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Chopra H, Mohanta YK, Rauta PR, Ahmed R, Mahanta S, Mishra PK, Panda P, Rabaan AA, Alshehri AA, Othman B, Alshahrani MA, Alqahtani AS, AL Basha BA, Dhama K. An Insight into Advances in Developing Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery, Diagnostics and Vaccines: Multidimensional Applications in Tuberculosis Disease Management. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:581. [PMID: 37111338 PMCID: PMC10145450 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest contagious diseases, is a major concern worldwide. Long-term treatment, a high pill burden, limited compliance, and strict administration schedules are all variables that contribute to the development of MDR and XDR tuberculosis patients. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and a scarcity of anti-TB medications pose a threat to TB control in the future. As a result, a strong and effective system is required to overcome technological limitations and improve the efficacy of therapeutic medications, which is still a huge problem for pharmacological technology. Nanotechnology offers an interesting opportunity for accurate identification of mycobacterial strains and improved medication treatment possibilities for tuberculosis. Nano medicine in tuberculosis is an emerging research field that provides the possibility of efficient medication delivery using nanoparticles and a decrease in drug dosages and adverse effects to boost patient compliance with therapy and recovery. Due to their fascinating characteristics, this strategy is useful in overcoming the abnormalities associated with traditional therapy and leads to some optimization of the therapeutic impact. It also decreases the dosing frequency and eliminates the problem of low compliance. To develop modern diagnosis techniques, upgraded treatment, and possible prevention of tuberculosis, the nanoparticle-based tests have demonstrated considerable advances. The literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier databases only. This article examines the possibility of employing nanotechnology for TB diagnosis, nanotechnology-based medicine delivery systems, and prevention for the successful elimination of TB illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Nanobiotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Ramzan Ahmed
- Nanobiotechnology and Translational Knowledge Laboratory, Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi, Baridua 793101, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati 781008, Assam, India
| | | | - Paramjot Panda
- School of Biological Sciences, AIPH University, Bhubaneswar 754001, Odisha, India
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad A. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Othman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baneen Ali AL Basha
- Laboratory Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chaudhari R, Tandel N, Sahu K, Negi S, Bashir H, Rupareliya A, Mishra RPN, Dalai SK, Tyagi RK. Transdermal Immunization of Elastic Liposome-Laden Recombinant Chimeric Fusion Protein of P. falciparum ( PfMSP-Fu 24) Mounts Protective Immune Response. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:406. [PMID: 33562617 PMCID: PMC7914931 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal immunization exhibits poor immunogenic responses due to poor permeability of antigens through the skin. Elastic liposomes, the ultradeformable nanoscale lipid vesicles, overcome the permeability issues and prove a versatile nanocarrier for transcutaneous delivery of protein, peptide, and nucleic acid antigens. Elastic liposome-mediated subcutaneous delivery of chimeric fusion protein (PfMSP-Fu24) of Plasmodium falciparum exhibited improved immunogenic responses. Elastic liposomes-mediated immunization of PfMSP-Fu24 conferred immunity to the asexual blood-stage infection. Present study is an attempt to compare the protective immune response mounted by the PfMSP-Fu24 upon administered through transdermal and intramuscular routes. Humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) response elicited by topical and intramuscularly administered PfMSP-Fu24-laden elastic liposomes (EL-PfMSP-Fu24) were compared and normalized with the vehicle control. Sizeable immune responses were seen with the transcutaneously immunized EL-PfMSP-Fu24 and compared with those elicited with intramuscularly administered antigen. Our results show significant IgG isotype subclass (IgG1and IgG3) response of specific antibody levels as well as cell-mediated immunity (CMI) activating factor (IFN-γ), a crucial player in conferring resistance to blood-stage malaria in mice receiving EL-PfMSP-Fu24 through transdermal route as compared to the intramuscularly administered formulation. Heightened immune response obtained by the vaccination of EL-PfMSP-Fu24 was complemented by the quantification of the transcript (mRNA) levels cell-mediated (IFN-γ, IL-4), and regulatory immune response (IL-10) in the lymph nodes and spleen. Collectively, elastic liposomes prove their immune-adjuvant property as they evoke sizeable and perdurable immune response against PfMSP-Fu24 and justify its potential for the improved vaccine delivery to inducing both humoral and CM immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chaudhari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (R.C.); (N.T.); (A.R.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (R.C.); (N.T.); (A.R.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Kiran Sahu
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab., CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; (K.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Sushmita Negi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab., CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; (K.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Hilal Bashir
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India;
| | - Arzu Rupareliya
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (R.C.); (N.T.); (A.R.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Ravi PN Mishra
- BERPDC Department, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India;
| | - Sarat K. Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (R.C.); (N.T.); (A.R.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-Immunology Lab., CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India; (K.S.); (S.N.)
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Genetic immunization against hepatitis B virus with calcium phosphate nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2020; 110:254-265. [PMID: 32344172 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were loaded with plasmid DNA and toll-like receptor ligands (TLR), i.e. CpG or flagellin, to activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells (DCs). The functionalized nanoparticles were studied in vitro on HeLa, C2C12 and BHK-21 cell lines, focusing on the expression of two specific proteins. EGFP-DNA, encoding for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), was used as a model plasmid to optimize the transfection efficiency in vitro by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles loaded with TLR ligands and plasmid DNA encoding for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (pHBsAg) were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo immunization experiments to identify a possible candidate for a prophylactic hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. The nanoparticles induced a strong expression of HBsAg in the three cell lines. In splenocytes, the expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 was enhanced. After intramuscular injection in mice, the nanoparticles induced the expression of HBsAg, the antigen-specific T cell response, and the antigen-specific antibody response (IgG1). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hepatitis B is one of the most frequent viral infections worldwide. For preventive immunization, nanoparticles can be used which carry both an adjuvant (a stimulatory molecule) and DNA encoding for a viral antigen. After administration of such nanoparticles to cells, they are taken up by cells where the DNA is transcribed into the viral antigen (a protein). This viral antigen is inducing a virus-specific immune response. This was shown both by in vitro cell culture as well as by an extensive in vivo study in mice.
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Chi Q, Yang Z, Xu K, Wang C, Liang H. DNA Nanostructure as an Efficient Drug Delivery Platform for Immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1585. [PMID: 32063844 PMCID: PMC6997790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has received increasing attention due to its low potential side effects and high specificity. For instance, cancer immunotherapy has achieved great success. CpG is a well-known and commonly used immunotherapeutic and vaccine adjuvant, but it has the disadvantage of being unstable and low in efficacy and needs to be transported through an effective nanocarrier. With perfect structural programmability, permeability, and biocompatibility, DNA nanostructures are one of the most promising candidates to deliver immune components to realize immunotherapy. However, the instability and low capability of the payload of ordinary DNA assemblies limit the relevant applications. Consequently, DNA nanostructure with a firm structure, high drug payloads is highly desirable. In the paper, the latest progress of biostable, high-payload DNA nanoassemblies of various structures, including cage-like DNA nanostructure, DNA particles, DNA polypods, and DNA hydrogel, are reviewed. Cage-like DNA structures hold drug molecules firmly inside the structure and leave a large space within the cavity. These DNA nanostructures use their unique structure to carry abundant CpG, and their biocompatibility and size advantages to enter immune cells to achieve immunotherapy for various diseases. Part of the DNA nanostructures can also achieve more effective treatment in conjunction with other functional components such as aPD1, RNA, TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zichang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- “111” Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Okay S, Özge Özcan Ö, Karahan M. Nanoparticle-based delivery platforms for mRNA vaccine development. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Pati R, Shevtsov M, Sonawane A. Nanoparticle Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2224. [PMID: 30337923 PMCID: PMC6180194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In the context of vaccine development remarkable efforts have been made to develop new vaccines and also to improve the efficacy of existing vaccines against specific diseases. To date, some vaccines are developed from protein subunits or killed pathogens, whilst several vaccines are based on live-attenuated organisms, which carry the risk of regaining their pathogenicity under certain immunocompromised conditions. To avoid this, the development of risk-free effective vaccines in conjunction with adequate delivery systems are considered as an imperative need to obtain desired humoral and cell-mediated immunity against infectious diseases. In the last several years, the use of nanoparticle-based vaccines has received a great attention to improve vaccine efficacy, immunization strategies, and targeted delivery to achieve desired immune responses at the cellular level. To improve vaccine efficacy, these nanocarriers should protect the antigens from premature proteolytic degradation, facilitate antigen uptake and processing by antigen presenting cells, control release, and should be safe for human use. Nanocarriers composed of lipids, proteins, metals or polymers have already been used to attain some of these attributes. In this context, several physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles play an important role in the determination of vaccine efficacy. This review article focuses on the applications of nanocarrier-based vaccine formulations and the strategies used for the functionalization of nanoparticles to accomplish efficient delivery of vaccines in order to induce desired host immunity against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Najer A, Palivan CG, Beck HP, Meier W. Challenges in Malaria Management and a Glimpse at Some Nanotechnological Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1052:103-112. [PMID: 29785484 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7572-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a devastating infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes, affecting millions of people and killing about half a million children each year. Despite tremendous progress in the control and elimination of malaria within the past years, there are still considerable challenges to be solved. To name a few, drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes and the difficulty to formulate a potent malaria vaccine need to be addressed with new strategies to achieve the final goal of malaria eradication. Nanotechnology-researching and designing innovative structures at the nanoscale-is a promising contemporary technology that is being applied to a vast number of biomedical problems. In the case of malaria, nanotechnology provides tools to design strategies to target drug molecules to specific stages of the parasite, treat drug-resistant parasites, resolve severe malaria, increase vaccine efficacies and combinations thereof. This chapter introduces malaria, discusses current challenges of malaria control and relates these challenges to some potential solutions provided by the nanotechnology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Najer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans-Peter Beck
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Zhao K, Han J, Zhang Y, Wei L, Yu S, Wang X, Jin Z, Wang Y. Enhancing Mucosal Immune Response of Newcastle Disease Virus DNA Vaccine Using N-2-Hydroxypropyl Trimethylammonium Chloride Chitosan and N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles as Delivery Carrier. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:226-237. [PMID: 29172532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because mucosal sites are the entry ports of pathogens, immunization via mucosal routes can extremely enhance the immunity. To elevate the potential of N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride chitosan (N-2-HACC) and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) nanoparticles as a mucosal immune delivery carrier for DNA vaccines, we prepared the NDV F gene plasmid DNA with C3d6 molecular adjuvant (pVAX I-F(o)-C3d6) encapsulated in the N-2-HACC-CMC nanoparticles (N-2-HACC-CMC/pFDNA-C3d6 NPs). The N-2-HACC-CMC/pFDNA-C3d6 NPs had regular spherical morphology and low toxicity with a mean diameter of 309.7 ± 6.52 nm, zeta potential of 49.9 ± 4.93 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 92.27 ± 1.48%, and loading capacity of 50.75 ± 1.35%. The N-2-HACC-CMC had high stability and safety. The pVAX I-F(o)-C3d6 could be sustainably released from the N-2-HACC-CMC/pFDNA-C3d6 NPs after an initial burst release. Immunization intranasally of chickens with N-2-HACC-CMC/pFDNA-C3d6 NPs not only produced higher anti-NDV IgG and sIgA antibody than chickens in other groups did, but also significantly stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and triggered higher the IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels. These findings indicated that the N-2-HACC-CMC could be used as an efficient delivery carrier for the mucosal immunity of Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine. The work laid a basis for the quaternized chitosan nanoparticles as efficient mucosal immunity delivery carrier for DNA vaccines and had immense application promise and potential for vaccines and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jinyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-efficiency Conversion, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS , Harbin 150001, China
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Tyagi RK, Garg NK, Dalai SK, Awasthi A. Transdermal immunization of P. falciparum surface antigen (MSP-119) via elastic liposomes confers robust immunogenicity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:990-2. [PMID: 26810033 PMCID: PMC4962934 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1116656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As transdermal immunization results in poor immunogenicity, which is attributed to poor permeability of antigens through the skin, we believed ultradeformable lipid vesicles (elastic liposome) might address the challenges encountered during transdermal immunization. The elastic liposome, versatile carrier, proves better vehicle for transcutaneous delivery of protein, peptide and nucleic acid antigens. Our recently published article (1) is suggestive of improved immunogenicity of carboxyl-terminal 19 kDa fragment of merozoite surface protein-1 (PfMSP-119) of Plasmodium falciparum when administered subcutaneously via elastic liposomes ( Fig. 1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- CONTACT Rajeev K. Tyagi , Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, Tampa, FL, 33612 USA
| | - Neeraj K. Garg
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC center of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarat K. Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (an autonomous institute of Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), NCR Biotech Science, Faridabad, India
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Tyagi RK, Garg NK, Jadon R, Sahu T, Katare OP, Dalai SK, Awasthi A, Marepally SK. Elastic liposome-mediated transdermal immunization enhanced the immunogenicity of P. falciparum surface antigen, MSP-119. Vaccine 2015; 33:4630-8. [PMID: 26141014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal immunization results in poor immunogenicity, which can be attributed to poor permeability of antigens through the skin. Therefore, elastic liposome, ultradeformable lipid vesicles, may overcome the challenges faced during transdermal immunization. This versatile carrier proves better vehicle for transcutaneous delivery of protein, peptide and nucleic acid antigens. The present results are suggestive of improved immunogenicity of carboxyl-terminal 19 kDa fragment of merozoite surface protein-1 (PfMSP-119) of Plasmodium falciparum when administered subcutaneously through elastic liposomes. The prepared elastic liposomes were characterized with respect to vesicles shape and surface morphology, size and size distribution, entrapment efficiency, elasticity, stability and in vitro release. Humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) response elicited by topically applied PfMSP-119-loaded elastic liposomes, intramuscularly administered alum-adsorbed PfMSP-119 solution, and topically applied PfMSP-119-loaded conventional liposomes were compared and normalized with vehicle control. Results suggest greater transcutaneous immunization via elastic liposomes, and induced robust and perdurable IgG-specific antibody and cytophilic isotype responses. We report to have achieved sizeable CMI activating factor (IFNγ), a crucial player in conferring resistance to asexual blood stage malaria, responses with elastic liposomes when compared with other formulations. The fluorescence microscopy and histopathology results are suggestive of prominent skin permeation and biodistribution, and demonstrate efficient delivery of malaria antigen via elastic liposomes to immunocompetent Langerhans cells (LC) and lymphatics. In conclusion, elastic liposomal formulation provided greater entrapment efficiency, enhanced penetration and heightened and long-lasting immune response. Moreover, effective immunoadjuvant property of this carrier justifies its potential for improved vaccine delivery, and opens new avenues to explore further on the development of malaria vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Tyagi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, MP, India.
| | - Neeraj K Garg
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Jadon
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Tejram Sahu
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarat K Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (an autonomous institute of Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121 001, India
| | - Srujan K Marepally
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore 560065, India
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Terkawi MA, Kuroda Y, Fukumoto S, Tanaka S, Kojima N, Nishikawa Y. Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein encapsulated in oligomannose-coated liposomes confers protection against sporozoite infection in mice. Malar J 2014; 13:426. [PMID: 25373617 PMCID: PMC4232614 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The design and development of an effective malaria vaccine against the pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic-stages of infection present a great challenge. Methods In the present study, protective efficacy of oligomannose-coated liposome (OML)-entrapped merozoite and sporozoite antigens against Plasmodium berghei challenge infection in BALB/c mice was evaluated. Results Subcutaneous immunization with truncated merozoite surface protein 1 entrapped with OML (OML-PbMSP1) prolonged survival, but failed to protect the mice from erythrocytic-stage infection, despite the antigen-specific antibody responses induced by the immunization regimen. In contrast, immunization with circumsporozoite protein entrapped with OML (OML-PbCSP) elicited antigen-specific humoral and cellular responses, which correlated with substantial protection against sporozoite challenge infections. Conclusions The current results represent the use of an oligomannose-coated liposome-based vaccine against pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages malaria infection. This approach may offer a new vaccination strategy against malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Garg NK, Dwivedi P, Jain A, Tyagi S, Sahu T, Tyagi RK. Development of novel carrier(s) mediated tuberculosis vaccine: more than a tour de force. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:227-42. [PMID: 24909731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite worldwide availability of the vaccines against most of the infectious diseases, BCG and various programs such as Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) to prevent tuberculosis still remains one of the most deadly forms of the disease affecting millions of people globally. The evolution of multi drug resistant strains (MDR) has increased the complexity further. Although currently available marketed BCG vaccine has shown sufficient protection against childhood tuberculosis, it has failed to prevent the most common form of disease i.e., pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. However, various vaccine candidates have already entered phase I clinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. The most prominent amongst them is the heterologous prime-boost approach, which shows a great promise towards designing and development of a new efficacious tuberculosis vaccine. It has also been shown that the use of various viral and non-viral vectors as carriers for the potential vaccine candidates will further boost their effect on subsequent immunization. In this review, we briefly summarize the potential of a few novel nano-carriers for developing effective vaccination strategies against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K Garg
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, 160 014 Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar 470 003, MP, India.
| | - Priya Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, TRS College, Rewa 486001, MP, India
| | - Ashay Jain
- Drug Delivery Research Group, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, 160 014 Chandigarh, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar 470 003, MP, India
| | - Shikha Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, UP Technical University, UP, India
| | - Tejram Sahu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, TW3/3W15, 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Bhakta G, Nurcombe V, Maitra A, Shrivastava A. DNA-encapsulated magnesium phosphate nanoparticles elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 4:46-53. [PMID: 24936399 PMCID: PMC4050493 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of pEGFP (plasmid expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein)-encapsulated PEGylated (meaning polyethylene glycol coated) magnesium phosphate nanoparticles (referred to as MgPi-pEGFP nanoparticles) for the induction of immune responses was investigated in a mouse model. MgPi-pEGFP nanoparticles induced enhanced serum antibody and antigen-specific T-lymphocyte responses, as well as increased IFN-? and IL-12 levels compared to naked pEGFP when administered via intravenous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular routes. A significant macrophage response, both in size and activity, was also observed when mice were immunized with the nanoparticle formulation. The response was highly specific for the antigen, as the increase in interaction between macrophages and lymphocytes as well as lymphocyte proliferation took place only when they were re-stimulated with recombinant green fluorescence protein (rGFP). Thus the nanoparticle formulation elicited both humoral as well as cellular responses. Cytokine profiling revealed the induction of Th-1 type responses. The results suggest DNA-encapsulated magnesium phosphate (MgPi) nanoparticles may constitute a safer, more stable and cost-efficient DNA vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajadhar Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India 110007 ; Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Amarnath Maitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India 110007
| | - Anju Shrivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India 110007
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14
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Håkerud M, Waeckerle-Men Y, Selbo PK, Kündig TM, Høgset A, Johansen P. Intradermal photosensitisation facilitates stimulation of MHC class-I restricted CD8 T-cell responses of co-administered antigen. J Control Release 2014; 174:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Dinglasan RR, Armistead JS, Nyland JF, Jiang X, Mao HQ. Single-dose microparticle delivery of a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine elicits a long-lasting functional antibody response. Curr Mol Med 2013; 13:479-87. [PMID: 23331003 PMCID: PMC3706950 DOI: 10.2174/1566524011313040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malaria sexual stage and mosquito transmission-blocking vaccines (SSM-TBV) have recently gained prominence as a necessary tool for malaria eradication. SSM-TBVs are unique in that, with the exception of parasite gametocyte antigens, they primarily target parasite or mosquito midgut surface antigens expressed only inside the mosquito. As such, the primary perceived limitation of SSM-TBVs is that the absence of natural boosting following immunization will limit its efficacy, since the antigens are never presented to the human immune system. An ideal, safe SSM-TBV formulation must overcome this limitation. We provide a focused evaluation of relevant nano-/microparticle technologies that can be applied toward the development of leading SSM-TBV candidates, and data from a proof-of-concept study demonstrating that a single inoculation and controlled release of antigen in mice, can elicit long-lasting protective antibody titers. We conclude by identifying the remaining critical gaps in knowledge and opportunities for moving SSM-TBVs to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Dinglasan
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Held J, Kreidenweiss A, Mordmüller B. Novel approaches in antimalarial drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1325-37. [PMID: 24090219 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.843522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of new antimalarial drugs remains of the utmost importance, since Plasmodium falciparum has developed resistance against nearly all chemotherapeutics in clinical use. In an effort to contain the resistance of P. falciparum against artemisinins and to further eradication efforts, studies are ongoing to identify novel and more efficacious approaches to develop antimalarials. AREAS COVERED The authors review the classical and new approaches to antimalarial drug discovery, with a special emphasis on the various stages of the parasite's life cycle and the different Plasmodium species. The authors discuss the methodologies and strategies for early efficacy testing that aim to narrow down the portfolio of promising compounds. EXPERT OPINION The increased efforts in the discovery and development of new antimalarial compounds have led to the recognition of new promising hits. However, there is still major roadblock of selecting the most promising compounds and then further testing them in early clinical trials, especially in the current restricted economy. Controlled human malaria infection has much potential for speeding-up the early development process of many drug candidates including those which target the pre-erythrocytic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Held
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Wilhelmstraße 27, D-72074 Tübingen , Germany +49 7071 29 82364 ; +49 7071 295189 ;
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Chang CC, Crane M, Zhou J, Mina M, Post JJ, Cameron BA, Lloyd AR, Jaworowski A, French MA, Lewin SR. HIV and co-infections. Immunol Rev 2013; 254:114-42. [PMID: 23772618 PMCID: PMC3697435 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant reductions in morbidity and mortality secondary to availability of effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection still accounts for 1.5 million deaths annually. The majority of deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa where rates of opportunistic co-infections are disproportionately high. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of five common infections that cause significant morbidity in HIV-infected patients globally. These include co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and Plasmodium falciparum. Specifically, we review the natural history of each co-infection in the setting of HIV, the specific immune defects induced by HIV, the effects of cART on the immune response to the co-infection, the pathogenesis of immune restoration disease (IRD) associated with each infection, and advances in the areas of prevention of each co-infection via vaccination. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and gaps in knowledge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Cambridge CD, Singh SR, Waffo AB, Fairley SJ, Dennis VA. Formulation, characterization, and expression of a recombinant MOMP Chlamydia trachomatis DNA vaccine encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1759-71. [PMID: 23690681 PMCID: PMC3656902 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection affecting millions of people worldwide. Previous vaccination attempts have employed the recombinant major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C. trachomatis nonetheless, with limited success, perhaps, due to stability, degradation, and delivery issues. In this study we cloned C. trachomatis recombinant MOMP DNA (DMOMP) and encapsulated it in chitosan nanoparticles (DMCNP) using the complex coacervation technique. Physiochemical characterizations of DMCNP included transmission and scanning electron microcopy, Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and zeta potential. Encapsulated DMOMP was 167–250 nm, with a uniform spherical shape and homogenous morphology, and an encapsulation efficiency > 90%. A slow release pattern of encapsulated DMOMP, especially in acidic solution, was observed over 7 days. The zeta potential of DMCNP was ~8.80 mV, which indicated that it was highly stable. Toxicity studies of DMCNP (25–400 μg/mL) to Cos-7 cells using the MTT assay revealed minimal toxicity over 24–72 hours with >90% viable cells. Ultra-violet visible (UV-vis) spectra indicated encapsulated DMOMP protection by chitosan, whereas agarose gel electrophoresis verified its protection from enzymatic degradation. Expression of MOMP protein in DMCNP-transfected Cos-7 cells was demonstrated via Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Significantly, intramuscular injection of BALB/c mice with DMCNP confirmed the delivery of encapsulated DMOMP, and expression of the MOMP gene transcript in thigh muscles and spleens. Our data show that encapsulation of DMOMP in biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles imparts stability and protection from enzymatic digestion, and enhances delivery and expression of DMOMP in vitro and in mice. Further investigations of the nanoencapsulated DMCNP vaccine formulation against C. trachomatis in mice are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chino D Cambridge
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
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