23rgfp/gfp and Ldlr-/-Tcrδ-/- mice a reduction in the plaque necrotic core area was noted as well as an expansion of splenic regulatory T cells. In vitro, exposure of bone marrow-derived macrophages to both IL-17A and GM-CSF induced cell necrosis, and necroptotic RIP3K and MLKL expression, as well as inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS IL-23R+ γδ T cells are predominantly found in the aortic root rather than the aorta and promote early atherosclerotic lesion formation, plaque necrosis and inflammation at this site. Targeting IL-23R may thus be explored as a therapeutic approach to mitigate atherosclerotic lesion development. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE The mechanisms and cell types contributing to early inflammation and lesion formation are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that the aortic root harbors a population of IL23R-dependent γδ T cells that can release IL-17 and GM-CSF, and both cytokines together induce macrophage inflammation and necroptosis. IL-23R+ γδ T cells locally promote early lesion formation in the aortic root and contribute to the expansion of the necrotic core, a hallmark of vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting IL-23R or IL-23 itself could thus be further explored as a therapeutic option in early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Gil-Pulido
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Núria Amézaga
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Jorgacevic
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helga D Manthey
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Rösch
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Brand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology,University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078 Germany
| | - Peter Cidlinsky
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schäfer
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology,University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97078 Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, 44139 Germany
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology,University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Clément Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine,University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Me R, Gao N, Zhang Y, Lee PSY, Wang J, Liu T, Standiford TJ, Mi QS, Yu FSX. IL-36α Enhances Host Defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2868-2877. [PMID: 34686582 PMCID: PMC8612993 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The IL-36 cytokines are known to play various roles in mediating the immune response to infection in a tissue- and pathogen-dependent manner. The present study seeks to investigate the role of IL-36R signaling in C57BL/6 mouse corneas in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. IL-36α-/-, IL-36γ-/-, and IL-36R-/- mice had significantly more severe keratitis than wild-type mice. At six hours postinfection, IL-36α pretreatment augmented P. aeruginosa-induced expression of IL-1Ra, IL-36γ, LCN2, and S100A8/A9. At one day postinfection, exogenous IL-36α suppressed, whereas IL-36α deficiency promoted, the expression of IL-1β. At three days postinfection, exogenous IL-36α suppressed Th1 but promoted Th2 immune response. IL-36α stimulated the infiltration of IL-22-expressing immune cells, and IL-22 neutralization resulted in more severe keratitis. IL-36α alone stimulated dendritic cell infiltration in B6 mouse corneas. Taken together, our study suggests that IL-36R signaling plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa keratitis by promoting the innate immune defense, Th2, and/or Th22/IL-22 immune responses. Exogenous IL-36α might be a potential therapy for improving the outcome of P. aeruginosa keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Me
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Patrick S Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; and
| | - Tingting Liu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; and
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology and Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI; and
| | - Fu-Shin X Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI;
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Bartoli-Leonard F, Zimmer J, Aikawa E. Innate and adaptive immunity: the understudied driving force of heart valve disease. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2506-2524. [PMID: 34432007 PMCID: PMC8783388 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), and its clinical manifestation that is calcific aortic valve stenosis, is the leading cause for valve disease within the developed world, with no current pharmacological treatment available to delay or halt its progression. Characterized by progressive fibrotic remodelling and subsequent pathogenic mineralization of the valve leaflets, valve disease affects 2.5% of the western population, thus highlighting the need for urgent intervention. Whilst the pathobiology of valve disease is complex, involving genetic factors, lipid infiltration, and oxidative damage, the immune system is now being accepted to play a crucial role in pathogenesis and disease continuation. No longer considered a passive degenerative disease, CAVD is understood to be an active inflammatory process, involving a multitude of pro-inflammatory mechanisms, with both the adaptive and the innate immune system underpinning these complex mechanisms. Within the valve, 15% of cells evolve from haemopoietic origin, and this number greatly expands following inflammation, as macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and innate immune cells infiltrate the valve, promoting further inflammation. Whether chronic immune infiltration or pathogenic clonal expansion of immune cells within the valve or a combination of the two is responsible for disease progression, it is clear that greater understanding of the immune systems role in valve disease is required to inform future treatment strategies for control of CAVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoli-Leonard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonas Zimmer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Mukherjee P, Chattopadhyay A, Grijalva V, Dorreh N, Lagishetty V, Jacobs JP, Clifford BL, Vallim T, Mack JJ, Navab M, Reddy ST, Fogelman AM. Oxidized phospholipids cause changes in jejunum mucus that induce dysbiosis and systemic inflammation. J Lipid Res 2021; 63:100153. [PMID: 34808192 PMCID: PMC8953663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that adding a concentrate of transgenic tomatoes expressing the apoA-I mimetic peptide 6F (Tg6F) to a Western diet (WD) ameliorated systemic inflammation. To determine the mechanism(s) responsible for these observations, Ldlr−/− mice were fed chow, a WD, or WD plus Tg6F. We found that a WD altered the taxonomic composition of bacteria in jejunum mucus. For example, Akkermansia muciniphila virtually disappeared, while overall bacteria numbers and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels increased. In addition, gut permeability increased, as did the content of reactive oxygen species and oxidized phospholipids in jejunum mucus in WD-fed mice. Moreover, gene expression in the jejunum decreased for multiple peptides and proteins that are secreted into the mucous layer of the jejunum that act to limit bacteria numbers and their interaction with enterocytes including regenerating islet-derived proteins, defensins, mucin 2, surfactant A, and apoA-I. Following WD, gene expression also decreased for Il36γ, Il23, and Il22, cytokines critical for antimicrobial activity. WD decreased expression of both Atoh1 and Gfi1, genes required for the formation of goblet and Paneth cells, and immunohistochemistry revealed decreased numbers of goblet and Paneth cells. Adding Tg6F ameliorated these WD-mediated changes. Adding oxidized phospholipids ex vivo to the jejunum from mice fed a chow diet reproduced the changes in gene expression in vivo that occurred when the mice were fed WD and were prevented with addition of 6F peptide. We conclude that Tg6F ameliorates the WD-mediated increase in oxidized phospholipids that cause changes in jejunum mucus, which induce dysbiosis and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Victor Grijalva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nasrin Dorreh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Microbiome Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Microbiome Center, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Vallim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia J Mack
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kidess E, Kleerebezem M, Brugman S. Colonizing Microbes, IL-10 and IL-22: Keeping the Peace at the Mucosal Surface. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729053. [PMID: 34603258 PMCID: PMC8484919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our world is filled with microbes. Each multicellular organism has developed ways to interact with this microbial environment. Microbes do not always pose a threat; they can contribute to many processes that benefit the host. Upon colonization both host and microbes adapt resulting in dynamic ecosystems in different host niches. Regulatory processes develop within the host to prevent overt inflammation to beneficial microbes, yet keeping the possibility to respond when pathogens attempt to adhere and invade tissues. This review will focus on microbial colonization and the early (innate) host immune response, with special emphasis on the microbiota-modifying roles of IL-10 and IL-22 in the intestine. IL-10 knock out mice show an altered microbial composition, and spontaneously develop enterocolitis over time. IL-22 knock out mice, although not developing enterocolitis spontaneously, also have an altered microbial composition and increase of epithelial-adherent bacteria, mainly caused by a decrease in mucin and anti-microbial peptide production. Recently interesting links have been found between the IL-10 and IL-22 pathways. While IL-22 can function as a regulatory cytokine at the mucosal surface, it also has inflammatory roles depending on the context. For example, lack of IL-22 in the IL-10–/– mice model prevents spontaneous colitis development. Additionally, the reduced microbial diversity observed in IL-10–/– mice was also reversed in IL-10/IL-22 double mutant mice (Gunasekera et al., 2020). Since in early life, host immunity develops in parallel and in interaction with colonizing microbes, there is a need for future studies that focus on the effect of the timing of colonization in relation to the developmental phase of the host. To illustrate this, examples from zebrafish research will be compared with studies performed in mammals. Since zebrafish develop from eggs and are directly exposed to the outside microbial world, timing of the development of host immunity and subsequent control of microbial composition, is different from mammals that develop in utero and only get exposed after birth. Likewise, colonization studies using adult germfree mice might yield different results from those using neonatal germfree mice. Lastly, special emphasis will be given to the need for host genotype and environmental (co-housing) control of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Kidess
- Animal Sciences Group, Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Animal Sciences Group, Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Animal Sciences Group, Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α regulates lactate levels to shape the gut microbiome and alter thermogenesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1988-2003.e7. [PMID: 34329568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota regulates obesity through metabolite-host interactions. However, the mechanisms underlying such interactions have been unclear. Here, we found that intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) positively regulates gut lactate by controlling the expression of intestinal Ldha. Intestine-specific HIF-2α ablation in mice resulted in lower lactate levels, and less Bacteroides vulgatus and greater Ruminococcus torques abundance, respectively. Together, these changes resulted in elevated taurine-conjugated cholic acid (TCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) levels and activation of the adipose G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, GPBAR1 (TGR5). This activation upregulated expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 and mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKMT) 2, resulting in elevation of white adipose tissue thermogenesis. Administration of TCA and DCA mirrored these phenotypes, and colonization with B. vulgatus and R. torques inhibited and induced thermogenesis, respectively. This work deepens our understanding of how host genes regulate the microbiome and provides novel strategies for alleviating obesity.
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Lutgens E, Joffre J, van Os B, Ait-Oufella H. Targeting cytokines and immune checkpoints in atherosclerosis with monoclonal antibodies. Atherosclerosis 2021; 335:98-109. [PMID: 34593238 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past fifteen years, treatments using monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting cytokines have been developed to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis, both associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The cardiovascular impact of these therapies allows us to validate the clinical relevance of the knowledge acquired from experimental studies about the role of cytokines in atherosclerosis. Several clinical studies have confirmed the protective effects of anti-TNFα and anti-IL-6R monoclonal antibodies against athero-thrombotic cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Yet, caution is needed since anti-TNFα treatment can aggravate chronic heart failure. More recently, the CANTOS study showed for the first time that an anti-inflammatory treatment using anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody in coronary artery disease patients significantly reduced cardiovascular events. The effects of IL-23/IL-17 axis blockade on cardiovascular risk in patients with psoriasis or arthritis remain controversial. Several monoclonal antibodies targeting costimulatory molecules have also been developed, a direct way to confirm their involvement in atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Blocking the CD28-CD80/86 axis with Abatacept has been shown to reduce cardiovascular risk. In contrast, the treatment of cancer patients with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint inhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4, PD1, or PDL1, could worsen the risk of atherothrombotic events. In the future, cardiologists will be increasingly solicited to assess the cardiovascular risk of patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases or cancer and participate in choosing the most appropriate treatment. At the same time, immunomodulatory approaches directly targeting cardiovascular diseases will be developed as a complement to the usual treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, 80336, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Jeremie Joffre
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bram van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France.
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Cardiovascular Safety of Biologics Targeting Interleukin (IL)-12 and/or IL-23: What Does the Evidence Say? Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:587-601. [PMID: 34292509 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence regarding the association between psoriasis and the elevated risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Many patients with psoriasis may also be concerned that their treatments may be associated with a further increase in the risk of CV disease. In this article, we summarize the data regarding the biological role of interleukin (IL)-12/23 in atherogenesis. We performed a literature search for currently known CV safety data from trials and observational studies of treatments targeting IL-12/23 in psoriasis, i.e. the p40 inhibitors ustekinumab and briakinumab, and the p19 inhibitors guselkumab, risankizumab, and tildrakizumab. On balance, extensive evidence supports the CV safety of ustekinumab, with over 14 years of follow-up data in multiple cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). One self-controlled study concluded ustekinumab may precipitate short-term raised CV risk, but the study had limitations hindering interpretation. The safety evidence from RCTs on the p19 inhibitors are reassuring thus far, but these studies may not detect rare CV events in real-world patients. We concluded that the overall evidence does not show that ustekinumab is associated with an increase in the risk of CV disease in patients with psoriasis, but further data are awaited to assess the CV safety of p19 inhibitors for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Psoriasis and Cardiovascular Disease: Novel Mechanisms and Evolving Therapeutics. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:67. [PMID: 34468875 PMCID: PMC9744099 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is associated with increased cardiovascular risk compared to those without psoriasis. This review will cover emerging mechanisms of cardiovascular risk, key pathways targeted with biologic therapies, and the current evidence on therapies to modulate this risk in patients with psoriasis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent scientific work has highlighted mechanisms that contribute to this enhanced risk, including the role of vascular endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiometabolic comorbidities. Newer biologic and targeted synthetic therapies have transformed psoriasis treatment with high rates of clinical remission and durable skin disease control now possible. Epidemiological evidence suggests that many of these therapies may lower cardiovascular risk in psoriasis, although prospective interventional data is lacking (or mixed). Recently, caution has also been raised that some treatments may negatively affect cardiovascular risk. Overall, the current data suggests a positive or neutral ability to reduce cardiovascular risk for TNF, IL-17A, and IL-12/23p40 inhibitors, but current evidence remains conflicting for anti-IL-23/p19 and JAK inhibitors. More studies that include prospective cohorts, larger number of patients, treatment duration, and validated surrogate outcomes are needed to better evaluate the role of biologic therapies on cardiovascular risk in psoriasis.
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Luo JW, Hu Y, Liu J, Yang H, Huang P. Interleukin-22: a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2021; 27:88. [PMID: 34388961 PMCID: PMC8362238 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic immuno-inflammatory disease that is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells and lipids in the vascular wall. In this review, we focus on the latest advance regarding the regulation and signaling pathways of IL-22 and highlight its impacts on atherosclerosis. MAIN BODY IL-22, an important member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, is released by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system and plays a key role in the development of inflammatory diseases. The binding of IL-22 to its receptor complex can trigger a diverse array of downstream signaling pathways, in particular the JAK/STAT, to induce the expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Recently, numerous studies suggest that IL-22 is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulation of VSMC proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, hypertension, and cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSION IL-22 promotes the development of atherosclerosis by multiple mechanisms, which may be a promising therapeutic target in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Luo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China.
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Kayama H, Okumura R, Takeda K. Interaction Between the Microbiota, Epithelia, and Immune Cells in the Intestine. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 38:23-48. [PMID: 32340570 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-070119-115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating pathogens. The intestinal microbiota maintains epithelial barrier integrity and shapes the mucosal immune system, balancing host defense and oral tolerance with microbial metabolites, components, and attachment to host cells. To avoid aberrant immune responses, epithelial cells segregate the intestinal microbiota from immune cells by constructing chemical and physical barriers, leading to the establishment of host-commensal mutualism. Furthermore, intestinal immune cells participate in the maintenance of a healthy microbiota community and reinforce epithelial barrier functions. Perturbations of the microbiota composition are commonly observed in patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. An understanding of the intimate interactions between the intestinal microbiota, epithelial cells, and immune cells that are crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis might promote advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Stockinger B, Shah K, Wincent E. AHR in the intestinal microenvironment: safeguarding barrier function. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:559-570. [PMID: 33742166 PMCID: PMC7611426 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS family of transcription factors, which are evolutionarily conserved environmental sensors. In the absence of ligands, AHR resides in the cytoplasm in a complex with molecular chaperones such as HSP90, XAP2 and p23. Upon ligand binding, AHR translocates into the nuclear compartment, where it dimerizes with its partner protein, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT), an obligatory partner for the DNA-binding and functional activity. Historically, AHR had mostly been considered as a key intermediary for the detrimental effects of environmental pollutants on the body. However, following the discovery of AHR-mediated functions in various immune cells, as well as the emergence of non-toxic 'natural' AHR ligands, this view slowly began to change, and the study of AHR-deficient mice revealed a plethora of important beneficial functions linked to AHR activation. This Review focuses on regulation of the AHR pathway and the barrier-protective roles AHR has in haematopoietic, as well as non-haematopoietic, cells within the intestinal microenvironment. It covers the nature of AHR ligands and feedback regulation of the AHR pathway, outlining the currently known physiological functions in immune, epithelial, endothelial and neuronal cells of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Wincent
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Hu Y, Gu J, Wang Y, Lin J, Yu H, Yang F, Wu S, Yin J, Lv H, Ji X, Wang S. Promotion Effect of EGCG on the Raised Expression of IL-23 through the Signaling of STAT3-BATF2-c-JUN/ATF2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7898-7909. [PMID: 34227806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tea polyphenol of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been verified to possess multiple biological activities. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of two subunits of IL-23p19 and IL-12p40, with the functionality in regulating the production of cytokines under physiological or pathological conditions. By serendipity, the raised expression of IL-23 was observed after treating cells with EGCG, whereas the detailed mechanism remains poorly understood. This study was proposed to investigate the signaling related to EGCG-induced IL-23. The raised expression of IL-23 was confirmed primarily by intraperitoneally injecting with different concentrations of EGCG (0, 20, 50, 80 mg/kg) into BALB/c mice, and the raised expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Results from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed the increase of IL-23 in serum from 116.09 to 153.90 pg/mL after treating with EGCG. The same results were also observed in RAW264.7 and peritoneal macrophages after treating with EGCG (0, 1, 5, 10, 25 μM) with the increased tendency of IL-23 in cultural medium (7.98 to 25.38 pg/mL for RAW264.7; 3.64 to 260.93 pg/mL for peritoneal macrophages). After preliminary exploration of the signaling related to the increased IL-23, the classical signaling pathways and key transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), were demonstrated with no relevant contribution. A further study revealed the involvement of the key transcription factor of BATF2, which could antagonistically modulate the transcription and translation of IL-23. The signaling of STAT3-BATF2-c-JUN/ATF2-IL-23 has been further verified in RAW264.7 macrophages using the STAT3 inhibitor of AG490 and the activator of Colivelin TFA. The results indicated that EGCG inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3 to facilitate the decreased level of BATF2, which contributed to the increased level of IL-23 by the enhancing heterodimerization of c-JUN and ATF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaxin Gu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huaning Yu
- Guangdong Midea Kitchen Appliances Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Feier Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sihao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huan Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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