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Ma P, He M, Lian H, Li J, Gao Y, Wu J, Men K, Men Y, Li C. Systemic and Local Administration of a Dual-siRNA Complex Efficiently Inhibits Tumor Growth and Bone Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:661-676. [PMID: 38175819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for nearly 90% of oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases and is characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. RNA-based gene therapies have been developed as an emerging option for cancer treatment, but it has not been widely explored in OSCC. In this work, we developed an efficient siRNA cationic micelle DOTAP-mPEG-PCL (DMP) by self-assembling the cationic lipid DOTAP and monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) polymer. We tested the characteristics and transformation efficiency of this micelle and combined DMP with siRNA targeting STAT3 and TGF-β to evaluate the antitumor effect and bone invasion interfering in vitro and in vivo. The average size of the DMP was 28.27 ± 1.62 nm with an average zeta potential of 54.60 ± 0.29 mV. The DMP/siRNA complex showed high delivery efficiency, with rates of 97.47 ± 0.42% for HSC-3. In vitro, the DMP/siSTAT3 complex exhibited an obvious cell growth inhibition effect detected by MTT assay (an average cell viability of 25.1%) and clonogenic assay (an average inhibition rate of 51.9%). Besides, the supernatant from HSC-3 transfected by DMP/siTGF-β complexes was found to interfere with osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Irrespective of local or systemic administration, DMP/siSTAT3+siTGF-β showed antitumor effects and bone invasion inhibition in the OSCC mice mandibular invasion model according to tumor volume assays and Micro-CT scanning. The complex constructed by DMP cationic micelles and siSTAT3+siTGF-β represents a potential RNA-based gene therapy delivery system for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Mingxia He
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Medicine, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, China
| | - Haosen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Jingmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - Jieping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - Ke Men
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan China
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Liu H, Huang Y, Li Z, Han S, Liu T, Zhao Q. An innovative gene expression modulating strategy by converting nucleic acids into HNC therapeutics using carrier-free nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1343428. [PMID: 38274829 PMCID: PMC10808498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1343428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cell fate and microenvironmental changes resulting from aberrant expression of specific proteins in tumors are one of the major causes of inadequate anti-tumor immune response and poor prognosis in head and neck cancer (HNC). Eukaryotic initiation factor 3C (eIF3c) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for HNC due to its ability to regulate protein expression levels in tumor cells, but its drug development is difficult to achieve by targeting traditional protein-protein interactions. siRNA has emerged as a highly promising modality for drug development targeting eIF3c, while its application is hindered by challenges pertaining to inadequate stability and insufficient concentration specifically within tumor sites. Method We employed a method to convert flexible siRNAs into stable and biologically active infinite Auric-sulfhydryl coordination supramolecular siRNAs (IacsRNAs). Through coordinated self-assembly, we successfully transformed eIF3C siRNAs into the carrier-free HNC nanotherapeutic agent Iacs-eif3c-RNA. The efficacy of this agent was evaluated in vivo using HNC xenograft models, demonstrating promising antitumor effects. Results Iacs-eif3c-RNA demonstrated the ability to overcome the pharmacological obstacle associated with targeting eIF3C, resulting in a significant reduction in eIF3C expression within tumor tissues, as well as effective tumor cell proliferating suppression and apoptosis promotion. In comparison to monotherapy utilizing the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, Iacs-eif3c-RNA exhibited superior anti-tumor efficacy and favorable biosafety. Conclusion The utilization of Iacs-eif3c-RNA as a carrier-free nanotherapeutic agent presents a promising and innovative approach for addressing HNC treating challenges. Moreover, this strategy demonstrates potential for the translation of therapeutic siRNAs into clinical drugs, extending its applicability to the treatment of other cancers and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyuan Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinong Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Lin JC, Liu TP, Chen YB, Huang TS, Chen TY, Yang PM. Inhibition of CDK9 exhibits anticancer activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting ribonucleotide reductase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 471:116568. [PMID: 37245555 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitors are a novel category of anticancer treatment for cancers. However, their effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rarely investigated. Human ribonucleotide reductase (RR, which consists of RRM1 and RRM2 subunits) catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphate into 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate to maintain the homeostasis of nucleotide pools, which play essential roles in DNA synthesis and DNA repair. In this study, we identified that CDK9 protein expression in adjacent non-tumor tissues predicted HCC patients' overall and progression-free survivals. The anticancer activity of a CDK9-selective inhibitor, LDC000067, on HCC cells was positively associated with its ability to inhibit the expression of RRM1 and RRM2. LDC000067 downregulated RRM1 and RRM2 expression through post-transcriptional pathway. Specifically, LDC000067 triggered RRM2 protein degradation via multiple pathways, including proteasome-, lysosome-, and calcium-dependent pathways. Furthermore, CDK9 positively correlates with RRM1 or RRM2 expression in HCC patients, and the expressions of these three genes were associated with the higher infiltration of immune cells in HCC. Taken together, this study identified the prognostic relevance of CDK9 in HCC and the molecular mechanism for the anticancer effect of CDK9 inhibitors on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Chang Lin
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; Liver Medical Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Pai Liu
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; Liver Medical Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Bin Chen
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Sung Huang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; Liver Medical Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- Liver Medical Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; TMU and Affiliated Hospitals Pancreatic Cancer Groups, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Briscik M, Dillies MA, Déjean S. Improvement of variables interpretability in kernel PCA. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:282. [PMID: 37438763 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kernel methods have been proven to be a powerful tool for the integration and analysis of high-throughput technologies generated data. Kernels offer a nonlinear version of any linear algorithm solely based on dot products. The kernelized version of principal component analysis is a valid nonlinear alternative to tackle the nonlinearity of biological sample spaces. This paper proposes a novel methodology to obtain a data-driven feature importance based on the kernel PCA representation of the data. RESULTS The proposed method, kernel PCA Interpretable Gradient (KPCA-IG), provides a data-driven feature importance that is computationally fast and based solely on linear algebra calculations. It has been compared with existing methods on three benchmark datasets. The accuracy obtained using KPCA-IG selected features is equal to or greater than the other methods' average. Also, the computational complexity required demonstrates the high efficiency of the method. An exhaustive literature search has been conducted on the selected genes from a publicly available Hepatocellular carcinoma dataset to validate the retained features from a biological point of view. The results once again remark on the appropriateness of the computed ranking. CONCLUSIONS The black-box nature of kernel PCA needs new methods to interpret the original features. Our proposed methodology KPCA-IG proved to be a valid alternative to select influential variables in high-dimensional high-throughput datasets, potentially unravelling new biological and medical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitja Briscik
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Cedex 9, 31062, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marie-Agnès Dillies
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Déjean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Cedex 9, 31062, Toulouse, France
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Kurakula H, Vaishnavi S, Sharif MY, Ellipilli S. Emergence of Small Interfering RNA-Based Gene Drugs for Various Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20234-20250. [PMID: 37323391 PMCID: PMC10268023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule, peptide, and protein-based drugs have been developed over decades to treat various diseases. The importance of gene therapy as an alternative to traditional drugs has increased after the discovery of gene-based drugs such as Gendicine for cancer and Neovasculgen for peripheral artery disease. Since then, the pharma sector is focusing on developing gene-based drugs for various diseases. After the discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, the development of siRNA-based gene therapy has been accelerated immensely. siRNA-based treatment for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) using Onpattro and acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) by Givlaari and three more FDA-approved siRNA drugs has set up a milestone and further improved the confidence for the development of gene therapeutics for a spectrum of diseases. siRNA-based gene drugs have more advantages over other gene therapies and are under study to treat different types of diseases such as viral infections, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and many more. However, there are a few bottlenecks to realizing the full potential of siRNA-based gene therapy. They include chemical instability, nontargeted biodistribution, undesirable innate immune responses, and off-target effects. This review provides a comprehensive view of siRNA-based gene drugs: challenges associated with siRNA delivery, their potential, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Kurakula
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Swetha Vaishnavi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Mohammed Yaseen Sharif
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
| | - Satheesh Ellipilli
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India
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Ma P, Li J, Gao Y, Wu J, Men K, Li C, Men Y, Duan X. Local and Systemic Delivery of the BimS Gene Nano-Complex for Efficient Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2925-2941. [PMID: 35814613 PMCID: PMC9270013 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s357702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Men
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Men, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Xingmei Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People’s Republic of China
- Xingmei Duan, Department of Pharmacy Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Hattab D, Gazzali AM, Bakhtiar A. Clinical Advances of siRNA-Based Nanotherapeutics for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1009. [PMID: 34371702 PMCID: PMC8309123 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with single or multiple gene defects. Recently, much research has focused on incorporating genetic materials as one of the means to treat various types of carcinomas. RNA interference (RNAi) conveys an alternative genetic approach for cancer patients, especially when conventional medications fail. RNAi involves the inhibition of expression of specific messenger RNA that signals for uncontrollable cell growth and proliferation, most notably with carcinoma cells. This molecular technology is promising as genetic materials allow us to overcome issues associated with chemotherapeutic agents including organ damage associated with severe drug toxicities. Nonetheless, vast challenges impede successful gene therapy application, including low tumor localization, low stability and rapid clearance from the blood circulation. Owing to the limited treatment opportunities for the management of cancer, the development of effective siRNA carrier systems involving nanotherapeutics has been extensively explored. Over the past years, several siRNA nanotherapeutics have undergone a period of clinical investigation, with some demonstrating promising antitumor activities and safety profiles. Extensive observation of siRNA-nanoparticles is necessary to ensure commercial success. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the progress of siRNAs-loaded nanoparticles that have undergone clinical trials for cancer treatment. The status of the siRNA nanotherapeutics is discussed, allowing comprehensive understanding of their gene-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Hattab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Athirah Bakhtiar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Taheri M, Shirvani Farsani Z. MicroRNA profile in the squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic and diagnostic roles. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05436. [PMID: 33204886 PMCID: PMC7653070 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are human malignancies associated with both genetic and environmental factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a group of small non-coding RNAs have prominent roles in the development of this kind of cancer. Expressions of several miRNAs have been demonstrated to be increased in HNSCC samples vs. non-malignant tissues. In silico prediction tools and functional analyses have confirmed the function of some miRNAs in the modulation of cancer-associated targets, thus indicating these miRNAs as onco-miRs. Moreover, numerous miRNAs have been down-regulated in HNSCC samples. Their targets mostly enhance cell proliferation or inhibit apoptosis. miRNAs signature has practical implications in the diagnosis, staging, and management of HNSC. Most notably, numerous miRNAs have been shown to alter response of tumor cells to anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin. Circulating levels of these small transcripts have been suggested as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of HNSCC. In the present manuscript, we sum up the available literature regarding the miRNAs signature in HNSCC and their role as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
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Nie C, Ma H, Gao Y, Li J, Tang Z, Chen Y, Lu R. RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatic Analysis on Retinoblastoma Revealing that Cell Cycle Deregulation Is a Key Process in Retinoblastoma Tumorigenesis. Ophthalmologica 2020; 244:51-59. [PMID: 32146475 DOI: 10.1159/000506993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoblastoma (RB) is a primary pediatric ocular malignancy that can be fatal with inadequate treatment. While multimodal treatments are applied for eye salvage, vision loss and metastasis can occur in some patients. The present study aimed to explore key pathways and factors in RB pathogenesis, which could be potential targets for novel RB treatments. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on three RB tissues and referenced with three normal retinas. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from sequencing data and further analyzed with clustering analysis, function and pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and data-mining analysis in order to screen for tumorigenic relevancy. RESULTS A total of 331 DEGs were identified by clustering analysis of RB tissues, and the expression patterns were significantly distinguishable from normal retinas. Function and pathway enrichment and PPI analysis together showed that cell cycle was the most prominently upregulated pathway found in RB tissues. Following comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, six key genes relevant to cell cycle regulation were identified, namely BUB1, RRM2, TPX2, UBE2C, NUSAP1, and DTL. CONCLUSIONS Cell cycle pathway and six relevant genes may be potential key factors in RB tumorigenesis and laying the foundation for prospective investigation on development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Nie
- Department of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmiao Li
- Department of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Tang
- Department of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,
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Yang PM, Lin LS, Liu TP. Sorafenib Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase Regulatory Subunit M2 (RRM2) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010117. [PMID: 31936661 PMCID: PMC7022495 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are surgical resection and liver transplantation, which only benefits 15% to 25% of patients. In addition, HCC is highly refractory and resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although several multi-kinase inhibitors, such as sorafenib, regorafenib, and lenvatinib, have been approved for treating advanced HCC, only a short increase of median overall survival in HCC patients was achieved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design more effective strategies for advanced HCC patients. Human ribonucleotide reductase is responsible for the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphate to 2′-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate to maintain the homeostasis of nucleotide pools. In this study, mining the cancer genomics and proteomics data revealed that ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) serves as a prognosis biomarker and a therapeutic target for HCC. The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis and public microarray data mining found that RRM2 was a novel molecular target of sorafenib in HCC cells. In vitro experiments validated that sorafenib inhibits RRM2 expression in HCC cells, which is positively associated with the anticancer activity of sorafenib. Although both RRM2 knockdown and sorafenib induced autophagy in HCC cells, restoration of RRM2 expression did not rescue HCC cells from sorafenib-induced autophagy and growth inhibition. However, long-term colony formation assay indicated that RRM2 overexpression partially rescues HCC cells from the cytotoxicity of sorafenib. Therefore, this study identifies that RRM2 is a novel target of sorafenib, partially contributing to its anticancer activity in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ming Yang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Li-Shan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Pai Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Liver Medical Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 9)
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Sharma A, Kumar P, Ambasta RK. Cancer Fighting SiRNA-RRM2 Loaded Nanorobots. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 8:79-90. [PMID: 32003677 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666200128120142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silencing of several genes is critical for cancer therapy. These genes may be apoptotic gene, cell proliferation gene, DNA synthesis gene, etc. The two subunits of Ribonucleotide Reductase (RR), RRM1 and RRM2, are critical for DNA synthesis. Hence, targeting the blockage of DNA synthesis at tumor site can be a smart mode of cancer therapy. Specific targeting of blockage of RRM2 is done effectively by SiRNA. The drawbacks of siRNA delivery in the body include the poor uptake by all kinds of cells, questionable stability under physiological condition, non-target effect and ability to trigger the immune response. These obstacles may be overcome by target delivery of siRNA at the tumor site. This review presents a holistic overview regarding the role of RRM2 in controlling cancer progression. The nanoparticles are more effective due to specific characteristics like cell membrane penetration capacity, less toxicity, etc. RRM2 have been found to be elevated in different types of cancer and identified as the prognostic and predictive marker of the disease. Reductase RRM1 and RRM2 regulate the protein and gene expression of E2F, which is critical for protein expression and progression of cell cycle and cancer. The knockdown of RRM2 leads to apoptosis via Bcl2 in cancer. Both Bcl2 and E2F are critical in the progression of cancer, hence a gene that can affect both in regulating DNA replication is essential for cancer therapy. AIM The aim of the review is to identify the related gene whose silencing may inhibit cancer progression. CONCLUSION In this review, we illuminate the critical link between RRM-E2F, RRM-Bcl2, RRM-HDAC for the therapy of cancer. Altogether, this review presents an overview of all types of SiRNA targeted for cancer therapy with special emphasis on RRM2 for controlling the tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TN, India
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Functional Genomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, DTU, Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Functional Genomics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, DTU, Delhi, India
- CSIR Scientific Pool Officer, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
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Zhong G, Lou W, Yao M, Du C, Wei H, Fu P. Identification of novel mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA competing endogenous RNA network associated with prognosis of breast cancer. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1501-1518. [PMID: 31502865 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network related to patients prognosis in breast cancer. Materials & methods: Dysregulated mRNA based on intersection of three Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results: In total 72 upregulated and 208 downregulated genes were identified. Functional analysis showed that some pathways related to cancer were significantly enriched. By means of stepwise reverse prediction and validation from mRNA to lncRNA, 19 hub genes, nine key miRNA and four key lncRNAs were identified by expression and survival analysis. Ultimately, the coexpression analysis identified RRM2-let-7a-5p-SNHG16/MAL2 as key ceRNA subnetwork associated with prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion: We successfully constructed a novel ceRNA network, among which each component was significantly associated with breast cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guansheng Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Minya Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Chengyong Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Peifen Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
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Liu C, Li Y, Hu R, Han W, Gao S. Knockdown of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 increases the drug sensitivity of chronic myeloid leukemia to imatinib‑based therapy. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:571-580. [PMID: 31233186 PMCID: PMC6610035 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib-based targeted treatment is the standard therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); however, drug resistance is an inevitable issue for imatinib-based CML treatment. Imatinib resistance can be ascribed to Bcr-Abl-dependent and independent resistance. In the present study, peripheral blood samples were collected from imatinib-sensitive (IS) and imatinib-resistant (IR) CML patients and transcriptome sequencing was carried out. From the RNA-seq data, a significantly altered IR-related gene (IRG), ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2) was identified. Using real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (qF-PCR), we found that RRM2 was elevated in both IR CML patients and an IR cell line. Using reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis, we indicated that imatinib can increase RRM2 level in a dose-dependent manner in IR cells. We also demonstrated that RRM2 is involved in the Bcl-2/caspase cell apoptotic pathway and in the Akt cell signaling pathway, and therefore affects the cell survival following imatinib therapy. The present study, for the first time, indicates that RRM2 is responsible for drug resistance in imatinib-based therapy. Therefore, RRM2 gene can be considered as a potential therapeutic target in the clinical treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Glioblastoma through Bioinformatic Analysis and Evaluating Their Prognostic Value. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6581576. [PMID: 31119182 PMCID: PMC6500689 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6581576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a common malignant tumor in the central nervous system with an extremely poor outcome; understanding the mechanisms of glioblastoma at the molecular level is essential for clinical treatment. In the present study, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify potential biomarkers associated with prognosis in glioblastoma and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The result revealed that 552 common genes were differentially expressed between glioblastoma and normal tissues based on TCGA, GSE4290, and GSE 50161 datasets. Gene Oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were carried out to gain insight into the actions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). As a result, 20 genes (CALB1, CDC20, CDCA8, CDK1, CEP55, DLGAP5, KIF20A, KIF4A, NDC80, PBK, RRM2, SYN1, SYP, SYT1, TPX2, TTK, VEGFA, BDNF, GNG3, and TOP2A) were found as hub genes via CytoHubba in Cytoscape and functioned mainly by participating in cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway; among them, RRM2 and CEP55 were considered to have relationship with the prognosis of glioblastoma, especially RRM2. High expression of RRM2 was consistent with shorter overall survival time. In conclusion, our study displayed the bioinformatic analysis methods in screening potential oncogenes in glioblastoma and underlying mechanisms. What is more is that we successfully identified RRM2 as a novel biomarker linked with prognosis, which might be expected to be a promising target for the therapy of glioblastoma.
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Cai W, Lv W, Feng Y, Yang H, Zhang Y, Yang G, Duan Y, Wang J. The therapeutic effect in gliomas of nanobubbles carrying siRNA combined with ultrasound-targeted destruction. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6791-6807. [PMID: 30425489 PMCID: PMC6205539 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanobubbles (NBs) combined with ultrasound-targeted destruction (UTD) have become promising potential carriers for drug or siRNA delivery. Due to their nano-size, NBs could penetrate tumor blood vessels and accumulate in intercellular spaces so that "sonoporation" induced by UTD would act directly on the tumor cells to increase cell membrane permeability. Methods Based on the successful the fabrication of NBs, we synthesized NBs carrying siRNA (NBs-siRNA) by using a biotin-streptavidin system. We then utilized ultrasound irradiation (UI)-targeted NBs-siRNA to improve siRNA transfection and achieve the inhibition of glioma growth. Results NBs as carriers combined with UI effectively enhanced siRNA transfection and the effect of silencing targeted genes in vitro. Additionally, a better therapeutic effect was shown in the NBs-siRNA with UI group in vivo compared with that of microbubbles (MBs) with UI or NBs-siRNA without UI. Conclusion These results indicated that NBs combined with UTD might be an ideal delivery vector for siRNA to achieve the noninvasive treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Cai
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China, ; .,General Hospital of Tibet Military Command, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, 850007, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China, ; .,Department of Radiology, 305 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100017, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Xijing Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hengli Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China, ;
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China, ;
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yunyou Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China, ;
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tang Du Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China, ;
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siRNA Knockdown of RRM2 Effectively Suppressed Pancreatic Tumor Growth Alone or Synergistically with Doxorubicin. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:805-816. [PMID: 30153565 PMCID: PMC6118156 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently one of the deadliest of the solid malignancies, whose incidence and death rates are increasing consistently during the past 30 years. Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides, which are essential for DNA synthesis and replication. In this study, 23 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against RRM2, the second subunit of RR, were designed and screened, and one of them (termed siRRM2), with high potency and good RNase-resistant capability, was selected. Transfection of siRRM2 into PANC-1, a pancreatic cell line, dramatically repressed the formation of cell colonies by inducing remarkable cell-cycle arrest at S-phase. When combining with doxorubicin (DOX), siRRM2 improved the efficacy 4 times more than applying DOX alone, suggesting a synergistic effect of siRRM2 and DOX. Moreover, the combined application of siRRM2-loaded lipid nanoparticle and DOX significantly suppressed the tumor growth on the PANC-1 xenografted murine model. The inhibition efficiency revealed by tumor weight at the endpoint of the treatment reached more than 40%. Hence, siRRM2 effectively suppressed pancreatic tumor growth alone or synergistically with DOX. This study provides a feasible target gene, a drug-viable siRNA, and a promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Li C, Zheng J, Chen S, Huang B, Li G, Feng Z, Wang J, Xu S. RRM2 promotes the progression of human glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6759-6767. [PMID: 29667764 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma pathogenesis is related to multiple processes that affected by dozens of regulatory factors, but the potential underlying factors regulating glioblastoma progression remains unclear. The goal of this research was to determine how the ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit (RRM2) influenced proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of human glioblastoma cells. The level of proliferation of human glioblastoma cells was measured through CCK8, colony formation assay and immunofluorescence stains. Flow cytometry (FCM), wound healing, and transwell assays were conducted to detect cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Apoptotic level of cells and invasion-related expression of protein were measured by Western blot. Xenograft tumor model was established to confirm effect of RRM2 on the proliferation of human glioblastoma cells in vivo. Silencing RRM2 inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioblastoma cells whereas enhanced apoptosis rate. Overexpressing RRM2 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion but suppressed apoptosis. In vivo, Overexpressing RRM2 accelerated the tumor growth in glioblastoma cells. The present study illustrated that RRM2 was overexpressed in human glioblastoma cells. RRM2 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion but inhibited apoptosis of human glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingfang Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Jiwei Wang
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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18
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Rahman MA, Wang P, Zhao Z, Wang D, Nannapaneni S, Zhang C, Chen Z, Griffith CC, Hurwitz SJ, Chen ZG, Ke Y, Shin DM. Systemic Delivery of Bc12-Targeting siRNA by DNA Nanoparticles Suppresses Cancer Cell Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16023-16027. [PMID: 29076273 PMCID: PMC7254864 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising molecular tool for cancer therapy, but its clinical success is limited by the lack of robust in vivo delivery systems. Rationally designed DNA nanoparticles (DNPs) have emerged as facile delivery vehicles because their physicochemical properties can be precisely controlled. Nonetheless, few studies have used DNPs to deliver siRNAs in vivo, and none has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we constructed a number of DNPs of rectangular and tubular shapes with varied dimensions using the modular DNA brick method for the systemic delivery of siRNA that targets anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. The siRNA delivered by the DNPs inhibited cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, which suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft model that specifically correlated with Bcl2 depletion. This study suggests that DNPs are effective tools for the systemic delivery of therapeutic siRNA and have great potential for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminur Rahman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhixiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Central South University, 932 Lushan S Rd, Yuelu Qu, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sreenivas Nannapaneni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Selwyn J Hurwitz
- Department of Paediatrics, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Systemic Delivery of Bc12-Targeting siRNA by DNA Nanoparticles Suppresses Cancer Cell Growth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Engineered polymeric nanoparticles to guide the cellular internalization and trafficking of small interfering ribonucleic acids. J Control Release 2017; 259:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Folic acid-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer exhibits high tumor uptake and sustained highly localized retention in solid tumors: Its utility for local siRNA delivery. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:251-261. [PMID: 28438704 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The utility of folic acid (FA)-decorated polyamidoamine dendrimer G4 (G4-FA) as a vector was investigated for local delivery of siRNA. In a xenograft HN12 (or HN12-YFP) tumor mouse model of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), intratumorally (i.t.) injected G4-FA exhibited high tumor uptake and sustained highly localized retention in the tumors according to near infrared (NIR) imaging assessment. siRNA against vascular endothelial growth factor A (siVEGFA) was chosen as a therapeutic modality. Compared to the nontherapeutic treatment groups (PBS solution or dendrimer complexed with nontherapeutic siRNA against green fluorescent protein (siGFP)), G4-FA/siVEGFA showed tumor inhibition effects in single-dose and two-dose regimen studies. In particular, two doses of G4-FA/siVEGFA i.t. administered eight days apart resulted in a more profound inhibition of tumor growth, accompanied with significant reduction in angiogenesis, as judged by CD31 staining and microvessel counts. Tumor size reduction in the two-dose regimen study was ascertained semi-quantitatively by live fluorescence imaging of YFP tumors and independently supported antitumor effects of G4-FA/siVEGFA. Taken together, G4-FA shows high tumor uptake and sustained retention properties, making it a suitable platform for local delivery of siRNAs to treat cancers that are readily accessible such as HNSCC. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and is difficult to transfect for gene therapy. We developed folate receptor (FR)-targeted polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer for enhanced delivery of genes to HNSCC and gained in-depth understanding of how gene delivery and transfection in head and neck squamous cancer cells can be enhanced via FR-targeted PAMAM dendrimers. The results we report here are encouraging and present latest advances in using dendrimers for cancer therapies, in particular for HNSCC. Our work has demonstrated that localized delivery of FR-targeted PAMAM dendrimer G4 complexed with siVEGFA resulted in pronounced tumor suppression in an HN12 xenograft tumor model. Tumor suppression was attributed to enhanced tumor uptake of siRNA and prolonged nanoparticle retention in the tumor. Taken together, G4-FA shows high tumor uptake and sustained highly localized retention properties, making it a suitable platform for local delivery of siRNAs to treat cancers that are readily accessible such as HNSCC.
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Yang C, Gao S, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Jakobsen M, Kjems J. Impact of PEG Chain Length on the Physical Properties and Bioactivity of PEGylated Chitosan/siRNA Nanoparticles in Vitro and in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12203-12216. [PMID: 28332829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PEGylation of cationic polyplexes is a promising approach to enhance the stability and reduce unspecific interaction with biological components. Herein, we systematically investigate the impact of PEGylation on physical and biological properties of chitosan/siRNA polyplexes. A series of chitosan-PEG copolymers (CS-PEG2k, CS-PEG5k and CS-PEG10k) were synthesized with similar PEG mass content but with different molecular weight. PEGylation with higher molecular weight and less grafting degree resulted in smaller and more compacted nanoparticles with relatively higher surface charge. PEGylated polyplexes showed distinct mechanism of endocytosis, which was macropinocytosis and caveolae-dependent and clathrin-independent. In vitro silencing efficiency in HeLa and H1299 cells was significantly improved by PEGylation and CS-PEG5k/siRNA achieved the highest knockdown efficiency. Efficient silence of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) in HeLa cells by CS-PEG5k/siRRM2 significantly induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation. In addition, PEGylation significantly inhibited macrophage phagocytosis and unspecific interaction with red blood cells (RBCs). Significant extension of in vivo circulation was achieved only with high molecular weight PEG modification (CS-PEG10k), whereas all CS/siRNA and CS-PEG/siRNA nanoparticles showed similar pattern of biodistribution with major accumulation in liver and kidney. These results imply that PEGylation with higher molecular weight PEG and less grafting rate is a promising strategy to improve chitosan/siRNA nanocomplexes performance both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Yang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Shan Gao
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Suzhou Ribo Life Science Co., Ltd. , Beijing, China
| | - Frederik Dagnæs-Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Bartholin Building Building 1240, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4,8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maria Jakobsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Werfel TA, Jackson MA, Kavanaugh TE, Kirkbride KC, Miteva M, Giorgio TD, Duvall C. Combinatorial optimization of PEG architecture and hydrophobic content improves ternary siRNA polyplex stability, pharmacokinetics, and potency in vivo. J Control Release 2017; 255:12-26. [PMID: 28366646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A rationally-designed library of ternary siRNA polyplexes was developed and screened for gene silencing efficacy in vitro and in vivo with the goal of overcoming both cell-level and systemic delivery barriers. [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (DMAEMA) was homopolymerized or copolymerized (50mol% each) with butyl methacrylate (BMA) from a reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chain transfer agent, with and without pre-conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Both single block polymers were tested as core-forming units, and both PEGylated, diblock polymers were screened as corona-forming units. Ternary siRNA polyplexes were assembled with varied amounts and ratios of core-forming polymers to PEGylated corona-forming polymers. The impact of polymer composition/ratio, hydrophobe (BMA) placement, and surface PEGylation density was correlated to important outcomes such as polyplex size, stability, pH-dependent membrane disruptive activity, biocompatibility, and gene silencing efficiency. The lead formulation, DB4-PDB12, was optimally PEGylated not only to ensure colloidal stability (no change in size by DLS between 0 and 24h) and neutral surface charge (0.139mV) but also to maintain higher cell uptake (>90% positive cells) than the most densely PEGylated particles. The DB4-PDB12 polyplexes also incorporated BMA in both the polyplex core- and corona-forming polymers, resulting in robust endosomolysis and in vitro siRNA silencing (~85% protein level knockdown) of the model gene luciferase across multiple cell types. Further, the DB4-PDB12 polyplexes exhibited greater stability, increased blood circulation time, reduced renal clearance, increased tumor biodistribution, and greater silencing of luciferase compared to our previously-optimized, binary parent formulation following intravenous (i.v.) delivery. This polyplex library approach enabled concomitant optimization of the composition and ratio of core- and corona-forming polymers (indirectly tuning PEGylation density) and identification of a ternary nanomedicine optimized to overcome important siRNA delivery barriers in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meredith A Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kellye C Kirkbride
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martina Miteva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Shaikh MH, Clarke DTW, Johnson NW, McMillan NAJ. Can gene editing and silencing technologies play a role in the treatment of head and neck cancer? Oral Oncol 2017; 68:9-19. [PMID: 28438299 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatment strategies have done little to improve the prognosis or disease-free survival in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Recent progress in our understanding of molecular aspects of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has provided insights into the potential use of molecular targeted therapies in combination with current treatment strategies. Here we review the current understanding of treatment modalities for both HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs with the potential to use gene editing and silencing technologies therapeutically. The development of sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi) with its strong gene-specific silencing ability, high target specificity, greater potency and reduced side effects, has shown it to be a promising therapeutic candidate for treating cancers. CRISPR/Cas gene editing is the newest technology with the ability to delete, mutate or replace genes of interest and has great potential for treating HNSCCs. We also discuss the major challenge in using these approaches in HNSCC; that being the choice of target and the ability to deliver the payload. Finally, we highlight the potential combination of RNAi or CRIPSR/Cas with current treatment strategies and outline the possible path to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq H Shaikh
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Daniel T W Clarke
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Newell W Johnson
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
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25
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Boyle WS, Senger K, Tolar J, Reineke TM. Heparin Enhances Transfection in Concert with a Trehalose-Based Polycation with Challenging Cell Types. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:56-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Stem Cell Institute and Division of Pediatric Blood
and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Kyle Senger
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Stem Cell Institute and Division of Pediatric Blood
and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Stem Cell Institute and Division of Pediatric Blood
and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Stem Cell Institute and Division of Pediatric Blood
and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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26
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Corbi-Verge C, Garton M, Nim S, Kim PM. Strategies to Develop Inhibitors of Motif-Mediated Protein-Protein Interactions as Drug Leads. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 57:39-60. [PMID: 27618737 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are fundamental for virtually all functions of the cell. A large fraction of these interactions involve short peptide motifs, and there has been increased interest in targeting them using peptide-based therapeutics. Peptides benefit from being specific, relatively safe, and easy to produce. They are also easy to modify using chemical synthesis and molecular biology techniques. However, significant challenges remain regarding the use of peptides as therapeutic agents. Identification of peptide motifs is difficult, and peptides typically display low cell permeability and sensitivity to enzymatic degradation. In this review, we outline the principal high-throughput methodologies for motif discovery and describe current methods for overcoming pharmacokinetic and bioavailability limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Corbi-Verge
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; , , ,
| | - Michael Garton
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; , , ,
| | - Satra Nim
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; , , ,
| | - Philip M Kim
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; , , , .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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27
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Fatkhutdinov N, Sproesser K, Krepler C, Liu Q, Brafford PA, Herlyn M, Aird KM, Zhang R. Targeting RRM2 and Mutant BRAF Is a Novel Combinatorial Strategy for Melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:767-75. [PMID: 27297629 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The majority of patients with melanoma harbor mutations in the BRAF oncogene, thus making it a clinically relevant target. However, response to mutant BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) is relatively short-lived with progression-free survival of only 6 to 7 months. Previously, we reported high expression of ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2), which is rate-limiting for de novo dNTP synthesis, as a poor prognostic factor in patients with mutant BRAF melanoma. In this study, the notion that targeting de novo dNTP synthesis through knockdown of RRM2 could prolong the response of melanoma cells to BRAFi was investigated. Knockdown of RRM2 in combination with the mutant BRAFi PLX4720 (an analog of the FDA-approved drug vemurafenib) inhibited melanoma cell proliferation to a greater extent than either treatment alone. This occurred in vitro in multiple mutant BRAF cell lines and in a novel patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model system. Mechanistically, the combination increased DNA damage accumulation, which correlated with a global decrease in DNA damage repair (DDR) gene expression and increased apoptotic markers. After discontinuing PLX4720 treatment, cells showed marked recurrence. However, knockdown of RRM2 attenuated this rebound growth both in vitro and in vivo, which correlated with maintenance of the senescence-associated cell-cycle arrest. IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of RRM2 converts the transient response of melanoma cells to BRAFi to a stable response and may be a novel combinatorial strategy to prolong therapeutic response of patients with melanoma. Mol Cancer Res; 14(9); 767-75. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Fatkhutdinov
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Katrin Sproesser
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia A Brafford
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Rahman MA, Shin DM. CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Prospects and Challenges of Therapeutic Nanoparticles in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 21:4499-501. [PMID: 26473185 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In their review article published in the March 1, 2008, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Cho and colleagues presented the strong potential of nanotechnology in cancer. This commentary discusses the latest advances in nanotechnology, which provide novel approaches for cancer diagnosis, imaging, drug delivery, and personalized therapy; highlights the perspectives for therapeutic nanoparticles; and describes the advantages and challenges of their multifunctionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aminur Rahman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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29
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van der Meel R, Vehmeijer LJC, Kok RJ, Storm G, van Gaal EVB. Ligand-targeted Particulate Nanomedicines Undergoing Clinical Evaluation: Current Status. INTRACELLULAR DELIVERY III 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43525-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Zhu H, Zhang S, Ling Y, Meng G, Yang Y, Zhang W. pH-responsive hybrid quantum dots for targeting hypoxic tumor siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2015; 220:529-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Parsel SM, Grandis JR, Thomas SM. Nucleic acid targeting: towards personalized therapy for head and neck cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3217-26. [PMID: 26592450 PMCID: PMC4877278 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In light of a detailed characterization of genetic aberrations in cancer, nucleic acid targeting represents an attractive therapeutic approach with significant translational potential. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide with stagnant 5-year survival rates. Advances in conventional treatment have done little to improve survival and combined chemoradiation is associated with significant adverse effects. Recent reports have characterized the genetic alterations in HNSCC and demonstrated that mutations confer resistance to conventional and molecular targeted therapies. The ability to use specific nucleic acid sequences to inhibit cancer-associated genes including non-druggable targets facilitates personalized medicine approaches with less adverse effects. Additionally, advances in drug delivery mechanisms have increased the transfection efficiency aiding in greater therapeutic responses. Given these advances, the stage has been set to translate the information garnered from genomic studies into personalized treatment strategies. Genes involved in the tumor protein 53 (TP53) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways have been extensively investigated and many promising preclinical studies have shown tumor inhibition through genetic modulation. We, and others, have demonstrated that targeting oncogene expression with gene therapy approaches is feasible in patients. Other methods such as RNA interference have proven to be effective and are potential candidates for clinical studies. This review summarizes the major advances in sequence-specific gene modulation in the preclinical setting and in clinical trials in head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Parsel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - J R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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32
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Arima H, Hayashi Y, Higashi T, Motoyama K. Recent advances in cyclodextrin delivery techniques. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1425-41. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1026893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
Among the several delivery materials available so far, polysaccharides represent very attractive molecules as they can undergo a wide range of chemical modifications, are biocompatible, biodegradable, and have low immunogenic properties. Thus, polysaccharides can contribute to significantly overcome the limitation in the use of many types of drugs, including anti-cancer drugs. The use of conventional anti-cancer drugs is hampered by their high toxicity, mostly depending on the indiscriminate targeting of both cancer and normal cells. Additionally, for nucleic acid based drugs (NABDs), an emerging class of drugs with potential anti-cancer value, the practical use is problematic. This mostly depends on their fast degradation in biological fluids and the difficulties to cross cell membranes. Thus, for both classes of drugs, the development of optimal delivery materials is crucial. Here we discuss the possibility of using different kinds of polysaccharides, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, and pullulan, as smart drug delivery materials. We first describe the main features of polysaccharides, then a general overview about the aspects ruling drug release mechanisms and the pharmacokinetic are reported. Finally, notable examples of polysaccharide-based delivery of conventional anti-cancer drugs and NABDs are reported. Whereas additional research is required, the promising results obtained so far, fully justify further efforts, both in terms of economic support and investigations in the field of polysaccharides as drug delivery materials.
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34
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Brayden DJ, Cryan SA, Dawson KA, O'Brien PJ, Simpson JC. High-content analysis for drug delivery and nanoparticle applications. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:942-57. [PMID: 25908578 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-content analysis (HCA) provides quantitative multiparametric cellular fluorescence data. From its origins in discovery toxicology, it is now addressing fundamental questions in drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs), polymers, and intestinal permeation enhancers are being harnessed in drug delivery systems to modulate plasma membrane properties and the intracellular environment. Identifying comparative mechanistic cytotoxicity on sublethal events is crucial to expedite the development of such systems. NP uptake and intracellular routing pathways are also being dissected using chemical and genetic perturbations, with the potential to assess the intracellular fate of targeted and untargeted particles in vitro. As we discuss here, HCA is set to make a major impact in preclinical delivery research by elucidating the intracellular pathways of NPs and the in vitro mechanistic-based toxicology of formulation constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brayden
- University College Dublin (UCD) School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin 2, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- UCD Centre for Bionano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter J O'Brien
- University College Dublin (UCD) School of Veterinary Medicine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jeremy C Simpson
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
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35
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Wu X, Yamamoto H, Nakanishi H, Yamamoto Y, Inoue A, Tei M, Hirose H, Uemura M, Nishimura J, Hata T, Takemasa I, Mizushima T, Hossain S, Akaike T, Matsuura N, Doki Y, Mori M. Innovative delivery of siRNA to solid tumors by super carbonate apatite. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116022. [PMID: 25738937 PMCID: PMC4349808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology is currently being tested in clinical trials for a limited number of diseases. However, systemic delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to solid tumors has not yet been achieved in clinics. Here, we introduce an in vivo pH-sensitive delivery system for siRNA using super carbonate apatite (sCA) nanoparticles, which is the smallest class of nanocarrier. These carriers consist simply of inorganic ions and accumulate specifically in tumors, yet they cause no serious adverse events in mice and monkeys. Intravenously administered sCA-siRNA abundantly accumulated in the cytoplasm of tumor cells at 4 h, indicating quick achievement of endosomal escape. sCA-survivin-siRNA induced apoptosis in HT29 tumors and significantly inhibited in vivo tumor growth of HCT116, to a greater extent than two other in vivo delivery reagents. With innovative in vivo delivery efficiency, sCA could be a useful nanoparticle for the therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Nakanishi Gastroenterological Research Institute, Sakai, Japan
| | - Akira Inoue
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Tei
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hajime Hirose
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sharif Hossain
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nariaki Matsuura
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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36
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IWAMOTO KAZUKI, NAKASHIRO KOHICHI, TANAKA HIROSHI, TOKUZEN NORIHIKO, HAMAKAWA HIROYUKI. Ribonucleotide reductase M2 is a promising molecular target for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1971-7. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Han P, Lin ZR, Xu LH, Zhong Q, Zhu XF, Liang FY, Cai Q, Huang XM, Zeng MS. Ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit expression and prognostic value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:401-9. [PMID: 25695839 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribonucleotide reductase M2 subunit (RRM2) modulates the enzymatic activity of ribonucleotide reductase, and is involved in tumor progression. Recently, high levels of RRM2 expression were reported to correlate with poor survival outcomes in patients with colorectal and bladder cancer. However, changes in RRM2 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and its effect on the prognosis of this disease remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of RRM2 in NPC cell lines, and to identify whether RRM2 may serve as a biomarker with which to assess the prognosis of NPC. The present study found that RRM2 expression was higher in NPC cell lines and tissue samples than in noncancerous nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines and noncancerous tissues, as shown by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with higher RRM2 expression levels had poorer disease-free survival outcomes than those with lower expression levels of RRM2. Univariate analysis showed that a lower survival rate was significantly associated with high RRM2 expression levels [hazard ratio (HR), 6.424; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.381-17.333; P<0.001]. Multivariate analysis indicated that RRM2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for patients with NPC (HR, 3.461; 95 % CI, 1.204-9.949; P=0.021). Overexpression of RRM2 led to increased cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vivo. These results suggest that high levels of RRM2 expression may be a useful predictor for survival in patients with NPC and may serve as a novel prognostic indicator for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Rui Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhong
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Ya Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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38
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Wu TT, Zhou SH. Nanoparticle-based targeted therapeutics in head-and-neck cancer. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:187-200. [PMID: 25589895 PMCID: PMC4293184 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-and-neck cancer is a major form of the disease worldwide. Treatment consists of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but these have not resulted in improved survival rates over the past few decades. Versatile nanoparticles, with selective tumor targeting, are considered to have the potential to improve these poor outcomes. Application of nanoparticle-based targeted therapeutics has extended into many areas, including gene silencing, chemotherapeutic drug delivery, radiosensitization, photothermal therapy, and has shown much promise. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of nanoparticle-mediated targeted therapeutics for head-and-neck cancer, with an emphasis on the description of targeting points, including future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, China
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39
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Mali SB. RNA interference in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:e2-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Jain A, Muntimadugu E, Domb AJ, Khan W. Cationic Polysaccharides in Gene Delivery. CATIONIC POLYMERS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620105-00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Approval of Glybera®, a gene therapy to treat lipoprotein lipase deficiency, by the European Union Marketing Authorization, and more than 1800 clinical trials in over 31 countries for the treatment of many incurable diseases, narrates the successful journey of gene therapy in the biomedical field. However, the undesired side effects of gene therapy using viral and other vectors have overshadowed the success story of gene therapy. Non-viral vectors, and more particularly cationic polysaccharides due to their non-toxicity, water solubility, biodegradability and excellent compatibility with body systems, provide an excellent alternative for gene delivery. This chapter highlights significant contributions made by cationic polysaccharides in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
| | - Eameema Muntimadugu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel 91120
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad India 500037
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel 91120
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Islam MA, Park T, Singh B, Maharjan S, Firdous J, Cho MH, Kang SK, Yun CH, Choi Y, Cho CS. Major degradable polycations as carriers for DNA and siRNA. J Control Release 2014; 193:74-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mitragotri S, Burke PA, Langer R. Overcoming the challenges in administering biopharmaceuticals: formulation and delivery strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:655-72. [PMID: 25103255 PMCID: PMC4455970 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1048] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The formulation and delivery of biopharmaceutical drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins, poses substantial challenges owing to their large size and susceptibility to degradation. In this Review we highlight recent advances in formulation and delivery strategies--such as the use of microsphere-based controlled-release technologies, protein modification methods that make use of polyethylene glycol and other polymers, and genetic manipulation of biopharmaceutical drugs--and discuss their advantages and limitations. We also highlight current and emerging delivery routes that provide an alternative to injection, including transdermal, oral and pulmonary delivery routes. In addition, the potential of targeted and intracellular protein delivery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 92106, USA
| | - Paul A Burke
- Burke Bioventures LLC, 277 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Sethi N, Wright A, Wood H, Rabbitts P. MicroRNAs and head and neck cancer: reviewing the first decade of research. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2619-35. [PMID: 25103455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding RNA which regulate gene expression. Their discovery in humans in 2000 has led to an explosion in research in this area in terms of their role as a biomarker, therapeutic target as well as trying to elucidate their function. This review aims to summarise the function of microRNAs as well as to examine how dysregulation at any step in their biogenesis or functional pathway can play a role in the development of cancer. We review which microRNAs are implicated as oncogenic or tumour suppressor in head and neck cancer as well as the data available on the use of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic marker. We also discuss routes for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sethi
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Alexander Wright
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Henry Wood
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pamela Rabbitts
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
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Correlating animal and human phase Ia/Ib clinical data with CALAA-01, a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing siRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11449-54. [PMID: 25049380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411393111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based experimental therapeutics are currently being investigated in numerous human clinical trials. CALAA-01 is a targeted, polymer-based nanoparticle containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) and, to our knowledge, was the first RNA interference (RNAi)-based, experimental therapeutic to be administered to cancer patients. Here, we report the results from the initial phase I clinical trial where 24 patients with different cancers were treated with CALAA-01 and compare those results to data obtained from multispecies animal studies to provide a detailed example of translating this class of nanoparticles from animals to humans. The pharmacokinetics of CALAA-01 in mice, rats, monkeys, and humans show fast elimination and reveal that the maximum concentration obtained in the blood after i.v. administration correlates with body weight across all species. The safety profile of CALAA-01 in animals is similarly obtained in humans except that animal kidney toxicities are not observed in humans; this could be due to the use of a predosing hydration protocol used in the clinic. Taken in total, the animal models do appear to predict the behavior of CALAA-01 in humans.
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45
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Aye Y, Li M, Long MJC, Weiss RS. Ribonucleotide reductase and cancer: biological mechanisms and targeted therapies. Oncogene 2014; 34:2011-21. [PMID: 24909171 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate DNA replication and repair is essential for proper development, growth and tumor-free survival in all multicellular organisms. A key requirement for the maintenance of genomic integrity is the availability of adequate and balanced pools of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), the building blocks of DNA. Notably, dNTP pool alterations lead to genomic instability and have been linked to multiple human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, susceptibility to viral infection and cancer. In this review, we discuss how a key regulator of dNTP biosynthesis in mammals, the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), impacts cancer susceptibility and serves as a target for anti-cancer therapies. Because RNR-regulated dNTP production can influence DNA replication fidelity while also supporting genome-protecting DNA repair, RNR has complex and stage-specific roles in carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, cancer cells are dependent on RNR for de novo dNTP biosynthesis. Therefore, elevated RNR expression is a characteristic of many cancers, and an array of mechanistically distinct RNR inhibitors serve as effective agents for cancer treatment. The dNTP metabolism machinery, including RNR, has been exploited for therapeutic benefit for decades and remains an important target for cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aye
- 1] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M J C Long
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - R S Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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46
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Chen W, Zhang L, Zhang K, Zhou B, Kuo ML, Hu S, Chen L, Tang M, Chen YR, Yang L, Ann DK, Yen Y. Reciprocal regulation of autophagy and dNTP pools in human cancer cells. Autophagy 2014; 10:1272-84. [PMID: 24905824 PMCID: PMC4203552 DOI: 10.4161/auto.28954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) plays a critical role in catalyzing the biosynthesis and maintaining the intracellular concentration of 4 deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Unbalanced or deficient dNTP pools cause serious genotoxic consequences. Autophagy is the process by which cytoplasmic constituents are degraded in lysosomes to maintain cellular homeostasis and bioenergetics. However, the role of autophagy in regulating dNTP pools is not well understood. Herein, we reported that starvation- or rapamycin-induced autophagy was accompanied by a decrease in RNR activity and dNTP pools in human cancer cells. Furthermore, downregulation of the small subunit of RNR (RRM2) by siRNA or treatment with the RNR inhibitor hydroxyurea substantially induced autophagy. Conversely, cancer cells with abundant endogenous intracellular dNTPs or treated with dNTP precursors were less responsive to autophagy induction by rapamycin, suggesting that autophagy and dNTP pool levels are regulated through a negative feedback loop. Lastly, treatment with si-RRM2 caused an increase in MAP1LC3B, ATG5, BECN1, and ATG12 transcript abundance in xenografted Tu212 tumors in vivo. Together, our results revealed a previously unrecognized reciprocal regulation between dNTP pools and autophagy in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA; School of Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Bingsen Zhou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Mei-Ling Kuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Shuya Hu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Linling Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Michelle Tang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - David K Ann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Beckman Research Institute; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte, CA USA; Taipei Medical University; Taipei, Taiwan
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Gomes-da-Silva LC, Simões S, Moreira JN. Challenging the future of siRNA therapeutics against cancer: the crucial role of nanotechnology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1417-38. [PMID: 24221135 PMCID: PMC11113222 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The identification of numerous deregulated signaling pathways on cancer cells and supportive stromal cells has revealed several molecular targets whose downregulation can elicit significant benefits for cancer treatment. In this respect, gene downregulation can be efficiently achieved by exploiting the RNA interference mechanism, particularly by the delivery of chemical synthesized small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which have the ability to mediate, in a specific manner, the degradation of any mRNA with complementary nucleotide sequence. However, several concerns regarding off-target effects and immune stimulation have been raised. Depending on their sequence, siRNAs can trigger an innate immune response, which might mediate undesirable side effects that ultimately compromise their clinical utility. This is a very relevant effect that will be discussed in the present manuscript. Moreover, the major drawback in the translation of siRNAs into the clinical practice is undoubtedly their inability to accumulate in tumor sites, particularly in organs other than the liver. In fact, upon systemic administration, owing to siRNAs physico-chemical features, they are rapidly cleared from the blood stream. Therefore, the development of a proper drug delivery system is of utmost importance. In this review, some of the latest advances on different nanotechnological platforms for siRNA delivery under clinical evaluation will be discussed. Along with this, targeting approaches towards cancer and/or endothelial cells will also be addressed, as these are some of the most promising strategies to enhance specific tumor accumulation while avoiding healthy tissues. Finally, clinical information on ongoing studies in patients with advanced solid tumors will be also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Catarina Gomes-da-Silva
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Simões
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- FFUC - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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48
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Ragelle H, Riva R, Vandermeulen G, Naeye B, Pourcelle V, Le Duff CS, D'Haese C, Nysten B, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Jérôme C, Préat V. Chitosan nanoparticles for siRNA delivery: optimizing formulation to increase stability and efficiency. J Control Release 2013; 176:54-63. [PMID: 24389132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at developing chitosan-based nanoparticles suitable for an intravenous administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA) able to achieve (i) high gene silencing without cytotoxicity and (ii) stability in biological media including blood. Therefore, the influence of chitosan/tripolyphosphate ratio, chitosan physicochemical properties, PEGylation of chitosan as well as the addition of an endosomal disrupting agent and a negatively charged polymer was assessed. The gene silencing activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated on B16 melanoma cells expressing luciferase. We monitored the integrity and the size behavior of siRNA nanoparticles in human plasma using fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy and single particle tracking respectively. The presence of PEGylated chitosan and poly(ethylene imine) was essential for high levels of gene silencing in vitro. Chitosan nanoparticles immediately released siRNA in plasma while the inclusion of hyaluronic acid and high amount of poly(ethylene glycol) in the formulation improved the stability of the particles. The developed formulations of PEGylated chitosan-based nanoparticles that achieve high gene silencing in vitro, low cytotoxicity and high stability in plasma could be promising for intravenous delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ragelle
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Riva
- University of Liège, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - G Vandermeulen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Naeye
- Ghent University, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - V Pourcelle
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - C S Le Duff
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - C D'Haese
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - B Nysten
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio & Soft Matter, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - K Braeckmans
- Ghent University, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent University, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S C De Smedt
- Ghent University, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Jérôme
- University of Liège, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - V Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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49
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Hubbell JA, Langer R. Translating materials design to the clinic. NATURE MATERIALS 2013; 12:963-6. [PMID: 24150414 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, and Institute for Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Expression of RRM1 and RRM2 as a novel prognostic marker in advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1899-906. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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