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Shi M, Wang H, Zhang X. Dyslipidemia and its associated factors among community adults located in Shangcheng district, Zhejiang province. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4268. [PMID: 38383535 PMCID: PMC10881990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent and an important modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease in China. However, there is little information on the dyslipidemia in Shangcheng district, eastern China. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of dyslipidemia among community adults in this area. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1 to November 30, 2020. The study utilized a multi-stage probability sampling method to enroll permanent residents (those who have resided in this region for 6 months or more) who were 18 years old or above. Firstly, five streets were selected randomly, and then two communities were randomly selected from each of the chosen streets, finally, systematic sampling at the household level was conducted. All participants were interviewed by trained investigators and underwent anthropometric and biochemical measurements using standard criteria. LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and multivariate binary logistic regression were employed to identify the factors associated with dyslipidemia. In total, 3153 participants were enrolled into this study, resulting in a response rate of 93.28%. 33 subjects were excluded because of incomplete data. Finally, 3120 participants with a mean age of 55.26 (SD = 17.97) years were included into analysis. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.96%. 21 variables were screened to multivariate binary logistic regression through the implementation of LASSO method. The multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals aged 40-49 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.197, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.445-3.341], 50-59 (aOR = 3.213, 95% CI 2.121-4.868), 60-69 (aOR = 4.777, 95% CI 3.169-7.201), and 70 and above (aOR = 5.067, 95% CI 3.301-7.777), with an educational level of junior middle school (aOR = 1.503, 95% CI 1.013-2.229), with an educational level of senior middle school (aOR = 1.731, 95% CI 1.25-2.397), with an educational level of under graduate and above (aOR = 2.125, 95% CI 1.46-3.095), without hypertension (aOR = 0.627, 95% CI 0.517-0.76), without diabetes (aOR = 0.625, 95% CI 0.498-0.785), obesity (aOR = 1.887, 95% CI 1.13-3.154), frequent smoking (aOR = 1.727, 95% CI 1.293-2.308), frequent drinking (aOR = 0.738, 95% CI 0.556-0.981), without family history of CVD (aOR = 0.505, 95% CI 0.342-0.744), and daily seafood intakes between 42.87 and 71.43 g (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.05-1.634) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. Gender-stratified analyses showed that aged 70 and above (aOR = 2.127, 95% CI 1.195-3.785), without hypertension (aOR = 0.643, 95% CI 0.484-0.854), without diabetes (aOR = 0.603, 95% CI 0.436-0.834), without CVD (aOR = 0.494, 95% CI 0.309-0.791), without stroke (aOR = 1.767, 95% CI 1.036-3.012), frequent smoking (aOR = 1.951, 95% CI 1.415-2.691), former smoking (aOR = 1.703, 95% CI 1.16-2.502) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia in male. Aged 40-49 (aOR = 3.51, 95% CI 1.789-6.887), 50-59 (aOR = 7.03, 95% CI 3.584-13.791), 60-69 (aOR = 15.728, 95% CI 8.005-30.9), and 70 and above (aOR = 12.929, 95% CI 6.449-25.921), with an educational level of senior middle school (aOR = 1.926, 95% CI 1.288-2.881), with an educational level of under graduate and above (aOR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.75-4.837), without hypertension (aOR = 0.592, 95% CI 0.45-0.779), without diabetes (aOR = 0.619, 95% CI 0.443-0.865), without family history of CVD (aOR = 0.429, 95% CI 0.251-0.733), without family history of cancer (aOR = 0.542, 95% CI 0.316-0.929), daily vegetables intakes between 251 and 500 g (aOR = 0.734, 95% CI 0.545-0.99), daily seafood intakes between 42.87 and 71.43 g (aOR = 1.421, 95% CI 1.04-1.942) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia in female. In the age-stratified analyses, it was found that without hypertension (aOR = 0.522, 95% CI 0.375-0.727) or diabetes (aOR = 0.445, 95% CI 0.267-0.744), obesity (aOR = 2.956, 95% CI 1.258-6.942), frequent smoking (aOR = 1.826, 95% CI 1.196-2.787), showed a significant association with dyslipidemia in individuals aged younger than 60 years. Female (aOR = 1.764, 95% CI 1.316-2.366), with an educational level of junior middle school (aOR = 1.793, 95% CI 1.169-2.749), with an educational level of senior middle school (aOR = 2.002, 95% CI 1.406-2.849), with an educational level of under graduate and above (aOR = 2.849, 95% CI 1.791-4.532), without hypertension (aOR = 0.604, 95% CI 0.477-0.764), without diabetes (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.486-0.818), without CVD (aOR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.473-0.921), frequent smoking (aOR = 1.513, 95% CI 1.02-2.245), former smoking (aOR = 1.647, 95% CI 1.089-2.491), without family history of CVD (aOR = 0.406, 95% CI 0.239-0.692), daily seafood intakes between 42.87 and 71.43 g (aOR = 1.376, 95% CI 1.018-1.859) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia among participants aged 60 and above. Dyslipidemia is a prevalent condition observed among adults residing in Shangcheng district. Risk factors such as gender, age, education, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, obesity, smoking, drinking, family history of cardiovascular disease, family history of cancer, daily vegetables intakes, daily seafood intakes were associated with dyslipidemia and varied across population of different gender and age groups. Enhancing education and promoting self-awareness regarding the necessity of behavior modification and regular medication intake would be beneficial in reducing the occurrence of dyslipidemia among adults in the Shangcheng district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Shi
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Gu D, Wang D, Zhu Q, Luo L, Zhang T. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated factors in sedentary occupational population from Shanghai: a cross-sectional study. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:21. [PMID: 38331828 PMCID: PMC10854172 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but its prevalence and determinants among sedentary occupational population are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors for dyslipidemia among a sedentary occupational population in Shanghai, China. METHODS We collected data from 35,950 sedentary occupational workers on their demographics, social, medical, and family history, lifestyle, anthropometry, and biochemistry. We used the 2016 Chinese guideline for the management of dyslipidemia in adults to define dyslipidemia and its subtypes. We performed multivariate logistic regression to examine the factors associated with dyslipidemia. RESULTS The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 29.10%, with 15.86% for high triglycerides (TG), 6.43% for high total cholesterol (TC), 5.37% for high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and 14.68% for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Men had a significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia than women (39.64% vs. 12.43%, P < 0.01). Factors associated with dyslipidemia included older age, being married, longer sedentary time while resting, frequent intake of animal viscera, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Current drinking was associated with a 1.24 times higher prevalence of high TG (P < 0.01). Current smokers were less likely to have low HDL-C than non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our present study, in a population of 35,950 sedentary occupational workers from Shanghai, demonstrated a prevalence of dyslipidemia, but lower than in other previous studies without the limitation of occupational characteristics. Prevention and control measures for dyslipidemia should take into account the characteristics and related factors for this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Gu
- Department of Information Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Wuxi, 214065, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qinzhong Zhu
- Department of Information Center, Huadong Sanatorium, Wuxi, 214065, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Nunemo MH, Gidebo KD, Woticha EW, Lemu YK. Integration Challenges and Opportunity of Implementing Non-Communicable Disease Screening Intervention with Tuberculosis Patient Care: A Mixed Implementation Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2609-2633. [PMID: 38045564 PMCID: PMC10693204 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s432943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the comorbidity, early detection and treatment of the two diseases are highly recommended; however, a few pilot studies were conducted, which are mainly focused on diabetes mellitus screening and the integration opportunity and challenges were not known. The study aimed to identify integrated implementation challenges and opportunities of non-communicable disease and risk factors screening intervention with tuberculosis patient care. Methods A mixed implementation study design was used. Data were collected from a sample of 443 tuberculosis patients, 21 key informants and facility observations. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics for proportion were summarized in tables and figures. Four distinct implementation frame was adapted for thematic analysis of audio recordings, daily verbatim transcription, and descriptive field notes. Results The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients were 6.55% and 5.64%, respectively. Totally 9 subthemes and 21 new codes were developed, of which 13 and 8 new codes were developed for integrated implementation challenges and opportunities, respectively. The absence of medical equipment, skill and knowledge training, record and report system, cooperative integration, feedback, referral system, shortage of supporting agencies, and services not free were external challenges, whereas lack of trained health workers, focal persons, and increased workload and absence of awareness creation were internal challenges. Despite the challenges, the presence of health extension programs, non-governmental organizations, community health care insurance and associations for diabetes mellitus were external opportunities. Availability of assigned focal persons, trained stakeholders, guidelines, information systems and compatible tuberculosis program structure were internal opportunities. Conclusion The majority of TB patients were not comorbid with NCDs. We build a favourable system for integrated implementation developing an integration platform and structural authority at a different organization by addressing identified challenges and applying facilitators is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kassa Daka Gidebo
- Department of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, South Region, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yohannes Kebede Lemu
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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Nunemo MH, Gidebo KD, Woticha EW, Lemu YK. Predictors of Tuberculosis and Non-Communicable Disease Comorbidities Among Newly Enrolled Tuberculosis Patients, Southern Ethiopia. Integr Blood Press Control 2023; 16:95-109. [PMID: 38023691 PMCID: PMC10666905 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s432251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-communicable diseases are comorbid with tuberculosis, however only a few record review based studies have been conducted, which are more concentrated on elevated glucose levels. This study aimed to assess non-communicable disease comorbidity and its predictors among tuberculosis patients. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study design was used and the data were collected by a previously validated tool from a sample of 443 tuberculosis patients using cluster random sampling methods. Multinomial logistic regression was interpreted by relative risk to predict the association of comorbidity status with independent variables. Results The majority (87.81%) of TB patients were not comorbid with NCDs. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients were 6.55%, and 5.64%, respectively. The people who had a risk score >8 were 6.47 times more likely to have tuberculosis comorbid with one non-communicable disease compared to those with a risk score ≤8. The relative risk of tuberculosis patients with BMI >25 is 3.33 times compared to those with a BMI <23 of being comorbid with one non-communicable disease vs tuberculosis patients without non-communicable diseases. Those tuberculosis patients with an awareness of non-communicable disease comorbidities are 9.33 times more likely to have tuberculosis with multi-comorbidities compared to those who are unaware. Conclusion The majority of TB patients were not comorbid with NCDs. The person's weight, family size of more than five, monthly income >3000 birr, risk score >8 and BMI >25 significantly predict comorbidity with one non-communicable disease compared to those without a comorbidity. The presence of non-communicable disease comorbidity, treatment awareness, and being aged 50+ years significantly predict the presence of multi-comorbidities compared to those without comorbidity. For early detection and management of both diseases, establishing bidirectional screening platforms in tuberculosis care programs is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kassa Daka Gidebo
- Department of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, South Region, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yohannes Kebede Lemu
- Department of Health, Behaviour and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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Majumder N, Das R, Debbarma R, Majumder N, De S. Lipid profile abnormalities & 10 yr risk of CVD assessment among adult in North East India: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:269-275. [PMID: 37815069 PMCID: PMC10720972 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2683_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives In India, lifestyle changes have contributed to increase in the number of people suffering from lipid profile abnormalities, which is a major risk factor for coronary artery diseases. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of lipid profile abnormalities and 10 yr risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the adult population in west Tripura district and to study the association of lipid profile abnormalities and increased CVD risk with sociodemography, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, random blood sugar (RBS) and haemoglobin level. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 445 adults of 20 to 60 yr of age from a randomly selected block in west Tripura district. The 10 yr risk of CVD was estimated using the Framingham Risk Assessment Tool. Results The study revealed that overall 83.4 per cent adult population had lipid profile abnormalities, with 22.2, 42 and 70.3 per cent of participants having hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and low high-density lipoprotein level, respectively. Gender (P=0.02) and BMI (P<0.001) were the significant determinants of dyslipidaemia. Only 3.8 per cent of participants had intermediate or high risk of CVD, with all of them being males. Gender, age, occupation and RBS were significantly associated with increased CVD risk. Interpretation & conclusions The study revealed a high burden of lipid profile abnormalities in the study population, with males having more risk of CVD. Hence, periodic screening of lipid profile abnormalities and risk of CVD should be incorporated at the primary care level to combat the CVD epidemic in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilratan Majumder
- Department of Paediatrics, Amaltas Institute of Medical Science, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rituparna Das
- Department of Community Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Ripan Debbarma
- Department of Paediatrics, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Nilanjan Majumder
- Department of Paediatrics, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Suranjana De
- Division of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Ali N, Kathak RR, Fariha KA, Taher A, Islam F. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among university academic staff and students in Bangladesh. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:366. [PMID: 37479968 PMCID: PMC10362587 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is one of the important contributors to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. There is little or no information on dyslipidemia among academic staff and students in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors related to dyslipidemia among university academic staff and students in Bangladesh. METHODS A total of 533 participants (302 academic staff and 231 students) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A simple random sampling technique was used to enrol the participants. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the participants, and serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using the standard methods. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III) model guideline. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors related to lipid marker abnormalities. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 81.5%, of which 85% was in staff and 76.5% in students. A significant difference was found in the prevalence of dyslipidemia between males and females only in the student group (p < 0.01). Among staff, hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 49.7%, hypercholesterolemia 23%, high LDL-C 24.7% and low HDL-C 77.3%. On the other hand, hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 39%, hypercholesterolemia 25.6%, high LDL-C 26.5% and low HDL-C 69.3% among students. The most common lipid abnormality was low HDL-C in both groups. The prevalence of mixed dyslipidemia was 14.2% and 14.1% in staff and students, respectively. According to the regression analysis, increased age, obesity, diabetes, and inadequate physical activity were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidemia was prevalent among the majority of the study participants. Increased age, obesity, diabetes, and inadequate physical activity were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. The study's results highlight the importance of implementing interventions to address the associated risk factors of dyslipidemia among academic staff and students in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurshad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Rahanuma Raihanu Kathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Khandaker Atkia Fariha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Taher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
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Xia Q, Chen Y, Yu Z, Huang Z, Yang Y, Mao A, Qiu W. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186330. [PMID: 37476570 PMCID: PMC10354280 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers have conducted a considerable number of epidemiological studies on dyslipidemia in China over recent years. Nevertheless, a representative study to comprehensively appraise for the epidemiological status of dyslipidemia is still lacked. This meta-analysis is intended to explore the pooled prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia among adults in Chinese Mainland. Materials and methods A systematic review was performed on relevant cross-sectional studies published since January 2012 by searching six authoritative literature databases. Meta-analyses were conducted in included studies based on a random-effect model to summarize the epidemiological status of dyslipidemia in China. A potential source of heterogeneity was detected by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and funnel plots. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the study quality's influence on the pooled estimate of prevalence and rates of awareness, treatment, and control. Results Forty-one original researches with a total of 1,310,402 Chinese participants were finally included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence, rates of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were 42.1%, 18.2%, 11.6%, and 5.4%, respectively. With a pooled prevalence estimate at 24.5%, low HDL-C was the most prevalent among various dyslipidemia types, followed by hypertriglyceridemia (TG) (15.4%), hypercholesterolemia (TC) (8.3%), and high LDL-C (7.1%). The pooled prevalence of elevated serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] was 19.4%. By gender, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 47.3% in males and 38.8% in females. Subgroup analyses revealed that the prevalence in southern and urban areas were higher than their counterparts. Females and population in urban areas tended to possess higher rates of awareness, treatment, and control. Meta-regression analyses suggested that the year of screening influenced prevalence estimates for dyslipidemia. The impact of the study's quality on the pooled estimates is insignificant. Conclusion Our study suggested a severe epidemic situation of dyslipidemia among adults in Chinese Mainland. More importantly, the awareness, treatment, and control rates were extremely low, revealing that dyslipidemia is a grave health issue. Consequently, we should attach more importance to the management of dyslipidemia, especially in economically underdeveloped areas. Systematic review registration PROSPERO [CRD42022366456].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhang Xia
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zijing Yu
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyue Huang
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ayan Mao
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wuqi Qiu
- Institute of Medical Information/Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ali N, Samadder M, Kathak RR, Islam F. Prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280672. [PMID: 36662845 PMCID: PMC9857990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is one of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults. METHODS A total of 603 participants aged ≥ 18 years were recruited in the study. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Dyslipidemia was defined based on serum lipids levels following the standard guidelines by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate risk factors associated with dyslipidemia. RESULTS The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 89% with no significant difference between male (90.1%) and female (85.7) subjects. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 51.7%, hypercholesterolemia 41.6%, high LDL 43.9% and low HDL 78.8%. When participants were classified into healthy control, hypertensive and diabetic groups, the lipid levels and prevalence of lipid abnormalities were higher in hypertensive and diabetic groups compared to the control group. Low HDL level was the main prevalent dyslipidemia among study subjects. The prevalence of isolated hypertriglyceridemia, isolated hypercholesterolemia, and isolated low HDL-C was 24.7%, 14.7%, and 25.5%, respectively. Mixed hyperlipidemia was prevalent in 26.9% of the participants. According to the logistic regression analysis, significant associated factors of dyslipidemia were increased age, overweight, general and abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes and inadequate physical activity. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults. Important risk factors of dyslipidemia are increased age, overweight, general and abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension and low physical activity. Our results suggest that awareness-raising programs are required to prevent and control dyslipidemia among Bangladeshi adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurshad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mitu Samadder
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Rahanuma Raihanu Kathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Elsayed MMA, Aboelez MO, Mohamed MS, Mahmoud RA, El-Shenawy AA, Mahmoud EA, Al-Karmalawy AA, Santali EY, Alshehri S, Elsadek MEM, El Hamd MA, Ramadan AEH. Tailoring of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Atenolol Bilayer Tablets for the Management of Hyperlipidemia Associated with Hypertension: A Preclinical Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081629. [PMID: 36015255 PMCID: PMC9412892 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is still the leading cause of heart disease in patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study is to make rosuvastatin calcium (ROS) and atenolol (AT) bilayer tablets to treat coexisting dyslipidemia and hypertension with a single product. ROS was chosen for the immediate-release layer of the constructed tablets, whereas AT was chosen for the sustained-release layer. The solid dispersion of ROS with sorbitol (1:3 w/w) was utilized in the immediate-release layer while hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose (EC), and sodium bicarbonate were incorporated into the floating sustained-release layer. The concentrations of HPMC and EC were optimized by employing 32 full factorial designs to sustain AT release. The bilayer tablets were prepared by the direct compression method. The immediate-release layer revealed that 92.34 ± 2.27% of ROS was released within 60 min at a pH of 1.2. The second sustained-release layer of the bilayer tablets exhibited delayed release of AT (96.65 ± 3.36% within 12 h) under the same conditions. The release of ROS and AT from the prepared tablets was found to obey the non-Fickian diffusion and mixed models (zero-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas), respectively. Preclinical studies using rabbit models investigated the impact of ROS/AT tablets on lipid profiles and blood pressure. A high-fat diet was used to induce obesity in rabbits. Bilayer ROS/AT tablets had a remarkable effect on decreasing the lipid profiles, slowing weight gain, and lowering blood pressure to normal levels when compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.E.); or (M.A.E.H.); Tel.: +20-1227-6604-70 (M.M.A.E.); +966-5541-17991 (M.A.E.H.)
| | - Moustafa O. Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Reda A. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Shenawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Essam A. Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Eman Y. Santali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed A. El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.M.A.E.); or (M.A.E.H.); Tel.: +20-1227-6604-70 (M.M.A.E.); +966-5541-17991 (M.A.E.H.)
| | - Abd El hakim Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42515, Egypt
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Huang C, Zhang WQ, Tang WW, Liu Y, Liu JX, Xu RH, Zhao SP, Wang TD, Huang XB. Prevalence and related factors of dyslipidemia among urban adults aged 35 to 79 years in Southwestern China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17579. [PMID: 34475467 PMCID: PMC8413428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its related factors among urban adults aged 35 to 79 years in Southwestern China. From September 2013 to March 2014, a multi-stage sampling was conducted, and a total of 10,221 people aged 35-79 years living in Chengdu and Chongqing were included. More than 30 investigators were trained in data collection, including questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood biomarkers testing. The prevalence of high triglycerides (≥ 2.3 mmol/L), high total cholesterol (≥ 6.2 mmol/L), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥ 4.1 mmol/L), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (< 1.0 mmol/L), and dyslipidemia were 15.7% (95% confidence interval, 15.0-16.4%), 5.4% (4.9-5.8%), 2.5% (2.2-2.8%), 5.7% (5.3-6.2%), and 27.4% (26.5-28.2%), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was positively correlated with higher education level, monthly income over 2000 CNY, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity, and central obesity, and negatively correlated with daily physical exercise. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Southwestern China is lower than the national average level, with high triglycerides being the most common form of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Tang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong-Hua Xu
- Stroke Center, Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shui-Ping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Cent S Univ, Xiangya Hosp 2, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Tzung-Dau Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ahmmed MS, Shuvo SD, Paul DK, Karim MR, Kamruzzaman M, Mahmud N, Ferdaus MJ, Elahi MT. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among newly diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in Kushtia, Bangladesh. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 1:e0000003. [PMID: 36962092 PMCID: PMC10021199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is considered a significant modifiable risk factor for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has become one of the emerging health problems throughout the world. In Bangladesh, data on dyslipidemia among newly diagnosed T2DM patients are comparatively inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated risk factors in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted by a well-structured questionnaire from 132 newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic patients attending the Mujibur Rahman Memorial Diabetic Hospital in Kushtia, Bangladesh. Data regarding socio-demographic, anthropometric, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were collected from all the respondents. The association between dyslipidemia and its associated factors was analyzed using the multivariate logit regression model. The findings suggest that the prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was 75.7% in female and 72.6% in male T2DM patients. The odds of having dyslipidemia were 1.74 (95% Cl: 1.58-1.87) times significantly higher in female (p<0.001). The other factors associated with dyslipidemia encompassed age between 30-39 years (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.97-2.69), obesity (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 2.27-2.90), waist circumferences of male ≥90 and female ≥80 (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.59-1.89), hypertensive patients (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.45-1.74), physically inactive (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.84-4.68), and current smoker or tobacco user (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.85-2.13). This study concluded that the high prevalence of dyslipidemia was found among newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes patients and associated with gender, age, BMI, waist circumference, poor physical activity, and smoking, or tobacco use. This result will support increase awareness of dyslipidemia and its associated risk factors among type-2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saad Ahmmed
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Training on Applied Nutrition (BIRTAN), Jhenaidah, Bangladesh
| | - Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Dipak Kumar Paul
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - M R Karim
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamruzzaman
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Niaz Mahmud
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States of America
| | - Md Jannatul Ferdaus
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Toufiq Elahi
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
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Atorvastatin Increases the Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs ARSR and CHROME in Hypercholesterolemic Patients: A Pilot Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110382. [PMID: 33198086 PMCID: PMC7696809 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin is extensively used to treat hypercholesterolemia. However, the wide interindividual variability observed in response to this drug still needs further elucidation. Nowadays, the biology of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is better understood, and some of these molecules have been related to cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, they could provide additional information on variability in response to statins. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on three lncRNAs (lncRNA ARSR: Activated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sunitinib resistance, ENST00000424980; lncRNA LASER: lipid associated single nucleotide polymorphism locus, ENSG00000237937; and lncRNA CHROME: cholesterol homeostasis regulator of miRNA expression, ENSG00000223960) associated with genes involved in cholesterol metabolism as predictors of lipid-lowering therapy performance. Twenty hypercholesterolemic patients were treated for four weeks with atorvastatin (20 mg/day). The lipid profile was determined before and after drug administration using conventional assays. The expression of lncRNAs was assessed in peripheral blood samples by RT-qPCR. As expected, atorvastatin improved the lipid profile, decreasing total cholesterol, LDL-C, and the TC/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.0001) while increasing the expression of lncRNAs ARSR and CHROME (p < 0.0001) upon completion of treatment. LASER did not show significant differences among the groups (p = 0.50). Our results indicate that atorvastatin modulates the expression of cholesterol-related lncRNAs differentially, suggesting that these molecules play a role in the variability of response to this drug; however, additional studies are needed to disclose the implication of this differential regulation on statin response.
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Zhang H, Kwapong WR, Shao MM, Yan JY, Lin XD, Chen BB, Chen KY. Predictors of the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Influencing Factors for Young Health Examination Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Public Health 2020; 8:400. [PMID: 33072681 PMCID: PMC7538625 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated influencing factors in young adults in the southeastern coastal area of China. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional survey and included 7,859 young people who underwent examinations at three hospitals in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. All subjects completed a questionnaire in the form of face-to-face interviews and underwent anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests. The continuous data are presented as the means ± standard deviations and were compared using Student's t-tests. The categorical variables are presented as proportions. The influencing factors associated with dyslipidemia were evaluated through a multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among young adults aged 18-45 years in the southeastern coast of China was high with 7.1, 15.0, 22.9, and 4.0% for high-total cholesterol (TC), high-triglyceride (TG), low-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Among those with dyslipidemia, a statistically significant difference in sex was observed, and all types of dyslipidemia were associated with smoking and alcohol consumption. However, those with high-TG, high-LDL, and low-HDL levels did not significantly differ in education level or occupation. The presence of dyslipidemia was significantly associated with increased age, the male sex (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.39-2.21), smoking (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.98-2.13), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16-1.63), overweight or obesity (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.79-2.41), and intellectual work (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11-1.72). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among young adults aged 18-45 years in the southeastern coast of China was high. To prevent dyslipidemia at an early age, it is essential to conduct effective intervention programs targeting risk factors and to implement routine screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Meng-Meng Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jue-Yue Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xian-Da Lin
- Department of Neurology, Wenzhou Peoples' Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo-Bei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke-Yang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Xi Y, Niu L, Cao N, Bao H, Xu X, Zhu H, Yan T, Zhang N, Qiao L, Han K, Hang G, Wang W, Zhang X. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adults aged ≥35 years in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1068. [PMID: 32631296 PMCID: PMC7339536 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence has increased continuously over the last 30 years in China. Dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor in CVD. We aimed to collect current data on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in northern China and explore potential influencing factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we selected a representative sample of 65,128 participants aged ≥35 years in Inner Mongolia during 2015–2017. All participants completed a questionnaire and were examined for risk factors. Dyslipidemia was defined according to 2016 Chinese guidelines for adults. The associated factors for dyslipidemia were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The age-standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 31.2% overall, with 4.3, 2.4, 14.7, and 17.4% for high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), respectively. The dyslipidemia prevalence was significantly higher in men than women (37.9% vs. 27.5%, P < 0.001), but postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia components (except low HDL-C). Compared with Han participants, Mongol participants had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia (29.1% vs. 31.4%, P < 0.001). Male sex, living in urban areas, Han ethnicity, smoking, obesity, central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were all positively correlated with dyslipidemia; alcohol consumption was linked to lower risk of dyslipidemia. Conclusions Our study revealed that dyslipidemia is a health problem in northern China. Greater efforts to prevent and manage dyslipidemia, especially in men under age 55 years, postmenopausal women, and people with unhealthy lifestyles or chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Niu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Ning Cao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Han Bao
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Xu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China
| | - Liying Qiao
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Han
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Gai Hang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, 50 Ordos street, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, 010000, P.R. China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- Public Health College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Province, PR China.
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Fang Y, Li XH, Qiao Y, Wang N, Xie P, Zhou G, Su P, Ma HY, Song JY. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Tibetan Monks from Gansu Province, Northwest China. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:152-158. [PMID: 33987472 PMCID: PMC8114783 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan monks have a special way of life and food habits, however, little is known about their dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and risk factors of this population. A cross-sectional study of dyslipidemia was conducted in 876 Tibetan monks and 912 local residents in the same area. All subjects underwent interviews and physical examinations. The total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) of the subjects were analyzed. Compared to local residents, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in monks was 29.5%, which was significantly lower (p<0.05). It was increased with higher age and BMI, but reduced with higher educational level (p<0.05). The typical forms of dyslipidemia in monks were elevated TG and low HDL-C, while it was lower HDL-C in residents (p<0.05). Our study demonstrated that monks in Gannan Tibetan autonomous district had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia. It suggested that the relatively healthy lifestyle and food habits of monks were mainly responsible of the lower prevalence of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xing-Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ji-Yang Song
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
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Alzaheb RA, Altemani AH. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dyslipidemia Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4033-4040. [PMID: 33149642 PMCID: PMC7604430 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s246068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia is a key clinical abnormality among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, which heightens their risk of cardiovascular events. Data on the serum lipid profile of type 2 DM (T2DM) patients in Saudi Arabia are scarce. This study therefore aimed to establish dyslipidemia prevalence in a sample of adult T2DM patients in Saudi Arabia and to investigate its associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was applied to 400 adult T2DM outpatients in attendance at a diabetic center clinic in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia between September 2017 and December 2018 using convenience sampling. Structured questionnaires gathered data relating to the potential risk factors for dyslipidemia. Data on fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were collected from all participants along with their height and weight measurements. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then used to evaluate the associated risk factors for dyslipidemia. RESULTS Of the sampled outpatients, 47.8% had high TC levels, 39.0% had high LDL-C, 35.5% had low HDL-C, 42.8% had high TG levels, and 66.5% had a minimum of one abnormal lipid level (dyslipidemia). The risk factors associated with dyslipidemia were an age of >40 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.96, 95% CI 1.19-3.22), irregular exercise (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.21-6.92), a family history of T2DM (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI 2.22-6.23), having had T2DM for >7 years (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.46-3.99), and overweight (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.49-4.58) or obesity (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.24-5.05). CONCLUSION Dyslipidemia prevalence was found to be high among T2DM patients. Therefore, a compressive mechanism is needed which can screen, treat, and inform them about dyslipidemia and its risk factors, especially modifiable ones such as obesity and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh A Alzaheb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Riyadh A Alzaheb Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk71491, Saudi ArabiaTel/Fax +966-144-562-723 Email
| | - Abdullah H Altemani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Epidemiology of Dyslipidemia Among Adult Population of Bangladesh. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rjdnmd-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims: evatedEl level serum of lipids stimulate atherosclerosis, which is the risk factor for stroke, peripheral vascular taeohrrratrrocvtra disease. The aim of this study was to explore the pattern and associated factors of dyslipidemia among Bangladeshi adult population.
Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient department (OPD) of four Medical College Hospitals, Bangladesh. 200 adults aged 20 to 65 years diagnosed case of dyslipidemia were randomly selected. Fasting CHO, HDL, LDL and TG were measured. According to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), dyslipidemia was classified into (a) Hyper-lipidemia: TC>200 mg/dl, TG>150 mg/dl, (b) Hyper cholesterolemia: TC>200 mg/dl, (c) Hyper-triglyceridemia: TG>150 mg/dl, and (d) Atherogenic-dyslipidemia: TG>150 mg/dl, LDLC>165 mg/dl.
Results: Study found 46% hyperlipidemia, 37% atherogenic dyslipidemia, 13.5% hypercholesterolemia and only 3.5% hypertriglyceridemia. BMI, FBS and HDL-C were significantly higher among female compare to male (p=<0.01, <0.01 and 0.04 respectively). TC and TG were significantly higher among higher calorie intake group in compare to normal intake group (p=0.04).
Conclusions: Results of this study concluded that hyperlipidemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia are common and female dyslipidemic patients are susceptible to develop higher BMI, FBS, and HDL-C.
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Das H, Banik S. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among the diabetic patients in southern Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:252-257. [PMID: 30641707 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease which has a vast mortality rate throughout the world. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia can avoid risk for cardiovascular disorder in diabetic patients. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and pattern of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross sectional study was performed in several specialized diabetic hospital of Noakhali, a southern district of Bangladesh. All known cases of diabetes mellitus were evaluated for their lipid profile. A total number of 1008 patients were included in the study having 683 (67.8%) female and 325 (32.2%) male subjects. RESULTS The prevalence of dyslipidemia among the male subjects was 73% while among female subjects 71%. Among diabetic males the percentage of high serum Cholesterol, high serum TG (Triglyceride), low HDL (High density cholesterol) and high LDL (Low density cholesterol) was 35.69%, 44.31%, 50.15% and 72.92% respectively, whereas the female had the percentage at 35.29%, 40.85%, 49.49% and 70.57% respectively. CONCLUSION Majority portion of the study subjects were dyslipidemic. The most prevalent pattern among both male and female was high level of LDL and low level of HDL. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Bangladesh is significantly high, which indicates the urgency of lifestyle intervention strategies to prevent and manage this important health problem and risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrishov Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Banik
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Anand T, Kishore J, Isaakidis P, Gupte HA, Kaur G, Kumari S, Jha D, Grover S. Integrating screening for non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in routine tuberculosis care in Delhi, India: A mixed-methods study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202256. [PMID: 30138331 PMCID: PMC6107155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence supports the integration of prevention and management for tuberculosis (TB) with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Bi-directional screening for TB and diabetes mellitus (DM) is already implemented in India, a country with a dual burden of TB and NCDs. However, very limited programmatic data are available on the feasibility of adding other NCDs and their risk factors in such screening programme. Objective To assess the yield, feasibility, and acceptability of a two-stage integrated screening for NCDs and risk factors for NCDs among patients with TB ≥20 years and treated in DOTS centres of two medical colleges in Delhi, between October 2016 and March 2017. Methods It was a mixed-methods, triangulation study with a quantitative component (cross-sectional study using questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and records review) and a qualitative component (descriptive study using interview data). Results Amongst 403 patients screened, the prevalence of hypertension was 7% (n = 28) with 20 new cases detected and 8% for DM (n = 32) with 6 new cases diagnosed. The number needed to screen to find a new case was 20 and 63 for hypertension and DM respectively. The most frequent NCD-risk factors were inadequate vegetable (80%) and fruits (72%) intake, alcohol use (34%), use of smokeless tobacco (33%) and smoking (32%). Clustering of four or more risk factors was associated with increasing age and male sex (p<0.05). Both patients and health providers considered the screening relevant and acceptable. However, waiting time and costs involved in blood tests were considered as bothersome by the patients, while health providers perceived increased workload, inadequate medical supplies and inadequate skills and knowledge as key challenges in implementation of the screening. Conclusion Integrating screening for NCDs and their risk factors in the existing TB programme produces high yield and it is feasible and acceptable by patients and health providers provided the challenges are overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Anand
- Department of Community Medicine, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College, Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Jugal Kishore
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College & Safdurjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Research Unit, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | | | - Gurmeet Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College, Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Community Medicine, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College & Safdurjung Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Diwakar Jha
- Department of Community Medicine, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College, Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shekhar Grover
- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
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Zhu Q, Wang XB, Yao Y, Ning CX, Chen XP, Luan FX, Zhao YL. Association between anthropometric measures and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Hainan centenarians: investigation based on the Centenarian's health study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:73. [PMID: 29716519 PMCID: PMC5930491 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Centenarians refer to a special group who have outlived most of their fellows. Body shape and abdominal obesity have been identified as cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and CVD risk factors among male and female centenarians in Hainan province. Methods Five hundred thirty-seven centenarians aged between 100 and 115 (Mage = 107 years old) years participated in this study. Each participant received a standardized questionnaire and physical examination. We measured anthropometric variables (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, SBP and DBP) and serum lipid (TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C). Results 76.9% (n = 413) of the study subjects were female. TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly higher in female group than that of male group. BMI, WC and WHtR were well-correlated with the CVD risk factors. The anthropometric measures were negatively related with HDL-C levels and positively related with the other CVD risk factors. Conclusions Hainan centenarians were short in stature and underweight. Moreover, female centenarians were often pear-shaped, while male centenarians were often apple-shaped. Further, BMI, WC and WHtR were well-correlated with the serum lipid, and TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were significantly higher in females than males. Also, BMI, WC and WHtR were closely related to the incidence of dyslipidemia in females, including high TG, high LDL-C and low HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhu
- Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Department of Military Education and Training, Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, Yantai, 264001, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Chao-Xue Ning
- Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Fu-Xin Luan
- Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Ya-Li Zhao
- Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572000, China.
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Tripathy JP, Thakur JS, Jeet G, Chawla S, Jain S, Pal A, Prasad R. Burden and risk factors of dyslipidemia-results from a STEPS survey in Punjab India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S21-S27. [PMID: 27595388 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Raised blood cholesterol is an important risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Globally, one third of ischaemic heart disease is attributable to high cholesterol. This article reports prevalence of dyslipidemia in the North Indian state of Punjab as part of a large household Non Communicable Disease (NCD) Risk Factor Survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS A household NCD STEPS survey was done in the state of Punjab, India in a multistage stratified sample of 5127 individuals. All the subjects were administered the WHO STEPS questionnaire, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Every alternate respondent in the sample (n=2499) were assayed for lipid parameters. RESULTS Over one fourth (27%) of the general adult population covered in this survey have either raised cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Hypercholesterolemia was found in 9.8% and hypertriglyceridemia in 21.6% of the population with no urban rural difference in both the sexes. Presence of more than 2 morbidities, diabetes and hypertension were significantly associated with all types of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS The study reported high prevalence of dyslipidemia, calling for an urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- Operational Research Fellow, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, The Union South East Asia Office, New Delhi, India.
| | - J S Thakur
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Gursimer Jeet
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sohan Chawla
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Fan Y, Huang JJ, Sun CM, Qiao N, Zhang HX, Wang H, Tao R, Shen YN, Wang T. Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and risk factors in Chinese coal miners: a cross-sectional survey study. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:161. [PMID: 28835245 PMCID: PMC5569536 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although coal miners are susceptible to dyslipidaemia owing to their highly risky and stressful working environment as well as unhealthy lifestyle, very few studies have focused on this issue thus far. Therefore, this study investigated the current epidemiological characteristics of dyslipidaemia among Chinese coal miners. Methods Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were gathered from 4341 coal miners in China. Dyslipidaemia was diagnosed based on the serum lipid levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the related risk factors for dyslipidaemia. Results The average concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 5.01 ± 0.93 mmol/L, 1.90 ± 1.72 mmol/L, 1.21 ± 0.35 mmol/L, and 3.15 ± 0.80 mmol/L, respectively. Additionally, 38.08% of participants had a high TC level, 25.84% had a low HDL-C level, 35.08% had a high LDL-C level, and 40.46% had a high TG level. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 68.28% (95% CI: 66.90–69.66%). Factors associated with dyslipidaemia were age, sex, marital status, monthly family income, type of work, length of service, smoking status, smoking index, drinking status, alcohol consumption per day, elevated fasting glucose, hypertension, obesity and abdominal obesity. Conclusions Our study’s results indicated a very high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among Chinese coal miners and identified various risk factors for dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, TaiYuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, DaTong, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen-Ming Sun
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, DaTong, Shanxi, China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Institute for Bacteria disease prevention and control & disinfection, Hebei province center for disease control and prevention, ShiJiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Nan Shen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, TaiYuan, Shanxi, China.
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Busingye D, Arabshahi S, Evans RG, Srikanth VK, Kartik K, Kalyanram K, Riddell MA, Zhu X, Suresh O, Thrift AG. Factors associated with awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a disadvantaged rural Indian population. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:347-353. [PMID: 28054571 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a rural setting in India. Following screening of the population, all individuals with hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ⩾140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medications) were invited to participate in this study. We measured BP, height, weight, skinfolds, waist and hip circumference, and administered a questionnaire to obtain information regarding socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. We recruited 277 individuals with hypertension. Awareness (43%), treatment (33%) and control (27%) of hypertension were poor. Greater distance to health services (odds ratio (OR) 0.56 (95% confidence interval (CI)) 0.32-0.98) was associated with poor awareness of hypertension while having had BP measured within the previous year (OR 4.72, 95% CI 2.71-8.22), older age and greater per cent body fat were associated with better awareness. Factors associated with treatment of hypertension were having had BP measured within the previous year (OR 6.18, 95% CI 3.23-11.82), age ⩾65 years, physical inactivity and greater per cent body fat. The only factor associated with control of hypertension was greater per cent body fat (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.11). Improving geographic access and utilisation of health services should improve awareness and treatment of hypertension in this rural population. Further research is necessary to determine drivers of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Busingye
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Arabshahi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R G Evans
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - V K Srikanth
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Kartik
- Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Kalyanram
- Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M A Riddell
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - X Zhu
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - O Suresh
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Rishi Valley Rural Health Centre, Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A G Thrift
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Qi L, Ding X, Tang W, Li Q, Mao D, Wang Y. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Dyslipidemia in Chongqing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13455-65. [PMID: 26516874 PMCID: PMC4627042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121013455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia has become a worldwide public health problem, and the prevalence varies widely according to socioeconomic, cultural and ethnic characteristics. Chongqing has experienced rapid economic development and is now the economic center of Southwestern China. There are scant data on serum lipid profile of residents in Chongqing, the largest municipality directly under the Central Government in China. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 5375 residents of Chongqing, aged ≥18 years, and estimated the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated risk factors. According to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, the age-standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 35.5% (34.4% among men and 37.6% among women). Among the 2009 patients with dyslipidemia, 44.2% had isolated hypertriglyceridemia, 14.7% had isolated hypercholesterolemia, 13.2% had mixed hyperlipidemia, and 28.0% had isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The peak prevalence of dyslipidemia in men was between 30 and 39 years (48.2%), and then declined gradually; in women, the prevalence of dyslipidemia increased with age, with the peak prevalence occurring after age 60 (46.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that dyslipidemia was associated with age, education level, physical activity, obesity and central obesity for both men and women. In conclusion, the results indicated dyslipidemia, particularly hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, are very common in Chongqing. To prevent dyslipidemia, it is essential to conduct appropriate intervention programs aimed at risk factor reduction and implement routine screening programs for blood lipid levels in Chongqing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Prevention Medicine, the 3rd Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xianbin Ding
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Wenge Tang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Deqiang Mao
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Yulin Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Ni WQ, Liu XL, Zhuo ZP, Yuan XL, Song JP, Chi HS, Xu J. Serum lipids and associated factors of dyslipidemia in the adult population in Shenzhen. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:71. [PMID: 26168792 PMCID: PMC4501051 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is one of the most important independent modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for dyslipidemia in Shenzhen, a special economic zone and large metropolitan area neighboring Hong Kong. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 1,995 adults with a mean age of 46.56 years was conducted between February and July 2011 using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling. All the subjects were administered questionnaires regarding socio-demographic characteristics and other possible factors associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to assess the lipid profile. Weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. RESULTS The mean concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were 5.11 ± 1.15 mmol/L, 1.59 ± 1.47 mmol/L, 1.42 ± 0.33 mmol/L, and 3.22 ± 0.84 mmol/L, respectively. High values of TC, TG, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C were obtained in 14.49%, 16.14%, 8.82%, and 12.13 % of the 1,995 participants, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 34.64%, among which 25.04% of subjects were aware. Presence of dyslipidemia was significantly associated with increasing age, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of dyslipidemia with relative low awareness in Shenzhen was found. A comprehensive strategy is required for the prevention, screening, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia in Shenzhen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Ni
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021, Buxin Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021, Buxin Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhuo
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021, Buxin Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
| | - Xue-Li Yuan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021, Buxin Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
| | - Jin-Ping Song
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021, Buxin Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
| | - Hong-Shan Chi
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021, Buxin Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.2021, Buxin Rd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, P.R. China.
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Prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban and rural India: the ICMR-INDIAB study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96808. [PMID: 24817067 PMCID: PMC4016101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the pattern and prevalence of dyslipidemia in a large representative sample of four selected regions in India. Methods Phase I of the Indian Council of Medical Research–India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study was conducted in a representative population of three states of India [Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Jharkhand] and one Union Territory [Chandigarh], and covered a population of 213 million people using stratified multistage sampling design to recruit individuals ≥20 years of age. All the study subjects (n = 16,607) underwent anthropometric measurements and oral glucose tolerance tests were done using capillary blood (except in self-reported diabetes). In addition, in every 5th subject (n = 2042), a fasting venous sample was collected and assayed for lipids. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed using National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) guidelines. Results Of the subjects studied, 13.9% had hypercholesterolemia, 29.5% had hypertriglyceridemia, 72.3% had low HDL-C, 11.8% had high LDL-C levels and 79% had abnormalities in one of the lipid parameters. Regional disparity exists with the highest rates of hypercholesterolemia observed in Tamilnadu (18.3%), highest rates of hypertriglyceridemia in Chandigarh (38.6%), highest rates of low HDL-C in Jharkhand (76.8%) and highest rates of high LDL-C in Tamilnadu (15.8%). Except for low HDL-C and in the state of Maharashtra, in all other states, urban residents had the highest prevalence of lipid abnormalities compared to rural residents. Low HDL-C was the most common lipid abnormality (72.3%) in all the four regions studied; in 44.9% of subjects, it was present as an isolated abnormality. Common significant risk factors for dyslipidemia included obesity, diabetes, and dysglycemia. Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia is very high in India, which calls for urgent lifestyle intervention strategies to prevent and manage this important cardiovascular risk factor.
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Garg A, Anand T, Sharma U, Kishore J, Chakraborty M, Ray PC, Ingle GK. Prevalence of Risk Factors for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases Using WHO Steps Approach in an Adult Population in Delhi. J Family Med Prim Care 2014; 3:112-8. [PMID: 25161966 PMCID: PMC4139989 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.137617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing worldwide largely due to prevalence of various risk factors, which can be controlled. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to measure the prevalence of major preventable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi, using STEPS approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study, that included a random sample of 200 adults, was conducted. A study tool based on the WHO STEPS questionnaire for assessing non-communicable diseases and their risk factors was used. Fasting venous blood sample was collected to assess the lipid profile and fasting blood sugar. Anthropometric measurements of the participants were also taken. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. RESULTS Out of the 200 participants, 26% (n = 52) were consuming alcohol and 17% (n = 34) were smoking. Majority (77.5%) had a raised waist circumference, and more than two-thirds were either overweight or obese. Fasting blood sugar levels were found to be raised in 18% of the study population. More than third participants had raised systolic and diastolic blood pressures and abnormal lipid profiles. More males were found to be overweight in comparison to females (P < 0.01), but in contrast, obesity (P < 0.05) and raised waist circumference (P < 0.001) were more common in females. Tobacco use was more common in lower class (P < 0.05), whereas obesity was commoner in the upper socio-economic class (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Study showed a high burden of risk factors for NCDs in the study population, pointing towards changing disease epidemiology of non-communicable diseases in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated L. N, Guru Nanank Eye Centre and G.B. Pant Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanu Anand
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated L. N, Guru Nanank Eye Centre and G.B. Pant Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Urvi Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated L. N, Guru Nanank Eye Centre and G.B. Pant Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Jugal Kishore
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated L. N, Guru Nanank Eye Centre and G.B. Pant Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Mantosh Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated L. N, Guru Nanank Eye Centre and G.B. Pant Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakash Chandra Ray
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated L. N, Guru Nanank Eye Centre and G.B. Pant Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopal Krishna Ingle
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated L. N, Guru Nanank Eye Centre and G.B. Pant Hospitals, New Delhi, India
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