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Ekweogu CN, Akubugwo EI, Emmanuel O, Nosiri CI, Uche ME, Adurosakin OE, Ijioma SN, Ugbogu EA. Phytochemical profiling, toxicity studies, wound healing, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Musa paradisiaca L. Musaceae (Plantain) stem extract in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117639. [PMID: 38135229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem of Musa paradisiaca (plantain) has found application in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, inflammation, ulcers and wound injuries. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the phytochemical composition, toxicity profile, wound healing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of aqueous Musa paradisiaca stem extract (AMPSE) in rats. METHODS Phytochemical analysis of methanol-MPSE was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Acute toxicity testing was carried out through oral administration of a single dose of AMPSE up to 5 g/kg. Four separate groups of rats were used for the subacute toxicity testing (n = 6). Group 1 served as a normal control and did not receive AMPSE, groups 2-4 received AMPSE daily by gavage for 28 days. In the experiments with excision and incision wounds, the rats were treated with 10 w/w AMPS extract. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of AMPSE were assessed using egg albumin-induced paw oedema and acetic acid-induced writhing methods, respectively. For the subacute, anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies, AMPSE was administered to the experimental rats at doses of 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg body weight. RESULTS Bioactive compounds identified include β-sitisterol, n-hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, diethyl sulfate, p-hydroxynorephedrine, phenylephrine, nor-pseudoephedrine, metaraminol, pseudoephedrine and vanillic acid. No signs of toxicity and no deaths were observed in all the groups. For the groups treated with AMPSE for 28 days, a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, sodium, chloride, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed while high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione and superoxide dismutase increased compared to control (p < 0.05). In wound healing experiments, AMPSE showed greater percent wound contraction and wound resistance fracture compared to the povidone-iodine (PI) treated and control groups. Treatment with 900 mg/kg AMPSE resulted in significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects compared to the control. CONCLUSION This study shows that AMPSE is not toxic but contains biologically active compounds with hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and wound-healing effects. Treatment of rats with AMPSE has shown that AMPSE has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, lipid-lowering and wound-healing effects, supporting its therapeutic use in ethnomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Okezie Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Chidi Ijeoma Nosiri
- Department of Biochemistry Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Mercylyn Ezinne Uche
- Department of Biochemistry Abia State University, PMB 2000, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria
| | | | - Solomon Nnah Ijioma
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
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Fulgheri F, Manca ML, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Manconi M. Analysis of complementarities between nanomedicine and phytodrugs for the treatment of malarial infection. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1681-1696. [PMID: 37955573 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers in medicine, so-called nanomedicine, is one of the most innovative strategies for targeting drugs at the action site and increasing their activity index and effectiveness. Phytomedicine is the oldest traditional method used to treat human diseases and solve health problems. The recent literature on the treatment of malaria infections using nanodelivery systems and phytodrugs or supplements has been analyzed. For the first time, in the present review, a careful look at the considerable potential of nanomedicine in promoting phytotherapeutic efficacy was done, and its key role in addressing a translation through a significant reduction of the current burden of malaria in many parts of the world has been underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fulgheri
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042 CA, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042 CA, Italy
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 1 49-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, Monserrato, 09042 CA, Italy
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Brotons-Canto A, Urueña CP, Imbuluzqueta I, Luque-Michel E, Martinez-López AL, Ballesteros-Ramírez R, Rojas L, Fiorentino S. Encapsulated Phytomedicines against Cancer: Overcoming the "Valley of Death". Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041038. [PMID: 37111524 PMCID: PMC10146340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
P2Et is the standardized extract of Caesalpinia spinosa (C. spinosa), which has shown the ability to reduce primary tumors and metastasis in animal models of cancer, by mechanisms involving the increase in intracellular Ca++, reticulum stress, induction of autophagy, and subsequent activation of the immune system. Although P2Et has been shown to be safe in healthy individuals, the biological activity and bioavailability can be increased by improving the dosage form. This study investigates the potential of a casein nanoparticle for oral administration of P2Et and its impact on treatment efficacy in a mouse model of breast cancer with orthotopically transplanted 4T1 cells. Animals were treated with either free or encapsulated oral P2Et orally or i.p. Tumor growth and macrometastases were evaluated. All P2Et treatments significantly delayed tumor growth. The frequency of macrometastasis was reduced by 1.1 times with P2Et i.p., while oral P2Et reduced it by 3.2 times and nanoencapsulation reduced it by 3.57 times. This suggests that nanoencapsulation led to higher doses of effective P2Et being delivered, slightly improving bioavailability and biological activity. Therefore, the results of this study provide evidence to consider P2Et as a potential adjuvant in the treatment of cancer, while the nanoencapsulation of P2Et provides a novel perspective on the delivery of these functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia P Urueña
- Grupo de Inmunobiologiay Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- DreemBio S.A.S., Bogotá 111015, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Ballesteros-Ramírez
- Grupo de Inmunobiologiay Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- DreemBio S.A.S., Bogotá 111015, Colombia
| | - Laura Rojas
- Grupo de Inmunobiologiay Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiologiay Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
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Yazdanshenas H, Tafrihi M. The biological and therapeutic potentials of Cyclotrichium genus: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2589-2599. [PMID: 34528839 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1977784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cyclotrichium includes nine species that are mainly distributed in Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq, and Iran, and are used in the kitchen, and also in complementary medicine to treat various diseases. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in analyzing their phytochemical composition in parallel with their antimicrobial properties and their therapeutic potentials. This study reviews the present knowledge about investigations on antimicrobial, insecticidal, and anticancer properties of the essential oils and any other purified chemical compounds of the Cyclotrichium species. Various phytochemicals have been isolated from the extracts of the plants of this genus having significant biological and therapeutic potentials. In conclusion, these gathered data strongly support the viewpoint that the species belonging to the genus Cyclotrichium have various biological and pharmaceutical activities to treat various diseases including cancer in addition to the remarkable antimicrobial and insecticidal potential with no or minimal health and environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoon Yazdanshenas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Majid Tafrihi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
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Baraya YS, Wee CL, Mustapha Z, Wong KK, Yaacob NS. Strobilanthes crispus elicits anti-tumor immunogenicity in in vitro and in vivo metastatic breast carcinoma. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271203. [PMID: 35972917 PMCID: PMC9380931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based anticancer agents have the potential to stimulate the immune system to act against cancer cells. A standardized bioactive subfraction of the Malaysian herb, Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Blume (S. crispus) termed F3, demonstrates strong anticancer effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. The anticancer effects might be attributable to its immunomodulatory properties as S. crispus has been traditionally used to enhance the immune system. The current study examined whether F3 could stimulate anti-tumorigenic immunogenicity against 4T1 cells in vitro and in 4T1 cell-induced mammary carcinoma mouse model. We observed that F3 induced significant increase in MHC class I and class II molecules. CD4+, CD8+ and IL-2+ (p<0.05 for all) cells infiltration was also significantly increased in the breast tumor microenvironment of F3-treated mice compared with the tumors of untreated mice. The number of CD68+ macrophages was significantly lower in F3-treated mice. We conclude that the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of S. crispus involve strong infiltration of T cells in breast cancer potentially through increased tumor antigen presentation via MHC proteins, as well as reduction of infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha’u Shu’aibu Baraya
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Chee Lee Wee
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zulkarnain Mustapha
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Soriani Yaacob
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail: ,
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Farhan Rasheed HM, Jabeen Q. Pharmacological Role of Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew in Preventing Cyclophosphamide-induced Myelosuppression and Modulating Innate and Adaptive Immune Response. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221123672. [PMID: 36081616 PMCID: PMC9445482 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221123672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew is reported to be practiced in the traditional system of medicine for the management of various immunological pathologies. Purpose The current study was designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of C decidua on different immune responses. Research Design C decidua was extracted in 70% methanol and the crude extract (Cd.Cr) was analyzed by FTIR and GCMS. In vivo models were employed to assess the actions of Cd.Cr on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression, innate and adaptive immune responses. Results GCMS and FTIR analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and lipids. Cd.Cr evoked a significant and dose-dependent increase in percent neutrophil adhesion (15.97 ± .81, 27.47 ± .79 and 38.35 ± 1.08) and the phagocytic index (3.1 ± .04, 3.96 ± .06 and 5.28 ± .13) at the doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg. Cd.Cr also potentiated haemagglutinating antibody titre, immunoglobulins and cytokines (interferon-γ and interleukin-2) production for 4 weeks, after exposure to sheep erythrocytes, and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction significantly (P < .05). The restoration of hematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activities, by Cd.Cr, indicated the prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression and oxidative stress. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that C decidua holds immunomodulatory activity by thus possesses therapeutic potential for the management of immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Farhan Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of Punjab, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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An updated review on the antimicrobial and pharmacological properties of the genus Uncaria (Rubiaceae). J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xu L, Yi SC, Li JY, Tong Y, Xie C, Zeng DQ, Tang WW. Itol A May Affect the Growth and Development of Spodoptera frugiperda through Hijacking JHBP and Impeding JH Transport. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3151-3161. [PMID: 35239350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Isoryanodane and ryanodane diterpenes have a carbon skeleton correlation in structures, and their natural product-oxidized diterpenes show antifeedant and insecticidal activities against Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. While ryanodine mainly acts on the ryanodine receptor (RyR), isoryanodane does not. In this study, we demonstrated that itol A, an isoryanodane diterpenoid, could significantly downregulate the expression level of juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP), which plays a vital role in JH transport. RNAi bioassay indicated that silencing the Spodoptera frugipreda JHBP (SfJHBP) gene decreased itol A activity, which confirmed the developmental phenotypic observation. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) further confirmed that itol A affected JHBP's expression abundance. Although JHBP is not proven as the direct or only target of itol A, we confirmed that itol A's action effect depends largely on JHBP and that JHBP is a potential target of itol A. We present foundational evidence that itol A inhibits the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda mainly through hijacking JHBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Chi Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Ying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qiang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
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Ren Z, Zhang H, Wang Z, Chen X, Yang L, Jiang H. Progress in Immunoassays of Toxic Alkaloids in Plant-Derived Medicines: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030165. [PMID: 35324662 PMCID: PMC8948709 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are the cradle of the traditional medicine system, assuaging human or animal diseases, and promoting health for thousands of years. However, many plant-derived medicines contain toxic alkaloids of varying degrees of toxicity that pose a direct or indirect threat to human and animal health through accidental ingestion, misuse of plant materials, or through the food chain. Thus, rapid, easy, and sensitive methods are needed to effectively screen these toxic alkaloids to guarantee the safety of plant-derived medicines. Antibodies, due to their inherent specificity and high affinity, have been used as a variety of analytical tools and techniques. This review describes the antigen synthesis and antibody preparation of the common toxic alkaloids in plant-derived medicines and discusses the advances of antibody-based immunoassays in the screening and detection of toxic alkaloids in plants or other related matrices. Finally, the limitations and prospects of immunoassays for toxic alkaloids are discussed.
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Padiyappa SD, Avalappa H, Somegowda M, Sridhara S, Venkatesh YP, Prabhakar BT, Pramod SN, Almujaydil MS, Shokralla S, Abdelbacki AMM, Elansary HO, El-Sabrout AM, Mahmoud EA. Immunoadjuvant and Humoral Immune Responses of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Lectins upon Systemic and Mucosal Administration in BALB/c Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041375. [PMID: 35209158 PMCID: PMC8880535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary food components have the ability to affect immune function; following absorption, specifically orally ingested dietary food containing lectins can systemically modulate the immune cells and affect the response to self- and co-administered food antigens. The mannose-binding lectins from garlic (Allium sativum agglutinins; ASAs) were identified as immunodulatory proteins in vitro. The objective of the present study was to assess the immunogenicity and adjuvanticity of garlic agglutinins and to evaluate whether they have adjuvant properties in vivo for a weak antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Garlic lectins (ASA I and ASA II) were administered by intranasal (50 days duration) and intradermal (14 days duration) routes, and the anti-lectin and anti-OVA immune (IgG) responses in the control and test groups of the BALB/c mice were assessed for humoral immunogenicity. Lectins, co-administered with OVA, were examined for lectin-induced anti-OVA IgG response to assess their adjuvant properties. The splenic and thymic indices were evaluated as a measure of immunomodulatory functions. Intradermal administration of ASA I and ASA II had showed a four-fold and two-fold increase in anti-lectin IgG response, respectively, vs. the control on day 14. In the intranasal route, the increases were 3-fold and 2.4-fold for ASA I and ASA II, respectively, on day 50. No decrease in the body weights of animals was noticed; the increases in the spleen and thymus weights, as well as their indices, were significant in the lectin groups. In the adjuvanticity study by intranasal administration, ASA I co-administered with ovalbumin (OVA) induced a remarkable increase in anti-OVA IgG response (~six-fold; p < 0.001) compared to the control, and ASA II induced a four-fold increase vs. the control on day 50. The results indicated that ASA was a potent immunogen which induced mucosal immunogenicity to the antigens that were administered intranasally in BALB/c mice. The observations made of the in vivo study indicate that ASA I has the potential use as an oral and mucosal adjuvant to deliver candidate weak antigens. Further clinical studies in humans are required to confirm its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthishree D. Padiyappa
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Hemavathi Avalappa
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Madhusudana Somegowda
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577 204, India;
| | - Shankarappa Sridhara
- Center for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agriculture and Horticulture Science, Shivamogga 577 204, India;
| | - Yeldur P. Venkatesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR–Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru 570 020, India;
| | - Bettadatunga T. Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga 577 203, India;
| | - Siddanakoppalu N. Pramod
- Food Allergy and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Food Technology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere 577 007, India; (S.D.P.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Mona S. Almujaydil
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shadi Shokralla
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki
- Applied Studies and Community Service College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.P.); (H.O.E.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
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Islam MT, Riaz TA, Ayatollahi SA, Sharifi-Rad J. Anxiolytic-like effect of Urena lobata (L.) in swiss albino mice. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7817066 DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are general and psychological problems that are also linked to symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects of Urena lobata L. (MEUL) methanolic extract in different behavioral paradigms in Swiss albino mice. For this, after an oral acute toxicity study, adult male mice were treated with MEUL (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), and subjected to a number of behavioral studies. In the open-field test, the number of square field cross, grooming, and rearing, was counted, while in the light/dark and swing test, the time spent in the dark portion and number of swings was calculated, respectively. Additionally, the phytochemical analysis was also done. Results reveal that the MEUL possesses alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenes (including triterpenes), gums, and reducing sugars. MEUL showed a significant (p < 0.05) anxiolytic-like effect in experimental animals, where it’s dose-dependently modulated the test parameters in an open-field test. The MEUL also increased the light residence time and the number of swings in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 500 mg/kg of MEUL caused the highest calming effect when combined with the experimental animals’ diazepam group. Taken together, findings expand an understanding of the impact of U. lobata on the central nervous system and show that this plant may be useful for the treatment of disorders associated with anxiety.
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Ghramh HA, Ibrahim EH, Ahmad Z. Antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and cytotoxic activities of green synthesized nanoparticles from Acacia honey and Calotropis procera. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3367-3373. [PMID: 34121874 PMCID: PMC8175998 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calotropis procera and Somra (Acacia) honey are used in traditional medicine. The benefits of mixing 20% Somra honey and C. procera leaf water extract (CPLWExt) were aimed to be studied. Honey/CPLWExt were utilized to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) separately. AgNPs were characterized via UV/Vis and electron microscope scanning. Bio-molecules in CPLWExt/honey were investigated utilizing FT-IR spectroscopy. Biological activities of CPLWExt and honey were tested. The outcomes showed that CPLWExt and honey have numerous functional groups and could produce AgNPs. CPLWExt, CPLWExt + AgNPs, honey and honey + AgNPs hindered the growth of rat splenocytes, while CPLWExt + honey invigorated it. Antimicrobial power was found in CPLWExt and honey, which increased in the presence of AgNPs. Honey/honey + AgNPs suppressed the proliferation of HeLa and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, honey/CPLWExt could produce AgNPs and showed immunomodulatory and antibacterial power. Somra honey/honey + AgNPs have anticancer power. Somra honey + CPLWExt reflected a good immunostimulatory powers that can be nominated as an immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A. Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam H. Ibrahim
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo 12611, Egypt
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Gierlikowska B, Stachura A, Gierlikowski W, Demkow U. Phagocytosis, Degranulation and Extracellular Traps Release by Neutrophils-The Current Knowledge, Pharmacological Modulation and Future Prospects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:666732. [PMID: 34017259 PMCID: PMC8129565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.666732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are crucial elements of innate immune system, which assure host defense via a range of effector functions, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and NET formation. The latest literature clearly indicates that modulation of effector functions of neutrophils may affect the treatment efficacy. Pharmacological modulation may affect molecular mechanisms activating or suppressing phagocytosis, degranulation or NET formation. In this review, we describe the role of neutrophils in physiology and in the course of bacterial and viral infections, illustrating the versatility and plasticity of those cells. This review also focus on the action of plant extracts, plant-derived compounds and synthetic drugs on effector functions of neutrophils. These recent advances in the knowledge can help to devise novel therapeutic approaches via pharmacological modulation of the described processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Albert Stachura
- Department of Methodology, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gierlikowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Wang D, Yang Y, Li J, Wang B, Zhang A. Enhancing immune responses to inactivated foot-and-mouth virus vaccine by a polysaccharide adjuvant of aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e30. [PMID: 33908204 PMCID: PMC8170215 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-generation adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines can improve the efficacy of existing vaccines. Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide possesses better promoting effects. OBJECTIVES In this study, the aqueous extract from Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR), an immunoregulatory crude polysaccharide, was utilized as the adjuvant of inactivated FMDV vaccine to explore their immune regulation roles. METHODS The mice in each group were subcutaneously injected with different vaccine formulations containing inactivated FMDV antigen adjuvanted with three doses (low, medium, and high) of AEAR or AEAR with ISA-206 adjuvant for 2 times respectively in 1 and 14 days. The variations of antibody level, lymphocyte count, and cytokine secretion in 14 to 42 days after first vaccination were monitored. Then cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and antibody duration were measured after the second vaccination. RESULTS AEAR significantly induced FMDV-specific antibody titers and lymphocyte activation. AEAR at a medium dose stimulated Th1/Th2-type response through interleukin-4 and interferon-γ secreted by CD4⁺ T cells. Effective T lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated by AEAR. Importantly, the efficient CTL response was remarkably provoked by AEAR. Furthermore, AEAR at a low dose and ISA-206 adjuvant also synergistically promoted immune responses more significantly in immunized mice than those injected with only ISA-206 adjuvant and the stable antibody duration without body weight loss was 6 months. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that AEAR had potential utility as a polysaccharide adjuvant for FMDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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15
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Ghosh R, Bryant DL, Farone AL. Panax quinquefolius (North American Ginseng) Polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: Current Research Status and Future Directions. Molecules 2020; 25:E5854. [PMID: 33322293 PMCID: PMC7763949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng, NAG) is a popular medicinal plant used widely in traditional medicine. NAG products are currently available in various forms such as roots, extracts, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, energy drinks, etc. NAG polysaccharides are recognized as one of the major bioactive ingredients. However, most NAG reviews are focused on ginsenosides with little information on polysaccharides. NAG polysaccharides have demonstrated a therapeutic activity in numerous studies, in which many of the bioactivities involve regulation of the immune response. The purpose of this review is to summarize the structural features and the immunomodulatory properties of crude, partially purified, and pure polysaccharides isolated from NAG. Receptors of the innate immune system that potentially bind to NAG polysaccharides and the respective signal transduction pathways initiated by these compounds are discussed. Major challenges, recent innovations, and future directions in NAG polysaccharide research are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Daniel L. Bryant
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
| | - Anthony L. Farone
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
- Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
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16
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Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug-Delivery Systems: From the Development to the Current Applications and Challenges in Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121194. [PMID: 33317067 PMCID: PMC7764143 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of newly discovered drug molecules show insufficient water solubility and therefore low oral bio-availability. Self-nano-emulsifying drug-delivery systems (SNEDDSs) are one of the emerging strategies developed to tackle the issues associated with their oral delivery. SNEDDSs are composed of an oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant or cosolvent. SNEDDSs characteristics, their ability to dissolve a drug, and in vivo considerations are determinant factors in the choice of SNEDDSs excipients. A SNEDDS formulation can be optimized through phase diagram approach or statistical design of experiments. The characterization of SNEDDSs includes multiple orthogonal methods required to fully control SNEDDS manufacture, stability, and biological fate. Encapsulating a drug in SNEDDSs can lead to increased solubilization, stability in the gastro-intestinal tract, and absorption, resulting in enhanced bio-availability. The transformation of liquid SNEDDSs into solid dosage forms has been shown to increase the stability and patient compliance. Supersaturated, mucus-permeating, and targeted SNEDDSs can be developed to increase efficacy and patient compliance. Self-emulsification approach has been successful in oral drug delivery. The present review gives an insight of SNEDDSs for the oral administration of both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds from the experimental bench to marketed products.
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Effects of a Combination of Elderberry and Reishi Extracts on the Duration and Severity of Respiratory Tract Infections in Elderly Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Elderly people are particularly vulnerable to respiratory tract infections, so natural strategies to ameliorate the duration and severity of these infections are of great interest in this population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the consumption of a combination of elderberry and reishi extracts on the incidence, severity, and duration of respiratory tract infections in a group of healthy elderly volunteers. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was performed during the winter season. A group of 60 nursing home residents ≥65 years of age was randomly assigned to receive a combination of 1.5 g of elderberry +0.5 g of reishi or a placebo daily for 14 weeks. Data about the health conditions of the volunteers were evaluated and recorded by a medical doctor every 2 weeks. The incidence of respiratory infections was similar in both groups. However, volunteers in the extract group presented a significantly lower duration of common cold events (2.5 vs. 4.8 days, p = 0.033).and a significantly lower probability of having a high severity influenza-like illness event (p = 0.039). Moreover, the incidence of sleep disturbances was significantly lower in the extract group (p = 0.049). Therefore, the administration of a combination of elderberry and reishi extracts to the elderly population during the winter season might be used as a natural strategy to reduce the duration and severity of respiratory tract infections.
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Chrzanowski G. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae-An Interesting Producer of Bioactive Plant Polyphenolic Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197343. [PMID: 33027901 PMCID: PMC7582661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary phenolic metabolites are defined as valuable natural products synthesized by different organisms that are not essential for growth and development. These compounds play an essential role in plant defense mechanisms and an important role in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food, and agricultural industries. Despite the vast chemical diversity of natural compounds, their content in plants is very low, and, as a consequence, this eliminates the possibility of the production of these interesting secondary metabolites from plants. Therefore, microorganisms are widely used as cell factories by industrial biotechnology, in the production of different non-native compounds. Among microorganisms commonly used in biotechnological applications, yeast are a prominent host for the diverse secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is often regarded as a better host organism for the heterologous production of phenolic compounds, particularly if the expression of different plant genes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Chrzanowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Sha Z, Shang H, Miao Y, Huang J, Niu X, Chen R, Peng D, Wei K, Zhu R. Polysaccharides from Pinus massoniana pollen improve intestinal mucosal immunity in chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 100:507-516. [PMID: 33518103 PMCID: PMC7858032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucosa is the largest immune organ in animals, and its immune function is directly related to the resistance against various diseases. Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharides (TPPPS) have been recognized as an effective vaccine adjuvant and potential immune enhancer against viral infections. However, little is known about their direct immune-enhancing activity on intestinal mucosa. In this study, we extracted the polysaccharides from Taishan masson pine pollen to investigate its promotive effect on intestinal mucosal immunity. A total of 120 1-day-old chickens were divided into 4 groups and inoculated with PBS or 3 different doses of TPPPS (10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, and 40 mg/mL), respectively. Feces, intestinal specimens, and serum samples were collected from the chickens at 7, 14, and 21 d after inoculation. The antibodies in serum, mucosal secretion of IgA, structure of intestinal villi, and expressions of cytokine genes and mucosal immune-related genes in the chickens were all significantly improved by TPPPS treatments. At 21 d after inoculation following the challenge of Newcastle disease virus, the chickens inoculated with 20 and 40 mg/mL TPPPS exhibited decreased weight loss and reduced intestinal pathologic damage and viral loads in the intestine. In summary, our results demonstrate that TPPPS can enhance mucosal immunity and promote intestinal villi development. This study has established the foundation for the development of novel immune-enhancing agent with immune-regulatory effects on intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sha
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongqi Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongqiang Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiangyun Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Ruichang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Duo Peng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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20
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Yu H, Chen B, Ren Q. Baicalin relieves hypoxia-aroused H9c2 cell apoptosis by activating Nrf2/HO-1-mediated HIF1α/BNIP3 pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3657-3663. [PMID: 31478766 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1657879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: Myocardial ischemia is the main reason for ischemic heart disease. Baicalin is a plant-derived flavonoid with cardio-protective activity. Herein, we tested the influences of baicalin on cardiomyocytes H9c2 apoptosis aroused by hypoxia stimulation. Methods: Firstly, H9c2 cells were subjected to hypoxia and/or baicalin exposure. Cell viability and apoptosis, along with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-KDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) expressions were tested respectively. Then, si-HIF1α was transfected into H9c2 cells to probe whether up-regulation of HIF1α attended to the influences of baicalin on hypoxia-stimulated H9c2 cells. Finally, the regulatory effect of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway on HIF1α expression was analyzed. Results: Hypoxia exposure aroused H9c2 cell viability reduction and apoptosis. Baicalin mitigated H9c2 cell viability reduction and apoptosis aroused by hypoxia. Moreover, HIF1α/BNIP3 pathway was further activated by baicalin in hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells. Silencing HIF1α lowered the functions of baicalin on hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells. Besides, baicalin enhanced hypoxia-caused activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was associated with the up-regulation of HIF1α and protective functions of baicalin on hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells. Conclusion: Baicalin relieved cardiomyocytes H9c2 apoptosis aroused by hypoxia might be achieved through activating Nrf2/HO-1-mediated HIF1α/BNIP3 pathway. Highlights Baicalin mitigates H9c2 cell viability loss and apoptosis aroused by hypoxia; Baicalin activates HIF1a/BNIP3 pathway in hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells; Silencing HIF1α weakens the influences of baicalin on hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells; Baicalin promotes Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells; Promotion of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway is related to the up-regulation of HIF1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi Central Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Linyi Central Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Qi Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , China
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21
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Reyna-Margarita HR, Irais CM, Mario-Alberto RG, Agustina RM, Luis-Benjamín SG, David PE. Plant Phenolics and Lectins as Vaccine Adjuvants. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:1236-1243. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190716110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The immune system is responsible for providing protection to the body
against foreign substances. The immune system divides into two types of immune responses to study
its mechanisms of protection: 1) Innate and 2) Adaptive. The innate immune response represents the
first protective barrier of the organism that also works as a regulator of the adaptive immune response,
if evaded the mechanisms of the innate immune response by the foreign substance the adaptive immune
response takes action with the consequent antigen neutralization or elimination. The adaptive
immune response objective is developing a specific humoral response that consists in the production of
soluble proteins known as antibodies capable of specifically recognizing the foreign agent; such protective
mechanism is induced artificially through an immunization or vaccination. Unfortunately, the
immunogenicity of the antigens is an intrinsic characteristic of the same antigen dependent on several
factors.
Conclusion:
Vaccine adjuvants are chemical substances of very varied structure that seek to improve
the immunogenicity of antigens. The main four types of adjuvants under investigation are the following:
1) Oil emulsions with an antigen in solution, 2) Pattern recognition receptors activating molecules,
3) Inflammatory stimulatory molecules or activators of the inflammasome complex, and 4) Cytokines.
However, this paper addresses the biological plausibility of two phytochemical compounds as vaccine
adjuvants: 5) Lectins, and 6) Plant phenolics whose characteristics, mechanisms of action and disadvantages
are addressed. Finally, the immunological usefulness of these molecules is discussed through
immunological data to estimate effects of plant phenolics and lectins as vaccine adjuvants, and current
studies that have implanted these molecules as vaccine adjuvants, demonstrating the results of this
immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernández-Ramos Reyna-Margarita
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de la Facultad de Medicina Unidad Torreon. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila (UA de C), Torreon, Mexico
| | - Castillo-Maldonado Irais
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de la Facultad de Medicina Unidad Torreon. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila (UA de C), Torreon, Mexico
| | - Rivera-Guillén Mario-Alberto
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de la Facultad de Medicina Unidad Torreon. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila (UA de C), Torreon, Mexico
| | - Ramírez-Moreno Agustina
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Unidad Torreon, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila (UA de C), Torreon, Mexico
| | - Serrano-Gallardo Luis-Benjamín
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de la Facultad de Medicina Unidad Torreon. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila (UA de C), Torreon, Mexico
| | - Pedroza-Escobar David
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de la Facultad de Medicina Unidad Torreon. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila (UA de C), Torreon, Mexico
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Dobrange E, Peshev D, Loedolff B, Van den Ende W. Fructans as Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Agents: The Case of Echinacea. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E615. [PMID: 31623122 PMCID: PMC6843407 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, medicinal purposes of plants have been studied, documented, and acknowledged as an integral part of human healthcare systems. The development of modern medicine still relies largely on this historical knowledge of the use and preparation of plants and their extracts. Further research into the human microbiome highlights the interaction between immunomodulatory responses and plant-derived, prebiotic compounds. One such group of compounds includes the inulin-type fructans (ITFs), which may also act as signaling molecules and antioxidants. These multifunctional compounds occur in a small proportion of plants, many of which have recognized medicinal properties. Echinacea is a well-known medicinal plant and products derived from it are sold globally for its cold- and flu-preventative and general health-promoting properties. Despite the well-documented phytochemical profile of Echinacea plants and products, little research has looked into the possible role of ITFs in these products. This review aims to highlight the occurrence of ITFs in Echinacea derived formulations and the potential role they play in immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Dobrange
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Darin Peshev
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bianke Loedolff
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:221-232. [PMID: 31376448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose the use of a plant tissue culture-based system for the production of polysaccharides with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. Polysaccharides were isolated from suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), a widely used medicinal herb. A neutral fraction, AGC1, purified by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, displayed immunostimulatory activity in vitro and ex vivo. AGC1 (average molecular weight: 5.2kDa) was predominantly composed of galactose (>60%) along with the presence of several other neutral sugars such as arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose in minor amounts. The major glycosidic linkages were found to be 3-Galp (48.5%), 3,6-Galp (10.2%), t-Galp (5.2%), 6-Galp (4.4%), 4-Glcp (5.7%), 4-Arap/5-Araf (4.0%) and t-Araf (4.5%). AGC1 significantly (p<0.05) stimulated the expression of a range of proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages such as IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and GM-CSF. Additionally, AGC1 treatment of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated NOS2 gene expression, leading to increased levels of iNOS and downstream NO. Consistent with this, AGC1 was able to act as an immunostimulant in primary murine splenocytes, enhancing cell proliferation, as well as NO and TNF-α production. Our results also indicate the partial role of NF-κB pathway in the immunostimulatory response.
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Study on the immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from the lichen Umbilicaria Esculenta. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:846-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Sulforaphane as anticancer agent: A double-edged sword? Tricky balance between effects on tumor cells and immune cells. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:79-87. [PMID: 30528536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. It has been reported to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancers, such as breast, prostate, colon, skin, lung, gastric or bladder cancer. SFN is supposed to act primarily as an antioxidant due to the activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. This enhances the activity of phase II detoxifying enzymes and the trapping of free radicals. Finally, SFN induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells. Here, we discuss effects of SFN on the immune defense system. In contrast to the situation in tumor cells, SFN acts pro-oxidatively in primary human T cells. It increases intracellular ROS levels and decreases GSH, resulting in inhibition of T cell activation and T cell effector functions. Regarding the use of SFN as an "anticancer agent" we conclude that SFN could act as a double-edged sword. On the one hand it reduces carcinogenesis, on the other hand it blocks the T cell-mediated immune response, the latter being important for immune surveillance of tumors. Thus, SFN could also interfere with the successful application of immunotherapy by immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. CTLA-4 antibodies and PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies) or CAR T cells. Therefore, a combination of SFN with T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapies does not seem advisable.
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Lasso P, Gomez-Cadena A, Urueña C, Donda A, Martinez-Usatorre A, Barreto A, Romero P, Fiorentino S. Prophylactic vs. Therapeutic Treatment With P2Et Polyphenol-Rich Extract Has Opposite Effects on Tumor Growth. Front Oncol 2018; 8:356. [PMID: 30234017 PMCID: PMC6127621 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have tumoricidal effects via anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and cytotoxic mechanisms and have recently been demonstrated to modulate the immune response through their anti- or pro- oxidant activity. Nevertheless, it remains controversial whether antioxidant-rich supplements have real beneficial effects on health, especially in complex diseases such as cancer. We previously identified a polyphenol-rich extract obtained from Caesalpinia spinosa (P2Et) with anti-tumor activity in both breast carcinoma and melanoma. The present work evaluated the ability of P2Et extract to modulate the immune system in either the steady state or following tumor challenge. We found that the prophylactic treatment of healthy mice increased the number of CD4+ and CD8+ activated T, NK, regulatory T, dendritic and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in lymphoid organs together with a significant increase in plasma IL-6. Interestingly, this pre-conditioning of the host immune system with P2Et did not involve a protective effect against the control of tumor growth and metastasis in transplantable models of melanoma (B16) and breast cancer (4T1), but in contrast, a detrimental effect was observed in both models. We further demonstrated that this effect was at least partly due to an increase in regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and proinflammatory cytokines, with a concomitant decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-tumor and immunomodulation properties of the P2Et extract critically depend on the presence of the tumor and might be mediated by the complex interactions between the tumor cells and the other components of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lasso
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Gomez-Cadena
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Urueña
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alena Donda
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amaia Martinez-Usatorre
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Use of Plant and Herb Derived Medicine for Therapeutic Usage in Cardiology. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5020038. [PMID: 29690545 PMCID: PMC6023439 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become prominent in mortality and morbidity rates. Prevalent cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and oxidative stress, are increasing at an alarming rate. Conventional drugs have been associated with adverse effects, suggesting a need for an alternative measure to ameliorate CVD. A number of plant- and herb-derived preventative food and therapeutic drugs for cardiovascular conditions are progressively used for their various benefits. Naturally derived food and drugs have fewer side effects because they come from natural elements; preventative food, such as grape seed, inhibits changes of histopathology and biomarkers in vital organs whereas therapeutic drugs, for instance Xanthone, improve heart functions by suppressing oxidative stress of myocyte. This review closely examines the various plant- and herb-derived drugs that have assumed an essential role in treating inflammation and oxidative stress for prevalent cardiovascular conditions. Furthermore, the use of plant-derived medicine with other synthetic particles, such as nanoparticles, for targeted therapy is investigated for its effective clinical use in the future.
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Zha Z, Wang SY, Chu W, Lv Y, Kan H, Chen Q, Zhong L, Yue L, Xiao J, Wang Y, Yin H. Isolation, purification, structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Lepidium meyenii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:184-193. [PMID: 29353155 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide LMP-1 was isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography from maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.). LMP-1 has a molecular weight of 1.01 × 104 Da, and is composed of glucose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.03:1.08. Methylation and the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy of LMP-1 revealed that it is mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and β-D-Araf-(1→, with branching at O-6 of →4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → . LMP-1 showed up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The upstream proteins of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (CD14 and MD2) and mRNA level of IL-1β also increased. Increased transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 was found in the nuclei and cytoplasm in LMP-1-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. These results indicated that LMP-1 activated RAW264.7 macrophages and elicited immunostimulatory activities via the TLRs/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Zha
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Chu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjin Kan
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yue
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinna Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongping Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Potential of glucans as vaccine adjuvants: A review of the α-glucans case. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:103-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kabir MSH, Mahamoud MS, Chakrabarty N, Ahmad S, Masum MAA, Hoque MA, Hossain MM, Rahman MM, Uddin MMN. Antithrombotic and cytotoxic activities of four Bangladeshi plants and PASS prediction of their isolated compounds. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 27:659-666. [PMID: 27371821 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate whether tested organic extracts possess antithrombotic properties with minimal or no toxicity and to predict the activity of some of their isolated compounds. METHODS An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to check the clot lysis effect of four Bangladeshi herbal extracts viz., roots of Curculigo recurvata W.T. Aiton (Satipata), leaf of Amorphophallus bulbifer Roxb. (Olkachu), leaf of Phyllanthus sikkimensis Muell. Arg., and whole plant of Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. (Nillata) using streptokinase as a positive control and water as a negative control. Cytotoxicity was screened by brine shrimp lethality bioassay using vincristine sulfate as positive control. In silico prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) prediction was applied for phytoconstituents, namely, nyasicoside, glucomannan, grandifloric acid, serine, and alanine. RESULTS Using an in vitro thrombolytic model, C. recurvata, A. bulbifer, P. sikkimensis, and T. grandiflora showed 28.10±1.64%, 42.47±1.96%, 32.86±1.92%, and 25.51±1.67% of clot lysis, respectively. Reference drug streptokinase exhibited 75.00±3.04% clot lysis. Examined herbs showed significant (p<0.001) percentage (%) of clot lysis compared to negative control. In brine shrimp cytotoxic assay, C. recurvata, A. bulbifer, P. sikkimensis, and T. grandiflora showed LC50 values 210.64±3.44, 98.51±1.47, 187.29±2.01, and 386.43±3.02 μg/mL, respectively, with reference to vincristine sulfate (LC50 0.76±0.04). PASS predicted that examined phytoconstituents have a wide range of biological activity. CONCLUSIONS Through our study it was found that A. bulbifer and P. sikkimensis could be considered as very promising and beneficial thrombolytic agents.
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Singh D, Tanwar H, Jayashankar B, Sharma J, Murthy S, Chanda S, Singh SB, Ganju L. Quercetin exhibits adjuvant activity by enhancing Th2 immune response in ovalbumin immunized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:354-360. [PMID: 28380410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, one of the most abundant of plant flavonoids, has been studied with a great deal of attention over the last several decades mainly for its properties in inflammation and allergy. In this study, we are reporting for the first time the in vivo immunostimulatory activity of quercetin in ovalbumin immunized Balb/c mice. Administration of quercetin (50mg/kg body weight) along with ovalbumin antigen showed increased ovalbumin specific serum IgG antibody titres in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). Quercetin administration not only showed predominance of Th2 immune response by increasing the IgG1 antibody titres, but also increased the infiltration of CD11c+ dendritic cells in the mouse peritoneum and also increased LPS activated IL-1β and nitric oxide (NO) production by peritoneal macrophages. Expression of Tbx21, GATA-3 and Oct-2 proteins also enhanced in splenocytes of quercetin administered mice. Quercetin also did not cause any hemolysis in human RBCs. Overall, our findings strongly demonstrate the novel in vivo immunostimulatory and adjuvant potentials of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India.
| | - Himanshi Tanwar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | | | - Jyoti Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Swetha Murthy
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Sudipta Chanda
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Delhi, India
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Zhang A, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao G, Yang X, Wang D, Wang B. Adjuvant-active aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L. improve immune responses through TLR4 signaling pathway. Vaccine 2017; 35:1037-1045. [PMID: 28111143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activating innate immunity by an adjuvant is required in vaccine development. The study aims to investigate adjuvant effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR) in vivo and in vitro. ICR mice were subcutaneously administered with antigen and AEAR at various doses to evaluate their immune responses of antibodies, dendritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), splenic lymphocyte, and cytokine. The evaluation results showed that AEAR could largely increase titers of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and T cell proliferation. AEAR also increased expression of IFN-γ in CD8+T cells as well as IL-4 and INF-γ expression in CD4+T cells. Expression levels of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on DCs were significantly elevated, whereas the Treg frequency was significantly decreased. AEAR (200μg) showed remarkable adjuvant activity. Furthermore, AEAR enhanced MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression as well as the yields of TNF-α and IL-12 on DCs through toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) in vitro. Those results indicated that AEAR could serve as an efficacious immune stimulator for vaccines because it significantly enhanced specific immune responses by promoting DCs maturation and reduced Treg through TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Jayashankar B, Singh D, Tanwar H, Mishra KP, Murthy S, Chanda S, Mishra J, Tulswani R, Misra K, Singh SB, Ganju L. Augmentation of humoral and cellular immunity in response to Tetanus and Diphtheria toxoids by supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 44:123-136. [PMID: 28092864 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides L. commonly known as Seabuckthorn (SBT), a wild shrub of family Elaegnacea, has extensively used for treating various ailments like skin diseases, jaundice, asthma, lung troubles. SBT leaves have been reported to possess several pharmacological properties including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and tissue regeneration etc. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adjuvant property of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts (SCEs 300ET and 350ET) of SBT leaves in balb/c mice immunized with Tetanus and Diphtheria toxoids. The dynamic changes in the immune response were measured in terms of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. We have seen the effect of SCEs on immunoglobulin subtypes and secondary immune response generation. In addition, the effect of SCEs on antigen specific cellular immunity was evaluated. Our results show that SCEs 300ET and 350ET significantly enhanced antibody titers in response to both TT and DT antigens. The secondary immune response generated was significantly increased in case of TT immunized animals. SCEs also enhanced cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α and IL-1β) and increased lymphoproliferation. Besides, both SCEs did not show any toxic effects. Therefore, the study suggests that SCEs are safe and have potent immunostimulatory activity and hence, seems to be a promising balanced Th1 and Th2 directing immunological adjuvant for various veterinary as well as human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindhya Jayashankar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Himanshi Tanwar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Swetha Murthy
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sudipta Chanda
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Jigni Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - R Tulswani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - K Misra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - S B Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
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Liu F, Yang H, Wang L, Yu B. Biosynthesis of the High-Value Plant Secondary Product Benzyl Isothiocyanate via Functional Expression of Multiple Heterologous Enzymes in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1557-1565. [PMID: 27389525 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are highly nutraceutically and pharmaceutically important. Isothiocyanates, which are found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables, are believed to reduce the risk of several types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The challenges arising from the structural diversity and complex chemistry of these compounds have spurred great interest in producing them in large amounts in microbes. In this study, we aimed to synthesize benzyl isothiocyanate in Escherichia coli via gene mining, pathway engineering, and protein modification. Two chimeric cytochrome P450 enzymes were constructed and functionally expressed in E. coli. The E. coli cystathionine β-lyase was used to replace the plant-derived C-S lyase; its active form cannot be expressed in E. coli. Suitable desulfoglucosinolate:PAPS sulfotransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 and myrosinase from Brevicoryne brassicae were successfully mined from the database. Biosynthesis of benzyl isothiocyanate by the combined expression of the optimized enzymes in vitro was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. This study provided a proof of concept for the production of benzyl isothiocyanate by microbially produced enzymes and, importantly, laid the groundwork for further metabolic engineering of microbial cells for the production of isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Han Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limin Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Yu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering,
Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Yang Y, Wei K, Yang S, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Wang D, Chi S, Jiang X, Zhu R. Co-adjuvant effects of plant polysaccharide and propolis on chickens inoculated with Bordetella avium inactivated vaccine. Avian Pathol 2016; 44:248-53. [PMID: 25989924 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1040372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (TPPPS), propolis (PP) and aloe polysaccharide (AP), used as adjuvants, have been proven to possess immunity-enhancing functions. However, their collaborative immunomodulatory effects are largely unknown. To determine which combination can induce the best effects, the three adjuvants were separately or conjointly added into Bordetella avium inactivated vaccines to investigate their co-adjuvant effects on vaccinated chickens. We found that, among all six adjuvant-treated vaccine inoculated groups (TPPPS, PP, AP, TPPPS-PP, PP-AP and TPPPS-AP), the chickens inoculated with TPPPS, PP or TPPPS-PP adjuvant vaccines showed significantly higher levels of antibody titre, cytokine, lymphocyte transformation and peripheral blood T-lymphocyte count than those of non-adjuvant vaccine inoculated groups (P < 0.05), indicating the good immune-enhancing effects of TPPPS and PP. The TPPPS-PP group showed the highest levels of antibody titres and interleukin-2 (IL-2) at 14-28 days post the first inoculation (dpi), lymphocyte transformation rates (LTRs) at 14-35 dpi, CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts at 14-42 dpi, and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte counts at 28 dpi. The results revealed that B. avium inactivated vaccine used conjointly with TPPPS and PP induced the strongest humoral and cellular immune responses. Thus, there was a synergistic effect between TPPPS and PP on enhancing immunity, which suggests that they can be used as a novel adjuvant formulation for the development of poultry vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yang
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention , College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , P.R. China
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Rai A, Nakamura M, Takahashi H, Suzuki H, Saito K, Yamazaki M. High-throughput sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly of Swertia japonica to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of therapeutic metabolites. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2091-111. [PMID: 27378356 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report potential transcripts involved in the biosynthesis of therapeutic metabolites in Swertia japonica , the first report of transcriptome assembly, and characterization of the medicinal plant from Swertia genus. Swertia genus, representing over 170 plant species including herbs such as S. chirata, S. hookeri, S. longifolia, S. japonica, among others, have been used as the traditional medicine in China, India, Korea, and Japan for thousands of years. Due to the lack of genomic and transcriptomic resources, little is known about the molecular basis involved in the biosynthesis of characteristic key bioactive metabolites. Here, we performed deep-transcriptome sequencing for the aerial tissues and the roots of S. japonica, generating over 2 billion raw reads with an average length of 101 bps. Using a combined approach of three popular assemblers, de novo transcriptome assembly for S. japonica was obtained, yielding 81,729 unigenes having an average length of 884 bps and N50 value of 1452 bps, of which 46,963 unigenes were annotated based on the sequence similarity against NCBI-nr protein database. Annotation of transcriptome assembly resulted in the identification of putative genes encoding all enzymes from the key therapeutic metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Transcript abundance analysis, gene ontology enrichment analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed metabolic processes being up-regulated in the aerial tissues with respect to the roots of S. japonica. We also identified 37 unigenes as potential candidates involved in the glycosylation of bioactive metabolites. Being the first report of transcriptome assembly and annotation for any of the Swertia species, this study will be a valuable resource for future investigations on the biosynthetic pathways of therapeutic metabolites and their regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Rai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Michimi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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Ngcobo M, Gqaleni N. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of a South African commercial traditional immune booster in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:300. [PMID: 27550057 PMCID: PMC4994178 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the burden of HIV and AIDS still very high, South Africa has seen an increase in commercial traditional medicines claiming to have immune-enhancing effects. Because of lack of regulation of the traditional medicine sector, these products have proliferated. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of uMakhonya®, a commercial traditional immune booster, using various models of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS Immunosuppressed, mitogen-, and peptidoglycan (PG)-stimulated PBMCs were treated with various doses of uMakhonya® and incubated for 24 h. The treated and control samples were analyzed for cytotoxicity, secretion of 12 different inflammatory cytokines, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels, and nitric oxide (NO) secretion. RESULTS In cytotoxicity assays, uMakhonya® induced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in all three models, with IC50 values of 512.08, 500, and 487.91 μg/mL for immunosuppressed, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-, and PG from Staphylococcus. aureus (PG-S. aureus)-stimulated PBMCs, respectively. UMakhonya® at 100 and 10 μg/mL induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in cyclosporine-, immunosuppressed, and PHA-stimulated PBMCs. In the same samples, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in sIL-2R concentration, which correlated with an increase in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In PBMCs stimulated with PG-S. aureus, uMakhonya® at doses of 100 and 10 μg/mL significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1β and TNF-α. PG-S. aureus-stimulated PBMCs also showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in sIL-2R concentration when compared to control samples. UMakhonya® insignificantly (p > 0.05) decreased NO levels in PBMCs after PG-S. aureus stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that uMakhonya® can induce both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the initial stimuli applied to immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlungisi Ngcobo
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nceba Gqaleni
- Department of Public Management and Economics, Faculty of Management Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Seo DW, Cho YI, Gu S, Kim DH, Park JH, Yi YJ, Lee SM. A hot water extract ofAralia cordataactivates bone marrow-derived macrophages via a myeloid differentiation protein 88-dependent pathway and protects mice from bacterial infection. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60:343-55. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Seo
- Division of Biotechnology; Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresources; Chonbuk National University; Iksan-si Jeollabuk-do 54596
| | - Yong-Il Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science; Rural Development Administration; Cheonan-si Chungcheongnam-do 441-706 South Korea
| | - Suna Gu
- Division of Biotechnology; Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresources; Chonbuk National University; Iksan-si Jeollabuk-do 54596
| | - Da-Hee Kim
- Division of Biotechnology; Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresources; Chonbuk National University; Iksan-si Jeollabuk-do 54596
| | - Jung-Hee Park
- Division of Biotechnology; Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresources; Chonbuk National University; Iksan-si Jeollabuk-do 54596
| | - Young-Joo Yi
- Division of Biotechnology; Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresources; Chonbuk National University; Iksan-si Jeollabuk-do 54596
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology; Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresources; Chonbuk National University; Iksan-si Jeollabuk-do 54596
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Huang Y, Liu Z, Bo R, Xing J, Luo L, Zhen S, Niu Y, Hu Y, Liu J, Wu Y, Wang D. The enhanced immune response of PCV-2 vaccine using Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide liposome as an adjuvant. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:929-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang K, Wang Y, Qi Q, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Liu G, Luan Y, Zhao Z, Cai J, Cao J, Li S. Inhibitory effects of S -allylmercaptocysteine against benzo(a)pyrene-induced precancerous carcinogenesis in human lung cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liu L, Yu C, Wang C, Shao M, Yan Z, Jiang X, Chi S, Wang Z, Wei K, Zhu R. Immuno-enhancement of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharides on recombinant Bordetella avium ompA expressed in Pichia pastoris. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:54-61. [PMID: 26975477 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bordetellosis, caused by Bordetella avium, continues to be an economic problem in the poultry industry of China. Vaccines with good protective ability are lacking. Thus, developing a novel vaccine against the B. avium infection is crucial. Here, we constructed a recombinant Pichia pastoris transformant capable of expressing the outer membrane protein A (ompA) of B. avium to prepare the recombinant ompA subunit vaccine and then evaluated its immune effects. To further investigate the immunomodulation effects of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharides (TPPPS) on this subunit vaccine, three concentrations (20, 40, and 60 mg/mL) of TPPPS were used as the adjuvants of the ompA subunit vaccine respectively. The conventional Freund's incomplete adjuvant served as the control of TPPPS. Chickens in different groups were separately vaccinated with these vaccines thrice. During the monitoring period, serum antibody titers, concentrations of serum IL-4, percentages of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, lymphocyte transformation rate, and protection rate were detected. Results showed that the pure ompA vaccine induced the production of anti-ompA antibody, the secretion of IL-4, the increase of CD4(+) T-lymphocytes counts and lymphocyte transformation rate in the peripheral blood. Moreover, the pure ompA vaccine provided a protection rate of 71.67% after the B. avium challenge. Notably, TPPPS adjuvant vaccines induced higher levels of immune responses than the pure ompA vaccine, and 60 mg/mL TPPPS adjuvant vaccine showed optimal immune effects and had a 91.67% protection rate. Our findings indicated that this recombinant B. avium ompA subunit vaccine combined with TPPPS had high immunostimulatory potential. Results provided a new perspective for B. avium subunit vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Cuilian Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mingxu Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengui Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Chi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Kirubakaran CJW, Subramani PA, Michael RD. Methanol extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis seeds enhances non-specific immune responses and protects Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:243-8. [PMID: 27033940 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulation using medicinal plant extracts is a promising approach for prevention and control of diseases with reference to sustainable fish farming. Oreochromis mossambicus, dubbed as aquatic chicken is a cultured fish worldwide and a laboratory model organism. Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the major bacterial pathogens in fish farming that causes huge loss to aquaculture industries. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of methanol extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis seeds on disease resistance of O. mossambicus against live virulent A. hydrophila. We also investigated its effect on the non-specific immune parameters such as serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, antiprotease and specific immune parameters in terms of specific serum antibody titres assayed by bacterial agglutination test. Our studies indicate that intra-peritoneal administration of 20mg/kg methanol extract increases the Relative Percent Survival (RPS) of O. mossambicus challenged with LD80 of A. hydrophila. Further, both non-specific and specific immune parameters were enhanced by the methanol extract. Further experiments at molecular levels in the laboratory and also efficacy testing at field level are essential before applying this plant product in aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C John Wesly Kirubakaran
- Quality Control Microbiology, Human Biologicals Institute, National Dairy Development Board, The Nilgiris-643007, India
| | | | - R Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai-600117, India.
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Zhu F, Liu X, Sun Z, Yu C, Liu L, Yang S, Li B, Wei K, Zhu R. Immune-Enhancing Effects of Taishan Pinus massoniana Pollen Polysaccharides on DNA Vaccine Expressing Bordetella avium ompA. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:66. [PMID: 26870023 PMCID: PMC4735580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella avium is the causative agent of bordetellosis, which remains to be the cause of severe losses in the turkey industry. Given the lack of vaccines that can provide good protection, developing a novel vaccine against B. avium infection is crucial. In this study, we constructed a eukaryotic expression plasmid, which expressed the outer membrane protein A (ompA) of B. avium, to prepare a B. avium recombinant ompA-DNA vaccine. Three concentrations (low, middle, and high) of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharides (TPPPS), a known immunomodulator, were used as adjuvants, and their immune conditioning effects on the developed DNA vaccine were examined. The pure ompA-DNA vaccine, Freund’s incomplete adjuvant ompA-DNA vaccine, and the empty plasmid served as the controls. The chickens in each group were separately inoculated with these vaccines three times at 1, 7, and 14 days old. Dynamic changes in antibody production, cytokine secretion, and lymphocyte count were then determined from 7 to 49 days after the first inoculation. Protective rates of the vaccines were also determined after the third inoculation. Results showed that the pure DNA vaccine obviously induced the production of antibodies, the secretion of cytokines, and the increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood, as well as provided a protective rate of 50% to the B. avium-challenged chickens. The chickens inoculated with the TPPPS adjuvant ompA-DNA vaccine and Freund’s adjuvant ompA-DNA vaccine demonstrated higher levels of immune responses than those inoculated with pure ompA-DNA vaccine, whereas only the ompA-DNA vaccine with 200 mg/mL TPPPS completely protected the chickens against B. avium infection. These findings indicate that the B. avium ompA-DNA vaccine combined with TPPPS is a potentially effective B. avium vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Zhenhong Sun
- Analytic Laboratory, Institute of Preclinical Medicine, Taishan Medical College Taian, China
| | - Cuilian Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Shifa Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Bing Li
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University Taian, China
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The Adjuvant Activity of Epimedium Polysaccharide-Propolis Flavone Liposome on Enhancing Immune Responses to Inactivated Porcine Circovirus Vaccine in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:972083. [PMID: 26612996 PMCID: PMC4647051 DOI: 10.1155/2015/972083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The adjuvant activity of Epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone liposome (EPL) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Methods. In vitro, the effects of EPL at different concentrations on splenic lymphocytes proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-6 were determined. In vivo, the adjuvant activities of EPL, EP, and mineral oil were compared in BALB/c mice through vaccination with inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine. Results. In vitro, EPL promoted lymphocytes proliferation and increased the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-6, and the effect was significantly better than EP at all concentrations. In vivo, EPL significantly promoted the lymphocytes proliferation and the secretion of cytokines and improved the killing activity of NK cells, PCV2-specific antibody titers, and the proportion of T-cell subgroups. The effects of EPL were significantly better than EP and oil adjuvant at most time points. Conclusion. EPL could significantly improve both PCV2-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, and its medium dose had the best efficacy. Therefore, EPL would be exploited in an effective immune adjuvant for inactivated PCV2 vaccine.
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The activation of Epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone liposome on Kupffer cells. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:613-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kadum Yakob H, Manaf Uyub A, Fariza Sulaiman S. Immune-stimulating properties of 80% methanolic extract of Ludwigia octovalvis against Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 in Balb/c mice following experimental infection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:30-37. [PMID: 26091966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ludwigia octovalvis is an aquatic plant widely distributed throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions. It is commonly consumed as a health drink and traditionally used for treating various ailments such as dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, nephritisn and headache. No information is available on its in vivo antibacterial activity against an important foodborne pathogen, Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Balb/c mice were orally administered with the extract at doses of 200 or 400mg/kg body weight for one week before the infection with E. coli O157:H7 and continued for 14 consecutive days after infection. Serum antibody (IgA, IgG and IgM) levels were quantified at days 7 and 14 post-challenge by an ADVIA(®) 2400 Clinical Chemistry Auto Analyzer. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and Ceruloplasmin, as nonspecific immune parameters, were determined enzymatically. RESULTS A significant increase (p<0.05) in IgA serum level was indicated on the 7th day post-challenge with the pathogen in the experimental group received 400mg/kg of the extract in comparison with other groups. Total IgA serum levels on day 7 post-challenge in groups of PBS negative control, E. coli O157:H7 positive control, E. coli O157:H7+200mg/kg extract group and E. coli O157:H7+400mg/kg extract group were 709.4 ± 149.6, 1655.8 ± 139.7, 1728.6 ± 64.3 and 1971.4 ± 135.6 µg/ml, respectively. Serum IgG and IgM did not significantly change among different groups. The extract administered orally to infected Balb/c mice did not affect the NBT as well as ceruloplasmin levels. CONCLUSIONS The extract of L. octovalvis contains biologically active principles which increased systemic immune response to E. coli O157:H7 via potentiating the synthesis of IgA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Kadum Yakob
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, AL-Anbar University, 00964 Ramadi, Iraq.
| | - Abd Manaf Uyub
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shaida Fariza Sulaiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Sun H, Zhang J, Chen F, Chen X, Zhou Z, Wang H. Activation of RAW264.7 macrophages by the polysaccharide from the roots of Actinidia eriantha and its molecular mechanisms. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:388-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Emran TB, Rahman MA, Uddin MMN, Rahman MM, Uddin MZ, Dash R, Layzu C. Effects of organic extracts and their different fractions of five Bangladeshi plants on in vitro thrombolysis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:128. [PMID: 25902818 PMCID: PMC4414290 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The increasingly high incidence of ischemic stroke caused by thrombosis of the arterial vessels is one of the major factors that threaten people’s health and lives in the world. The present treatments for thrombosis are still unsatisfactory. Herbal preparations have been used since ancient times for the treatment of several diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether herbal preparations possess thrombolytic activity or not. Methods An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to check the clot lysis effect of the crude extracts and fractions of five Bangladeshi plant viz., Trema orientalis L., Bacopa monnieri L., Capsicum frutescens L., Brassica oleracea L. and Urena sinuata L. using streptokinase as a positive control and water as a negative control. Briefly, venous blood drawn from twenty healthy volunteers was allowed to form clots which were weighed and treated with the test plant materials to disrupt the clots. Weight of clot after and before treatment provided a percentage of clot lysis. Results Using an in vitro thrombolytic model, different fractions of five Bangladeshi medicinal plants namely T. orientalis, B. monnieri, C. frutescens, B. oleracea and U. sinuata showed various range of clot lysis activity. Chloroform fractions of T. orientalis, B. monnieri, C. frutescens, B. oleracea and U. sinuata showed highest significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) clot lysis activity viz., 46.44 ± 2.44%, 48.39 ± 10.12%, 36.87 ± 1.27%, 30.24 ± 0.95% and 47.89 ± 6.83% respectively compared with positive control standard streptokinase (80.77 ± 1.12%) and negative control sterile distilled water (5.69 ± 3.09%). Other fractions showed moderate to low clot lysis activity. Order of clot lysis activity was found to be: Streptokinase > Chloroform fractions > Methanol (crude) extract > Hydro-methanol fractions > Ethyl acetate fractions > n-hexane fractions > Water. Conclusions Our study suggests that thrombolytic activity of T. orientalis, B. monnieri and U. sinuata could be considered as very promising and beneficial for the Bangladeshi traditional medicine. Lower effects of other extracts might suggest the lack of bio-active components and/or insufficient quantities in the extract. In vivo clot dissolving property and active component(s) of T. orientalis and B. monnieri for clot lysis could lead the plants for their therapeutic uses. However, further work will establish whether or not, chloroform soluble phytochemicals from these plants could be incorporated as a thrombolytic agent for the improvement of the patients suffering from atherothrombotic diseases.
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Shawky H, Maghraby AS, Solliman MED, El-Mokadem MT, Sherif MM, Arafa A, Bahgat MM. Expression, immunogenicity and diagnostic value of envelope proteins from an Egyptian hepatitis C virus isolate. Arch Virol 2015; 160:945-58. [PMID: 25631616 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed at 1) characterization of the E1 and E2 proteins (HCV-E) from an Egyptian hepatitis C virus genotype 4a (HCV-4a) isolate at the molecular and immunological level, 2) in silico identification of the B- and T-cell epitopes responsible for the immunogenicity of HCV-E, and 3) evaluation of the diagnostic potential of both the recombinant HCV-E and antibodies raised using mammalian expression constructs encoding the protein. The region encoding the E1 and E2 proteins was amplified by RT-PCR from RNA isolated from blood of a human infected with HCV-4 and cloned into the pSC-TA plasmid, and the sequence was verified and used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The translated nucleotide sequence was used to predict the HCV-E secondary structure using the PREDICT-PROTEIN server and PSI-PRED. A 3D model of HCV-E was generated using the online tool 3Dpro. B- and T-cell epitopes were predicted using the online tools BCPred and Epijen v1.0, respectively. The HCV-E-encoding sequence was later subcloned into the mammalian expression plasmid pQE, and the constructs that were generated were used to immunize mice in the absence and presence of adjuvants of plant origin. The maximum sequence identity obtained by nucleotide and protein BLAST analysis with previously published HCV-E sequences was 85 and 77 %, respectively. The B-cell epitope CFTPSPVVV at position 203 and the T-cell epitope ALSTGLIHL at position 380 were found to be highly conserved among all HCV genotypes. Both ELISA and Western blotting experiments on crude and purified recombinant HCV envelope proteins using mouse antisera raised using the HCV-E mammalian expression construct confirmed the specific antigenicity of the expressed protein. The antibodies raised in mice using the HCV-E-encoding construct could efficiently capture circulating antigens in patients' sera with good sensitivity that correlated with liver enzyme levels (r = 0.4052, P < 0.0001 for ALT; r = -0.5439, P = 0.0019 for AST). Moreover, combining the HCV-E-encoding construct with extracts prepared from Echinacea purpurea and Nigella sativa prior to immunizing mice significantly (P < 0.05) increased both the humoral (14.9- to 20-fold increase in antibodies) and the cellular (CD4(+) and cytotoxic CD8(+)- T lymphocytes) responses compared to mice that received the DNA construct alone or PBS-treated mice. Both recombinant HCV-E protein preparations and antibodies raised using the HCV-E-encoding mammalian expression construct represent useful diagnostic tools that can report on active HCV infection. Also, the immunostimulatory effects induced by the two plant extracts used at the cellular and humoral level highlight the potential of natural products for inducing protection against HCV infection. The neutralizing capacity of the induced antibodies is a subject of future investigations. Furthermore, the predicted B- and T-cell epitopes may be useful for tailoring future diagnostics and candidate vaccines against various HCV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Shawky
- The Immunology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Therapeutic Chemistry Department, The Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, The National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt,
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Mengome LE, Voxeur A, Akue JP, Lerouge P. In vitro proliferation and production of cytokine and IgG by human PBMCs stimulated with polysaccharide extract from plants endemic to Gabon. Molecules 2014; 19:18543-57. [PMID: 25401398 PMCID: PMC6272015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides were extracted from seven plants endemic to Gabon to study their potential immunological activities. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) (5 × 105 cells/mL) proliferation, cytokine and immunoglobulin G (IgG) assays were performed after stimulation with different concentrations of polysaccharide fractions compared with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) from healthy volunteers. The culture supernatants were used for cytokine and IgG detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results show that pectin and hemicellulose extracts from Uvaria klainei, Petersianthus macrocarpus, Trichoscypha addonii, Aphanocalyx microphyllus, Librevillea klaineana, Neochevalierodendron stephanii and Scorodophloeus zenkeri induced production levels that were variable from one individual to another for IL-12 (3–40 pg/mL), IL-10 (6–443 pg/mL), IL-6 (7–370 pg/mL), GM-CSF (3–170 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (5–80 pg/mL). Only hemicelluloses from Aphanocalyx microphyllus produce a small amount of IgG (OD = 0.034), while the proliferation of cells stimulated with these polysaccharides increased up to 318% above the proliferation of unstimulated cells. However, this proliferation of PBMCs was abolished when the pectin of some of these plants was treated with endopolygalacturonase (p < 0.05), but the trend of cytokine synthesis remained the same, both before and after enzymatic treatment or saponification. This study suggests that these polysaccharides stimulate cells in a structure-dependent manner. The rhamnogalacturonan-I (RGI) fragment alone was not able to induce the proliferation of PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Edwige Mengome
- Institutde Pharmacopée et de MédecineTraditionnelles (IPHAMETRA), BP 1935 Libreville, Gabon.
| | - Aline Voxeur
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Jean Paul Akue
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon.
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
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