1
|
Ding S, Kim YJ, Huang KY, Um D, Jung Y, Kong H. Delivery-mediated exosomal therapeutics in ischemia-reperfusion injury: advances, mechanisms, and future directions. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38689075 PMCID: PMC11061094 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) poses significant challenges across various organ systems, including the heart, brain, and kidneys. Exosomes have shown great potentials and applications in mitigating IRI-induced cell and tissue damage through modulating inflammatory responses, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting tissue repair. Despite these advances, a more systematic understanding of exosomes from different sources and their biotransport is critical for optimizing therapeutic efficacy and accelerating the clinical adoption of exosomes for IRI therapies. Therefore, this review article overviews the administration routes of exosomes from different sources, such as mesenchymal stem cells and other somatic cells, in the context of IRI treatment. Furthermore, this article covers how the delivered exosomes modulate molecular pathways of recipient cells, aiding in the prevention of cell death and the promotions of regeneration in IRI models. In the end, this article discusses the ongoing research efforts and propose future research directions of exosome-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Ding
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai-Yu Huang
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Daniel Um
- Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Melanis K, Stefanou MI, Themistoklis KM, Papasilekas T. mTOR pathway - a potential therapeutic target in stroke. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231187770. [PMID: 37576547 PMCID: PMC10413897 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231187770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide and a major cause of long-term disability. A potential therapeutic target that could offer favorable outcomes in stroke is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that composes two protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), and is regulated by other proteins such as the tuberous sclerosis complex. Through a significant number of signaling pathways, the mTOR pathway can modulate the processes of post-ischemic inflammation and autophagy, both of which play an integral part in the pathophysiological cascade of stroke. Promoting or inhibiting such processes under ischemic conditions can lead to apoptosis or instead sustained viability of neurons. The purpose of this review is to examine the pathophysiological role of mTOR in acute ischemic stroke, while highlighting promising neuroprotective agents such as hamartin for therapeutic modulation of this pathway. The therapeutic potential of mTOR is also discussed, with emphasis on implicated molecules and pathway steps that warrant further elucidation in order for their neuroprotective properties to be efficiently tested in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Melanis
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and ‘Attikon’ University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1 Chaidari, Athens 12462, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Ioanna Stefanou
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and ‘Attikon’ University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos M. Themistoklis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, ‘Korgialenio, Benakio, H.R.C’. General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Papasilekas
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, ‘Korgialenio, Benakio, H.R.C’. General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tarudji AW, Miller HA, Curtis ET, Porter CL, Madsen GL, Kievit FM. Sex-based differences of antioxidant enzyme nanoparticle effects following traumatic brain injury. J Control Release 2023; 355:149-159. [PMID: 36720285 PMCID: PMC10006352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released in excess, causing oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, and cell death, which induce the additional release of ROS. The limited accumulation and retention of small molecule antioxidants commonly used in clinical trials likely limit the target engagement and therapeutic effect in reducing secondary injury. Small molecule drugs also need to be administered every several hours to maintain bioavailability in the brain. Therefore, there is a need for a burst and sustained release system with high accumulation and retention in the injured brain. Here, we utilized Pro-NP™ with a size of 200 nm, which was designed to have a burst and sustained release of encapsulated antioxidants, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT), to scavenge ROS for >24 h post-injection. Here, we utilized a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of TBI and found the accumulation of Pro-NP™ in the brain lesion was highest when injected immediately after injury, with a reduction in the accumulation with delayed administration of 1 h or more post-injury. Pro-NP™ treatment with 9000 U/kg SOD1 and 9800 U/kg CAT gave the highest reduction in ROS in both male and female mice. We found that Pro-NP™ treatment was effective in reducing carbonyl stress and necrosis at 1 d post-injury in the contralateral hemisphere in male mice, which showed a similar trend to untreated female mice. Although we found that male and female mice similarly benefit from Pro-NP™ treatment in reducing ROS levels 4 h post-injury, Pro-NP™ treatment did not significantly affect markers of post-traumatic oxidative stress in female CCI mice as compared to male CCI mice. These findings of protection by Pro-NP™ in male mice did not extend to 7 d post-injury, which suggests subsequent treatments with Pro-NP™ may be needed to afford protection into the chronic phase of injury. Overall, these different treatment effects of Pro-NP™ between male and female mice suggest important sex-based differences in response to antioxidant nanoparticle delivery and that there may exist a maximal benefit from local antioxidant activity in injured brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Evan T Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Gary L Madsen
- ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hua Y, Zhai Y, Wang G, Wang N, Wu Q, Huang Q, Seto S, Wang Y. Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue decoction activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to reduce BMECs autophagy after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115585. [PMID: 35921993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue Decoction (TQHXD) is a traditional classic Chinese Medicinal Formula (CMF) used for clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. TQHXD leads to improvement in the symptoms of the acute period of cerebral infarction and recovery period after stroke. Our previous studies also showed that TQHXD produced a significant protective effect on the brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is reported that autophagy is closely related to ischemic brain injury; however, the functional contribution of TQHXD to brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) autophagy and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of TQHXD in inhibiting cerebral ischemia-induced endothelial autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of the chemical constituents from TQHXD was established for the quality control, and the Longa method was used to evaluate the efficacy of TQHXD in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The expression of LC3 was determined by immunofluorescence double staining. To evaluate the protective effects of TQHXD-containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on BMECs injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion, cell survival rate was determined using the CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Annexin V/PI. Autophagy was detected using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The results showed that TQHXD-CSF significantly ameliorated oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced injury in BMECs. Confocal microscopy and Western blot results showed that TQHXD-CSF reduced autophagy-related protein expression and autophagosome number. The results of the western blotting indicated that TQHXD-CSF caused a marked increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and phosphoinsotide-3 kinase (Akt/p-Akt and PI3K/p-PI3K, respectively) and their expression levels were down-regulated after treatment with pathway inhibitor, ZSTK474. Furthermore, in a MCAO model in rats, TQHXD markedly increased p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR, whereas the autophagy related proteins decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TQHXD protects against ischemic insult by inhibiting autophagy through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and that TQHXD may have therapeutic value for protecting BMECs from cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hua
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Yan Zhai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Guangyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Greenwood JC, Talebi FM, Jang DH, Spelde AE, Tonna JE, Gutsche JT, Horak J, Acker MA, Kilbaugh TJ, Shofer FS, Augoustides JGT, Bakker J, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR, Abella BS. Topical nitroglycerin to detect reversible microcirculatory dysfunction in patients with circulatory shock after cardiovascular surgery: an observational study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15257. [PMID: 36088474 PMCID: PMC9464203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPersistent abnormalities in microcirculatory function are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with circulatory shock. We sought to identify patients with acutely reversible microcirculatory dysfunction using a low-dose topical nitroglycerin solution and handheld videomicroscopy during circulatory shock after cardiac surgery. Forty subjects were enrolled for the study, including 20 preoperative control and 20 post-operative patients with shock. To test whether microcirculatory dysfunction is acutely reversible during shock, the sublingual microcirculation was imaged with incident dark field microscopy before and after the application of 0.1 mL of a 1% nitroglycerin solution (1 mg/mL). Compared to the control group, patients with shock had a higher microcirculation heterogeneity index (MHI 0.33 vs. 0.12, p < 0.001) and a lower microvascular flow index (MFI 2.57 vs. 2.91, p < 0.001), total vessel density (TVD 22.47 vs. 25.90 mm/mm2, p = 0.005), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV 90.76 vs. 95.89%, p < 0.001) and perfused vessel density (PVD 20.44 vs. 24.81 mm/mm2, p < 0.001). After the nitroglycerin challenge, patients with shock had an increase in MFI (2.57 vs. 2.97, p < 0.001), TVD (22.47 vs. 27.51 mm/mm2, p < 0.009), PPV (90.76 vs. 95.91%, p < 0.001), PVD (20.44 vs. 26.41 mm/mm2, p < 0.001), venular RBC velocity (402.2 vs. 693.9 µm/s, p < 0.0004), and a decrease in MHI (0.33 vs. 0.04, p < 0.001. Thirteen of 20 patients showed a pharmacodynamic response, defined as an increase in PVD > 1.8 SD from shock baseline. Hemodynamics and vasoactive doses did not change during the 30-min study period. Our findings suggest a topical nitroglycerin challenge with handheld videomicroscopy can safely assess for localized recruitment of the microcirculatory blood flow in patients with circulatory shock and may be a useful test to identify nitroglycerin responsiveness.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Dalan R, Hu Z, Wang JW, Chew NW, Poh KK, Tan RS, Soong TW, Dai Y, Ye L, Chen X. Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202169. [PMID: 35470476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, which are independent risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis and the development of IHD. Engineered biomaterial-based nanomedicines are under extensive investigation and exploration, serving as smart and multifunctional nanocarriers for synergistic therapeutic effect. Capitalizing on cell/molecule-targeting drug delivery, nanomedicines present enhanced specificity and safety with favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, the roles of ROS in both IHD and its risk factors are discussed, highlighting cardiovascular medications that have antioxidant properties, and summarizing the advantages, properties, and recent achievements of nanomedicines that have ROS scavenging capacity for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. Finally, the current challenges of nanomedicines for ROS-scavenging treatment of IHD and possible future directions are discussed from a clinical perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 408433, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Kian-Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 119609, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macao, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen TTU, Yeom JH, Kim W. Beneficial Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11923. [PMID: 34769353 PMCID: PMC8584391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are closely related to cardiovascular complications and atherosclerosis, and have the potential to lead to an increase in death in patients receiving hemodialysis. Vitamin E has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers in adult patients receiving hemodialysis. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases and identified randomized controlled trials of adult patients receiving hemodialysis until 30 August 2021. A total of 11 trials with 491 randomized patients were included. The pooled data indicated that vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [standardized mean difference (SMD): -1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.57, -0.13; p = 0.03, I2 = 89%], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (SMD: -1.08; 95% CI: -2.05, -0.11; p = 0.03, I2 = 81%), C-reactive protein (SMD: -0.41; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.07; p = 0.02, I2 = 64%), and malondialdehyde (SMD: -0.76; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.25; p = 0.003, I2 = 77%) levels, but not interleukin-6 levels compared to those in the control group. Our results suggest that vitamin E supplementation may help alleviate oxidative stress and both vascular and systemic inflammation in patients receiving hemodialysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam;
| | - Ji-hyun Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin H, Wang P, Zhang W, Yan H, Yu H, Yan L, Chen H, Xie M, Shan L. Novel Combined Preparation and Investigation of Bergenin-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations. Inflammation 2021; 45:428-444. [PMID: 34599707 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new method for targeting lung infections is of great interest using biodegradable nanoparticles. In this study, bergenin-loaded BSA NPs were developed against lung injury. Briefly, bergenin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (BG@BSA NPs) were synthesized and characterized. HPLC recorded the major peak of bergenin. UV-Vis spectra had an absorbance at 376 nm. XRD revealed the presence of crystalline particles. FTIR confirmed the occurrence of functionalized molecules in the synthesized NPs. The particles were highly stable with a net negative charge of - 24.2. The morphology of NPs was determined by SEM and TEM. The mean particle size was 124.26 nm. The production of NO by NR8383 cells was decreased by BG@BSA NPs. Also, in mice, lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute lung inflammation was induced. BG@BSA NPs reduced macrophages and neutrophils in BALF and remarkably enhanced wet weight-to-dry weight (W/D) ratios and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Further, BG@BSA NPs inhibited the production of inflammatory cells as well as tumor necrosis factor. The histopathological studies revealed that the damage and neutrophil infiltration were greatly inhibited by BG@BSA NPs. This indicates that BG@BSA NPs may be used to treat lung infections. Therefore, this study has given new insight into producing an active drug for the treatment of lung-associated diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Kaifeng Central Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Kaifeng, 475000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Kaifeng Central Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Kaifeng, 475000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxi Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqiao Yan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, People's Republic of China
| | - Mindan Xie
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liqun Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo H, Chevillard L, Bellivier F, Mégarbane B, Etain B, Cisternino S, Declèves X. The role of brain barriers in the neurokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lithium. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105480. [PMID: 33549730 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is the most widely used mood stabilizer in treating patients with bipolar disorder. However, more than half of the patients do not or partially respond to Li therapy, despite serum Li concentrations in the serum therapeutic range. The exact mechanisms underlying the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships of lithium are still poorly understood and alteration in the brain pharmacokinetics of lithium may be one of the mechanisms explaining the variability in the clinical response to Li. Brain barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) play a crucial role in controlling blood-to-brain and brain-to-blood exchanges of various molecules including central nervous system (CNS) drugs. Recent in vivo studies by nuclear resonance spectroscopy revealed heterogenous brain distribution of Li in human that were not always correlated with serum concentrations, suggesting regional and variable transport mechanisms of Li through the brain barriers. Moreover, alteration in the functionality and integrity of brain barriers is reported in various CNS diseases, as a cause or a consequence and in this regard, Li by itself is known to modulate BBB properties such as the expression and activity of various transporters, metabolizing enzymes, and the specialized tight junction proteins on BBB. In this review, we will focus on recent knowledge into the role of the brain barriers as key-element in the Li neuropharmacokinetics which might improve the understanding of PK-PD of Li and its interindividual variability in drug response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Luo
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Lucie Chevillard
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Service de Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMRS-1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, F-75006 Paris, France; Biologie du Médicament, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg, St. Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jungraithmayr W. Novel Strategies for Endothelial Preservation in Lung Transplant Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:581420. [PMID: 33391010 PMCID: PMC7775419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.581420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury inevitably occurs during lung transplantation. The pulmonary endothelium is the primary target of IR injury that potentially results in severe pulmonary dysfunction. Over the last decades, various molecules, receptors, and signaling pathways were identified in order to develop treatment strategies for the preservation of the pulmonary endothelium against IR injury. We here review the latest and most promising therapeutic strategies for the protection of the endothelium against IR injury. These include the stabilization of the endothelial glycocalyx, inhibition of endothelial autophagy, inhibition of adhesion molecules, targeting of angiotensin-converting enzyme, and traditional viral and novel non-viral gene transfer approaches. Though some of these strategies proved to be promising in experimental studies, very few of these treatment concepts made the transfer into clinical application. This dilemma underscores the need for more experimental evidence for the translation into clinical studies to invent therapeutic concepts against IR injury-mediated endothelial damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Myeloperoxidase: A versatile mediator of endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic target during cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107711. [PMID: 33137376 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a prominent mammalian heme peroxidase and a fundamental component of the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. In recent times, MPO has received considerable attention as a key oxidative enzyme capable of impairing the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) and promoting endothelial dysfunction; a clinically relevant event that manifests throughout the development of inflammatory cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence indicates that during cardiovascular disease, MPO is released intravascularly by activated leukocytes resulting in its transport and sequestration within the vascular endothelium. At this site, MPO catalyzes various oxidative reactions that are capable of promoting vascular inflammation and impairing NO bioactivity and endothelial function. In particular, MPO catalyzes the production of the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and the catalytic consumption of NO via the enzyme's NO oxidase activity. An emerging paradigm is the ability of MPO to also influence endothelial function via non-catalytic, cytokine-like activities. In this review article we discuss the implications of our increasing knowledge of the versatility of MPO's actions as a mediator of cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction for the development of new pharmacological agents capable of effectively combating MPO's pathogenic activities. More specifically, we will (i) discuss the various transport mechanisms by which MPO accumulates into the endothelium of inflamed or diseased arteries, (ii) detail the clinical and basic scientific evidence identifying MPO as a significant cause of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, (iii) provide an up-to-date coverage on the different oxidative mechanisms by which MPO can impair endothelial function during cardiovascular disease including an evaluation of the contributions of MPO-catalyzed HOCl production and NO oxidation, and (iv) outline the novel non-enzymatic mechanisms of MPO and their potential contribution to endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we deliver a detailed appraisal of the different pharmacological strategies available for targeting the catalytic and non-catalytic modes-of-action of MPO in order to protect against endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lu Y, Wang S, Cai S, Gu X, Wang J, Yang Y, Hu Z, Zhang X, Ye Y, Shen S, Joshi K, Ma D, Zhang L. Propofol-induced MiR-20b expression initiates endogenous cellular signal changes mitigating hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced endothelial autophagy in vitro. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:681. [PMID: 32826852 PMCID: PMC7442825 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Certain miRNAs can attenuate hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced autophagic cell death reported in our previous studies, but how these miRNAs regulate the autophagy-related cellular signaling pathway in preventing cell death is largely unknown. In the current study, the autophagy-related miRNAs of hsa-miR-20b were investigated in an in vitro model of hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced endothelial autophagic cell death. Of these, miR-20b was found to be the most important miRNA which targeted on the key autophagy kinase ULK1 and inhibited hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury-induced autophagy by decreasing both autophagosomes and LC3I to II transition rate and P62 degradation. These processes were reversed by the transfection of an miR-20b inhibitor. Re-expression of ULK1 restores miR-20b-inhibited autophagy. Propofol, a commonly used anesthetic, promoted miR-20b and METTL3 expression and attenuated endothelial autophagic cell death. The inhibited endogenous expression of miR-20b or silenced METTL3 diminished the protective effect of propofol and accentuated autophagy. Additionally, METTL3 knockdown significantly inhibited miR-20b expression but up-regulated pri-miR-20b expression. Together, our data shows that propofol protects against endothelial autophagic cell death induced by hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury, associated with activation of METTL3/miR-20b/ULK1 cellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Shuyun Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Xihe Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yongcai Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Siman Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Kiran Joshi
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Glassman PM, Myerson JW, Ferguson LT, Kiseleva RY, Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeting drug delivery in the vascular system: Focus on endothelium. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:96-117. [PMID: 32579890 PMCID: PMC7306214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bloodstream is the main transporting pathway for drug delivery systems (DDS) from the site of administration to the intended site of action. In many cases, components of the vascular system represent therapeutic targets. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal surface of the vasculature, play a tripartite role of the key target, barrier, or victim of nanomedicines in the bloodstream. Circulating DDS may accumulate in the vascular areas of interest and in off-target areas via mechanisms bypassing specific molecular recognition, but using ligands of specific vascular determinant molecules enables a degree of precision, efficacy, and specificity of delivery unattainable by non-affinity DDS. Three decades of research efforts have focused on specific vascular targeting, which have yielded a multitude of DDS, many of which are currently undergoing a translational phase of development for biomedical applications, including interventions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous systems, regulation of endothelial functions, host defense, and permeation of vascular barriers. We discuss the design of endothelial-targeted nanocarriers, factors underlying their interactions with cells and tissues, and describe examples of their investigational use in models of acute vascular inflammation with an eye on translational challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Laura T Ferguson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pirhadi-Tavandashti N, Imani H, Ebrahimpour-Koujan S, Samavat S, Hakemi MS. The effect of vitamin E supplementation on biomarkers of endothelial function and inflammation among hemodialysis patients: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49:102357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
15
|
Dikalova AE, Aschner JL, Zhang Y, Kaplowitz MR, Fike CD. Reactive oxygen species modulate Na +-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 expression in piglet pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H911-H919. [PMID: 30794434 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00674.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) modulates nitric oxide (NO) production in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) from newborn piglets. Specifically, the ability to increase NO production in response to the l-arginine-NO precursor l-citrulline is dependent on SNAT1 expression. Elucidating factors that regulate SNAT1 expression in PAECs could provide new insights and therapeutic targets relevant to NO production. Our major goals were to determine if reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate SNAT1 expression in PAECs from newborn piglets and to evaluate the role of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase, enzymatic sources of ROS, in hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression. Treatment with either H2O2 or xanthine plus xanthine oxidase increased SNAT1 expression in PAECs from newborn piglets cultured under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression were inhibited by treatments with the ROS-removing agents catalase and superoxide dismutase, NOX1 siRNA, and the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Both tetrahydropbiopterin (BH4) and l-citrulline, two therapies that decrease ROS by recoupling endothelial NO synthase, reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in SNAT1 expression. BH4 and l-citrulline treatment improved NO production in hypoxic PAECs despite a reduction in SNAT1 expression. In conclusion, SNAT1 expression is modulated by ROS in PAECs from newborn piglets. However, ROS-mediated decreases in SNAT1 expression per se do not implicate a reduction in NO production. Although SNAT1 may be critical to l-citrulline-induced increases in NO production, therapies designed to alter SNAT1 expression may not lead to a concordant change in NO production. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1) modulates nitric oxide (NO) production in piglet pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Factors that regulate SNAT1 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells are unclear. Here, we show that ROS-reducing strategies inhibit hypoxia-induced increases in SNAT1 expression. l-Citrulline and tetrahydropbiopterin decrease SNAT1 expression but increase NO production. Although SNAT1 is modulated by ROS, changes in SNAT1 expression may not cause a concordant change in NO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Dikalova
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judy L Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark R Kaplowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Candice D Fike
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health , Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shuvaev VV, Khoshnejad M, Pulsipher KW, Kiseleva RY, Arguiri E, Cheung-Lau JC, LeFort KM, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Stan RV, Dmochowski IJ, Muzykantov VR. Spatially controlled assembly of affinity ligand and enzyme cargo enables targeting ferritin nanocarriers to caveolae. Biomaterials 2018; 185:348-359. [PMID: 30273834 PMCID: PMC6487198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the goals of nanomedicine is targeted delivery of therapeutic enzymes to the sub-cellular compartments where their action is needed. Endothelial caveolae-derived endosomes represent an important yet challenging destination for targeting, in part due to smaller size of the entry aperture of caveolae (ca. 30-50 nm). Here, we designed modular, multi-molecular, ferritin-based nanocarriers with uniform size (20 nm diameter) for easy drug-loading and targeted delivery of enzymatic cargo to these specific vesicles. These nanocarriers targeted to caveolar Plasmalemmal Vesicle-Associated Protein (Plvap) deliver superoxide dismutase (SOD) into endosomes in endothelial cells, the specific site of influx of superoxide mediating by such pro-inflammatory signaling as some cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell studies showed efficient internalization of Plvap-targeted SOD-loaded nanocarriers followed by dissociation from caveolin-containing vesicles and intracellular transport to endosomes. The nanocarriers had a profound protective anti-inflammatory effect in an animal model of LPS-induced inflammation, in agreement with the characteristics of their endothelial uptake and intracellular transport, indicating that these novel, targeted nanocarriers provide an advantageous platform for caveolae-dependent delivery of biotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Katherine W Pulsipher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evguenia Arguiri
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jasmina C Cheung-Lau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen M LeFort
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Radu V Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
O’Grady KP, Kavanaugh TE, Cho H, Ye H, Gupta MK, Madonna MC, Lee J, O’Brien CM, Skala MC, Hasty KA, Duvall CL. Drug-Free ROS Sponge Polymeric Microspheres Reduce Tissue Damage from Ischemic and Mechanical Injury. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1251-1264. [PMID: 30349873 PMCID: PMC6195321 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The inherent antioxidant function of poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) microspheres (MS) was dissected for different reactive oxygen species (ROS), and therapeutic benefits of PPS-MS were explored in models of diabetic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and mechanically induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). PPS-MS (∼1 μm diameter) significantly scavenged hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorite, and peroxynitrite but not superoxide in vitro in cell-free and cell-based assays. Elevated ROS levels (specifically H2O2) were confirmed in both a mouse model of diabetic PAD and in a mouse model of PTOA, with greater than 5- and 2-fold increases in H2O2, respectively. PPS-MS treatment functionally improved recovery from hind limb ischemia based on ∼15-25% increases in hemoglobin saturation and perfusion in the footpads as well as earlier remodeling of vessels in the proximal limb. In the PTOA model, PPS-MS reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by 30% and mitigated the resultant articular cartilage damage. These results suggest that local delivery of PPS-MS at sites of injury-induced inflammation improves the vascular response to ischemic injury in the setting of chronic hyperglycemia and reduces articular cartilage destruction following joint trauma. These results motivate further exploration of PPS as a stand-alone, locally sustained antioxidant therapy and as a material for microsphere-based, sustained local drug delivery to inflamed tissues at risk of ROS damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin P. O’Grady
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Taylor E. Kavanaugh
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Hongsik Cho
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Research Service 151, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, United States
| | - Hanrong Ye
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Mukesh K. Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Megan C. Madonna
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jinjoo Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Christine M. O’Brien
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Karen A. Hasty
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Research Service 151, VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, United States
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 1225 Stevenson Center Lane, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Ferritin subunits of heavy and light polypeptide chains self-assemble into a spherical nanocage that serves as a natural transport vehicle for metals but can include diverse cargoes. Ferritin nanoparticles are characterized by remarkable stability, small and uniform size. Chemical modifications and molecular re-engineering of ferritin yield a versatile platform of nanocarriers capable of delivering a broad range of therapeutic and imaging agents. Targeting moieties conjugated to the ferritin external surface provide multivalent anchoring of biological targets. Here, we highlight some of the current work on ferritin as well as examine potential strategies that could be used to functionalize ferritin via chemical and genetic means to enable its utility in vascular drug delivery.
Collapse
|
19
|
Khoshnejad M, Brenner JS, Motley W, Parhiz H, Greineder CF, Villa CH, Marcos-Contreras OA, Tsourkas A, Muzykantov VR. Molecular engineering of antibodies for site-specific covalent conjugation using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1760. [PMID: 29379029 PMCID: PMC5789018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific modification of antibodies has become a critical aspect in the development of next-generation immunoconjugates meeting criteria of clinically acceptable homogeneity, reproducibility, efficacy, ease of manufacturability, and cost-effectiveness. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing, we developed a simple and novel approach to produce site-specifically modified antibodies. A sortase tag was genetically incorporated into the C-terminal end of the third immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (CH3) within a hybridoma cell line to manufacture antibodies capable of site-specific conjugation. This enabled an effective enzymatic site-controlled conjugation of fluorescent and radioactive cargoes to a genetically tagged mAb without impairment of antigen binding activity. After injection in mice, these immunoconjugates showed almost doubled specific targeting in the lung vs. chemically conjugated maternal mAb, and concomitant reduction in uptake in the liver and spleen. The approach outlined in this work provides a facile method for the development of more homogeneous, reproducible, effective, and scalable antibody conjugates for use as therapeutic and diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makan Khoshnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - William Motley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin F Greineder
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shuvaev VV, Kiseleva RY, Arguiri E, Villa CH, Muro S, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Stan RV, Muzykantov VR. Targeting superoxide dismutase to endothelial caveolae profoundly alleviates inflammation caused by endotoxin. J Control Release 2017; 272:1-8. [PMID: 29292038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators binding to Toll-Like receptors (TLR) induce an influx of superoxide anion in the ensuing endosomes. In endothelial cells, endosomal surplus of superoxide causes pro-inflammatory activation and TLR4 agonists act preferentially via caveolae-derived endosomes. To test the hypothesis that SOD delivery to caveolae may specifically inhibit this pathological pathway, we conjugated SOD with antibodies (Ab/SOD, size ~10nm) to plasmalemmal vesicle-associated protein (Plvap) that is specifically localized to endothelial caveolae in vivo and compared its effects to non-caveolar target CD31/PECAM-1. Plvap Ab/SOD bound to endothelial cells in culture with much lower efficacy than CD31 Ab/SOD, yet blocked the effects of LPS signaling with higher efficiency than CD31 Ab/SOD. Disruption of cholesterol-rich membrane domains by filipin inhibits Plvap Ab/SOD endocytosis and LPS signaling, implicating the caveolae-dependent pathway(s) in both processes. Both Ab/SOD conjugates targeted to Plvap and CD31 accumulated in the lungs after IV injection in mice, but the former more profoundly inhibited LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and elevation of plasma level of interferon-beta and -gamma and interleukin-27. Taken together, these results indicate that targeted delivery of SOD to specific cellular compartments may offer effective, mechanistically precise interception of pro-inflammatory signaling mediated by reactive oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics, Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics, Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evguenia Arguiri
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics, Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Radu V Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics, Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goitre L, DiStefano PV, Moglia A, Nobiletti N, Baldini E, Trabalzini L, Keubel J, Trapani E, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR, Sarelius IH, Retta SF, Glading AJ. Up-regulation of NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling contributes to the loss of barrier function in KRIT1 deficient endothelium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8296. [PMID: 28811547 PMCID: PMC5558000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular scaffold KRIT1/CCM1 is an established regulator of vascular barrier function. Loss of KRIT1 leads to decreased microvessel barrier function and to the development of the vascular disorder Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM). However, how loss of KRIT1 causes the subsequent deficit in barrier function remains undefined. Previous studies have shown that loss of KRIT1 increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbates vascular permeability triggered by several inflammatory stimuli, but not TNF−α. We now show that endothelial ROS production directly contributes to the loss of barrier function in KRIT1 deficient animals and cells, as targeted antioxidant enzymes reversed the increase in permeability in KRIT1 heterozygous mice as shown by intravital microscopy. Rescue of the redox state restored responsiveness to TNF-α in KRIT1 deficient arterioles, but not venules. In vitro, KRIT1 depletion increased endothelial ROS production via NADPH oxidase signaling, up-regulated Nox4 expression, and promoted NF-κB dependent promoter activity. Recombinant yeast avenanthramide I, an antioxidant and inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, rescued barrier function in KRIT1 deficient cells. However, KRIT1 depletion blunted ROS production in response to TNF-α. Together, our data indicate that ROS signaling is critical for the loss of barrier function following genetic deletion of KRIT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Goitre
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter V DiStefano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicholas Nobiletti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eva Baldini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Julie Keubel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eliana Trapani
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ingrid H Sarelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - Angela J Glading
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sadikot RT, Kolanjiyil AV, Kleinstreuer C, Rubinstein I. Nanomedicine for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-12. [PMID: 31988911 PMCID: PMC6945951 DOI: 10.1159/000477086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represent a heterogenous group of lung disease in critically ill patients that continues to have high mortality. Despite the increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of ARDS, specific targeted treatments for ARDS have yet to be developed. ARDS represents an unmet medical need with an urgency to develop effective pharmacotherapies. Multiple promising targets have been identified that could lead to the development of potential therapies for ARDS; however, they have been limited because of difficulty with the mode of delivery, especially in critically ill patients. Nanobiotechnology is the basis of innovative techniques to deliver drugs targeted to the site of inflamed organs, such as the lungs. Nanoscale drug delivery systems have the ability to improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of agents, allowing an increase in the biodistribution of therapeutic agents to target organs and resulting in improved efficacy with reduction in drug toxicity. Although attractive, delivering nanomedicine to lungs can be challenging as it requires sophisticated systems. Here we review the potential of novel nanomedicine approaches that may prove to be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of this devastating condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxana T Sadikot
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VAMC, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arun V Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Clement Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li H, Wu J, Shen H, Yao X, Liu C, Pianta S, Han J, Borlongan CV, Chen G. Autophagy in hemorrhagic stroke: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 163-164:79-97. [PMID: 28414101 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence advances the critical role of autophagy in brain pathology after stroke. Investigations employing autophagy induction or inhibition using pharmacological tools or autophagy-related gene knockout mice have recently revealed the biological significance of intact and functional autophagy in stroke. Most of the reported cases attest to a pro-survival role for autophagy in stroke, by facilitating removal of damaged proteins and organelles, which can be recycled for energy generation and cellular defenses. However, these observations are difficult to reconcile with equally compelling evidence demonstrating stroke-induced upregulation of brain cell death index that parallels enhanced autophagy. This begs the question of whether drug-induced autophagy during stroke culminates in improved or worsened pathological outcomes. A corollary fascinating hypothesis, but presents as a tricky conundrum, involves the effects of autophagy on cell death and inflammation, which are two main culprits in the disease progression of stroke-induced brain injury. Evidence has extended the roles of autophagy in inflammation via cytokine regulation in an unconventional secretion manner or by targeting inflammasomes for degradation. Moreover, in the recently concluded Vancouver Autophagy Symposium (VAS) held in 2014, the potential of selective autophagy for clinical treatment has been recognized. The role of autophagy in ischemic stroke has been reviewed previously in detail. Here, we evaluate the strength of laboratory and clinical evidence by providing a comprehensive summary of the literature on autophagy, and thereafter we offer our perspectives on exploiting autophagy as a drug target for cerebral ischemia, especially in hemorrhagic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiyang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - S Pianta
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - J Han
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - C V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tu J, Boyle AL, Friedrich H, Bomans PHH, Bussmann J, Sommerdijk NAJM, Jiskoot W, Kros A. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Large Pores for the Encapsulation and Release of Proteins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32211-32219. [PMID: 27933855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been explored extensively as solid supports for proteins in biological and medical applications. Small (<200 nm) MSNs with ordered large pores (>5 nm), capable of encapsulating therapeutic small molecules suitable for delivery applications in vivo, are rare however. Here we present small, elongated, cuboidal, MSNs with average dimensions of 90 × 43 nm that possess disk-shaped cavities, stacked on top of each other, which run parallel to the short axis of the particle. Amine functionalization was achieved by modifying the MSN surface with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyltrimethoxysilane (AP-MSNs and AEP-MSNs) and were shown to have similar dimensions to the nonfunctionalized MSNs. The dimensions of these particles, and their large surface areas as measured by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, make them ideal scaffolds for protein encapsulation and delivery. We therefore investigated the encapsulation and release behavior for seven model proteins (α-lactalbumin, ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin, catalase, hemoglobin, lysozyme, and cytochrome c). It was discovered that all types of MSNs used in this study allow rapid encapsulation, with a high loading capacity, for all proteins studied. Furthermore, the release profiles of the proteins were tunable. The variation in both rate and amount of protein uptake and release was found to be determined by the surface chemistry of the MSNs, together with the isoelectric point (pI), and molecular weight of the proteins, as well as by the ionic strength of the buffer. These MSNs with their large surface area and optimal dimensions provide a scaffold with a high encapsulation efficiency and controllable release profiles for a variety of proteins, enabling potential applications in fields such as drug delivery and protein therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heiner Friedrich
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H H Bomans
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nico A J M Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang G, Qian C, Wang N, Lin C, Wang Y, Wang G, Piao X. Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Injury via Rho/Rho-kinase Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:619-633. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
26
|
Size and targeting to PECAM vs ICAM control endothelial delivery, internalization and protective effect of multimolecular SOD conjugates. J Control Release 2016; 234:115-23. [PMID: 27210108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Controlled endothelial delivery of SOD may alleviate abnormal local surplus of superoxide involved in ischemia-reperfusion, inflammation and other disease conditions. Targeting SOD to endothelial surface vs. intracellular compartments is desirable to prevent pathological effects of external vs. endogenous superoxide, respectively. Thus, SOD conjugated with antibodies to cell adhesion molecule PECAM (Ab/SOD) inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling mediated by endogenous superoxide produced in the endothelial endosomes in response to cytokines. Here we defined control of surface vs. endosomal delivery and effect of Ab/SOD, focusing on conjugate size and targeting to PECAM vs. ICAM. Ab/SOD enlargement from about 100 to 300nm enhanced amount of cell-bound SOD and protection against extracellular superoxide. In contrast, enlargement inhibited endocytosis of Ab/SOD and diminished mitigation of inflammatory signaling of endothelial superoxide. In addition to size, shape is important: endocytosis of antibody-coated spheres was more effective than that of polymorphous antibody conjugates. Further, targeting to ICAM provides higher endocytic efficacy than targeting to PECAM. ICAM-targeted Ab/SOD more effectively mitigated inflammatory signaling by intracellular superoxide in vitro and in animal models, although total uptake was inferior to that of PECAM-targeted Ab/SOD. Therefore, both geometry and targeting features of Ab/SOD conjugates control delivery to cell surface vs. endosomes for optimal protection against extracellular vs. endosomal oxidative stress, respectively.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu L, Ji X, Zhao N, Song C, Wang F, Liu C. The conjugation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) to O-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (O-HTCC) enhances its therapeutic potential against radiation-induced oxidative damage. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py02025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel polymer–enzyme conjugate, O-HTCC–SOD, was prepared to improve the therapeutic potential of SOD in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Xiaohu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Chunxia Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250012
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine for common acute pathological conditions. J Control Release 2015; 219:576-595. [PMID: 26435455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium, a thin monolayer of specialized cells lining the lumen of blood vessels is the key regulatory interface between blood and tissues. Endothelial abnormalities are implicated in many diseases, including common acute conditions with high morbidity and mortality lacking therapy, in part because drugs and drug carriers have no natural endothelial affinity. Precise endothelial drug delivery may improve management of these conditions. Using ligands of molecules exposed to the bloodstream on the endothelial surface enables design of diverse targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Target molecules and binding epitopes must be accessible to drug carriers, carriers must be free of harmful effects, and targeting should provide desirable sub-cellular addressing of the drug cargo. The roster of current candidate target molecules for endothelial nanomedicine includes peptidases and other enzymes, cell adhesion molecules and integrins, localized in different domains of the endothelial plasmalemma and differentially distributed throughout the vasculature. Endowing carriers with an affinity to specific endothelial epitopes enables an unprecedented level of precision of control of drug delivery: binding to selected endothelial cell phenotypes, cellular addressing and duration of therapeutic effects. Features of nanocarrier design such as choice of epitope and ligand control delivery and effect of targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Pathological factors modulate endothelial targeting and uptake of nanocarriers. Selection of optimal binding sites and design features of nanocarriers are key controllable factors that can be iteratively engineered based on their performance from in vitro to pre-clinical in vivo experimental models. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects unattainable by non-targeted counterparts in animal models of common acute severe human disease conditions. The results of animal studies provide the basis for the challenging translation endothelial nanomedicine into the clinical domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yokota S, Itoh Y, Morio T, Sumitomo N, Daimaru K, Minota S. Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis under Treatment with Tocilizumab. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:712-22. [PMID: 25684767 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.140288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) undergoing tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment, and to confirm laboratory marker changes and responses to treatment in patients with MAS receiving TCZ. METHODS In Japan, 394 patients with sJIA were registered in an all-patient registry surveillance of TCZ as of January 15, 2012. TCZ (8 mg/kg) was administered every 2 weeks to patients with sJIA. MAS, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, or Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (EB-VAHS) was reported in 23 of these patients (25 events). The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA reviewed these cases and clinically evaluated the data and laboratory findings using their own therapeutic experience. Events were categorized into 4 groups: definitive MAS, probable MAS, EB-VAHS, and non-MAS. RESULTS The committee's review revealed 3 events of definitive MAS in 3 patients, 12 events of probable MAS in 11 patients, 2 events of EB-VAHS in 2 patients, and 8 events of non-MAS in 8 patients. There were 2 patients who developed 2 events: 2 events in 1 patient were classified into definitive MAS and probable MAS, and 2 events in another patient were classified into probable MAS. In patients with definitive or probable MAS, common clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of MAS were observed. Changes in laboratory data observed in patients with EB-VAHS were similar to those observed in patients with MAS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the clinical/laboratory features in the course of MAS appear to be similar among patients regardless of whether TCZ is administered. Similarities in the pathophysiological background of MAS and EB-VAHS were also suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Yokota
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School.
| | - Yasuhiko Itoh
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| | - Naokata Sumitomo
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| | - Kaori Daimaru
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| | - Seiji Minota
- From The Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA; Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo; Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.S. Yokota, MD, PhD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine; Y. Itoh, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School; T. Morio, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, TMDU Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; N. Sumitomo, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; K. Daimaru, BS, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; S. Minota, MD, the Safety Evaluation Committee of Tocilizumab for JIA, and the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ali ME, McConville JT, Lamprecht A. Pulmonary delivery of anti-inflammatory agents. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:929-45. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.993968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
31
|
Howard MD, Hood ED, Zern B, Shuvaev VV, Grosser T, Muzykantov VR. Nanocarriers for vascular delivery of anti-inflammatory agents. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 54:205-26. [PMID: 24392694 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-140002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for improved treatment of acute vascular inflammation in conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute lung injury, sepsis, and stroke. The vascular endothelium represents an important therapeutic target in these conditions. Furthermore, some anti-inflammatory agents (AIAs) (e.g., biotherapeutics) require precise delivery into subcellular compartments. In theory, optimized delivery to the desired site of action may improve the effects and enable new mechanisms of action of these AIAs. Diverse nanocarriers (NCs) and strategies for targeting them to endothelial cells have been designed and explored for this purpose. Studies in animal models suggest that delivery of AIAs using NCs may provide potent and specific molecular interventions in inflammatory pathways. However, the industrial development and clinical translation of complex NC-AIA formulations are challenging. Rigorous analysis of therapeutic/side effect and benefit/cost ratios is necessary to identify and optimize the approaches that may find clinical utility in the management of acute inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Howard
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104;
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li H, Gao A, Feng D, Wang Y, Zhang L, Cui Y, Li B, Wang Z, Chen G. Evaluation of the protective potential of brain microvascular endothelial cell autophagy on blood-brain barrier integrity during experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 5:618-26. [PMID: 25070048 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-014-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMVEC) injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is the initial phase of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which results in a poor prognosis for ischemic stroke patients. Autophagy occurs in ischemic brain and has been shown to exhibit protective effects on endothelial cell against stress. However, the potential effects of BMVEC autophagy on BBB permeability during I/R and the mechanisms underlying these effects have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, we answered these questions by using chemical modulators of autophagy, including rapamycin and lithium carbonate acting, respectively, as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent and mTOR-independent autophagy inducers and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) as an autophagy inhibitor. To mimic I/R injury, BMVECs were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), and a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was performed. All the drugs were given at 0.5 h before OGD/R or MCAO/R. First, enhancement of autophagy by rapamycin and lithium carbonate attenuated, whereas suppression of autophagy by 3-MA intensified BMVEC apoptosis and the high level of ROS induced by OGD/R. In addition, rapamycin and lithium carbonate pretreatments significantly reversed the decreased level of tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) induced by OGD/R and promoted the distribution of ZO-1 on cell membranes. Finally, pretreatments with rapamycin and lithium carbonate reduced evans blue extravasation and brain water content in the ischemic hemisphere of the rat. In contrast, 3-MA pretreatment exerted opposite effects both in vitro and in vivo. These results may indicate a beneficial effect of BMVEC autophagy on BBB integrity during I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ishihara T, Nara S, Mizushima T. Interactions of Lecithinized Superoxide Dismutase with Serum Proteins and Cells. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1987-1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
34
|
Howard MD, Hood ED, Greineder CF, Alferiev IS, Chorny M, Muzykantov V. Targeting to endothelial cells augments the protective effect of novel dual bioactive antioxidant/anti-inflammatory nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2262-70. [PMID: 24877560 PMCID: PMC4086738 DOI: 10.1021/mp400677y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are intertwined contributors to numerous acute vascular pathologies. A novel dual bioactive nanoparticle with antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties was developed based on the interactions of tocopherol phosphate and the manganese porphyrin SOD mimetic, MnTMPyP. The size and drug incorporation efficiency were shown to be dependent on the amount of MnTMPyP added as well as the choice of surfactant. MnTMPyP was shown to retain its SOD-like activity while in intact particles and to release in a slow and controlled manner. Conjugation of anti-PECAM antibody to the nanoparticles provided endothelial targeting and potentiated nanoparticle-mediated suppression of inflammatory activation of these cells manifested by expression of VCAM, E-selectin, and IL-8. This nanoparticle technology may find applicability with drug combinations relevant for other pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Howard
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Leus NGJ, Morselt HWM, Zwiers PJ, Kowalski PS, Ruiters MHJ, Molema G, Kamps JAAM. VCAM-1 specific PEGylated SAINT-based lipoplexes deliver siRNA to activated endothelium in vivo but do not attenuate target gene expression. Int J Pharm 2014; 469:121-31. [PMID: 24746643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years much research in RNA nanotechnology has been directed to develop an efficient and clinically suitable delivery system for short interfering RNA (siRNA). The current study describes the in vivo siRNA delivery using PEGylated antibody-targeted SAINT-based-lipoplexes (referred to as antibody-SAINTPEGarg/PEG2%), which showed superior siRNA delivery capacity and effective down-regulation of VE-cadherin gene expression in vitro in inflammation-activated primary endothelial cells of different vascular origins. PEGylation of antibody-SAINTPEGarg resulted in more desirable pharmacokinetic behavior than that of non-PEGylated antibody-SAINTPEGarg. To create specificity for inflammation-activated endothelial cells, antibodies against vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were employed. In TNFα-challenged mice, these intravenously administered anti-VCAM-1-SAINTPEGarg/PEG2% homed to VCAM-1 protein expressing vasculature. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that anti-VCAM-1-SAINTPEGarg/PEG2% co-localized with endothelial cells in lung postcapillary venules. Furthermore, they did not exert any liver and kidney toxicity. Yet, lack of in vivo gene silencing as assessed in whole lung and in laser microdissected lung microvascular segments indicates that in vivo internalization and/or intracellular trafficking of the delivery system and its cargo in the target cells are not sufficient, and needs further attention, emphasizing the essence of evaluating siRNA delivery systems in an appropriate in vivo animal model at an early stage in their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niek G J Leus
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte W M Morselt
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Zwiers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H J Ruiters
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands; Synvolux Therapeutics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Endothelial targeting of liposomes encapsulating SOD/catalase mimetic EUK-134 alleviates acute pulmonary inflammation. J Control Release 2014; 177:34-41. [PMID: 24412573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Production of excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular endothelium is a common pathogenic pathway in many dangerous conditions, including acute lung injury, ischemia-reperfusion, and inflammation. Ineffective delivery of antioxidants to the endothelium limits their utility for management of these conditions. In this study, we devised a novel translational antioxidant intervention targeted to the vascular endothelium using PEG-liposomes loaded with EUK-134 (EUK), a potent superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic. EUK loaded into antibody-coated liposomes (size 197.8±4.5 nm diameter, PDI 0.179±0.066) exerted partial activity in the intact carrier, while full activity was recovered upon liposome disruption. For targeting we used antibodies (Abs) to platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1). Both streptavidin-biotin and SATA/SMCC conjugation chemistries provided binding of 125-150 Ab molecules per liposome. Ab/EUK/liposomes, but not IgG/EUK/liposomes: i) bound to endothelial cells and inhibited cytokine-induced inflammatory activation in vitro; and, ii) accumulated in lungs after intravascular injection, providing >60% protection against pulmonary edema in endotoxin-challenged mice (vs <6% protection afforded by IgG/liposome/EUK counterpart). Since the design elements of this drug delivery system are already in clinical use (PEG-liposomes, antibodies, SATA/SMCC conjugation), it is an attractive candidate for translational interventions using antioxidant molecules such as EUK and other clinically acceptable drugs.
Collapse
|
37
|
Differential microRNA profiling in a cellular hypoxia reoxygenation model upon posthypoxic propofol treatment reveals alterations in autophagy signaling network. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:378484. [PMID: 24454982 PMCID: PMC3885199 DOI: 10.1155/2013/378484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that propofol may protect cells via suppressing autophagic cell death caused by excessive reactive oxygen species induced by hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R). It is established that gene expression patterns including autophagy-related genes changed significantly during the process of H/R in the presence or absence of propofol posthypoxia treatment (P-PostH). The reasons for such differences, however, remain largely unknown. MicroRNAs provide a novel mechanism for gene regulation. In the present study, we systematically analyzed the alterations in microRNA expression using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subjected to H/R in the presence or absence of posthypoxic propofol treatment. Genome-wide profiling of microRNAs was then conducted using microRNA microarray. Fourteen miRNAs are differentially expressed and six of them were validated by the quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) of which three were substantially increased, whereas one was decreased. To gain an unbiased global perspective on subsequent regulation by altered miRNAs, predicted targets of ten miRNAs were analyzed using the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to build signaling networks. Interestingly, six of the identified microRNAs are known to target autophagy-related genes. In conclusion, our results revealed that different miRNA expression patterns are induced by propofol posthypoxia treatment in H/R and the alterations in miRNA expression patterns are implicated in regulating distinctive autophagy-related gene expression.
Collapse
|
38
|
John-Africa LB, Yahaya TA, Isimi CY. Anti-ulcer and wound healing activities of Sida corymbosa in rats. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2013; 11:87-92. [PMID: 24653558 PMCID: PMC3957246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are strong beliefs in the efficacy of traditional medical systems worldwide. Many herbs have been acclaimed to possess antiulcer effects and could be unexplored sources of new lead compounds. Sida corymbosa R. E. Fries (Malvaceae) is used in Northern Nigeria to treat ulcers and wounds. This work aimed to investigate the usefulness of Sida corymbosa in treatments of stomach ulcers and wounds in traditional medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effect of the aqueous extract was determined on gastric ulceration, rate of wound healing and inflammation using ethanol-induced and diclofenac-induced ulceration, wound excision model and albumin-induced inflammation respectively in rats. RESULTS The study demonstrated the anti-ulcer activity of Sida corymbosa as the extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent, significant (P<0.05) reduction of ulcer indices against gastric ulcers induced by both ethanol and diclofenac. Topical application of a formulation prepared with the extract of Sida corymbosa on surgically created incisions produced an increase in the rate of healing of the wounds. The extract of Sida corymbosa exhibited a significant (P < 0.05), dose-related decrease in inflammation induced by fresh egg albumin. This study showed that Sida corymbosa has constituents with the ability to reduce the severity of haemorrhagic gastric lesions, promote wound healing and reduce inflammation. These actions may be attributed to any one of the active constituents or as a result of synergistic effects of these phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION This study validates the use of the plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of stomach ulcers and wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Binda John-Africa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja
| | - Tijani Adeniyi Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja
| | - Christianah Yetunde Isimi
- Department of Raw Materials Research and Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shuvaev VV, Han J, Tliba S, Arguiri E, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Ramirez SH, Dykstra H, Persidsky Y, Atochin DN, Huang PL, Muzykantov VR. Anti-inflammatory effect of targeted delivery of SOD to endothelium: mechanism, synergism with NO donors and protective effects in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77002. [PMID: 24146950 PMCID: PMC3795626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory activation of vascular endothelium is implicated in pathogenesis of severe conditions including stroke, infarction and sepsis. We have recently reported that superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated with antibodies (Ab/SOD) that provide targeted delivery into endothelial endosomes mitigates inflammatory endothelial activation by cytokines and agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLR). The goal of this study was to appraise potential utility and define the mechanism of this effect. Ab/SOD, but not non-targeted SOD injected in mice alleviated endotoxin-induced leukocyte adhesion in the cerebral vasculature and protected brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transfection of endothelial cells with SOD, but not catalase inhibited NFκB signaling and expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 induced by both cytokines and TLR agonists. These results affirmed that Ab/SOD-quenched superoxide anion produced by endothelial cells in response to proinflammatory agents mediates NFκB activation. Furthermore, Ab/SOD potentiates anti-inflammatory effect of NO donors in endothelial cells in vitro, as well as in the endotoxin-challenged mice. These results demonstrate the central role of intracellular superoxide as a mediator of pro-inflammatory activation of endothelium and support the notion of utility of targeted interception of this signaling pathway for management of acute vascular inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Endothelial cells represent important targets for therapeutic and diagnostic interventions in many cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. Targeted delivery of drugs (especially potent and labile biotherapeutics that require specific subcellular addressing) and imaging probes to endothelium holds promise to improve management of these maladies. In order to achieve this goal, drug cargoes or their carriers including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles are chemically conjugated or fused using recombinant techniques with affinity ligands of endothelial surface molecules. Cell adhesion molecules, constitutively expressed on the endothelial surface and exposed on the surface of pathologically altered endothelium—selectins, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, and ICAM-1—represent good determinants for such a delivery. In particular, PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 meet criteria of accessibility, safety, and relevance to the (patho)physiological context of treatment of inflammation, ischemia, and thrombosis and offer a unique combination of targeting options including surface anchoring as well as intra- and transcellular targeting, modulated by parameters of the design of drug delivery system and local biological factors including flow and endothelial phenotype. This review includes analysis of these factors and examples of targeting selected classes of therapeutics showing promising results in animal studies, supporting translational potential of these interventions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Southerland KW, Frazier SB, Bowles DE, Milano CA, Kontos CD. Gene therapy for the prevention of vein graft disease. Transl Res 2013; 161:321-38. [PMID: 23274305 PMCID: PMC3602161 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in the medical management of atherosclerosis over the past several decades, many patients require arterial revascularization to reduce mortality and alleviate ischemic symptoms. Technological advancements have led to dramatic increases in the use of percutaneous and endovascular approaches, yet surgical revascularization (bypass surgery) with autologous vein grafts remains a mainstay of therapy for both coronary and peripheral artery disease. Although bypass surgery is highly efficacious in the short term, long-term outcomes are limited by relatively high failure rates as a result of intimal hyperplasia, which is a common feature of vein graft disease. The supply of native veins is limited, and many individuals require multiple grafts and repeat procedures. The need to prevent vein graft failure has led to great interest in gene therapy approaches to this problem. Bypass grafting presents an ideal opportunity for gene therapy, as surgically harvested vein grafts can be treated with gene delivery vectors ex vivo, thereby maximizing gene delivery while minimizing the potential for systemic toxicity and targeting the pathogenesis of vein graft disease at its onset. Here we will review the pathogenesis of vein graft disease and discuss vector delivery strategies and potential molecular targets for its prevention. We will summarize the preclinical and clinical literature on gene therapy in vein grafting and discuss additional considerations for future therapies to prevent vein graft disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Southerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tong J, Yi X, Luxenhofer R, Banks WA, Jordan R, Zimmerman MC, Kabanov AV. Conjugates of superoxide dismutase 1 with amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymers for enhanced brain delivery: synthesis, characterization and evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:360-77. [PMID: 23163230 DOI: 10.1021/mp300496x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) efficiently catalyzes dismutation of superoxide, but its poor delivery to the target sites in the body, such as brain, hinders its use as a therapeutic agent for superoxide-associated disorders. Here to enhance the delivery of SOD1 across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in neurons the enzyme was conjugated with poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) block copolymers, P(MeOx-b-BuOx) or P(EtOx-b-BuOx), composed of (1) hydrophilic 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOx) or 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and (2) hydrophobic 2-butyl-2-oxazoline (BuOx) repeating units. The conjugates contained from 2 to 3 POx chains joining the protein amino groups via cleavable -(ss)- or noncleavable -(cc)- linkers at the BuOx block terminus. They retained 30% to 50% of initial SOD1 activity, were conformationally and thermally stable, and assembled in 8 or 20 nm aggregates in aqueous solution. They had little if any toxicity to CATH.a neurons and displayed enhanced uptake in these neurons as compared to native or PEGylated SOD1. Of the two conjugates, SOD1-(cc)-P(MeOx-b-BuOx) and SOD1-(cc)-P(EtOx-b-BuOx), compared, the latter was entering cells 4 to 7 times faster and at 6 h colocalized predominantly with endoplasmic reticulum (41 ± 3%) and mitochondria (21 ± 2%). Colocalization with endocytosis markers and pathway inhibition assays suggested that it was internalized through lipid raft/caveolae, also employed by the P(EtOx-b-BuOx) copolymer. The SOD activity in cell lysates and ability to attenuate angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide in live cells were increased for this conjugate compared to SOD1 and PEG-SOD1. Studies in mice showed that SOD1-POx had ca. 1.75 times longer half-life in blood than native SOD1 (28.4 vs 15.9 min) and after iv administration penetrated the BBB significantly faster than albumin to accumulate in brain parenchyma. The conjugate maintained high stability both in serum and in brain (77% vs 84% at 1 h postinjection). Its amount taken up by the brain reached a maximum value of 0.08% ID/g (percent of the injected dose taken up per gram of brain) 4 h postinjection. The entry of SOD1-(cc)-P(EtOx-b-BuOx) to the brain was mediated by a nonsaturable mechanism. Altogether, SOD1-POx conjugates are promising candidates as macromolecular antioxidant therapies for superoxide-associated diseases such as Ang II-induced neurocardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tong
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Westphalen K, Monma E, Islam MN, Bhattacharya J. Acid contact in the rodent pulmonary alveolus causes proinflammatory signaling by membrane pore formation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L107-16. [PMID: 22561462 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00206.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gastric acid aspiration causes rapid lung inflammation and acute lung injury, the initiating mechanisms are not known. To determine alveolar epithelial responses to acid, we viewed live alveoli of the isolated lung by fluorescence microscopy, then we microinjected the alveoli with HCl at pH of 1.5. The microinjection caused an immediate but transient formation of molecule-scale pores in the apical alveolar membrane, resulting in loss of cytosolic dye. However, the membrane rapidly resealed. There was no cell damage and no further dye loss despite continuous HCl injection. Concomitantly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased in the adjacent perialveolar microvascular endothelium in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. By contrast, ROS did not increase in wild-type mice in which we gave intra-alveolar injections of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase, in mice overexpressing alveolar catalase, or in mice lacking functional NADPH oxidase (Nox2). Together, our findings indicate the presence of an unusual proinflammatory mechanism in which alveolar contact with acid caused membrane pore formation. The effect, although transient, was nevertheless sufficient to induce Ca(2+) entry and Nox2-dependent H(2)O(2) release from the alveolar epithelium. These responses identify alveolar H(2)O(2) release as the signaling mechanism responsible for lung inflammation induced by acid and suggest that intra-alveolar PEG-catalase might be therapeutic in acid-induced lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Westphalen
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Han J, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR. Targeted interception of signaling reactive oxygen species in the vascular endothelium. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:263-76. [PMID: 22834201 PMCID: PMC5333711 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated as injurious and as signaling agents in human maladies including inflammation, hyperoxia, ischemia-reperfusion and acute lung injury. ROS produced by the endothelium play an important role in vascular pathology. They quench, for example, nitric oxide, and mediate pro-inflammatory signaling. Antioxidant interventions targeted for the vascular endothelium may help to control these mechanisms. Animal studies have demonstrated superiority of targeting ROS-quenching enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase to endothelial cells over nontargeted formulations. A diverse arsenal of targeted antioxidant formulations devised in the last decade shows promising results for specific quenching of endothelial ROS. In addition to alleviation of toxic effects of excessive ROS, these targeted interventions suppress pro-inflammatory mechanisms, including endothelial cytokine activation and barrier disruption. These interventions may prove useful in experimental biomedicine and, perhaps, in translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Han
- Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics & Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRC 10–125, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104–5158, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics & Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRC 10–125, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104–5158, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics & Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRC 10–125, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104–5158, USA
| |
Collapse
|