1
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Gong WJ, Zhou T, Wu SL, Huang YF, Xiang LP, Xu JQ, Han Y, Lv YN, Zeng F, Zhang Y. A novel immune-related ceRNA network that predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1484. [PMID: 34734036 PMCID: PMC8506752 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the progression and malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma and affects the immunotherapy response. There is increasing evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) have significant functions in the development and treatment response of various kinds of cancer. This study aimed to explore the association between immune-related lncRNA-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA)-ceRNA networks, and the prognosis of and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and miRNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in lung adenocarcinoma samples by undertaking a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to divide the cells into high and low immune cell infiltration groups. The differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNA) was further analyzed by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), search tool for recurring instances of neighboring genes (STRING), and Cytoscape to select hub genes. The ceRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape. Additionally, survival analyses were conducted to screen out prognostic candidate genes. Results Seven thousand five hundred and thirty-eight mRNAs, 540 lncRNAs, and 138 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the high and low immune cell infiltration groups. The two DEmRNA modules most significantly associated with immune cell infiltration were further analyzed, and four clusters, including 179 DEmRNAs, were selected based on Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) scores. The selected DEmRNAs in the four clusters were mainly enriched in pathways involved in regulating the immune response. Ultimately, a ceRNA network of SNHG6-hsa-miR-30e-5p-CYSLTR1 was identified as being associated with the prognosis of and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions The present study extends understandings of immune-related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA-ceRNA networks and identifies novel targets and a regulatory pathway for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jing Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - San-Lan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Ning Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
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2
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Xiong LY, Ouk M, Wu CY, Rabin JS, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N, Black SE, Edwards JD, Swardfager W. Leukotriene receptor antagonist use and cognitive decline in normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:147. [PMID: 34479635 PMCID: PMC8418104 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) alleviate Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and improve cognition in animal models; however, clinical evidence is limited. This study aimed to explore the associations between the use of LTRAs (montelukast or zafirlukast) and cognitive performance in people with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD dementia. We hypothesized that LTRA use would be associated with better cognitive performance over time. METHODS This longitudinal observational study used data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Within groups of participants with normal cognition, MCI, or AD dementia, LTRA users were matched 1:3 to non-users using propensity score matching. Cognitive domains including immediate and delayed memory (Wechsler Memory Scale Revised-Logical Memory IA and IIA), psychomotor processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), and language (animal naming, vegetable naming, and Boston Naming Test) were compared between users and non-users in mixed-effects linear or Poisson regression models. RESULTS In AD dementia, LTRA use was associated with a slower decline in psychomotor processing speed, as measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (Β = 1.466 [0.253, 2.678] symbols/year, n = 442), and language, as measured by animal naming (Β = 0.541 [0.215, 0.866] animals/year, n = 566), vegetable naming (B = 0.309 [0.056, 0.561] vegetables/year, n = 565), and the Boston Naming Test (B = 0.529 [0.005, 1.053] items/year, n = 561). Effect sizes were small but persisted after controlling for a 10% false discovery rate. LTRA use was not associated with changes in memory performance in AD, nor was it associated with changes in cognitive performance in people with normal cognition or MCI. In a post hoc analysis, LTRA use was associated with a slower decline in clinical progression in MCI (B = -0.200 [-0.380, -0.019] points/year, n = 800) and AD dementia (B = -0.321 [-0.597, -0.046] points/year, n = 604) as measured by CDR Sum of Boxes. CONCLUSIONS The use of LTRAs was associated with preserved function in non-amnestic cognitive domains in AD dementia. The role of leukotrienes and their receptors in cognitive decline warrants further investigation and the leukotriene pathway may represent a target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Xiong
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Room 4207, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Room 4207, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Room 4207, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jodi D Edwards
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- ICES, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Room 4207, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Toronto, Canada.
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3
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Abstract
Intracellular calcium mobilization can be measured using several methods varying in indicator dyes and devices used. In this chapter, we describe the fluorescence-based method (FLIPR Calcium 4 Assay) developed by Molecular Devices for a FlexStation and routinely used in our laboratory for detecting intracellular calcium changes. The assay is designed to study calcium mobilization induced by majority of GPCRs and calcium channels and allows for simultaneous concentration-dependent analysis of several receptor agonists and antagonists, useful in receptor characterization and drug discovery projects.
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Biringer RG. A review of non-prostanoid, eicosanoid receptors: expression, characterization, regulation, and mechanism of action. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:5-46. [PMID: 34173964 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoid signaling controls a wide range of biological processes from blood pressure homeostasis to inflammation and resolution thereof to the perception of pain and to cell survival itself. Disruption of normal eicosanoid signaling is implicated in numerous disease states. Eicosanoid signaling is facilitated by G-protein-coupled, eicosanoid-specific receptors and the array of associated G-proteins. This review focuses on the expression, characterization, regulation, and mechanism of action of non-prostanoid, eicosanoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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5
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Sarcoidosis exosomes stimulate monocytes to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and CCL2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15328. [PMID: 32948789 PMCID: PMC7501276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary sarcoidosis has unknown etiology, a difficult diagnostic procedure and no curative treatment. Extracellular vesicles including exosomes are nano-sized entities released from all cell types. Previous studies of exosomes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of sarcoidosis patients have revealed pro-inflammatory components and abilities, but cell sources and mechanisms have not been identified. In the current study, we found that BALF exosomes from sarcoidosis patients, but not from healthy individuals, induced a dose-dependent elevation of intracellular IL-1β in monocytes. Analyses of supernatants showed that patient exosomes also induced release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF from both PBMCs and enriched monocytes, suggesting that the observed effect is direct on monocytes. The potently chemotactic chemokine CCL2 was induced by exosomes from a subgroup of patients, and in a blocking assay the exosome-induced CCL2 was reduced for 13 out of 19 patients by the asthma drug Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist. Further, reactive oxygen species generation by PBMCs was induced to a higher degree by patient exosomes compared to healthy exosomes. These findings add to an emerging picture of exosomes as mediators and disseminators of inflammation, and open for further investigations of the link between CCL2 and exosomal leukotrienes in sarcoidosis.
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6
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N Rosalez M, Estevez-Fregoso E, Alatorre A, Abad-García A, A Soriano-Ursúa M. 2-Aminoethyldiphenyl Borinate: A Multitarget Compound with Potential as a Drug Precursor. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 13:57-75. [PMID: 31654521 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191025145429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron is considered a trace element that induces various effects in systems of the human body. However, each boron-containing compound exerts different effects. OBJECTIVE To review the effects of 2-Aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB), an organoboron compound, on the human body, but also, its effects in animal models of human disease. METHODS In this review, the information to showcase the expansion of these reported effects through interactions with several ion channels and other receptors has been reported. These effects are relevant in the biomedical and chemical fields due to the application of the reported data in developing therapeutic tools to modulate the functions of the immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and nervous systems. RESULTS Accordingly, 2-APB acts as a modulator of adaptive and innate immunity, including the production of cytokines and the migration of leukocytes. Additionally, reports show that 2-APB exerts effects on neurons, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, and it provides a cytoprotective effect by the modulation and attenuation of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The molecular pharmacology of 2-APB supports both its potential to act as a drug and the desirable inclusion of its moieties in new drug development. Research evaluating its efficacy in treating pain and specific maladies, such as immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative disorders, is scarce but interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin N Rosalez
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Estevez-Fregoso
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Alberto Alatorre
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Antonio Abad-García
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
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7
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Fleischer LM, Somaiya RD, Miller GM. Review and Meta-Analyses of TAAR1 Expression in the Immune System and Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:683. [PMID: 29997511 PMCID: PMC6029583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2001, the major focus of TAAR1 research has been on its role in monoaminergic regulation, drug-induced reward and psychiatric conditions. More recently, TAAR1 expression and functionality in immune system regulation and immune cell activation has become a topic of emerging interest. Here, we review the immunologically-relevant TAAR1 literature and incorporate open-source expression and cancer survival data meta-analyses. We provide strong evidence for TAAR1 expression in the immune system and cancers revealed through NCBI GEO datamining and discuss its regulation in a spectrum of immune cell types as well as in numerous cancers. We discuss connections and logical directions for further study of TAAR1 in immunological function, and its potential role as a mediator or modulator of immune dysregulation, immunological effects of psychostimulant drugs of abuse, and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Fleischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachana D Somaiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gregory M Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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The inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) products leukotriene B4 (LTB 4 ) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) modulates the inflammatory response and improves cutaneous wound healing. Clin Immunol 2018; 190:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Morrone K, Mitchell WB, Manwani D. Novel Sickle Cell Disease Therapies: Targeting Pathways Downstream of Sickling. Semin Hematol 2018; 55:68-75. [PMID: 30616808 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is an inherited hemoglobinopathy characterized by hemolytic anemia, frequent painful episodes, poor quality of life, end organ damage and a shortened lifespan. Although the seminal event is the polymerization of the abnormal hemoglobin, the downstream pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion results from heterotypic interactions between the altered, adhesive sickle cell RBCs, neutrophils, endothelium, and platelets. Ischemia reperfusion injury, hemolysis and oxidant damage all contribute to heightened inflammation and activation of the hemostatic system. These downstream targets are the focus of emerging treatments with considerable potential to ameliorate disease manifestations. This review summarizes the progress on development of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Morrone
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY
| | - William Beau Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY.
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10
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Salimi M, Stöger L, Liu W, Go S, Pavord I, Klenerman P, Ogg G, Xue L. Cysteinyl leukotriene E 4 activates human group 2 innate lymphoid cells and enhances the effect of prostaglandin D 2 and epithelial cytokines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1090-1100.e11. [PMID: 28115217 PMCID: PMC5624780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a potential innate source of type 2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic conditions. Epithelial cytokines (IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin [TSLP]) and mast cell mediators (prostaglandin D2 [PGD2]) are critical activators of ILC2s. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), including leukotriene (LT) C4, LTD4, and LTE4, are metabolites of arachidonic acid and mediate inflammatory responses. Their role in human ILC2s is still poorly understood. Objectives We sought to determine the role of cysLTs and their relationship with other ILC2 stimulators in the activation of human ILC2s. Methods For ex vivo studies, fresh blood from patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy control subjects was analyzed with flow cytometry. For in vitro studies, ILC2s were isolated and cultured. The effects of cysLTs, PGD2, IL-33, IL-25, TSLP, and IL-2 alone or in combination on ILC2s were defined by using chemotaxis, apoptosis, ELISA, Luminex, quantitative RT-PCR, and flow cytometric assays. The effect of endogenous cysLTs was assessed by using human mast cell supernatants. Results Human ILC2s expressed the LT receptor CysLT1, levels of which were increased in atopic subjects. CysLTs, particularly LTE4, induced migration, reduced apoptosis, and promoted cytokine production in human ILC2s in vitro. LTE4 enhanced the effect of PGD2, IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, resulting in increased production of type 2 and other proinflammatory cytokines. The effect of LTE4 was inhibited by montelukast, a CysLT1 antagonist. Interestingly, addition of IL-2 to LTE4 and epithelial cytokines significantly amplified ILC2 activation and upregulated expression of the receptors for IL-33 and IL-25. Conclusion CysLTs, particularly LTE4, are important contributors to the triggering of human ILC2s in inflammatory responses, particularly when combined with other ILC2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salimi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Stöger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Core Translational Immunology Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simei Go
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luzheng Xue
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Core Translational Immunology Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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11
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Rinchai D, Boughorbel S, Presnell S, Quinn C, Chaussabel D. A compendium of monocyte transcriptome datasets to foster biomedical knowledge discovery. F1000Res 2016; 5:291. [PMID: 27158451 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8182.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems-scale profiling approaches have become widely used in translational research settings. The resulting accumulation of large-scale datasets in public repositories represents a critical opportunity to promote insight and foster knowledge discovery. However, resources that can serve as an interface between biomedical researchers and such vast and heterogeneous dataset collections are needed in order to fulfill this potential. Recently, we have developed an interactive data browsing and visualization web application, the Gene Expression Browser (GXB). This tool can be used to overlay deep molecular phenotyping data with rich contextual information about analytes, samples and studies along with ancillary clinical or immunological profiling data. In this note, we describe a curated compendium of 93 public datasets generated in the context of human monocyte immunological studies, representing a total of 4,516 transcriptome profiles. Datasets were uploaded to an instance of GXB along with study description and sample annotations. Study samples were arranged in different groups. Ranked gene lists were generated based on relevant group comparisons. This resource is publicly available online at http://monocyte.gxbsidra.org/dm3/landing.gsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darawan Rinchai
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabri Boughorbel
- Biomedical informatics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Scott Presnell
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, USA
| | - Charlie Quinn
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, USA
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Rinchai D, Boughorbel S, Presnell S, Quinn C, Chaussabel D. A curated compendium of monocyte transcriptome datasets of relevance to human monocyte immunobiology research. F1000Res 2016; 5:291. [PMID: 27158452 PMCID: PMC4856112 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8182.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems-scale profiling approaches have become widely used in translational research settings. The resulting accumulation of large-scale datasets in public repositories represents a critical opportunity to promote insight and foster knowledge discovery. However, resources that can serve as an interface between biomedical researchers and such vast and heterogeneous dataset collections are needed in order to fulfill this potential. Recently, we have developed an interactive data browsing and visualization web application, the Gene Expression Browser (GXB). This tool can be used to overlay deep molecular phenotyping data with rich contextual information about analytes, samples and studies along with ancillary clinical or immunological profiling data. In this note, we describe a curated compendium of 93 public datasets generated in the context of human monocyte immunological studies, representing a total of 4,516 transcriptome profiles. Datasets were uploaded to an instance of GXB along with study description and sample annotations. Study samples were arranged in different groups. Ranked gene lists were generated based on relevant group comparisons. This resource is publicly available online at
http://monocyte.gxbsidra.org/dm3/landing.gsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darawan Rinchai
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabri Boughorbel
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Scott Presnell
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, USA
| | - Charlie Quinn
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, USA
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Chen H, Yang H, Wang Z, Xie X, Nan F. Discovery of 3-Substituted 1H-Indole-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives as a Novel Class of CysLT1 Selective Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:335-9. [PMID: 26985325 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The indole derivative, 3-((E)-3-((3-((E)-2-(7-chloroquinolin-2yl)vinyl)phenyl)amino)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)-7-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (17k), was identified as a novel and highly potent and selective CysLT1 antagonist with IC50 values of 0.0059 ± 0.0011 and 15 ± 4 μM for CysLT1 and CysLT2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Leukotriene E4 is a full functional agonist for human cysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor-dependent gene expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20461. [PMID: 26830450 PMCID: PMC4735867 DOI: 10.1038/srep20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) the most stable of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) binds poorly to classical type 1 (CysLT1) and 2 (CysLT2) receptors although it induces potent responses in human airways in vivo, such as bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory cell influx suggesting the presence of a novel receptor that preferentially responds to LTE4. To identify such a receptor two human mast cell lines, LAD2 and LUVA, were selected that differentially responded to LTE4 when analysed by intracellular signalling and gene expression. Comparative transcriptome analysis and recombinant gene overexpression experiments revealed CysLT1 as a receptor responsible for potent LTE4-induced response in LAD2 but not in LUVA cells, an observation confirmed further by gene knockdown and selective inhibitors. Lentiviral overexpression of CysLT1 in LUVA cells augmented intracellular calcium signalling induced by LTE4 but did not restore full agonist responses at the gene expression level. Our data support a model where both an increased expression of Gαq-coupled CysLT1, and sustained intracellular calcium mobilisation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activation, are required for LTE4-mediated regulation of gene expression in human cells. Our study shows for the first time that CysLT1 expression is critically important for responsiveness to LTE4 within a human cell system.
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Suh DH, Trinh HKT, Liu JN, Pham LD, Park SM, Park HS, Shin YS. P2Y12 antagonist attenuates eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:333-41. [PMID: 26612496 PMCID: PMC4727565 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) that plays a key role in airway inflammation is expressed on platelets and eosinophils. We investigated whether blocking of the P2Y12 receptor can suppress eosinophilic inflammation in a mouse model of asthma because platelets and eosinophils share this receptor to be activated. BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA), followed by OVA nebulization. On each challenge day, clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist was administered 30 min. before each challenge. Forty‐eight hours after the last OVA challenge, mice were assessed for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), cell composition and cytokine levels, including chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. EOL cells were treated with LTE4, with or without clopidogrel treatment, and intracellular and extracellular eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) expressions were measured to find the inhibiting function of P2Y12 antagonist on eosinophilic activation. The levels of P2Y12 expression were increased markedly in the lung homogenates of OVA‐sensitized and ‐challenged mice after platelet depletion. Administration of clopidogrel decreased AHR and the number of airway inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, in BAL fluid following OVA challenge. These results were associated with decreased levels of Th2 cytokines and CCL5. Histological examination showed that inflammatory cells as well as mucus‐containing goblet cells were reduced in clopidogrel‐administered mice compared to vehicle‐treated mice. Clopidogrel inhibited extracellular ECP secretion after LTE4 stimulation in EOL‐1 cells. Clopidogrel could prevent development of AHR and airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. P2Y12 can be a novel therapeutic target to the suppression of eosinophils in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyeon Suh
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hoang Kim Tu Trinh
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jing-Nan Liu
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Le Duy Pham
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Abstract
Intracellular calcium mobilization can be measured using several methods varying in indicator dyes and devices used. In this chapter, we describe the fluorescence-based method (FLIPR Calcium 4 Assay) developed by Molecular Devices for a FlexStation and routinely used in our laboratory for detecting intracellular calcium changes. The assay is designed to study calcium mobilization induced by majority of GPCRs and calcium channels and allows for simultaneous concentration-dependent analysis of several receptor agonists and antagonists, useful in receptor characterization and drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Woszczek
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK,
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Han H, Xue-Franzén Y, Miao X, Nagy E, Li N, Xu D, Sjöberg J, Björkholm M, Claesson HE. Early growth response gene (EGR)-1 regulates leukotriene D4-induced cytokine transcription in Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:122-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonists as modulators of innate immune cell function. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:608930. [PMID: 24971371 PMCID: PMC4058211 DOI: 10.1155/2014/608930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are produced predominantly by cells of the innate immune system, especially basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Notwithstanding potent bronchoconstrictor activity, cysLTs are also proinflammatory consequent to their autocrine and paracrine interactions with G-protein-coupled receptors expressed not only on the aforementioned cell types, but also on Th2 lymphocytes, as well as structural cells, and to a lesser extent neutrophils and CD8+ cells. Recognition of the involvement of cysLTs in the immunopathogenesis of various types of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, especially bronchial asthma, prompted the development of selective cysLT receptor-1 (cysLTR1) antagonists, specifically montelukast, pranlukast, and zafirlukast. More recently these agents have also been reported to possess secondary anti-inflammatory activities, distinct from cysLTR1 antagonism, which appear to be particularly effective in targeting neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Underlying mechanisms include interference with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, 5′-lipoxygenase, and the proinflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B. These and other secondary anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the commonly used cysLTR1 antagonists are the major focus of the current review, which also includes a comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of montelukast, pranlukast, and zafirlukast on human neutrophils in vitro, as well as an overview of both the current clinical applications of these agents and potential future applications based on preclinical and early clinical studies.
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Rodríguez-Lagunas M, Storniolo C, Ferrer R, Moreno J. 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and leukotriene D4 increase intestinal epithelial paracellular permeability. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1318-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Characterisation of P2Y(12) receptor responsiveness to cysteinyl leukotrienes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58305. [PMID: 23472176 PMCID: PMC3589271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), the most stable of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), binds poorly to classical type 1 and 2 cysLT receptors although in asthmatic individuals it may potently induce bronchial constriction, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory cell influx to the lung. A recent study has suggested that the purinergic receptor P2Y12 is required for LTE4 mediated pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of asthma and signals in response to cysLTs. The aim of the study was to characterise the responsiveness of human P2Y12 to cysteinyl leukotrienes. Models of human CysLT1, CysLT2 and P2Y12 overexpressed in HEK293, CHO cells and human platelets were used and responsiveness to different agonists was measured using intracellular calcium, cAMP and β-arrestin recruitment assays. CysLTs induced concentration dependent calcium mobilisation in cells overexpressing CysLT1 and CysLT2 but failed to induce any calcium response in cells expressing P2Y12 or P2Y12+ Gα16. In contrast, selective P2Y12 agonists ADP and 2-MeS-ADP induced specific calcium flux in cells expressing P2Y12+ Gα16. Similarly, specific response to 2-MeS-ADP, but not to cysLTs was also observed in cells expressing P2Y12 when intracellular cAMP and β-arrestin signalling were analysed. Platelets were used as a model of human primary cells expressing P2Y12 to analyse potential signalling and cell activation through P2Y12 receptor or receptor heterodimers but no specific LTE4 responses were observed. These results show that LTE4 as well as other cysLTs do not activate intracellular signalling acting through P2Y12 and suggest that another LTE4 specific receptor has yet to be identified.
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Huang XQ, Zhang XY, Wang XR, Yu SY, Fang SH, Lu YB, Zhang WP, Wei EQ. Transforming growth factor β1-induced astrocyte migration is mediated in part by activating 5-lipoxygenase and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:145. [PMID: 22734808 PMCID: PMC3419068 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β 1) is an important regulator of cell migration and plays a role in the scarring response in injured brain. It is also reported that 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and its products, cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs, namely LTC₄, LTD₄ and LTE₄), as well as cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT₁R) are closely associated with astrocyte proliferation and glial scar formation after brain injury. However, how these molecules act on astrocyte migration, an initial step of the scarring response, is unknown. To clarify this, we determined the roles of 5-LOX and CysLT₁R in TGF-β 1-induced astrocyte migration. METHODS In primary cultures of rat astrocytes, the effects of TGF-β 1 and CysLT receptor agonists on migration and proliferation were assayed, and the expression of 5-LOX, CysLT receptors and TGF-β1 was detected. 5-LOX activation was analyzed by measuring its products (CysLTs) and applying its inhibitor. The role of CysLT₁R was investigated by applying CysLT receptor antagonists and CysLT₁R knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA). TGF-β 1 release was assayed as well. RESULTS TGF-β 1-induced astrocyte migration was potentiated by LTD₄, but attenuated by the 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and the CysLT₁R antagonist montelukast. The non-selective agonist LTD₄ at 0.1 to 10 nM also induced a mild migration; however, the selective agonist N-methyl-LTC₄ and the selective antagonist Bay cysLT2 for CysLT₂R had no effects. Moreover, CysLT₁R siRNA inhibited TGF-β 1- and LTD₄-induced astrocyte migration by down-regulating the expression of this receptor. However, TGF-β 1 and LTD4 at various concentrations did not affect astrocyte proliferation 24 h after exposure. On the other hand, TGF-β 1 increased 5-LOX expression and the production of CysLTs, and up-regulated CysLT1R (not CysLT₂R), while LTD4 and N-methyl-LTC4 did not affect TGF-β 1 expression and release. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β 1-induced astrocyte migration is, at least in part, mediated by enhanced endogenous CysLTs through activating CysLT₁R. These findings indicate that the interaction between the cytokine TGF-β 1 and the pro-inflammatory mediators CysLTs in the regulation of astrocyte function is relevant to glial scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Parmentier CN, Fuerst E, McDonald J, Bowen H, Lee TH, Pease JE, Woszczek G, Cousins DJ. Human T(H)2 cells respond to cysteinyl leukotrienes through selective expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1136-42. [PMID: 22391114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness associated with T(H)2 cell-mediated inflammation. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent lipid mediators involved in bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and cell trafficking in asthmatic patients. Recent data have implicated CysLTs in the establishment and amplification of T(H)2 responses in murine models, although the precise mechanisms are unresolved. OBJECTIVES Preliminary microarray studies suggested that human T(H)2 cells might selectively express cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1) mRNA. We sought to establish whether human T(H)2 cells are indeed a CysLT target cell type. METHODS We examined the expression of CYSLTR1 using real-time PCR in human T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells. We functionally assessed cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 protein (CysLT(1)) expression using calcium flux, cyclic AMP, and chemotaxis assays. RESULTS We show that human T(H)2 cells selectively express CYSLTR1 mRNA at high levels compared with T(H)1 cells after in vitro differentiation from naive precursors. Human T(H)2 cells are selectively responsive to CysLTs in a calcium flux assay when compared with T(H)1 cells with a rank order of potency similar to that described for CysLT(1) (leukotriene [LT] D(4) > LTC(4) > LTE(4)). We also show that LTD(4)-induced signaling in T(H)2 cells is mediated through CysLT(1) coupled to G(α)q and G(α)i proteins, and both pathways can be completely inhibited by selective CysLT(1) antagonists. LTD(4) is also found to possess potent chemotactic activity for T(H)2 cells at low nanomolar concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a novel mechanism of action for CysLTs in the pathogenesis of asthma and provide a potential explanation for the anti-inflammatory effects of CysLT(1) antagonists.
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Chen LY, Eberlein M, Alsaaty S, Martinez-Anton A, Barb J, Munson PJ, Danner RL, Liu Y, Logun C, Shelhamer JH, Woszczek G. Cooperative and redundant signaling of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene D4 in human monocytes. Allergy 2011; 66:1304-11. [PMID: 21605126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are important immune mediators, often found concomitantly at sites of inflammation. Although some of the leukotriene-mediated actions are distinctive (e.g., bronchial constriction for cysLTs), many activities such as leukocyte recruitment to tissues and amplification of inflammatory responses are shared by both classes of leukotrienes. OBJECTIVE We used human monocytes to characterize leukotriene-specific signaling, gene expression signatures, and functions and to identify interactions between LTB(4)- and cysLTs-induced pathways. METHODS Responsiveness to leukotrienes was assessed using oligonucleotide microarrays, real-time PCR, calcium mobilization, kinase activation, and chemotaxis assays. RESULTS Human monocytes were found to express mRNA for high- and low-affinity LTB(4) receptors, BLT(1) and BLT(2), but signal predominantly through BLT(1) in response to LTB(4) stimulation as shown using selective agonists, inhibitors, and gene knock down experiments. LTB(4) acting through BLT(1) coupled to G-protein α inhibitory subunit activated calcium signaling, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, gene expression, and chemotaxis. Twenty-seven genes, including immediate early genes (IEG), transcription factors, cytokines, and membrane receptors were significantly up-regulated by LTB(4). LTB(4) and LTD(4) had similar effects on signaling, gene expression, and chemotaxis indicating redundant cell activation pathways but costimulation with both lipid mediators was additive for many monocyte functions. CONCLUSION Leukotriene B(4) and LTD(4) display both redundant and cooperative effects on intracellular signaling, gene expression, and chemotaxis in human monocytes. These findings suggest that therapies targeting either leukotriene alone may be less effective than approaches directed at both.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Chen
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Wang L, Du C, Lv J, Wei W, Cui Y, Xie X. Antiasthmatic drugs targeting the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 alleviate central nervous system inflammatory cell infiltration and pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2336-45. [PMID: 21804021 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent proinflammatory mediators and are considered to play a key role in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Antagonists targeting the receptor of CysLTs (CysLT1) are currently used as antiasthmatic drugs. CysLTs have also been implicated in other inflammatory reactions. In this study, we report that in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animals, CysLT1 is upregulated in immune tissue and the spinal cord, and CysLT levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid are also higher than in normal mice. Two clinically used antiasthma drugs, montelukast and zafirlukast, both targeting CysLT1, effectively block the CNS infiltration of inflammatory cells and thus reduce the incidence, peak severity, and cumulative clinical scores. Further study indicated that CysLT1 signaling does not affect the differentiation of pathogenic T helper cells. It might affect the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by increasing the secretion of IL-17 from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cells, increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and inducing chemotaxis of T cells. These effects can be blocked by CysLT1 antagonists. Our findings indicate that the antiasthmatic drugs against CysLT1 can also be used to treat multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liefeng Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor-Based BioMedicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Bäck M, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXIV: Leukotriene Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, and Pathophysiological Functions. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:539-84. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Knight-Perry J, DeBaun MR, Strunk RC, Field JJ. Leukotriene pathway in sickle cell disease: a potential target for directed therapy. Expert Rev Hematol 2011; 2:57-68. [PMID: 21082995 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by recurrent episodes of vaso-occlusion, resulting in tissue ischemia and end-organ damage. Inflammation is critical to the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion and has been associated with SCD-related morbidity and mortality. Despite the impact of inflammation, no directed anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment or prevention of vaso-occlusive events currently exist. Among individuals with SCD, asthma is a comorbid inflammatory condition that increases the risk of pain episodes, acute chest syndrome and death. Inflammation associated with asthma could augment the proinflammatory state of SCD, increasing episodes of vaso-occlusion. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators that play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of asthma and have been associated with SCD-related morbidity. Targeting inflammatory mediators, such as leukotrienes, is a promising approach for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of SCD. This review will examine the relationship between inflammation and vaso-occlusion, with particular focus on the leukotriene pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Knight-Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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28
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Gavala ML, Hill LM, Lenertz LY, Karta MR, Bertics PJ. Activation of the transcription factor FosB/activating protein-1 (AP-1) is a prominent downstream signal of the extracellular nucleotide receptor P2RX7 in monocytic and osteoblastic cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:34288-98. [PMID: 20813842 PMCID: PMC2962527 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.142091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the ionotropic P2RX7 nucleotide receptor by extracellular ATP has been implicated in modulating inflammatory disease progression. Continuous exposure of P2RX7 to ligand can result in apoptosis in many cell types, including monocytic cells, whereas transient activation of P2RX7 is linked to inflammatory mediator production and the promotion of cell growth. Given the rapid hydrolysis of ATP in the circulation and interstitial space, transient activation of P2RX7 appears critically important for its action, yet its effects on gene expression are unclear. The present study demonstrates that short-term stimulation of human and mouse monocytic cells as well as mouse osteoblasts with P2RX7 agonists substantially induces the expression of several activating protein-1 (AP-1) members, particularly FosB. The potent activation of FosB after P2RX7 stimulation is especially noteworthy considering that little is known concerning the role of FosB in immunological regulation. Interestingly, the magnitude of FosB activation induced by P2RX7 stimulation appears greater than that observed with other known inducers of FosB expression. In addition, we have identified a previously unrecognized role for FosB in osteoblasts with respect to nucleotide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis from arachidonic acid and is critical for osteoblastic differentiation and immune behavior. The present studies are the first to link P2RX7 action to FosB/AP-1 regulation in multiple cell types, including a role in nucleotide-induced COX-2 expression, and support a role for FosB in the control of immune and osteogenic function by P2RX7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Gavala
- From the Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and
- the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lindsay M. Hill
- From the Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and
- the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lisa Y. Lenertz
- the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Maya R. Karta
- From the Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and
- the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Paul J. Bertics
- From the Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and
- the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Mondello S, Italiano D, Giacobbe MS, Mondello P, Trimarchi G, Aloisi C, Bramanti P, Spina E. Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves immunological status in anorectic patients. Nutrition 2010; 26:677-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Woszczek G, Chen LY, Alsaaty S, Nagineni S, Shelhamer JH. Concentration-dependent noncysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor-mediated inhibitory activity of leukotriene receptor antagonists. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2219-25. [PMID: 20083671 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) for asthma therapy has been associated with a significant degree of interpatient variability in response to treatment. Some of that variability may be attributable to noncysteinyl leukotriene type 1 receptor (CysLT(1))-mediated inhibitory mechanisms that have been demonstrated for this group of drugs. We used a model of CysLT(1) signaling in human monocytes to characterize CysLT(1)-dependent and -independent anti-inflammatory activity of two chemically different, clinically relevant LTRAs (montelukast and zafirlukast). Using receptor-desensitization experiments in monocytes and CysLT(1)-transfected HEK293 cells and IL-10- and CysLT(1) small interfering RNA-induced downregulation of CysLT(1) expression, we showed that reported CysLT(1) agonists leukotriene D(4) and UDP signal through calcium mobilization, acting on separate receptors, and that both pathways were inhibited by montelukast and zafirlukast. However, 3-log greater concentrations of LTRAs were required for the inhibition of UDP-induced signaling. In monocytes, UDP, but not leukotriene D(4), induced IL-8 production that was significantly inhibited by both drugs at micromolar concentrations. At low micromolar concentrations, both LTRAs also inhibited calcium ionophore-induced leukotriene (leukotriene B(4) and leukotriene C(4)) production, indicating 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activities. We report herein that montelukast and zafirlukast, acting in a concentration-dependent manner, can inhibit non-CysLT(1)-mediated proinflammatory reactions, suggesting activities potentially relevant for interpatient variability in response to treatment. Higher doses of currently known LTRAs or new compounds derived from this class of drugs may represent a new strategy for finding more efficient therapy for bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Woszczek
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Sokolowska M, Wodz-Naskiewicz K, Cieslak M, Seta K, Bednarek AK, Pawliczak R. Variable expression of cysteinyl leukotriene type I receptor splice variants in asthmatic females with different promoter haplotypes. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:63. [PMID: 20003473 PMCID: PMC2805608 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes are potent inflammatory mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Human cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1) gene contains five exons that are variably spliced. Within its promoter few polymorphisms were described. To date, there has been no evidence about the expression of different splice variants of CysLT1 in asthma and their association with CYSLTR1 promoter polymorphisms.The goal of our study was to investigate CysLT1 alternative transcripts expression in asthmatic patients with different CYSLTR1 promoter haplotypes.The study groups consisted of 44 patients with asthma, diagnosed according to GINA 2008 criteria and 18 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA and total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Real-time PCR was performed with specific primers for transcript I [GenBank:DQ131799] and II [GenBank:DQ131800]. Fragments of the CYSLTR1 promoter were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly to identify four single nucleotide polymorphisms: C/T [SNP:rs321029], A/C [SNP:rs2637204], A/G [SNP:rs2806489] and C/T [SNP:rs7066737]. RESULTS The expression of CysLT1 transcript I and II in asthma did not differ from its expression in healthy control group. However, in major alleles homozygotic CAAC/CAAC women with asthma we found significantly higher expression of transcript I as compared to heterozygous CAAC/TCGC women in that loci. CysLT1 transcript I expression tended to negative correlation with episodes of acute respiratory infection in our asthmatic population. Moreover, expression of CysLT1 transcript II in CAAC/CAAC homozygotic women with asthma was significantly lower than in CAAC/CAAC healthy control females. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants of CYSLTR1 promoter might be associated with gender specific expression of CysLT1 alternative transcripts in patients with asthma. CysLT1 splice variants expression might also correlate with the susceptibility to infection in asthmatic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Department of Immunopathology, Chair of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251 str, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Wodz-Naskiewicz
- Department of Immunopathology, Chair of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251 str, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Cieslak
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Chair of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251 str, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Seta
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chair of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 str, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chair of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 str, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Chair of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Medical Science and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251 str, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Capra V, Accomazzo MR, Gardoni F, Barbieri S, Rovati GE. A role for inflammatory mediators in heterologous desensitization of CysLT1 receptor in human monocytes. J Lipid Res 2009; 51:1075-84. [PMID: 19965602 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m003236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cysteinyl-LT) are rapidly generated at sites of inflammation and, in addition to their role in asthma, rhinitis, and other immune disorders, are increasingly regarded as significant inflammatory factors in cancer, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular diseases. We recently demonstrated that in monocyte/macrophage-like U937 cells, extracellular nucleotides heterologously desensitize CysLT(1) receptor (CysLT(1)R)-induced Ca(2+) transients. Given that monocytes express a number of other inflammatory and chemoattractant receptors, this study was aimed at characterizing transregulation between these different stimuli. We demonstrate that in U937 cells and in primary human monocytes, a series of inflammatory mediators activating G(i)-coupled receptor (FPR1, BLT(1)) desensitize CysLT(1)R-induced Ca(2+) response unidirectionally through activation of PKC. Conversely, PAF-R, exclusively coupled to G(q), cross-desensitizes CysLT(1)R without the apparent involvement of any kinase. Interestingly, G(s)-coupled receptors (beta(2)AR, H(1/2)R, EP(2/4)R) are also able to desensitize CysLT(1)R response through activation of PKA. Heterologous desensitization seems to affect mostly the G(i)-mediated signaling of the CysLT(1)R. The hierarchy of desensitization among agonists may be important for leukocyte signal processing at the site of inflammation. Considering that monocytes/macrophages are likely to be the major source of cysteinyl-LT in many immunological and inflammatory processes, shedding light on how their receptors are regulated will certainly help to better understand the role of these cells in orchestrating this complex network of integrated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Capra
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Perry J, Harris RM, Moiani D, Olson AJ, Tainer J. p38alpha MAP kinase C-terminal domain binding pocket characterized by crystallographic and computational analyses. J Mol Biol 2009; 391:1-11. [PMID: 19501598 PMCID: PMC2724755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase protein family has a critical role in cellular signaling events, with MAP kinase p38alpha acting in inflammatory processes and being an important drug discovery target. MAP kinase drug design efforts have focused on small-molecule inhibitors of the ATP catalytic site, which exhibit dose-limiting adverse effects. Therefore, characterizing other potential sites that bind substrates, inhibitors, or allosteric effectors is of great interest. Here, we present the crystal structure of human p38alpha MAP kinase, which has a lead compound bound both in the active site and in the lipid-binding site of the C-terminal cap. This C-terminal cap is formed from an extension to the kinase fold, unique to the MAP kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase families and glycogen synthase kinase 3. Binding of this lead, 4-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyridine, to wild-type p38alpha induces movement of the C-terminal cap region, creating a hydrophobic pocket centered around residue Trp197. Computational analysis of this C-terminal domain pocket indicates notable flexibility for potentially binding different-shaped compounds, including lipids, oxidized arachidonic acid species such as leukotrienes, and small-molecule effectors. Furthermore, our structural results defining the open p38alpha C-lobe pocket provide a detailed framework for the design of novel small molecules with affinities comparable to active-site binders: to bind and potentially modulate the shape and activity of p38alpha in predetermined ways. Moreover, these results and analyses of p38alpha suggest strategies for designing specific binding compounds applicable to other MAP kinases, as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase family and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta that also utilize the C-terminal insert in their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J.P. Perry
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,The School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - R. M Harris
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - D. Moiani
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - A. J. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J.A. Tainer
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Correspondence sent to John A. Tainer, , Tel: (858) 784-8119, Fax: (858) 784-2277
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Lee TH, Woszczek G, Farooque SP. Leukotriene E4: perspective on the forgotten mediator. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:417-21. [PMID: 19482346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene (LT) E(4) mediates many of the principal features of bronchial asthma, such as bronchial constriction, hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and increased vascular permeability. Furthermore, it is the most stable of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and can be active at the site of release for a prolonged time after its synthesis. There might be several reasons why LTE(4) has been forgotten. LTE(4) demonstrated low affinity for CysLT(1) and CysLT(2) receptors in equilibrium competition assays. It was less potent than other CysLTs in functional assays, such as calcium flux, in cells transfected with CysLT(1) and CysLT(2). The introduction of CysLT(1) antagonists into clinical practice diverted interest into CysLT(1)-related mechanisms, which were mediated mainly by LTD(4). However, experiments with animal models and human studies have revealed that LTE(4) has unique characteristics that cannot be explained by the current knowledge of CysLT(1) and CysLT(2). These activities include its potency relative to other CysLTs to increase airway responsiveness to histamine, to enhance eosinophilic recruitment, and to increase vascular permeability. Asthmatic airways also demonstrate marked in vivo relative hyperresponsiveness to LTE(4), especially in patients with aspirin-sensitive respiratory disease. This has stimulated a search for additional LT receptors that would respond preferentially to LTE(4) stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak H Lee
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Barrett NA, Maekawa A, Rahman OM, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y. Dectin-2 recognition of house dust mite triggers cysteinyl leukotriene generation by dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:1119-28. [PMID: 19124755 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.2.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites are a significant source of airborne allergen worldwide, but there is little understanding of how they so potently generate allergic inflammation. We found that extracts from the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and from the mold Aspergillus fumigatus stimulated a rapid and robust production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), proinflammatory lipid mediators, from mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Con A affinity chromatography of the Df extract revealed that the relevant ligand is a glycan(s), suggesting stimulation via a dendritic cell (DC) lectin receptor. Cys-LT production in BMDCs from wild-type mice was inhibited by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors and was abolished in BMDCs from FcRgamma-/- mice, implicating either Dectin-2 or DC immunoactivating receptor. Transfection of each receptor in bone marrow-derived mast cells revealed that only Dectin-2 mediates cys-LT production by Df, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Lentiviral knockdown of Dectin-2 in BMDCs attenuated Df extract-elicited cys-LT generation, thereby identifying Dectin-2 as the receptor. Lung CD11c+ cells, but not peritoneal or alveolar macrophages, also generated cys-LTs in response to Df. These findings place Dectin-2 among the C-type lectin receptors that activate arachidonic acid metabolism and identify the Dectin-2/FcRgamma/Syk/cys-LT axis as a novel mechanism by which three potent indoor allergens may activate innate immune cells to promote allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Cysteinyl (cys) LTs C(4), D(4), and E(4) are long known to contribute to airway contractile responses via ligation of the cysLT1 receptor, and cysLT1 antagonists are beneficial in some patients with asthma. Research advances over the past several years suggest that cysLT1 also mediates the ability of cysLTs to modulate inflammation, immune responses, and airway remodeling. Although less is known about an additional receptor, cysLT2, emerging evidence indicates that it likely also contributes to cysLT actions promoting inflammation, vascular permeability, and perhaps fibrosis. LTB(4), best known as a neutrophil chemoattractant, is now recognized to exert other important effects contributing to inflammatory and immune responses. These recent data highlight a growing appreciation for LTs as pleiotropic effectors, which are integral components in the network of molecules that mediate the expression of asthma.
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Woszczek G, Chen LY, Nagineni S, Shelhamer JH. IL-10 inhibits cysteinyl leukotriene-induced activation of human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:7597-603. [PMID: 18490762 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 plays an essential role in down-modulating adaptive and innate immune responses leading to chronic inflammatory diseases. In contrast, cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), important proinflammatory mediators of cell trafficking and innate immune responses, are thought to enhance immune reactions in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as bronchial asthma, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the IL-10 regulatory role in cysLT-induced activation of human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Herein we show that cysLT-induced activation and chemotaxis of human monocytes and monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (iDC) are inhibited by IL-10 pretreatment. IL-10 down-regulated cysLT type 1 and 2 receptors' mRNA in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. cysLT-induced activation of monocytes and iDCs measured by intracellular calcium flux and immediate-early gene expression (FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogen homolog B and early growth response-2) was potently decreased by IL-10 and by the cysLT antagonist MK571. Chemotaxis of monocytes and iDCs to increasing concentrations of leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) was also inhibited by IL-10. LTD(4) enhanced iDC migration in response to CCL5. IL-10 selectively inhibited LTD(4)-induced chemotaxis without affecting migration to CCL5. These data indicate that cysLT-induced activation of human monocytes and dendritic cells may be specifically inhibited by IL-10, suggesting a direct link between the 5-lipoxygenase proinflammatory pathway and IL-10 regulatory mechanisms. Antileukotriene therapies may reproduce some regulatory mechanisms played by IL-10 in inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Woszczek
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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