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Bello KO, Irekhore OT, Adeitan OO, Yusuf AO, Bada BS. Physiological Response, Haematology and Stress Condition of Scavenging Chickens in Cement Production Areas. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2024; 27:21-32. [PMID: 35034535 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.2021531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological and stress indices of scavenging chickens in LAFARGE and Dangote cement factories located at Ewekoro and Ibese, respectively and respective adjourning communities of Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred adult scavenging chickens comprising of 25 from each location were used. The birds were caught at night on their perch and kept in furnished cages till the next morning. Data were collected on their rectal temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate . Also 5 mL blood was collected through the wing vein of each chicken. Highest (p < 0.05) pulse rate (215.64 beat/minute) and respiratory rate (19.90 breath/minute) were recorded among the chickens at LAFARGE area. Highest (p < 0.05) packed cell volume (28.06%), hemoglobin (4.01 g/dL), monocyte (4.28%) and glucose (256.53 g/dL) were recorded among ones at Ibese (Dangote). White blood cell (6488.89 × 103µL) was highest (p < 0.05) in chickens at Ewekoro (LAFARGE). The study concluded that cement factories infringe on health status of scavenging chickens in the domains. Effective environmental mitigation programme should be put in place for enhanced welfare of the birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem O Bello
- Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi T Irekhore
- Agricultural Media and Extension Centre, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Onaopepo O Adeitan
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Azeez O Yusuf
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde S Bada
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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2
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Jesenak M, Diamant Z, Simon D, Tufvesson E, Seys SF, Mukherjee M, Lacy P, Vijverberg S, Slisz T, Sediva A, Simon HU, Striz I, Plevkova J, Schwarze J, Kosturiak R, Alexis NE, Untersmayr E, Vasakova MK, Knol E, Koenderman L. Eosinophils-from cradle to grave: An EAACI task force paper on new molecular insights and clinical functions of eosinophils and the clinical effects of targeted eosinophil depletion. Allergy 2023; 78:3077-3102. [PMID: 37702095 DOI: 10.1111/all.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, eosinophils have become a focus of scientific interest, especially in the context of their recently uncovered functions (e.g. antiviral, anti-inflammatory, regulatory). These versatile cells display both beneficial and detrimental activities under various physiological and pathological conditions. Eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases which can be classified into primary (clonal) and secondary (reactive) disorders and idiopathic (hyper)eosinophilic syndromes. Depending on the biological specimen, the eosinophil count in different body compartments may serve as a biomarker reflecting the underlying pathophysiology and/or activity of distinct diseases and as a therapy-driving (predictive) and monitoring tool. Personalized selection of an appropriate therapeutic strategy directly or indirectly targeting the increased number and/or activity of eosinophils should be based on the understanding of eosinophil homeostasis including their interactions with other immune and non-immune cells within different body compartments. Hence, restoring as well as maintaining homeostasis within an individual's eosinophil pool is a goal of both specific and non-specific eosinophil-targeting therapies. Despite the overall favourable safety profile of the currently available anti-eosinophil biologics, the effect of eosinophil depletion should be monitored from the perspective of possible unwanted consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Jesenak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department Microbiology Immunology & Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven F Seys
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manali Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige Lacy
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susanne Vijverberg
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Slisz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Ilja Striz
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Immunology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Plevkova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health and Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Radovan Kosturiak
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak Republic
- Outpatient Clinic for Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Koziar Vasakova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edward Knol
- Department Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Valent P, Klion AD, Roufosse F, Simon D, Metzgeroth G, Leiferman KM, Schwaab J, Butterfield JH, Sperr WR, Sotlar K, Vandenberghe P, Hoermann G, Haferlach T, Moriggl R, George TI, Akin C, Bochner BS, Gotlib J, Reiter A, Horny HP, Arock M, Simon HU, Gleich GJ. Proposed refined diagnostic criteria and classification of eosinophil disorders and related syndromes. Allergy 2023; 78:47-59. [PMID: 36207764 PMCID: PMC9797433 DOI: 10.1111/all.15544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilia and eosinophil activation are recurrent features in various reactive states and certain hematologic malignancies. In patients with hypereosinophilia (HE), HE-induced organ damage is often encountered and may lead to the diagnosis of a hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). A number of known mechanisms and etiologies contribute to the development of HE and HES. Based on these etiologies and the origin of eosinophils, HE and HES are divided into primary forms where eosinophils are clonal cells, reactive forms where an underlying reactive or neoplastic condition is detected and eosinophils are considered to be "non-clonal" cells, and idiopathic HE and HES in which neither a clonal nor a reactive underlying pathology is detected. Since 2012, this classification and the related criteria have been widely accepted and regarded as standard. However, during the past few years, new developments in the field and an increasing number of markers and targets have created a need to update these criteria and the classification of HE and HES. To address this challenge, a Working Conference on eosinophil disorders was organized in 2021. In this conference, a panel of experts representing the relevant fields, including allergy, dermatology, hematology, immunology, laboratory medicine, and pathology, met and discussed new markers and concepts as well as refinements in definitions, criteria and classifications of HE and HES. The outcomes of this conference are presented in this article and should assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with HE and HES in daily practice and in the preparation and conduct of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Correspondence: Peter Valent, M.D. Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Phone: 43 1 40400 4415; Fax: 43 1 40040 4030,
| | - Amy D. Klion
- Human Eosinophil Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIH/NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Florence Roufosse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Metzgeroth
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim - Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Juliana Schwaab
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim - Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang R. Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Vandenberghe
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tracy I. George
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim - Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Gerald J. Gleich
- Departments of Dermatology and Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Valent P. Mepolizumab in Hypereosinophilic Syndromes: Proposed Therapeutic Algorithm. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2375-2377. [PMID: 36087944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Dellon ES, Simon D, Wechsler ME. Controversies in Allergy: The Potential Role of Biologics as First-Line Therapy in Eosinophilic Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1169-1176. [PMID: 35167955 PMCID: PMC9086115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With advances in understanding the role of eosinophils in disease pathogenesis, particularly in the airways, gastrointestinal tract, and skin, targeting eosinophils or the cytokines that lead to their production, activation, and survival has become an increasingly pursued therapeutic approach. Newly developed biologic agents target eosinophils directly, other cells interacting with or activating eosinophils, or cytokines in the type 2 inflammatory pathway with specific antibodies. Current treatment paradigms reserve therapy with biologics for patients refractory to or intolerant of corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. Given accumulating data for safety and efficacy of these biologics, however, there is the question of whether targeted treatments should be used earlier in the treatment algorithm. In this article, we discuss the pros and cons of using biologics as first-line therapy for eosinophilic diseases of the airways, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. We highlight emerging biologic agents and future directions for research, as well as a rationale for the early use of some biologics to prevent tissue damage, disease progression, and organ dysfunction in selected conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan S Dellon
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, and Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael E Wechsler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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Radonjic-Hoesli S, Martignoni Z, Cazzaniga S, Furrer DI, Simon HU, Bürgler C, Simon D. Characteristics of Dermatological Patients With Blood Eosinophilia: A Retrospective Analysis of 453 Patients. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1229-1237.e8. [PMID: 35247633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin diseases associated with blood or tissue eosinophilia are common. Because these have various clinical manifestations, making the correct diagnosis can be challenging. So far, dermatological patients with concomitant blood eosinophilia have not been characterized. OBJECTIVE To investigate patterns of dermatological patients with concomitant blood eosinophilia to obtain information helpful for optimizing disease management. METHODS In this retrospective study, demographic and clinical data and diagnostic test results of all patients presenting with dermatoses associated with blood eosinophilia referred to a university center from 2014 to 2018 were extracted from the electronic patient charts and evaluated using descriptive and semantic map analyses. RESULTS A total of 453 patients (51.4% females; mean age, 58.4 ± 21.7 years) were included and grouped according to blood absolute eosinophil counts: severe, greater than or equal to 1.5 G/L (n = 87; 19.2%); moderate, 1.0 to 1.49 G/L (n = 73; 16.1%); and mild eosinophilia, 0.5 to 0.99 G/L (n = 293; 64.7%). Most patients presented with chronic (64.6%), generalized skin lesions (75.9%), and pruritus (88.1%). Statistical analyses revealed 3 distinct patterns: (1) mild eosinophilia associated with localized skin disease, age less than 50 years, history of atopy, and diagnosis of eczema or infectious disease; (2) moderate eosinophilia linked to generalized skin lesions, pruritus, age more than 70 years, and autoimmune bullous disease; and (3) severe eosinophilia associated with diagnosis of hypereosinophilic syndromes, drug hypersensitivity, or malignant disease. CONCLUSIONS Based on the pattern analysis of patients with dermatoses associated with blood eosinophilia, a diagnostic workup has been developed aiming at setting the correct differential diagnosis in a feasible and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Radonjic-Hoesli
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zora Martignoni
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Cazzaniga
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Dominique Isabel Furrer
- Insel Data Science Center, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christina Bürgler
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Bhasi A, Patnaik I, Panda PK, Singh A. Hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting as eosinophilic gastroenteritis disorder and splinter hemorrhages: A case report. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2022; 13:23-29. [PMID: 35433097 PMCID: PMC8968508 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v13.i2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilia and related organ damage are extensively studied hot topics among rare disorders. Any addition to the cohort of available case reports of the same will be adding knowledge for better management of this less known entity.
CASE SUMMARY In this article, we describe a 27-year-old Indo-Aryan man who presented with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and loose stools for variable days. He had splinter hemorrhages in the majority of fingernails. He was diagnosed with predominant eosinophilic gastrointestinal involvement with bowel obstruction and ascites, and was managed with intravenous immunoglobulin. He was subsequently treated with oral low dose steroid therapy and responded completely.
CONCLUSION Our experience is evidence that prompt management of this hypereosinophilic lethal gastrointestinal (all three layers) infiltrative disease provides a cure and avoids complications. Splinter nail hemorrhages may be seen in the same disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankith Bhasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Itish Patnaik
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
| | - Prasan Kumar Panda
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Singh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
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History of Allergy: Clinical Descriptions, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 268:3-19. [PMID: 34424388 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergy has shown a dramatic increase in prevalence in the last decades. However, allergic diseases are probably not new. Asthma and eczema have been described in ancient societies like Egypt, China and in the Greco-Roman culture. In the middle-ages descriptions of hay fever can be found in Persian-Arabian literature (called "rose fever"). Scientific allergology started in the nineteenth century with descriptions of hay fever and experimental studies showing pollen as elicitors. Milestones in the twentieth century comprise the description of anaphylaxis, the creation of the terms "allergy" and "atopy", the Prausnitz-Küstner test and finally the discovery of IgE and the development of the Radio-Allergo-Sorbent-Test (RAST) for routine detection of specific IgE antibodies. Progress in cellular immunology led to the description of T-cell subsets Th1 and Th2. Mast cell and basophil research progressed since the first description to histamine release studies. Leukotrienes were detected. Pharmacotherapy started in the early twentieth century with adrenaline (epinephrine) followed by antihistamines and cortisone. Allergen-specific immunotherapy was introduced. Epidemiologic studies pointed to a role of environmental pollutants as allergy enhancing factors and protective influences from farm environment. Through the progress in experimental allergology and immunology targeted therapeutics have been developed for various atopic conditions.
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9
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Radonjic-Hoesli S, Brüggen MC, Feldmeyer L, Simon HU, Simon D. Eosinophils in skin diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:393-409. [PMID: 34097126 PMCID: PMC8241748 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil infiltration is a common finding in a broad spectrum of skin diseases, despite the fact that the skin is devoid of eosinophils under physiologic conditions. Although cutaneous eosinophilia is reactive, cytokine-mediated in most cases, diseases with an intrinsic mutation-mediated clonal expansion of eosinophils can also manifest on the skin. As eosinophils are involved in host defense, regulate immune responses, generate pruritus, induce remodeling and fibrosis, and can cause tissue damage, they have the capacity to actively contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases. Recent research provided deeper insights in the mechanisms, e.g., bacterial and viral clearance, blister formation, recruitment of cytotoxic T cells, and generation of pruritus, by which eosinophils might come into action. This review aims at providing an overview on the clinical presentations of eosinophil-associated dermatoses and the current understanding of their pathogenic role in these diseases. Further, we discuss the effects of therapies targeting eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Radonjic-Hoesli
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Feldmeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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Valent P, Degenfeld-Schonburg L, Sadovnik I, Horny HP, Arock M, Simon HU, Reiter A, Bochner BS. Eosinophils and eosinophil-associated disorders: immunological, clinical, and molecular complexity. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:423-438. [PMID: 34052871 PMCID: PMC8164832 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils and their mediators play a crucial role in various reactive states such as bacterial and viral infections, chronic inflammatory disorders, and certain hematologic malignancies. Depending on the underlying pathology, molecular defect(s), and the cytokine- and mediator-cascades involved, peripheral blood and tissue hypereosinophilia (HE) may develop and may lead to organ dysfunction or even organ damage which usually leads to the diagnosis of a HE syndrome (HES). In some of these patients, the etiology and impact of HE remain unclear. These patients are diagnosed with idiopathic HE. In other patients, HES is diagnosed but the etiology remains unknown — these patients are classified as idiopathic HES. For patients with HES, early therapeutic application of agents reducing eosinophil counts is usually effective in avoiding irreversible organ damage. Therefore, it is important to systematically explore various diagnostic markers and to correctly identify the disease elicitors and etiology. Depending on the presence and type of underlying disease, HES are classified into primary (clonal) HES, reactive HES, and idiopathic HES. In most of these patients, effective therapies can be administered. The current article provides an overview of the pathogenesis of eosinophil-associated disorders, with special emphasis on the molecular, immunological, and clinical complexity of HE and HES. In addition, diagnostic criteria and the classification of eosinophil disorders are reviewed in light of new developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lina Degenfeld-Schonburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Germic N, Hosseini A, Yousefi S, Karaulov A, Simon HU. Regulation of eosinophil functions by autophagy. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:347-362. [PMID: 34019141 PMCID: PMC8241657 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are granule-containing leukocytes which develop in the bone marrow. For many years, eosinophils have been recognized as cytotoxic effector cells, but recent studies suggest that they perform additional immunomodulatory and homeostatic functions. Autophagy is a conserved intracellular process which preserves cellular homeostasis. Autophagy defects have been linked to the pathogenesis of many human disorders. Evidence for abnormal regulation of autophagy, including decreased or increased expression of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, has been reported in several eosinophilic inflammatory disorders, such as Crohn's disease, bronchial asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Despite the increasing extent of research using preclinical models of immune cell-specific autophagy deficiency, the physiological relevance of autophagic pathway in eosinophils has remained unknown until recently. Owing to the increasing evidence that eosinophils play a role in keeping organismal homeostasis, the regulation of eosinophil functions is of considerable interest. Here, we discuss the most recent advances on the role of autophagy in eosinophils, placing particular emphasis on insights obtained in mouse models of infections and malignant diseases in which autophagy has genetically dismantled in the eosinophil lineage. These studies pointed to the possibility that autophagy-deficient eosinophils exaggerate inflammation. Therefore, the pharmacological modulation of the autophagic pathway in these cells could be used for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Germic
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aref Hosseini
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia. .,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420012, Kazan, Russia.
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12
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Renz H, Bachert C, Berek C, Hamelmann E, Levi-Schaffer F, Raap U, Simon HU, Ploetz S, Taube C, Valent P, Voehringer D, Werfel T, Zhang N, Ring J. Physiology and pathology of eosinophils: Recent developments: Summary of the Focus Workshop Organized by DGAKI. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13032. [PMID: 33624312 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last century, eosinophils have been regarded ambiguously either as 'friends' or 'foes'. Recent developments have greatly enhanced our understanding of the role and function of eosinophils in health and disease. Pathogenic eosinophilic inflammation can lead to severe diseases in various organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, airways, heart and skin. In a 2-day focus workshop of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the state of the art was discussed and practical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic diseases, with a particular focus on new biologics, such as anti-interleukin 5 and anti-interleukin 5R, were derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory and Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Berek
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum, Ein Institut der Leibnizgemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.,Allergy Center of the Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Clinics of Dermatology and Allergy, Faculty of Medical Health and Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory and Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes Ring
- Deptment of Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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13
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Bürgler C, Guillet C, Kolm I, Theiler M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Kroiss S, Weibel L. Treatment of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis with benralizumab in a 13-year-old girl. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e401-e403. [PMID: 33594788 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Bürgler
- Pediatric Skin Center, Dermatology Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Guillet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Theiler
- Pediatric Skin Center, Dermatology Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
| | - S Kroiss
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Weibel
- Pediatric Skin Center, Dermatology Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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ATG5 promotes eosinopoiesis but inhibits eosinophil effector functions. Blood 2021; 137:2958-2969. [PMID: 33598715 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are white blood cells that contribute to the regulation of immunity and are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. In contrast to other cells of the immune system, no information is available regarding the role of autophagy in eosinophil differentiation and functions. To study the autophagic pathway in eosinophils, we generated conditional knockout mice in which Atg5 is deleted within the eosinophil lineage only (designated Atg5eoΔ mice). Eosinophilia was provoked by crossbreeding Atg5eoΔ mice with Il5 (IL-5) overexpressing transgenic mice (designated Atg5eoΔIl5tg mice). Deletion of Atg5 in eosinophils resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of mature eosinophils in blood and an increase of immature eosinophils in the bone marrow. Atg5-knockout eosinophil precursors exhibited reduced proliferation under both in vitro and in vivo conditions but no increased cell death. Moreover, reduced differentiation of eosinophils in the absence of Atg5 was also observed in mouse and human models of chronic eosinophilic leukemia. Atg5-knockout blood eosinophils exhibited augmented levels of degranulation and bacterial killing in vitro. Moreover, in an experimental in vivo model, we observed that Atg5eoΔ mice achieve better clearance of the local and systemic bacterial infection with Citrobacter rodentium. Evidence for increased degranulation of ATG5low-expressing human eosinophils was also obtained in both tissues and blood. Taken together, mouse and human eosinophil hematopoiesis and effector functions are regulated by ATG5, which controls the amplitude of overall antibacterial eosinophil immune responses.
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15
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Chernetsova E, Agarwal A, Weir A, Oltean I, Barkey J, Demellawy DE. Diagnostic Value of Mid-esophageal Biopsies in Pediatric Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:34-42. [PMID: 33496644 DOI: 10.1177/1093526620961359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is histologically defined as the presence of 15 or more intraepithelial eosinophils per high-power fields. Limited consensus exists on where to sample the esophagus in pediatrics. This study aimed to identify whether endoscopic and histologic examination of the mid esophagus offers diagnostic value compared to proximal/distal esophageal biopsies. METHODS A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with EoE was performed. Endoscopic and histologic parameters were assessed at the initial and follow-up visits, and concordance between proximal/distal biopsy and mid biopsy was determined. RESULTS A total of 100 patients with a mean age of 9.6 ± 4.07 years were included. Endoscopic parameters between proximal/distal and mid esophagus were concordant in 84% to 97% of patients (initial assessment) and in 80% to 97% of patients (at follow-up). Mid esophagus showed endoscopic abnormalities, which were absent at the proximal/distal esophagus in 1% to 5% of patients, as well as histologic abnormalities in 2% to 8% of patients overall at initial and follow-up examinations. CONCLUSIONS We recommend continued endoscopic and histologic assessment of the proximal/distal biopsy; however, examination of the mid esophagus does offer small diagnostic value in our subset of patients. Future studies need to be conducted before conclusive recommendations supporting the use of mid-esophageal biopsies can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Chernetsova
- Department of Pathology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amisha Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arielle Weir
- Department of Pathology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irina Oltean
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Barkey
- Department of Pathology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dina El Demellawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Butterfield JH. Successful Long-Term Control of the Syndrome of Episodic Angioedema With Eosinophilia (Gleich Syndrome) With Low-Dose Imatinib Mesylate and Prednisone. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021; 9:2324709620987691. [PMID: 33459036 PMCID: PMC7816523 DOI: 10.1177/2324709620987691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The syndrome of episodic angioedema with eosinophilia, first reported over 40 years ago, is a hypereosinophilic disorder that, uniquely, is not associated with end-organ pathology. However, patients develop a constellation of symptoms that include angioedema, urticaria, fatigue, and fever. Episodes are accompanied by massive hypereosinophilia and weight gain. Type II serum cytokine levels (IL-5, IL-13, IL-9, and IL-10) show cyclic variations peaking at or just prior to the peak of eosinophilia and an abnormal Th2 cell phenotype has been reported. Attacks may occur with predictable regularity and have been described in both adults and children. Glucocorticoid therapy reliably reverses symptoms with accompanying diuresis, defervesce, and normalization of the eosinophil count. In this report, a patient who had the syndrome of episodic angioedema with eosinophilia exceeding 20 years is reported. He has had no end-organ damage to date. Testing for the CHIC2 deletion, a surrogate for the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion, was negative. Use of imatinib mesylate, initially as a steroid-sparing agent, and subsequently as a maintenance medication, plus low-dose prednisone has provided long-term control of hypereosinophilia and all clinical manifestations.
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17
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Verma F, Juneja S, Tandon A, Shetty DC. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia versus tumor associated blood eosinophilia: A ratio of diagnostic importance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2020; 16:581-586. [PMID: 32719271 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_848_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes, which play a pivotal role in health and disease. Tumor Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) has long been evaluated in the diagnosis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). However, their association with Tumor Associated Blood Eosinophilia (TABE) in OSCCs is still far fetched. We, therefore, attempted to evaluate their individual roles and to achieve a ratio between TATE and TABE in order to signify its usage in objectifying the diagnosis. Materials and Methods TATE was evaluated using H and E stain per 10 high power fields in 33 previously diagnosed cases of OSCC which were retrieved from department archives. TABE values were achieved from complete blood hemogram reports of patients. TATE/TABE ratio was calculated. All the parameters were clinicopathologically correlated and statistically evaluated using SPSS. Results TATE represented higher values in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) and was least in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), whereas TABE linearly increased from WDSCC to PDSCC. TNM Stage II cases revealed the highest TATE and lowest TABE. TATE/TABE ratio was the highest in WDSCC. Conclusion Due to the dual nature of eosinophils in early and late carcinogenesis events, evaluation of only TATE might not be conclusive in determining tumor grade. Hence, in a first of its kind attempt, the TATE/TABE ratio may be suitable to achieve a criterion for the determination of tumor grade and may also help to unfold the underlying biologic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Verma
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Juneja
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Tandon
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devi Charan Shetty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, ITS-CDSR, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Roula D, Theiler A, Luschnig P, Sturm GJ, Tomazic PV, Marsche G, Heinemann A, Sturm EM. Apolipoprotein A-IV acts as an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein and is reduced in treatment-naïve allergic patients and allergen-challenged mice. Allergy 2020; 75:392-402. [PMID: 31408538 PMCID: PMC7065107 DOI: 10.1111/all.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies pointed to a crucial role for apolipoproteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, the role of apolipoprotein‐IV (ApoA‐IV) in allergic inflammation has not been addressed thoroughly thus far. Objective Here, we explored the anti‐inflammatory effects and underlying signaling pathways of ApoA‐IV on eosinophil effector function in vitro and in vivo. Methods Migratory responsiveness, Ca2+‐flux and apoptosis of human peripheral blood eosinophils were assessed in vitro. Allergen‐driven airway inflammation was assessed in a mouse model of acute house dust mite‐induced asthma. ApoA‐IV serum levels were determined by ELISA. Results Recombinant ApoA‐IV potently inhibited eosinophil responsiveness in vitro as measured by Ca2+‐flux, shape change, integrin (CD11b) expression, and chemotaxis. The underlying molecular mechanism involved the activation of Rev‐ErbA‐α and induced a PI3K/PDK1/PKA‐dependent signaling cascade. Systemic application of ApoA‐IV prevented airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway eosinophilia in mice following allergen challenge. ApoA‐IV levels were decreased in serum from allergic patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion Our data suggest that ApoA‐IV is an endogenous anti‐inflammatory protein that potently suppresses effector cell functions in eosinophils. Thus, exogenously applied ApoA‐IV may represent a novel pharmacological approach for the treatment of allergic inflammation and other eosinophil‐driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roula
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Anna Theiler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Petra Luschnig
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Gunter J. Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz Vienna Austria
| | | | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Eva M. Sturm
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto‐Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
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19
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Nonmalignant leukocyte disorders. RODAK'S HEMATOLOGY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7151933 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-53045-3.00035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Thangaraju P, Venkatesan S, Chandu DN, Varthya SB. Lepra tip 2 reaksiyonlarında talidomid tedavisinde ilaç yan etkisi olarak ikincil eosinofili: zorunlu bir sorumluluk. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.517430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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YÜCEL EKİCİ N, KÜLAHCI Ö. Relationship between tissue and serum eosinophilia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy with allergic rhinitis. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1754-1759. [PMID: 31731330 PMCID: PMC7518682 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1904-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Previous reports suggested that allergic/eosinophilic inflammation affects the adenoid and tonsillar tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the tissue and serum eosinophilia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy with allergic rhinitis. Materials and methods The clinical registers of 125 children undergoing adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy due to adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy were examined and reviewed retrospectively. Fifty-seven children with positive skin prick test and symptoms of allergic rhinitis were included in the study as the atopic group, whereas 68 children with no allergic symptoms and negative skin prick test were included as the nonatopic group. Consequently, the total immunoglobulin E level and the serum and tissue eosinophilia of the atopic and nonatopic groups were compared. Results Serum eosinophilia in the atopic group was found to be significantly higher than in the nonatopic group (P = 0.045). A significantly higher eosinophil count was found in adenoid/tonsil tissue of the atopic group (P < 0.001, P = 0.023, respectively). However, no significant correlation between tissue and serum eosinophilia was found. Conclusion The inconsistency between tissue and serum eosinophilia in atopic children would particularly indicate a role of local atopy in adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Further studies are needed to better understand the effect and usefulness of serum and tissue eosinophilia in children with allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur YÜCEL EKİCİ
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, AdanaTurkey
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Özgür KÜLAHCI
- Department of Pathology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, AdanaTurkey
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22
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Simon HU, Yousefi S, Germic N, Arnold IC, Haczku A, Karaulov AV, Simon D, Rosenberg HF. The Cellular Functions of Eosinophils: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) Update 2020. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 181:11-23. [PMID: 31786573 DOI: 10.1159/000504847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils and their secretory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Although eosinophils are largely evolutionally conserved, their physiologic functions are not well understood. Given the availability of new eosinophil-targeted depletion therapies, there has been a renewed interest in understanding eosinophil biology as these strategies may result in secondary disorders when applied over long periods of time. Recent data suggest that eosinophils are not only involved in immunological effector functions but also carry out tissue protective and immunoregulatory functions that actively contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis. Prolonged eosinophil depletion may therefore result in the development of secondary disorders. Here, we review recent literature pointing to important roles for eosinophils in promoting immune defense, antibody production, activation of adipose tissue, and tissue remodeling and fibrosis. We also reflect on patient data from clinical trials that feature anti-eosinophil therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation,
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Germic
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Haczku
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alexander V Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Simon D, Simon HU. Therapeutic strategies for eosinophilic dermatoses. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 46:29-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kurose N, Mizuguchi S, Ohkanemasa Y, Yamashita M, Nakano M, Guo X, Aikawa A, Nakada S, Sasagawa T, Yamada S. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix displaying tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019; 7:2050313X19828235. [PMID: 30800306 PMCID: PMC6378426 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x19828235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia is defined as an inflammatory response with the marked infiltration of eosinophils within tumor tissues. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia has been reported in various organs; however, no studies have examined the detailed cytopathological findings of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia. Case Presentation: A 49-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal and back pain that had started 1 month earlier. A cervical biopsy revealed a diagnosis of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. A mildly increased number of eosinophils was observed in both cervical cytology and a biopsy. On pelvic computed tomography, a tumor mass measuring up to 5.5 cm in the largest diameter was seen in the uterine cervix. After 1 month, endometrial cytology was performed, and non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma together with normal endometrial glands was obtained in a background of marked eosinophil numbers. Tumor cells in an irregular-shaped solid nest had variable-sized hyperchromatic nuclei and light-green-stained cytoplasm. The number of eosinophils was obviously increased. Considering the possibility of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia, we evaluated a peripheral blood sample and confirmed an increased number of eosinophils. Radical hysterectomy was performed, and the final pathological diagnosis was adenosquamous carcinoma. Although the number of eosinophils decreased after surgery, it increased again at the time of recurrence 1 year later. Chemo-irradiation was performed, but the patient died 1 year and 8 months after the operation. Conclusion: Cytopathologists should consider the presence of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia by focusing on not only tumor cells but also the markedly eosinophilic background. The eosinophil count might be a useful marker of the disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Kurose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuguchi
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Akane Aikawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Satoko Nakada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasagawa
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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25
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Khatun A, Sakurai M, Okada K, Sakai Y, Morimoto M. Detection of α-defensin in eosinophils in helminth-infected mouse model. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1887-1894. [PMID: 30393268 PMCID: PMC6305521 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
α-defensin is a potent antimicrobial peptide secreted from intestinal mucosal epithelial
cells, such as Paneth cells, and affects not only bacteria but also parasites and fungi.
Recently, human eosinophils have also been shown to produce α-defensin, but no studies
have been done on other animals. In this study, we attempted to detect α-defensin protein
in mouse eosinophils infiltrating the intestinal mucosa during a helminth infection using
Zamboni fixation and immunohistochemistry. Most of the eosinophils infiltrating the
intestinal mucosa during helminth infection were positive for α-defensin. The expression
level of α-defensin mRNA was 50 fold that in the control. Meanwhile, the number of Paneth
cells was doubled, and their α-defensin fluorescence intensity was increased. These
results suggested that eosinophils are also important producers of α-defensin, such as
Paneth cells in mice, and that α-defensin produced from eosinophils might be involved in
defensive mechanisms against helminths. Moreover, the experimental system used in this
study is a good model to study the generation of α-defensin by eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Khatun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okada
- North Lab, 8-35 Hondori, 2-chome kita, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 003-0027, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Youn H, Her J, Mok J, Kil B, Kim E, Park H, Ban C. A Novel Eosinophilia Diagnostics Using Label-free Impedimetric Aptasensor for Soluble Interleukin-5 Receptor Alpha. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Youn
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77; Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Jin Her
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77; Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Jihyun Mok
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77; Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Bareum Kil
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77; Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Eunseon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77; Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
| | - Haesim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Ajou University School of Medicine; San-5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16499 South Korea
| | - Changill Ban
- Department of Chemistry; Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77; Cheongam-Ro Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673 South Korea
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Zhu C, Xia L, Li F, Zhou L, Weng Q, Li Z, Wu Y, Mao Y, Zhang C, Wu Y, Li M, Ying S, Chen Z, Shen H, Li W. mTOR complexes differentially orchestrates eosinophil development in allergy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6883. [PMID: 29720621 PMCID: PMC5932055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25358-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil infiltration is considered a hallmark in allergic airway inflammation, and the blockade of eosinophil differentiation may be an effective approach for treating eosinophil-related disorders. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a vital modulator in cell growth control and related diseases, and we have recently demonstrated that rapamycin can suppress eosinophil differentiation in allergic airway inflammation. Considering its critical role in haematopoiesis, we further investigated the role of mTOR in eosinophil differentiation in the context of asthmatic pathogenesis. Intriguingly, the inhibition of mTOR, either by genetic deletion or by another pharmacological inhibitor torin-1, accelerated the eosinophil development in the presence of IL-5. However, this was not observed to have any considerable effect on eosinophil apoptosis. The effect of mTOR in eosinophil differentiation was mediated by Erk signalling. Moreover, myeloid specific knockout of mTOR or Rheb further augmented allergic airway inflammation in mice after allergen exposure. Ablation of mTOR in myeloid cells also resulted in an increased number of eosinophil lineage-committed progenitors (Eops) in allergic mice. Collectively, our data uncovered the differential effects of mTOR in the regulation of eosinophil development, likely due to the distinct functions of mTOR complex 1 or 2, which thus exerts a pivotal implication in eosinophil-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lixia Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lingren Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Qingyu Weng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Zhouyang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yinfang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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29
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Simon D, Borradori L, Simon HU. Eosinophils as putative therapeutic targets in bullous pemphigoid. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1187-1192. [PMID: 28833620 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering skin disease and is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 and BP230 that can be detected in the skin and serum of BP patients. Histologically, the dermal infiltration of eosinophils is obvious. The objective of this review was to present evidence that eosinophils play a key role in the pathogenesis of BP. Eosinophils, together with cytokines and chemokines regulating their production, recruitment and activation, are abundantly present in lesional skin, in blisters and in peripheral blood of patients with BP. Recently, using a cryosection model, eosinophils were demonstrated to induce dermal-epidermal separation in the presence of BP antibodies. Thus, eosinophils and their products, as well as mediators regulating their function, present promising targets for the treatment of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Borradori
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Kavanagh S, Lipton JH. How I Diagnose Hypereosinophilic Syndromes. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10313450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndromes are a group of disorders characterised by significant eosinophilia and organ damage. They have proven challenging to define, diagnose, and study for many years, due in part to their variable clinical presentations, the overlap between neoplastic and reactive eosinophilia, and the lack of a universal marker of eosinophil clonality. Herein, we give an overview of the term and discuss aetiology and our approach to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kavanagh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey H. Lipton
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Escudero-Vilaplana V, Osorio-Prendes S, Collado-Borrell R, González-Arias E, Sanjurjo-Sáez M. Eosinophilia secondary to lenalidomide therapy. J Clin Pharm Ther 2017; 43:273-275. [PMID: 28833364 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Limited data are available on eosinophilia as a drug adverse event. We describe a case of eosinophilia from lenalidomide therapy. CASE DESCRIPTION A 50-year-old woman received lenalidomide, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide as POEMS syndrome treatment. Eosinophil count rose during lenalidomide treatment and decreased in the periods off treatment. Naranjo nomogram suggested a probable association between the use of lenalidomide and eosinophilia. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Eosinophilia has rarely been described with lenalidomide. This case shows a clear temporal relationship between lenalidomide and eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Escudero-Vilaplana
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Osorio-Prendes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Hematology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Collado-Borrell
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - E González-Arias
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Hematology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sanjurjo-Sáez
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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32
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de Graauw E, Sitaru C, Horn M, Borradori L, Yousefi S, Simon HU, Simon D. Evidence for a role of eosinophils in blister formation in bullous pemphigoid. Allergy 2017; 72:1105-1113. [PMID: 28135772 DOI: 10.1111/all.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease of the skin characterized by subepidermal blister formation due to tissue-bound and circulating autoantibodies to the hemidesmosomal antigens BP180 and BP230. Although eosinophils and their toxic mediators are found abundantly in BP lesions, their role in blister formation has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of BP with a specific focus on blister formation and to define conditions inducing dermal-epidermal separation (DES). METHODS In an ex vivo human model of BP, normal human skin cryosections were incubated with purified human peripheral blood eosinophils with or without activation in the presence or absence of BP autoantibodies, brefeldin A, diphenyleneiodonium, DNase or blocking F(ab')2 fragments to CD16, CD18, CD32 and CD64. Dermal-epidermal separation was assessed by light microscopy studies and quantified using Fiji software. RESULTS Following activation with IL-5 and in the presence of BP autoantibodies, eosinophils induced separation along the dermal-epidermal junction of ex vivo skin. Dermal-epidermal separation was significantly reduced by blocking any of the following: Fcγ receptor binding (P = 0.048), eosinophil adhesion (P = 0.046), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (P = 0.002), degranulation (P < 0.0001) or eosinophil extracellular trap (EET) formation (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that IL-5-activated eosinophils directly contribute to BP blister formation in the presence of BP autoantibodies. Dermal-epidermal separation by IL-5-activated eosinophils depends on adhesion and Fcγ receptor activation, requires elevated ROS production and degranulation and involves EET formation. Thus, targeting eosinophils may be a promising therapeutic approach for BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. de Graauw
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - C. Sitaru
- Department of Dermatology and Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS); University Medical Center Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - M. Horn
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine; Inselspital; Bern University Hospital; Bern Switzerland
| | - L. Borradori
- Department of Dermatology; Inselspital; Bern University Hospital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - S. Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - H.-U. Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - D. Simon
- Department of Dermatology; Inselspital; Bern University Hospital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Lingblom C, Andersson J, Andersson K, Wennerås C. Regulatory Eosinophils Suppress T Cells Partly through Galectin-10. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4672-4681. [PMID: 28515279 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils have the capacity to regulate the function of T cell subsets. Our aim was to test the hypothesis of the existence of a regulatory subset of eosinophils. Human eosinophils were incubated with T cells that were stimulated with allogeneic leukocytes or CD3/CD28 cross-linking. After 2 d of coculture, 11% of the eosinophils gained CD16 expression. A CD16hi subset of eosinophils, encompassing 1-5% of all eosinophils, was also identified in the blood of healthy subjects. FACS sorting showed that these CD16hi eosinophils were significantly stronger suppressors of T cell proliferation than were conventional CD16neg eosinophils. Human eosinophils contain stores of the immunoregulatory protein galectin-10. We found that Ab-mediated neutralization of galectin-10 partially abrogated the suppressive function of the eosinophils. Moreover, recombinant galectin-10 by itself was able to suppress T cell proliferation. Finally, we detected galectin-10-containing immune synapses between eosinophils and lymphocytes. To conclude, we describe a subset of suppressive eosinophils expressing CD16 that may escape detection because CD16-based negative selection is the standard procedure for the isolation of human eosinophils. Moreover, we show that galectin-10 functions as a T cell-suppressive molecule in eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lingblom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Jennie Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-413 46, Sweden
| | - Christine Wennerås
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg SE-413 46, Sweden
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34
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Radonjic-Hoesli S, Wang X, de Graauw E, Stoeckle C, Styp-Rekowska B, Hlushchuk R, Simon D, Spaeth PJ, Yousefi S, Simon HU. Adhesion-induced eosinophil cytolysis requires the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) signaling pathway, which is counterregulated by autophagy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1632-1642. [PMID: 28412393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes that can be involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including allergy. Their effector functions are closely linked to their cytotoxic granule proteins. Release takes place through several different mechanisms, one of which is cytolysis, which is associated with release of intact granules, so-called clusters of free eosinophil granules. The mechanism underlying this activation-induced form of cell death in eosinophils has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of eosinophil cytolysis. METHODS Isolated blood eosinophils were incubated on glass coverslips coated with intravenous immunoglobulin and inactive complement component 3b. A morphologic characterization of the distinct stages of the proposed cascade was addressed by means of time-lapse automated fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Experiments with pharmacologic inhibitors were performed to elucidate the sequence of events within the cascade. Tissue samples of patients with eosinophilic skin diseases or eosinophilic esophagitis were used for in vivo analyses. RESULTS After eosinophil adhesion, we observed reactive oxygen species production, early degranulation, and granule fusion processes, leading to a distinct morphology exhibiting cytoplasmic vacuolization and, finally, cytolysis. Using a pharmacologic approach, we demonstrate the presence of a receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mixed lineage kinase-like (MLKL) signaling pathway in eosinophils, which, after its activation, leads to the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-dependent manner. All these steps are required for cytoplasmic vacuolization and subsequent cytolysis to occur. Interestingly, triggering cytolysis is associated with an induction of autophagy in eosinophils, and additional stimulation of autophagy by means of pharmacologic inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin counterregulates cell death. Moreover, MLKL phosphorylation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and cytolysis were observed in eosinophils under in vivo inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSION We report that adhesion-induced eosinophil cytolysis takes place through RIPK3-MLKL-dependent necroptosis, which can be counterregulated by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Radonjic-Hoesli
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Spaeth
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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35
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Chen W, Wang T, Pino-Yanes M, Forno E, Liang L, Yan Q, Hu D, Weeks DE, Baccarelli A, Acosta-Perez E, Eng C, Han YY, Boutaoui N, Laprise C, Davies GA, Hopkin JM, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOCM, Canino G, Burchard EG, Celedón JC. An epigenome-wide association study of total serum IgE in Hispanic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:571-577. [PMID: 28069425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total IgE is a therapeutic target in patients with allergic diseases. DNA methylation in white blood cells (WBCs) was associated with total IgE levels in an epigenome-wide association study of white subjects. Whether DNA methylation of eosinophils explains these findings is insufficiently understood. METHODS We tested for association between genome-wide DNA methylation in WBCs and total IgE levels in 2 studies of Hispanic children: the Puerto Rico Genetics of Asthma and Lifestyle Study (PR-GOAL; n = 306) and the Genes-environments and Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II) study (n = 573). Whole-genome methylation of DNA from WBCs was measured by using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Total IgE levels were measured by using the UniCAP 100 system. In PR-GOAL WBC types (ie, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) in peripheral blood were measured by using Coulter Counter techniques. In the GALA II study WBC types were imputed. Multivariable linear regression was used for the analysis of DNA methylation and total IgE levels, which was first conducted separately for each cohort, and then results from the 2 cohorts were combined in a meta-analysis. RESULTS CpG sites in multiple genes, including novel findings and results previously reported in white subjects, were significantly associated with total IgE levels. However, adjustment for WBC types resulted in markedly fewer significant sites. Top findings from this adjusted meta-analysis were in the genes ZFPM1 (P = 1.5 × 10-12), ACOT7 (P = 2.5 × 10-11), and MND1 (P = 1.4 × 10-9). CONCLUSIONS In an epigenome-wide association study adjusted for WBC types (including eosinophils), methylation changes in genes enriched in pathways relevant to asthma and immune responses were associated with total IgE levels among Hispanic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Liming Liang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Qi Yan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Therapeutic Sciences and Bioengineering, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Edna Acosta-Perez
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Therapeutic Sciences and Bioengineering, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Nadia Boutaoui
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | - Gwyneth A Davies
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Julian M Hopkin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam F Moffatt
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Therapeutic Sciences and Bioengineering, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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Yenigun A, Sezen S, Calim OF, Ozturan O. Evaluation of the eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2016; 30:e21-5. [PMID: 26980381 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction of the nasal mucosa, the primary mediator of which is immunoglobulin E. Allergic rhinitis occurs in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between allergies and the eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in children with allergic rhinitis with a positive skin-prick test. STUDY DESIGN This study was planned and performed as a case-control study. METHODS There were 695 patients who presented to our clinic who were enrolled in the study. Only group 4 fit the criteria for allergic rhinitis. Group 1 (nonsensitized asymptomatic [control group]), group 2 (nonsensitized symptomatic), group 3 (sensitized asymptomatic), and group 4 (sensitized symptomatic). The patients' allergy symptoms and skin test results were assessed and compared. The eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for each patient was calculated. The eosinophil and lymphocyte counts and the eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were calculated for each group. RESULTS The eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and eosinophil counts in groups 3 and 4 were significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) than those in groups 1 and 2. The lymphocyte counts in groups 3 and 4 were significantly lower (p = 0.046) than those of groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS The eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may be used in conjunction with skin-prick testing in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. This parameter is inexpensive to measure and easy to use and calculate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Yenigun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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37
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Stoeckle C, Geering B, Yousefi S, Rožman S, Andina N, Benarafa C, Simon HU. RhoH is a negative regulator of eosinophilopoiesis. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1961-1972. [PMID: 27740624 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are frequently elevated in pathological conditions and can cause tissue damage and disease exacerbation. The number of eosinophils in the blood is largely regulated by factors controlling their production in the bone marrow. While several exogenous factors, such as interleukin-5, have been described to promote eosinophil differentiation, comparatively little is known about eosinophil-intrinsic factors that control their de novo generation. Here, we report that the small atypical GTPase RhoH is induced during human eosinophil differentiation, highly expressed in mature blood eosinophils and further upregulated in patients suffering from a hypereosinophilic syndrome. Overexpression of RhoH increases, in a Rho-associated protein kinase-dependent manner, the expression of GATA-2, a transcription factor involved in regulating eosinophil differentiation. In RhoH-/- mice, we observed reduced GATA-2 expression as well as accelerated eosinophil differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, RhoH overexpression in bone marrow progenitors reduces eosinophil development in mixed bone marrow chimeras. These results highlight a novel negative regulatory role for RhoH in eosinophil differentiation, most likely in consequence of altered GATA-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Geering
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saša Rožman
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Andina
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Association of serum eosinophilia and total immunoglobulin E concentration with the risk of allergic symptoms and allergic sensitization, respectively: A 2-year follow-up study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 86:167-71. [PMID: 27260601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum eosinophil percentage (SEP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration, and total IgE (TIgE) concentration are known to increase in patients with allergic disease; however, the relevance of these elevated markers in children with negative allergic test results remains unclear. Therefore, this 2-year follow-up study aimed to investigate whether SEP, ECP concentration, and TIgE concentration are associated with an increased risk for allergic sensitization and allergic symptoms. METHODS In 2012, SEP, ECP concentration, and TIgE concentration of third- and fourth-grade students from 6 elementary schools were measured. Skin prick test was performed, and the presence of allergic nasal symptoms was investigated using a questionnaire. In 2014, the same examinations were performed in the same set of students, who were then in the fifth and sixth grades, respectively, of the same schools. The cut-off value and usefulness of serologic markers (eosinophil count, ECP concentration, and TIgE concentration) were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Serum eosinophil percentage (cut-off value, 3.8%) was associated with the newly developed allergic nasal symptoms (sensitivity, 77.9; specificity, 41.8). A high serum TIgE concentration (cut-off value, 17.7 IU/mL) was also associated with the risk for allergic sensitization (sensitivity, 46.3; specificity, 85.3). CONCLUSION SEP and TIgE concentration were associated with the development of allergic symptoms and allergic sensitization, respectively, 2 years after the first examination.
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Frei RB, Luschnig P, Parzmair GP, Peinhaupt M, Schranz S, Fauland A, Wheelock CE, Heinemann A, Sturm EM. Cannabinoid receptor 2 augments eosinophil responsiveness and aggravates allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. Allergy 2016; 71:944-56. [PMID: 26850094 PMCID: PMC5225803 DOI: 10.1111/all.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Accumulation of activated eosinophils in tissue is a hallmark of allergic inflammation. The endocannabinoid 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) has been proposed to elicit eosinophil migration in a CB2 receptor/Gi/o‐dependent manner. However, it has been claimed recently that this process may also involve other mechanisms such as cytokine priming and the metabolism of 2‐AG into eicosanoids. Here, we explored the direct contribution of specific CB2 receptor activation to human and mouse eosinophil effector function in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vitro studies including CB2 expression, adhesion and migratory responsiveness, respiratory burst, degranulation, and calcium mobilization were conducted in human peripheral blood eosinophils and mouse bone marrow‐derived eosinophils. Allergic airway inflammation was assessed in mouse models of acute OVA‐induced asthma and directed eosinophil migration. Results CB2 expression was significantly higher in eosinophils from symptomatic allergic donors. The selective CB2 receptor agonist JWH‐133 induced a moderate migratory response in eosinophils. However, short‐term exposure to JWH‐133 potently enhanced chemoattractant‐induced eosinophil shape change, chemotaxis, CD11b surface expression, and adhesion as well as production of reactive oxygen species. Receptor specificity of the observed effects was confirmed in eosinophils from CB2 knockout mice and by using the selective CB2 antagonist SR144528. Of note, systemic application of JWH‐133 clearly primed eosinophil‐directed migration in vivo and aggravated both AHR and eosinophil influx into the airways in a CB2‐specific manner. This effect was completely absent in eosinophil‐deficient ∆dblGATA mice. Conclusion Our data indicate that CB2 may directly contribute to the pathogenesis of eosinophil‐driven diseases. Moreover, we provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the CB2‐mediated priming of eosinophils. Hence, antagonism of CB2 receptors may represent a novel pharmacological approach for the treatment of allergic inflammation and other eosinophilic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Frei
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - P. Luschnig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - G. P. Parzmair
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - M. Peinhaupt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - S. Schranz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - A. Fauland
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - C. E. Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - E. M. Sturm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
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Eosinophile Granulozyten. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lecouffe-Desprets M, Groh M, Bour B, Le Jeunne C, Puéchal X. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders associated with autoimmune connective tissue disease. Joint Bone Spine 2015; 83:479-84. [PMID: 26709253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical and pathological characteristics of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) associated with autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD). METHODS Systematic literature review. RESULTS Twenty cases of CTD associated with EGID were identified. Systemic lupus erythematosus was the main EGID-associated CTD (35%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (20%), systemic sclerosis or inflammatory myopathies (15%, each), and Sjögren's syndrome, scleromyositis or other overlapping connective tissue disease (5%, each). No patient had a history of atopy. In contrast with classical EGID among which eosinophilic esophagitis is the most frequent type, eosinophilic gastritis and/or enteritis represented 95% of cases. Gastrointestinal symptoms were often unspecific. Peripheral eosinophilia was found in 67% of cases. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed abnormal findings in only 40% and 30% of cases, respectively. EGID was confirmed by evidence of digestive eosinophilic infiltration, mainly in mucosal or submucosal layer. In all but one patient, the CTD was diagnosed prior to the occurrence of the EGID. In total, 95% of EGID had a favorable outcome, with corticosteroids being used in almost all cases. CONCLUSION Clinicians should consider EGID as a possible diagnosis and perform gastrointestinal tract biopsies in patients with CTD presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms and unexplained eosinophilia. Conversely, more rarely extra-digestive features during follow-up in patients with EGID may lead to a diagnosis of an associated CTD. More research is needed to better understand the underlying pathophysiological processes leading to eosinophilic gastrointestinal infiltration in patients with CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lecouffe-Desprets
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic and Autoimmune Diseases, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France; Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Groh
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic and Autoimmune Diseases, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Bruno Bour
- Le Mans General Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, 72037 Le Mans, France
| | - Claire Le Jeunne
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic and Autoimmune Diseases, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Xavier Puéchal
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic and Autoimmune Diseases, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France.
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Saguem BN, Bouhlel S, Ben Salem C, Ben Hadj Ali B. Eosinophilia and parotitis occurring early in clozapine treatment. Int J Clin Pharm 2015; 37:992-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-015-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Eosinophil infiltration can be observed in skin disorders, such as allergic/immunologic, autoimmune, infectious, and neoplastic diseases. Clinical presentations are variable and include eczematous, papular, urticarial, bullous, nodular, and fibrotic lesions; pruritus is a common symptom in all. In this review, we present representative eosinophilic skin diseases according to their clinical pattern, together with histologic findings and diagnostic procedures. We also discuss the potential roles of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of dermatologic disorder. Current pathogenesis-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth de Graauw
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Beltraminelli
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland.
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Toxicity of eosinophil MBP is repressed by intracellular crystallization and promoted by extracellular aggregation. Mol Cell 2015; 57:1011-1021. [PMID: 25728769 PMCID: PMC4904734 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are white blood cells that function in innate immunity and participate in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. Their secretory granules contain four cytotoxic proteins, including the eosinophil major basic protein (MBP-1). How MBP-1 toxicity is controlled within the eosinophil itself and activated upon extracellular release is unknown. Here we show how intragranular MBP-1 nanocrystals restrain toxicity, enabling its safe storage, and characterize them with an X-ray-free electron laser. Following eosinophil activation, MBP-1 toxicity is triggered by granule acidification, followed by extracellular aggregation, which mediates the damage to pathogens and host cells. Larger non-toxic amyloid plaques are also present in tissues of eosinophilic patients in a feedback mechanism that likely limits tissue damage under pathological conditions of MBP-1 oversecretion. Our results suggest that MBP-1 aggregation is important for innate immunity and immunopathology mediated by eosinophils and clarify how its polymorphic self-association pathways regulate toxicity intra- and extracellularly.
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Radonjic-Hoesli S, Valent P, Klion AD, Wechsler ME, Simon HU. Novel targeted therapies for eosinophil-associated diseases and allergy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 55:633-56. [PMID: 25340931 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil-associated diseases often present with life-threatening manifestations and/or chronic organ damage. Currently available therapeutic options are limited to a few drugs that often have to be prescribed on a lifelong basis to keep eosinophil counts under control. In the past 10 years, treatment options and outcomes in patients with clonal eosinophilic and other eosinophilic disorders have improved substantially. Several new targeted therapies have emerged, addressing different aspects of eosinophil expansion and inflammation. In this review, we discuss available and currently tested agents as well as new strategies and drug targets relevant to both primary and secondary eosinophilic diseases, including allergic disorders.
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Belsky DW, Shalev I, Sears MR, Hancox RJ, Lee Harrington H, Houts R, Moffitt TE, Sugden K, Williams B, Poulton R, Caspi A. Is chronic asthma associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length at midlife? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:384-91. [PMID: 24956257 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201402-0370oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma is prospectively associated with age-related chronic diseases and mortality, suggesting the hypothesis that asthma may relate to a general, multisystem phenotype of accelerated aging. OBJECTIVES To test whether chronic asthma is associated with a proposed biomarker of accelerated aging, leukocyte telomere length. METHODS Asthma was ascertained prospectively in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study cohort (n = 1,037) at nine in-person assessments spanning ages 9-38 years. Leukocyte telomere length was measured at ages 26 and 38 years. Asthma was classified as life-course-persistent, childhood-onset not meeting criteria for persistence, and adolescent/adult-onset. We tested associations between asthma and leukocyte telomere length using regression models. We tested for confounding of asthma-leukocyte telomere length associations using covariate adjustment. We tested serum C-reactive protein and white blood cell counts as potential mediators of asthma-leukocyte telomere length associations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Study members with life-course-persistent asthma had shorter leukocyte telomere length as compared with sex- and age-matched peers with no reported asthma. In contrast, leukocyte telomere length in study members with childhood-onset and adolescent/adult-onset asthma was not different from leukocyte telomere length in peers with no reported asthma. Adjustment for life histories of obesity and smoking did not change results. Study members with life-course-persistent asthma had elevated blood eosinophil counts. Blood eosinophil count mediated 29% of the life-course-persistent asthma-leukocyte telomere length association. CONCLUSIONS Life-course-persistent asthma is related to a proposed biomarker of accelerated aging, possibly via systemic eosinophilic inflammation. Life histories of asthma can inform studies of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Belsky
- 1 Center for The Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Zhu J, Wang Y, Gong L, Huang G. Diagnosis of primary pulmonary T- cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma with tissue eosinophilia via clinicopathological observation and molecular assay. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:188. [PMID: 25273521 PMCID: PMC4207321 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is rare and easily misdiagnosed because of the lack of typical clinical features. It most commonly involves elderly patients aged between 60 and 70 years, and pathological diagnosis depends mainly on chest surgery rather than bronchial mucosal biopsy. Via percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of the lung of a 33-year-old woman, which had distinct tissue eosinophilia, we diagnosed a rare case of rapidly growing large B cell lymphoma. Methods Bronchial mucosal biopsy and computed tomography–guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy were performed to determine the nature of the lesion, and we identified its immunophenotype using immunohistochemistry. We used BIOMED-2 gene rearrangement PCR to determine lymphocyte clonality; laser microdissection was used to confirm the clonality of suspicious malignant lymphocytes. Results Morphologically, the lesion was composed of a large number of eosinophilic cells and a few lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a few CD1α-positive cells, but they were S-100–negative. The small lymphoid cells predominantly expressed CD3; the large lymphoid cells expressed CD20 and some scattered large lymphoid cells expressed Pax5. However, molecular studies confirmed clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH)-D gene rearrangement in Pax5–positive large B lymphocytes. Conclusions This is the first recorded case of T- cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma with tissue eosinophilia of the lung. It highlights the unusual morphological features of PPL that might be mistaken for eosinophilic granuloma or parasitic infection. In addition, IGH and T cell receptor gene rearrangement play important roles in differentiating rare B cell lymphoma from lung space–occupying lesions with abundant eosinophils or T cell infiltration. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://med.motic.com/MoticGallery/Slides/AC5C9A6F-46EC-4C71-A448-1312F6900C65?user=2C69F0D6-A478-4A2B-ABF0-BB36763E8025
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus associated with dysphagia in adults and refractory reflux syndromes in children. METHODS Immunological and genetic approaches have been used to better understand the pathophysiology of the underlying inflammation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Evidence has accumulated that EoE represents a T-helper (Th) 2-type inflammatory disease, in which allergens play a role in triggering the disease. The majority of the patients suffer from concurrent allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema, and have a history of atopy. The chronic inflammatory response in EoE is associated with tissue damage and remodeling, both of which lead to esophageal dysfunction and bolus impaction. The new insights into the pathophysiology have resulted in the development of the first pharmacological therapies of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Stoeckle C, Simon HU. CD8(+) T cells producing IL-3 and IL-5 in non-IgE-mediated eosinophilic diseases. Allergy 2013; 68:1622-5. [PMID: 24410785 DOI: 10.1111/all.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cytokines IL-5, IL-3, and GM-CSF are crucial for eosinophil development, survival, and function. To better understand their role in non-IgE-mediated eosinophilic diseases, we investigated plasma levels of these cytokines as well as cytokine expression in peripheral blood T cells. While we did not find any evidence for an involvement of T-cell-derived GM-CSF, some of these patients did show an increased proportion of IL-5- or IL-3-producing CD4(+) T cells. However, in a significant proportion of patients, IL-5-producing CD8(+) T cells, so-called Tc2 cells, which in healthy donors can only be detected at very low levels, were prominent. Furthermore, increased IL-3 production by CD8(+) T cells was also observed, strongly supporting the notion that CD8(+) T cells, not just CD4(+) T cells, must also be considered as a potential source of the cytokines promoting eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Stoeckle
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - H.-U. Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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