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Zhao N, Jiang Y, Ming S, Liu S, Zhao X, Wang F. Monoclonal Antibody Preparation and Epitope Identification for Brucella melitensis Elongation Factor Tu. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1878. [PMID: 31474961 PMCID: PMC6705223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor thermo-unstable (EF-Tu), an abundant multifunctional protein, is pivotal during protein synthesis and is an important antigen. Few studies have addressed the role of this protein in Brucella species, and the epitopes of this protein have not been reported. Here, we describe a monoclonal antibody (McAb), BD6, for EF-Tu in Brucella melitensis. Using western blotting involving a series of partially overlapping recombinant EF-Tu truncation peptides, a novel linear B-cell epitope, 110QTREHIL116 (EF), was identified. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed that residues Q110, T111, R112, I115, and L116 were core residues involved in recognition. Sequence alignment suggested that the epitope peptide was conserved among bacterial species but differed by one amino acid residue (I115) from the host sequence. The epitope peptide was recognized by sera from B. melitensis-infected mice, and while recombinant epitope peptide induced a strong humoral immune response, the corresponding mouse peptide, QTREHLL, did not. These results suggested that I115 may be the key residue for the host immune system to distinguish between bacterial and self epitope EF sequences. Indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting assays showed that epitope peptide could be used in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, human embryonic kidney cell (HEK-293), and chicken fibroblast cell (DF1) expression systems and immunoprecipitation assay. Together, our results suggested that the McAb BD6 is a useful tool for further investigation of the potential functions of the EF-Tu protein in pathogen-host interactions, and that the epitope tag may be useful for application as a novel affinity tag to identify other bacterial pathogens, especially convenient for the identification of intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuzhen Ming
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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2
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Xia X, Qin W, Zhu H, Wang X, Jiang J, Hu J. How Streptococcus suis serotype 2 attempts to avoid attack by host immune defenses. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:516-525. [PMID: 30954397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) type 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes swine streptococcosis, a widespread infectious disease that occurs in pig production areas worldwide and causes serious economic losses in the pork industry. Hosts recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate both innate and acquired immune responses. However, S. suis has evolved multiple mechanisms to escape host defenses. Pathogenic proteins, such as enolase, double-component regulatory systems, factor H-combining proteins and other pathogenic and virulence factors, contribute to immune escape by evading host phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), complement-mediated immune destruction, etc. SS2 can prevent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation to avoid being trapped by porcine neutrophils and disintegrate host immunoglobulins via IgA1 hydrolases and IgM proteases. Currently, the pathogenesis of arthritis and meningitis caused by SS2 infection remains unclear, and further studies are necessary to elucidate it. Understanding immune evasion mechanisms after SS2 infection is important for developing high-efficiency vaccines and targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China; Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China; Postdoctoral Research Station, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanhai Qin
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huili Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Jianhe Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China; Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.
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3
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Nagai K, Domon H, Maekawa T, Hiyoshi T, Tamura H, Yonezawa D, Habuka R, Saitoh A, Terao Y. Immunization with pneumococcal elongation factor Tu enhances serotype-independent protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Vaccine 2018; 37:160-168. [PMID: 30442480 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent pneumococcal diseases. Currently, licensed vaccines include the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), which target some of the most common of the 94 serotypes of S. pneumoniae based on their capsular composition. However, it has been reported that PPSV is not effective in children aged less than 2 years old and PCV induces serotype replacement, which means that the pneumococcal population has changed following widespread introduction of these vaccines, and the non-vaccine serotypes have increased in being the cause of invasive pneumococcal disease. Therefore, it is important that there is development of novel pneumococcal vaccines to either replace or complement current polysaccharide-based vaccines. Our previous study suggested that S. pneumoniae releases elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) through autolysis followed by the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages via toll-like receptor 4, that may contribute to the development of pneumococcal diseases. In this study, we investigated the expression of EF-Tu in various S. pneumoniae strains and whether EF-Tu could be an antigen candidate for serotype-independent vaccine against pneumococcal infection. Western blotting and flow cytometry analysis revealed that EF-Tu is a common factor expressed on the surface of all pneumococcal strains tested, as well as intracellularly. In addition, we demonstrate that immunization with recombinant (r) EF-Tu induced the production of inflammatory cytokines and the IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in mice, and increased the CD4+ T-cells proportion in splenocytes. We also reveal that anti-EF-Tu serum increased the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages against S. pneumoniae infection, independent of their serotypes. Finally, our results indicate that mice immunized with rEF-Tu were significantly and non-specifically protected against lethal challenges with S. pneumoniae serotypes (2 and 15A). Therefore, pneumococcal EF-Tu could be an antigen candidate for the serotype-independent vaccine against pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Nagai
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Research Centre for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Research Centre for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Research Centre for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yonezawa
- Research Centre for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Habuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Research Centre for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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4
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Andre GO, Converso TR, Politano WR, Ferraz LFC, Ribeiro ML, Leite LCC, Darrieux M. Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae Proteins in Evasion of Complement-Mediated Immunity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:224. [PMID: 28265264 PMCID: PMC5316553 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a central role in immune defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In order to evade complement attack, pneumococci have evolved a number of mechanisms that limit complement mediated opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis. This review focuses on the strategies employed by pneumococci to circumvent complement mediated immunity, both in vitro and in vivo. At last, since many of the proteins involved in interactions with complement components are vaccine candidates in different stages of validation, we explore the use of these antigens alone or in combination, as potential vaccine approaches that aim at elimination or drastic reduction in the ability of this bacterium to evade complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greiciely O Andre
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Converso
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto ButantanSão Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter R Politano
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Lucio F C Ferraz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | | | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Čerekovic N, Poltronieri P. Plant signaling pathways activating defence response and interfering mechanisms by pathogen effectors, protein decoys and bodyguards. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017; 4:370-388. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2017.3.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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6
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Jiang F, He J, Navarro-Alvarez N, Xu J, Li X, Li P, Wu W. Elongation Factor Tu and Heat Shock Protein 70 Are Membrane-Associated Proteins from Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Capable of Inducing Strong Immune Response in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161170. [PMID: 27537186 PMCID: PMC4990256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-progressive pneumonia, a disease that has become a worldwide epidemic has caused considerable loss to sheep industry. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is the causative agent of interstitial pneumonia in sheep, goat and bighorn. We here have identified by immunogold and immunoblotting that elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) are membrane-associated proteins on M. ovipneumonaiea. We have evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo by immunizing BALB/c mice with both purified recombinant proteins rEF-Tu and rHSP70. The sera of both rEF-Tu and rHSP70 treated BALB/c mice demonstrated increased levels of IgG, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12(p70), IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6. In addition, ELISPOT assay showed significant increase in IFN-γ+ secreting lymphocytes in the rHSP70 group when compared to other groups. Collectively our study reveals that rHSP70 induces a significantly better cellular immune response in mice, and may act as a Th1 cytokine-like adjuvant in immune response induction. Finally, growth inhibition test (GIT) of M. ovipneumoniae strain Y98 showed that sera from rHSP70 or rEF-Tu-immunized mice inhibited in vitro growth of M. ovipneumoniae. Our data strongly suggest that EF-Tu and HSP70 of M. ovipneumoniae are membrane-associated proteins capable of inducing antibody production, and cytokine secretion. Therefore, these two proteins may be potential candidates for vaccine development against M. ovipneumoniae infection in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan He
- Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Nalu Navarro-Alvarez
- Center For Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, United States of America
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wenxue Wu
- Laboratory of Rapid Diagnostic Technology for Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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7
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Akamatsu A, Shimamoto K, Kawano Y. Crosstalk of Signaling Mechanisms Involved in Host Defense and Symbiosis Against Microorganisms in Rice. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:297-307. [PMID: 27499679 PMCID: PMC4955034 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160331201602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops, feeding about half population in the world. Rice pathogens cause enormous damage to rice production worldwide. In plant immunity research, considerable progress has recently been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity. Using genome sequencing and molecular techniques, a number of new MAMPs and their receptors have been identified in the past two decades. Notably, the mechanisms for chitin perception via the lysine motif (LysM) domain-containing receptor OsCERK1, as well as the mechanisms for bacterial MAMP (e.g. flg22, elf18) perception via the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain-containing receptors FLS2 and EFR, have been clarified in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively. In chitin signaling in rice, two direct substrates of OsCERK1, Rac/ROP GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor OsRacGEF1 and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsRLCK185, have been identified as components of the OsCERK1 complex and are rapidly phosphorylated by OsCERK1 in response to chitin. Interestingly, OsCERK1 also participates in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rice and plays a role in the recognition of short-chitin molecules (CO4/5), which are symbiotic signatures included in AMF germinated spore exudates and induced by synthetic strigolactone. Thus, OsCERK1 contributes to both immunity and symbiotic responses. In this review, we describe recent studies on pathways involved in rice immunity and symbiotic signaling triggered by interactions with microorganisms. In addition, we describe recent advances in genetic engineering by using plant immune receptors and symbiotic microorganisms to enhance disease resistance of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara,Japan;; Present address: Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich,United Kingdom
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara,Japan
| | - Yoji Kawano
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara,Japan;; Present address: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai,P.R. China;; Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama,Japan
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8
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Mohan S, Hertweck C, Dudda A, Hammerschmidt S, Skerka C, Hallström T, Zipfel PF. Tuf of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a surface displayed human complement regulator binding protein. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:249-64. [PMID: 25046156 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium, causing acute sinusitis, otitis media, and severe diseases such as pneumonia, bacteraemia, meningitis and sepsis. Here we identify elongation factor Tu (Tuf) as a new Factor H binding protein of S. pneumoniae. The surface protein PspC which also binds a series of other human immune inhibitors, was the first identified pneumococcal Factor H binding protein of S. pneumoniae. Pneumococcal Tuf, a 55 kDa pneumococcal moonlighting protein which is displayed on the surface of pneumococci, is also located in the cytoplasm and is detected in the culture supernatant. Tuf binds the human complement inhibitors Factor H, FHL-1, CFHR1 and also the proenzyme plasminogen. Factor H and FHL-1 bound to Tuf, retain their complement regulatory activities. Similarly, plasminogen bound to Tuf was accessible for the activator uPA and activated plasmin cleaved the synthetic chromogenic substrate S-2251 as well as the natural substrates fibrinogen and the complement proteins C3 and C3b. Taken together, Tuf of S. pneumoniae is a new multi-functional bacterial virulence factor that helps the pathogen in complement escape and likely also in ECM degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Mohan
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Dudda
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department Genetics of Microorganisms, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Skerka
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Teresia Hallström
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter F Zipfel
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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Liu W, Kavaliauskas D, Schrader JM, Poruri K, Birkedal V, Goldman E, Jakubowski H, Mandecki W, Uhlenbeck OC, Knudsen CR, Goldman YE, Cooperman BS. Labeled EF-Tus for rapid kinetic studies of pretranslocation complex formation. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2421-31. [PMID: 25126896 PMCID: PMC4201349 DOI: 10.1021/cb500409y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The universally conserved translation
elongation factor EF-Tu delivers
aminoacyl(aa)-tRNA in the form of an aa-tRNA·EF-Tu·GTP ternary
complex (TC) to the ribosome where it binds to the cognate mRNA codon
within the ribosomal A-site, leading to formation of a pretranslocation
(PRE) complex. Here we describe preparation of QSY9 and Cy5 derivatives
of the variant E348C-EF-Tu that are functional in translation elongation.
Together with fluorophore derivatives of aa-tRNA and of ribosomal
protein L11, located within the GTPase associated center (GAC), these
labeled EF-Tus allow development of two new FRET assays that permit
the dynamics of distance changes between EF-Tu and both L11 (Tu-L11
assay) and aa-tRNA (Tu-tRNA assay) to be determined during the decoding
process. We use these assays to examine: (i) the relative rates of
EF-Tu movement away from the GAC and from aa-tRNA during decoding,
(ii) the effects of the misreading-inducing antibiotics streptomycin
and paromomycin on tRNA selection at the A-site, and (iii) how strengthening
the binding of aa-tRNA to EF-Tu affects the rate of EF-Tu movement
away from L11 on the ribosome. These FRET assays have the potential
to be adapted for high throughput screening of ribosomal antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jared M. Schrader
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kiran Poruri
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University−New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101, United States
| | | | - Emanuel Goldman
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University−New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101, United States
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University−New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101, United States
| | - Wlodek Mandecki
- Department
of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University−New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101, United States
| | - Olke C. Uhlenbeck
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Expressed Proteins of Herbaspirillum seropedicae in Maize (DKB240) Roots-Bacteria Interaction Revealed Using Proteomics. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2267-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Wen Y, Behiels E, Felix J, Elegheert J, Vergauwen B, Devreese B, Savvides SN. The bacterial antitoxin HipB establishes a ternary complex with operator DNA and phosphorylated toxin HipA to regulate bacterial persistence. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:10134-47. [PMID: 25056321 PMCID: PMC4150777 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all bacteria exhibit a type of phenotypic growth described as persistence that is thought to underlie antibiotic tolerance and recalcitrant chronic infections. The chromosomally encoded high-persistence (Hip) toxin–antitoxin proteins HipASO and HipBSO from Shewanella oneidensis, a proteobacterium with unusual respiratory capacities, constitute a type II toxin–antitoxin protein module. Here we show that phosphorylated HipASO can engage in an unexpected ternary complex with HipBSO and double-stranded operator DNA that is distinct from the prototypical counterpart complex from Escherichia coli. The structure of HipBSO in complex with operator DNA reveals a flexible C-terminus that is sequestered by HipASO in the ternary complex, indicative of its role in binding HipASO to abolish its function in persistence. The structure of HipASO in complex with a non-hydrolyzable ATP analogue shows that HipASO autophosphorylation is coupled to an unusual conformational change of its phosphorylation loop. However, HipASO is unable to phosphorylate the translation factor Elongation factor Tu, contrary to previous reports, but in agreement with more recent findings. Our studies suggest that the phosphorylation state of HipA is an important factor in persistence and that the structural and mechanistic diversity of HipAB modules as regulatory factors in bacterial persistence is broader than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Wen
- Unit for Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ester Behiels
- Unit for Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Felix
- Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Elegheert
- Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Vergauwen
- Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Devreese
- Unit for Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Furukawa T, Inagaki H, Takai R, Hirai H, Che FS. Two distinct EF-Tu epitopes induce immune responses in rice and Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:113-24. [PMID: 24200076 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0304-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense potential pathogens by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that cause PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). We previously reported that rice recognizes flagellin from the rice-incompatible N1141 strain of Acidovorax avenae and subsequently induces immune responses. Cell extracts isolated from flagellin-deficient N1141 (Δfla1141) still induced PTI responses, suggesting that Δfla1141 possesses an additional PAMP distinct from flagellin. Here, we show that elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), one of the most abundant bacterial proteins, acts as a PAMP in rice and causes several PTI responses. In Brassicaceae species, EF-Tu and an N-acetylated peptide comprising the first 18 amino acids of the N-terminus, termed elf18, are fully active as inducers of PTI responses. By contrast, elf18 did not cause any immune responses in rice, whereas an EF-Tu middle region comprising Lys176 to Gly225, termed EFa50, is fully active as a PAMP in rice. In the leaves of rice plants, EF-Tu induced H2O2 generation and callose deposition, and also triggered resistance to coinfection with pathogenic bacteria. Taken together, these data demonstrate that rice recognizes EFa50, which is distinct from elf18, and that this epitope induces PTI responses.
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Nieves W, Heang J, Asakrah S, Höner zu Bentrup K, Roy CJ, Morici LA. Immunospecific responses to bacterial elongation factor Tu during Burkholderia infection and immunization. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14361. [PMID: 21179405 PMCID: PMC3003680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis, a disease endemic in parts of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Currently there is no licensed vaccine against infection with this biological threat agent. In this study, we employed an immunoproteomic approach and identified bacterial Elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) as a potential vaccine antigen. EF-Tu is membrane-associated, secreted in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and immunogenic during Burkholderia infection in the murine model of melioidosis. Active immunization with EF-Tu induced antigen-specific antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Mucosal immunization with EF-Tu also reduced lung bacterial loads in mice challenged with aerosolized B. thailandensis. Our data support the utility of EF-Tu as a novel vaccine immunogen against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wildaliz Nieves
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Julie Heang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Saja Asakrah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kerstin Höner zu Bentrup
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Morici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sanderová H, Tiserová H, Barvík I, Sojka L, Jonák J, Krásný L. The N-terminal region is crucial for the thermostability of the G-domain of Bacillus stearothermophilus EF-Tu. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1804:147-55. [PMID: 19800034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) is a model monomeric G protein composed of three covalently linked domains. Previously, we evaluated the contributions of individual domains to the thermostability of EF-Tu from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus. We showed that domain 1 (G-domain) sets up the basal level of thermostability for the whole protein. Here we chose to locate the thermostability determinants distinguishing the thermophilic domain 1 from a mesophilic domain 1. By an approach of systematically swapping protein regions differing between G-domains from mesophilic Bacillus subtilis and thermophilic B. stearothermophilus, we demonstrate that a small portion of the protein, the N-terminal 12 amino acid residues, plays a key role in the thermostability of this domain. We suggest that the thermostabilizing effect of the N-terminal region could be mediated by stabilizing the functionally important effector region. Finally, we demonstrate that the effect of the N-terminal region is significant also for the thermostability of the full-length EF-Tu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sanderová
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
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Kolberg J, Hammerschmidt S, Frank R, Jonák J, Šanderová H, Aase A. The surface-associated elongation factor Tu is concealed for antibody binding on viable pneumococci and meningococci. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 53:222-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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