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Flores-Gonzalez J, Ramón-Luing LA, Falfán-Valencia R, Batista CVF, Soto-Alvarez S, Huerta-Nuñez L, Chávez-Galán L. The presence of cytotoxic CD4 and exhausted-like CD8+ T-cells is a signature of active tuberculosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167219. [PMID: 38734321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Chronic infections induce CD4+ T-cells with cytotoxic functions (CD4 CTLs); at present, it is still unknown whether latent tuberculosis (LTB) and active tuberculosis (ATB) induce CD4 CTLs. Plasma and cells from four patient groups-uninfected contact (UC), LTB, and ATB (divided as sensitive [DS-TB]- or resistant [DR-TB]-drug)-were evaluated by flow cytometry, q-PCR, and proteomics. The data showed that ATB patients had an increased frequency of CD4+ T-cells and a decreased frequency of CD8+ T-cells. The latter displays an exhausted-like profile characterized by CD39, CD279, and TIM-3 expression. ATB had a high frequency of CD4 + perforin+ cells, suggesting a CD4 CTL profile. The expression (at the transcriptional level) of granzyme A, granzyme B, granulysin, and perforin, as well as the genes T-bet (Tbx21) and NKG2D (Klrk1), in enriched CD4+ T-cells, confirmed the cytotoxic signature of CD4+ T-cells during ATB (which was stronger in DS-TB than in DR-TB). Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed the presence of HSP70 (in DS-TB) and annexin A5 (in DR-TB), which are molecules that have been associated with favoring the CD4 CTL profile. Finally, we found that lipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis increased the presence of CD4 CTLs in DR-TB patients. Our data suggest that ATB is characterized by exhausted-like CD8+ T-cells, which, together with a specific microenvironment, favor the presence of CD4 CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080. Mexico
| | - Lucero A Ramón-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080. Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Cesar V F Batista
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Silverio Soto-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Lidia Huerta-Nuñez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicana, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chávez-Galán
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080. Mexico.
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2
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Zhang Y, Xu D, Nie Q, Wang J, Fang D, Xie Y, Xiong H, Pan Q, Zhang XL. Macrophages exploit the mannose receptor and JAK-STAT1-MHC-II pathway to drive antigen presentation and the antimycobacterial immune response after BCG vaccination. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38894685 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tb), remains one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. The only licensed vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has variable efficacy against TB in adults. Insufficiency of immune cell function diminishes the protective effects of the BCG vaccine. It is critical to clarify the mechanism underlying the antimycobacterial immune response during BCG vaccination. Macrophage mannose receptor (MR) is important for enhancing the uptake and processing of glycoconjugated antigens from pathogens for presentation to T cells, but the roles of macrophage MR in the BCG-induced immune response against M. tb are not yet clear. Here, we discover that macrophage MR deficiency impairs the antimycobacterial immune response in BCG-vaccinated mice. Mechanistically, macrophage MR triggers JAK-STAT1 signaling, which promotes antigen presentation via upregulated MHC-II and induces IL-12 production by macrophages, contributing to CD4 + T cell activation and IFN-γ production. MR deficiency in macrophages reduces the vaccine efficacy of BCG and increases susceptibility to M. tb H37Ra challenge in mice. Our results suggest that MR is critical for macrophage antigen presentation and the antimycobacterial immune response to BCG vaccination and offer valuable guidance for the preventive strategy of BCG immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qi Nie
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huang Xiong
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Anatomy, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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3
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Krause R, Ogongo P, Tezera L, Ahmed M, Mbano I, Chambers M, Ngoepe A, Magnoumba M, Muema D, Karim F, Khan K, Lumamba K, Nargan K, Madansein R, Steyn A, Shalek AK, Elkington P, Leslie A. B cell heterogeneity in human tuberculosis highlights compartment-specific phenotype and functional roles. Commun Biol 2024; 7:584. [PMID: 38755239 PMCID: PMC11099031 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells are important in tuberculosis (TB) immunity, but their role in the human lung is understudied. Here, we characterize B cells from lung tissue and matched blood of patients with TB and found they are decreased in the blood and increased in the lungs, consistent with recruitment to infected tissue, where they are located in granuloma associated lymphoid tissue. Flow cytometry and transcriptomics identify multiple B cell populations in the lung, including those associated with tissue resident memory, germinal centers, antibody secretion, proinflammatory atypical B cells, and regulatory B cells, some of which are expanded in TB disease. Additionally, TB lungs contain high levels of Mtb-reactive antibodies, specifically IgM, which promotes Mtb phagocytosis. Overall, these data reveal the presence of functionally diverse B cell subsets in the lungs of patients with TB and suggest several potential localized roles that may represent a target for interventions to promote immunity or mitigate immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krause
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liku Tezera
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammed Ahmed
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ian Mbano
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mark Chambers
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Magalli Magnoumba
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Daniel Muema
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khadija Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adrie Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for AIDS Research and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Elkington
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Al Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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4
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Al-Qahtani AA, Alhamlan FS, Al-Qahtani AA. Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:13. [PMID: 38251210 PMCID: PMC10818686 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that are crucial in regulating immune responses during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment of immune cells, whereas anti-inflammatory ILs help to suppress excessive inflammation and promote tissue repair. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ILs in infectious diseases, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying their effects, their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, and emerging trends in IL-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah S. Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Rahlwes KC, Dias BR, Campos PC, Alvarez-Arguedas S, Shiloh MU. Pathogenicity and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Virulence 2023; 14:2150449. [PMID: 36419223 PMCID: PMC9817126 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Leveraging its highly evolved repertoire of non-protein and protein virulence factors, Mtb invades through the airway, subverts host immunity, establishes its survival niche, and ultimately escapes in the setting of active disease to initiate another round of infection in a naive host. In this review, we will provide a concise synopsis of the infectious life cycle of Mtb and its clinical and epidemiologic significance. We will also take stock of its virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms that modulate host immunity and facilitate its spread. Developing a greater understanding of the interface between Mtb virulence factors and host defences will enable progress toward improved vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C. Rahlwes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz R.S. Dias
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priscila C. Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Alvarez-Arguedas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael U. Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,CONTACT Michael U. Shiloh
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6
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Flores-Gonzalez J, Urbán-Solano A, Ramón-Luing LA, Cancino-Diaz JC, Contreras-Rodriguez A, Curiel-Quesada E, Hernández-Pando R, Chavez-Galan L. Active tuberculosis patients have high systemic IgG levels and B-cell fingerprinting, characterized by a reduced capacity to produce IFN-γ or IL-10 as a response to M.tb antigens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1263458. [PMID: 38022616 PMCID: PMC10643169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). B cells are the central mediator of the humoral response; they are responsible for producing antibodies in addition to mediating other functions. The role of the cellular response during the TB spectrum by B cells is still controversial. Methods In this study, we evaluated the distribution of the circulating B cell subsets in patients with active and latent TB (ATB and LTB, respectively) and how they respond to stimuli of protein or lipid from M.tb. Results Here, we show that ATB patients show an immune fingerprinting. However, patients with drug-sensitive- (DS-TB) or drug-resistant- (DR-TB) TB have altered frequencies of circulating B cells. DS-TB and DR-TB display a unique profile characterized by high systemic levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, IgG, IgG/IgM ratio, and total B cells. Moreover, B cells from DR-TB are less efficient in producing IL-10, and both DS-TB and DR-TB produce less IFN-γ in response to M.tb antigens. Conclusion These results provide new insights into the population dynamics of the cellular immune response by B cells against M.tb and suggest a fingerprinting to characterize the B-cell response on DR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexia Urbán-Solano
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucero A. Ramón-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino-Diaz
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Everardo Curiel-Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Department of Pathology, Section of Experimental Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Zihad SNK, Sifat N, Islam MA, Monjur-Al-Hossain A, Sikdar KYK, Sarker MMR, Shilpi JA, Uddin SJ. Role of pattern recognition receptors in sensing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20636. [PMID: 37842564 PMCID: PMC10570006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major invasive intracellular pathogens causing most deaths by a single infectious agent. The interaction between host immune cells and this pathogen is the focal point of the disease, Tuberculosis. Host immune cells not only mount the protective action against this pathogen but also serve as the primary niche for growth. Thus, recognition of this pathogen by host immune cells and following signaling cascades are key dictators of the disease state. Immune cells, mainly belonging to myeloid cell lineage, recognize a wide variety of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ligands ranging from carbohydrate and lipids to proteins to nucleic acids by different membrane-bound and soluble pattern recognition receptors. Simultaneous interaction between different host receptors and pathogen ligands leads to immune-inflammatory response as well as contributes to virulence. This review summarizes the contribution of pattern recognition receptors of host immune cells in recognizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and subsequent initiation of signaling pathways to provide the molecular insight of the specific Mtb ligands interacting with specific PRR, key adaptor molecules of the downstream signaling pathways and the resultant effector functions which will aid in identifying novel drug targets, and developing novel drugs and adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazifa Sifat
- Department of Pharmacy, ASA University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono University, Nolam, Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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8
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Proteome Profile Changes Induced by Heterologous Overexpression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Derived Antigens PstS-1 (Rv0934) and Ag85B (Rv1886c) in Mycobacterium microti. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121836. [PMID: 36551264 PMCID: PMC9775975 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new tuberculosis vaccines remains a global priority, and recombinant vaccines are a frequently investigated option. These vaccines follow a molecular strategy that may enhance protective efficacy. However, their functional differences, particularly with respect to glycosylation, remain unknown. Recent studies have shown that glycosylation plays a key role in the host-pathogen interactions during immune recognition. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the glycosylation profiles of two recombinant strains of Mycobacterium microti, overexpressing Ag85B (Rv1886c) and PstS-1 (Rv0934) antigens of M. tuberculosis. For each strain, the glycosylation profile was determined by Western blotting with lectins. The results showed the presence of mannosylated proteins and evidence of linked sialic acid proteins. Interestingly, different proteome and glycoproteome profiles were observed between the two recombinant strains and the wild-type strain. We have shown here that the construction of the recombinant strains of M. microti has altered the proteome and glycosylation profiles of these strains, leading us to ask what impact these changes might have on the immune response.
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9
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Enhanced immunogenicity of Mycobacterium bovis BCG through CRISPRi mediated depletion of AftC. Cell Surf 2022; 8:100088. [PMID: 36405350 PMCID: PMC9651938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the disease tuberculosis and affects a third of the world’s population. The recent COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the situation with a projected 27% increase in tuberculosis related deaths. M. tuberculosis has an elaborate cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids which shield the bacilli from the toxic bactericidal milieu within phagocytes. Amongst, the numerous glycosyltransferase enzymes involved in mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis, arabinofuranosyltransferase C (aftC) is responsible for the branching of the arabinan domain in both arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan. Using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats interference (CRISPRi) we have generated aftC knockdowns in Mycobacterium bovis BCG and demonstrated the generation of a truncated, immunogenic lipoarabinomannan within its cell envelope. The aftC depleted BCG mutants were unable to form characteristic mycobacterial pellicular biofilms and elicit a potent immunostimulatory phenotype compared to wild type M. bovis BCG in a THP1 cell line. This study paves the way to further explore novel BCG mutants as promising vaccine boosters in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis.
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10
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Yao Q, Xie Y, Xu D, Qu Z, Wu J, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Xiong H, Zhang XL. Lnc-EST12, which is negatively regulated by mycobacterial EST12, suppresses antimycobacterial innate immunity through its interaction with FUBP3. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:883-897. [PMID: 35637281 PMCID: PMC9149337 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of intracellular pathogens. However, the role and mechanism of the important lncRNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection remain largely unexplored. Recently, we found that a secreted M.tb Rv1579c (an early secreted target with a molecular weight of 12 kDa, named EST12) protein activates NLRP3-gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and plays a pivotal role in M.tb-induced immunity. In the present study, M.tb and the EST12 protein negatively regulated the expression of a key lncRNA (named lnc-EST12) in mouse macrophages by activating the JAK2-STAT5a signaling pathway. Lnc-EST12, with a size of 1583 bp, is mainly expressed in immune-related organs (liver, lung and spleen). Lnc-EST12 not only reduces the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL5/8 but also suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD pyroptosis-IL-1β immune pathway through its interaction with the transcription factor far upstream element-binding protein 3 (FUBP3). The KH3 and KH4 domains of FUBP3 are the critical sites for binding to lnc-EST12. Deficiency of mouse lnc-EST12 or FUBP3 in macrophages increased M.tb clearance and inflammation in mouse macrophages or mice. In conclusion, we report a new immunoregulatory mechanism in which mouse lnc-EST12 negatively regulates anti-M.tb innate immunity through FUBP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Yao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Zilu Qu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Wei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Dou Y, Xie Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Xu D, Wei Y, Li Y, Zhang XL. Host MKRN1-Mediated Mycobacterial PPE Protein Ubiquitination Suppresses Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880315. [PMID: 35603194 PMCID: PMC9114769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), as an important intracellular pathogen, can invade and survive in macrophages and is capable of escaping the clearance of immune system. Despite decades of research efforts, the precise mechanism of immune escape and the virulence factors encoded by Mtb involved remain to be explored. Mtb-specific genomic regions of deletion (RD)-encoded proteins and PE/PPE family proteins have been implicated in immune evasion. Here, we screened more than forty RD-encoded proteins which might be involved in facilitating bacterial survival in macrophages, and found that a Mtb PPE68/Rv3873 protein, encoded by Mtb-RD1, is essential for efficient Mtb intracellular survival in macrophages. In terms of mechanism, we found that the ubiquitin ligase (E3) Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 (MKRN1) of macrophage interacted with PPE68 and promoted the attachment of lysine (K)-63-linked ubiquitin chains to the K166 site of PPE68. K63-ubiquitination of PPE68 further bound src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) to suppress K63-linked polyubiquitin chains of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and then remarkably suppressed TRAF6-driven NF-κB and AP-1 signaling and TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production. We demonstrate that the K63-linked ubiquitination of PPE68 by MKRN1 contributed to the PPE68-mediated mycobacterial immune escape. Our finding identifies a previously unrecognized mechanism by which host MKRN1-mediated-ubiquitination of mycobacterial PPE protein suppresses innate immune responses. Disturbing the interaction between host MKRN1 ubiquitin system and mycobacterial PPE protein might be a potential therapeutic target for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Dou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Wei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yongshuai Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
- Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Liu H, Gui X, Chen S, Fu W, Li X, Xiao T, Hou J, Jiang T. Structural Variability of Lipoarabinomannan Modulates Innate Immune Responses within Infected Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030361. [PMID: 35159170 PMCID: PMC8834380 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is an intracellular pathogen persisting in phagosomes that has the ability to escape host immune surveillance causing tuberculosis (TB). Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), as a glycolipid, is one of the complex outermost components of the mycobacterial cell envelope and plays a critical role in modulating host responses during M. tb infection. Different species within the Mycobacterium genus exhibit distinct LAM structures and elicit diverse innate immune responses. However, little is known about the mechanisms. In this study, we first constructed a LAM-truncated mutant with fewer arabinofuranose (Araf) residues named M. sm-ΔM_6387 (Mycobacterium smegmatis arabinosyltransferase EmbC gene knockout strain). It exhibited some prominent cell wall defects, including tardiness of mycobacterial migration, loss of acid-fast staining, and increased cell wall permeability. Within alveolar epithelial cells (A549) infected by M. sm-ΔM_6387, the uptake rate was lower, phagosomes with bacterial degradation appeared, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) recruitment was enhanced compared to wild type Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis). We further confirmed that the variability in the removal capability of M. sm-ΔM_6387 resulted from host cell responses rather than the changes in the mycobacterial cell envelope. Moreover, we found that M. sm-ΔM_6387 or its glycolipid extracts significantly induced expression changes in some genes related to innate immune responses, including Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), class A scavenger receptor (SR-A), Rubicon, LC3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Bcl-2, and Bax. Therefore, our studies suggest that nonpathogenic M. smegmatis can deposit LC3 on phagosomal membranes, and the decrease in the quantity of Araf residues for LAM molecules not only impacts mycobacterial cell wall integrity but also enhances host defense responses against the intracellular pathogens and decreases phagocytosis of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Xuwen Gui
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Shixing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Microsystem, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
| | - Weizhe Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Tingyuan Xiao
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-8611-0350
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13
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Silva CS, Sundling C, Folkesson E, Fröberg G, Nobrega C, Canto-Gomes J, Chambers BJ, Lakshmikanth T, Brodin P, Bruchfeld J, Nigou J, Correia-Neves M, Källenius G. High Dimensional Immune Profiling Reveals Different Response Patterns in Active and Latent Tuberculosis Following Stimulation With Mycobacterial Glycolipids. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727300. [PMID: 34887849 PMCID: PMC8650708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) the host immune response might clear the bacteria, control its growth leading to latent tuberculosis (LTB), or fail to control its growth resulting in active TB (ATB). There is however no clear understanding of the features underlying a more or less effective response. Mtb glycolipids are abundant in the bacterial cell envelope and modulate the immune response to Mtb, but the patterns of response to glycolipids are still underexplored. To identify the CD45+ leukocyte activation landscape induced by Mtb glycolipids in peripheral blood of ATB and LTB, we performed a detailed assessment of the immune response of PBMCs to the Mtb glycolipids lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its biosynthetic precursor phosphatidyl-inositol mannoside (PIM), and purified-protein derivate (PPD). At 24 h of stimulation, cell profiling and secretome analysis was done using mass cytometry and high-multiplex immunoassay. PIM induced a diverse cytokine response, mainly affecting antigen-presenting cells to produce both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, but not IFN-γ, contrasting with PPD that was a strong inducer of IFN-γ. The effect of PIM on the antigen-presenting cells was partly TLR2-dependent. Expansion of monocyte subsets in response to PIM or LAM was reduced primarily in LTB as compared to healthy controls, suggesting a hyporesponsive/tolerance pattern derived from Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Folkesson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Fröberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Nobrega
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Canto-Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Benedict J Chambers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Bruchfeld
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Nigou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Jiang H, Cui B, Zhang J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigen-induced upregulation of interleukin-35 expression in patients with MTB infection: In vitro blockade of the effects of interleukin-35 on T lymphocyte subsets. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6318859. [PMID: 34245560 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive interleukin-35 (IL-35) serum concentrations were analyzed in patients with active pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections (PTB), PTB patients after two months treatment (stable PTB) and healthy controls. IL-35 concentrations were highest in active PTB followed by stable PTB cases and lowest in healthy control participants (all P < 0.01). The same trents were found for supernatants of isolated blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with additional enhancements after MTB antigen stimulation only for PBMCs of active and stable PTB patients (P < 0.001), for EBI3 and IL-12a transcriptions in PBMCs (P < 0.001) and percentages of EBI3 expressing (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+) regulatory T cells (Treg) (P < 0.001). IL-35 antibody applications significantly reversed MTB antigen stimulated IL-35 and IL-10 expression in PBMCs of active and stable PTB patients, and reduced Foxp3 expression in CD4 + CD25 + cells and EBI3 expression in Treg cells, but had no effects on healthy control cells. The percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells in CD4 + cells were enhanced after MTB antigen stimulation of cells taken from active and stable PTB patients, which were partly increased only for Th1 cells after IL-35 antibody exposure. MTB antigen-driven upregulation of IL-35 may lead to reduced immune surveillance in PTB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Beinian Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai DeltaHealth Hospital. No. 109 Xule Road, Xujing Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai DeltaHealth Hospital. No. 109 Xule Road, Xujing Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201702, China
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15
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Flores J, Cancino JC, Chavez-Galan L. Lipoarabinomannan as a Point-of-Care Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: How Far Are We to Use It? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638047. [PMID: 33935997 PMCID: PMC8081860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a severe public health problem; the current diagnostic tests have limitations that delay treatment onset. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a glycolipid that is a component of the cell wall of the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of TB. This glycolipid is excreted as a soluble form in urine. The World Health Organization has established that the design of new TB diagnostic methods is one of the priorities within the EndTB Strategy. LAM has been suggested as a biomarker to develop diagnostic tests based on its identification in urine, and it is one of the most prominent candidates to develop point-of-care diagnostic test because urine samples can be easily collected. Moreover, LAM can regulate the immune response in the host and can be found in the serum of TB patients, where it probably affects a wide variety of host cell populations, consequently influencing the quality of both innate and adaptive immune responses during TB infection. Here, we revised the evidence that supports that LAM could be used as a tool for the development of new point-of-care tests for TB diagnosis, and we discussed the mechanisms that could contribute to the low sensitivity of diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino
- Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Department of Microbiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Qaradakhi T, Ali B, Zulli A, Apostolopoulos V. Can SARS-CoV-2 Virus Use Multiple Receptors to Enter Host Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:992. [PMID: 33498183 PMCID: PMC7863934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVD-19), represents a catastrophic threat to global health. Protruding from the viral surface is a densely glycosylated spike (S) protein, which engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to mediate host cell entry. However, studies have reported viral susceptibility in intra- and extrapulmonary immune and non-immune cells lacking ACE2, suggesting that the S protein may exploit additional receptors for infection. Studies have demonstrated interactions between S protein and innate immune system, including C-lectin type receptors (CLR), toll-like receptors (TLR) and neuropilin-1 (NRP1), and the non-immune receptor glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Recognition of carbohydrate moieties clustered on the surface of the S protein may drive receptor-dependent internalization, accentuate severe immunopathological inflammation, and allow for systemic spread of infection, independent of ACE2. Furthermore, targeting TLRs, CLRs, and other receptors (Ezrin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4) that do not directly engage SARS-CoV-2 S protein, but may contribute to augmented anti-viral immunity and viral clearance, may represent therapeutic targets against COVID-19.
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17
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Natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine adjuvants and their mechanisms of action. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:197-216. [PMID: 37117529 PMCID: PMC7829660 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Modern subunit vaccines based on homogeneous antigens offer more precise targeting and improved safety compared with traditional whole-pathogen vaccines. However, they are also less immunogenic and require an adjuvant to increase the immunogenicity of the antigen and potentiate the immune response. Unfortunately, few adjuvants have sufficient potency and low enough toxicity for clinical use, highlighting the urgent need for new, potent and safe adjuvants. Notably, a number of natural and synthetic carbohydrate structures have been used as adjuvants in clinical trials, and two have recently been approved in human vaccines. However, naturally derived carbohydrate adjuvants are heterogeneous, difficult to obtain and, in some cases, unstable. In addition, their molecular mechanisms of action are generally not fully understood, partly owing to the lack of tools to elucidate their immune-potentiating effects, thus hampering the rational development of optimized adjuvants. To address these challenges, modification of the natural product structure using synthetic chemistry emerges as an attractive approach to develop well-defined, improved carbohydrate-containing adjuvants and chemical probes for mechanistic investigation. This Review describes selected examples of natural and synthetic carbohydrate-based adjuvants and their application in synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccines, while also discussing current understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action.
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18
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Zhang XL, Qu H. The Role of Glycosylation in Infectious Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:219-237. [PMID: 34495538 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays an important role in infectious diseases. Many important interactions between pathogens and hosts involve their carbohydrate structures (glycans). Glycan interactions can mediate adhesion, recognition, invasion, and immune evasion of pathogens. To date, changes in many protein N/O-linked glycosylation have been identified as biomarkers for the development of infectious diseases and cancers. In this review, we will discuss the principal findings and the roles of glycosylation of both pathogens and host cells in the context of human important infectious diseases. Understanding the role and mechanism of glycan-lectin interaction between pathogens and hosts may create a new paradigm for discovering novel glycan-based therapies that can lead to eradication or functional cure of pathogens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haoran Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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19
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Pellegrini JM, Sabbione F, Morelli MP, Tateosian NL, Castello FA, Amiano NO, Palmero D, Levi A, Ciallella L, Colombo MI, Trevani AS, García VE. Neutrophil autophagy during human active tuberculosis is modulated by SLAMF1. Autophagy 2020; 17:2629-2638. [PMID: 32954947 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1825273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) predominate in tuberculosis patients' lungs. Neutrophils phagocytose the pathogen, but the mechanism of pathogen elimination is controversial. Macroautophagy/autophagy, a crucial mechanism for several neutrophil functions, can be modulated by immunological mediators. The costimulatory molecule SLAMF1 can act as a microbial sensor in macrophages being also able to interact with autophagy-related proteins. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that human neutrophils express SLAMF1 upon Mtb-stimulation. Furthermore, SLAMF1 was found colocalizing with LC3B+ vesicles, and activation of SLAMF1 increased neutrophil autophagy induced by Mtb. Finally, tuberculosis patients' neutrophils displayed reduced levels of SLAMF1 and lower levels of autophagy against Mtb as compared to healthy controls. Altogether, these results indicate that SLAMF1 participates in neutrophil autophagy during active tuberculosis.Abbreviations: AFB: acid-fast bacilli; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DPI: diphenyleneiodonium; EVs: extracellular vesicles; FBS: fetal bovine serum; HD: healthy donors; HR: high responder (tuberculosis patient); IFNG: interferon gamma; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; IL17A: interleukin 17A; IL8: interleukin 8; LR: low responder (tuberculosis patient); mAb: monoclonal antibody; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MAPK14/p38: mitogen-activated protein kinase 14; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mtb-Ag: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Strain H37Rv, whole cell lysate; NETs: neutrophils extracellular traps; PPD: purified protein derivative; ROS: reactive oxygen species; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; SLAMF1: signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1; TB: tuberculosis; TLR: toll like receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET,Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Morelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Liliana Tateosian
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Andrea Castello
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Oscar Amiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domingo Palmero
- Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Levi
- Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Ciallella
- Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Analía Silvina Trevani
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET,Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Edith García
- Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Qu Z, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Xie Y, Jiang Y, Wu J, Luo Z, Liu G, Yin L, Zhang XL. Mycobacterial EST12 activates a RACK1-NLRP3-gasdermin D pyroptosis-IL-1β immune pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eaba4733. [PMID: 33097533 PMCID: PMC7608829 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in eliminating pathogenic infections. However, macrophage pyroptosis-related proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) have largely gone unexplored. Here, we identified a cell pyroptosis-inducing protein, Rv1579c, named EST12, secreted from the M.tb H37Rv region of difference 3. EST12 binds to the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) in macrophages, and the EST12-RACK1 complex recruits the deubiquitinase UCHL5 to promote the K48-linked deubiquitination of NLRP3, subsequently leading to an NLRP3 inflammasome caspase-1/11-pyroptosis gasdermin D-interleukin-1β immune process. Analysis of the crystal structure of EST12 reveals that the amino acid Y80 acts as a critical binding site for RACK1. An EST12-deficient strain (H37RvΔEST12) displayed higher susceptibility to M.tb infection in vitro and in vivo. These results provide the first proof that RACK1 acts as an endogenous host sensor for pathogens and that EST12-RACK1-induced pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in M.tb-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Qu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zuoqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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21
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Chen C, Xu H, Peng Y, Luo H, Huang GX, Wu XJ, Dai YC, Luo HL, Zhang JA, Zheng BY, Zhang XN, Chen ZW, Xu JF. Elevation in the counts of IL-35-producing B cells infiltrating into lung tissue in mycobacterial infection is associated with the downregulation of Th1/Th17 and upregulation of Foxp3 +Treg. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13212. [PMID: 32764544 PMCID: PMC7411070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-35 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and is thought to be produced by regulatory T (Treg) cells. A previous study found that IL-35 was upregulated in the serum of patients with active tuberculosis (ATB), and IL-35-producing B cells infiltrated to tuberculous granuloma of patients with ATB. Purified B cells from such patients generated more IL-35 after stimulation by antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and secreted more IL-10. However, the function and the underlying mechanisms of IL-35-producing B cells in TB progression have not been investigated. The present study found that the expression of mRNA of IL-35 subsets Ebi3 and p35 was elevated in mononuclear cells from peripheral blood, spleen, bone marrow, and lung tissue in a mouse model infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, as tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Accordingly, the flow cytometry analysis showed that the counts of a subset of IL-35+ B cells were elevated in the circulating blood and in the spleen, bone marrow, and lung tissue in BCG-infected mice, whereas anti-TB therapy reduced IL-35-producing B cells. Interestingly, BCG infection could drive the infiltration of IL-35-producing B cells into the lung tissue, and the elevated counts of IL-35-producing B cells positively correlated with the bacterial load in the lungs. Importantly, the injection of exogenous IL-35 stimulated the elevation in the counts of IL-35-producing B cells and was associated with the downregulation of Th1/Th17 and upregulation of Foxp3+Treg.The study showed that a subset of IL-35-producing B cells might take part in the downregulation of immune response in mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China.,Molecular Diagnostic Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Gui-Xian Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xian-Jin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, No. 41 North Eling Road, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - You-Chao Dai
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hou-Long Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jun-Ai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Bi-Ying Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiang-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical School, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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22
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Fighting Persistence: How Chronic Infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Evade T Cell-Mediated Clearance and New Strategies To Defeat Them. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00916-19. [PMID: 32094248 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00916-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic bacterial infections are caused by pathogens that persist within their hosts and avoid clearance by the immune system. Treatment and/or detection of such pathogens is difficult, and the resulting pathologies are often deleterious or fatal. There is an urgent need to develop protective vaccines and host-directed therapies that synergize with antibiotics to prevent pathogen persistence and infection-associated pathologies. However, many persistent pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, actively target the very host pathways activated by vaccination. These immune evasion tactics blunt the effectiveness of immunization strategies and are impeding progress to control these infections throughout the world. Therefore, it is essential that M. tuberculosis immune evasion-related pathogen virulence strategies are considered to maximize the effectiveness of potential new treatments. In this review, we focus on how Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects antigen-presenting cells and evades effective immune clearance by the adaptive response through (i) manipulating antigen presentation, (ii) repressing T cell-activating costimulatory molecules, and (iii) inducing ligands that drive T cell exhaustion. In this context, we will examine the challenges that bacterial virulence strategies pose to developing new vaccines. We will then discuss new approaches that will help dissect M. tuberculosis immune evasion mechanisms and devise strategies to bypass them to promote long-term protection and prevent disease progression.
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23
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Liu M, Chen HY, Luo L, Wang Y, Zhang D, Song N, Wang FB, Li Q, Zhang XL, Pan Q. Neutralization of IL-10 produced by B cells promotes protective immunity during persistent HCV infection in humanized mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1350-1361. [PMID: 32339264 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic HCV infection can lead to cirrhosis and is associated with increased mortality. Interleukin (IL)-10-producing B cells (B10 cells) are regulatory cells that suppress cellular immune responses. Here, we aimed to determine whether HCV induces B10 cells and assess the roles of the B10 cells during HCV infection. HCV-induced B10 cells were enriched in CD19hi and CD1dhi CD5+ cell populations. HCV predominantly triggered the TLR2-MyD88-NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways to drive IL-10 production by B cells. In a humanized murine model of persistent HCV infection, to neutralize IL-10 produced by B10 cells, mice were treated with pcCD19scFv-IL-10R, which contains the genes coding the anti-CD19 single-chain variable fragment (CD19scFv) and the extracellular domain of IL-10 receptor alpha chain (sIL-10Ra). This treatment resulted in significant reduction of B10 cells in spleen and liver, increase of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses against HCV, and low viral loads in infected humanized mice. Our results indicate that targeting B10 cells via neutralization of IL-10 may offer a novel strategy to enhance anti-HCV immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Yu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongli Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Neng Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Bing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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24
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Chai Q, Lu Z, Liu CH. Host defense mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1859-1878. [PMID: 31720742 PMCID: PMC11104961 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious pathogen. Mtb is a paradigmatic intracellular pathogen that primarily invades the lungs after host inhalation of bacteria-containing droplets via the airway. However, the majority of Mtb-exposed individuals can spontaneously control the infection by virtue of a robust immune defense system. The mucosal barriers of the respiratory tract shape the first-line defense against Mtb through various mucosal immune responses. After arriving at the alveoli, the surviving mycobacteria further encounter a set of host innate immune cells that exert multiple cellular bactericidal functions. Adaptive immunity, predominantly mediated by a range of different T cell and B cell subsets, is subsequently activated and participates in host anti-mycobacterial defense. During Mtb infection, host bactericidal immune responses are exquisitely adjusted and balanced by multifaceted mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic regulation, metabolic regulation and neuroendocrine regulation, which are indispensable for maintaining host immune efficiency and avoiding excessive tissue injury. A better understanding of the integrated and equilibrated host immune defense system against Mtb will contribute to the development of rational TB treatment regimens especially novel host-directed therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhe Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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25
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Zhou KL, Li X, Zhang XL, Pan Q. Mycobacterial mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan: a modulator bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1168-1177. [PMID: 31379262 PMCID: PMC6713153 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1649097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) is a high molecular mass amphipathic lipoglycan identified in pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) and M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). ManLAM, serves as both an immunogen and a modulator of the host immune system, and its critical role in mycobacterial survival during infection has been well-characterized. ManLAM can be recognized by various types of receptors on both innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer T (NKT) cells, T cells and B cells. MamLAM has been shown to affect phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation, T cell activation and polarization, as well as antibody production. Exploring the mechanisms underlying the roles of ManLAM during mycobacterial infection will aid in improving tuberculosis (TB) prevention, diagnosis and treatment interventions. In this review, we highlight the interaction between ManLAM and receptors, intracellular signalling pathways triggered by ManLAM and its roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Liang Zhou
- a State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institue, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan , People's Republic of China.,b The eighth hospital of Wuhan , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institue, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institue, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Pan
- a State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institue, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology and Department of Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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26
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Yuan CH, Li X, Luo L, Wang YP, Zhang DL, Zhou KL, Zhang XL, Pan Q. Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan-induced B10 cells decrease severity of dextran sodium sulphate-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Scand J Immunol 2019; 91:e12843. [PMID: 31657484 PMCID: PMC7050505 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, non‐specific, inflammatory gastrointestinal disease that mainly consists of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD are still unclear. B10 (IL‐10 producing regulatory B) cells, a subset of regulatory B cells, are known to contribute to intestinal homeostasis and the aberrant frequency of B10 cells is associated with IBD. We have recently reported that B10 cells can be induced by ManLAM (mannose‐capped lipoarabinomannan), a major cell‐wall lipoglycan of M tb (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). In the current study, the ManLAM‐induced B10 cells were adoptively transferred into IL(interleukin)‐10−/− mice and the roles of ManLAM‐induced B10 cells were investigated in DSS (dextran sodium sulphate)‐induced IBD model. ManLAM‐induced B10 cells decrease colitis severity in the mice. The B10 cells downregulate Th1 polarization in spleen and MLNs (mesenteric lymph nodes) of DSS‐treated mice. These results suggest that IL‐10 production by ManLAM‐treated B cells contributes to keeping the balance between CD4+ T cell subsets and protect mice from DSS‐induced IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Li Zhang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Virology and Medical Research Institute, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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27
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Yuan CH, Zhang S, Xiang F, Gong H, Wang Q, Chen Y, Luo W. Secreted Rv1768 From RD14 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Activates Macrophages and Induces a Strong IFN-γ-Releasing of CD4 + T Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:341. [PMID: 31681622 PMCID: PMC6802416 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first line defensive mediators against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, macrophages can be modulated by M.tb to influence innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, we have identified several potential immunodominant T-cell antigens from the region of deletion (RD) of M.tb H37Rv, including Rv1768 from RD14. In this study, we further determined that Rv1768 was highly conserved among virulent M.tb strains and mainly distributed as a secreted protein. Exposure to recombinant purified Rv1768 (rRv1768) induced apoptosis of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) but showed no dose-dependent manner. Regarding macrophage activation, significant higher levels of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines (like IL-6 and TNF-α) were detected in rRv1768-challenged BMDMs, whereas arginase 1 (Arg1) expression was markedly decreased. Meanwhile, MHC-II expression and antigen presentation activity of BMDMs were also enhanced by rRv1768 stimulation, leading to significantly increased IFN-γ expression of CD4+ T cells isolated from H37Rv-infected mice. It is worthy to note that Rv1768-induced IFN-γ production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and Rv1768-specific immunoglobulins was specifically observed in H37Rv-infected mice, but not BCG-infected or normal mice. Analysis of clinical blood samples further revealed that Rv1768 had a higher sensitivity and specificity (91.38 and 96.83%) for tuberculosis diagnosis than the results obtained from clinical CFP10 and ESAT6 peptides (CE)-based enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. The area under ROC curve of Rv1768 was 0.9618 (95% CI: 0.919–1.000) when cutoff value set as 7 spots. In addition, Rv1768-specific IgG and IgM also exhibited moderate diagnostic performance for tuberculosis compared with CE specific antibodies. Our data suggest that Rv1768 is an antigen that strongly activates macrophages and has potential to serve as a novel ELISPOT-based TB diagnostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiyan Xiang
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjian Gong
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious, Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Pathology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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28
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Correia-Neves M, Sundling C, Cooper A, Källenius G. Lipoarabinomannan in Active and Passive Protection Against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1968. [PMID: 31572351 PMCID: PMC6749014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are important immunomodulators in tuberculosis. In particular, lipoarabinomannan (LAM) has a profound effect on the innate immune response. LAM and its structural variants can be recognized by and activate human CD1b-restricted T cells, and emerging evidence indicates that B cells and antibodies against LAM can modulate the immune response to Mtb. Anti-LAM antibodies are induced during Mtb infection and after bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, and monoclonal antibodies against LAM have been shown to confer protection by passive administration in mice and guinea pigs. In this review, we describe the immune response against LAM and the potential use of the mannose-capped arabinan moiety of LAM in the construction of vaccine candidates against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group (LTBRG), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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