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Billipp TE, Fung C, Webeck LM, Sargent DB, Gologorsky MB, Chen Z, McDaniel MM, Kasal DN, McGinty JW, Barrow KA, Rich LM, Barilli A, Sabat M, Debley JS, Wu C, Myers R, Howitt MR, von Moltke J. Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine promotes epithelial chloride secretion and intestinal helminth clearance. Immunity 2024; 57:1243-1259.e8. [PMID: 38744291 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial cells secrete chloride to regulate water release at mucosal barriers, supporting both homeostatic hydration and the "weep" response that is critical for type 2 immune defense against parasitic worms (helminths). Epithelial tuft cells in the small intestine sense helminths and release cytokines and lipids to activate type 2 immune cells, but whether they regulate epithelial secretion is unknown. Here, we found that tuft cell activation rapidly induced epithelial chloride secretion in the small intestine. This response required tuft cell sensory functions and tuft cell-derived acetylcholine (ACh), which acted directly on neighboring epithelial cells to stimulate chloride secretion, independent of neurons. Maximal tuft cell-induced chloride secretion coincided with immune restriction of helminths, and clearance was delayed in mice lacking tuft cell-derived ACh, despite normal type 2 inflammation. Thus, we have uncovered an epithelium-intrinsic response unit that uses ACh to couple tuft cell sensing to the secretory defenses of neighboring epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E Billipp
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Connie Fung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lily M Webeck
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Derek B Sargent
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew B Gologorsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret M McDaniel
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darshan N Kasal
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John W McGinty
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucille M Rich
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mark Sabat
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Michael R Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Li YH, Yang YS, Xue YB, Lei H, Zhang SS, Qian J, Yao Y, Zhou R, Huang L. G protein subunit G γ13-mediated signaling pathway is critical to the inflammation resolution and functional recovery of severely injured lungs. eLife 2024; 12:RP92956. [PMID: 38836551 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells are a group of rare epithelial cells that can detect pathogenic microbes and parasites. Many of these cells express signaling proteins initially found in taste buds. It is, however, not well understood how these taste signaling proteins contribute to the response to the invading pathogens or to the recovery of injured tissues. In this study, we conditionally nullified the signaling G protein subunit Gγ13 and found that the number of ectopic tuft cells in the injured lung was reduced following the infection of the influenza virus H1N1. Furthermore, the infected mutant mice exhibited significantly larger areas of lung injury, increased macrophage infiltration, severer pulmonary epithelial leakage, augmented pyroptosis and cell death, greater bodyweight loss, slower recovery, worsened fibrosis and increased fatality. Our data demonstrate that the Gγ13-mediated signal transduction pathway is critical to tuft cells-mediated inflammation resolution and functional repair of the damaged lungs.To our best knowledge, it is the first report indicating subtype-specific contributions of tuft cells to the resolution and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Sen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Bo Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sai-Sai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yushi Yao
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Liquan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, United States
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3
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McKay DM, Defaye M, Rajeev S, MacNaughton WK, Nasser Y, Sharkey KA. Neuroimmunophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G712-G725. [PMID: 38626403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00075.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Gut physiology is the epicenter of a web of internal communication systems (i.e., neural, immune, hormonal) mediated by cell-cell contacts, soluble factors, and external influences, such as the microbiome, diet, and the physical environment. Together these provide the signals that shape enteric homeostasis and, when they go awry, lead to disease. Faced with the seemingly paradoxical tasks of nutrient uptake (digestion) and retarding pathogen invasion (host defense), the gut integrates interactions between a variety of cells and signaling molecules to keep the host nourished and protected from pathogens. When the system fails, the outcome can be acute or chronic disease, often labeled as "idiopathic" in nature (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease). Here we underscore the importance of a holistic approach to gut physiology, placing an emphasis on intercellular connectedness, using enteric neuroimmunophysiology as the paradigm. The goal of this opinion piece is to acknowledge the pace of change brought to our field via single-cell and -omic methodologies and other techniques such as cell lineage tracing, transgenic animal models, methods for culturing patient tissue, and advanced imaging. We identify gaps in the field and hope to inspire and challenge colleagues to take up the mantle and advance awareness of the subtleties, intricacies, and nuances of intestinal physiology in health and disease by defining communication pathways between gut resident cells, those recruited from the circulation, and "external" influences such as the central nervous system and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M McKay
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sruthi Rajeev
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Mosala P, Mpotje T, Abdel Aziz N, Ndlovu H, Musaigwa F, Nono JK, Brombacher F. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 as a potential target for host-directed therapy during chronic schistosomiasis in murine model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1279043. [PMID: 38840916 PMCID: PMC11150569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1279043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains the most devastating neglected tropical disease, affecting over 240 million people world-wide. The disease is caused by the eggs laid by mature female worms that are trapped in host's tissues, resulting in chronic Th2 driven fibrogranulmatous pathology. Although the disease can be treated with a relatively inexpensive drug, praziquantel (PZQ), re-infections remain a major problem in endemic areas. There is a need for new therapeutic drugs and alternative drug treatments for schistosomiasis. The current study hypothesized that cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) could mediate fibroproliferative pathology during schistosomiasis. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are potent lipid mediators that are known to be key players in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of cysLTR1 during experimental acute and chronic schistosomiasis using cysLTR1-/- mice, as well as the use of cysLTR1 inhibitor (Montelukast) to assess immune responses during chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection. Mice deficient of cysLTR1 and littermate control mice were infected with either high or low dose of Schistosoma mansoni to achieve chronic or acute schistosomiasis, respectively. Hepatic granulomatous inflammation, hepatic fibrosis and IL-4 production in the liver was significantly reduced in mice lacking cysLTR1 during chronic schistosomiasis, while reduced liver pathology was observed during acute schistosomiasis. Pharmacological blockade of cysLTR1 using montelukast in combination with PZQ reduced hepatic inflammation and parasite egg burden in chronically infected mice. Combination therapy led to the expansion of Tregs in chronically infected mice. We show that the disruption of cysLTR1 is dispensable for host survival during schistosomiasis, suggesting an important role cysLTR1 may play during early immunity against schistosomiasis. Our findings revealed that the combination of montelukast and PZQ could be a potential prophylactic treatment for chronic schistosomiasis by reducing fibrogranulomatous pathology in mice. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that cysLTR1 is a potential target for host-directed therapy to ameliorate fibrogranulomatous pathology in the liver during chronic and acute schistosomiasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paballo Mosala
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thabo Mpotje
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nada Abdel Aziz
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Immuno-Biotechnology Lab, Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Division of Chemical and System Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fungai Musaigwa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Justin Komguep Nono
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Unit of Immunobiology and Helminth Infections, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa
- Welcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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O'Carroll SM, Henkel FDR, O'Neill LAJ. Metabolic regulation of type I interferon production. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:276-287. [PMID: 38465724 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a surge in discoveries of how metabolic pathways regulate immune cell function in health and disease, establishing the field of immunometabolism. Specifically, pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and those involving lipid metabolism have been implicated in regulating immune cell function. Viral infections cause immunometabolic changes which lead to antiviral immunity, but little is known about how metabolic changes regulate interferon responses. Interferons are critical cytokines in host defense, rapidly induced upon pathogen recognition, but are also involved in autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes how metabolic change impacts interferon production. We describe how glycolysis, lipid metabolism (specifically involving eicosanoids and cholesterol), and the TCA cycle-linked intermediates itaconate and fumarate impact type I interferons. Targeting these metabolic changes presents new therapeutic possibilities to modulate type I interferons during host defense or autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M O'Carroll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fiona D R Henkel
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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6
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Salas-Escabillas DJ, Hoffman MT, Moore JS, Brender SM, Wen HJ, Benitz S, Davis ET, Long D, Wombwell AM, Steele NG, Sears RC, Matsumoto I, DelGiorno KE, Crawford HC. Tuft cells transdifferentiate to neural-like progenitor cells in the progression of pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579982. [PMID: 38405804 PMCID: PMC10888969 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is partly initiated through the transdifferentiation of acinar cells to metaplastic ducts that act as precursors of neoplasia and cancer. Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory cells not found in the normal pancreas but arise in metaplasia and neoplasia, diminishing as neoplastic lesions progress to carcinoma. Metaplastic tuft cells (mTCs) function to suppress tumor progression through communication with the tumor microenvironment, but their fate during progression is unknown. To determine the fate of mTCs during PDA progression, we have created a lineage tracing model that uses a tamoxifen-inducible tuft-cell specific Pou2f3CreERT/+ driver to induce transgene expression, including the lineage tracer tdTomato or the oncogene Myc. mTC lineage trace models of pancreatic neoplasia and carcinoma were used to follow mTC fate. We found that mTCs, in the carcinoma model, transdifferentiate into neural-like progenitor cells (NRPs), a cell type associated with poor survival in PDA patients. Using conditional knock-out and overexpression systems, we found that Myc activity in mTCs is necessary and sufficient to induce this Tuft-to-Neuroendocrine-Transition (TNT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Salas-Escabillas
- Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | - Megan T. Hoffman
- Department of Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Hui-Ju Wen
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | - Simone Benitz
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Dan Long
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
- Cancer Biology Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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7
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Zaiss DMW, Pearce EJ, Artis D, McKenzie ANJ, Klose CSN. Cooperation of ILC2s and T H2 cells in the expulsion of intestinal helminth parasites. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:294-302. [PMID: 37798539 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses form a critical defence against enteric worm infections. In recent years, mouse models have revealed shared and unique functions for group 2 innate lymphoid cells and T helper 2 cells in type 2 immune response to intestinal helminths. Both cell types use similar innate effector functions at the site of infection, whereas each population has distinct roles during different stages of infection. In this Perspective, we review the underlying mechanisms used by group 2 innate lymphoid cells and T helper 2 cells to cooperate with each other and suggest an overarching model of the interplay between these cell types over the course of a helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar M W Zaiss
- Department of Immune Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christoph S N Klose
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Strine MS, Fagerberg E, Darcy PW, Barrón GM, Filler RB, Alfajaro MM, D'Angelo-Gavrish N, Wang F, Graziano VR, Menasché BL, Damo M, Wang YT, Howitt MR, Lee S, Joshi NS, Mucida D, Wilen CB. Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi7038. [PMID: 38517952 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The persistent murine norovirus strain MNVCR6 is a model for human norovirus and enteric viral persistence. MNVCR6 causes chronic infection by directly infecting intestinal tuft cells, rare chemosensory epithelial cells. Although MNVCR6 induces functional MNV-specific CD8+ T cells, these lymphocytes fail to clear infection. To examine how tuft cells promote immune escape, we interrogated tuft cell interactions with CD8+ T cells by adoptively transferring JEDI (just EGFP death inducing) CD8+ T cells into Gfi1b-GFP tuft cell reporter mice. Unexpectedly, some intestinal tuft cells partially resisted JEDI CD8+ T cell-mediated killing-unlike Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and extraintestinal tuft cells-despite seemingly normal antigen presentation. When targeting intestinal tuft cells, JEDI CD8+ T cells predominantly adopted a T resident memory phenotype with decreased effector and cytotoxic capacity, enabling tuft cell survival. JEDI CD8+ T cells neither cleared nor prevented MNVCR6 infection in the colon, the site of viral persistence, despite targeting a virus-independent antigen. Ultimately, we show that intestinal tuft cells are relatively resistant to CD8+ T cells independent of norovirus infection, representing an immune-privileged niche that can be leveraged by enteric microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison S Strine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick W Darcy
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel M Barrón
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Fang Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vincent R Graziano
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bridget L Menasché
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Michael R Howitt
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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9
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Silverman JB, Krystofiak EE, Caplan LR, Lau KS, Tyska MJ. Intestinal tuft cells assemble a cytoskeletal superstructure composed of co-aligned actin bundles and microtubules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585757. [PMID: 38562898 PMCID: PMC10983963 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background & Aims All tissues consist of a distinct set of cell types, which collectively support organ function and homeostasis. Tuft cells are a rare epithelial cell type found in diverse epithelia, where they play important roles in sensing antigens and stimulating downstream immune responses. Exhibiting a unique polarized morphology, tuft cells are defined by an array of giant actin filament bundles that support ∼2 μm of apical membrane protrusion and extend over 7 μm towards the cell's perinuclear region. Despite their established roles in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis, tuft cells remain understudied due to their rarity (e.g. ∼ 1% in the small intestinal epithelium). Details regarding the ultrastructural organization of the tuft cell cytoskeleton, the molecular components involved in building the array of giant actin bundles, and how these cytoskeletal structures support tuft cell biology remain unclear. Methods To begin to answer these questions, we used advanced light and electron microscopy to perform quantitative morphometry of the small intestinal tuft cell cytoskeleton. Results We found that tuft cell core bundles consist of actin filaments that are crosslinked in a parallel "barbed-end out" configuration. These polarized structures are also supported by a unique group of tuft cell enriched actin-binding proteins that are differentially localized along the giant core bundles. Furthermore, we found that tuft cell actin bundles are co-aligned with a highly ordered network of microtubules. Conclusions Tuft cells assemble a cytoskeletal superstructure that is well positioned to serve as a track for subcellular transport along the apical-basolateral axis and in turn, support the dynamic sensing functions that are critical for intestinal epithelial homeostasis. SYNOPSIS This research leveraged advanced light and electron microscopy to perform quantitative morphometry of the intestinal tuft cell cytoskeleton. Three-dimensional reconstructions of segmented image data revealed a co-aligned actin-microtubule superstructure that may play a fundamental role in tuft cell function.
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10
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Feng X, Andersson T, Gschwend J, Flüchter P, Berest I, Muff JL, Carchidi D, Lechner A, de Tenorio JC, Brander N, Boehm U, Klose CSN, Artis D, Leinders-Zufall T, Zufall F, Schneider C. Tuft cell IL-17RB restrains IL-25 bioavailability and reveals context-dependent ILC2 hypoproliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583299. [PMID: 38496438 PMCID: PMC10942319 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The tuft cell-ILC2 circuit orchestrates rapid type 2 responses upon detecting microbe-derived succinate and luminal helminths. Our findings delineate key mechanistic steps, involving IP3R2 engagement and Ca 2+ flux, governing IL-25 production by tuft cells triggered by succinate detection. While IL-17RB plays a pivotal intrinsic role in ILC2 activation, it exerts a regulatory function in tuft cells. Tuft cells exhibit constitutive Il25 expression, placing them in an anticipatory state that facilitates rapid production of IL-25 protein for ILC2 activation. Tuft cell IL-17RB is crucial for restraining IL-25 bioavailability, preventing excessive tonic ILC2 stimulation due to basal Il25 expression. Suboptimal ILC2 stimulation by IL-25 resulting from tuft cell Il17rb -deficiency or prolonged succinate exposure induces a state of hypoproliferation in ILC2s, also observed in chronic helminth infection. Our study offers critical insights into the regulatory dynamics of IL-25 in this circuit, highlighting the delicate tuning required for responses to diverse luminal states.
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11
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Silverman JB, Vega PN, Tyska MJ, Lau KS. Intestinal Tuft Cells: Morphology, Function, and Implications for Human Health. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:479-504. [PMID: 37863104 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells are a rare and morphologically distinct chemosensory cell type found throughout many organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. These cells were identified by their unique morphologies distinguished by large apical protrusions. Ultrastructural data have begun to describe the molecular underpinnings of their cytoskeletal features, and tuft cell-enriched cytoskeletal proteins have been identified, although the connection of tuft cell morphology to tuft cell functionality has not yet been established. Furthermore, tuft cells display variations in function and identity between and within tissues, leading to the delineation of distinct tuft cell populations. As a chemosensory cell type, they display receptors that are responsive to ligands specific for their environment. While many studies have demonstrated the tuft cell response to protists and helminths in the intestine, recent research has highlighted other roles of tuft cells as well as implicated tuft cells in other disease processes including inflammation, cancer, and viral infections. Here, we review the literature on the cytoskeletal structure of tuft cells. Additionally, we focus on new research discussing tuft cell lineage, ligand-receptor interactions, tuft cell tropism, and the role of tuft cells in intestinal disease. Finally, we discuss the implication of tuft cell-targeted therapies in human health and how the morphology of tuft cells may contribute to their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Silverman
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Paige N Vega
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
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12
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Lyu R, Wu J, He Y, You Q, Qian Y, Jiang N, Cai Y, Chen D, Wu Z. Folate supports IL-25-induced tuft cell expansion following enteroviral infections. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23430. [PMID: 38243751 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301928r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells, a kind of epithelial immune cells, rapidly expand in response to pathogenic infections, which is associated with infection-induced interleukin 25 (IL-25) upregulation. However, the metabolic mechanism of IL-25-induced tuft cell expansion is largely unknown. Folate metabolism provides essential purine and methyl substrates for cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, we aim to investigate the roles of folate metabolism playing in IL-25-induced tuft cell expansion by enteroviral infection and recombinant murine IL-25 (rmIL-25) protein-stimulated mouse models. At present, enteroviruses, such as EV71, CVA16, CVB3, and CVB4, upregulated IL-25 expression and induced tuft cell expansion in the intestinal tissues of mice. However, EV71 did not induce intestinal tuft cell expansion in IL-25-/- mice. Interestingly, compared to the mock group, folate was enriched in the intestinal tissues of both the EV71-infected group and the rmIL-25 protein-stimulated group. Moreover, folate metabolism supported IL-25-induced tuft cell expansion since both folate-depletion and anti-folate MTX-treated mice had a disrupted tuft cell expansion in response to rmIL-25 protein stimulation. In summary, our data suggested that folate metabolism supported intestinal tuft cell expansion in response to enterovirus-induced IL-25 expression, which provided a new insight into the mechanisms of tuft cell expansion from the perspective of folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Lyu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating He
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao You
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Qian
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Yang H, Huang YX, Xiong PY, Li JQ, Chen JL, Liu X, Gong YJ, Ding WJ. Possible connection between intestinal tuft cells, ILC2s and obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1266667. [PMID: 38283340 PMCID: PMC10811205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells (TCs) are defined as chemosensory cells that can "taste" danger and induce immune responses. They play a critical role in gastrointestinal parasite invasion, inflammatory bowel diseases and high-fat diet-induced obesity. Intestinal IL-25, the unique product of TCs, is a key activator of type 2 immunity, especially to promote group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to secret IL-13. Then the IL-13 mainly promotes intestinal stem cell (ISCs) proliferation into TCs and goblet cells. This pathway formulates the circuit in the intestine. This paper focuses on the potential role of the intestinal TC, ILC2 and their circuit in obesity-induced intestinal damage, and discussion on further study and the potential therapeutic target in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Xing Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei-Yu Xiong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Qian Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Lan Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ju Gong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Lekki-Jóźwiak J, Bąska P. The Roles of Various Immune Cell Populations in Immune Response against Helminths. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:420. [PMID: 38203591 PMCID: PMC10778651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Helminths are multicellular parasites that are a substantial problem for both human and veterinary medicine. According to estimates, 1.5 billion people suffer from their infection, resulting in decreased life quality and burdens for healthcare systems. On the other hand, these infections may alleviate autoimmune diseases and allergy symptoms. The immune system is programmed to combat infections; nevertheless, its effector mechanisms may result in immunopathologies and exacerbate clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the role of the immune response against worms, with an emphasis on the Th2 response, which is a hallmark of helminth infections. We characterize non-immune cells (enteric tuft cells-ETCs) responsible for detecting parasites, as well as the role of hematopoietic-derived cells (macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells group 2-ILC2s, mast cells, T cells, and B cells) in initiating and sustaining the immune response, as well as the functions they play in granulomas. The aim of this paper is to review the existing knowledge regarding the immune response against helminths, to attempt to decipher the interactions between cells engaged in the response, and to indicate the gaps in the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Lekki-Jóźwiak
- Division of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bąska
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Ding L, Weygant N, Ding C, Lai Y, Li H. DCLK1 and tuft cells: Immune-related functions and implications for cancer immunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104118. [PMID: 37660932 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DCLK1, a tuft cell marker, is widely expressed in various tumors. Its high expression levels are closely linked to malignant tumor progression, making it a potential tumor-related marker. Recent studies have shed light on the critical roles of DCLK1 and tuft cells in the immune response and the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis, as well as targeted immune escape mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to comprehensively examine the current understanding of immune-related functions mediated by DCLK1 and tuft cells in epithelial tissues, including the roles of relevant cells and important factors involved. Additionally, this review will discuss recent advances in anti-tumor immunity mediated by DCLK1/tuft cells and their potential as immunotherapeutic targets. Furthermore, we will consider the potential impact of DCLK1 targeted therapy in cancer immunotherapy, particularly DCLK1 kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic drugs in anti-tumor immunity, providing a new perspective and reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Nathaniel Weygant
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chenhuan Ding
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - He Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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16
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O'Keefe RN, Carli ALE, Baloyan D, Chisanga D, Shi W, Afshar-Sterle S, Eissmann MF, Poh AR, Pal B, Seillet C, Locksley RM, Ernst M, Buchert M. A tuft cell - ILC2 signaling circuit provides therapeutic targets to inhibit gastric metaplasia and tumor development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6872. [PMID: 37898600 PMCID: PMC10613282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, systemic treatment strategies remain scarce. Here, we report the pro-tumorigenic properties of the crosstalk between intestinal tuft cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) that is evolutionarily optimized for epithelial remodeling in response to helminth infection. We demonstrate that tuft cell-derived interleukin 25 (IL25) drives ILC2 activation, inducing the release of IL13 and promoting epithelial tuft cell hyperplasia. While the resulting tuft cell - ILC2 feed-forward circuit promotes gastric metaplasia and tumor formation, genetic depletion of tuft cells or ILC2s, or therapeutic targeting of IL13 or IL25 alleviates these pathologies in mice. In gastric cancer patients, tuft cell and ILC2 gene signatures predict worsening survival in intestinal-type gastric cancer where ~40% of the corresponding cancers show enriched co-existence of tuft cells and ILC2s. Our findings suggest a role for ILC2 and tuft cells, along with their associated cytokine IL13 and IL25 as gatekeepers and enablers of metaplastic transformation and gastric tumorigenesis, thereby providing an opportunity to therapeutically inhibit early-stage gastric cancer through repurposing antibody-mediated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N O'Keefe
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Annalisa L E Carli
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Baloyan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Chisanga
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Shoukat Afshar-Sterle
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Moritz F Eissmann
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R Poh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bhupinder Pal
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Cyril Seillet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
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17
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Lei H, Yu D, Xue YB, Li YH, Gong SM, Peng YY, Liu KF, Buratto D, Yang Y, Zhang SS, Wu M, Zhou R, Huang L. Tuft cells utilize taste signaling molecules to respond to the pathobiont microbe Ruminococcus gnavus in the proximal colon. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259521. [PMID: 37954611 PMCID: PMC10634341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells are a type of rare epithelial cells that have been recently found to utilize taste signal transduction pathways to detect and respond to various noxious stimuli and pathogens, including allergens, bacteria, protists and parasitic helminths. It is, however, not fully understood how many different types of pathogens they can sense or what exact molecular mechanisms they employ to initiate targeted responses. In this study, we found that an anaerobic pathobiont microbe, Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus), can induce tuft cell proliferation in the proximal colon whereas the microbe's lysate can stimulate these proximal colonic tuft cells to release interleukin-25 (IL-25). Nullification of the Gng13 and Trpm5 genes that encode the G protein subunit Gγ13 and transient receptor potential ion channel Trpm5, respectively, or application of the Tas2r inhibitor allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), G protein Gβγ subunit inhibitor Gallein or the phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2) inhibitor U73122 reduces R. gnavus-elicited tuft cell proliferation or IL-25 release or both. Furthermore, Gng13 conditional knockout or Trpm5 knockout diminishes the expression of gasdermins C2, C3 and C4, and concomitantly increases the activated forms of caspases 3, 8 and 9 as well as the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the proximal colon. Together, our data suggest that taste signal transduction pathways are not only involved in the detection of R. gnavus infection, but also contribute to helping maintain gasdermin expression and prevent apoptotic cell death in the proximal colon, and these findings provide another strategy to combat R. gnavus infection and sheds light on new roles of taste signaling proteins along with gasdermins in protecting the integrity of the proximal colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Defu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Bo Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Meng Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai-Fang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Damiano Buratto
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sai-Sai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, China
| | - Liquan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, China
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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18
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Campillo Poveda M, Britton C, Devaney E, McNeilly TN, Gerbe F, Jay P, Maizels RM. Tuft Cells: Detectors, Amplifiers, Effectors and Targets in Parasite Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2477. [PMID: 37887321 PMCID: PMC10605326 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells have recently emerged as the focus of intense interest following the discovery of their chemosensory role in the intestinal tract, and their ability to activate Type 2 immune responses to helminth parasites. Moreover, they populate a wide range of mucosal tissues and are intimately connected to immune and neuronal cells, either directly or through the release of pharmacologically active mediators. They are now recognised to fulfil both homeostatic roles, in metabolism and tissue integrity, as well as acting as the first sensors of parasite infection, immunity to which is lost in their absence. In this review we focus primarily on the importance of tuft cells in the intestinal niche, but also link to their more generalised physiological role and discuss their potential as targets for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Campillo Poveda
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | - Collette Britton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Eileen Devaney
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (C.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Tom N. McNeilly
- Disease Control Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK;
| | - François Gerbe
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Philippe Jay
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, F-34094 Montpellier, France; (F.G.); (P.J.)
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
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19
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Maizels RM, Gause WC. Targeting helminths: The expanding world of type 2 immune effector mechanisms. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221381. [PMID: 37638887 PMCID: PMC10460967 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this new review, Rick Maizels and Bill Gause summarize how type 2 immune responses combat helminth parasites through novel mechanisms, coordinating multiple innate and adaptive cell and molecular players that can eliminate infection and repair-resultant tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William C. Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
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20
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Sell EA, Tan LH, Lin C, Bosso JV, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Lee RJ, Kohanski MA, Reed DR, Cohen NA. Microbial metabolite succinate activates solitary chemosensory cells in the human sinonasal epithelium. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:1525-1534. [PMID: 36565436 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate, although most famous for its role in the Krebs cycle, can be released extracellularly as a signal of cellular distress, particularly in situations of metabolic stress and inflammation. Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) express SUCNR1, the succinate receptor, and modulate type 2 inflammatory responses in helminth and protozoal infections in the small intestine. SCCs are the dominant epithelial source of interleukin-25, as well as an important source of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the airway, and have been implicated as upstream agents in type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma. METHODS In this study, we used scRNAseq analysis, live cell imaging of intracellular calcium from primary sinonasal air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures from 1 donor, and measure antimicrobial peptide release from 5 donors to demonstrate preliminary evidence suggesting that succinate can act as a stimulant of SCCs in the human sinonasal epithelium. RESULTS Results from scRNAseq analysis show that approximately 10% of the SCC/ionocyte cluster of cells expressed SUCNR1 as well as a small population of immune cells. Using live cell imaging of intracellular calcium, we also demonstrate that clusters of cells on primary sinonasal ALI cultures initiated calcium-mediated signaling in response to succinate stimulation. Furthermore, we present evidence that primary sinonasal ALI cultures treated with succinate had increased levels of apical beta-defensin 2, an antimicrobial peptide, compared to treatment with a control solution. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings demonstrate the need for further investigation into the activation of the sinonasal epithelium by succinate in the pathogenesis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sell
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Li Hui Tan
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John V Bosso
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James N Palmer
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael A Kohanski
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Noam A Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
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21
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Sun J, Li MX, Xie YM, Zhang YR, Chai YR. Thymic tuft cells: potential "regulators" of non-mucosal tissue development and immune response. Immunol Res 2023; 71:554-564. [PMID: 36961668 PMCID: PMC10037390 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
As the leading central immune organ, the thymus is where T cells differentiate and mature, and plays an essential regulatory role in the adaptive immune response. Tuft cells, as chemosensory cells, were first found in rat tracheal epithelial, later gradually confirmed to exist in various mucosal and non-mucosal tissues. Although tuft cells are epithelial-derived, because of their wide heterogeneity, they show functions similar to cholinergic and immune cells in addition to chemosensory ability. As newly discovered non-mucosal tuft cells, thymic tuft cells have been demonstrated to be involved in and play vital roles in immune responses such as antigen presentation, immune tolerance, and type 2 immunity. In addition to their unique functions in the thymus, thymic tuft cells have the characteristics of peripheral tuft cells, so they may also participate in the process of tumorigenesis and virus infection. Here, we review tuft cells' characteristics, distribution, and potential functions. More importantly, the potential role of thymic tuft cells in immune response, tumorigenesis, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection was summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People's Republic of China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Xin Li
- Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Meng Xie
- School of Fine Arts of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexuedadao Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Chai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexuedadao Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Arceneaux D, Chen Z, Simmons AJ, Heiser CN, Southard-Smith AN, Brenan MJ, Yang Y, Chen B, Xu Y, Choi E, Campbell JD, Liu Q, Lau KS. A contamination focused approach for optimizing the single-cell RNA-seq experiment. iScience 2023; 26:107242. [PMID: 37496679 PMCID: PMC10366499 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Droplet-based single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data are plagued by ambient contaminations caused by nucleic acid material released by dead and dying cells. This material is mixed into the buffer and is co-encapsulated with cells, leading to a lower signal-to-noise ratio. Although there exist computational methods to remove ambient contaminations post-hoc, the reliability of algorithms in generating high-quality data from low-quality sources remains uncertain. Here, we assess data quality before data filtering by a set of quantitative, contamination-based metrics that assess data quality more effectively than standard metrics. Through a series of controlled experiments, we report improvements that can minimize ambient contamination outside of tissue dissociation, via cell fixation, improved cell loading, microfluidic dilution, and nuclei versus cell preparation; many of these parameters are inaccessible on commercial platforms. We provide end-users with insights on factors that can guide their decision-making regarding optimizations that minimize ambient contamination, and metrics to assess data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deronisha Arceneaux
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan J. Simmons
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody N. Heiser
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Austin N. Southard-Smith
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Yilin Yang
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bob Chen
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yanwen Xu
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ken S. Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Ansari I, Solé-Boldo L, Ridnik M, Gutekunst J, Gilliam O, Korshko M, Liwinski T, Jickeli B, Weinberg-Corem N, Shoshkes-Carmel M, Pikarsky E, Elinav E, Lyko F, Bergman Y. TET2 and TET3 loss disrupts small intestine differentiation and homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4005. [PMID: 37414790 PMCID: PMC10326054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TET2/3 play a well-known role in epigenetic regulation and mouse development. However, their function in cellular differentiation and tissue homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here we show that ablation of TET2/3 in intestinal epithelial cells results in a murine phenotype characterized by a severe homeostasis imbalance in the small intestine. Tet2/3-deleted mice show a pronounced loss of mature Paneth cells as well as fewer Tuft and more Enteroendocrine cells. Further results show major changes in DNA methylation at putative enhancers, which are associated with cell fate-determining transcription factors and functional effector genes. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of DNA methylation partially rescues the methylation and cellular defects. TET2/3 loss also alters the microbiome, predisposing the intestine to inflammation under homeostatic conditions and acute inflammation-induced death. Together, our results uncover previously unrecognized critical roles for DNA demethylation, possibly occurring subsequently to chromatin opening during intestinal development, culminating in the establishment of normal intestinal crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Ansari
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Llorenç Solé-Boldo
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meshi Ridnik
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julian Gutekunst
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gilliam
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Korshko
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Timur Liwinski
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Clinic for Adults, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Jickeli
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Weinberg-Corem
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Shoshkes-Carmel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Division of Microbiome and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Lyko
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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24
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Gologorsky MB, Mechler CM, Forgó E, Charville GW, Howitt MR. The abundance and morphology of human large intestinal goblet and tuft cells during chronic schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12981. [PMID: 37038837 PMCID: PMC10192203 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis affects nearly 240 million people in predominately low- and middle-income countries and ranks second in the number of cases and socio-economic burden among all parasitic diseases. Despite the enormous burden posed by schistosomes, our understanding of how schistosomiasis impacts infected human tissues remains limited. Intestinal schistosomiasis in animal models leads to goblet cell hyperplasia, likely increasing mucus production and reflecting an intestinal type 2 immune response. However, it is unknown whether these same changes occur in schistosome-infected humans. Using immunofluorescence and light microscopy, we compared the abundance and morphology of goblet cells in patients diagnosed with schistosomiasis to uninfected controls. The mucin-containing vesicles in goblet cells from schistosome-infected patients were significantly larger (hypertrophic) than uninfected individuals, although goblet cell hyperplasia was absent in chronic human schistosomiasis. In addition, we examined tuft cells in the large intestinal epithelium of control and schistosome-infected patients. Tuft cell numbers expand during helminth infection in mice, but these cells have not been characterized in human parasite infections. We found no evidence of tuft cell hyperplasia during human schistosome infection. Thus, our study provides novel insight into schistosome-associated changes to the intestinal epithelium in humans, suggesting an increase in mucus production by large intestinal goblet cells but relatively minor effects on tuft cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erna Forgó
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology
| | | | - Michael R. Howitt
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology
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25
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Nadjsombati MS, Niepoth N, Webeck LM, Kennedy EA, Jones DL, Billipp TE, Baldridge MT, Bendesky A, von Moltke J. Genetic mapping reveals Pou2af2/OCA-T1-dependent tuning of tuft cell differentiation and intestinal type 2 immunity. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade5019. [PMID: 37172102 PMCID: PMC10308849 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensory epithelial tuft cells contribute to innate immunity at barrier surfaces, but their differentiation from epithelial progenitors is not well understood. Here, we exploited differences between inbred mouse strains to identify an epithelium-intrinsic mechanism that regulates tuft cell differentiation and tunes innate type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Balb/cJ (Balb) mice had fewer intestinal tuft cells than C57BL/6J (B6) mice and failed to respond to the tuft cell ligand succinate. Most of this differential succinate response was determined by the 50- to 67-Mb interval of chromosome 9 (Chr9), such that congenic Balb mice carrying the B6 Chr9 interval had elevated baseline numbers of tuft cells and responded to succinate. The Chr9 locus includes Pou2af2, which encodes the protein OCA-T1, a transcriptional cofactor essential for tuft cell development. Epithelial crypts expressed a previously unannotated short isoform of Pou2af2 predicted to use a distinct transcriptional start site and encode a nonfunctional protein. Low tuft cell numbers and the resulting lack of succinate response in Balb mice were explained by a preferential expression of the short isoform and could be rescued by expression of full-length Pou2af2. Physiologically, Pou2af2 isoform usage tuned innate type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Balb mice maintained responsiveness to helminth pathogens while ignoring commensal Tritrichomonas protists and reducing norovirus burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija S Nadjsombati
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Natalie Niepoth
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, NY, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Lily M Webeck
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle L Jones
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tyler E Billipp
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andres Bendesky
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, NY, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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26
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Molofsky AB, Locksley RM. The ins and outs of innate and adaptive type 2 immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:704-722. [PMID: 37044061 PMCID: PMC10120575 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is orchestrated by a canonical group of cytokines primarily produced by innate lymphoid cells, group 2, and their adaptive counterparts, CD4+ helper type 2 cells, and elaborated by myeloid cells and antibodies that accumulate in response. Here, we review the cytokine and cellular circuits that mediate type 2 immunity. Building from insights in cytokine evolution, we propose that innate type 2 immunity evolved to monitor the status of microbe-rich epithelial barriers (outside) and sterile parenchymal borders (inside) to meet the functional demands of local tissue, and, when necessary, to relay information to the adaptive immune system to reinforce demarcating borders to sustain these efforts. Allergic pathology likely results from deviations in local sustaining units caused by alterations imposed by environmental effects during postnatal developmental windows and exacerbated by mutations that increase vulnerabilities. This framework positions T2 immunity as central to sustaining tissue repair and regeneration and provides a context toward understanding allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Lab Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0451, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA.
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27
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Yuan Q, Peng N, Xiao F, Shi X, Zhu B, Rui K, Tian J, Lu L. New insights into the function of Interleukin-25 in disease pathogenesis. Biomark Res 2023; 11:36. [PMID: 37005677 PMCID: PMC10068183 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-25 (IL-25), also known as IL-17E, is a cytokine belonging to the IL-17 family. IL-25 is abundantly expressed by Th2 cells and various kinds of epithelial cells. IL-25 is an alarm signal generated upon cell injury or tissue damage to activate immune cells through the interaction with IL-17RA and IL-17RB receptors. The binding of IL-25 to IL-17RA/IL-17RB complex not only initiates and maintains type 2 immunity but also regulates other immune cells (e.g., macrophages and mast cells) via various signaling pathways. It has been well-documented that IL-25 is critically involved in the development of allergic disorders (e.g., asthma). However, the roles of IL-25 in the pathogenesis of other diseases and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This review presents current evidence on the roles of IL-25 in cancers, allergic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, we discuss the unanswered key questions underlying IL-25-mediated disease pathology, which will provide new insights into the targeted therapy of this cytokine in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Yuan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
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28
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Billipp TE, Fung C, Webeck LM, Sargent DB, Gologorsky MB, McDaniel MM, Kasal DN, McGinty JW, Barrow KA, Rich LM, Barilli A, Sabat M, Debley JS, Myers R, Howitt MR, von Moltke J. Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine regulates epithelial fluid secretion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533208. [PMID: 36993541 PMCID: PMC10055254 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory epithelial cells that can sense lumenal stimuli at mucosal barriers and secrete effector molecules to regulate the physiology and immune state of their surrounding tissue. In the small intestine, tuft cells detect parasitic worms (helminths) and microbe-derived succinate, and signal to immune cells to trigger a Type 2 immune response that leads to extensive epithelial remodeling spanning several days. Acetylcholine (ACh) from airway tuft cells has been shown to stimulate acute changes in breathing and mucocilliary clearance, but its function in the intestine is unknown. Here we show that tuft cell chemosensing in the intestine leads to release of ACh, but that this does not contribute to immune cell activation or associated tissue remodeling. Instead, tuft cell-derived ACh triggers immediate fluid secretion from neighboring epithelial cells into the intestinal lumen. This tuft cell-regulated fluid secretion is amplified during Type 2 inflammation, and helminth clearance is delayed in mice lacking tuft cell ACh. The coupling of the chemosensory function of tuft cells with fluid secretion creates an epithelium-intrinsic response unit that effects a physiological change within seconds of activation. This response mechanism is shared by tuft cells across tissues, and serves to regulate the epithelial secretion that is both a hallmark of Type 2 immunity and an essential component of homeostatic maintenance at mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E. Billipp
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Connie Fung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lily M. Webeck
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Derek B. Sargent
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew B. Gologorsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Margaret M. McDaniel
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Darshan N. Kasal
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John W. McGinty
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A. Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lucille M. Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Mark Sabat
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael R. Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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29
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郑 欣, 徐 欣, 周 学, 彭 显. [Mechanisms and Management of COVID-19-Associated Taste Disorders]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:334-341. [PMID: 36949695 PMCID: PMC10409153 DOI: 10.12182/20230260306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The taste buds in the human tongue contain specialized cells that generate taste signals when they are stimulated. These signals are then transmitted to the central nervous system, allowing the human body to distinguish nutritious substances from toxic or harmful ones. This process is critical to the survival of humans and other mammals. A number of studies have shown that dysgeusia, or taste disorder, is a common complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which can severely affect patients' nutritional intake and quality of life. Based on the physiological process of taste perception, the direct causes of dysgeusia include dysfunction of taste receptors and damage to the taste nervous system, while indirect causes include genetic factors, aging-related changes, bacterial and viral infections, and cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The pathogenic factors of dysgeusia are complicated, further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms, and some of the reported findings and conclusions still need further validation. All these form a great challenge for clinical diagnosis of the cause and targeted treatment of dysgeusia. Herein, we reviewed published research on the physiological process of taste perception, the potential mechanisms of taste disorders related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and strategies for prevention and treatment, providing theoretical support for establishing and improving the comprehensive management of COVID-19 complicated by taste disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- 欣 郑
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 欣 徐
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 学东 周
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 显 彭
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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30
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Widmayer P, Pregitzer P, Breer H. Short-term high fat feeding induces inflammatory responses of tuft cells and mucosal barrier cells in the murine stomach. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:273-286. [PMID: 35904321 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Feeding mice with a high fat diet (HFD) induces inflammation and results in changes of gene expression and cellular composition in various tissues throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. In the stomach, tuft cells expressing the receptor GPR120 are capable of sensing saturated long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and thus may be involved in initiating mechanisms of mucosal inflammation. In this study, we assessed which cell types may additionally be affected by high fat feeding and which candidate molecular mediators might contribute to mucosa-protective immune responses. A high fat dietary intervention for 3 weeks caused an expansion of tuft cells that was accompanied by a higher frequency of mucosal mast cells and surface mucous cells which are a known source of the insult-associated cytokine interleukin 33 (IL-33). Our data demonstrate that both brush and mucosal mast cells comprise the enzyme ALOX5 and its activating protein FLAP and thus have the capacity for synthesizing leukotriene (LT). In HFD mice, several tuft cells showed a perinuclear colocalization of ALOX5 with FLAP which is indicative of an active LT synthesis. Monitoring changes in the expression of genes encoding elements of LT synthesis and signaling revealed that transcript levels of the leukotriene C4 synthase, LTC4S, catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of cysteinyl (cys) LTs, and the cysLT receptors, cysLTR2 and cysLTR3, were upregulated in mice on HFD. These mice also showed an increased expression level of IL-33 receptors, the membrane-bound ST2L and soluble isoform sST2, as well as the mast cell-specific protease MCPT1. Based on these findings it is conceivable that upon sensing saturated LCFAs tuft cells may elicit inflammatory responses which result in the production of cysLTs and activation of surface mucous cells as well as mucosal mast cells regulating gastric mucosal function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Widmayer
- Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology (190v), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Pablo Pregitzer
- Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology (190v), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heinz Breer
- Institute of Biology, Department of Physiology (190v), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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31
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Chen W, Yan Q, Zhong R, Tan Z. Amino acid profiles, amino acid sensors and transporters expression and intestinal microbiota are differentially altered in goats infected with Haemonchus contortus. Amino Acids 2023; 55:371-384. [PMID: 36648537 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus causes host malnutrition and gastrointestinal injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of H. contortus infection on gastrointestinal contents of free amino acids (AA), the expression of AA transporters and microbiota with a focus on amino acid metabolism. Twenty-four Xiangdong black goats (13 ± 1.5 kg, 6 months old) were randomly assigned into the control group (n = 8) and the infected group (n = 16). The results showed that H. contortus infection increased (P < 0.05) the free AA contents in jejunum and ileum digesta. The concentrations of blood threonine, phenylalanine and tyrosine were lower (P < 0.05) in the infected group as compared to the control group. In the jejunum and ileum epithelium, H. contortus infection significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated the expression of AA transporter b0,+AT/rBAT and B0AT1, but up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of transporter CAT2 and xCT. Furthermore, microbiota in both jejunum (Bifidobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae) and ileum (Acidaminococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae) were also altered at the family level by H. contortus infection. The commensal bacteria of jejunum showed a close correlation with amino acids, AA transporters, and amino acid metabolism, especially cystine. In conclusion, H. contortus infection affected the intestinal AA contents and the expression of intestinal AA transporters, suggesting altered AA metabolism and absorption, which were accompanied by changes in the relative abundances of gut bacteria that mediate amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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32
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Kozono T, Jogano C, Okumura W, Sato H, Matsui H, Takagi T, Okumura N, Takao T, Tonozuka T, Nishikawa A. Cleavage of the Jaw1 C-terminal region enhances its augmentative effect on the Ca2+ release via IP3 receptors. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:287037. [PMID: 36789796 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaw1 (also known as IRAG2), a tail-anchored protein with 39 carboxyl (C)-terminal amino acids, is oriented to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and outer nuclear membrane. We previously reported that Jaw1, as a member of the KASH protein family, plays a role in maintaining nuclear shape via its C-terminal region. Furthermore, we recently reported that Jaw1 functions as an augmentative effector of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum by interacting with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). Intriguingly, the C-terminal region is partially cleaved, meaning that Jaw1 exists in the cell in at least two forms - uncleaved and cleaved. However, the mechanism of the cleavage event and its physiological significance remain to be determined. In this study, we demonstrate that the C-terminal region of Jaw1 is cleaved after its insertion by the signal peptidase complex (SPC). Particularly, our results indicate that the SPC with the catalytic subunit SEC11A, but not SEC11C, specifically cleaves Jaw1. Furthermore, using a mutant with a defect in the cleavage event, we demonstrate that the cleavage event enhances the augmentative effect of Jaw1 on the Ca2+ release ability of IP3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kozono
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Chifuyu Jogano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Wataru Okumura
- Department of Food and Energy Systems Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsui
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Takagi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Department of Food and Energy Systems Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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33
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Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA. Updates on immune mechanisms in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:301-309. [PMID: 36184313 PMCID: PMC9905222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease has fascinated and frustrated specialists in allergy/immunology, pulmonology, and otorhinolaryngology for decades. It generally develops in previously healthy young adults and is unremitting and challenging to treat. The classical triad of asthma, nasal polyposis, and pathognomonic respiratory reactions to aspirin and other cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors is accompanied by high levels of mast cell activation, cysteinyl leukotriene production, platelet activation, and severe type 2 respiratory inflammation. The "unbraking" of mast cell activation and further cysteinyl leukotriene generation induced by cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition reflect an idiosyncratic dependency on cyclooxygenase-1-derived products, likely prostaglandin E2, to maintain a tenuous homeostasis. Although cysteinyl leukotrienes are clear disease effectors, little else was known about their cellular sources and targets, and the contributions from other mediators and type 2 respiratory inflammation effector cells to disease pathophysiology were unknown until recently. The applications of targeted biological therapies, single-cell genomics, and transgenic animal approaches have substantially advanced our understanding of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease pathogenesis and treatment and have also revealed disease heterogeneity. This review covers novel insights into the immunopathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease from each of these lines of research, including the roles of lipid mediators, effector cell populations, and inflammatory cytokines, discusses unanswered questions regarding cause and pathogenesis, and considers potential future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Laidlaw
- Department of Medicine, the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Boston, Mass.
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Department of Medicine, the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Boston, Mass
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34
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McDaniel MM, Lara HI, von Moltke J. Initiation of type 2 immunity at barrier surfaces. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:86-97. [PMID: 36642383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although seemingly unrelated, parasitic worms, venoms, and allergens all induce a type 2 immune response. The effector functions and clinical features of type 2 immunity are well-defined, but fundamental questions about the initiation of type 2 immunity remain unresolved. How are these enormously diverse type 2 stimuli first detected? How are type 2 helper T cells primed and regulated? And how do mechanisms of type 2 initiation vary across tissues? Here, we review the common themes governing type 2 immune sensing and explore aspects of T cell priming and effector reactivation that make type 2 helper T cells a unique T helper lineage. Throughout the review, we emphasize the importance of non-hematopoietic cells and highlight how the unique anatomy and physiology of each barrier tissue shape mechanisms of type 2 immune initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M McDaniel
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA.
| | - Heber I Lara
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
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35
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Kotas ME, O'Leary CE, Locksley RM. Tuft Cells: Context- and Tissue-Specific Programming for a Conserved Cell Lineage. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:311-335. [PMID: 36351364 PMCID: PMC10443898 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells are found in tissues with distinct stem cell compartments, tissue architecture, and luminal exposures but converge on a shared transcriptional program, including expression of taste transduction signaling pathways. Here, we summarize seminal and recent findings on tuft cells, focusing on major categories of function-instigation of type 2 cytokine responses, orchestration of antimicrobial responses, and emerging roles in tissue repair-and describe tuft cell-derived molecules used to affect these functional programs. We review what is known about the development of tuft cells from epithelial progenitors under homeostatic conditions and during disease. Finally, we discuss evidence that immature, or nascent, tuft cells with potential for diverse functions are driven toward dominant effector programs by tissue- or perturbation-specific contextual cues, which may result in heterogeneous mature tuft cell phenotypes both within and between tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya E Kotas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Claire E O'Leary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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36
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Du Y, Gao H, He C, Xin S, Wang B, Zhang S, Gong F, Yu X, Pan L, Sun F, Wang W, Xu J. An update on the biological characteristics and functions of tuft cells in the gut. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1102978. [PMID: 36704202 PMCID: PMC9872863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a powerful digestive system and one of the most sophisticated immunological organs. Evidence shows that tuft cells (TCs), a kind of epithelial cell with distinct morphological characteristics, play a significant role in various physiological processes. TCs can be broadly categorized into different subtypes depending on different molecular criteria. In this review, we discuss its biological properties and role in maintaining homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. We also emphasize its relevance to the immune system and highlight its powerful influence on intestinal diseases, including inflammations and tumors. In addition, we provide fresh insights into future clinical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies related to TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Undergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengrong Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luming Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanglin Sun
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingdong Xu,
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37
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Li L, Ma M, Duan T, Sui X. The critical roles and therapeutic implications of tuft cells in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1047188. [PMID: 36569325 PMCID: PMC9780677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1047188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory epithelial cells with microvilli at the top, which are found in hollow organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and lungs. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed the chemotactic abilities and immune function of the tuft cells, and numerous efforts have been devoted to uncovering the role of tuft cells in tumors. Notably, accumulating evidence has shown that the specific genes (POU2F3, DCLK1) expressed in tuft cells are involved in vital processes related with carcinogenesis and cancer development. However, the interaction between the tuft cells and cancer remains to be further elucidated. Here, based on an introduction of biological functions and specific markers of the tuft cells, we have summarized the functional roles and potential therapeutic implications of tuft cells in cancers, including pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and liver cancer, which is in the hope of inspiring the future research in validating tuft cells as novel strategies for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ting Duan, ; Xinbing Sui,
| | - Xinbing Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ting Duan, ; Xinbing Sui,
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38
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Varela F, Symowski C, Pollock J, Wirtz S, Voehringer D. IL-4/IL-13-producing ILC2s are required for timely control of intestinal helminth infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1925-1933. [PMID: 36116042 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) serves as a model for human hookworm infection affecting about 600 million people world-wide. Expulsion of Nb from the intestine requires IL-13-mediated mucus secretion from goblet cells and activation of smooth muscles cells. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a major cellular source of IL-13 but it remains unclear whether IL-13 secretion from ILC2s is required for Nb expulsion. Here, we compared the immune response to Nb infection in mixed bone marrow chimeras with wild-type or IL-4/IL-13-deficient ILC2s. ILC2-derived IL-4/IL-13 was required for recruitment of eosinophils to the lung but had no influence of systemic eosinophil levels. In the small intestine, goblet cell hyperplasia and tuft cell accumulation was largely dependent on IL-4/IL-13 secretion from ILC2s. This further translated to higher eggs counts and impaired worm expulsion in mice with IL-4/IL-13-deficient ILC2s. Overall, we demonstrate that ILC2s constitute a non-redundant source of IL-4/IL-13 required for protective immunity against primary Nb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Varela
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Cornelia Symowski
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Jonathan Pollock
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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39
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Huang H, Fang Y, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Biermann J, Melms JC, Danielsson JA, Yang Y, Qiang L, Liu J, Zhou Y, Wang M, Hu Z, Wang TC, Saqi A, Sun J, Matsumoto I, Cardoso WV, Emala CW, Zhu J, Izar B, Mou H, Que J. Contribution of Trp63CreERT2-labeled cells to alveolar regeneration is independent of tuft cells. eLife 2022; 11:e78217. [PMID: 36129169 PMCID: PMC9553211 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection often causes severe damage to the lungs, leading to the appearance of ectopic basal cells (EBCs) and tuft cells in the lung parenchyma. Thus far, the roles of these ectopic epithelial cells in alveolar regeneration remain controversial. Here, we confirm that the ectopic tuft cells are originated from EBCs in mouse models and COVID-19 lungs. The differentiation of tuft cells from EBCs is promoted by Wnt inhibition while suppressed by Notch inhibition. Although progenitor functions have been suggested in other organs, pulmonary tuft cells don't proliferate or give rise to other cell lineages. Consistent with previous reports, Trp63CreERT2 and KRT5-CreERT2-labeled ectopic EBCs do not exhibit alveolar regeneration potential. Intriguingly, when tamoxifen was administrated post-viral infection, Trp63CreERT2 but not KRT5-CreERT2 labels islands of alveolar epithelial cells that are negative for EBC biomarkers. Furthermore, germline deletion of Trpm5 significantly increases the contribution of Trp63CreERT2-labeled cells to the alveolar epithelium. Although Trpm5 is known to regulate tuft cell development, complete ablation of tuft cell production fails to improve alveolar regeneration in Pou2f3-/- mice, implying that Trpm5 promotes alveolar epithelial regeneration through a mechanism independent of tuft cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachao Huang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yinshan Fang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ming Jiang
- Institute of Genetics, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jana Biermann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jennifer A Danielsson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ying Yang
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, the University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | | | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusUnited States
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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40
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Ghilas S, O’Keefe R, Mielke LA, Raghu D, Buchert M, Ernst M. Crosstalk between epithelium, myeloid and innate lymphoid cells during gut homeostasis and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944982. [PMID: 36189323 PMCID: PMC9524271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium not only provides a physical barrier to separate a noxious outside from a sterile inside but also allows for highly regulated interactions between bacteria and their products, and components of the immune system. Homeostatic maintenance of an intact epithelial barrier is paramount to health, requiring an intricately regulated and highly adaptive response of various cells of the immune system. Prolonged homeostatic imbalance can result in chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis and inefficient antitumor immune control. Here we provide an update on the role of innate lymphoid cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which collectively play a critical role in epithelial barrier maintenance and provide an important linkage between the classical innate and adaptive arm of the immune system. These interactions modify the capacity of the gut epithelium to undergo continuous renewal, safeguard against tumor formation and provide feedback to the gut microbiome, which acts as a seminal contributor to cellular homeostasis of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ghilas
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan O’Keefe
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Anna Mielke
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michael Buchert, ; Matthias Ernst,
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michael Buchert, ; Matthias Ernst,
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41
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Karo-Atar D, Ouladan S, Javkar T, Joumier L, Matheson MK, Merritt S, Westfall S, Rochette A, Gentile ME, Fontes G, Fonseca GJ, Parisien M, Diatchenko L, von Moltke J, Malleshaiah M, Gregorieff A, King IL. Helminth-induced reprogramming of the stem cell compartment inhibits type 2 immunity. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20212311. [PMID: 35938990 PMCID: PMC9365672 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric helminths form intimate physical connections with the intestinal epithelium, yet their ability to directly alter epithelial stem cell fate has not been resolved. Here we demonstrate that infection of mice with the parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) reprograms the intestinal epithelium into a fetal-like state marked by the emergence of Clusterin-expressing revival stem cells (revSCs). Organoid-based studies using parasite-derived excretory-secretory products reveal that Hpb-mediated revSC generation occurs independently of host-derived immune signals and inhibits type 2 cytokine-driven differentiation of secretory epithelial lineages that promote their expulsion. Reciprocally, type 2 cytokine signals limit revSC differentiation and, consequently, Hpb fitness, indicating that helminths compete with their host for control of the intestinal stem cell compartment to promote continuation of their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shaida Ouladan
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tanvi Javkar
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Loick Joumier
- Division of Systems Biology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sydney Merritt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan Westfall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Rochette
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria E. Gentile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ghislaine Fontes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregory J. Fonseca
- McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Division of Quantitative Life Sciences, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Parisien
- Department of Human Genetics, Allen Edwards Centre for Pain Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Department of Human Genetics, Allen Edwards Centre for Pain Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mohan Malleshaiah
- Division of Systems Biology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irah L. King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Sirtuin 6 maintains epithelial STAT6 activity to support intestinal tuft cell development and type 2 immunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5192. [PMID: 36057627 PMCID: PMC9440928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation is crucial for both homeostasis and the response to helminth infection. SIRT6 belongs to the NAD+-dependent deacetylases and has established diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease. Here, we report that IEC Sirt6 deletion leads to impaired tuft cell development and type 2 immunity in response to helminth infection, thereby resulting in compromised worm expulsion. Conversely, after helminth infection, IEC SIRT6 transgenic mice exhibit enhanced epithelial remodeling process and more efficient worm clearance. Mechanistically, Sirt6 ablation causes elevated Socs3 expression, and subsequently attenuated tyrosine 641 phosphorylation of STAT6 in IECs. Notably, intestinal epithelial overexpression of constitutively activated STAT6 (STAT6vt) in mice is sufficient to induce the expansion of tuft and goblet cell linage. Furthermore, epithelial STAT6vt overexpression remarkedly reverses the defects in intestinal epithelial remodeling caused by Sirt6 ablation. Our results reveal a novel function of SIRT6 in regulating intestinal epithelial remodeling and mucosal type 2 immunity in response to helminth infection. Host defense against helminth infection is mediated by mucosal type 2 immunity. Using gain- and loss-of-function mouse models, and mouse intestinal organoids, Xiong et al. show that SIRT6 modulates tuft and goblet cell expansion in intestinal epithelium by activating STAT6 to maintain type 2 mucosal immunity in response to helminth infection.
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Long T, Abbasi N, Hernandez JE, Li Y, Sayed IM, Ma S, Iemolo A, Yee BA, Yeo GW, Telese F, Ghosh P, Das S, Huang WJM. RNA binding protein DDX5 directs tuft cell specification and function to regulate microbial repertoire and disease susceptibility in the intestine. Gut 2022; 71:1790-1802. [PMID: 34853057 PMCID: PMC9156727 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuft cells residing in the intestinal epithelium have diverse functions. In the small intestine, they provide protection against inflammation, combat against helminth and protist infections, and serve as entry portals for enteroviruses. In the colon, they had been implicated in tumourigenesis. Commitment of intestinal progenitor cells to the tuft cell lineage requires Rho GTPase Cell Division Cycle 42 (CDC42), a Rho GTPase that acts downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor and wingless-related integration site signalling cascades, and the master transcription factor POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3). This study investigates how this pathway is regulated by the DEAD box containing RNA binding protein DDX5 in vivo. DESIGN We assessed the role of DDX5 in tuft cell specification and function in control and epithelial cell-specific Ddx5 knockout mice (DDX5ΔIEC) using transcriptomic approaches. RESULTS DDX5ΔIEC mice harboured a loss of intestinal tuft cell populations, modified microbial repertoire, and altered susceptibilities to ileal inflammation and colonic tumourigenesis. Mechanistically, DDX5 promotes CDC42 protein synthesis through a post-transcriptional mechanism to license tuft cell specification. Importantly, the DDX5-CDC42 axis is parallel but distinct from the known interleukin-13 circuit implicated in tuft cell hyperplasia, and both pathways augment Pou2f3 expression in secretory lineage progenitors. In mature tuft cells, DDX5 not only promotes integrin signalling and microbial responses, it also represses gene programmes involved in membrane transport and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION RNA binding protein DDX5 directs tuft cell specification and function to regulate microbial repertoire and disease susceptibility in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Long
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nazia Abbasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Juan E Hernandez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shengyun Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Attilio Iemolo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian A Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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The unique role of innate lymphoid cells in cancer and the hepatic microenvironment. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1012-1029. [PMID: 35962192 PMCID: PMC9424527 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, and despite incredible progress over the last decade, it remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver metastases are distinct from other cancers in that they typically emerge as a consequence of long-term low-grade inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin inflammation-driven tissue remodeling of the hepatic immune environment is likely to provide new insights into much needed treatments for this devastating disease. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which include natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s, are particularly enriched in the liver and thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of liver diseases, including cancer. NK cells are an attractive, but underexplored, therapeutic target in hepatic disease due to their role in immunosurveillance and their ability to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. ILC1s are closely related to and share many phenotypic features with NK cells but are less well studied. Thus, their utility in immunotherapeutic approaches is not yet well understood. Here, we review our current understanding of ILCs in cancer with a particular focus on liver and liver-related diseases.
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45
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El-Naccache DW, Chen F, Palma MJ, Lemenze A, Fischer MA, Wu W, Mishra PK, Eltzschig HK, Robson SC, Di Virgilio F, Yap GS, Edelblum KL, Haskó G, Gause WC. Adenosine metabolized from extracellular ATP promotes type 2 immunity through triggering A 2BAR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111150. [PMID: 35926464 PMCID: PMC9402265 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal nematode parasites can cross the epithelial barrier, causing tissue damage and release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that may promote host protective type 2 immunity. We investigate whether adenosine binding to the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) plays an important role. Specific blockade of IEC A2BAR inhibits the host protective memory response to the enteric helminth, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb), including disruption of granuloma development at the host-parasite interface. Memory T cell development is blocked during the primary response, and transcriptional analyses reveal profound impairment of IEC activation. Extracellular ATP is visualized 24 h after inoculation and is shown in CD39-deficient mice to be critical for the adenosine production mediating the initiation of type 2 immunity. Our studies indicate a potent adenosine-mediated IEC pathway that, along with the tuft cell circuit, is critical for the activation of type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darine W El-Naccache
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Mark J Palma
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Matthew A Fischer
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Pankaj K Mishra
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - George S Yap
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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46
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Wu XS, He XY, Ipsaro JJ, Huang YH, Preall JB, Ng D, Shue YT, Sage J, Egeblad M, Joshua-Tor L, Vakoc CR. OCA-T1 and OCA-T2 are coactivators of POU2F3 in the tuft cell lineage. Nature 2022; 607:169-175. [PMID: 35576971 PMCID: PMC9419707 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells are a rare chemosensory lineage that coordinates immune and neural responses to foreign pathogens in mucosal tissues1. Recent studies have also revealed tuft-cell-like human tumours2,3, particularly as a variant of small-cell lung cancer. Both normal and neoplastic tuft cells share a genetic requirement for the transcription factor POU2F3 (refs. 2,4), although the transcriptional mechanisms that generate this cell type are poorly understood. Here we show that binding of POU2F3 to the uncharacterized proteins C11orf53 and COLCA2 (renamed here OCA-T1/POU2AF2 and OCA-T2/POU2AF3, respectively) is critical in the tuft cell lineage. OCA-T1 and OCA-T2 are paralogues of the B-cell-specific coactivator OCA-B; all three proteins are encoded in a gene cluster and contain a conserved peptide that binds to class II POU transcription factors and a DNA octamer motif in a bivalent manner. We demonstrate that binding between POU2F3 and OCA-T1 or OCA-T2 is essential in tuft-cell-like small-cell lung cancer. Moreover, we generated OCA-T1-deficient mice, which are viable but lack tuft cells in several mucosal tissues. These findings reveal that the POU2F3-OCA-T complex is the master regulator of tuft cell identity and a molecular vulnerability of tuft-cell-like small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli S Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Genetics Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xue-Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan J Ipsaro
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | - David Ng
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Yan Ting Shue
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Leemor Joshua-Tor
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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Ye Q, Bankova LG. Brush cells fine-tune neurogenic inflammation in the airways. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:161439. [PMID: 35775485 PMCID: PMC9246375 DOI: 10.1172/jci161439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells, once considered a simple barrier layer, are now recognized as providing an active site for antigen sensing and immune response initiation. Most mucosal sites contain chemosensory epithelial cells, rare and specialized cells gaining recognition for their unique functions in sensing and directing the immune response symphony. In this issue of the JCI, Hollenhorst, Nandigama, et al. demonstrated that tracheal chemosensory brush cells detected bitter-tasting substances, including quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) generated by pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The authors used various techniques, including genetic deletion of brush cells, genetic manipulation of brush cell signaling, deletion of sensory neurons, in vivo imaging, and infection models with P. aeruginosa, to show that QSMs increased vascular permeability and innate immune cell influx into the trachea. These findings link the recognition of bacterial QSMs to the innate immune response in the airways, with translational implications for airway inflammation and infectious pathology.
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48
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Taketomi Y, Murakami M. Regulatory Roles of Phospholipase A2 Enzymes and Bioactive Lipids in Mast Cell Biology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923265. [PMID: 35833146 PMCID: PMC9271868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play fundamental roles in life as an essential component of cell membranes, as a major source of energy, as a body surface barrier, and as signaling molecules that transmit intracellular and intercellular signals. Lipid mediators, a group of bioactive lipids that mediates intercellular signals, are produced via specific biosynthetic enzymes and transmit signals via specific receptors. Mast cells, a tissue-resident immune cell population, produce several lipid mediators that contribute to exacerbation or amelioration of allergic responses and also non-allergic inflammation, host defense, cancer and fibrosis by controlling the functions of microenvironmental cells as well as mast cell themselves in paracrine and autocrine fashions. Additionally, several bioactive lipids produced by stromal cells regulate the differentiation, maturation and activation of neighboring mast cells. Many of the bioactive lipids are stored in membrane phospholipids as precursor forms and released spatiotemporally by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes. Through a series of studies employing gene targeting and lipidomics, several enzymes belonging to the PLA2 superfamily have been demonstrated to participate in mast cell-related diseases by mobilizing unique bioactive lipids in multiple ways. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the regulatory roles of several PLA2-driven lipid pathways in mast cell biology.
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49
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Gubbala VB, Jytosana N, Trinh VQ, Maurer HC, Naeem RF, Lytle NK, Ma Z, Zhao S, Lin W, Han H, Shi Y, Hunter T, Singh PK, Olive KP, Tan MC, Kaech SM, Wahl GM, DelGiorno KE. Eicosanoids in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment - a multicellular, multifaceted progression. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:682-697. [PMID: 36277993 PMCID: PMC9583893 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Eicosanoids, oxidized fatty acids that serve as cell-signaling molecules, have been broadly implicated in tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to identify eicosanoids associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis and the cell types responsible for their synthesis. METHODS We profiled normal pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mouse models and patient samples using mass spectrometry. We interrogated RNA sequencing datasets for eicosanoid synthase or receptor expression. Findings were confirmed by immunostaining. RESULTS In murine models, we identified elevated levels of PGD2, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes in neoplasia while PGE2, 12-HHTre, HETEs, and HDoHEs are elevated specifically in tumors. Analysis of scRNA-seq datasets suggests that PGE2 and prostacyclins are derived from fibroblasts, PGD2 and thromboxanes from myeloid cells, and PGD2 and 5-HETE from tuft cells. In patient samples, we identified a transition from PGD2 to PGE2-producing enzymes in the epithelium during the transition to PDAC, fibroblast/tumor expression of PTGIS, and myeloid/tumor cell expression of TBXAS1. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses identify key changes in eicosanoid species during pancreatic tumorigenesis and the cell types that contribute to their synthesis. Thromboxane and prostacyclin expression is conserved between animal models and human disease and may represent new druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas B. Gubbala
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Nidhi Jytosana
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Vincent Q. Trinh
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - H. Carlo Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische
Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Razia F. Naeem
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Nikki K. Lytle
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Steven Zhao
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Wei Lin
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics
Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004
| | - Haiyong Han
- Molecular Medicine Division, Translational Genomics
Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004
| | - Yu Shi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for
Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
| | - Kenneth P. Olive
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Marcus C.B. Tan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN,
37232
| | - Susan M. Kaech
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Salk
Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Geoffrey M. Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN,
37232
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50
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Inclan-Rico JM, Rossi HL, Herbert DR. "Every cell is an immune cell; contributions of non-hematopoietic cells to anti-helminth immunity". Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1199-1211. [PMID: 35538230 PMCID: PMC9646929 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are remarkably successful parasites that can invade various mammalian hosts and establish chronic infections that can go unnoticed for years despite causing severe tissue damage. To complete their life cycles, helminths migrate through multiple barrier sites that are densely populated by a complex array of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. While it is clear that type 2 cytokine responses elicited by immune cells promote worm clearance and tissue healing, the actions of non-hematopoietic cells are increasingly recognized as initiators, effectors and regulators of anti-helminth immunity. This review will highlight the collective actions of specialized epithelial cells, stromal niches, stem, muscle and neuroendocrine cells as well as peripheral neurons in the detection and elimination of helminths at mucosal sites. Studies dissecting the interactions between immune and non-hematopoietic cells will truly provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that ensure homeostasis in the context of helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Inclan-Rico
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather L Rossi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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