1
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Wu R, Kahl DM, Kloberdanz R, Rohilla KJ, Balasubramanian S. Demonstration of a robust high cell density transient CHO platform yielding mAb titers of up to 2 g/L without medium exchange. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3435. [PMID: 38329375 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals like therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other derived proteins are popular for treating various diseases. Transient gene expression (TGE) is typically used as a fast yet efficient method to generate moderate amounts of material. It has been used to support early stage research and discovery processes. Introduction of a robust high yielding and predictive TGE platform in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) is crucial. It maintains the consistency in cell lines and processes throughout the early drug discovery and downstream manufacturing processes. This helps researchers to identify the issues at an early stage for timely resolution. In this study, we have demonstrated a simple high-titer platform for TGE in CHO based on a dilution process of seeding cells. We achieved titers ranging from 0.8 to 1.9 g/L for eight model mAbs at three scales (1, 30, 100 mL) in 10 days using our new platform. The ability to seed by dilution significantly streamlined the process and dramatically enhanced platform throughput. We observed a modest reduction in titer ranging from 11% to 28% when cells were seeded using dilution compared to when cells were seeded using medium exchange. Further studies revealed that carry over of spent medium into transfection negatively affected the DNA uptake and transcription processes, while the translation and secretion was minimally impacted. In summary, our transient CHO platform using cells prepared by dilution at high densities can achieve high titers of up to 1.9 g/L, which can be further improved by targeting the bottlenecks of transfection and transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigumula Wu
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danielle M Kahl
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ronald Kloberdanz
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kushal J Rohilla
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sowmya Balasubramanian
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Schütz A, Bernhard F, Berrow N, Buyel JF, Ferreira-da-Silva F, Haustraete J, van den Heuvel J, Hoffmann JE, de Marco A, Peleg Y, Suppmann S, Unger T, Vanhoucke M, Witt S, Remans K. A concise guide to choosing suitable gene expression systems for recombinant protein production. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102572. [PMID: 37917580 PMCID: PMC10643540 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This overview guides both novices and experienced researchers facing challenging targets to select the most appropriate gene expression system for producing a particular protein. By answering four key questions, readers can determine the most suitable gene expression system following a decision scheme. This guide addresses the most commonly used and accessible systems and provides brief descriptions of the main gene expression systems' key characteristics to assist decision making. Additionally, information has been included for selected less frequently used "exotic" gene expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schütz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Technology Platform for Protein Production & Characterization, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Centre of Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nick Berrow
- Protein Expression Core Facility, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes F Buyel
- Univeristy of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering (IBSE), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederico Ferreira-da-Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jurgen Haustraete
- VIB, Center for Inflammation Research & Ugent, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Hoffmann
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ario de Marco
- Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Structural Proteomics Unit (SPU), Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sabine Suppmann
- Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tamar Unger
- Structural Proteomics Unit (SPU), Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Martine Vanhoucke
- BCCM/GeneCorner Plasmid Collection, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Susanne Witt
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim Remans
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Roshani A, Mohammadi M, Bahadori T, Ahmadi Zare H, Judaki MA, Mobini M, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Amiri MM, Shokri F. Comparison of different transient gene expression systems for the production of a new humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (Hersintuzumab). Daru 2023; 31:221-231. [PMID: 37695454 PMCID: PMC10624790 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Producing therapeutic proteins can be done quickly and on a large scale through Transient Gene Expression (TGE). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are commonly used to achieve this. Although there are few comparative studies, TGE has been observed in suspension-adapted CHO cells. OBJECTIVES We tested TGE's effectiveness in DG-44, CHO-S, and ExpiCHO-S cell lines with four transfection reagents. METHODS A design of experiments (DoE) was followed to optimize transfection using a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) construct. To evaluate the efficacy, flow cytometry and ELISA were used. Feeding strategies and temperature shifts were implemented to enhance transfection effectiveness. The quality of the mAb was assessed through ELISA, SDS-PAGE, and proliferation inhibition assays. RESULTS We adapted all cell lines to grow in suspension using a serum-free medium. Our findings from flow cytometry and ELISA tests indicate that PEI and Pmax reagents had a higher rate of transfection and mAb production than the ExpiCHO commercial transfection reagent. While DG-44 cells had better transfection efficiency than CHO-S and ExpiCHO-S, there was no significant difference between CHO-S and ExpiCHO-S. Our TGE system was more productive at 32 °C than at 37 °C. In the optimized TGE of Pmax-based transfection in DG-44 at 37 and 32 °C, the production level of mAb was more than half of the amount of the commercial ExpiCHO-S expression system. Still, the number of transfected cells was three times higher, making it more efficient. The purified mAb from all transfected cell lines had similar structural and functional properties under different conditions. CONCLUSION Our research shows that using Pmax and DG-44 cells in the TGE system is a cost-effective and efficient way to produce humanized monoclonal antibodies. We discovered that this method outperforms the ExpiCHO-S kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roshani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Bahadori
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Ahmadi Zare
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Judaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mobini
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Fu Q, Lee YS, Green EA, Wang Y, Park SY, Polanco A, Lee KH, Betenbaugh M, McNally D, Yoon S. Design space determination to optimize DNA complexation and full capsid formation in transient rAAV manufacturing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3148-3162. [PMID: 37475681 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are a promising platform for in vivo gene therapies. However, cost-effective, well-characterized processes necessary to manufacture rAAV therapeutics are challenging to develop without an understanding of how process parameters (PPs) affect rAAV product quality attributes (PQAs). In this work, a central composite orthogonal experimental design was employed to examine the influence of four PPs for transient transfection complex formation (polyethylenimine:DNA [PEI:DNA] ratio, total DNA/cell, cocktail volume, and incubation time) on three rAAV PQAs related to capsid content (vector genome titer, vector genome:capsid particle ratio, and two-dimensional vector genome titer ratio). A regression model was established for each PQA using partial least squares, and a design space (DS) was defined in which Monte Carlo simulations predicted < 1% probability of failure (POF) to meet predetermined PQA specifications. Of the three PQAs, viral genome titer was most strongly correlated with changes in complexation PPs. The DS and acceptable PP ranges were largest when incubation time and cocktail volume were kept at mid-high setpoints, and PEI:DNA ratio and total DNA/cell were at low-mid setpoints. Verification experiments confirmed model predictive capability, and this work establishes a framework for studying other rAAV PPs and their relationship to PQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erica A Green
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Yongdan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashli Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelvin H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Michael Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David McNally
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Mattapan, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Baniahmad SF, Oliverio R, Obregon-Gomez I, Robert A, Lenferink AEG, Pazos E, Virgilio N, Banquy X, De Crescenzo G, Durocher Y. Affinity-controlled capture and release of engineered monoclonal antibodies by macroporous dextran hydrogels using coiled-coil interactions. MAbs 2023; 15:2218951. [PMID: 37300397 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2218951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term delivery is a successful strategy used to reduce the adverse effects of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based treatments. Macroporous hydrogels and affinity-based strategies have shown promising results in sustained and localized delivery of the mAbs. Among the potential tools for affinity-based delivery systems, the de novo designed Ecoil and Kcoil peptides are engineered to form a high-affinity, heterodimeric coiled-coil complex under physiological conditions. In this study, we created a set of trastuzumab molecules tagged with various Ecoil peptides and evaluated their manufacturability and characteristics. Our data show that addition of an Ecoil tag at the C-termini of the antibody chains (light chains, heavy chains, or both) does not hinder the production of chimeric trastuzumab in CHO cells or affect antibody binding to its antigen. We also evaluated the influence of the number, length, and position of the Ecoil tags on the capture and release of Ecoil-tagged trastuzumab from macroporous dextran hydrogels functionalized with Kcoil peptide (the Ecoil peptide-binding partner). Notably, our data show that antibodies are released from the macroporous hydrogels in a biphasic manner; the first phase corresponding to the rapid release of residual, unbound trastuzumab from the macropores, followed by the affinity-controlled, slow-rate release of antibodies from the Kcoil-functionalized macropore surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Farzad Baniahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Romane Oliverio
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Axe Formulation Et Analyse du Médicament, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ines Obregon-Gomez
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química E Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruna, Coruna, Spain
| | - Alma Robert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne E G Lenferink
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena Pazos
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química E Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruna, Coruna, Spain
| | - Nick Virgilio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre de Recherche Sur Les Systèmes Polymères Et Composites à Haute Performance (CREPEC), Montréal, Canada
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Axe Formulation Et Analyse du Médicament, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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6
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Zhong X, Schenk J, Sakorafas P, Chamberland J, Tam A, Thomas LM, Yan G, D' Antona AM, Lin L, Nocula-Lugowska M, Zhang Y, Sousa E, Cohen J, Gu L, Abel M, Donahue J, Lim S, Meade C, Zhou J, Riegel L, Birch A, Fennell BJ, Franklin E, Gomes JM, Tzvetkova B, Scarcelli JJ. Impacts of fast production of afucosylated antibodies and Fc mutants in ExpiCHO-S™ for enhancing FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:79-91. [PMID: 36341973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study has employed mammalian transient expression systems to generate afucosylated antibodies and antibody Fc mutants for rapid candidate screening in discovery and early development. While chemical treatment with the fucose analogue 2-fluoro-peracetyl-fucose during transient expression only partially produced antibodies with afucosylated N-glycans, the genetic inactivation of the FUT8 gene in ExpiCHO-S™ by CRISPR/Cas9 enabled the transient production of fully afucosylated antibodies. Human IgG1 and murine IgG2a generated by the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line possessed a 8-to-11-fold enhanced FcγRIIIa binding activity in comparison with those produced by ExpiCHO-S™. The Fc mutant S239D/S298A/I332E produced by ExpiCHO-S™ had an approximate 2-fold higher FcγRIIIa affinity than that of the afucosylated wildtype molecule, although it displayed significantly lower thermal-stability. When the Fc mutant was produced in the ExpiCHOfut8KO cell line, the resulting afucosylated Fc mutant antibody had an additional approximate 6-fold increase in FcγRIIIa binding affinity. This synergistic effect between afucosylation and the Fc mutations was further verified by a natural killer (NK) cell activation assay. Together, these results have not only established an efficient large-scale transient CHO system for rapid production of afucosylated antibodies, but also confirmed a cooperative impact between afucosylation and Fc mutations on FcγRIIIa binding and NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jennifer Schenk
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Paul Sakorafas
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John Chamberland
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Amy Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - L Michael Thomas
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace Yan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron M D' Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ling Gu
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Molica Abel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Donahue
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sean Lim
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Logan Riegel
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex Birch
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian J Fennell
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward Franklin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Grange Castle, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jose M Gomes
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
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7
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Horie M, Yamano-Adachi N, Kawabe Y, Kaneoka H, Fujita H, Nagamori E, Iwai R, Sato Y, Kanie K, Ohta S, Somiya M, Ino K. Recent advances in animal cell technologies for industrial and medical applications. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Kronenberg J, Schrödter K, Noll GA, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Känel P. The tobacco phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein NtFT4 simultaneously improves vitality, growth, and protein yield in human cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3770-3786. [PMID: 34110007 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of biopharmaceutical proteins in mammalian cells by transient expression or stable transformation requires robust and viable cells. Cell line engineering must therefore balance improved cell growth and viability with high productivity. We tested the ability of nonmammalian phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins to enhance cell proliferation in monolayers and suspension cultures. The tobacco protein NtFT4 improved the proliferation of multiple human cell lines. Viable cell density is usually impaired by efficient transfection, but we found that the number of HEK-293TNtFT4 cells at the peak of protein expression was twice that of standard HEK-293T cells, and the antibody yield increased by approximately one-third. Improved growth and viability were observed in different cell lines, in different culture media, and also after transient transfection, suggesting the beneficial trait is consistent and transferable. Additional modifications could boost the productivity of high-density HEK-293TNtFT4 cells even further as we showed for a fluorescent marker protein and recombinant antibody expressed in monolayer cultures. The HEK-293TNtFT4 cell line provides a new human model platform that increases cell proliferation, also achieving a fundamental improvement in recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kronenberg
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Gundula A Noll
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip Känel
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
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9
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Mangion M, Robert MA, Slivac I, Gilbert R, Gaillet B. Production and Use of Gesicles for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:278-292. [PMID: 34596870 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) in mammalian cells can induce the formation of VSVG-pseudotyped vesicles (named "gesicles") from membrane budding. Its use as a nucleic acid delivery tool is still poorly documented. Naked-plasmid DNA can be delivered in animal cells with gesicles in presence of hexadimethrine bromide (polybrene). However, little is known about gesicle manufacturing process and conditions to obtain successful nucleic acid delivery. In this study, gesicles production process using polyethylenimine (PEI)-transfected HEK293 cells was developed by defining the VSVG-plasmid concentration, the DNA:PEI mass ratio, and the time of gesicle harvest. Furthermore, parameters described in the literature relevant for nucleic acid delivery such as (i) component concentrations in assembly mixture, (ii) component addition order, (iii) incubation time, and (iv) polybrene concentration were tested by assessing the transfection capacity of the gesicles complexed with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-coding plasmid. Interestingly, freezing/thawing cycles and storage at + 4 °C, - 20 °C, and - 80 °C did not reduce gesicles' ability to transfer plasmid DNA. Transfection efficiency of 55% and 22% was obtained for HeLa cells and for hard-to-transfect cells such as human myoblasts, respectively. For the first time, gesicles were used for delivery of a large plasmid (18-kb) with 42% of efficiency and for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene silencing with siRNA (up to 60%). In conclusion, gesicles represent attractive bioreagents with great potential to deliver nucleic acids in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Mangion
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, Pouliot Building, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada.,PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Vachon Building, local 3403, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Robert
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, Pouliot Building, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada.,PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Vachon Building, local 3403, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Igor Slivac
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, Pouliot Building, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada.,PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Vachon Building, local 3403, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rénald Gilbert
- ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.,Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Bruno Gaillet
- Chemical Engineering Department, Laval University, Pouliot Building, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V0A6, Canada. .,PROTEO: The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Vachon Building, local 3403, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,ThéCell: FRQS Cell and Tissue Therapy Network, LOEX, Aile R, local R-125, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, 1401 18e rue, Québec, QC, G1J 1Z4, Canada.
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10
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Chytła A, Gajdzik-Nowak W, Biernatowska A, Sikorski AF, Czogalla A. High-Level Expression of Palmitoylated MPP1 Recombinant Protein in Mammalian Cells. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090715. [PMID: 34564532 PMCID: PMC8470630 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have pointed to an important role of the MAGUK family member, MPP1, as a crucial molecule interacting with flotillins and involved in the lateral organization of the erythroid plasma membrane. The palmitoylation of MPP1 seems to be an important element in this process; however, studies on the direct effect of palmitoylation on protein–protein or protein–membrane interactions in vitro are still challenging due to the difficulties in obtaining functional post-translationally modified recombinant proteins and the lack of comprehensive protocols for the purification of palmitoylated proteins. In this work, we present an optimized approach for the high-yield overexpression and purification of palmitoylated recombinant MPP1 protein in mammalian HEK-293F cells. The presented approach facilitates further studies on the molecular mechanism of lateral membrane organization and the functional impact of the palmitoylation of MPP1, which could also be carried out for other palmitoylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chytła
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
| | - Weronika Gajdzik-Nowak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
| | - Agnieszka Biernatowska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +48-7-1375-417 (A.B.); +48-7-1375-6356 (A.C.)
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-154 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +48-7-1375-417 (A.B.); +48-7-1375-6356 (A.C.)
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11
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Gopal S, Osborne AE, Hock L, Zemianek J, Fang K, Gee G, Ghosh R, McNally D, Cramer SM, Dordick JS. Advancing a rapid, high throughput screening platform for optimization of lentivirus production. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000621. [PMID: 34260824 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentiviral vectors (LVVs) hold great promise as delivery tools for gene therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy. Their ability to target difficult to transfect cells and deliver genetic payloads that integrate into the host genome makes them ideal delivery candidates. However, several challenges remain to be addressed before LVVs are more widely used as therapeutics including low viral vector concentrations and the absence of suitable scale-up methods for large-scale production. To address these challenges, we have developed a high throughput microscale HEK293 suspension culture platform that enables rapid screening of conditions for improving LVV productivity. KEY RESULTS High density culture (40 million cells mL-1 ) of HEK293 suspension cells in commercially available media was achieved in microscale 96-deep well plate platform at liquid volumes of 200 μL. Comparable transfection and LVV production efficiencies were observed at the microscale, in conventional shake flasks and a 1-L bioreactor, indicating that significant scale-down does not affect LVV concentrations and predictivity of scale-up. Optimization of production step allowed for final yields of LVVs to reach 1.5 × 107 TU mL-1 . CONCLUSIONS The ability to test a large number of conditions simultaneously with minimal reagent use allows for the rapid optimization of LVV production in HEK293 suspension cells. Therefore, such a system may serve as a valuable tool in early stage process development and can be used as a screening tool to improve LVV concentrations for both batch and perfusion based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Gopal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Adam E Osborne
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Mattapan, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsay Hock
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Mattapan, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jill Zemianek
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Mattapan, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kun Fang
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Mattapan, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gretchen Gee
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Mattapan, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronit Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - David McNally
- MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Mattapan, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven M Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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12
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Henry KA, Nguyen TD, Baral TN, Hussack G, Raphael S, Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, Robert A, Durocher Y, Wu C, Jaramillo ML, MacKenzie CR. Biparatopic single-domain antibodies against Axl achieve ultra-high affinity through intramolecular engagement. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:154-161. [PMID: 34058562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of Axl, a TAM-family receptor tyrosine kinase, plays key roles in the formation, growth, and spread of tumors as well as resistance to targeted therapies and chemotherapies. We identified novel llama VHHs against human Axl using multiple complementary phage display selection strategies and characterized a subset of high-affinity VHHs. The VHHs targeted multiple sites in Ig-like domains 1 and 2 of the Axl extracellular domain, including an immunodominant epitope overlapping the site of Gas6 interaction and two additional non-Gas6 competitive epitopes recognized by murine monoclonal antibodies. Only a subset of VHHs cross-reacted with cynomolgus monkey Axl and none recognized mouse Axl. As fusions to human IgG1 Fc, VHH-Fcs bound Axl+ tumor cell lines and mertansine-loaded VHH-Fcs were cytotoxic in vitro against Axl+ cells in proportion to their binding affinities. Engineered biparatopic VHH-VHH heterodimers bound Axl avidly, and a subset of molecules showed dramatically enhanced association rates indicative of intramolecular binding. These VHHs may have applications as modular elements of biologic drugs such as antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Thanh-Dung Nguyen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Toya Nath Baral
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Shalini Raphael
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alma Robert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Cunle Wu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Maria L Jaramillo
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - C Roger MacKenzie
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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13
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O’Flaherty R, Bergin A, Flampouri E, Mota LM, Obaidi I, Quigley A, Xie Y, Butler M. Mammalian cell culture for production of recombinant proteins: A review of the critical steps in their biomanufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Localized delivery of CRISPR/dCas9 via layer-by-layer self-assembling peptide coating on nanofibers for neural tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 256:120225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Heterologous expression of high-activity cytochrome P450 in mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14193. [PMID: 32843676 PMCID: PMC7447777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic activity is essential to estimate drug pharmacokinetics. Numerous CYP allelic variants have been identified; the functional characterisation of these variants is required for their application in precision medicine. Results from heterologous expression systems using mammalian cells can be integrated in in vivo studies; however, other systems such as E. coli, bacteria, yeast, and baculoviruses are generally used owing to the difficulty in expressing high CYP levels in mammalian cells. Here, by optimising transfection and supplementing conditions, we developed a heterologous expression system using 293FT cells to evaluate the enzymatic activities of three CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4). Moreover, we established co-expression with cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase and cytochrome b5. This expression system would be a potential complementary or beneficial alternative approach for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of clinically used and developing drugs in vitro.
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16
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Sanches M, D'Angelo I, Jaramillo M, Baardsnes J, Zwaagstra J, Schrag J, Schoenhofen I, Acchione M, Lawn S, Wickman G, Weisser N, Poon DKY, Ng G, Dixit S. AlbuCORE: an albumin-based molecular scaffold for multivalent biologics design. MAbs 2020; 12:1802188. [PMID: 32816577 PMCID: PMC7531512 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1802188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As biologics have become a mainstay in the development of novel therapies, protein engineering tools to expand on their structural advantages, namely specificity, affinity, and valency are of interest. Antibodies have dominated this field as the preferred scaffold for biologics development while there has been limited exploration into the use of albumin with its unique physiological characteristics as a platform for biologics design. There has been a great deal of interest to create bispecific and more complex multivalent molecules to build on the advantages offered by protein-based therapeutics relative to small molecules. Here, we explore the use of human serum albumin (HSA) as a scaffold for the design of multispecific biologics. In particular, we describe a structure-guided approach to the design of split HSA molecules we refer to as AlbuCORE, that effectively and spontaneously forms a native albumin-like molecule, but in a heterodimeric state upon co-expression. We show that the split AlbuCORE designs allow the creation of novel fusion entities with unique alternate geometries. We also show that, apart from these AlbuCORE fusion entities, there is an opportunity to explore their albumin-like small hydrophobic molecule carrying capacity as a drug conjugate in these designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor D'Angelo
- One Amgen Center Dr, Amgen Inc ., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jaramillo
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason Baardsnes
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Zwaagstra
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joe Schrag
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian Schoenhofen
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mauro Acchione
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sam Lawn
- R&D, Zymeworks Inc , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gordon Ng
- Search and Evaluation, Abbvie Inc , North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Stücheli P, Sieber S, Fuchs DW, Scheller L, Strittmatter T, Saxena P, Gademann K, Fussenegger M. Genetically encoded betaxanthin-based small-molecular fluorescent reporter for mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e67. [PMID: 32421771 PMCID: PMC7337513 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed and engineered a dye production cassette encoding a heterologous pathway, including human tyrosine hydroxylase and Amanita muscaria 4,5-DOPA dioxygenase, for the biosynthesis of the betaxanthin family of plant and fungal pigments in mammalian cells. The system does not impair cell viability, and can be used as a non-protein reporter system to directly visualize the dynamics of gene expression by profiling absorbance or fluorescence in the supernatant of cell cultures, as well as for fluorescence labeling of individual cells. Pigment profiling can also be multiplexed with reporter proteins such as mCherry or the human model glycoprotein SEAP (secreted alkaline phosphatase). Furthermore, absorbance measurement with a smartphone camera using standard application software enables inexpensive, low-tech reporter quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Stücheli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David W Fuchs
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leo Scheller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Strittmatter
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pratik Saxena
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Ayyadevara VSSA, Roh KH. Calcium enhances polyplex-mediated transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA in Jurkat cells. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:805-815. [PMID: 32489110 PMCID: PMC8216448 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1770371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Jurkat, an immortalized cell line derived from human leukemic T lymphocytes, has been employed as an excellent surrogate model of human primary T-cells for the advancement of T-cell biology and their applications in medicine. However, presumably due to its T-cell origin, Jurkat cells are very difficult to transfect. Thus, for the genetic modification of Jurkat cells, expensive and time-consuming viral vectors are normally required. Despite many previous efforts, non-viral vectors have not yet overcome the hurdles of low transfection efficiency and/or high toxicity in transfection of Jurkat cells. Here, we report that a simple addition of calcium ions (Ca2+) into culture media at optimal concentrations can enhance the efficiency of the polyplex-mediated transfection using poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) by up to 12-fold when compared to the polyplex-only control. We show that calcium enhances the association between polyplex and Jurkat, which is at least partially responsible for the increase in transmembrane delivery of polyplex and consequential enhancement in expression of transgene. Other cations, Mg2+ or Na+ did not show similar enhancement. Interestingly, addition of Ca2+ was rather detrimental for the transfection of lipoplex on Jurkat cells. Observation of significant enhancement in the transfection of non-viral vectors with a simple and physiologically relevant reagent like Ca2+ in the engineering of hard-to-transfect cells such as Jurkat warrants further investigation on similar strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyung-Ho Roh
- Biotechnology Science and Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
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19
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Blakney AK, Zhu Y, McKay PF, Bouton C, Yeow J, Tang J, Hu K, Samnuan K, Grigsby CL, Shattock RJ, Stevens MM. Big Is Beautiful: Enhanced saRNA Delivery and Immunogenicity by a Higher Molecular Weight, Bioreducible, Cationic Polymer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5711-5727. [PMID: 32267667 PMCID: PMC7304921 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines are highly advantageous, as they result in enhanced protein expression compared to mRNA (mRNA), thus minimizing the required dose. However, previous delivery strategies were optimized for siRNA or mRNA and do not necessarily deliver saRNA efficiently due to structural differences of these RNAs, thus motivating the development of saRNA delivery platforms. Here, we engineer a bioreducible, linear, cationic polymer called "pABOL" for saRNA delivery and show that increasing its molecular weight enhances delivery both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that pABOL enhances protein expression and cellular uptake via both intramuscular and intradermal injection compared to commercially available polymers in vivo and that intramuscular injection confers complete protection against influenza challenge. Due to the scalability of polymer synthesis and ease of formulation preparation, we anticipate that this polymer is highly clinically translatable as a delivery vehicle for saRNA for both vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Blakney
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, U.K.
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Paul F. McKay
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, U.K.
| | - Clément
R. Bouton
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, U.K.
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jiaqing Tang
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Kai Hu
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, U.K.
| | - Karnyart Samnuan
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, U.K.
| | - Christopher L. Grigsby
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, U.K.
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
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20
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Ogawa M, Tashima Y, Sakaguchi Y, Takeuchi H, Okajima T. Contribution of extracellular O-GlcNAc to the stability of folded epidermal growth factor-like domains and Notch1 trafficking. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:184-190. [PMID: 32201074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is highly conserved and essential in animal development and tissue homeostasis. Regulation of Notch signaling is a crucial process for human health. Ligands initiate a signal cascade by binding to Notch receptors expressed on the neighboring cell. Notch receptors interact with ligands through their epidermal growth factor-like repeats (EGF repeats). Most EGF repeats are modified by O-glycosylation with residues, such as O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), O-fucose, and O-glucose. A recent study revealed the distinct roles of these O-glycans in ligand binding, processing, and trafficking of Notch receptors. In particular, O-GlcNAc glycans are essential for Delta-like (DLL) ligand-mediated Notch signaling. In this study, we showed that O-GlcNAc promotes Notch1 trafficking to the cell surfaces under the condition that O-fucose and O-glucose are removed from consecutive EGF repeats of Notch1. Through in vitro experiments, we showed that O-GlcNAc mediates the stability of EGF domains in the same manner as O-fucose and O-glucose. Thus, O-GlcNAc on EGF domains possesses a shared function in the stability of EGF domains and Notch1 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuko Tashima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yamato Sakaguchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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21
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Mori Y, Yoshida Y, Satoh A, Moriya H. Development of an experimental method of systematically estimating protein expression limits in HEK293 cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4798. [PMID: 32179769 PMCID: PMC7075890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein overexpression sometimes causes cellular defects, although the underlying mechanism is still unknown. A protein's expression limit, which triggers cellular defects, is a useful indication of the underlying mechanism. In this study, we developed an experimental method of estimating the expression limits of target proteins in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 by measuring the proteins' expression levels in cells that survived after the high-copy introduction of plasmid DNA by which the proteins were expressed under a strong cytomegalovirus promoter. The expression limits of nonfluorescent target proteins were indirectly estimated by measuring the levels of green fluorescent protein (GFP) connected to the target proteins with the self-cleaving sequence P2A. The expression limit of a model GFP was ~5.0% of the total protein, and sustained GFP overexpression caused cell death. The expression limits of GFPs with mitochondria-targeting signals and endoplasmic reticulum localization signals were 1.6% and 0.38%, respectively. The expression limits of four proteins involved in vesicular trafficking were far lower compared to a red fluorescent protein. The protein expression limit estimation method developed will be valuable for defining toxic proteins and consequences of protein overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mori
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Satoh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hisao Moriya
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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22
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Arena TA, Chou B, Harms PD, Wong AW. An anti-apoptotic HEK293 cell line provides a robust and high titer platform for transient protein expression in bioreactors. MAbs 2019; 11:977-986. [PMID: 30907238 PMCID: PMC6601552 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1598230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HEK293 transient expression systems are used to quickly generate proteins for research and pre-clinical studies. With the aim of engineering a high-producing host that grows and transfects robustly in bioreactors, we deleted the pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Bak in an HEK293 cell line. The HEK293 Bax Bak double knock-out (HEK293 DKO) cell line exhibited resistance to apoptosis and shear stress. HEK293 DKO cells sourced from 2 L seed train bioreactors were most productive when a pH setpoint of 7.0, a narrow pH deadband of ±0.03, and a DO setpoint of 30% were used. HEK293 DKO seed train cells cultivated for up to 60 days in a 35 L bioreactor showed similar productivities to cells cultivated in shake flasks. To optimize HEK293 DKO transfection cultures, we first evaluated different pH and agitation parameters in ambr15 microbioreactors before scaling up to 10 L wavebag bioreactors. In ambr15 microbioreactors with a pH setpoint of 7.0, a wide pH deadband of ±0.3, and an agitation of 630 rpm, HEK293 DKO transient cultures yielded antibody titers up to 650 mg/L in 7 days. The optimal ambr15 conditions prompted us to operate the 10 L wavebag transfection without direct pH control to mimic the wide pH deadband ranges. The HEK293 DKO transfection process produces high titers at all scales tested. Combined, our optimized HEK293 DKO 35 L bioreactor seed train and 10 L high titer transient processes support efficient, large-scale recombinant protein production for research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia A Arena
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bernice Chou
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter D. Harms
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Athena W. Wong
- Department of Cell Culture, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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Bleckmann M, Schürig M, Endres M, Samuels A, Gebauer D, Konisch N, van den Heuvel J. Identifying parameters to improve the reproducibility of transient gene expression in High Five cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217878. [PMID: 31170233 PMCID: PMC6553862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-free, transient gene expression (TGE) in High Five cells was recently presented as an efficient protein production method. However, published TGE protocols have not been standardized to a general protocol. Therefore, reproducibility and implementation of the method in other labs remains difficult. The aim of this study is to analyse the parameters determining the reproducibility of the TGE in insect cells. Here, we identified that using linear 40 kDa PEI instead of 25 kDa PEI was one of the most important aspects to improve TGE. Furthermore, DNA amount, DNA:PEI ratio, growth phase of the cells before transfection, passage number, the origin of the High-Five cell isolates and the type of cultivation medium were considered. Interestingly, a correlation of the passage number to the DNA content of single cells (ploidy) and to the transfection efficacy could be shown. The optimal conditions for critical parameters were used to establish a robust TGE method. Finally, we compared the achieved product yields in High Five cells using our improved TGE method with both the baculoviral expression system and TGE in the mammalian HEK293-6E cell line. In conclusion, the presented robust TGE protocol in High Five cells is easy to establish and produces ample amounts of high-quality recombinant protein, bridging the gap in expression level of this method to the well-established mammalian TGE in HEK293 cells as well as to the baculoviral expression vector system (BEVS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Bleckmann
- Department Recombinant Protein Expression Facility, Rudolf Virchow Centre, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Margitta Schürig
- Department Recombinant Protein Expression, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Michelle Endres
- Department Recombinant Protein Expression Facility, Rudolf Virchow Centre, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Anke Samuels
- Department Recombinant Protein Expression, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Daniela Gebauer
- Department Recombinant Protein Expression, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Nadine Konisch
- Department Recombinant Protein Expression, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Department Recombinant Protein Expression, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
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24
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Zee RS, Mbanefo EC, Le LH, Pennington LF, Odegaard JI, Jardetzky TS, Alouffi A, Akinwale J, Falcone FH, Hsieh MH. IPSE, a parasite-derived host immunomodulatory protein, is a potential therapeutic for hemorrhagic cystitis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1133-F1140. [PMID: 30785353 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00468.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis is characterized by bladder pain and voiding dysfunction caused by hemorrhage and inflammation. Novel therapeutic options to treat hemorrhagic cystitis are needed. We previously reported that systemic administration of the Schistosomiasis hematobium-derived protein H-IPSEH06 (IL-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs) is superior to three doses of MESNA in alleviating hemorrhagic cystitis (Mbanefo EC, Le L, Pennington LF, Odegaard JI, Jardetzky TS, Alouffi A, Falcone FH, Hsieh MH. FASEB J 32: 4408-4419, 2018). Based on prior reports by others on S. mansoni IPSE (M-IPSE) and additional work by our group, we reasoned that H-IPSE mediates its effects on hemorrhagic cystitis by binding IgE on basophils and inducing IL-4 expression, promoting urothelial proliferation, and translocating to the nucleus to modulate expression of genes implicated in relieving bladder dysfunction. We speculated that local bladder injection of the S. hematobium IPSE ortholog IPSEH03, hereafter called H-IPSEH03, might be more efficacious in preventing hemorrhagic cystitis compared with systemic administration of IPSEH06. We report that H-IPSEH03, like M-IPSE and H-IPSEH06, activates IgE-bearing basophils in a nuclear factor of activated T-cells reporter assay, indicating activation of the cytokine pathway. Furthermore, H-IPSEH03 attenuates ifosfamide-induced increases in bladder wet weight in an IL-4-dependent fashion. H-IPSEH03 relieves hemorrhagic cystitis-associated allodynia and modulates voiding patterns in mice. Finally, H-IPSEH03 drives increased urothelial cell proliferation, suggesting that IPSE induces bladder repair mechanisms. Taken together, H-IPSEH03 may be a potential novel therapeutic to treat hemorrhagic cystitis by basophil activation, attenuation of allodynia, and promotion of urothelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Zee
- Division of Urology, Children's National Medical Center , Washington, District of Columbia.,Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Evaristus C Mbanefo
- Division of Urology, Children's National Medical Center , Washington, District of Columbia.,Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Loc H Le
- Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute , Rockville, Maryland
| | - Luke F Pennington
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | | | - Theodore S Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- Life Science and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Jude Akinwale
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Children's National Medical Center , Washington, District of Columbia.,Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute , Rockville, Maryland.,The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
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25
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Mignaqui AC, Ruiz V, Durocher Y, Wigdorovitz A. Advances in novel vaccines for foot and mouth disease: focus on recombinant empty capsids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:306-320. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1554619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Mignaqui
- National Agricultural Technology Institute, Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- National Agricultural Technology Institute, Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- National Agricultural Technology Institute, Institute of Virology and Technological Innovations IVIT, CONICET-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Bouvette J, Korkut DN, Fouillen A, Amellah S, Nanci A, Durocher Y, Omichinski JG, Legault P. High-yield production of human Dicer by transfection of human HEK293-EBNA1 cells grown in suspension. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:76. [PMID: 30522464 PMCID: PMC6282390 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dicer is a 219-kDa protein that plays key roles in gene regulation, particularly as the ribonuclease III enzyme responsible for cleaving precursor miRNA substrates. Its enzymatic activity is highly regulated by protein factors, and this regulation can impact on the levels of miRNAs and modulate the behavior of a cell. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of regulation, detailed enzymatic and structural characterization of Dicer are needed. However, these types of studies generally require several milligrams of recombinant protein, and efficient preparation of such quantities of pure human Dicer remains a challenge. To prepare large quantities of human Dicer, we have optimized transfection in HEK293-6E cells grown in suspension and streamlined a purification procedure. Results Transfection conditions were first optimized to achieve expression levels between 10 and 18 mg of recombinant Dicer per liter of culture. A three-step purification protocol was then developed that yields 4–9 mg of purified Dicer per liter of culture in a single day. From SEC-MALS/RI analysis and negative stain TEM, we confirmed that the purified protein is monomerically pure ( ≥ 98%) and folds with the characteristic L-shape geometry. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a dissociation constant (Kd) of 5 nM was measured for Dicer binding to pre-let-7a-1, in agreement with previous reports. However, when probing the cleavage activity of Dicer for pre-let-7a-1, we measured kcat (7.2 ± 0.5 min− 1) and KM (1.2 ± 0.3 μM) values that are much higher than previously reported due to experimental conditions that better respect the steady-state assumption. Conclusions The expression and purification protocols described here provide high yields of monomerically pure and active human Dicer. Cleavage studies of a pre-let-7 substrate with this purified Dicer reveal higher kcat and KM values than previously reported and support the current view that conformational changes are associated with substrate binding. Large quantities of highly pure Dicer will be valuable for future biochemical, biophysical and structural investigations of this key protein of the miRNA pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0485-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bouvette
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
| | - Dursun Nizam Korkut
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélien Fouillen
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada.,Département de Stomatologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Soumiya Amellah
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada.,Département de Stomatologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada.,Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - James G Omichinski
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Legault
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, H3C 3J7, QC, Canada.
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27
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Zhong X, Ma W, Meade CL, Tam AS, Llewellyn E, Cornell R, Cote K, Scarcelli JJ, Marshall JK, Tzvetkova B, Figueroa B, DiNino D, Sievers A, Lee C, Guo J, Mahan E, Francis C, Lam K, D'Antona AM, Zollner R, Zhu HL, Kriz R, Somers W, Lin L. Transient CHO expression platform for robust antibody production and its enhanced N-glycan sialylation on therapeutic glycoproteins. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2724. [PMID: 30299005 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale transient expression in mammalian cells is a rapid protein production technology often used to shorten overall timelines for biotherapeutics drug discovery. In this study we demonstrate transient expression in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) host (ExpiCHO-S™) cell line capable of achieving high recombinant antibody expression titers, comparable to levels obtained using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. For some antibodies, ExpiCHO-S™ cells generated protein materials with better titers and improved protein quality characteristics (i.e., less aggregation) than those from HEK293. Green fluorescent protein imaging data indicated that ExpiCHO-S™ displayed a delayed but prolonged transient protein expression process compared to HEK293. When therapeutic glycoproteins containing non-Fc N-linked glycans were expressed in transient ExpiCHO-S™, the glycan pattern was unexpectedly found to have few sialylated N-glycans, in contrast to glycans produced within a stable CHO expression system. To improve N-glycan sialylation in transient ExpiCHO-S™, we co-transfected galactosyltransferase and sialyltransferase genes along with the target genes, as well as supplemented the culture medium with glycan precursors. The authors have demonstrated that co-transfection of glycosyltransferases combined with medium addition of galactose and uridine led to increased sialylation content of N-glycans during transient ExpiCHO-S™ expression. These results have provided a scientific basis for developing a future transient CHO system with N-glycan compositions that are similar to those profiles obtained from stable CHO protein production systems. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2724, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Weijun Ma
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Caryl L Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Amy S Tam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Eliza Llewellyn
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Richard Cornell
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Kaffa Cote
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Jeffrey K Marshall
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Bruno Figueroa
- Bioprocessing Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Dana DiNino
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, 01810
| | - Annette Sievers
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Christopher Lee
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Jane Guo
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Evan Mahan
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Christopher Francis
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Khetemenee Lam
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Aaron M D'Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Richard Zollner
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Hongli L Zhu
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Ron Kriz
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Will Somers
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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28
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Mauro VP. Codon Optimization in the Production of Recombinant Biotherapeutics: Potential Risks and Considerations. BioDrugs 2018; 32:69-81. [PMID: 29392566 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-018-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics are increasingly becoming the mainstay in the treatment of a variety of human conditions, particularly in oncology and hematology. The production of therapeutic antibodies, cytokines, and fusion proteins have markedly accelerated these fields over the past decade and are probably the major contributor to improved patient outcomes. Today, most protein therapeutics are expressed as recombinant proteins in mammalian cell lines. An expression technology commonly used to increase protein levels involves codon optimization. This approach is possible because degeneracy of the genetic code enables most amino acids to be encoded by more than one synonymous codon and because codon usage can have a pronounced influence on levels of protein expression. Indeed, codon optimization has been reported to increase protein expression by > 1000-fold. The primary tactic of codon optimization is to increase the rate of translation elongation by overcoming limitations associated with species-specific differences in codon usage and transfer RNA (tRNA) abundance. However, in mammalian cells, assumptions underlying codon optimization appear to be poorly supported or unfounded. Moreover, because not all synonymous codon mutations are neutral, codon optimization can lead to alterations in protein conformation and function. This review discusses codon optimization for therapeutic protein production in mammalian cells.
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29
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Stuible M, Burlacu A, Perret S, Brochu D, Paul-Roc B, Baardsnes J, Loignon M, Grazzini E, Durocher Y. Optimization of a high-cell-density polyethylenimine transfection method for rapid protein production in CHO-EBNA1 cells. J Biotechnol 2018; 281:39-47. [PMID: 29886030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.06.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For pre-clinical evaluation of biotherapeutic candidates, protein production by transient gene expression (TGE) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells offers important advantages, including the capability of rapidly and cost-effectively generating recombinant proteins that are highly similar to those produced in stable CHO clones. We have established a novel CHO clone (CHO-3E7) expressing a form of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) with improved TGE productivity relative to parental CHO cells. Taking advantage of a new transfection-compatible media formulation that permits prolonged, high-density culture, we optimized transfection parameters (cell density, plasmid vector and polyethylenimine concentrations) and post-transfection culture conditions to establish a new, high-performing process for rapid protein production. The growth media is chemically defined, and a single hydrolysate feed is added post-transfection, followed by periodic glucose supplementation. This method gave significantly higher yields than our standard low-cell density, F17-based CHO-3E7 TGE method, averaging several hundred mg/l for a panel of recombinant proteins and antibodies. Purified antibodies produced using the two methods had distinct glycosylation profiles but showed identical target binding kinetics by SPR. Key advantages of this new protein production platform include the cost-effectiveness of the transfection reagent, the commercial availability of the culture media and the ability to perform high-cell-density transfection without media change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Alina Burlacu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perret
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Denis Brochu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Béatrice Paul-Roc
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Jason Baardsnes
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Martin Loignon
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Eric Grazzini
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount, Montreal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada.
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30
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Blakney AK, Yilmaz G, McKay PF, Becer CR, Shattock RJ. One Size Does Not Fit All: The Effect of Chain Length and Charge Density of Poly(ethylene imine) Based Copolymers on Delivery of pDNA, mRNA, and RepRNA Polyplexes. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2870-2879. [PMID: 29698602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery systems are commonly translated between different modalities, such as DNA and RNA of varying length and structure, despite physical differences in these molecules that yield disparate delivery efficiency with the same system. Here, we synthesized a library of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/poly(ethylene imine) copolymers with varying molar mass and charge densities in order to probe how pDNA, mRNA, and RepRNA polyplex characteristics affect transfection efficiency. The library was utilized in a full factorial design of experiment (DoE) screening, with outputs of luciferase expression, particle size, surface charge, and particle concentration. The optimal copolymer molar mass and charge density was found as 83 kDa/100%, 72 kDa/100%, and 45 kDa/80% for pDNA, RepRNA, and mRNA, respectively. While 10 of the synthesized copolymers enhanced the transfection efficiency of pDNA and mRNA, only 2 copolymers enhanced RepRNA transfection efficiency, indicating a narrow and more stringent design space for RepRNA. These findings suggest that there is not a "one size fits all" polymer for different nucleic acid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Blakney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Virology , Imperial College London , Norfolk Place, London W21PG , U.K
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS , U.K
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Virology , Imperial College London , Norfolk Place, London W21PG , U.K
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, School of Engineering and Materials Science , Queen Mary University of London , London E1 4NS , U.K
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Section of Virology , Imperial College London , Norfolk Place, London W21PG , U.K
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31
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Mbanefo EC, Le L, Pennington LF, Odegaard JI, Jardetzky TS, Alouffi A, Falcone FH, Hsieh MH. Therapeutic exploitation of IPSE, a urogenital parasite-derived host modulatory protein, for chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. FASEB J 2018; 32:4408-4419. [PMID: 29613835 PMCID: PMC6044057 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701415r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (CHC) can be difficult to manage. Prior work suggests that IL-4 alleviates ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (IHC), but systemically administered IL-4 causes significant side effects. We hypothesized that the Schistosoma hematobium homolog of IL-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (H-IPSE), would reduce IHC and associated bladder pathology. IPSE binds IgE on basophils and mast cells, triggering IL-4 secretion by these cells. IPSE is also an “infiltrin,” translocating into the host nucleus to modulate gene transcription. Mice were administered IL-4, H-IPSE protein or its nuclear localization sequence (NLS) mutant, with or without neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody, or 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA; a drug used to prevent IHC), followed by ifosfamide. Bladder tissue damage and hemoglobin content were measured. Spontaneous and evoked pain, urinary frequency, and bladdergene expression analysis were assessed. Pain behaviors were interpreted in a blinded fashion. One dose of H-IPSE was superior to MESNA and IL-4 in suppressing bladder hemorrhage in an IL-4-dependent fashion and comparable with MESNA in dampening ifosfamide-triggered pain behaviors in an NLS-dependent manner. H-IPSE also accelerated urothelial repair following IHC. Our work represents the first therapeutic exploitation of a uropathogen-derived host modulatory molecule in a clinically relevant bladder disease model and indicates that IPSE may be an alternative to MESNA for mitigating CHC.—Mbanefo, E. C., Le, L., Pennington, L. F., Odegaard, J. I., Jardetzky, T. S., Alouffi, A., Falcone, F. H., Hsieh, M. H. Therapeutic exploitation of IPSE, a urogenital parasite-derived host modulatory protein, for chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaristus C Mbanefo
- Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.,Division of Urology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Loc Le
- Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Luke F Pennington
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Theodore S Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- Life Science and Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Hsieh
- Bladder Immunology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.,Division of Urology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Urology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Gutiérrez-Granados S, Cervera L, Kamen AA, Gòdia F. Advancements in mammalian cell transient gene expression (TGE) technology for accelerated production of biologics. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:918-940. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1419459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gutiérrez-Granados
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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L'Abbé D, Bisson L, Gervais C, Grazzini E, Durocher Y. Transient Gene Expression in Suspension HEK293-EBNA1 Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1850:1-16. [PMID: 30242676 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8730-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient gene expression in human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cells is an established approach for the rapid production of large amounts of recombinant proteins (r-proteins). Milligram to gram quantities of r-proteins can be typically obtained within less than 10 days following transfection. In this chapter, we describe a simple and robust transfection process of suspension-growing human embryo kidney 293 cells using two commercially available serum-free media and polyethylenimine as the transfection reagent. This chapter provides examples for the production and purification of a his-tagged recombinant protein and two monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis L'Abbé
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, H4P 2R2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Bisson
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, H4P 2R2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Gervais
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, H4P 2R2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Grazzini
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, H4P 2R2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, H4P 2R2, Quebec, Canada.
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H-IPSE Is a Pathogen-Secreted Host Nucleus-Infiltrating Protein (Infiltrin) Expressed Exclusively by the Schistosoma haematobium Egg Stage. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00301-17. [PMID: 28923894 PMCID: PMC5695104 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00301-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urogenital schistosomiasis, caused by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma haematobium, affects over 112 million people worldwide. As with Schistosoma mansoni infections, the pathology of urogenital schistosomiasis is related mainly to the egg stage, which induces granulomatous inflammation of affected tissues. Schistosoma eggs and their secretions have been studied extensively for the related organism S. mansoni, which is more amenable to laboratory studies. Indeed, we have shown that IPSE/alpha-1 (here M-IPSE), a major protein secreted from S. mansoni eggs, can infiltrate host cells. Although the function of M-IPSE is unknown, its ability to translocate to the nuclei of host cells and bind DNA suggests a possible role in immune modulation of host cell tissues. Whether IPSE homologs are expressed in other schistosome species has not been investigated. Here, we describe the cloning of two paralog genes, H03-IPSE and H06-IPSE, which are orthologs of M-IPSE, from egg cDNA of S. haematobium Using PCR and immunodetection, we confirmed that the expression of these genes is restricted to the egg stage and female adult worms, while the H-IPSE protein is detectable only in mature eggs and not adults. We show that both H03-IPSE and H06-IPSE proteins can infiltrate HTB-9 bladder cells when added exogenously to culture medium. Monopartite C-terminal nuclear localization sequence (NLS) motifs conserved in H03-IPSE, SKRRRKY, and H06-IPSE SKRGRKY, are responsible for targeting the proteins to the nucleus of HTB-9 cells, as demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis and green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagging. Thus, S. haematobium eggs express IPSE homologs that appear to perform similar functions in infiltrating host cells.
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Brown AJ, Kalsi D, Fernandez-Martell A, Cartwright J, Barber NOW, Patel YD, Turner R, Bryant CL, Johari YB, James DC. Expression Systems for Recombinant Biopharmaceutical Production by Mammalian Cells in Culture. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527699124.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Brown
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Devika Kalsi
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | | | - Joe Cartwright
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Nicholas O. W. Barber
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Yash D. Patel
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | | | - Claire L. Bryant
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Yusuf B. Johari
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - David C. James
- University of Sheffield; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Mappin St. Sheffield S1 3JD UK
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Gulce Iz S, Inevi MA, Metiner PS, Tamis DA, Kisbet N. A BioDesign Approach to Obtain High Yields of Biosimilars by Anti-apoptotic Cell Engineering: a Case Study to Increase the Production Yield of Anti-TNF Alpha Producing Recombinant CHO Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:303-322. [PMID: 28685239 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in medical biotechnology have facilitated to enhance the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and recombinant proteins in mammalian cells. Human mAbs for clinical applications have focused on three areas, particularly cancer, immunological disorders, and infectious diseases. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which has both proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions, is an important target in biopharmaceutical industry. In this study, a humanized anti-TNF-α mAb producing stable CHO cell line which produces a biosimilar of Humira (adalimumab) was used. Adalimumab is a fully human anti-TNF mAb among the top-selling mAb products in recent years as a biosimilar. Products from mammalian cell bioprocesses are a derivative of cell viability and metabolism, which is mainly disrupted by cell death in bioreactors. Thus, different strategies are used to increase the product yield. Suppression of apoptosis, also called anti-apoptotic cell engineering, is the most remarkable strategy to enhance lifetime of cells for a longer production period. In fact, using anti-apoptotic cell engineering as a BioDesign approach was inspired by nature; nature gives prolonged life span to some cells like stem cells, tumor cells, and memory B and T cells, and researchers have been using this strategy for different purposes. In this study, as a biomimicry approach, anti-apoptotic cell engineering was used to increase the anti-TNF-α mAb production from the humanized anti-TNF-α mAb producing stable CHO cell line by Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein. It was shown that transient transfection of CHO cells by the Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein expressing plasmid prolonged the cell survival rate and protected cells from apoptosis. The transient expression of Bcl-xL using CHO cells enhanced the anti-TNF-α production. The production of anti-TNF-α in CHO cells was increased up to 215 mg/L with an increase of 160% after cells were transfected with Bcl-xL expressing plasmid with polyethylenimine (PEI) reagent at the ratio of 1:6 (DNA:PEI). In conclusion, the anti-apoptotic efficacy of the Bcl-xL expressing plasmid in humanized anti-TNF-α MAb producing stable CHO cells is compatible with curative effect for high efficiency recombinant protein production. Thus, this model can be used for large-scale production of biosimilars through transient Bcl-xL gene expression as a cost-effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Gulce Iz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey.
| | - Muge Anil Inevi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Urla, Turkey
| | - Pelin Saglam Metiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ayyildiz Tamis
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
- Turgut Ilaclari A.S, 34394, Istanbul, Besiktas, Turkey
| | - Nazli Kisbet
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
- GlaxoSmithKline, 34394, Istanbul, Besiktas, Turkey
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Poulain A, Perret S, Malenfant F, Mullick A, Massie B, Durocher Y. Rapid protein production from stable CHO cell pools using plasmid vector and the cumate gene-switch. J Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28625678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To rapidly produce large amounts of recombinant proteins, the generation of stable Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell pools represents a useful alternative to large-scale transient gene expression (TGE). We have developed a cell line (CHOBRI/rcTA) allowing the inducible expression of recombinant proteins, based on the cumate gene switch. After the identification of optimal plasmid DNA topology (supercoiled vs linearized plasmid) for PEIpro™ mediated transfection and of optimal conditions for methionine sulfoximine (MSX) selection, we were able to generate CHOBRI/rcTA pools producing high levels of recombinant proteins. Volumetric productivities of up to 900mg/L were reproducibly achieved for a Fc fusion protein and up to 350mg/L for an antibody after 14days post-induction in non-optimized fed-batch cultures. In addition, we show that CHO pool volumetric productivities are not affected by a freeze-thaw cycle or following maintenance in culture for over one month in the presence of MSX. Finally, we demonstrate that volumetric protein production with the CR5 cumate-inducible promoter is three- to four-fold higher than with the human CMV or hybrid EF1α-HTLV constitutive promoters. These results suggest that the cumate-inducible CHOBRI/rcTA stable pool platform is a powerful and robust system for the rapid production of gram amounts of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Poulain
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Perret
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Félix Malenfant
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Alaka Mullick
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Bernard Massie
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Madadkar P, Sadavarte R, Butler M, Durocher Y, Ghosh R. Preparative separation of monoclonal antibody aggregates by cation-exchange laterally-fed membrane chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Asymmetric Fc Engineering for Bispecific Antibodies with Reduced Effector Function. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:antib6020007. [PMID: 31548523 PMCID: PMC6698841 DOI: 10.3390/antib6020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric bispecific antibodies are a rapidly expanding therapeutic antibody class, designed to recognize two different target epitopes concurrently to achieve novel functions not available with normal antibodies. Many therapeutic designs require antibodies with reduced or silenced effector function. Although many solutions have been described in the literature to knockout effector function, to date all of them have involved the use of a specific antibody subtype (e.g., IgG2 or IgG4), or symmetric mutations in the lower hinge or CH2 domain of traditional homodimeric monospecific antibodies. In the context of a heterodimeric Fc, we describe novel asymmetric Fc mutations with reduced or silenced effector function in this article. These heteromultimeric designs contain asymmetric charged mutations in the lower hinge and the CH2 domain of the Fc. Surface plasmon resonance showed that the designed mutations display much reduced binding to all of the Fc gamma receptors and C1q. Ex vivo ADCC and CDC assays showed a consistent reduction in activity. Differential scanning calorimetry showed increased thermal stability for some of the designs. Finally, the asymmetric nature of the introduced charged mutations allowed for separation of homodimeric impurities by ion exchange chromatography, providing, as an added benefit, a purification strategy for the production of bispecific antibodies with reduced or silenced effector function.
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Investigation of relationship between EBNA-1 expression level and specific foreign protein productivity in transient gene expression of HEK293 cells. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Data on physicochemical properties of LPEI 25 kDa, PEI"Max" 40 kDa and PEIpro™. Data Brief 2016; 8:456-60. [PMID: 27331123 PMCID: PMC4913174 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Comparative study of polyethylenimines for transient gene expression in mammalian HEK293 and CHO cells” (Delafosse et al., 2016 [1]). Polyethylenimine is a cationic polymer whose linear form has been described as the most efficient to transfect a wide range of cell lines and thus is broadly used in transient gene expression. Data presented in this article compares apparent size and polydispersity as determined by size exclusion chromatography of three commercially available linear PEIs, namely LPEI, PEI“Max” and PEIpro™. Impact of those features on plasmid DNA affinity was established by plasmid DNA agarose gel migration assay.
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