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Sato H, Adachi N, Kondo S, Kitayama C, Tokita M. Turtle skull development unveils a molecular basis for amniote cranial diversity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6765. [PMID: 37967181 PMCID: PMC10651123 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Amniote skulls display diverse architectural patterns including remarkable variations in the number of temporal arches surrounding the upper and lower temporal fenestrae. However, the cellular and molecular basis underlying this diversification remains elusive. Turtles are a useful model to understand skull diversity due to the presence of secondarily closed temporal fenestrae and different extents of temporal emarginations (marginal reduction of dermal bones). Here, we analyzed embryos of three turtle species with varying degrees of temporal emargination and identified shared widespread coexpression of upstream osteogenic genes Msx2 and Runx2 and species-specific expression of more downstream osteogenic genes Sp7 and Sparc in the head. Further analysis of representative amniote embryos revealed differential expression patterns of osteogenic genes in the temporal region, suggesting that the spatiotemporal regulation of Msx2, Runx2, and Sp7 distinguishes the temporal skull morphology among amniotes. Moreover, the presence of Msx2- and/or Runx2-positive temporal mesenchyme with osteogenic potential may have contributed to their extremely diverse cranial morphology in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Sato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Noritaka Adachi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Satomi Kondo
- Everlasting Nature of Asia (ELNA), Ogasawara Marine Center, Byobudani, Chichi-Jima, Ogasawara, Tokyo 100-2101, Japan
| | - Chiyo Kitayama
- Everlasting Nature of Asia (ELNA), Ogasawara Marine Center, Byobudani, Chichi-Jima, Ogasawara, Tokyo 100-2101, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tokita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Regner AM, DeLeon M, Gibbons KD, Howard S, Nesbitt DQ, Lujan TJ, Fitzpatrick CK, Farach-Carson MC, Wu D, Uzer G. Increased deformations are dispensable for cell mechanoresponse in engineered bone analogs mimicking aging bone marrow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.24.559187. [PMID: 37905032 PMCID: PMC10614733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.24.559187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Aged individuals and astronauts experience bone loss despite rigorous physical activity. Bone mechanoresponse is in-part regulated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that respond to mechanical stimuli. Direct delivery of low intensity vibration (LIV) recovers MSC proliferation in senescence and simulated microgravity models, indicating that age-related reductions in mechanical signal delivery within bone marrow may contribute to declining bone mechanoresponse. To answer this question, we developed a 3D bone marrow analog that controls trabecular geometry, marrow mechanics and external stimuli. Validated finite element (FE) models were developed to quantify strain environment within hydrogels during LIV. Bone marrow analogs with gyroid-based trabeculae of bone volume fractions (BV/TV) corresponding to adult (25%) and aged (13%) mice were printed using polylactic acid (PLA). MSCs encapsulated in migration-permissive hydrogels within printed trabeculae showed robust cell populations on both PLA surface and hydrogel within a week. Following 14 days of LIV treatment (1g, 100 Hz, 1 hour/day), type-I collagen and F-actin were quantified for the cells in the hydrogel fraction. While LIV increased all measured outcomes, FE models predicted higher von Mises strains for the 13% BV/TV groups (0.2%) when compared to the 25% BV/TV group (0.1%). Despite increased strains, collagen-I and F-actin measures remained lower in the 13% BV/TV groups when compared to 25% BV/TV counterparts, indicating that cell response to LIV does not depend on hydrogel strains and that bone volume fraction (i.e. available bone surface) directly affects cell behavior in the hydrogel phase independent of the external stimuli. Overall, bone marrow analogs offer a robust and repeatable platform to study bone mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Regner
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | - Maximilien DeLeon
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Kalin D. Gibbons
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | - Sean Howard
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | | | - Trevor J. Lujan
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
| | | | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Boise State University
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3
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Yamada S, Ockermann PN, Schwarz T, Mustafa K, Hansmann J. Translation of biophysical environment in bone into dynamic cell culture under flow for bone tissue engineering. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4395-4407. [PMID: 37711188 PMCID: PMC10498129 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic environment where osteocytes, osteoblasts, and mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells perceive mechanical cues and regulate bone metabolism accordingly. In particular, interstitial fluid flow in bone and bone marrow serves as a primary biophysical stimulus, which regulates the growth and fate of the cellular components of bone. The processes of mechano-sensory and -transduction towards bone formation have been well studied mainly in vivo as well as in two-dimensional (2D) dynamic cell culture platforms, which elucidated mechanically induced osteogenesis starting with anabolic responses, such as production of nitrogen oxide and prostaglandins followed by the activation of canonical Wnt signaling, upon mechanosensation. The knowledge has been now translated into regenerative medicine, particularly into the field of bone tissue engineering, where multipotent stem cells are combined with three-dimensional (3D) scaffolding biomaterials to produce transplantable constructs for bone regeneration. In the presence of 3D scaffolds, the importance of suitable dynamic cell culture platforms increases further not only to improve mass transfer inside the scaffolds but to provide appropriate biophysical cues to guide cell fate. In principle, the concept of dynamic cell culture platforms is rooted to bone mechanobiology. Therefore, this review primarily focuses on biophysical environment in bone and its translation into dynamic cell culture platforms commonly used for 2D and 3D cell expansion, including their advancement, challenges, and future perspectives. Additionally, it provides the literature review of recent empirical studies using 2D and 3D flow-based dynamic cell culture systems for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Center of Translational Oral Research-Tissue Engineering, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Philipp Niklas Ockermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Center of Translational Oral Research-Tissue Engineering, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Germany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany
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Melo-Fonseca F, Carvalho O, Gasik M, Miranda G, Silva FS. Mechanical stimulation devices for mechanobiology studies: a market, literature, and patents review. Biodes Manuf 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-023-00232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSignificant advancements in various research and technological fields have contributed to remarkable findings on the physiological dynamics of the human body. To more closely mimic the complex physiological environment, research has moved from two-dimensional (2D) culture systems to more sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) dynamic cultures. Unlike bioreactors or microfluidic-based culture models, cells are typically seeded on polymeric substrates or incorporated into 3D constructs which are mechanically stimulated to investigate cell response to mechanical stresses, such as tensile or compressive. This review focuses on the working principles of mechanical stimulation devices currently available on the market or custom-built by research groups or protected by patents and highlights the main features still open to improvement. These are the features which could be focused on to perform, in the future, more reliable and accurate mechanobiology studies.
Graphic abstract
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Peng L, Wu F, Cao M, Li M, Cui J, Liu L, Zhao Y, Yang J. Effects of different physical factors on osteogenic differentiation. Biochimie 2023; 207:62-74. [PMID: 36336107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts are essential for bone formation and can perceive external mechanical stimuli, which are translated into biochemical responses that ultimately alter cell phenotypes and respond to environmental stimuli, described as mechanical transduction. These cells actively participate in osteogenesis and the formation and mineralisation of the extracellular bone matrix. This review summarises the basic physiological and biological mechanisms of five different physical stimuli, i.e. light, electricity, magnetism, force and sound, to induce osteogenesis; further, it summarises the effects of changing culture conditions on the morphology, structure and function of osteoblasts. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for further studies on bone physiology and pathology at the cytological level and will be useful in the clinical application of bone formation and bone regeneration technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jingyao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Lijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China.
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Contact Guidance Mediated by Hybrid Thread Topography Enhances Osseointegration of As-machined Ti6Al4V Dental Implant. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-023-00293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Xu J, Fahmy-Garcia S, Wesdorp MA, Kops N, Forte L, De Luca C, Misciagna MM, Dolcini L, Filardo G, Labberté M, Vancíková K, Kok J, van Rietbergen B, Nickel J, Farrell E, Brama PAJ, van Osch GJVM. Effectiveness of BMP-2 and PDGF-BB Adsorption onto a Collagen/Collagen-Magnesium-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold in Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Osteochondral Defect Bone Repair: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020111. [PMID: 36826910 PMCID: PMC9961206 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite promising clinical results in osteochondral defect repair, a recently developed bi-layered collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold has demonstrated less optimal subchondral bone repair. This study aimed to improve the bone repair potential of this scaffold by adsorbing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and/or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) onto said scaffold. The in vitro release kinetics of BMP-2/PDGF-BB demonstrated that PDGF-BB was burst released from the collagen-only layer, whereas BMP-2 was largely retained in both layers. Cell ingrowth was enhanced by BMP-2/PDFG-BB in a bovine osteochondral defect ex vivo model. In an in vivo semi-orthotopic athymic mouse model, adding BMP-2 or PDGF-BB increased tissue repair after four weeks. After eight weeks, most defects were filled with bone tissue. To further investigate the promising effect of BMP-2, a caprine bilateral stifle osteochondral defect model was used where defects were created in weight-bearing femoral condyle and non-weight-bearing trochlear groove locations. After six months, the adsorption of BMP-2 resulted in significantly less bone repair compared with scaffold-only in the femoral condyle defects and a trend to more bone repair in the trochlear groove. Overall, the adsorption of BMP-2 onto a Col/Col-Mg-HAp scaffold reduced bone formation in weight-bearing osteochondral defects, but not in non-weight-bearing osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jietao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shorouk Fahmy-Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus A. Wesdorp
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Forte
- Fin-Ceramica Faenza S.p.A, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margot Labberté
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karin Vancíková
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joeri Kok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. J. Brama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerjo J. V. M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-107043661
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Pinto N, Klein Y, David E, Polak D, Steinberg D, Mizrahi G, Khoury Y, Barenholz Y, Chaushu S. Resolvin D1 improves allograft osteointegration and directly enhances osteoblasts differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1086930. [PMID: 36923414 PMCID: PMC10008843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1086930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allografts are the most common bone grafts for repairing osseous defects. However, their use is associated with an increased risk for infections, donor disease transmission and osteointegration deficiency. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous lipid with a scientifically proven pivotal role in inflammation resolution and osteoclastogenesis inhibition. Yet, its biological relevance as a potential bone regenerative drug has been scarcely studied. Here, we aim to investigate the RvD1 effect on allograft osteointegration in the alveolar bone regeneration (ABR) murine model. Methods ABR model consisted of osseous defects that were generated by the extraction of the maxillary first molar in C57BL/6 mice. The sockets were filled with allograft and analyzed via RNA sequencing. Then they were locally injected with either RvD1 or saline via single or repeated administrations. The mice were sacrificed 2W after the procedure, and regenerated sites were analyzed using µCT and histology. First, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were plated with IL-17 pro-inflammatory medium, and RANKL/OPG ratio was measured. Secondly, the MC3T3-E1 were cultured w/o RvD1, for 3W. Osteoblasts' markers were evaluated in different days, using qRT-PCR and Alizarin Red staining for calcified matrix. Results In vivo, neither allograft alone nor single RvD1 administration promote bone regeneration in comparison to the control of spontaneous healing and even triggered an elevation in NR1D1 and IL1RL1 expression, markers associated with inflammation and inhibition of bone cell differentiation. However, repeated RvD1 treatment increased bone content by 135.92% ± 45.98% compared to its specific control, repeated sham, and by 39.12% ± 26.3% when compared to the spontaneous healing control group (n=7/group). Histologically, repeated RvD1 reduced the number of TRAP-positive cells, and enhanced allograft osteointegration with new bone formation. In vitro, RvD1 rescued OPG expression and decreased RANKL/OPG ratio in IL-17 pro-inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, RvD1 increased the expression of RUNX2, OSX, BSP and OC/BGLAP2 and the mineralized extracellular matrix during MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts differentiation. Conclusions Repeated administrations of RvD1 promote bone regeneration via a dual mechanism: directly, via enhancement of osteoblasts' differentiation and indirectly, through reduction of osteoclastogenesis and RANKL/OPG ratio. This suggests that RvD1 may be a potential therapeutic bioagent for osseous regeneration following allograft implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Pinto
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehuda Klein
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Orthodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eilon David
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Polak
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Steinberg
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-Medical Research, Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Mizrahi
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Orthodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yasmin Khoury
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stella Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Intermittent compressive force regulates human periodontal ligament cell behavior via yes-associated protein. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10845. [PMID: 36247165 PMCID: PMC9561743 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent compressive force influences human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell behavior that facilitates periodontal tissue regeneration. In response to mechanical stimuli, Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been recognized as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator that regulates cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. This study aimed to investigate whether compressive forces influence cell proliferation and cell fate decisions of human PDL cells via YAP signaling. YAP expression was silenced by shRNA. The effect of YAP on cell proliferation, adipogenesis and osteogenesis of PDL cells under ICF loading were determined. Adipogenic differentiation bias upon ICF loading was confirmed by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that ICF-induced YAP promotes osteogenesis, but it inhibits adipogenesis in PDL cells. Depletion of YAP results in PDL cells that are irresponsive to ICF and, therefore, the failure of the PDL cells to undergo osteogenic differentiation. This was shown by a significant reduction in calcium deposited in the CF-derived osteoblasts of the YAP-knockdown (YAP-KD) PDL cells. As to control treatment, reduction of YAP promoted adipogenesis, whereas ICF-induced YAP inhibited this mechanism. However, the adipocyte differentiation in YAP-KD cells was not affected upon ICF treatment as the YAP-KD cells still exhibited a better adipogenic differentiation that was unrelated to the ICF. This study demonstrated that, in response to ICF treatment, YAP could be a crucial mechanosensitive transcriptional activator for the regulation of PDL cell behavior through a mechanobiological process. Our results may provide the possibility of facilitating PDL tissue regeneration by manipulation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. YAP plays role as a mechanosensitive transcriptional activator of human PDL cells in response to ICF. ICF activates YAP and its target genes to promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL cells. Loss of YAP enhances adipogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells.
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Tompkins YH, Chen C, Sweeney KM, Kim M, Voy BH, Wilson JL, Kim WK. The effects of maternal fish oil supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on offspring-broiler growth performance, body composition and bone microstructure. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273025. [PMID: 35972954 PMCID: PMC9380956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal fish oil supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on the performance and bone health of offspring broilers at embryonic development stage and at market age. Ross 708 broiler breeder hens were fed standard diets containing either 2.3% soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO) for 28 days. Their fertilized eggs were collected and hatched. For a pre-hatch study, left tibia samples were collected at 18 days of incubation. For a post-hatch study, a total of 240 male chicks from each maternal treatment were randomly selected and assigned to 12 floor pens and provided with the same broiler diets. At 42 days of age, growth performance, body composition, bone microstructure, and expression of key bone marrow osteogenic and adipogenic genes were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was performed, and means were compared by student’s t-test. Maternal use of FO in breeder hen diet increased bone mineral content (p < 0.01), bone tissue volume (p < 0.05), and bone surface area (p < 0.05), but decreased total porosity volume (p < 0.01) during the embryonic development period. The FO group showed higher body weight gain and feed intake at the finisher stage than the SO group. Body composition analyses by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed that the FO group had higher fat percentage and higher fat mass at day 1, but higher lean mass and total body mass at market age. The decreased expression of key adipogenic genes in the FO group suggested that prenatal FO supplementation in breeder hen diet suppressed adipogenesis in offspring bone marrow. Furthermore, no major differences were observed in expression of osteogenesis marker genes, microstructure change in trabecular bone, or bone mineral density. However, a significant higher close pores/open pores ratio suggested an improvement on bone health of the FO group. Thus, this study indicates that maternal fish oil diet rich in n-3 PUFA could have a favorable impact on fat mass and skeletal integrity in broiler offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo H. Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Sweeney
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeanna L. Wilson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang J, Griesbach J, Ganeyev M, Zehnder AK, Zeng P, Schädli GN, Leeuw AD, Lai Y, Rubert M, Mueller R. Long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35617929 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac73b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading has been shown to influence various osteogenic responses of bone-derived cells and bone formation in vivo. However, the influence of mechanical stimulation on the formation of bone organoid in vitro is not clearly understood. Here, 3D bioprinted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-laden graphene oxide composite scaffolds were cultured in a novel cyclic-loading bioreactors for up to 56 days. Our results showed that mechanical loading from day 1 (ML01) significantly increased organoid mineral density, organoid stiffness, and osteoblast differentiation compared with non-loading and mechanical loading from day 21. Importantly, ML01 stimulated collagen I maturation, osteocyte differentiation, lacunar-canalicular network formation and YAP expression on day 56. These finding are the first to reveal that long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids. Such 3D bone organoids may serve as a human-specific alternative to animal testing for the study of bone pathophysiology and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Julia Griesbach
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | - Marsel Ganeyev
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Anna-Katharina Zehnder
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Peng Zeng
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Gian Nutal Schädli
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Anke de Leeuw
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, CHINA
| | - Marina Rubert
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | - Ralph Mueller
- ETH Zurich Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
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12
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Ju W, Zhang G, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu T, Li H. Involvement of MiRNA-211-5p and Arhgap11a Interaction During Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells. Front Surg 2022; 9:857170. [PMID: 35495761 PMCID: PMC9051074 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.857170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-recognized for their abilities to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in plants and animals. Recently, miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory relationships have been confirmed during biological processes, including osteogenic differentiation. This study aimed to find out more candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods An MC3T3-E1-based microarray dataset (accessioned as GSE46400) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus included MC3T3-E1 cells with or without 14-day osteoblast differentiation osteoblast induction. Multiple miRNA-mRNA prediction databases were searched by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to obtain pairs of a miRNA-DEG regulatory network. The MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured and incubated in the osteogenic differentiation medium for 14 days. The expressions of candidate miRNAs and mRNAs were determined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) in MC3T3-E1 cells. The miRNA-mRNA interactions were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and experiments using mimics miRNA or their inhibitors. Results We identified 715 upregulated DEGs and 603 downregulated DEGs between MC3T3-E1 cells with and without osteoblast induction by analyzing the raw data of the GSE46400 dataset. There were 7 overlapped miRNA-mRNA pairs identified during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, including mmu-miR-204-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-211-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-24-3p-H2afx, mmu-miR-3470b-Chek2, mmu-miR-3470b-Dlgap5, mmu-miR-466b-3p-Chek1, and mmu-miR-466c-3p-Chek1. The Arhgap11a, H2afx, Chek2, Dlgap5, and Chek1 were hub genes downregulated in MC3T3-E1 cells after osteogenic differentiation, verified by RT-qPCR results. The RT-qPCR also determined declined expressions of miR-204-5p and miR-24-3p concomitant with elevated expressions of miR-211-5p, miR-3470b, miR-466b-3p, and miR-466c-3p in the MC3T3-E1 cells, with osteoblast induction compared with undifferentiated MC3T3-E1 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated Arhgap11a as the target of miR-211-5p. MiR-211-5p upregulation by its mimic increased Arhgap11a expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusion Our study characterizes miR-211-5p targeting Arhgap11a promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, which provides novel targets to promote the osteogenesis process during bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Ju
- Department of Endocrinology (I), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhang
- Departments of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology (I), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Mental & Health College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Huafeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology (I), The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- *Correspondence: Huafeng Li
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13
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Lee SS, Laganenka L, Du X, Hardt WD, Ferguson SJ. Silicon Nitride, a Bioceramic for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Reinforced Cryogel System With Antibiofilm and Osteogenic Effects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794586. [PMID: 34976982 PMCID: PMC8714913 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon nitride (SiN [Si3N4]) is a promising bioceramic for use in a wide variety of orthopedic applications. Over the past decades, it has been mainly used in industrial applications, such as space shuttle engines, but not in the medical field due to scarce data on the biological effects of SiN. More recently, it has been increasingly identified as an emerging material for dental and orthopedic implant applications. Although a few reports about the antibacterial properties and osteoconductivity of SiN have been published to date, there have been limited studies of SiN-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Here, we developed a silicon nitride reinforced gelatin/chitosan cryogel system (SiN-GC) by loading silicon nitride microparticles into a gelatin/chitosan cryogel (GC), with the aim of producing a biomimetic scaffold with antibiofilm and osteogenic properties. In this scaffold system, the GC component provides a hydrophilic and macroporous environment for cells, while the SiN component not only provides antibacterial properties and osteoconductivity but also increases the mechanical stiffness of the scaffold. This provides enhanced mechanical support for the defect area and a better osteogenic environment. First, we analyzed the scaffold characteristics of SiN-GC with different SiN concentrations, followed by evaluation of its apatite-forming capacity in simulated body fluid and protein adsorption capacity. We further confirmed an antibiofilm effect of SiN-GC against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as well as enhanced cell proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic gene upregulation for MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells. Finally, we developed a bioreactor to culture cell-laden scaffolds under cyclic compressive loading to mimic physiological conditions and were able to demonstrate improved mineralization and osteogenesis from SiN-GC. Overall, we confirmed the antibiofilm and osteogenic effect of a silicon nitride reinforced cryogel system, and the results indicate that silicon nitride as a biomaterial system component has a promising potential to be developed further for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghun S. Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leanid Laganenka
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Tai Y, Banerjee A, Goodrich R, Jin L, Nam J. Development and Utilization of Multifunctional Polymeric Scaffolds for the Regulation of Physical Cellular Microenvironments. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3880. [PMID: 34833179 PMCID: PMC8624881 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric biomaterials exhibit excellent physicochemical characteristics as a scaffold for cell and tissue engineering applications. Chemical modification of the polymers has been the primary mode of functionalization to enhance biocompatibility and regulate cellular behaviors such as cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. Due to the complexity of the in vivo cellular microenvironments, however, chemical functionalization alone is usually insufficient to develop functionally mature cells/tissues. Therefore, the multifunctional polymeric scaffolds that enable electrical, mechanical, and/or magnetic stimulation to the cells, have gained research interest in the past decade. Such multifunctional scaffolds are often combined with exogenous stimuli to further enhance the tissue and cell behaviors by dynamically controlling the microenvironments of the cells. Significantly improved cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as tissue functionalities, are frequently observed by applying extrinsic physical stimuli on functional polymeric scaffold systems. In this regard, the present paper discusses the current state-of-the-art functionalized polymeric scaffolds, with an emphasis on electrospun fibers, that modulate the physical cell niche to direct cellular behaviors and subsequent functional tissue development. We will also highlight the incorporation of the extrinsic stimuli to augment or activate the functionalized polymeric scaffold system to dynamically stimulate the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jin Nam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (Y.T.); (A.B.); (R.G.); (L.J.)
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15
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3D reconstruction of bias effects on porosity, alignment and mesoscale structure in electrospun tubular polycaprolactone. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Birks S, Uzer G. At the nuclear envelope of bone mechanobiology. Bone 2021; 151:116023. [PMID: 34051417 PMCID: PMC8600447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope and nucleoskeleton are emerging as signaling centers that regulate how physical information from the extracellular matrix is biochemically transduced into the nucleus, affecting chromatin and controlling cell function. Bone is a mechanically driven tissue that relies on physical information to maintain its physiological function and structure. Disorder that present with musculoskeletal and cardiac symptoms, such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophies and progeria, correlate with mutations in nuclear envelope proteins including Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, Lamin A/C, and emerin. However, the role of nuclear envelope mechanobiology on bone function remains underexplored. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) model is perhaps the most studied relationship between bone regulation and nuclear envelope function. MSCs maintain the musculoskeletal system by differentiating into multiple cell types including osteocytes and adipocytes, thus supporting the bone's ability to respond to mechanical challenge. In this review, we will focus on how MSC function is regulated by mechanical challenges both in vitro and in vivo within the context of bone function specifically focusing on integrin, β-catenin and YAP/TAZ signaling. The importance of the nuclear envelope will be explored within the context of musculoskeletal diseases related to nuclear envelope protein mutations and nuclear envelope regulation of signaling pathways relevant to bone mechanobiology in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Birks
- Boise State University, Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, United States of America
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Boise State University, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, United States of America.
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17
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Zeng Z, Lam PT, Robinson ML, Del Rio-Tsonis K, Saul JM. Design and Characterization of Biomimetic Kerateine Aerogel-Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Retinal Cell Culture. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:1633-1644. [PMID: 33825081 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease that affects 196 million people and causes nearly 9% of blindness worldwide. While several pharmacological approaches slow the effects of AMD, in our opinion, cell-based strategies offer the most likely path to a cure. We describe the design and initial characterization of a kerateine (obtained by reductive extraction from keratin proteins) aerogel-electrospun polycaprolactone fiber scaffold system. The scaffolds mimic key features of the choroid and the Bruch's membrane, which is the basement membrane to which the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) attach. The scaffolds had elastic moduli of 2-7.2 MPa, a similar range as native choroid and Bruch's membrane. ARPE-19 cells attached to the polycaprolactone fibers, remained viable for one week, and proliferated to form a monolayer reminiscent of that needed for retinal repair. These constructs could serve as a model system for testing cell and/or drug treatment strategies or directing ex vivo retinal tissue formation in the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Zeng
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Phuong T Lam
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA, 45056
| | - Michael L Robinson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA, 45056.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University (CVSMU), Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA, 45056.,Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University (CVSMU), Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Justin M Saul
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 East High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
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18
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Kawaguchi M, Segawa A, Shintani K, Nakamura Y, Ishigaki Y, Yonezawa K, Sasamoto T, Kaneuji A, Kawahara N. Bone formation at Ti-6Al-7Nb scaffolds consisting of 3D honeycomb frame and diamond-like carbon coating implanted into the femur of beagles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1283-1291. [PMID: 33427407 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated Ti-6Al-7Nb bone scaffolds with 5 mm diameter and 20 mm length comprise of a three-dimensional (3D) honeycomb frame structure of truncated octahedra created by selective laser sintering 3D printing. The honeycomb frame was then coated with 0.1 μm thick diamond-like carbon (DLC) to increase biocompatibility. A round rod of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy (ASTM F1295) was as a control material. They were implanted into the femur bones of beagles to evaluate bone morphometrics and to investigate changes in the transcriptome of the new bone tissue using DNA microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the present report, the 3D honeycomb material with and without DLC film consisting of a-C:H is referred to as 3D_a-C:H and 3D_non, respectively. At 3 weeks after implantation, the 3D_non had more contact between the new and artificial bones compared with the control, and the 3D_a-C:H had more contact between the new and artificial bones compared with the control and 3D_non. Furthermore, 3D_a-C:H showed even more new bone compared with the control and 3D_non. At 8 weeks after implantation, more appeared lamellar bone with the 3D_a-C:H implant than those with the control and 3D_non. The real-time PCR results at 1 week of implantation revealed higher expression levels of VEGF, RANKL, and NOTCH2 expression with 3D_a-C:H than with 3D_non and control. As a result of real-time PCR at 2 weeks of implantation, OPN and CTSK expressions were found to be higher with 3D_a-C:H and 3D_non than that with the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ayumu Segawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shintani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kaneuji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Norio Kawahara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
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Dissaux C, Bensidhoum M, Spingarn C, George D, Rémond Y. Could the Application of a Compaction Force Impact the Outcome of Alveolar Bone Grafting? Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020; 23:485-486. [PMID: 33395359 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dissaux
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Cleft Competence Centre, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire ICUBE, Département Mécanique UMR 7357 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratoire B3OA, UMR 7052 CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Spingarn
- Laboratoire ICUBE, Département Mécanique UMR 7357 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel George
- Laboratoire ICUBE, Département Mécanique UMR 7357 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Rémond
- Laboratoire ICUBE, Département Mécanique UMR 7357 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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20
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Wu X, Walsh K, Hoff BL, Camci-Unal G. Mineralization of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E132. [PMID: 33092121 PMCID: PMC7711498 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized biomaterials have been demonstrated to enhance bone regeneration compared to their non-mineralized analogs. As non-mineralized scaffolds do not perform as well as mineralized scaffolds in terms of their mechanical and surface properties, osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity, mineralization strategies are promising methods in the development of functional biomimetic bone scaffolds. In particular, the mineralization of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds has become a promising approach for guided bone regeneration. In this paper, we review the major approaches used for mineralizing tissue engineering constructs. The resulting scaffolds provide minerals chemically similar to the inorganic component of natural bone, carbonated apatite, Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH). In addition, we discuss the characterization techniques that are used to characterize the mineralized scaffolds, such as the degree of mineralization, surface characteristics, mechanical properties of the scaffolds, and the chemical composition of the deposited minerals. In vitro cell culture studies show that the mineralized scaffolds are highly osteoinductive. We also summarize, based on literature examples, the applications of 3D mineralized constructs, as well as the rationale behind their use. The mineralized scaffolds have improved bone regeneration in animal models due to the enhanced mechanical properties and cell recruitment capability making them a preferable option for bone tissue engineering over non-mineralized scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wu
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.W.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Kierra Walsh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.W.); (B.L.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Brianna L. Hoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.W.); (B.L.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (K.W.); (B.L.H.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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21
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da Silva Madaleno C, Jatzlau J, Knaus P. BMP signalling in a mechanical context - Implications for bone biology. Bone 2020; 137:115416. [PMID: 32422297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are extracellular multifunctional signalling cytokines and members of the TGFβ super family. These pleiotropic growth factors crucially promote bone formation, remodeling and healing after injury. Additionally, bone homeostasis is systematically regulated by mechanical inputs from the environment, which are incorporated into the bone cells' biochemical response. These inputs range from compression and tension induced by the movement of neighboring muscle, to fluid shear stress induced by interstitial fluid flow in the canaliculi and in the vascular system. Although BMPs are widely applied in a clinic context to promote fracture healing, it is still elusive how mechanical inputs modulate this signalling pathway, hindering an efficient and side-effect free application of these ligands in bone healing. This review aims to summarize the current understanding in how mechanical cues (tension, compression, shear force and hydrostatic pressure) and substrate stiffness modulate BMP signalling. We highlight the time-dependent effects in modulating immediate early up to long-term effects of mechano-BMP crosstalk during bone formation and remodeling, considering the interplay with other already established mechanosensitive pathways, such as MRTF/SRF and Hippo signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina da Silva Madaleno
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Sakthivel K, Kumar H, Mohamed MGA, Talebjedi B, Shim J, Najjaran H, Hoorfar M, Kim K. High Throughput Screening of Cell Mechanical Response Using a Stretchable 3D Cellular Microarray Platform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000941. [PMID: 32588966 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cells in vivo are constantly subjected to multiple microenvironmental mechanical stimuli that regulate cell function. Although 2D cell responses to the mechanical stimulation have been established, these methods lack relevance as physiological cell microenvironments are in 3D. Moreover, the existing platforms developed for studying the cell responses to mechanical cues in 3D either offer low-throughput, involve complex fabrication, or do not allow combinatorial analysis of multiple cues. Considering this, a stretchable high-throughput (HT) 3D cell microarray platform is presented that can apply dynamic mechanical strain to cells encapsulated in arrayed 3D microgels. The platform uses inkjet-bioprinting technique for printing cell-laden gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microgel array on an elastic composite substrate that is periodically stretched. The developed platform is highly biocompatible and transfers the applied strain from the stretched substrate to the cells. The HT analysis is conducted to analyze cell mechano-responses throughout the printed microgel array. Also, the combinatorial analysis of distinct cell behaviors is conducted for different GelMA microenvironmental stiffnesses in addition to the dynamic stretch. Considering its throughput and flexibility, the developed platform can readily be scaled up to introduce a wide range of microenvironmental cues and to screen the cell responses in a HT way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabilan Sakthivel
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Hitendra Kumar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mohamed G A Mohamed
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Bahram Talebjedi
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Justin Shim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Homayoun Najjaran
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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23
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Son J, Tae JY, Min SK, Ko Y, Park JB. Fibroblast growth factor-4 maintains cellular viability while enhancing osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids in part by regulating RUNX2 and BGLAP expression. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2013-2020. [PMID: 32782511 PMCID: PMC7401302 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are growth factors that were initially identified as proteins that stimulate fibroblast proliferation. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of FGF-4 on the morphology, cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids. Stem cell spheroids were generated using concave microwells in the presence of FGF-4 at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml. Cellular viability was qualitatively assessed by a fluorometric live/dead assay using a microscope and quantitatively determined by using Cell Counting Kit-8. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition were determined to assess osteogenic differentiation. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP). Spheroidal shapes were achieved in the microwells on day 1 and a significant increase in the spheroid diameter was observed in the 200 ng/ml FGF-4 group compared with the control group on day 1 (P<0.05). The results regarding viability using Cell Counting Kit-8 in the presence of FGF-4 at 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml at day 1 were 98.0±2.5, 106.2±17.6 and 99.5±6.0%, respectively, when normalized to the control group (P>0.05). Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly elevated in the 200 ng/ml group, when compared with the control group. The RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2 and BGLAP were significantly increased at 200 ng/ml. Therefore, the present results suggested that the application of FGF-4 maintained cellular viability while enhancing the osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids, at least partially by regulating RUNX2 and BGLAP expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwan Son
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Tae
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Min
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Joglekar MM, Ghosh D, Anandan D, Yatham P, Jayant RD, Nambiraj NA, Jaiswal AK. Crosslinking of gum-based composite scaffolds for enhanced strength and stability: A comparative study between sodium trimetaphosphate and glutaraldehyde. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3147-3154. [PMID: 32495470 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is one of the potential fields in the domain of regenerative medicine. Engineered scaffolds are an excellent substitute for the conventional use of bone grafts as they are biocompatible, economic, and provide limitless supply with no risk of disease transmission. Gum-based scaffolds present a good scope for studying tissue-engineering models and analyzing controlled drug delivery. Uniform blending of the gums and the presence of the optimal concentration of appropriate crosslinkers are very crucial for biodegradability nature. Gum-based scaffolds containing gellan gum, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, and hydroxyapatite, cross-linked with either glutaraldehyde (GA) or sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) were fabricated to study the efficiency of crosslinkers and were characterized for degradation profile, swelling capacity, porosity, mechanical strength, morphology, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, and in vitro biocompatibility. Scaffolds crosslinked with STMP exhibited higher degradation rate at Day 21 than scaffolds crosslinked with GA. However, higher compressive strength was obtained for scaffolds cross-linked with STMP signifying that they have a better ability to resist compressive forces. Superior cell viability was observed in STMP-crosslinked scaffolds. In conclusion, STMP serves as a better crosslinker in comparison to GA and can be used in the fabrication of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Makrand Joglekar
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devlina Ghosh
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivyaa Anandan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Puja Yatham
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine (HWCOM), Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - N Arunai Nambiraj
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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CARGEL Bioscaffold improves cartilage repair tissue after bone marrow stimulation in a minipig model. J Exp Orthop 2020; 7:26. [PMID: 32385730 PMCID: PMC7210369 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-020-00245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To gain knowledge of the repair tissue in critically sized cartilage defects using bone marrow stimulation combined with CARGEL Bioscaffold (CB) compared with bone marrow stimulation (BMS) alone in a validated animal model. Methods Six adult Göttingen minipigs received two chondral defects in each knee. The knees were randomized to either BMS combined with CB or BMS alone. The animals were euthanized after 6 months. Follow-up consisted of histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, semiquantitative scoring of the repair tissue (ICRS II), and μCT of the trabecular bone beneath the defect. Results There was significantly more fibrocartilage (80% vs 64%, p = 0.04) and a trend towards less fibrous tissue (15% vs 30%, p = 0.05) in the defects treated with CB. Hyaline cartilage was only seen in one defect treated with CB and none treated with BMS alone. For histological semiquantitative score (ICRS II), defects treated with CB scored lower on subchondral bone (69 vs. 44, p = 0.04). No significant differences were seen on the other parameters of the ICRS II. Immunohistochemistry revealed a trend towards more positive staining for collagen type II in the CB group (p = 0.08). μCT demonstrated thicker trabeculae (p = 0.029) and a higher bone material density (p = 0.028) in defects treated with CB. Conclusion Treatment of cartilage injuries with CARGEL Bioscaffold seems to lead to an improved repair tissue and a more pronounced subchondral bone response compared with bone marrow stimulation alone. However, the CARGEL Bioscaffold treatment did not lead to formation of hyaline cartilage.
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26
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Kunze KN, Burnett RA, Wright-Chisem J, Frank RM, Chahla J. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatments and Available Formulations. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2020; 13:264-280. [PMID: 32328959 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-020-09624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The use of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) has gained attention due to its potential to expedite healing and the ease of harvesting; however, clinical evidence is limited, and questions concerning optimal method of delivery and long-term outcomes remain unanswered. RECENT FINDINGS Administration of ADSCs in animal models has been reported to aid in improved healing benefits with enhanced repair biomechanics, superior gross histological appearance of injury sites, and higher concentrations of growth factors associated with healing compared to controls. Recently, an increasing body of research has sought to examine the effects of ADSCs in humans. Several available processing techniques and formulations for ADSCs exist with evidence to suggest benefits with the use of ADSCs, but the superiority of any one method is not clear. Evidence from the most recent clinical studies available demonstrates promising outcomes following treatment of select musculoskeletal pathologies with ADSCs despite reporting variability among ADSCs harvesting and processing; these include (1) healing benefits and pain improvement for rotator cuff and Achilles tendinopathies, (2) improvements in pain and function in those with knee and hip osteoarthritis, and (3) improved cartilage regeneration for osteochondral focal defects of the knee and talus. The limitation to most of this literature is the use of other therapeutic biologics in combination with ADSCs. Additionally, many studies lack control groups, making establishment of causation inappropriate. It is imperative to perform higher-quality studies using consistent, predictable control populations and to standardize formulations of ADSCs in these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle N Kunze
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Burnett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Wright-Chisem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel M Frank
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jorge Chahla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Mardling P, Alderson A, Jordan-Mahy N, Le Maitre CL. The use of auxetic materials in tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2074-2083. [PMID: 32215398 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01928f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of biological tissues have been reported as behaving in an auxetic manner, defined by a negative Poisson's ratio. This describes the deformation of tissue which expands in the axial and the transverse directions simultaneously while under uniaxial tension; and contracts axially and transversely upon uniaxial compression. The discovery of auxetic behaviour within biological tissues has implications for the recreation of the auxetic loading environment within tissue engineering. Tissue engineers strive to recreate the natural properties of biological tissue and in order to recreate the unique loading environment of cells from auxetic tissue, an auxetic scaffold is required. A number of studies have used a variety of auxetic scaffolds within tissue engineering. Investigation into the effect of auxetic micro-environments created by auxetic scaffolds on cellular behaviour has demonstrated an increased cellular proliferation and enhanced differentiation. Here, we discuss studies which have identified auxetic behaviour within biological tissues, and where cells have been cultured within auxetic scaffolds, bringing together current knowledge of the potential use of auxetic materials in tissue engineering applications and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mardling
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, UK.
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28
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Jiang Y, Lu Y, Jiang X, Hu J, Li R, Liu Y, Zhu G, Rong X. Glucocorticoids induce osteoporosis mediated by glucocorticoid receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109979. [PMID: 32044718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat inflammation-related diseases; however, their long-term use causes side effects, such as osteoporosis and predisposition to bone fractures, known as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Nr3c1 is the major glucocorticoid receptor, and its downstream signaling pathway is involved in regulating various intracellular physiological processes, including those related to bone cells; however, its mechanism in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) remains unclear. In this study, a zebrafish nr3c1-mutant was successfully generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to investigate the role of nr3c1 in GIOP. Mutations in nr3c1 altered cartilage development and significantly decreased bone mineralization area. Additionally, qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of extracellular matrix-, osteoblast-, and osteoclast-related genes was altered in the nr3c1-mutant. The GC-Nr3c1 pathway regulates the expression of extracellular matrix-, osteoblast-, and osteoclast-related genes via Nr3c1-dependent and Nr3c1-independent pathways. A dual-luciferase reporter assay further revealed that GCs and Nr3c1 transcriptionally regulate matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp9), alkaline phosphatase (alp), and acid phosphatase 5a (acp5a). This study reveals that GCs/Nr3c1 affect the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism and provides a basis to determine the role of GIOP and Nr3c1 in bone metabolism and development. We also identified a new effector target for the clinical treatment of GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yajun Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixin Shanjuan Orthopaedic Hospital, YiXing, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300350 China
| | - Guoxing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Rong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, China.
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29
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Katarivas Levy G, Birch MA, Brooks RA, Neelakantan S, Markaki AE. Stimulation of Human Osteoblast Differentiation in Magneto-Mechanically Actuated Ferromagnetic Fiber Networks. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1522. [PMID: 31546701 PMCID: PMC6833056 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently an interest in "active" implantable biomedical devices that include mechanical stimulation as an integral part of their design. This paper reports the experimental use of a porous scaffold made of interconnected networks of slender ferromagnetic fibers that can be actuated in vivo by an external magnetic field applying strains to in-growing cells. Such scaffolds have been previously characterized in terms of their mechanical and cellular responses. In this study, it is shown that the shape changes induced in the scaffolds can be used to promote osteogenesis in vitro. In particular, immunofluorescence, gene and protein analyses reveal that the actuated networks exhibit higher mineralization and extracellular matrix production, and express higher levels of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1α1, runt-related transcription factor 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2 than the static controls at the 3-week time point. The results suggest that the cells filling the inter-fiber spaces are able to sense and react to the magneto-mechanically induced strains facilitating osteogenic differentiation and maturation. This work provides evidence in support of using this approach to stimulate bone ingrowth around a device implanted in bone and can pave the way for further applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Katarivas Levy
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
| | - Mark A Birch
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
| | - Roger A Brooks
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
| | - Suresh Neelakantan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016, India.
| | - Athina E Markaki
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
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30
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Pagnotti GM, Styner M, Uzer G, Patel VS, Wright LE, Ness KK, Guise TA, Rubin J, Rubin CT. Combating osteoporosis and obesity with exercise: leveraging cell mechanosensitivity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:339-355. [PMID: 30814687 PMCID: PMC6520125 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a condition of skeletal decline that undermines quality of life, is treated with pharmacological interventions that are associated with poor adherence and adverse effects. Complicating efforts to improve clinical outcomes, the incidence of obesity is increasing, predisposing the population to a range of musculoskeletal complications and metabolic disorders. Pharmacological management of obesity has yet to deliver notable reductions in weight and debilitating complications are rarely avoided. By contrast, exercise shows promise as a non-invasive and non-pharmacological method of regulating both osteoporosis and obesity. The principal components of exercise - mechanical signals - promote bone and muscle anabolism while limiting formation and expansion of fat mass. Mechanical regulation of bone and marrow fat might be achieved by regulating functions of differentiated cells in the skeletal tissue while biasing lineage selection of their common progenitors - mesenchymal stem cells. An inverse relationship between adipocyte versus osteoblast fate selection from stem cells is implicated in clinical conditions such as childhood obesity and increased marrow adiposity in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as contributing to skeletal frailty. Understanding how exercise-induced mechanical signals can be used to improve bone quality while decreasing fat mass and metabolic dysfunction should lead to new strategies to treat chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M Pagnotti
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- College of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Vihitaben S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Laura E Wright
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theresa A Guise
- School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clinton T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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31
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Aziz AH, Eckstein K, Ferguson VL, Bryant SJ. The effects of dynamic compressive loading on human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in the stiff layer of a bilayer hydrogel. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:946-959. [PMID: 30793536 DOI: 10.1002/term.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer hydrogels with a soft cartilage-like layer and a stiff bone-like layer embedded with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are promising for osteochondral tissue engineering. The goals of this work were to evaluate the effects of dynamic compressive loading (2.5% applied strain, 1 Hz) on osteogenesis in the stiff layer and spatially map local mechanical responses (strain, stress, hydrostatic pressure, and fluid velocity). A bilayer hydrogel was fabricated from soft (24 kPa) and stiff (124 kPa) poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogels. With hMSCs embedded in the stiff layer, osteogenesis was delayed under loading evident by lower OSX and OPN expressions, alkaline phosphatase activity, and collagen content. At Day 28, mineral deposits were present throughout the stiff layer without loading but localized centrally and near the interface under loading. Local strains mapped by particle tracking showed substantial equivalent strain (~1.5%) transferring to the stiff layer. When hMSCs were cultured in stiff single-layer hydrogels subjected to similar strains, mineralization was inhibited. Finite element analysis revealed that hydrostatic pressures ≥~600 Pa correlated to regions lacking mineralization in both hydrogels. Fluid velocities were low (~1-10 nm/s) in the hydrogels with no apparent correlation to mineralization. Mineralization was recovered by inhibiting ERK1/2, indicating cell-mediated inhibition. These findings suggest that high strains (~1.5%) combined with higher hydrostatic pressures negatively impact osteogenesis, but in a manner that depends on the magnitude of each mechanical response. This work highlights the importance of local mechanical responses in mediating osteogenesis of hMSCs in bilayer hydrogels being studied for osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Aziz
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kevin Eckstein
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Virginia L Ferguson
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.,Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.,Material Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.,Material Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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32
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Park K, Lee Y, Seo J. Recent Advances in High-throughput Platforms with Engineered Biomaterial Microarrays for Screening of Cell and Tissue Behavior. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5458-5470. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190207093438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, bioengineers have developed myriad biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Development of screening techniques is essential for understanding complex behavior of cells in the biological microenvironments. Conventional approaches to the screening of cellular behavior in vitro have limitations in terms of accuracy, reusability, labor-intensive screening, and versatility. Thus, drug screening and toxicology test through in vitro screening platforms have been underwhelming. Recent advances in the high-throughput screening platforms somewhat overcome the limitations of in vitro screening platforms via repopulating human tissues’ biophysical and biomchemical microenvironments with the ability to continuous monitoring of miniaturized human tissue behavior. Herein, we review current trends in the screening platform in which a high-throughput system composed of engineered microarray devices is developed to investigate cell-biomaterial interaction. Furthermore, diverse methods to achieve continuous monitoring of cell behavior via developments of biosensor integrated high-throughput platforms, and future perspectives on high-throughput screening will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijun Park
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yeontaek Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jungmok Seo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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33
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Dissaux C, Wagner D, George D, Spingarn C, Rémond Y. Mechanical impairment on alveolar bone graft: A literature review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 47:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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34
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Li H, Ma T, Zhang M, Zhu J, Liu J, Tan F. Fabrication of sulphonated poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate hydrogel as a bone grafting scaffold. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:187. [PMID: 30535592 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To improve the biological performance of poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel as an injectable bone grafting scaffold, sodium methallyl sulphonate (SMAS) was incorporated into PEGDA hydrogel. The physiochemical properties of the resultant polymers were assessed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), swelling ratio, zeta potential, surface morphology, and protein adsorption analysis. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on the hydrogel to evaluate the effect of the sulphonated modification on their attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. The results of FTIR and zeta potential evaluations revealed that SMAS was successfully incorporated into PEGDA. With increasing concentrations of SMAS, the swelling ratio of the hydrogels increased in deionized water but stayed constant in phosphate buffered saline. The protein adsorption also increased with increasing concentration of SMAS. Moreover, the sulphonated modification of PEGDA hydrogel not only enhanced the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells but also up-regulated alkaline phosphatase activity as well as gene expression of osteogenic markers and related growth factors, including collagen type I, osteocalcin, runt related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and transforming growth factor beta 1. These findings indicate that the sulphonated modification could significantly improve the biological performance of PEGDA hydrogel. Thus, the sulphonated PEGDA is a promising scaffold candidate for bone grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Gharibi B, Ghuman MS, Cama G, Rawlinson SCF, Grigoriadis AE, Hughes FJ. Site-specific differences in osteoblast phenotype, mechanical loading response and estrogen receptor-related gene expression. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:140-147. [PMID: 29928929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The osteoporosis-resistant nature of skull bones implies inherent differences exist between their cellular responses and those of other osteoporosis-susceptible skeletal sites. Phenotypic differences in calvarial and femoral osteoblastic responses to induction of osteogenesis, mechanical loading, estrogen, growth factor and cytokine stimulation were investigated. Primary rat calvarial and femoral adult male osteoblasts were cultured and osteoblastic mineralisation and maturation determined using Alizarin Red staining and expression of osteogenic marker genes assessed. Expression of known mechanically-responsive genes was compared between sites following loading of scaffold-seeded cells in a bioreactor. Cell proliferation and differentiation following growth factor and estrogen stimulation were also compared. Finally expression of estrogen receptors and associated genes during osteogenic differentiation were investigated. Calvarial osteoblasts exhibited delayed maturation (45d. vs 21d.) and produced less mineralised matrix than femoral osteoblasts when osteogenically induced. PDGF-BB and FGF2 both caused a selective increase in proliferation and decrease in osteoblastic differentiation of femoral osteoblasts. Mechanical stimulation resulted in the induction of the expression of Ccl2 and Anx2a selectively in femoral osteoblasts, but remained unchanged in calvarial cells. Estrogen receptor beta expression was selectively upregulated 2-fold in calvarial osteoblasts. Most interestingly, the estrogen responsive transcriptional repressor RERG was constitutively expressed at 1000-fold greater levels in calvarial compared with femoral osteoblasts. RERG expression in calvarial osteoblasts was down regulated during osteogenic induction whereas upregulation occurred in femoral osteoblasts. Bone cells of the skull are inherently different to those of the femur, and respond differentially to a range of stimuli. These site-specific differences may have important relevance in the development of strategies to tackle metabolic bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borzo Gharibi
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Mandeep S Ghuman
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Giuseppe Cama
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Simon C F Rawlinson
- Centre for Oral Growth and Development, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, New Road, London, E1 2BA, UK
| | - Agamemnon E Grigoriadis
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francis J Hughes
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Seo J, Shin JY, Leijten J, Jeon O, Bal Öztürk A, Rouwkema J, Li Y, Shin SR, Hajiali H, Alsberg E, Khademhosseini A. Interconnectable Dynamic Compression Bioreactors for Combinatorial Screening of Cell Mechanobiology in Three Dimensions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018. [PMID: 29542324 PMCID: PMC6939619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical cues can potently direct a cell's or tissue's behavior. Cells interpret their biophysical surroundings, such as matrix stiffness or dynamic mechanical stimulation, through mechanotransduction. However, our understanding of the various aspects of mechanotransduction has been limited by the lack of proper analysis platforms capable of screening three-dimensional (3D) cellular behaviors in response to biophysical cues. Here, we developed a dynamic compression bioreactor to study the combinational effects of biomaterial composition and dynamic mechanical compression on cellular behavior in 3D hydrogels. The bioreactor contained multiple actuating posts that could apply cyclic compressive strains ranging from 0 to 42% to arrays of cell-encapsulated hydrogels. The bioreactor could be interconnected with other compressive bioreactors, which enabled the combinatorial screenings of 3D cellular behaviors simultaneously. As an application of the screening platform, cell spreading, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were characterized in 3D gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. Increasing hydrogel concentration from 5 to 10% restricted the cell spreading, however, dynamic compressive strain increased cell spreading. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was also affected by dynamic compressive strains. hMSCs in 5% GelMA hydrogel were more sensitive to strains, and the 42% strain group showed a significant increase in osteogenic differentiation compared to other groups. The interconnectable dynamic compression bioreactor provides an efficient way to study the interactions of cells and their physical microenvironments in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok Seo
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 14 Hwarang-ro , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Ayça Bal Öztürk
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Yuancheng Li
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Hadi Hajiali
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of California-Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology , Konkuk University , Hwayang-dong , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21569 , Saudi Arabia
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Schuelke J, Meyers N, Reitmaier S, Klose S, Ignatius A, Claes L. Intramembranous bone formation after callus distraction is augmented by increasing axial compressive strain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195466. [PMID: 29624608 PMCID: PMC5889182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment is a primary factor in the success of distraction osteogenesis. It is known that the interfragmentary movement during the distraction and maturation phase effects the callus formation. In addition to cyclic compression, other movements like shear and bending influence the bone formation process as shown in previous callus distraction studies. Reports of cartilage presence and endochondral ossification in the regenerative zone have been associated with a lack of fixation stability and delayed healing. So far the effects of the direction of interfragmentary movements could not be studied separately. By means of a unique lateral callus distraction model, we investigated the effects of small (0.1 mm) and moderate (0.6 mm), purely axial compression on ossification during callus maturation in sheep. A distraction device incorporating a mobile titanium plate was mounted on the tibia. Following lateral callus distraction, electromechanically controlled movements allowed purely axial cyclic compression of the tissue regenerate. Seven weeks post-operatively, the tissue regenerates were investigated using μCT, histology and immunohistochemistry. The larger amplitude significantly increased bone formation (Fractional bone volume: 19.4% vs. 5.2%, p = 0.03; trabecular thickness: 0.1 mm vs. 0.06 mm, p = 0.006; mean spicule height: 2.6 mm vs. 1.1 mm, p = 0.02) however, no endochondral ossification occurred. The elimination of shear movement, unimpaired neovascularization as well as the tensile strain stimuli during the distraction phase suppressing chondrogenic differentiation may all contribute to the absence of cartilage. In clinical application of distraction osteogenesis, moderate axial interfragmentary movement augments intramembranous ossification provided shear strain is minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schuelke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Nicholaus Meyers
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Reitmaier
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Klose
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Claes
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Center of Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Takenawa T, Kanai T, Kitamura T, Yoshimura Y, Sawa Y, Iida J. Expression and Dynamics of Podoplanin in Cultured Osteoblasts with Mechanostress and Mineralization Stimulus. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:41-52. [PMID: 29622849 PMCID: PMC5880802 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the significance of the expression and dynamics of podoplanin in mechanostress and mineralization in cultured murine osteoblasts. Podoplanin increased in osteoblasts subjected to straining in non-mineralization medium, suggesting that the mechanostress alone is a podoplanin induction factor. In osteoblasts subjected to vertical elongation straining in the mineralization medium, the mRNA amounts of podoplanin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin were significantly larger than those in cells not subjected to straining, suggesting that mechanostress is the cause of a synergistic effect in the expression of these proteins. In osteoblasts in the mineralization medium, significant increases in osteocalcin mRNA occurred earlier in cells subjected to straining than in the cells not subjected to straining, suggesting that the mechanostress is a critical factor to enhance the expression of osteocalcin. Western blot and ELISA analysis showed increased podoplanin production in osteoblasts with longer durations of straining. There was significantly less mineralization product in osteoblasts with antibodies for podoplanin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. There was also less osteopontin and osteocalcin produced in osteoblasts with anti-podoplanin. These findings suggest that mechanostress induces the production of podoplanin in osteoblasts and that podoplanin may play a role in mineralization in cooperation with bone-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Takenawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Takenori Kanai
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Tetsuya Kitamura
- Department of Oral Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yoshitaka Yoshimura
- Department of Molecular Cell Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Deparment of Oral Function & Anatomy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Junichiro Iida
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Seo J, Shin JY, Leijten J, Jeon O, Camci-Unal G, Dikina AD, Brinegar K, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alsberg E, Khademhosseini A. High-throughput approaches for screening and analysis of cell behaviors. Biomaterials 2018; 153:85-101. [PMID: 29079207 PMCID: PMC5702937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of new biomaterials and techniques to modify them challenge our capability to characterize them using conventional methods. In response, numerous high-throughput (HT) strategies are being developed to analyze biomaterials and their interactions with cells using combinatorial approaches. Moreover, these systematic analyses have the power to uncover effects of delivered soluble bioactive molecules on cell responses. In this review, we describe the recent developments in HT approaches that help identify cellular microenvironments affecting cell behaviors and highlight HT screening of biochemical libraries for gene delivery, drug discovery, and toxicological studies. We also discuss HT techniques for the analyses of cell secreted biomolecules and provide perspectives on the future utility of HT approaches in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok Seo
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jung-Youn Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA, 01854-2827, USA
| | - Anna D Dikina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Katelyn Brinegar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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40
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Yang Z, Chen L, Hao Y, Zang Y, Zhao X, Shi L, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Xu C, Wang F, Wang X, Wang B, Liu C, Tang Y, Wu Z, Lei W. Synthesis and Characterization of an Injectable and Hydrophilous Expandable Bone Cement Based on Poly(methyl methacrylate). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40846-40856. [PMID: 29099164 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the most common bone cement, has been used as a graft substitute in orthopedic surgeries such as vertebroplasty. However, an undesirable minor crack in the bone-cement interface provoked by shrinkage during polymerization and high elastic modulus of conventional PMMA bone cement dramatically increases the risk of vertebral body refracture postsurgery. Thus, herein, a hydrophilous expandable bone cement was synthesized based on a PMMA commercial cement (Mendec Spine Resin), acrylic acid (AA), and styrene (St). The two synthesized cements (PMMA-PAA, PMMA-PAA-PSt) showed excellent volumetric swelling in vitro and cohesive bone-cement contact in rabbit femur cavity defect. The elastic modulus and compressive strength of the new cements were lower than PMMA. Furthermore, the in vitro analysis indicated that the new cements had lower cytotoxicity than PMMA, including superior proliferation and lower apoptotic rates of Sprague-Dawly rat-derived osteoblasts. Western blotting for protein expression and RT-PCR analysis of osteogenesis-specific genes were conducted on SD rat-derived osteoblasts from both PMMA and new cements films; the results showed that new cements enhanced the expression of osteogenesis-specific genes. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated improved morphology and attachment of osteoblast on new cement discs compared to the PMMA discs. Additionally, the histological morphologies of the bone-cement interface from the rabbit medial femoral condyle cavity defect model revealed direct and cohesive contact with the bone in the new cement groups in contrast to a minor crack in the PMMA cement group. The sign of a new bone growing into the cement has been found in the new cements after 12 weeks, thereby indicating the osteogenic capacity in vivo. In conclusion, the synthesized hydrophilous expandable bone cements based on PMMA and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are promising candidates for vertebroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology , No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710048, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Hao
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics , Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Zhao
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Feng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Faqi Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology , No. 5 Jinhua South Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710048, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , No. 17 Changle Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi province 710032, P.R. China
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Taraballi F, Bauza G, McCulloch P, Harris J, Tasciotti E. Concise Review: Biomimetic Functionalization of Biomaterials to Stimulate the Endogenous Healing Process of Cartilage and Bone Tissue. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:2186-2196. [PMID: 29080279 PMCID: PMC5702525 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal reconstruction is an ongoing challenge for surgeons as it is required for one out of five patients undergoing surgery. In the past three decades, through the close collaboration between clinicians and basic scientists, several regenerative strategies have been proposed. These have emerged from interdisciplinary approaches that bridge tissue engineering with material science, physiology, and cell biology. The paradigm behind tissue engineering is to achieve regeneration and functional recovery using stem cells, bioactive molecules, or supporting materials. Although plenty of preclinical solutions for bone and cartilage have been presented, only a few platforms have been able to move from the bench to the bedside. In this review, we highlight the limitations of musculoskeletal regeneration and summarize the most relevant acellular tissue engineering approaches. We focus on the strategies that could be most effectively translate in clinical practice and reflect on contemporary and cutting‐edge regenerative strategies in surgery. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:2186–2196
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Orthopedic & Sports Medicine, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guillermo Bauza
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Bay, Singleton Park, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick McCulloch
- Department of Orthopedic & Sports Medicine, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Josh Harris
- Department of Orthopedic & Sports Medicine, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Orthopedic & Sports Medicine, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Bay, Singleton Park, Wales, United Kingdom
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42
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Barata D, Dias P, Wieringa P, van Blitterswijk C, Habibovic P. Cell-instructive high-resolution micropatterned polylactic acid surfaces. Biofabrication 2017; 9:035004. [PMID: 28671108 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa7d24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micro and nanoscale topographical structuring of biomaterial surfaces has been a valuable tool for influencing cell behavior, including cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. However, most fabrication techniques for surface patterning of implantable biomaterials suffer from a limited resolution, not allowing controlled generation of sub-cellular three-dimensional features. Here, a direct laser lithography technique based on two-photon absorption was used to construct several patterns varying in size between 500 nm and 15 μm. Through replication via an intermediate mold, the patterns were transferred into polylactic acid (PLA), a widely used biomedical polymer, while retaining the original geometry. An osteoblast-like cell line, MG-63 was used for characterizing the morphological response to the topographical patterns. The results indicated that semi-continuous (dashed) lines, with a height of 1 μm were able to induce cell elongation in the direction of the lines. However, when dashes with a height of 0.5 μm were combined with perpendicularly crossing continuous lines (rails) with a height of 8 μm, the contact guidance effect of the dashes was lost and elongation of the cells was observed in the direction of the larger features. A second pattern, consisting of different arrays of pillars showed that, depending on the pillar height, the cells were either able to spread over the pattern or were confined between the pattern features. These differences in the ability of cells to spread further resulted in the formation of tension forces through stress fibers and displacement of vimentin. The method for high-resolution micropatterning of PLA as presented here can also be applied to other biomedical polymers, making it useful both for fundamental studies and for designing new biomaterials with improved functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barata
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands. Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
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Horner CB, Hirota K, Liu J, Maldonado M, Hyle Park B, Nam J. Magnitude‐dependent and inversely‐related osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells under dynamic compressive strain. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e637-e647. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Hirota
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Junze Liu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Maricela Maldonado
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - B. Hyle Park
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Jin Nam
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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44
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Ravichandran A, Liu Y, Teoh SH. Review: bioreactor design towards generation of relevant engineered tissues: focus on clinical translation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e7-e22. [PMID: 28374578 DOI: 10.1002/term.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, studies that utilize 3D scaffolds for generating voluminous tissues are mostly confined in the realm of in vitro research and preclinical animal model testing. Bioreactors offer an excellent platform to grow and develop 3D tissues by providing conditions that mimic their native microenvironment. Aligning the bioreactor development process with a focus on patient care will aid in the faster translation of the bioreactor technology to clinics. In this review, we discuss the various factors involved in the design of clinically relevant bioreactors in relation to their respective applications. We explore the functional relevance of tissue grafts generated by bioreactors that have been designed to provide physiologically relevant mechanical cues on the growing tissue. The review discusses the recent trends in non-invasive sensing of the bioreactor culture conditions. It provides an insight to the current technological advancements that enable in situ, non-invasive, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the tissue grafts grown in a bioreactor system. We summarize the emerging trends in commercial bioreactor design followed by a short discussion on the aspects that hamper the 'push' of bioreactor systems into the commercial market as well as 'pull' factors for stakeholders to embrace and adopt widespread utility of bioreactors in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yuchun Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program (Research), National Dental Centre of Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Ave Singapore, 168938, Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 70 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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45
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Shen XQ, Geng YM, Liu P, Huang XY, Li SY, Liu CD, Zhou Z, Xu PP. Magnitude-dependent response of osteoblasts regulated by compressive stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44925. [PMID: 28317941 PMCID: PMC5357902 DOI: 10.1038/srep44925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of magnitude in adaptive response of osteoblasts exposed to compressive stress. Murine primary osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to compressive stress (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/cm2) in 3D culture. Cell viability was evaluated, and expression levels of Runx2, Alp, Ocn, Rankl, and Opg were examined. ALP activity in osteoblasts and TRAP activity in RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells were assayed. Results showed that compressive stress within 5.0 g/cm2 did not influence cell viability. Both osteoblastic and osteoblast-regulated osteoclastic differentiation were enhanced at 2 g/cm2. An increase in stress above 2 g/cm2 did not enhance osteoblastic differentiation further but significantly inhibited osteoblast-regualted osteoclastic differentiation. This study suggested that compressive stress regulates osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation through osteoblasts in a magnitude-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-qing Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuan-ming Geng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-yu Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-yi Li
- Key laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-dong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ping-ping Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang D, Wang H, Gao F, Wang K, Dong F. ClC-3 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cell After Dynamic Compression. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:1606-1613. [PMID: 27922190 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ClC-3 chloride channel has been proved to have a relationship with the expression of osteogenic markers during osteogenesis, persistent static compression can upregulate the expression of ClC-3 and regulate osteodifferentiation in osteoblasts. However, there was no study about the relationship between the expression of ClC-3 and osteodifferentiation after dynamic compression. In this study, we applied dynamic compression on MC3T3-E1 cells to detect the expression of ClC-3, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), osteopontin (OPN), nuclear-associated antigen Ki67 (Ki67), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in biopress system, then we investigated the expression of these genes after dynamic compression with Chlorotoxin (specific ClC-3 chloride channel inhibitor) added. Under transmission electron microscopy, there were more cell surface protrusions, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, abundant glycogen, and lysosomes scattered in the cytoplasm in MC3T3-E1 cells after dynamic compression. The nucleolus was more obvious. We found that ClC-3 was significantly up-regulated after dynamic compression. The compressive force also up-regulated Runx2, BMP-2, and OPN after dynamic compression for 2, 4 and 8 h. The proliferation gene Ki67 and PCNA did not show significantly change after dynamic compression for 8 h. Chlorotoxin did not change the expression of ClC-3 but reduced the expression of Runx2, BMP-2, and OPN after dynamic compression compared with the group without Cltx added. The data from the current study suggested that ClC-3 may promotes osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cell after dynamic compression. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1606-1613, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Fusheng Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
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Liu L, Liu M, Li R, Liu H, Du L, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Liu D. MicroRNA-503-5p inhibits stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:112-123. [PMID: 27862699 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclical stretch-induced bone formation during orthodontic treatment is a complex biological process modulated by various factors including miRNAs and their targeted-gene network. However, the miRNA expression profile and their roles in osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exposed to mechanical stretch remains unclear. Here, we use the miRNA microarray assay to screen for mechano-sensitive miRNAs during stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and identified that nine miRNAs were differentially expressed between stretched and control BMSCs. Furthermore, miR-503-5p, which was markedly downregulated in both microarray assay and qRT-PCR assay were selected for further functional verification. We found that overexpression of miR-503-5p in BMSCs attenuated stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation while the effect was reversed by miR-503-5p inhibition treatment. In vivo studies, overexpression of miR-503-5p with specific agomir decreased Runx2, ALP mRNA, and protein expression, decreased osteoblast numbers and osteoblastic bone formation in the OTM tension sides. In conclusion, our study revealed that miR-503-5p functions as the mechano-sensitive miRNA and inhibits BMSCs osteogenic differentiation subjected to mechanical stretch and bone formation in OTM tension sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Liling Du
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of the calvarial sutures that is associated with a number of physical and intellectual disabilities spanning from pediatric to adult years. Over the past two decades, techniques in molecular genetics and more recently, advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have been used to examine the underlying pathogenesis of this disease. To date, mutations in 57 genes have been identified as causing craniosynostosis and the number of newly discovered genes is growing rapidly as a result of the advances in genomic technologies. While contributions from both genetic and environmental factors in this disease are increasingly apparent, there remains a gap in knowledge that bridges the clinical characteristics and genetic markers of craniosynostosis with their signaling pathways and mechanotransduction processes. By linking genotype to phenotype, outlining the role of cell mechanics may further uncover the specific mechanotransduction pathways underlying craniosynostosis. Here, we present a brief overview of the recent findings in craniofacial genetics and cell mechanics, discussing how this information together with animal models is advancing our understanding of craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1900 9 Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Michael L Cunningham
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1900 9 Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine and the, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave NE, Seattle WA, 98105, USA
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Choi HJ, Lee JJ, Park YJ, Shin JW, Sung HJ, Shin JW, Wu Y, Kim JK. MG-63 osteoblast-like cell proliferation on auxetic PLGA scaffold with mechanical stimulation for bone tissue regeneration. Biomater Res 2016; 20:33. [PMID: 27807475 PMCID: PMC5087120 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-016-0080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auxetic scaffolds (experimental) was fabricated by using poly(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), 50:50, (PLGA) for effective bone cell proliferation with mechanical stimulation. Methods Negative Poisson’s ratio in scaffold, 3-directional volumetric compression was applied during the scaffold fabrication at adequate temperature (60 °C). The pore size of scaffold ranged between 355 and 400 μm. Results The porous morphology of the prepared auxetic scaffolds had shown partially concave and dent shapes in SEM image as expected. The lowest Poisson’s ratios of experimental group was −0.07 at 60 °C/10 min. Compressive strength of experimental group was shown about 3.12 times higher than control group (conventional scaffold) in dry state at 25 °C. The compressive strengths of both groups were tended to be decreased dramatically in wet state compared to in dry state. However, compressive strengths of experimental group were higher 3.08 times and 1.88 times in EtOH/PBS (25 °C) and EtOH/PBS/DMEM (37 °C) than control group in wet state, respectively. Degradation rate of the scaffolds showed about 16 % weight loss in 5 weeks. In cell attachment test, experimental group showed 1.46 times higher cell proliferation than control group at 1-day with compressive stimulation. In 3-day culture, the experimental group showed 1.32 times higher than control group. However, there was no significant difference in cell proliferation in 5-day cultivation. Conclusion Overall, negative Poisson’s ratio scaffolds with static mechanical stimulation could affect the cell proliferation at initial cultivation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749 Korea
| | - Jun Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749 Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749 Korea
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749 Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - Ji Won Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749 Korea
| | - Yanru Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749 Korea
| | - Jeong Koo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749 Korea
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50
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Cytoskeletal Configuration Modulates Mechanically Induced Changes in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis, Morphology, and Stiffness. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34791. [PMID: 27708389 PMCID: PMC5052530 DOI: 10.1038/srep34791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) responding to mechanical cues generated by physical activity is critical for skeletal development and remodeling. Here, we utilized low intensity vibrations (LIV) as a physiologically relevant mechanical signal and hypothesized that the confined cytoskeletal configuration imposed by 2D culture will enable human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSC) to respond more robustly when LIV is applied in-plane (horizontal-LIV) rather than out-of-plane (vertical-LIV). All LIV signals enhanced hBMSC proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and upregulated genes associated with cytoskeletal structure. The cellular response was more pronounced at higher frequencies (100 Hz vs 30 Hz) and when applied in the horizontal plane. Horizontal but not vertical LIV realigned the cell cytoskeleton, culminating in increased cell stiffness. Our results show that applying very small oscillatory motions within the primary cell attachment plane, rather than perpendicular to it, amplifies the cell's response to LIV, ostensibly facilitating a more effective transfer of intracellular forces. Transcriptional and structural changes in particular with horizontal LIV, together with the strong frequency dependency of the signal, emphasize the importance of intracellular cytoskeletal configuration in sensing and responding to high-frequency mechanical signals at low intensities.
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