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Eisenhut P, Marx N, Borsi G, Papež M, Ruggeri C, Baumann M, Borth N. Manipulating gene expression levels in mammalian cell factories: An outline of synthetic molecular toolboxes to achieve multiplexed control. N Biotechnol 2024; 79:1-19. [PMID: 38040288 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells have developed dedicated molecular mechanisms to tightly control expression levels of their genes where the specific transcriptomic signature across all genes eventually determines the cell's phenotype. Modulating cellular phenotypes is of major interest to study their role in disease or to reprogram cells for the manufacturing of recombinant products, such as biopharmaceuticals. Cells of mammalian origin, for example Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, are most commonly employed to produce therapeutic proteins. Early genetic engineering approaches to alter their phenotype have often been attempted by "uncontrolled" overexpression or knock-down/-out of specific genetic factors. Many studies in the past years, however, highlight that rationally regulating and fine-tuning the strength of overexpression or knock-down to an optimum level, can adjust phenotypic traits with much more precision than such "uncontrolled" approaches. To this end, synthetic biology tools have been generated that enable (fine-)tunable and/or inducible control of gene expression. In this review, we discuss various molecular tools used in mammalian cell lines and group them by their mode of action: transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using these tools for each cell regulatory layer and with respect to cell line engineering approaches. This review highlights the plethora of synthetic toolboxes that could be employed, alone or in combination, to optimize cellular systems and eventually gain enhanced control over the cellular phenotype to equip mammalian cell factories with the tools required for efficient production of emerging, more difficult-to-express biologics formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eisenhut
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Marx
- BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Giulia Borsi
- BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maja Papež
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Caterina Ruggeri
- BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Baumann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Sinegubova MV, Kolesov DE, Dayanova LK, Vorobiev II, Orlova NA. Enhancing Human Glycoprotein Hormones Production in CHO Cells Using Heterologous Beta-Chain Signal Peptides. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024; 514:1-5. [PMID: 38112968 PMCID: PMC11021241 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923700576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of heterologous signal peptides in the β-chains of glycoprotein hormones on the biosynthesis of these hormones in a transiently transfected culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO S. When the natural signal peptides of the β-chains were replaced with the heterologous signal peptide of human serum albumin, cell productivity was increased 2-2.5 times for human luteinizing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, and human thyroid-stimulating hormone, but not for human follicle-stimulating hormone. No significant increase in cell productivity was observed for human azurocidin signal peptide and human glycoprotein hormone α-chain signal peptide. The used approach allows quick assessing the effect of heterologous signal peptides on the biosynthesis of heterodimeric proteins of various classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Sinegubova
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology," Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - D E Kolesov
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology," Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - L K Dayanova
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology," Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - I I Vorobiev
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology," Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Orlova
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology," Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Prymaczok NC, De Francesco PN, Mazzetti S, Humbert-Claude M, Tenenbaum L, Cappelletti G, Masliah E, Perello M, Riek R, Gerez JA. Cell-to-cell transmitted alpha-synuclein recapitulates experimental Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38184623 PMCID: PMC10771530 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive accumulation of alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) neuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies in the nervous system. Lewy bodies can arise from the cell-to-cell propagation of αSyn, which can occur via sequential steps of secretion and uptake. Here, by fusing a removable short signal peptide to the N-terminus of αSyn, we developed a novel mouse model with enhanced αSyn secretion and cell-to-cell transmission. Expression of the secreted αSyn in the mouse brain was under the control of a novel hybrid promoter in combination with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9). This combination of promoter and viral vector induced a robust expression in neurons but not in the glia of injected mice. Biochemical characterization of the secreted αSyn revealed that, in cultured cells, this protein is released to the extracellular milieu via conventional secretion. The released αSyn is then internalized and processed by acceptor cells via the endosome-lysosome pathway indicating that the secreted αSyn is cell-to-cell transmitted. The secreted αSyn is aggregation-prone and amyloidogenic, and when expressed in the brain of wild-type non-transgenic mice, it induces a Parkinson's disease-like phenotype that includes a robust αSyn pathology in the substantia nigra, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and motor deficits, all the key features of experimental animal models of Parkinson's disease. In summary, a novel animal model of Parkinson's disease based on enhanced cell-to-cell transmission of αSyn was developed. The neuron-produced cell-to-cell transmitted αSyn triggers all phenotypic features of experimental Parkinson's disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cecilia Prymaczok
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Nicolas De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE), dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission and University of La Plata Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Samanta Mazzetti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milano, Italy
| | - Marie Humbert-Claude
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Center for Neuroscience Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Neurotherapies and NeuroModulation, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Center for Neuroscience Research, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, Milano, Italy
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging/NIH, 7201, Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology (IMBICE), dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission and University of La Plata Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Roland Riek
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Atilio Gerez
- Institute of Molecular Physical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Cheng Q, Farbiak L, Vaidya A, Guerrero E, Lee EE, Rose EK, Wang X, Robinson J, Lee SM, Wei T, Miller WE, Alvarez Benedicto E, Lian X, Wang RC, Siegwart DJ. In situ production and secretion of proteins endow therapeutic benefit against psoriasiform dermatitis and melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313009120. [PMID: 38109533 PMCID: PMC10756300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313009120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic medicines have the potential to treat various diseases; however, certain ailments including inflammatory diseases and cancer would benefit from control over extracellular localization of therapeutic proteins. A critical gap therefore remains the need to develop and incorporate methodologies that allow for posttranslational control over expression dynamics, localization, and stability of nucleic acid-generated protein therapeutics. To address this, we explored how the body's endogenous machinery controls protein localization through signal peptides (SPs), including how these motifs could be incorporated modularly into therapeutics. SPs serve as a virtual zip code for mRNA transcripts that direct the cell where to send completed proteins within the cell and the body. Utilizing this signaling biology, we incorporated secretory SP sequences upstream of mRNA transcripts coding for reporter, natural, and therapeutic proteins to induce secretion of the proteins into systemic circulation. SP sequences generated secretion of various engineered proteins into the bloodstream following intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous SP mRNA delivery by lipid, polymer, and ionizable phospholipid delivery carriers. SP-engineered etanercept/TNF-α inhibitor proteins demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis model by reducing hyperkeratosis and inflammation. An SP-engineered anti-PD-L1 construct mediated mRNA encoded proteins with longer serum half-lives that reduced tumor burden and extended survival in MC38 and B16F10 cancer models. The modular nature of SP platform should enable intracellular and extracellular localization control of various functional proteins for diverse therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Lukas Farbiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Amogh Vaidya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Erick Guerrero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Eunice E. Lee
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Elysha K. Rose
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Joshua Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Sang M. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Tuo Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - William E. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Ester Alvarez Benedicto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Xizhen Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Richard C. Wang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Daniel J. Siegwart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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5
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Walton K, Nawara TJ, Angermeier AR, Rosengrant H, Lee E, Wynn B, Victorova E, Belov G, Sztul E. Site-specific phosphorylations of the Arf activator GBF1 differentially regulate GBF1 function in Golgi homeostasis and secretion versus cytokinesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13609. [PMID: 37604968 PMCID: PMC10442430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse cellular processes, including membrane traffic, lipid homeostasis, cytokinesis, mitochondrial positioning, and cell motility are critically dependent on the Sec7 domain guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1. Yet, how the participation of GBF1 in a particular cellular function is regulated is unknown. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of specific highly conserved serine and tyrosine residues within the N-terminal domain of GBF1 differentially regulates its function in maintaining Golgi homeostasis and facilitating secretion versus its role in cytokinesis. Specifically, GBF1 mutants containing single amino acid substitutions that mimic a stably phosphorylated S233, S371, Y377, and Y515 or the S233A mutant that can't be phosphorylated are fully able to maintain Golgi architecture and support cargo traffic through the secretory pathway when assessed in multiple functional assays. However, the same mutants cause multi-nucleation when expressed in cells, and appear to inhibit the progression through mitosis and the resolution of cytokinetic bridges. Thus, GBF1 participates in distinct interactive networks when mediating Golgi homeostasis and secretion versus facilitating cytokinesis, and GBF1 integration into such networks is differentially regulated by the phosphorylation of specific GBF1 residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Walton
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 668, Birmingham, AL, 35233-2008, USA.
| | - Tomasz J Nawara
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 668, Birmingham, AL, 35233-2008, USA
| | - Allyson R Angermeier
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 668, Birmingham, AL, 35233-2008, USA
| | - Hadley Rosengrant
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 668, Birmingham, AL, 35233-2008, USA
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 668, Birmingham, AL, 35233-2008, USA
| | - Bridge Wynn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 668, Birmingham, AL, 35233-2008, USA
| | - Ekaterina Victorova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - George Belov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, MCLM 668, Birmingham, AL, 35233-2008, USA
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6
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O’Neill P, Mistry RK, Brown AJ, James DC. Protein-Specific Signal Peptides for Mammalian Vector Engineering. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2339-2352. [PMID: 37487508 PMCID: PMC10443038 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins in mammalian cell factories relies on synthetic assemblies of genetic parts to optimally control flux through the product biosynthetic pathway. In comparison to other genetic part-types, there is a relative paucity of characterized signal peptide components, particularly for mammalian cell contexts. In this study, we describe a toolkit of signal peptide elements, created using bioinformatics-led and synthetic design approaches, that can be utilized to enhance production of biopharmaceutical proteins in Chinese hamster ovary cell factories. We demonstrate, for the first time in a mammalian cell context, that machine learning can be used to predict how discrete signal peptide elements will perform when utilized to drive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation of specific single chain protein products. For more complex molecular formats, such as multichain monoclonal antibodies, we describe how a combination of in silico and targeted design rule-based in vitro testing can be employed to rapidly identify product-specific signal peptide solutions from minimal screening spaces. The utility of this technology is validated by deriving vector designs that increase product titers ≥1.8×, compared to standard industry systems, for a range of products, including a difficult-to-express monoclonal antibody. The availability of a vastly expanded toolbox of characterized signal peptide parts, combined with streamlined in silico/in vitro testing processes, will permit efficient expression vector re-design to maximize titers of both simple and complex protein products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela O’Neill
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Rajesh K. Mistry
- AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceutical Development, Cell Culture and Fermentation
Sciences, Aaron Klugg Building, Granta
Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K.
| | - Adam J. Brown
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
- SynGenSys
Limited, Freeths LLP, Norfolk Street, Sheffield S1 2JE, U.K.
| | - David C. James
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
- SynGenSys
Limited, Freeths LLP, Norfolk Street, Sheffield S1 2JE, U.K.
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7
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Frank JA, Singh M, Cullen HB, Kirou RA, Benkaddour-Boumzaouad M, Cortes JL, Garcia-Perez J, Coyne CB, Feschotte C. Evolution and antiviral activity of a human protein of retroviral origin. Science 2022; 378:422-428. [PMID: 36302021 PMCID: PMC10542854 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses are abundant components of mammalian genomes descended from ancient germline infections. In several mammals, the envelope proteins encoded by these elements protect against exogenous viruses, but this activity has not been documented with endogenously expressed envelopes in humans. We report that the human genome harbors a large pool of envelope-derived sequences with the potential to restrict retroviral infection. To test this, we characterized an envelope-derived protein, Suppressyn. We found that Suppressyn is expressed in human preimplantation embryos and developing placenta using its ancestral retroviral promoter. Cell culture assays showed that Suppressyn, and its hominoid orthologs, could restrict infection by extant mammalian type D retroviruses. Our data support a generalizable model of retroviral envelope co-option for host immunity and genome defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Frank
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Harrison B. Cullen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Raphael A. Kirou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Meriem Benkaddour-Boumzaouad
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government; PTS Granada, Spain
| | - Jose L. Cortes
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government; PTS Granada, Spain
- Eppendorf; Iberica, Spain
| | - Jose Garcia-Perez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government; PTS Granada, Spain
- MRC-Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carolyn B. Coyne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cédric Feschotte
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY, USA
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8
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Kangro K, Roose E, Dekimpe C, Vandenbulcke A, Graça NAG, Voorberg J, Ustav M, Männik A, Vanhoorelbeke K. Improvement of recombinant ADAMTS13 production through a more optimal signal peptide or an N-terminal fusion protein. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2379-2385. [PMID: 35841209 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rADAMTS13) is a key protein in fundamental research for investigating its mode of action and the pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). However, the expression of rADAMTS13 is quite low in mammalian cells, which makes the production of the protein time-consuming and labor-intensive. OBJECTIVES We aimed at increasing the yield of rADAMTS13 by (1) using a more optimal signal peptide (SP) and (2) constructing an N-terminal fusion protein of ADAMTS13 with human serum albumin domain 1 (AD1-ADAMTS13). METHODS Six SPs were investigated to select the most optimal SP. Expression plasmids containing the most optimal SP and ADAMTS13 cDNA or the fusion construct AD1-ADAMTS13 were generated and transiently transfected into CHOEBNALT85 cell-line. Expression levels of rADAMTS13 in expression medium were analyzed and compared with the expression level of rADAMTS13 with native SP (nat-SP). RESULTS Expression of rADAMTS13 with coagulation factor VII (FVII) SP was 3-fold higher (16.00 μg/ml) compared with the expression with nat-SP (5.03 μg/ml). The highest yields were obtained with AD1-ADAMTS13 protein with a 15-fold higher concentration (78.22 μg/ml) compared with the expression with nat-SP. The rADAMTS13 expressed with FVII-SP retained its activity (104.0%) to cleave von Willebrand factor, whereas AD1-ADAMTS13 demonstrated even higher activity (144.3%). CONCLUSION We succeeded in generating expression vectors that yield (1) rADAMTS13 at higher levels because of more optimal FVII-SP and (2) high levels of AD1-ADAMTS13 N-terminal fusion protein. The highest expression levels were obtained with AD1-ADAMTS13 N-terminal fusion protein, which is paving the way for highly efficient protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Kangro
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Õssu, Kambja vald, Estonia
| | - Elien Roose
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dekimpe
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Aline Vandenbulcke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Nuno A G Graça
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Õssu, Kambja vald, Estonia
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin-Academic Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mart Ustav
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Õssu, Kambja vald, Estonia
| | - Andres Männik
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Õssu, Kambja vald, Estonia
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
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9
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Li ZM, Fan ZL, Wang XY, Wang TY. Factors Affecting the Expression of Recombinant Protein and Improvement Strategies in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:880155. [PMID: 35860329 PMCID: PMC9289362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.880155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant therapeutic proteins (RTPs) are important parts of biopharmaceuticals. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) have become the main cell hosts for the production of most RTPs approved for marketing because of their high-density suspension growth characteristics, and similar human post-translational modification patterns et al. In recent years, many studies have been performed on CHO cell expression systems, and the yields and quality of recombinant protein expression have been greatly improved. However, the expression levels of some proteins are still low or even difficult-to express in CHO cells. It is urgent further to increase the yields and to express successfully the “difficult-to express” protein in CHO cells. The process of recombinant protein expression of is a complex, involving multiple steps such as transcription, translation, folding processing and secretion. In addition, the inherent characteristics of molecular will also affect the production of protein. Here, we reviewed the factors affecting the expression of recombinant protein and improvement strategies in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Mei Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Fan
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-Yun Wang,
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10
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Effect of prepropeptide replacement on γ-carboxylation and activity of recombinant coagulation factor IX. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:975-984. [PMID: 35731352 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Based on observations indicating that the γ-carboxylase enzyme has a lower affinity for the protein C (PC) propeptide and that the γ-carboxylase region in the PC propeptide has a higher net charge, expression of recombinant chimeric factor IX (FIX) equipped with the PC propeptide was studied. The prepropeptide of FIX was replaced with that of PC by SOEing PCR and after cloning, recombinant pMT-prepro PC/FIX was transfected into insect Drosophila S2 cells. The expression and activity of expressed FIX were analyzed employing antigen and activity analyses 72 h of post-induction with copper. Higher secretion (1.2 fold) and activity (1.6 fold) levels were observed for chimeric prepro- PC/FIX in relation to wild-type FIX. Furthermore, after barium citrate precipitation, the evaluation of fully γ-carboxylated FIX indicated that more than 51% of the total FIX produced with the PC prepropeptide was fully γ-carboxylated, representing a substantial improvement (twofold) over a system employing the native FIX propeptide in which 25% of the protein is fully γ-carboxylated. The data illustrated that the expression of FIX using the PC propeptide led to much higher fully γ-carboxylated material, which is preferred to FIX constructs tolerating the sequence for the native FIX propeptide expressed in heterologous S2 systems.
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11
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Larionova MD, Markova SV, Vysotski ES. Production of Copepod Luciferases via Baculovirus Expression System. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2524:75-89. [PMID: 35821464 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2453-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secreted copepod luciferases (CopLucs) represent highly homologous enzymes which catalyze the oxidation of a low molecular weight substrate, coelenterazine, with the emission of blue light (λmax = 485-488 nm), that is called bioluminescence (BL). The well-studied Gaussia (GLuc) and Metridia (MLuc) luciferases originally cloned from the marine copepods Gaussia princeps and Metridia longa belong to the group of the smallest natural luciferases. Their minimal molecular weight, high luminescent activity, cofactor-independent BL, and the ability to be secreted due to the own signal peptide open up the horizons for genetic engineering of CopLuc-based sensitive biosensors for in vivo imaging and in vitro analytical applications. The "standard" soluble bacterial expression of the recombinant CopLucs and luciferase-based hybrid proteins is hampered by the presence of high amounts of intramolecular disulfide bonds (up to 5 per molecule). Here, we describe the universal protocol for highly effective secreted expression of disulfide-rich CopLucs using their own signal peptide in insect cells and their purification from serum-free culture medium. The suggested protocol allows obtaining high-purity CopLucs folded in their native form with the yield of up to 5 mg per liter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Larionova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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12
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Evaluation of artificial signal peptides for secretion of two lysosomal enzymes in CHO cells. Biochem J 2021; 478:2309-2319. [PMID: 34032266 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a scientifically rational and clinically proven treatment for lysosomal storage diseases. Most enzymes used for ERT are purified from the culture supernatant of mammalian cells. However, it is challenging to purify lysosomal enzymes with sufficient quality and quantity for clinical use due to their low secretion levels in mammalian cell systems. To improve the secretion efficiency of recombinant lysosomal enzymes, we evaluated the impact of artificial signal peptides on the production of recombinant lysosomal enzymes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. We engineered two recombinant human lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-α-glucosaminidase (rhNAGLU) and glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (rhGNS), by replacing their native signal peptides with nine different signal peptides derived from highly secretory proteins and expressed them in CHO K1 cells. When comparing the native signal peptides, we found that rhGNS was secreted into media at higher levels than rhNAGLU. The secretion of rhNAGLU and rhGNS can, however, be carefully controlled by altering signal peptides. The secretion of rhNAGLU was relatively higher with murine Igκ light chain and human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptides, whereas Igκ light chain signal peptide 1 and human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptides were more effective for rhGNS secretion, suggesting that human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptide is the most appropriate for increasing lysosomal enzyme secretion. Collectively, our results indicate that altering signal peptide can modulate the secretion of recombinant lysosome enzymes and will enable lysosomal enzyme production for clinical use.
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13
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Incaviglia I, Frutiger A, Blickenstorfer Y, Treindl F, Ammirati G, Lüchtefeld I, Dreier B, Plückthun A, Vörös J, Reichmuth AM. An Approach for the Real-Time Quantification of Cytosolic Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Cells. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1572-1582. [PMID: 33759497 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cell-based assays have been frequently used in molecular interaction analysis. Cell-based assays complement traditional biochemical and biophysical methods, as they allow for molecular interaction analysis, mode of action studies, and even drug screening processes to be performed under physiologically relevant conditions. In most cellular assays, biomolecules are usually labeled to achieve specificity. In order to overcome some of the drawbacks associated with label-based assays, we have recently introduced "cell-based molography" as a biosensor for the analysis of specific molecular interactions involving native membrane receptors in living cells. Here, we expand this assay to cytosolic protein-protein interactions. First, we created a biomimetic membrane receptor by tethering one cytosolic interaction partner to the plasma membrane. The artificial construct is then coherently arranged into a two-dimensional pattern within the cytosol of living cells. Thanks to the molographic sensor, the specific interactions between the coherently arranged protein and its endogenous interaction partners become visible in real time without the use of a fluorescent label. This method turns out to be an important extension of cell-based molography because it expands the range of interactions that can be analyzed by molography to those in the cytosol of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Incaviglia
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Frutiger
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Blickenstorfer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fridolin Treindl
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Ammirati
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ines Lüchtefeld
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Dreier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janos Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Reichmuth
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Park KW, Wood CA, Li J, Taylor BC, Oh S, Young NL, Jankowsky JL. Gene therapy using Aβ variants for amyloid reduction. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2294-2307. [PMID: 33647457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous aggregation inhibitors have been developed with the goal of blocking or reversing toxic amyloid formation in vivo. Previous studies have used short peptide inhibitors targeting different amyloid β (Aβ) amyloidogenic regions to prevent aggregation. Despite the specificity that can be achieved by peptide inhibitors, translation of these strategies has been thwarted by two key obstacles: rapid proteolytic degradation in the bloodstream and poor transfer across the blood-brain barrier. To circumvent these problems, we have created a minigene to express full-length Aβ variants in the mouse brain. We identify two variants, F20P and F19D/L34P, that display four key properties required for therapeutic use: neither peptide aggregates on its own, both inhibit aggregation of wild-type Aβ in vitro, promote disassembly of pre-formed fibrils, and diminish toxicity of Aβ oligomers. We used intraventricular injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to express each variant in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Lifelong expression of F20P, but not F19D/L34P, diminished Aβ levels, plaque burden, and plaque-associated neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that AAV delivery of Aβ variants may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. More broadly our work offers a framework for identifying and delivering peptide inhibitors tailored to other protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Caleb A Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bethany C Taylor
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - SaeWoong Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 GyunggiDo, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolas L Young
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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15
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Syed AJ, Anderson JC. Applications of bioluminescence in biotechnology and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5668-5705. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescent probes have hugely benefited from the input of synthetic chemistry and protein engineering. Here we review the latest applications of these probes in biotechnology and beyond, with an eye on current limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha J. Syed
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
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16
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Grindel B, Engel BJ, Hall CG, Kelderhouse LE, Lucci A, Zacharias NM, Takahashi TT, Millward SW. Mammalian Expression and In Situ Biotinylation of Extracellular Protein Targets for Directed Evolution. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25440-25455. [PMID: 33043224 PMCID: PMC7542843 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Directed evolution is a powerful tool for the selection of functional ligands from molecular libraries. Extracellular domains (ECDs) of cell surface receptors are common selection targets for therapeutic and imaging agent development. Unfortunately, these proteins are often post-translationally modified and are therefore unsuitable for expression in bacterial systems. Directional immobilization of these targets is further hampered by the absence of biorthogonal groups for site-specific chemical conjugation. We have developed a nonadherent mammalian expression system for rapid, high-yield expression of biotinylated ECDs. ECDs from EGFR, HER2, and HER3 were site-specifically biotinylated in situ and recovered from the cell culture supernatant with yields of up to 10 mg/L at >90% purity. Biotinylated ECDs also contained a protease cleavage site for rapid and selective release of the ECD after immobilization on avidin/streptavidin resins and library binding. A model mRNA display selection round was carried out against the HER2 ECD with the HER2 affibody expressed as an mRNA-protein fusion. HER2 affibody-mRNA fusions were selectively released by thrombin and quantitative PCR revealed substantial improvements in the enrichment of functional affibody-mRNA fusions relative to direct PCR amplification of the resin-bound target. This methodology allows rapid purification of high-quality targets for directed evolution and selective elution of functional sequences at the conclusion of each selection round.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian
J. Grindel
- Department
of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Brian J. Engel
- Department
of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Carolyn G. Hall
- Department
of Breast Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson
Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Lindsay E. Kelderhouse
- Department
of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Anthony Lucci
- Department
of Breast Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson
Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Niki M. Zacharias
- Department
of Urology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Terry T. Takahashi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Steven W. Millward
- Department
of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer
Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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17
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Wang TY, Guo X. Expression vector cassette engineering for recombinant therapeutic production in mammalian cell systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5673-5688. [PMID: 32372203 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human tissue plasminogen activator was the first recombinant therapy protein that successfully produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells in 1986 and approved for clinical use. Since then, more and more therapeutic proteins are being manufactured in mammalian cells, and the technologies for recombinant protein production in this expression system have developed rapidly, with the optimization of both upstream and downstream processes. One of the most promising strategies is expression vector cassette optimization based on the expression vector cassette. In this review paper, these approaches and developments are summarized, and the future strategy on the utilizing of expression cassettes for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Xiao Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- Perildicals Publishing House, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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18
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Gupta K, Parasnis M, Jain R, Dandekar P. Vector-related stratagems for enhanced monoclonal antibody production in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Vatandoost J, Bos MHA. Improved activity and expression of recombinant human factor IX by propeptide engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:653-660. [PMID: 31637661 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main therapeutic strategy for Hemophilia B patients involves the administration of recombinant coagulation factors IX (rFIX). Although there are various approaches to increasing the activity of rFIX, targeted protein engineering of specific residues could result in increased rFIX activity through enhanced γ-carboxylation. Specific amino acids in the propeptide sequence of vitamin K-dependent proteins are known to play a role in the interaction with the enzyme γ-carboxylase. The net hydrophobicity and charge of the γ-carboxylic recognition site (γ-CRS) region in the propeptide are important determinants of γ-carboxylase binding. So the contribution of individual γ-CRS residues to the expression of fully γ-carboxylated and active FIX was studied. METHODS Propeptide residues at positions -14, -13, or - 12 were substituted for equivalent prothrombin amino acids by SEOing PCR. The recombinant FIX variants were transfected and stably expressed in Drosophila S2 cells, and the expression of both total FIX protein and active FIX was assessed. RESULTS While overall the substitutions resulted in an increase of both total FIX protein expression as well as an increase in the portion of active FIX, the highest increase in FIX protein expression, FIX activity, and specific FIX activity was observed following the simultaneous substitution of residues at positions -12, -13, and - 14. The enhanced rFIX activity was further confirmed by enrichment for functional, fully γ-carboxylated rFIX species via barium citrate adsorption. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that by increasing both the net charge and the net hydrophobicity of the FIX γ-CRS region, the expression of fully γ-carboxylated and as such active FIX is enhanced. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Vatandoost
- Department of Biology, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Mettine H A Bos
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Accurately cleavable goat β-lactoglobulin signal peptide efficiently guided translation of a recombinant human plasminogen activator in transgenic rabbit mammary gland. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190596. [PMID: 31196965 PMCID: PMC6597847 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor expression is the key factor hampering the large-scale application of transgenic animal mammary gland bioreactors. A very different approach would be to evaluate the secretion of recombinant proteins into milk in response to a cleavable signal peptide of highly secreted lactoproteins.We previously reported rabbits harboring mammary gland-specific expression vector containing a fusion cDNA (goat β-lactoglobulin (BLG) signal peptide and recombinant human plasminogen activator (rhPA) coding sequences) expressed rhPA in the milk, but we did not realize the signal peptide contributed to the high rhPA concentration and did not mention it at that time. And the molecular structure and biological characteristics still remain unknown. So, rhPA in the milk was purified and characterized in the present study.rhPA was purified from the milk, and the purity of the recovered product was 98% with no loss of biological activity. Analysis of the N-terminal sequence, C-terminal sequence, and the molecular mass of purified rhPA revealed that they matched the theoretical design requirements. The active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) reactions of the purified rhPA were negative. Taken together, these results indicated that the goat BLG signal peptide can efficiently mediate rhPA secretion into milk and was accurately cleaved off from rhPA by endogenous rabbit signal peptidase.We have reinforced the importance of a rhPA coding region fused to a cleavable heterologous signal peptide from highly secreted goat BLG to improve recombinant protein expression. It is anticipated that these findings will be widely applied to high-yield production of medically important recombinant proteins.
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21
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Rybakova Y, Kowalski PS, Huang Y, Gonzalez JT, Heartlein MW, DeRosa F, Delcassian D, Anderson DG. mRNA Delivery for Therapeutic Anti-HER2 Antibody Expression In Vivo. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1415-1423. [PMID: 31160223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based drugs are a leading class of biologics used to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. However, wide antibody implementation is hindered by manufacturing challenges and high production cost. Use of in-vitro-transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) for endogenous protein expression has the potential to circumvent many of the shortcomings of antibody production and therapeutic application. Here, we describe the development of an IVT-mRNA system for in vivo delivery of a humanized anti-HER2 (also known as ERBB2) antibody, trastuzumab, and demonstrate its anticancer activity. We engineered the IVT-mRNA sequence to maximize expression, then formulated the IVT-mRNA into lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) to protect the mRNA from degradation and enable efficient in vivo delivery. Systemic delivery of the optimized IVT-mRNA loaded into LNPs resulted in antibody serum concentrations of 45 ± 8.6 μg/mL for 14 days after LNP injection. Further studies demonstrated an improved pharmacokinetic profile of the produced protein compared to injection of trastuzumab protein. Finally, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with trastuzumab IVT-mRNA LNPs selectively reduced the volume of HER2-positive tumors and improved animal survival. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate that using IVT-mRNA LNPs to express full-size therapeutic antibodies in the liver can provide an effective strategy for cancer treatment and offers an alternative to protein administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Rybakova
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John T Gonzalez
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Derfogail Delcassian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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22
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Pore-forming spider venom peptides show cytotoxicity to hyperpolarized cancer cells expressing K+ channels: A lentiviral vector approach. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215391. [PMID: 30978253 PMCID: PMC6461346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated the upregulation of K+ channels in cancer cells. We have previously found that a pore-forming peptide LaFr26, purified from the venom of the Lachesana sp spider, was selectively incorporated into K+ channel expressing hyperpolarized cells. Therefore, it is expected that this peptide would have selective cytotoxicity to hyperpolarized cancer cells. Here we have tested whether LaFr26 and its related peptide, oxyopinin-2b, are selectively cytotoxic to K+ channel expressing cancer cells. These peptides were cytotoxic to the cells, of which resting membrane potential was hyperpolarized. The vulnerabilities of K+ channel-expressing cell lines correlated with their resting membrane potential. They were cytotoxic to lung cancer cell lines LX22 and BEN, which endogenously expressed K+ current. Contrastingly, these peptides were ineffective to glioblastoma cell lines, U87 and T98G, of which membrane potentials were depolarized. Peptides have a drawback, i.e. poor drug-delivery, that hinders their potential use as medicine. To overcome this drawback, we prepared lentiviral vectors that can express these pore-forming peptides and tested the cytotoxicity to K+ channel expressing cells. The transduction with these lentiviral vectors showed autotoxic activity to the channel expressing cells. Our study provides the basis for a new oncolytic viral therapy.
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23
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Markova SV, Larionova MD, Vysotski ES. Shining Light on the Secreted Luciferases of Marine Copepods: Current Knowledge and Applications. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:705-721. [PMID: 30585639 DOI: 10.1111/php.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Copepod luciferases-a family of small secretory proteins of 18.4-24.3 kDa, including a signal peptide-are responsible for bright secreted bioluminescence of some marine copepods. The copepod luciferases use coelenterazine as a substrate to produce blue light in a simple oxidation reaction without any additional cofactors. They do not share sequence or structural similarity with other identified bioluminescent proteins including coelenterazine-dependent Renilla and Oplophorus luciferases. The small size, strong luminescence activity and high stability, including thermostability, make secreted copepod luciferases very attractive candidates as reporter proteins which are particularly useful for nondisruptive reporter assays and for high-throughput format. The most known and extensively investigated representatives of this family are the first cloned GpLuc and MLuc luciferases from copepods Gaussia princeps and Metridia longa, respectively. Immediately after cloning, these homologous luciferases were successfully applied as bioluminescent reporters in vivo and in vitro, and since then, the scope of their applications continues to grow. This review is an attempt to systemize and critically evaluate the data scattered through numerous articles regarding the main structural features of copepod luciferases, their luminescent and physicochemical properties. We also review the main trends of their application as bioluminescent reporters in cell and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Markova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina D Larionova
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene S Vysotski
- Photobiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Askari M, Bonakdar S, Anbouhi MH, Shahsavarani H, Kargozar S, Khalaj V, Shokrgozar MA. Sustained release of TGF-β1 via genetically-modified cells induces the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in alginate sulfate hydrogels. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 30:7. [PMID: 30594964 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strategies based on growth factor (GF) delivery have attracted considerable attention in tissue engineering applications. Among different GFs, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is considered to be a potent factor for inducing chondrogenesis. In the present study, an expression cassette encoding the TGF-β1 protein was prepared and transfected into the SP2/0-Ag14 cell line. The confocal microscopy of the transfected cells was performed to confirm the correct transfection process. The expression and in vitro release kinetics of the recombinant TGF-β1 were assessed by western blot analysis and ELISA, respectively. Moreover, the biological activity of the expressed protein was compared with that of a commercially available product. The chondrogenic effects of the sustained release of the recombinant TGF-β1 in an in vitro co-culture system were evaluated using a migration assay and real-time PCR. Results of confocal microscopy confirmed the successful transfection of the vector-encoding TGF-β1 protein into the SP2/0-Ag14 cells. The bioactivity of the produced protein was in the range of the commercial product. The sustained release of the TGF-β1 protein via SP2/0-Ag14 cells encapsulated in hydrogels encouraged the migration of adipose-derived MSCs. In addition, the expression analysis of chondrogenesis-related genes revealed that the pretreatment of encapsulated Ad-MSCs cells in alginate sulfate hydrogels through their exposure to the sustained release of TGF-β1 is an efficient approach before transplantation of cells into the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Askari
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Shahsavarani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kargozar
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 917794-8564, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Ivanusic D, Pietsch H, König J, Denner J. Absence of IL-10 production by human PBMCs co-cultivated with human cells expressing or secreting retroviral immunosuppressive domains. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200570. [PMID: 30001404 PMCID: PMC6042780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression by retroviruses including the human immunodeficiency virus—1 (HIV-1) is well known, however the mechanisms how retroviruses induce this immunosuppression is not fully investigated. It was shown that non-infectious retroviral particles as well as retroviral or recombinant retroviral transmembrane envelope (TM) proteins demonstrated immunosuppressive properties. The same was shown for peptides corresponding to a highly conserved domain in the TM protein. This domain is called immunosuppressive (ISU) domain and it induces modulation of the cytokine release of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors. In addition, it changes the gene expression of these cells. Common indications for the immunosuppressive activity were tumour growth in vivo and interleukin—10 (IL-10) release from human PBMCs in vitro. Single mutations in the ISU domain abrogated the immunosuppressive activity. In order to develop a new model system for the expression of the ISU domain and presentation to PBMCs which is not prone to possible endotoxin contaminations, two expression systems were developed. In the first system, designated pOUT, retroviral proteins containing the ISU domain were expressed and released into the cell culture medium, and in the second system, tANCHOR, the ISU domain was presented by a tetraspanin-anchored sequence on the cell surface of human cells. Both systems were exploited to express the wild-type (wt) ISU domains of HIV-1, of the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) and of the murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) as well as to express mutants (mut) of these ISU domains. PERV is of special interest in the context of virus safety of xenotransplantation using pig organs. Expression of the TM proteins was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, ELISA and Western blot analyses using specific antibodies. However, when cells expressing and releasing the ISU were co-incubated with human PBMCs, no increased production of IL-10 was observed when compared with the mutants. Similar results were obtained when the released TM proteins were concentrated by immunoprecipitation and added to PBMCs. We suggest that the absence of IL-10 induction can be explained by a low amount of protein, by the lack of a biologically active conformation or the absence of additional factors.
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Liu Y, Bai P, Woischnig AK, Charpin-El Hamri G, Ye H, Folcher M, Xie M, Khanna N, Fussenegger M. Immunomimetic Designer Cells Protect Mice from MRSA Infection. Cell 2018; 174:259-270.e11. [PMID: 29937224 PMCID: PMC6057273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many community- and hospital-acquired bacterial infections are caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) predisposes humans to invasive infections that are difficult to eradicate. We designed a closed-loop gene network programming mammalian cells to autonomously detect and eliminate bacterial infections. The genetic circuit contains human Toll-like receptors as the bacterial sensor and a synthetic promoter driving reversible and adjustable expression of lysostaphin, a bacteriolytic enzyme highly lethal to S. aureus. Immunomimetic designer cells harboring this genetic circuit exhibited fast and robust sense-and-destroy kinetics against live staphylococci. When tested in a foreign-body infection model in mice, microencapsulated cell implants prevented planktonic MRSA infection and reduced MRSA biofilm formation by 91%. Notably, this system achieved a 100% cure rate of acute MRSA infections, whereas conventional vancomycin treatment failed. These results suggest that immunomimetic designer cells could offer a therapeutic approach for early detection, prevention, and cure of pathogenic infections in the post-antibiotic era. Video Abstract
A closed-loop gene network with bacterial sense-and-destroy actuation Direct diagnosis of implant-associated infections through blood biomarkers Early prevention of MRSA infection, as well as biofilm formation, in vivo Curing acute MRSA infections as an alternative to antibiotic therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Kathrin Woischnig
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Haifeng Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, 200241 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Marc Folcher
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mingqi Xie
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Efficient mAb production in CHO cells with optimized signal peptide, codon, and UTR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5953-5964. [PMID: 29740673 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drugs have been used to treat a number of diseases successfully. Producing antibodies with high yield and quality is necessary for clinical applications of antibodies. For a candidate molecule, optimization of a vector to produce sufficient yield and an accurate primary structure is indispensable in the early stage of the production process development. It is especially important to maintain the fidelity of N-terminal sequence. In order to produce antibodies with a high yield and accurate N-terminal, the expression vector was systematically optimized in this study. First, the heavy chain and light chain were co-expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with different signal peptides. Mass spectrometry (MS) revealed that signal peptides Esp-K, Bsp-H, and 8Hsp-H were accurately deleted from mature antibodies. Further, the yield was doubled by codon optimization and increased by 50% with the presence of untranslated regions (UTR). The combination of UTR with optimal codon and signal peptide to form an expression vector resulted in yield improvement of 150% and correct N-terminal sequences. Moreover, the main product peak was above 98% as assessed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Additionally, the bioactivity of products made from optimized transient gene expression (TGE) was almost identical to the standard sample. The production efficiency and product quality from the identified TGE optimization strategy was further demonstrated through application to two other antibodies. The expression level of SGE (stable gene expression) can also be improved effectively with this optimization strategy. In conclusion, vector optimization via combination of optimized signal peptide, codon, and UTR is an alternative approach for efficient antibody production with high fidelity N-terminal sequence in CHO cells.
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Comparison of secretory signal peptides for heterologous protein expression in microalgae: Expanding the secretion portfolio for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192433. [PMID: 29408937 PMCID: PMC5800701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient protein secretion is a desirable trait for any recombinant protein expression system, together with simple, low-cost, and defined media, such as the typical media used for photosynthetic cultures of microalgae. However, low titers of secreted heterologous proteins are usually obtained, even with the most extensively studied microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, preventing their industrial application. In this study, we aimed to expand and evaluate secretory signal peptides (SP) for heterologous protein secretion in C. reinhardtii by comparing previously described SP with untested sequences. We compared the SPs from arylsulfatase 1 and carbonic anhydrase 1, with those of untried SPs from binding protein 1, an ice-binding protein, and six sequences identified in silico. We identified over 2000 unique SPs using the SignalP 4.0 software. mCherry fluorescence was used to compare the protein secretion of up to 96 colonies for each construct, non-secretion construct, and parental wild-type cc1690 cells. Supernatant fluorescence varied according to the SP used, with a 10-fold difference observed between the highest and lowest secretors. Moreover, two SPs identified in silico secreted the highest amount of mCherry. Our results demonstrate that the SP should be carefully selected and that efficient sequences can be coded in the C. reinhardtii genome. The SPs described here expand the portfolio available for research on heterologous protein secretion and for biomanufacturing applications.
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Hacobian A, Hercher D. Pushing the Right Buttons: Improving Efficacy of Therapeutic DNA Vectors. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:226-239. [PMID: 29264951 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy represents a potent therapeutical application for regenerative medicine. So far, viral and nonviral approaches suffer from major drawbacks hindering efficient gene therapeutic applicability: the immunogenicity of viral systems on the one hand, and the low gene transfer efficiency of nonviral systems on the other hand. Therefore, there is a high demand for improvements of therapeutical systems at several levels. This review summarizes different DNA vector modifications to enhance biological efficacy and efficiency of therapeutical vectors, aiming for low toxicity, high specificity, and biological efficacy-the cornerstones for successful translation of gene therapy into the clinic. We aim to provide a step-by-step instruction to optimize their vectors to achieve the desired outcome of gene therapy. Our review provides the means to either construct a potent gene therapeutic vector de novo or to specifically address a bottleneck in the chain of events mandatory for therapeutic success. Although most of the introduced techniques can be translated into different areas, this review primarily addresses improvements for applications in transient gene therapy in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Department of Molecular Biology, AUVA Research Center, The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Vienna, Austria
| | - David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Department of Molecular Biology, AUVA Research Center, The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Vienna, Austria
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30
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Lin J, Neo SH, Ho SCL, Yeo JHM, Wang T, Zhang W, Bi X, Chao SH, Yang Y. Impact of Signal Peptides on Furin-2A Mediated Monoclonal Antibody Secretion in CHO Cells. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian'er Lin
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
| | - Shu Hui Neo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
| | - Steven C. L. Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
| | - Jessna H. M. Yeo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
| | - Tianhua Wang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
| | - Wei Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
| | - Sheng-Hao Chao
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology; National University of Singapore; Block MD4, 5 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117597 Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros Singapore 138668 Singapore
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Improving Pertuzumab production by gene optimization and proper signal peptide selection. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 135:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Gibson SJ, Bond NJ, Milne S, Lewis A, Sheriff A, Pettman G, Pradhan R, Higazi DR, Hatton D. N-terminal or signal peptide sequence engineering prevents truncation of human monoclonal antibody light chains. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:1970-1977. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Gibson
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Development; MedImmune; Milstein Building, Granta Park Cambridge CB21 6GH United Kingdom
| | - N. J. Bond
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Development; MedImmune; Milstein Building, Granta Park Cambridge CB21 6GH United Kingdom
| | - S. Milne
- Lonza Biologics Plc; Slough Berkshire United Kingdom
| | - A. Lewis
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Development; MedImmune; Milstein Building, Granta Park Cambridge CB21 6GH United Kingdom
| | | | - G. Pettman
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Development; MedImmune; Milstein Building, Granta Park Cambridge CB21 6GH United Kingdom
| | - R. Pradhan
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Development; MedImmune; Milstein Building, Granta Park Cambridge CB21 6GH United Kingdom
| | | | - D. Hatton
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Development; MedImmune; Milstein Building, Granta Park Cambridge CB21 6GH United Kingdom
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Kulemzin SV, Chikaev NA, Volkova OY, Kuznetsova VV, Taranin AV, Gorchakov AA. Modular lentiviral vector system for chimeric antigen receptor design optimization. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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A highly efficient modified human serum albumin signal peptide to secrete proteins in cells derived from different mammalian species. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 132:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Alves CS, Dobrowsky TM. Strategies and Considerations for Improving Expression of "Difficult to Express" Proteins in CHO Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1603:1-23. [PMID: 28493120 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6972-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the field of mammalian expression, there are still proteins that are characterized as difficult to express. Determining the expression bottleneck requires troubleshooting techniques specific for the given molecule and host. The complex array of intracellular processes involved in protein expression includes transcription, protein folding, post-translation processing, and secretion. Challenges in any of these steps could result in low protein expression, while the inherent properties of the molecule itself may limit its production via mechanisms such as cytotoxicity or inherent instability. Strategies to identify the rate-limiting step and subsequently improve expression and production are discussed here.
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Expression and Purification of Class 7 Semaphorin and Its PlexinC1 Receptor Using Baculovirus-Mediated Mammalian Cell Gene Transduction. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1493:41-56. [PMID: 27787841 PMCID: PMC5706453 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6448-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins and their receptor plexins are large glycoproteins that are difficult to express using regular recombinant methods, and the widely used E. coli and baculovirus-insect cell systems have been inadequate for semaphorins and plexins which contain a large number of domains and are heavily modified by glycosylation. Here, we describe the expression of class 7 semaphorin (Sema7A) and the extracellular domain of its receptors PlexinC1, using the baculovirus-mediated mammalian cell gene transduction (BacMam) method. A robust mammalian cell expression gene cassette, including a highly efficient secretion signal peptide, is introduced into the baculovirus which subsequently enters mammalian cells for efficient expression in suspension cell culture. Large amount of high-infectivity BacMam viruses are needed for infecting suspended mammalian cells in large scale, to generate semaphorin and plexin proteins at an amount sufficient for binding experiments and crystallographic studies. The inclusion of serum in expression ensures the robustness of cell culture, but introduces substantial amount of contaminant proteins interfering with immobilized metal ion affinity purification, which can be overcome with a two-step purification scheme.
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Román R, Miret J, Scalia F, Casablancas A, Lecina M, Cairó JJ. Enhancing heterologous protein expression and secretion in HEK293 cells by means of combination of CMV promoter and IFNα2 signal peptide. J Biotechnol 2016; 239:57-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zucchelli S, Patrucco L, Persichetti F, Gustincich S, Cotella D. Engineering Translation in Mammalian Cell Factories to Increase Protein Yield: The Unexpected Use of Long Non-Coding SINEUP RNAs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2016; 14:404-410. [PMID: 27872686 PMCID: PMC5107644 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells are an indispensable tool for the production of recombinant proteins in contexts where function depends on post-translational modifications. Among them, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are the primary factories for the production of therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). To improve expression and stability, several methodologies have been adopted, including methods based on media formulation, selective pressure and cell- or vector engineering. This review presents current approaches aimed at improving mammalian cell factories that are based on the enhancement of translation. Among well-established techniques (codon optimization and improvement of mRNA secondary structure), we describe SINEUPs, a family of antisense long non-coding RNAs that are able to increase translation of partially overlapping protein-coding mRNAs. By exploiting their modular structure, SINEUP molecules can be designed to target virtually any mRNA of interest, and thus to increase the production of secreted proteins. Thus, synthetic SINEUPs represent a new versatile tool to improve the production of secreted proteins in biomanufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zucchelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Patrucco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Gustincich
- Area of Neuroscience, SISSA, Trieste, Italy; Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Diego Cotella
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Güler-Gane G, Kidd S, Sridharan S, Vaughan TJ, Wilkinson TCI, Tigue NJ. Overcoming the Refractory Expression of Secreted Recombinant Proteins in Mammalian Cells through Modification of the Signal Peptide and Adjacent Amino Acids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155340. [PMID: 27195765 PMCID: PMC4873207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and subsequent purification of mammalian recombinant proteins is of critical importance to many areas of biological science. To maintain the appropriate tertiary structure and post-translational modifications of such proteins, transient mammalian expression systems are often adopted. The successful utilisation of these systems is, however, not always forthcoming and some recombinant proteins prove refractory to expression in mammalian hosts. In this study we focussed on the role of different N-terminal signal peptides and residues immediately downstream, in influencing the level of secreted recombinant protein obtained from suspension HEK293 cells. Using secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as a model protein, we identified that the +1/+2 downstream residues flanking a heterologous signal peptide significantly affect secreted levels. By incorporating these findings we conducted a comparison of different signal peptide sequences and identified the most productive as secrecon, a computationally-designed sequence. Importantly, in the context of the secrecon signal peptide and SEAP, we also demonstrated a clear preference for specific amino acid residues at the +1 position (e.g. alanine), and a detrimental effect of others (cysteine, proline, tyrosine and glutamine). When proteins that naturally contain these “undesirable” residues at the +1 position were expressed with their native signal peptide, the heterologous secrecon signal peptide, or secrecon with an additional alanine at the +1 or +1 and +2 position, the level of expression differed significantly and in an unpredictable manner. For each protein, however, at least one of the panel of signal peptide/adjacent amino acid combinations enabled successful recombinant expression. In this study, we highlight the important interplay between a signal peptide and its adjacent amino acids in enabling protein expression, and we describe a strategy that could enable recombinant proteins that have so far proved refractory to expression in HEK293 cells, to be produced in sufficient quantities to answer important biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Güler-Gane
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Kidd
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sudharsan Sridharan
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan J. Vaughan
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor C. I. Wilkinson
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J. Tigue
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd., Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Wu FX, He Y, Di HT, Sun YM, Pan RR, Yu WF, Liu R. An Engineered Endomorphin-2 Gene for Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149877. [PMID: 27003293 PMCID: PMC4803333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimal therapeutics to manage opioid withdrawal syndrome is desired for opioid addiction treatment. Down-regulation of endogenous endomorphin-2 (EM2) level in the central nervous system after continuous morphine exposure was observed, which suggested that increase of EM2 could be an alternative novel method for opioid dependence. As a short peptide, the short half-life of EM2 limits its clinical usage through conventional administration. In the present study, we engineered an EM2 gene using a signal peptide of mouse growth factor for an out-secretory expression of EM2 and an adenovirus as a vector, which ultimately sustained the release of EM-2. After administration of the adenovirus in central nervous system, a sustained increase of EM2 level in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was observed along with a reduction of morphine withdrawal syndrome. These findings suggest that the engineered EM2 gene delivered to the central nervous system could be a novel therapeutics for withdrawal syndrome in opioid dependent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-xiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Yan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongfang Hospital, Fujian, 354200, China
| | - Hui-ting Di
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu-ming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rui-rui Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wei-feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- * E-mail: (WFW); (RYL)
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WFW); (RYL)
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Jiang MS, Yang X, Esposito D, Nelson E, Yuan J, Hopkins RF, Broadt T, Xiao Z, Colantonio S, Prieto DA, Welch AR, Creekmore SP, Mitra G, Zhu J. Mammalian cell transient expression, non-affinity purification, and characterization of human recombinant IGFBP7, an IGF-1 targeting therapeutic protein. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:476-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen W, Zhao X, Zhang M, Yuan Y, Ge L, Tang B, Xu X, Cao L, Guo H. High-efficiency secretory expression of human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from mammalian cell lines with human serum albumin signal peptide. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 118:105-12. [PMID: 26518367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a secretory glycoprotein initially isolated from neutrophils. It is thought to be involved in the incidence and development of immunological diseases and cancers. Urinary and serum levels of NGAL have been investigated as a new biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI), for an earlier and more accurate detection method than with creatinine level. However, expressing high-quality recombinant NGAL is difficult both in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells for the low yield. Here, we cloned and fused NGAL to the C-terminus of signal peptides of human NGAL, human interleukin-2 (IL2), gaussia luciferase (Gluc), human serum albumin preproprotein (HSA) or an hidden Markov model-generated signal sequence (HMM38) respectively for transient expression in Expi293F suspension cells to screen for their ability to improve the secretory expression of recombinant NGAL. The best results were obtained with signal peptide derived from HSA. The secretory recombinant protein could react specifically with NGAL antibody. For scaled production, we used HSA signal peptide to establish stable Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. Then we developed a convenient colony-selection system to select high-expression, stable cell lines. Moreover, we purified the NGAL with Ni-Sepharose column. The recombinant human NGAL displayed full biological activity. We provide a method to enhance the secretory expression of recombinant human NGAL by using the HSA signal peptide and produce the glycoprotein in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China; Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Huang LF, Tan CC, Yeh JF, Liu HY, Liu YK, Ho SL, Lu CA. Efficient Secretion of Recombinant Proteins from Rice Suspension-Cultured Cells Modulated by the Choice of Signal Peptide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140812. [PMID: 26473722 PMCID: PMC4608814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based expression systems have emerged as a competitive platform in the large-scale production of recombinant proteins. By adding a signal peptide, αAmy3sp, the desired recombinant proteins can be secreted outside transgenic rice cells, making them easy to harvest. In this work, to improve the secretion efficiency of recombinant proteins in rice expression systems, various signal peptides including αAmy3sp, CIN1sp, and 33KDsp have been fused to the N-terminus of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and introduced into rice cells to explore the efficiency of secretion of foreign proteins. 33KDsp had better efficiency than αAmy3sp and CIN1sp for the secretion of GFP from calli and suspension-cultured cells. 33KDsp was further applied for the secretion of mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) from transgenic rice suspension-cultured cells; approximately 76%–92% of total rice-derived mGM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) was detected in the culture medium. The rmGM-CSF was bioactive and could stimulate the proliferation of a murine myeloblastic leukemia cell line, NSF-60. The extracellular yield of rmGM-CSF reached 31.7 mg/L. Our study indicates that 33KDsp is better at promoting the secretion of recombinant proteins in rice suspension-cultured cell systems than the commonly used αAmy3sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Huang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail: (L-FH); (C-AL)
| | - Chia-Chun Tan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ju-Fang Yeh
- Department of Life Science, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yi Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Kuo Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Lon Ho
- Department of Agronomy, National Chi-Yi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-An Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail: (L-FH); (C-AL)
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Dong Z, Zhang J, Du G, Chen J, Li H, Lee B. Periplasmic Export of Bile Salt Hydrolase in Escherichia coli by the Twin-Arginine Signal Peptides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015. [PMID: 26198023 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH, EC 3.5.1.24) is considered as an ideal way with lower cost and less side effects to release the risk of coronary heart disease caused by hypercholesterolemia. As bile salt hydrolase from Lactobacillus plantarum BBE7 could not be efficiently exported by PelB signal peptide of the general secretory (Sec) pathway, three twin-arginine signal peptides from twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway were synthesized, fused with bsh gene, inserted into expression vectors pET-20b(+) and pET-22b(+), and transformed into four different Escherichia coli hosts, respectively. Among the 24 recombinant bacteria obtained, E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS (pET-20b(+)-dmsA-bsh) showed the highest BSH activity in periplasmic fraction, which was further increased to 1.21 ± 0.03 U/mL by orthogonal experimental design. And, signal peptide dimethyl sulfoxide reductase subunit DmsA (DMSA) had the best activity of exported BSH. More importantly, the presence of BSH in the periplasm had proven to be caused by the export rather than cell leakage. For the first time, we report the periplasmic expression of BSH by signal peptides from the Tat pathway. This will lay a solid foundation for the purification and biochemical characterization of BSH from the supernatant, and strategies adopted here could be used for the periplasmic expression of other proteins in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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Khorshidi S, Zomorodipour A, Behmanesh M, Vatandoost J, Bos MHA. Functional expression of the human coagulation factor IX using heterologous signal peptide and propeptide sequences in mammalian cell line. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1773-81. [PMID: 26105559 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the functions of pre-pro leader peptides of the human and porcine prothrombins on the human FIX (hFIX) expression. RESULTS In silico analysis predicted higher secretion efficiencies for the prothrombins-derived signal peptides, in comparison with the native hFIX signal peptide. Replacements of the hFIX pre-pro sequence with those of the two prothrombins, led to increased levels of transcription of the chimeric transgenes, as compared to the native clone. This was in consistent with the lower minimum free energies, calculated for the recombinant transcripts, based on their secondary structures. Evaluation of secretion efficiency revealed that the highest and lowest FIX secretions belong to signal peptides derived from porcine' prothrombin and hFIX, respectively. Coagulation activities of the FIX expressed from chimeric variants could be increased up to tenfold, relative to the native clone. CONCLUSION The feasibility of a leader-peptide replacement for the improvement of both transcription and post-transcriptional processes is described that can be relevant for production the vitamin-K dependent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Khorshidi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Wu N, Rathnayaka T, Kuroda Y. Bacterial expression and re-engineering of Gaussia princeps luciferase and its use as a reporter protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1392-9. [PMID: 26025768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence, the generation of visible light in a living organism, is widely observed in nature, and a large variety of bioluminescent proteins have been discovered and characterized. Luciferase is a generic term for bioluminescent enzymes that catalyze the emission of light through the oxidization of a luciferin (also a generic term). Luciferase are not necessarily evolutionary related and do not share sequence or structural similarities. Some luciferases, such as those from fireflies and Renilla, have been thoroughly characterized and are being used in a wide range of applications in bio-imaging. Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) from the marine copepod Gaussia princeps is the smallest known luciferase, and it is attracting much attention as a potential reporter protein. GLuc identification is relatively recent, and its structure and its biophysical properties remain to be fully characterized. Here, we review the bacterial production of natively folded GLuc with special emphasis on its disulfide bond formation and the re-engineering of its bioluminescence properties. We also compare the bioluminescent properties under a strictly controlled in vitro condition of selected GLuc's variants using extensively purified proteins with native disulfide bonds. Furthermore, we discuss and predict the domain structure and location of the catalytic core based on literature and on bioinformatics analysis. Finally, we review some examples of GLuc's emerging use in biomolecular imaging and biochemical assay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tharangani Rathnayaka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuroda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Ma J, Guo C, Guo C, Sun Y, Liao T, Beattie U, López FJ, Chen DF, Lashkari K. Transplantation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells Expressing IGF-1 Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125695. [PMID: 25923430 PMCID: PMC4414591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously characterized human neuronal progenitor cells (hNP) that can adopt a retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-like morphology within the RGC and nerve fiber layers of the retina. In an effort to determine whether hNPs could be used a candidate cells for targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors (NTFs), we evaluated whether hNPs transfected with an vector that expresses IGF-1 in the form of a fusion protein with tdTomato (TD), would increase RGC survival in vitro and confer neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of glaucoma. RGCs co-cultured with hNPIGF-TD cells displayed enhanced survival, and increased neurite extension and branching as compared to hNPTD or untransfected hNP cells. Application of various IGF-1 signaling blockers or IGF-1 receptor antagonists abrogated these effects. In vivo, using a model of glaucoma we showed that IOP elevation led to reductions in retinal RGC count. In this model, evaluation of retinal flatmounts and optic nerve cross sections indicated that only hNPIGF-TD cells effectively reduced RGC death and showed a trend to improve optic nerve axonal loss. RT-PCR analysis of retina lysates over time showed that the neurotrophic effects of IGF-1 were also attributed to down-regulation of inflammatory and to some extent, angiogenic pathways. This study shows that neuronal progenitor cells that hone into the RGC and nerve fiber layers may be used as vehicles for local production and delivery of a desired NTF. Transplantation of hNPIGF-TD cells improves RGC survival in vitro and protects against RGC loss in a rodent model of glaucoma. Our findings have provided experimental evidence and form the basis for applying cell-based strategies for local delivery of NTFs into the retina. Application of cell-based delivery may be extended to other disease conditions beyond glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States of America
| | - Chenying Guo
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States of America
| | - Caiwei Guo
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States of America
| | - Yu Sun
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Liao
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States of America
| | - Ursula Beattie
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States of America
| | - Francisco J. López
- Ophthalmology DPU, RD. Alternative Discovery & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, United States of America
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States of America
| | - Kameran Lashkari
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Haryadi R, Ho S, Kok YJ, Pu HX, Zheng L, Pereira NA, Li B, Bi X, Goh LT, Yang Y, Song Z. Optimization of heavy chain and light chain signal peptides for high level expression of therapeutic antibodies in CHO cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116878. [PMID: 25706993 PMCID: PMC4338144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of a nascent protein from the cytosol into the ER mediated by its signal peptide is a critical step in protein secretion. The aim of this work was to develop a platform technology to optimize the signal peptides for high level production of therapeutic antibodies in CHO cells. A database of signal peptides from a large number of human immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain (HC) and kappa light chain (LC) was generated. Most of the HC signal peptides contain 19 amino acids which can be divided into three domains and the LC signal peptides contain 22 amino acids. The signal peptides were then clustered according to sequence similarity. Based on the clustering, 8 HC and 2 LC signal peptides were analyzed for their impacts on the production of 5-top selling antibody therapeutics, namely, Herceptin, Avastin, Remicade, Rituxan, and Humira. The best HC and LC signal peptides for producing these 5 antibodies were identified. The optimized signal peptides for Rituxan is 2-fold better compared to its native signal peptides which are available in the public database. Substitution of a single amino acid in the optimized HC signal peptide for Avastin reduced its production significantly. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed that all optimized signal peptides are accurately removed in the mature antibodies. The results presented in this report are particularly important for the production of these 5 antibodies as biosimilar drugs. They also have the potential to be the best signal peptides for the production of new antibodies in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Haryadi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Jiun Kok
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen X. Pu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Zheng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natasha A. Pereira
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Li
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-Tang Goh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Luft C, Freeman J, Elliott D, Al-Tamimi N, Kriston-Vizi J, Heintze J, Lindenschmidt I, Seed B, Ketteler R. Application of Gaussia luciferase in bicistronic and non-conventional secretion reporter constructs. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 15:14. [PMID: 25007711 PMCID: PMC4099409 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-15-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Secreted luciferases are highly useful bioluminescent reporters for cell-based assays and drug discovery. A variety of secreted luciferases from marine organisms have been described that harbor an N-terminal signal peptide for release along the classical secretory pathway. Here, we have characterized the secretion of Gaussia luciferase in more detail. Results We describe three basic mechanisms by which GLUC can be released from cells: first, classical secretion by virtue of the N-terminal signal peptide; second, internal signal peptide-mediated secretion and third, non-conventional secretion in the absence of an N-terminal signal peptide. Non-conventional release of dNGLUC is not stress-induced, does not require autophagy and can be enhanced by growth factor stimulation. Furthermore, we have identified the golgi-associated, gamma adaptin ear containing, ARF binding protein 1 (GGA1) as a suppressor of release of dNGLUC. Conclusions Due to its secretion via multiple secretion pathways GLUC can find multiple applications as a research tool to study classical and non-conventional secretion. As GLUC can also be released from a reporter construct by internal signal peptide-mediated secretion it can be incorporated in a novel bicistronic secretion system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robin Ketteler
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory for Moleclar and Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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50
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Tesar D, Hötzel I. A dual host vector for Fab phage display and expression of native IgG in mammalian cells. Protein Eng Des Sel 2013; 26:655-62. [PMID: 24065833 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzt050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant bottleneck in antibody discovery by phage display is the transfer of immunoglobulin variable regions from phage clones to vectors that express immunoglobulin G (IgG) in mammalian cells for screening. Here, we describe a novel phagemid vector for Fab phage display that allows expression of native IgG in mammalian cells without sub-cloning. The vector uses an optimized mammalian signal sequence that drives robust expression of Fab fragments fused to an M13 phage coat protein in Escherichia coli and IgG expression in mammalian cells. To allow the expression of Fab fragments fused to a phage coat protein in E.coli and full-length IgG in mammalian cells from the same vector without sub-cloning, the sequence encoding the phage coat protein was embedded in an optimized synthetic intron within the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. This intron is removed from transcripts in mammalian cells by RNA splicing. Using this vector, we constructed a synthetic Fab phage display library with diversity in the heavy chain only and selected for clones binding different antigens. Co-transfection of mammalian cells with DNA from individual phage clones and a plasmid expressing the invariant light chain resulted in the expression of native IgG that was used to assay affinity, ligand blocking activity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Tesar
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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