1
|
Tripathy RK, Pande AH. Molecular and functional insight into anti-EGFR nanobody: Theranostic implications for malignancies. Life Sci 2024; 345:122593. [PMID: 38554946 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and imaging are the most popular techniques for the intervention and diagnosis of cancer. A potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), primarily for glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancer. Over-production of ligand, transcriptional up-regulation due to autocrine/paracrine signalling, or point mutations at the genomic locus may contribute to the malfunction of EGFR in malignancies. This exploit makes use of EGFR, an established biomarker for cancer diagnostics and treatment. Despite considerable development in the last several decades in making EGFR inhibitors, they are still not free from limitations like toxicity and a short serum half-life. Nanobodies and antibodies share similar binding properties, but nanobodies have the additional advantage that they can bind to antigenic epitopes deep inside the target that conventional antibodies are unable to access. For targeted therapy, anti-EGFR nanobodies can be conjugated to various molecules such as drugs, peptides, toxins and photosensitizers. These nanobodies can be designed as novel immunoconjugates using the universal modular antibody-based platform technology (UniCAR). Furthermore, Anti-EGFR nanobodies can be expressed in neural stem cells and visualised by effective fluorescent and radioisotope labelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan K Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, (Mohali) 160062, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Dijk B, Oliveira S, Hooning van Duyvenbode JFF, Nurmohamed FRHA, Mashayekhi V, Hernández IB, van Strijp J, de Vor L, Aerts PC, Vogely HC, Weinans H, van der Wal BCH. Photoimmuno-antimicrobial therapy for Staphylococcus aureus implant infection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300069. [PMID: 38457402 PMCID: PMC10923484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Implant infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Treatment of these infections can be difficult especially when bacterial biofilms are involved. In this study we investigate the potential of infrared photoimmunotherapy to eradicate staphylococcal infection in a mouse model. METHODS A monoclonal antibody that targets Wall Teichoic Acid surface components of both S. aureus and its biofilm (4497-IgG1) was conjugated to a photosensitizer (IRDye700DX) and used as photoimmunotherapy in vitro and in vivo in mice with a subcutaneous implant pre-colonized with biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus. A dose of 400 μg and 200 μg of antibody-photosensitizer conjugate 4497-IgG-IRDye700DXwas administered intravenously to two groups of 5 mice. In addition, multiple control groups (vancomycin treated, unconjugated IRDye700DX and IRDye700DX conjugated to a non-specific antibody) were used to verify anti-microbial effects. RESULTS In vitro results of 4497-IgG-IRDye700DX on pre-colonized (biofilm) implants showed significant (p<0.01) colony-forming units (CFU) reduction at a concentration of 5 μg of the antibody-photosensitizer conjugate. In vivo, treatment with 4497-IgG-IRDye700DX showed no significant CFU reduction at the implant infection. However, tissue around the implant did show a significant CFU reduction with 400 μg 4497-IgG-IRDye700DX compared to control groups (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the antimicrobial potential of photoimmunotherapy for selectively eliminating S. aureus in vivo. However, using a solid implant instead of a catheter could result in an increased bactericidal effect of 4497-IgG-IRDye700DX and administration locally around an implant (per operative) could become valuable applications in patients that are difficult to treat with conventional methods. We conclude that photoimmunotherapy could be a potential additional therapy in the treatment of implant related infections, but requires further improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce van Dijk
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne de Vor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet C. Aerts
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H. Charles Vogely
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cong Y, Devoogdt N, Lambin P, Dubois LJ, Yaromina A. Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches Based on VHHs for Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38254860 PMCID: PMC10814765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the distinctive structure of heavy chain-only antibodies in species belonging to the Camelidae family has elicited significant interest in their variable antigen binding domain (VHH) and gained attention for various applications, such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article presents an overview of the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of VHHs as compared to conventional antibodies, and their usage in diverse applications. The singular properties of VHHs are explained, and several strategies that can augment their utility are outlined. The preclinical studies illustrating the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of distinct VHHs in diverse formats against solid cancers are summarized, and an overview of the clinical trials assessing VHH-based agents in oncology is provided. These investigations demonstrate the enormous potential of VHHs for medical research and healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cong
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group (MITH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kalami S, Diakina E, Noorbakhsh R, Sheidaei S, Rezania S, Vasseghian Y, Kamyab H, Mohammadi AA. Metformin-modified polyethersulfone magnetic microbeads for effective arsenic removal from apatite soil leachate water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117627. [PMID: 37967700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is the hazardous species and still is the global challenge in water treatment. Apatite soil is highly rich in arsenic species, and its mining presents various environmental issues. In this study, novel magnetic microbeads as adsorbent were developed for the elimination of hazardous arsenic ions from apatite soil's aqueous leachate before discharging into environment. The microbeads were fabricated with metformin polyether sulfone after being doped with zero-valent iron (Met-PES/ZVI). The microbeads were characterized using various techniques, including FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, VSM, and zeta potential analysis. The developed adsorbent demonstrated a significant elimination in arsenic in aqueous leachate, achieving 82.39% removal after 30 min of contact time, which further increased to 90% after 180 min of shaking. The kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order model best represented the adsorption process. The intra-particle diffusion model indicated that the adsorption occurred in two steps. The Langmuir model (R2 = 0.991), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 188.679 mg g-1, was discovered to be the best fit for the experimental data as compared Freundlich model (R2 = 0.981). According to the thermodynamic outcome (ΔG < -20 kJ/mol), the adsorption process was spontaneous and involved physisorption. These findings demonstrate the potential of magnetic Met-PES/ZVI microbeads as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from apatite soil aqueous leachate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Kalami
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Diakina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mishref Campus, Kuwait
| | - Roya Noorbakhsh
- Food Technology and Agricultural Products Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), PO Box 31745-139, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sina Sheidaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Ali Akbar Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, 9318614139, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koerselman M, Morshuis LCM, Karperien M. The use of peptides, aptamers, and variable domains of heavy chain only antibodies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2023; 170:1-14. [PMID: 37517622 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, much research has been focused on the use of small molecules such as peptides or aptamers or more recently on the use of variable antigen-binding domain of heavy chain only antibodies in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The use of these molecules originated as an alternative for the larger conventional antibodies, of which most drawbacks are derived from their size and complex structure. In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, biological functionalities are often conjugated to biomaterials in order to (re-)create an in vivo like situation, especially when bioinert biomaterials are used. Those biomaterials are functionalized with these functionalities for instance for the purpose of cell attachment or cell targeting for targeted drug delivery but also for local enrichment or blocking of ligands such as growth factors or cytokines on the biomaterial surface. In this review, we further refer to peptides, aptamers, and variable antigen-binding domain of heavy chain only antibodies as biological functionalities. Here, we compare these biological functionalities within the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and give an overview of recent work in which these biological functionalities have been explored. We focus on the previously mentioned purposes of the biological functionalities. We will compare structural differences, possible modifications and (chemical) conjugation strategies. In addition, we will provide an overview of biologicals that are, or have been, involved in clinical trials. Finally, we will highlight the challenges of each of these biologicals. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In the field of tissue engineering there is broad application of functionalized biomaterials for cell attachment, targeted drug delivery and local enrichment or blocking of growth factors. This was previously mostly done via conventional antibodies, but their large size and complex structure impose various challenges with respect of retaining biological functionality. Peptides, aptamers and VHHs may provide an alternative solution for the use of conventional antibodies. This review discusses the use of these molecules for biological functionalization of biomaterials. For each of the molecules, their characteristics, conjugation possibilities and current use in research and clinical trials is described. Furthermore, this review sets out the benefits and challenges of using these types of molecules for different fields of application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Koerselman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands. Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne C M Morshuis
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands. Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Institute, University of Twente, The Netherlands. Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bitsch P, Baum ES, Beltrán Hernández I, Bitsch S, Harwood J, Oliveira S, Kolmar H. Penetration of Nanobody-Dextran Polymer Conjugates through Tumor Spheroids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2374. [PMID: 37896133 PMCID: PMC10609859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the generation of nanobody dextran polymer conjugates (dextraknobs) that are loaded with small molecules, i.e., fluorophores or photosensitizers, for potential applications in cancer diagnostics and therapy. To this end, the molecules are conjugated to the dextran polymer which is coupled to the C-terminus of an EGFR-specific nanobody using chemoenzymatic approaches. A monovalent EGFR-targeted nanobody and biparatopic version modified with different dextran average molecular weights (1000, 5000, and 10,000) were probed for their ability to penetrate tumor spheroids. For monovalent Cy5-labeled dextraknobs, the utilization of smaller sized dextran (MW 5000 vs. 10,000) was found to be beneficial for more homogeneous penetration into A431 tumor spheroids over time. For the biparatopic dual nanobody comprising MW 1000, 5000, and 10,000 dextran labeled with photosensitizer IRDye700DX, penetration behavior was comparable to that of a direct nanobody-photosensitizer conjugate lacking a dextran scaffold. Additionally, dextraknobs labeled with IRDye700DX incubated with cells in 2D and 3D showed potent cell killing upon illumination, thus inducing photodynamic therapy (PDT). In line with previous results, monovalent nanobody conjugates displayed deeper and more homogenous penetration through spheroids than the bivalent conjugates. Importantly, the smaller size dextrans did not affect the distribution of the conjugates, thus encouraging further development of dextraknobs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (P.B.); (S.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Eva S. Baum
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.S.B.); (I.B.H.)
| | - Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.S.B.); (I.B.H.)
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (P.B.); (S.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Jakob Harwood
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (P.B.); (S.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.S.B.); (I.B.H.)
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (P.B.); (S.B.); (J.H.)
- Centre of Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Hoefnagel SJM, Krishnadath KK. Single domain Camelid antibody fragments for molecular imaging and therapy of cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1257175. [PMID: 37746282 PMCID: PMC10514897 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1257175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite innovations in cancer therapeutics, cancer remains associated with high mortality and is one of biggest health challenges worldwide. Therefore, developing precise cancer imaging and effective treatments is an unmet clinical need. A relatively novel type of therapeutics are heavy chain variable domain antibody fragments (VHHs) derived from llamas. Here, we explored the suitability of VHHs for cancer imaging and therapy through reviewing the existing literature. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases and identified 32 papers on molecular imaging and 41 papers on therapy that were suitable for comprehensive reviewing. We found that VHHs harbor a higher specificity and affinity compared to mAbs, which contributes to high-quality imaging and less side-effects on healthy cells. The employment of VHHs in cancer imaging showed remarkably shorter times between administration and imaging. Studies showed that 18F and 99mTc are two optimal radionuclides for imaging with VHHs and that site-specific labelling is the optimal conjugation modality for VHHs with radionuclide or fluorescent molecules. We found different solutions for reducing kidney retention and immunogenicity of VHHs. VHHs as anticancer therapeutics have been tested in photodynamic therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy, immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. These studies showed that VHHs target unique antigen epitopes, which are distinct from the ones recognized by mAbs. This advantage means that VHHs may be more effective for targeted anticancer therapy and can be combined with mAbs. We found that high cellular internalization and specificity of VHHs contributes to the effectiveness and safety of VHHs as anticancer therapeutics. Two clinical trials have confirmed that VHHs are effective and safe for cancer imaging and therapy. Together, VHHs seem to harbor several advantages compared to mAbs and show potential for application in personalized treatment for cancer patients. VHH-based imaging and therapy are promising options for improving outcomes of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Li
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Kausilia Krishnawatie Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim TE, Chang JE. Recent Studies in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2257. [PMID: 37765226 PMCID: PMC10535460 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging and less invasive treatment modality for various types of cancer. This review provides an overview of recent trends in PDT research, ranging from basic research to ongoing clinical trials, focusing on different cancer types. Lung cancer, head and neck cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer are discussed in this context. In lung cancer, porfimer sodium, chlorin e6, and verteporfin have shown promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials. For head and neck cancer, PDT has demonstrated effectiveness as an adjuvant treatment after surgery. PDT with temoporfin, redaporfin, photochlor, and IR700 shows potential in early stage larynx cancer and recurrent head and neck carcinoma. Non-melanoma skin cancer has been effectively treated with PDT using methyl aminolevulinate and 5-aminolevulinic acid. In prostate cancer and breast cancer, PDT research is focused on developing targeted photosensitizers to improve tumor-specific uptake and treatment response. In conclusion, PDT continues to evolve as a promising cancer treatment strategy, with ongoing research spanning from fundamental investigations to clinical trials, exploring various photosensitizers and treatment combinations. This review sheds light on the recent advancements in PDT for cancer therapy and highlights its potential for personalized and targeted treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Eun Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
De Pauw T, De Mey L, Debacker JM, Raes G, Van Ginderachter JA, De Groof TWM, Devoogdt N. Current status and future expectations of nanobodies in oncology trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:705-721. [PMID: 37638538 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2249814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized personalized medicine for cancer in recent decades. Despite their broad application in oncology, their large size and complexity may interfere with successful tumor targeting for certain applications of cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nanobodies have unique structural and pharmacological features compared to monoclonal antibodies and have successfully been used as complementary anti-cancer diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools. AREAS COVERED Here, an overview is given of the nanobody-based diagnostics and therapeutics that have been or are currently being tested in oncological clinical trials. Furthermore, preclinical developments, which are likely to be translated into the clinic in the near future, are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Overall, the presented studies show the application potential of nanobodies in the field of oncology, making it likely that more nanobodies will be clinically approved in the upcoming future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa De Pauw
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lynn De Mey
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jens M Debacker
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smeets EMM, Dorst DN, Franssen GM, van Essen MS, Frielink C, Stommel MWJ, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Cheung PF, Siveke JT, Wilson I, Mascioni A, Aarntzen EHJG, van Lith SAM. Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeting Minibody-IRDye700DX for Ablation of the Cancer-Associated Fibroblast with Photodynamic Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1420. [PMID: 37408254 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts, is a target for diagnosis and therapy in multiple tumour types. Strategies to systemically deplete FAP-expressing cells show efficacy; however, these induce toxicities, as FAP-expressing cells are found in normal tissues. FAP-targeted photodynamic therapy offers a solution, as it acts only locally and upon activation. Here, a FAP-binding minibody was conjugated to the chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and the photosensitizer IRDye700DX (DTPA-700DX-MB). DTPA-700DX-MB showed efficient binding to FAP-overexpressing 3T3 murine fibroblasts (3T3-FAP) and induced the protein's dose-dependent cytotoxicity upon light exposure. Biodistribution of DTPA-700DX-MB in mice carrying either subcutaneous or orthotopic tumours of murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDAC299) showed maximal tumour uptake of 111In-labelled DTPA-700DX-MB at 24 h post injection. Co-injection with an excess DTPA-700DX-MB reduced uptake, and autoradiography correlated with FAP expression in the stromal tumour region. Finally, in vivo therapeutic efficacy was determined in two simultaneous subcutaneous PDAC299 tumours; only one was treated with 690 nm light. Upregulation of an apoptosis marker was only observed in the treated tumours. In conclusion, DTPA-700DX-MB binds to FAP-expressing cells and targets PDAC299 tumours in mice with good signal-to-background ratios. Furthermore, the induced apoptosis indicates the feasibility of targeted depletion of FAP-expressing cells with photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther M M Smeets
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne N Dorst
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben M Franssen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merijn S van Essen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne Frielink
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn W J Stommel
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumour Therapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumour Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research Centre, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phyllis F Cheung
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumour Therapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumour Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research Centre, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumour Therapy, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumour Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK Partner Site Essen) and German Cancer Research Centre, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Erik H J G Aarntzen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne A M van Lith
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yamashita S, Kojima M, Onda N, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Trastuzumab-based near-infrared photoimmunotherapy in xenograft mouse of breast cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4579-4589. [PMID: 36259134 PMCID: PMC9972010 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a novel form of cancer treatment using conjugates of antibody against overexpressed antigens in cancers and photoabsorber IRDye700DX. HER2 is overexpressed in various cancers, for which molecular targeted therapy such as trastuzumab has been developed. The present study investigated the efficacy potential of HER2-targeted NIR-PIT using trastuzumab-IRDye700DX conjugate (Tra-IR700) in HER2-positive breast cancer. We first examined the reactivity of Tra-IR700 and the cytotoxicity of NIR-PIT in vitro. HER2-positive BT-474 and SK-BR-3 cells and HER2-negative BT-20 cells were used. Tra-IR700 fluorescence was only observed in HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, and the fluorescence was localized to the cell surface. Furthermore, HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines treated with NIR-PIT showed swelling and blebbing shortly after irradiation, and eventually increased PI-positive dead cells. Next, tumor accumulation of Tra-IR700 and tumor damage by NIR-PIT were examined in vivo. Tra-IR700 was administered intravenously to a xenograft model in which BT-474 cells were implanted subcutaneously in BALB/c nude mice. Tra-IR700 fluorescence was the highest in tumor tissue 1 day after administration, and the fluorescence was localized to the cell membrane of tumor cells. At this time point, NIR-PIT resulted in diffuse necrosis of tumor tissues 1 day after irradiation. These results suggest that NIR-PIT with Tra-IR700 induces a highly selective therapeutic effect in a HER2-positive breast cancer model. NIR-PIT using Tra-IR700 is expected to be a novel treatment for HER2-positive cancers, including breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yamashita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Innovation and Core Technology Management, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Kojima
- Innovation and Core Technology Management, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Onda
- Innovation and Core Technology Management, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma J, Xu X, Fu C, Xia P, Tian M, Zheng L, Chen K, Liu X, Li Y, Yu L, Zhu Q, Yu Y, Fan R, Jiang H, Li Z, Yang C, Xu C, Long Y, Wang J, Li Z. CDH17 nanobodies facilitate rapid imaging of gastric cancer and efficient delivery of immunotoxin. Biomater Res 2022; 26:64. [PMID: 36435809 PMCID: PMC9701387 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is highly desirable to develop new therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer given the low survival rate despite improvement in the past decades. Cadherin 17 (CDH17) is a membrane protein highly expressed in cancers of digestive system. Nanobody represents a novel antibody format for cancer targeted imaging and drug delivery. Nanobody targeting CHD17 as an imaging probe and a delivery vehicle of toxin remains to be explored for its theragnostic potential in gastric cancer. METHODS Naïve nanobody phage library was screened against CDH17 Domain 1-3 and identified nanobodies were extensively characterized with various assays. Nanobodies labeled with imaging probe were tested in vitro and in vivo for gastric cancer detection. A CDH17 Nanobody fused with toxin PE38 was evaluated for gastric cancer inhibition in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Two nanobodies (A1 and E8) against human CDH17 with high affinity and high specificity were successfully obtained. These nanobodies could specifically bind to CDH17 protein and CDH17-positive gastric cancer cells. E8 nanobody as a lead was extensively determined for tumor imaging and drug delivery. It could efficiently co-localize with CDH17-positive gastric cancer cells in zebrafish embryos and rapidly visualize the tumor mass in mice within 3 h when conjugated with imaging dyes. E8 nanobody fused with toxin PE38 showed excellent anti-tumor effect and remarkably improved the mice survival in cell-derived (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The immunotoxin also enhanced the anti-tumor effect of clinical drug 5-Fluorouracil. CONCLUSIONS The study presents a novel imaging and drug delivery strategy by targeting CDH17. CDH17 nanobody-based immunotoxin is potentially a promising therapeutic modality for clinical translation against gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Ma
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Liuhai Zheng
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yilei Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qinchang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Deapartment of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 14157, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhifen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Xing Yun Street, Pingcheng District, Datong, 037009, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China. .,Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei D, Qi J, Hamblin MR, Wen X, Jiang X, Yang H. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy: design and potential applications for cancer treatment and beyond. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:7108-7131. [PMID: 36276636 PMCID: PMC9576624 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed cancer treatment modality based on a target-specific photosensitizer conjugate (TSPC) composed of an NIR phthalocyanine photosensitizer and an antigen-specific recognition system. NIR-PIT has predominantly been used for targeted therapy of tumors via local irradiation with NIR light, following binding of TSPC to antigen-expressing cells. Physical stress-induced membrane damage is thought to be a major mechanism underlying NIR-PIT-triggered photokilling. Notably, NIR-PIT can rapidly induce immunogenic cell death and activate the adaptive immune response, thereby enabling its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, NIR-PIT-triggered “super-enhanced permeability and retention” effects can enhance drug delivery into tumors. Supported by its potential efficacy and safety, NIR-PIT is a rapidly developing therapeutic option for various cancers. Hence, this review seeks to provide an update on the (i) broad range of target molecules suitable for NIR-PIT, (ii) various types of receptor-selective ligands for designing the TSPC “magic bullet,” (iii) NIR light parameters, and (iv) strategies for enhancing the efficacy of NIR-PIT. Moreover, we review the potential application of NIR-PIT, including the specific design and efficacy in 19 different cancer types, and its clinical studies. Finally, we summarize possible NIR-PIT applications in noncancerous conditions, including infection, pain, itching, metabolic disease, autoimmune disease, and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Wei
- Department of Dermatology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,NHC Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinxin Qi
- Department of Dermatology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Chengdu 610041, China.,Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pathology in Clinical Application, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anti-EGF nanobodies enhance the antitumoral effect of osimertinib and overcome resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cellular models. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:195. [PMID: 36071367 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is effective against the EGFR T790M mutation in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance appears invariably due to several mechanisms. The strategy of using EGF-targeted nanobodies (Nbs) to block the initial step of the EGFR pathway constitutes a new research area. Nbs offer several advantages compared to traditional mAbs, such as their reduced size, increased stability, and tissue penetration, which provide key advantages for targeting soluble tumoral growth factors. In this study we investigated the efficacy of anti-EGF Nbs to reduce Osimertinib resistance. Two anti-EGF Nbs, generated in our laboratory, were shown to inhibit cell viability and colony formation in PC9 and PC9-derived osimertinib-resistant cell lines. The combination of these Nbs with osimertinib improved the antitumor efficacy of this EGFR-TKI in cell viability and colony formation experiments. In a mechanistic study of the EGFR pathway, the combination treatment dampened the activation of downstream proteins such as Akt and Erk1/2 MAP kinases. In addition, it increased cellular apoptosis and decreased the expression of Hes1, a cancer stem cell marker involved in metastasis and osimertinib resistance. We conclude that the addition of anti-EGF nanobodies enhances the antitumor properties of osimertinib, thus representing a potentially effective strategy for NSCLC patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ratkaj I, Mušković M, Malatesti N. Targeting Microenvironment of Melanoma and Head and Neck Cancers
in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3261-3299. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210709113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in comparison to other skin cancers,
is still far less effective for melanoma, due to the strong absorbance and the role of
melanin in cytoprotection. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a significant role in
tumour progression, and the hypoxic TME is one of the main reasons for melanoma progression
to metastasis and its resistance to PDT. Hypoxia is also a feature of solid tumours
in the head and neck region that indicates negative prognosis.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to individuate and describe systematically the main
strategies in targeting the TME, especially hypoxia, in PDT against melanoma and head
and neck cancers (HNC), and assess the current success in their application.
Methods:
PubMed was used for searching, in MEDLINE and other databases, for the
most recent publications on PDT against melanoma and HNC in combination with the
TME targeting and hypoxia.
Results:
In PDT for melanoma and HNC, it is very important to control hypoxia levels,
and amongst the different approaches, oxygen self-supply systems are often applied. Vascular
targeting is promising, but to improve it, optimal drug-light interval, and formulation
to increase the accumulation of the photosensitiser in the tumour vasculature, have to
be established. On the other side, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as those interfering
with VEGF signalling, is somewhat less successful than expected and needs to be
further investigated.
Conclusion:
The combination of PDT with immunotherapy by using multifunctional nanoparticles
continues to develop and seems to be the most promising for achieving a
complete and lasting antitumour effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ratkaj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martina Mušković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Awad RM, Meeus F, Ceuppens H, Ertveldt T, Hanssens H, Lecocq Q, Mateusiak L, Zeven K, Valenta H, De Groof TWM, De Vlaeminck Y, Krasniqi A, De Veirman K, Goyvaerts C, D'Huyvetter M, Hernot S, Devoogdt N, Breckpot K. Emerging applications of nanobodies in cancer therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 369:143-199. [PMID: 35777863 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, requiring treatment tailored to the unique phenotype of the patient's tumor. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and variants thereof have enabled targeted therapies to selectively target cancer cells. Cancer cell-specific mAbs have been used for image-guided surgery and targeted delivery of radionuclides or toxic agents, improving classical treatment strategies. Cancer cell-specific mAbs can further inhibit tumor cell growth or can stimulate immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells, a feature that has also been achieved through mAb-mediated manipulation of immune cells and pathways. Drawbacks of mAbs and their variants, together with the discovery of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies and the many advantageous features of their variable domains, referred to as VHHs, single domain antibodies or nanobodies (Nbs), resulted in the exploration of Nbs as an alternative targeting moiety. We therefore review the state-of-the-art as well as novel exploitation strategies of Nbs for targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fien Meeus
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Ceuppens
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Ertveldt
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heleen Hanssens
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Lecocq
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lukasz Mateusiak
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katty Zeven
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hana Valenta
- Lab for Nanobiology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick De Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmet Krasniqi
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Y, Li Q, Kong Y, Wang Z, Lei C, Li J, Ding L, Wang C, Cheng Y, Wei Y, Song Y, Yang Z, Tu C, Ding Y, Ying T. A highly stable human single-domain antibody-drug conjugate exhibits superior penetration and treatment of solid tumors. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2785-2799. [PMID: 35462042 PMCID: PMC9372316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inefficient tumor penetration of therapeutic antibodies has hampered their effective use in treating solid tumors. Here, we report the identification of a fully human single-domain antibody (UdAb), designated as n501, targeting the oncofetal antigen 5T4. The high-resolution crystal structure indicates that n501 adopts a compact structure very similar to that of camelid nanobodies, and binds tightly to all eight leucine-rich repeats of 5T4. Furthermore, the UdAb n501 exhibits exceptionally high stability, with no apparent activity changes over 4 weeks of storage at various temperatures. Importantly, the UdAb-based antibody-drug conjugate (n501-SN38) showed much deeper tumor penetration, significantly higher tumor uptake, and faster accumulation at tumor sites than conventional IgG1-based antibody-drug conjugate (m603-SN38), resulting in improved tumor inhibition. These results highlight the potential of UdAb-based antibody-drug conjugates as a potential class of antitumor therapeutics with characteristics of high stability and strong tumor penetration for the effective treatment of solid tumors.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhan Q, Wu C, Ding H, Huang Y, Jiang Z, Liao N, Wang K, Li Y. Emerging Trends in Photodynamic Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A 10-Year Bibliometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
19
|
Mussini A, Uriati E, Bianchini P, Diaspro A, Cavanna L, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Targeted photoimmunotherapy for cancer. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:126-147. [PMID: 35304984 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure that can exert a curative action against malignant cells. The treatment implies the administration of a photoactive molecular species that, upon absorption of visible or near infrared light, sensitizes the formation of reactive oxygen species. These species are cytotoxic and lead to tumor cell death, damage vasculature, and induce inflammation. Clinical investigations demonstrated that PDT is curative and does not compromise other treatment options. One of the major limitations of the original method was the low selectivity of the photoactive compounds for malignant over healthy tissues. The development of conjugates with antibodies has endowed photosensitizing molecules with targeting capability, so that the compounds are delivered with unprecedented precision to the site of action. Given their fluorescence emission capability, these supramolecular species are intrinsically theranostic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mussini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Uriati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,DIFILAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,DIFILAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavanna
- Dipartimento di Oncologia-Ematologia, Azienda USL di Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università Degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Maat S, Clark CC, Barendrecht AD, Smits S, van Kleef ND, El Otmani H, Waning M, van Moorsel M, Szardenings M, Delaroque N, Vercruysse K, Urbanus RT, Sebastian S, Lenting PJ, Hagemeyer CE, Renné T, Vanhoorelbeke K, Tersteeg C, Maas C. Microlyse: a thrombolytic agent that targets VWF for clearance of microvascular thrombosis. Blood 2022; 139:597-607. [PMID: 34752601 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic microangiopathies are hallmarked by attacks of disseminated microvascular thrombosis. In thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), this is caused by a rise in thrombogenic ultra-large von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers because of ADAMTS13 deficiency. We previously reported that systemic plasminogen activation is therapeutic in a TTP mouse model. In contrast to its natural activators (ie, tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator [uPA]), plasminogen can directly bind to VWF. For optimal efficacy and safety, we aimed to focus and accelerate plasminogen activation at sites of microvascular occlusion. We here describe the development and characterization of Microlyse, a fusion protein consisting of a high-affinity VHH targeting the CT/CK domain of VWF and the protease domain of uPA, for localized plasminogen activation on microthrombi. Microlyse triggers targeted destruction of platelet-VWF complexes by plasmin on activated endothelial cells and in agglutination studies. At equal molar concentrations, Microlyse degrades microthrombi sevenfold more rapidly than blockade of platelet-VWF interactions with a bivalent humanized VHH (caplacizumab*). Finally, Microlyse attenuates thrombocytopenia and tissue damage (reflected by increased plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity, as well as PAI-1 and fibrinogen levels) more efficiently than caplacizumab* in an ADAMTS13-/- mouse model of TTP, without affecting hemostasis in a tail-clip bleeding model. These findings show that targeted thrombolysis of VWF by Microlyse is an effective strategy for the treatment of TTP and might hold value for other forms of VWF-driven thrombotic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven de Maat
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal C Clark
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D Barendrecht
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Smits
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine D van Kleef
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hinde El Otmani
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Waning
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc van Moorsel
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Szardenings
- Epitopic, Leipzig, Germany
- Ligand Development Unit, Fraunhofer IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Rolf T Urbanus
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvie Sebastian
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Lenting
- Laboratory for Haemostasis, Inflammation and Thrombosis, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1176, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudia Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Coen Maas
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aerssens D, Cadoni E, Tack L, Madder A. A Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen ( 1O 2) Toolbox for Bio-Organic Applications: Tailoring 1O 2 Generation for DNA and Protein Labelling, Targeting and Biosensing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030778. [PMID: 35164045 PMCID: PMC8838016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is the excited state of ground, triplet state, molecular oxygen (O2). Photosensitized 1O2 has been extensively studied as one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), responsible for damage of cellular components (protein, DNA, lipids). On the other hand, its generation has been exploited in organic synthesis, as well as in photodynamic therapy for the treatment of various forms of cancer. The aim of this review is to highlight the versatility of 1O2, discussing the main bioorganic applications reported over the past decades, which rely on its production. After a brief introduction on the photosensitized production of 1O2, we will describe the main aspects involving the biologically relevant damage that can accompany an uncontrolled, aspecific generation of this ROS. We then discuss in more detail a series of biological applications featuring 1O2 generation, including protein and DNA labelling, cross-linking and biosensing. Finally, we will highlight the methodologies available to tailor 1O2 generation, in order to accomplish the proposed bioorganic transformations while avoiding, at the same time, collateral damage related to an untamed production of this reactive species.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mączyńska J, Raes F, Da Pieve C, Turnock S, Boult JKR, Hoebart J, Niedbala M, Robinson SP, Harrington KJ, Kaspera W, Kramer-Marek G. Triggering anti-GBM immune response with EGFR-mediated photoimmunotherapy. BMC Med 2022; 20:16. [PMID: 35057796 PMCID: PMC8780306 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection followed by chemo-radiation postpones glioblastoma (GBM) progression and extends patient survival, but these tumours eventually recur. Multimodal treatment plans combining intraoperative techniques that maximise tumour excision with therapies aiming to remodel the immunologically cold GBM microenvironment could improve patients' outcomes. Herein, we report that targeted photoimmunotherapy (PIT) not only helps to define tumour location and margins but additionally promotes activation of anti-GBM T cell response. METHODS EGFR-specific affibody molecule (ZEGFR:03115) was conjugated to IR700. The response to ZEGFR:03115-IR700-PIT was investigated in vitro and in vivo in GBM cell lines and xenograft model. To determine the tumour-specific immune response post-PIT, a syngeneic GBM model was used. RESULTS In vitro findings confirmed the ability of ZEGFR:03115-IR700 to produce reactive oxygen species upon light irradiation. ZEGFR:03115-IR700-PIT promoted immunogenic cell death that triggered the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (calreticulin, ATP, HSP70/90, and HMGB1) into the medium, leading to dendritic cell maturation. In vivo, therapeutic response to light-activated conjugate was observed in brain tumours as early as 1 h post-irradiation. Staining of the brain sections showed reduced cell proliferation, tumour necrosis, and microhaemorrhage within PIT-treated tumours that corroborated MRI T2*w acquisitions. Additionally, enhanced immunological response post-PIT resulted in the attraction and activation of T cells in mice bearing murine GBM brain tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our data underline the potential of ZEGFR:03115-IR700 to accurately visualise EGFR-positive brain tumours and to destroy tumour cells post-conjugate irradiation turning an immunosuppressive tumour environment into an immune-vulnerable one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mączyńska
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Florian Raes
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Chiara Da Pieve
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Stephen Turnock
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Jessica K R Boult
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Julia Hoebart
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Marcin Niedbala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Regional Hospital, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Wojciech Kaspera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Regional Hospital, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ulfo L, Costantini PE, Di Giosia M, Danielli A, Calvaresi M. EGFR-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020241. [PMID: 35213974 PMCID: PMC8879084 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and metastatization of cancer cells. Aberrancies in the expression and activation of EGFR are hallmarks of many human malignancies. As such, EGFR-targeted therapies hold significant potential for the cure of cancers. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained increased interest as a non-invasive cancer treatment. In PDT, a photosensitizer is excited by light to produce reactive oxygen species, resulting in local cytotoxicity. One of the critical aspects of PDT is to selectively transport enough photosensitizers to the tumors environment. Accordingly, an increasing number of strategies have been devised to foster EGFR-targeted PDT. Herein, we review the recent nanobiotechnological advancements that combine the promise of PDT with EGFR-targeted molecular cancer therapy. We recapitulate the chemistry of the sensitizers and their modes of action in PDT, and summarize the advantages and pitfalls of different targeting moieties, highlighting future perspectives for EGFR-targeted photodynamic treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ulfo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (P.E.C.)
| | - Paolo Emidio Costantini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (P.E.C.)
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (P.E.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mashayekhi V, Oliveira S. Conjugation of IRDye Photosensitizers or Fluorophores to Nanobodies. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:495-503. [PMID: 35505027 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorophores have been conjugated to nanobodies for approximately a decade, for several applications in molecular biology. More recently, photosensitizers have been conjugated to nanobodies for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). The most common chemistry is the random conjugation in which commercial fluorophores or photosensitizers contain a N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS ester) group that reacts specifically and efficiently with lysines in the amino acid sequence of the nanobody and with the N-terminal amino groups to form a stable amide bond. Alternatively, maleimide-containing fluorophores or photosensitizers can be used for conjugation to thiols, in a site-directed manner through a cysteine incorporated at the C-terminal of the nanobody. This chapter addresses both conjugation strategies, providing details on the reaction conditions, purification, and characterization of the conjugates obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Beltrán Hernández I, De Groof TWM, Heukers R, Oliveira S. In Vitro Assessment of Binding Affinity, Selectivity, Uptake, Intracellular Degradation, and Toxicity of Nanobody-Photosensitizer Conjugates. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:505-520. [PMID: 35505028 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers have recently been conjugated to nanobodies for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) to selectively kill cancer cells. The success of this approach relies on nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates that bind specifically to their targets with very high affinities (kD in low nM range). Subsequently, upon illumination, these conjugates are very toxic and selective to cells overexpressing the target of interest (EC50 in low nM range). In this chapter, protocols are described to determine the binding affinity of the nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates and assess the toxicity and selectivity of the conjugates when performing in vitro PDT studies. In addition, and because the efficacy of PDT also depends on the (subcellular) localization of the conjugates at the time of illumination, assays are described to investigate the uptake and the intracellular degradation of the nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van Driel PBAA, Keereweer S, Lowik CWGM, Oliveira S. Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Nanobody-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy in an Orthotopic Head and Neck Cancer Model. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:521-531. [PMID: 35505029 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has a great therapeutic potential because it induces local cellular cytotoxicity upon application of a laser light that excites a photosensitizer, leading to toxic reactive oxygen species. Nevertheless, PDT still is underutilized in the clinic, mostly because of damage induced to normal surrounding tissues. Efforts have been made to improve the specificity. Nanobody-targeted PDT is one of such approaches, in which the variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies, i.e., nanobodies, are used to target photosensitizers selectively to cancer cells. In vitro studies are certainly very valuable to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PDT approaches, but many aspects such as bio-distribution of the photosensitizers, penetration through tissues, and clearance are not taken into account. In vivo studies are therefore essential to assess the influence of such factors, in order to gain more insights into the therapeutic potential of a treatment under development. This chapter describes the development of an orthotopic model of head and neck cancer, to which nanobody-targeted PDT is applied, and the therapeutic potential is assessed by immunohistochemistry one day after PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter B A A van Driel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Keereweer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Lowik
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
de Bruijn HS, Seynhaeve ALB, Ten Hagen TLM, Oliveira S, Robinson DJ. Assessment of the In Vivo Response to Nanobody-Targeted PDT Through Intravital Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:533-545. [PMID: 35505030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methods that allow real-time, longitudinal, intravital detection of the fluorescence distribution and the cellular and vascular responses within tumor and normal tissue are important tools to obtain valuable information when investigating new photosensitizers and photodynamic therapy (PDT) responses. Intravital confocal microscopy using the dorsal skinfold chamber model gives the opportunity to visualize and determine the distribution of photosensitizers within tumor and normal tissue. Next to that, it also allows the visualization of the effect of treatment with respect to changes in vascular diameter and blood flow, vascular leakage, and tissue necrosis, in the first days post-illumination. Here, we describe the preparation of the skinfold chamber model and the intravital microscopy techniques involved, for a strategy we recently introduced, that is, the nanobody-targeted PDT. In this particular approach, photosensitizers are conjugated to nanobodies to target these specifically to cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriette S de Bruijn
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ann L B Seynhaeve
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Deken MM, Bhairosingh SS, Vahrmeijer AL, Oliveira S. Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model to Investigate the Therapeutic Efficacy of Nanobody-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:547-556. [PMID: 35505031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is characterized by the local application of laser light, which activates a photosensitizer to lead to the formation of singlet oxygen and other toxic reactive oxygen species, to finally kill cells. Recently, photosensitizers have been conjugated to nanobodies to render PDT more selective to cancer cells. Nanobodies are the smallest naturally derived antibody fragments from heavy-chain antibodies that exist in animals of the Camelidae family. Indeed, we have shown that nanobody-targeted PDT can lead to extensive and selective tumor damage, and thus the subsequent step is to assess whether this damage can delay or even inhibit tumor growth in vivo. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PDT, mouse models are mostly employed in which human tumors are grown subcutaneously in the flank of the animals. Although very useful, it has been suggested that these tumors are further away from their natural environment and that tumors developed in the organ or tissue of origin would be closer to the natural situation. Thus, this chapter describes the development of an orthotopic model of breast cancer and the application of nanobody-targeted PDT, for the assessment of the therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Deken
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tasso TT, Baptista MS. Photosensitized Oxidation of Intracellular Targets: Understanding the Mechanisms to Improve the Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:261-283. [PMID: 35505023 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of improved photosensitizers is a key aspect in the establishment of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a reliable treatment modality. In this chapter, we discuss how molecular design can lead to photosensitizers with higher selectivity and better efficiency, with focus on the importance of specific intracellular targeting in determining the cell death mechanism and, consequently, the PDT outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Teixeira Tasso
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mashayekhi V, Schooten E, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Kijanka MM, Oliveira S. Nanobody-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy: Nanobody Production and Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:481-493. [PMID: 35505026 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies have recently been introduced to the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a very promising strategy to target photosensitizers selectively to cancer cells. Nanobodies are known for their characteristic small size (15 kDa), high specificity, and high binding affinities. These features allow rapid accumulation of nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates at the tumor site and rapid clearance of unbound fractions, and thus illumination for activation is possible 1 or 2 h postinjection. Preclinical studies have shown extensive tumor damage after nanobody-targeted PDT . This chapter addresses the first steps toward preparing nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates, which are the nanobody production and purification. The protocol for nanobody production addresses either medium- or large-scale bacterial expression, while the nanobody purification is described for two main strategies: affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. For the first strategy, protocols are described for different affinity tags and purification from either medium-scale or large-scale productions. For the second strategy, the protocol given is for purification from a large-scale production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu F, Wang BR, Zhu ZF, Wang SQ, Chai CX, Shang D, Li M. Photodynamic therapy: A next alternative treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma? World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:1523-1535. [PMID: 35070061 PMCID: PMC8727193 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Of all types of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be the most frequent primary liver malignancy and has seriously compromised the health status of the general population. Locoregional thermal ablation techniques such as radiofrequency and microwave ablation, have attracted attention in clinical practice as an alternative strategy for HCC treatment. However, their aggressive thermal effect may cause undesirable complications such as hepatic decompensation, hemorrhage, bile duct injury, extrahepatic organ injuries, and skin burn. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT), a gentle locoregional treatment, has attracted attention in ablation therapy for patients with superficial or luminal tumors as an alternative treatment strategy. However, some inherent defects and extrinsic factors of PDT have limited its use in clinical practice for deep-seated HCC. In this contribution, the aim is to summarize the current status and challenges of PDT in HCC treatment and provide potential strategies to overcome these deficiencies in further clinical translational practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bi-Rong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Puai Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Si-Qin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chu-Xing Chai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Shang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun X, Chen K, Liu Y, Zhang G, Shi M, Shi P, Zhang S. Metal-organic framework combined with CaO 2 nanoparticles for enhanced and targeted photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6669-6677. [PMID: 36132652 PMCID: PMC9418691 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been rapidly developed as an effective therapeutic approach in clinical settings. However, hypoxia seriously limits the effectiveness of PDT. Here, we report a porphyrin-based metal-organic framework combined with hyaluronate-modified CaO2 nanoparticles (PCN-224-CaO2-HA) to target and enhance PDT efficacy. CaO2 reacts with H2O or weak acid to produce O2, overcoming the hypoxia problem. Hyaluronate protects CaO2 and specifically targets the CD44 receptor, which is highly expressed on tumor cell membranes, performing targeted therapy. After PDT treatment in vitro, the survival rates of 4T1 and MCF-7 tumor cells were 14.58% and 22.45%, respectively. The fluorescence imaging showed that PCN-224-CaO2-HA effectively aggregated in the tumor after 12 h of its intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice. PCN-224-CaO2-HA exhibited efficacious tumor growth inhibition via enhanced PDT. Overall, this nanosystem providing in situ oxygen production was successfully used for targeted PDT with a significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University Linyi 276000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Kaixiu Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University Linyi 276000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yingyan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University Linyi 276000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Guoda Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University Linyi 276000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University Linyi 276000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University Linyi 276000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University Linyi 276000 Shandong P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Della Sala F, Fabozzi A, di Gennaro M, Nuzzo S, Makvandi P, Solimando N, Pagliuca M, Borzacchiello A. Advances in Hyaluronic-Acid-Based (Nano)Devices for Cancer Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100304. [PMID: 34657388 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the main cause of fatality all over the world with a considerable growth rate. Many biologically active nanoplatforms are exploited for tumor treatment. Of nanodevices, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based systems have shown to be promising candidates for cancer therapy due to their high biocompatibility and cell internalization. Herein, surface functionalization of different nanoparticles (NPs), e.g., organic- and inorganic-based NPs, is highlighted. Subsequently, HA-based nanostructures and their applications in cancer therapy are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Della Sala
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Mario di Gennaro
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Stefano Nuzzo
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Nicola Solimando
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pagliuca
- Altergon Italia s.r.l, Zona Industriale ASI, Morra De Sanctis (AV), 83040, Italy
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Naples, 80125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Al-Baradie RS. Nanobodies as versatile tools: A focus on targeted tumor therapy, tumor imaging and diagnostics. Hum Antibodies 2021; 28:259-272. [PMID: 32831197 DOI: 10.3233/hab-200425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and vaccines have widely been studied for the immunotherapy of cancer, though their large size appears to limit their functionality in solid tumors, in large part due to unique properties of tumor microenvironment. Smaller formats of antibodies have been developed to throw such restrictions. These small format antibodies include antigen binding fragments, single-chain variable fragments, single variable domain of camelid antibody (so-called nanobody (Nb) or VHH). Since their serendipitous discovery, nanobodies have been studies at length in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapy. These antigen binding fragments, originating from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, possess unusual hallmarks in terms of (small) size, stability, solubility and specificity, hence allowing cost-effective production and sometimes out performing monoclonal antibodies. In addition, these small camelid heavy-chain antibodies are highly adaptable tools for cancer research as they enable specific modulation of targets, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins alike. Molecular imaging studies benefit from the rapid, homogeneous tumor accumulation of nanobodies and their fast blood clearance, permitting previously unattainable fast tumor visualization. Moreover, they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as inhibitors of receptor-ligand pairs and deliverers of drugs or drug-loaded nanoparticles towards tumors. In this review, we shed light on the current status of nanobodies in diagnosis and imaging of tumor and exploiting nanobodies revert immunosuppressive events, modulation of immune checkpoints, and as deliverers of drugs for targeted tumor therapy.
Collapse
|
36
|
Beltrán Hernández I, Grinwis GC, Di Maggio A, van Bergen en Henegouwen PM, Hennink WE, Teske E, Hesselink JW, van Nimwegen SA, Mol JA, Oliveira S. Nanobody-targeted photodynamic therapy for the treatment of feline oral carcinoma: a step towards translation to the veterinary clinic. NANOPHOTONICS 2021; 10:3075-3087. [PMID: 36405501 PMCID: PMC9646246 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanobody-targeted photodynamic therapy (NB-PDT) has been developed as a potent and tumor-selective treatment, using nanobodies (NBs) to deliver a photosensitizer (PS) specifically to cancer cells. Upon local light application, reactive oxygen species are formed and consequent cell death occurs. NB-PDT has preclinically shown evident success and we next aim to treat cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which has very limited therapeutic options and is regarded as a natural model of human head and neck SCC. Immunohistochemistry of feline OSCC tissue confirmed that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a relevant target with expression in cancer cells and not in the surrounding stroma. Three feline OSCC cell lines were employed together with a well-characterized human cancer cell line (HeLa), all with similar EGFR expression, and a low EGFR-expressing human cell line (MCF7), mirroring the EGFR expression level in the surrounding mucosal stroma. NBA was identified as a NB binding human and feline EGFR with comparable high affinity. This NB was developed into NiBh, a NB-PS conjugate with high PS payload able to effectively kill feline OSCC and HeLa cell lines, after illumination. Importantly, the specificity of NB-PDT was confirmed in co-cultures where only the feline OSCC cells were killed while surrounding MCF7 cells were unaffected. Altogether, NiBh can be used for NB-PDT to treat feline OSCC and further advance NB-PDT towards the human clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CGUtrecht, the Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guillaume C.M. Grinwis
- Department of Biomedical Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CLUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alessia Di Maggio
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M.P. van Bergen en Henegouwen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CGUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CMUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Hesselink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CMUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan A. van Nimwegen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CMUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CMUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CGUtrecht, the Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CHUtrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang L, Zhang G, Qin L, Ye H, Wang Y, Long B, Jiao Z. Anti-EGFR Binding Nanobody Delivery System to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Solid Tumours. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:200-211. [PMID: 32885759 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200904111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and members of its homologous protein family mediate transmembrane signal transduction by binding to a specific ligand, which leads to regulated cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and metastasis. With the development and application of Genetically Engineered Antibodies (GEAs), Nanobodies (Nbs) constitute a new research hot spot in many diseases. A Nb is characterized by its low molecular weight, deep tissue penetration, good solubility and high antigen-binding affinity, the anti-EGFR Nbs are of significance for the diagnosis and treatment of EGFR-positive tumours. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the information about the molecular structure of EGFR and its transmembrane signal transduction mechanism, and discuss the anti-EGFR-Nbs influence on the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours. METHODS Data were obtained from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. All patents are searched from the following websites: the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO®), the United States Patent Trademark Office (USPTO®) and Google Patents. RESULTS EGFR is a key target for regulating transmembrane signaling. The anti-EGFR-Nbs for targeted drugs could effectively improve the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours. CONCLUSION EGFR plays a role in transmembrane signal transduction. The Nbs, especially anti- EGFR-Nbs, have shown effectiveness in the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumours. How to increase the affinity of Nb and reduce its immunogenicity remain a great challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Gengyuan Zhang
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Long Qin
- The Cuiying Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Huili Ye
- The Cuiying Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Cuiying Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Long
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zuoyi Jiao
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Perrotti V, Caponio VCA, Mascitti M, Lo Muzio L, Piattelli A, Rubini C, Capone E, Sala G. Therapeutic Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugate-Based Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3126. [PMID: 34206707 PMCID: PMC8269333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to deliver potent cytotoxic agents into tumor tissues. During the last two decades, a plethora of ADCs have been successfully developed and used for several indications, including hematologic and solid tumors. In this work, we systematically reviewed the progress in ADC development for the treatment of HNC. METHODS This review was registered in PROSPERO database. A comprehensive search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science database. RESULTS In total, 19 studies were included. Due to the significant heterogeneity of the outcome measures, meta-analysis was not performed, and data were summarized in tables. HNC results are poorly represented in the cohorts of completed clinical trials; published data are mostly focused on safety evaluation rather than efficacy of ADCs. CONCLUSIONS Although several novel agents against a wide range of different antigens were investigated, showing promising results at a preclinical level, most of the targets reported in this review are not specific for HNC; hence, the development of ADCs tailored for the HNC phenotype could open up new therapeutic perspectives. Moreover, the results from the present systematic review call attention to how limited is the application of current clinical trials in HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città S. Angelo, 65121 Pescara, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Città S. Angelo, 65121 Pescara, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kang W, Ding C, Zheng D, Ma X, Yi L, Tong X, Wu C, Xue C, Yu Y, Zhou Q. Nanobody Conjugates for Targeted Cancer Therapy and Imaging. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211010117. [PMID: 33929911 PMCID: PMC8111546 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional antibody-based targeted cancer therapy is one of the most promising avenues of successful cancer treatment, with the potential to reduce toxic side effects to healthy cells surrounding tumor cells. However, the full potential of antibodies is severely limited due to their large size, low stability, slow clearance, and high immunogenicity. Alternatively, recently discovered nanobodies, which are the smallest naturally occurring antigen-binding format, have shown great potential for addressing these limitations. Bioconjugation of nanobodies to functional groups such as toxins, enzymes, radionucleotides, and fluorophores can improve the efficacy and potency of nanobodies, enhance their in vivo pharmacokinetics, and expand the range of potential applications. Herein, we review the superior characteristics of nanobodies in comparison to conventional antibodies and provide insight into recent developments in nanobody conjugates for targeted cancer therapy and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuanfeng Ding
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danni Zheng
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lun Yi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyi Tong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Chuang Wu
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuang Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sun S, Ding Z, Yang X, Zhao X, Zhao M, Gao L, Chen Q, Xie S, Liu A, Yin S, Xu Z, Lu X. Nanobody: A Small Antibody with Big Implications for Tumor Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2337-2356. [PMID: 33790553 PMCID: PMC7997558 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s297631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of monoclonal antibody treatments for successful tumor-targeted therapies took several decades. However, the efficacy of antibody-based therapy is still confined and desperately needs further improvement. Nanobodies are the recombinant variable domains of heavy-chain-only antibodies, with many unique properties such as small size (~15kDa), excellent solubility, superior stability, ease of manufacture, quick clearance from blood, and deep tissue penetration, which gain increasing acceptance as therapeutical tools and are considered also as building blocks for chimeric antigen receptors as well as for targeted drug delivery. Thus, one of the promising novel developments that may address the deficiency of monoclonal antibody-based therapies is the utilization of nanobodies. This article provides readers the significant factors that the structural and biochemical properties of nanobodies and the research progress on nanobodies in the fields of tumor treatment, as well as their application prospect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Sun
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Ding
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minlong Zhao
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qu Chen
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenxia Xie
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiqun Liu
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihua Yin
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- International Nanobody Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xenaki KT, Dorresteijn B, Muns JA, Adamzek K, Doulkeridou S, Houthoff H, Oliveira S, van Bergen en Henegouwen PMP. Homogeneous tumor targeting with a single dose of HER2-targeted albumin-binding domain-fused nanobody-drug conjugates results in long-lasting tumor remission in mice. Theranostics 2021; 11:5525-5538. [PMID: 33859761 PMCID: PMC8039960 DOI: 10.7150/thno.57510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The non-homogenous distribution of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) within solid tumors is a major limiting factor for their wide clinical application. Nanobodies have been shown to rapidly penetrate into xenografts, achieving more homogeneous tumor targeting. However, their rapid renal clearance can hamper their application as nanobody drug conjugates (NDCs). Here, we evaluate whether half-life extension via non-covalent interaction with albumin can benefit the efficacy of a HER2-targeted NDC. Methods: HER2-targeted nanobody 11A4 and the irrelevant nanobody R2 were genetically fused to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) at their C-terminus. Binding to both albumin and tumor cells was determined by ELISA-based assays. The internalization potential as well as the in vitro efficacy of NDCs were tested on HER2 expressing cells. Serum half-life of iodinated R2 and R2-ABD was studied in tumor-free mice. The distribution of fluorescently labelled 11A4 and 11A4-ABD was assessed in vitro in 3D spheroids. Subsequently, the in vivo distribution was evaluated by optical molecular imaging and ex vivo by tissue biodistribution and tumor immunohistochemical analysis after intravenous injection of IRDye800-conjugated nanobodies in mice bearing HER2-positive subcutaneous xenografts. Finally, efficacy studies were performed in HER2-positive NCI-N87 xenograft-bearing mice intravenously injected with a single dose (250 nmol/kg) of nanobodies conjugated to auristatin F (AF) either via a maleimide or the organic Pt(II)‑based linker, coined Lx®. Results: 11A4-ABD was able to bind albumin and HER2 and was internalized by HER2 expressing cells, irrespective of albumin presence. Interaction with albumin did not alter its distribution through 3D spheroids. Fusion to ABD resulted in a 14.8-fold increase in the serum half-life, as illustrated with the irrelevant nanobody. Furthermore, ABD fusion prolonged the accumulation of 11A4-ABD in HER2-expressing xenografts without affecting the expected homogenous intratumoral distribution. Next to that, reduced kidney retention of ABD-fused nanobodies was observed. Finally, a single dose administration of either 11A4-ABD-maleimide-AF or 11A4-ABD-Lx-AF led to long-lasting tumor remission in HER2-positive NCI-N87 xenograft-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that genetic fusion of a nanobody to ABD can significantly extend serum half-life, resulting in prolonged and homogenous tumor accumulation. Most importantly, as supported by the impressive anti-tumor efficacy observed after a single dose administration of 11A4-ABD-AF, our data reveal that monovalent internalizing ABD-fused nanobodies have potential for the development of highly effective NDCs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hu Y, Sun Y, Gu J, Yang F, Wu S, Zhang C, Ji X, Lv H, Muyldermans S, Wang S. Selection of specific nanobodies to develop an immuno-assay detecting Staphylococcus aureus in milk. Food Chem 2021; 353:129481. [PMID: 33725546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between conventional immunoglobulins (Igs) and the Ig-binding surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) have obstructed the development of immuno-assays to detect these bacteria. The current study aimed to select nanobodies (Nbs) recognizing specifically S. aureus and to establish an immuno-assay to uncover S. aureus contaminations in foods. An alpaca was immunized with an inactivated S. aureus strain followed by the construction of a Nb library from which four target-specific Nbs were retrieved. Subsequently, a sandwich ELISA employing the Nb147 and biotinylated-Nb147 pair to capture and to detect S. aureus, respectively, was established to possess a detection limit of 1.4 × 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The dedicated immuno-assay has been verified by detecting 10 CFU/mL of S. aureus in milk samples after an 8 h-enrichment step. This study provides the basis of an easy, reproducible and effective immuno-assay to screen for S. aureus contaminations in foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiaxin Gu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Feier Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sihao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuemeng Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huan Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Olek M, Machorowska-Pieniążek A, Olek K, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma - The state of the art in preclinical research on the animal model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102236. [PMID: 33639322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma is a common cancer of the head and neck region. Due to the frequency of diagnoses, high rate of mortality, mutilating nature of classic therapy and numerous complications, new methods of treatment are being sought. One promising solution for treatment that is utilized in many fields of oncology is photodynamic therapy. The purpose of this article is to present a general overview of the use of photodynamic therapy in preclinical in vivo studies on the animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search for articles corresponding to the topic of this review was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases using the following keywords: 'oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma,' 'photodynamic therapy,' 'photosensitizer(s),' 'in vivo', and 'animal model'. RESULTS Based on the literature review, the two most used animal models can be distinguished in research on the use of photodynamic therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Studies mainly focus on the evaluation of tumor growth inhibition after using therapies with various photosensitizers on the murine or hamster cheek pouch models. CONCLUDING REMARKS The animal model is a part of preclinical research. Unfortunately, each of the models has its limitations, so it is difficult to extrapolate the results to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Olek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Olek
- Department of Dental Propedeutics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Unique Benefits of Tumor-Specific Nanobodies for Fluorescence Guided Surgery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020311. [PMID: 33670740 PMCID: PMC7921980 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific fluorescence labeling is promising for real-time visualization of solid malignancies during surgery. There are a number of technologies to confer tumor-specific fluorescence. Antibodies have traditionally been used due to their versatility in modifications; however, their large size hampers efficient fluorophore delivery. Nanobodies are a novel class of molecules, derived from camelid heavy-chain only antibodies, that have shown promise for tumor-specific fluorescence labeling. Nanobodies are ten times smaller than standard antibodies, while maintaining antigen-binding capacity and have advantageous features, including rapidity of tumor labeling, that are reviewed in the present report. The present report reviews special considerations needed in developing nanobody probes, the status of current literature on the use of nanobody probes in fluorescence guided surgery, and potential challenges to be addressed for clinical translation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Bhandari C, Guirguis M, Savan NA, Shrivastava N, Oliveira S, Hasan T, Obaid G. What NIR photodynamic activation offers molecular targeted nanomedicines: Perspectives into the conundrum of tumor specificity and selectivity. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101052. [PMID: 33552231 PMCID: PMC7864390 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) photodynamic activation is playing increasingly critical roles in cutting-edge anti-cancer nanomedicines, which include spatiotemporal control over induction of therapy, photodynamic priming, and phototriggered immunotherapy. Molecular targeted photonanomedicines (mt-PNMs) are tumor-specific nanoscale drug delivery systems, which capitalize on the unparalleled spatio-temporal precision of NIR photodynamic activation to augment the accuracy of tumor tissue treatment. mt-PNMs are emerging as a paradigm approach for the targeted treatment of solid tumors, yet remain highly complex and multifaceted. While ligand targeted nanomedicines in general suffer from interdependent challenges in biophysics, surface chemistry and nanotechnology, mt-PNMs provide distinct opportunities to synergistically potentiate the effects of ligand targeting. This review provides what we believe to be a much-need demarcation between the processes involved in tumor specificity (biomolecular recognition events) and tumor selectivity (preferential tumor accumulation) of ligand targeted nanomedicines, such as mt-PNMs, and elaborate on what NIR photodynamic activation has to offer. We discuss the interplay between both tumor specificity and tumor selectivity and the degree to which both may play central roles in cutting-edge NIR photoactivable nanotechnologies. A special emphasis is made on NIR photoactivable biomimetic nanotechnologies that capitalize on both specificity and selectivity phenomena to augment the safety and efficacy of photodynamic anti-tumor regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Bhandari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - Mina Guirguis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - N. Anna Savan
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, U.S
| | - Navadeep Shrivastava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U.S
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
de Lima NRB, de Souza Junior FG, Roullin VG, Pal K, da Silva ND. Head and Neck Cancer Treatments from Chemotherapy to Magnetic Systems: Perspectives and Challenges. Curr Radiopharm 2021; 15:2-20. [PMID: 33511961 DOI: 10.2174/1874471014999210128183231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the diseases causing society's fears as a stigma of death and pain. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignant neoplasms of different locations in this region of the human body. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil, because these malignant neoplasias, in most cases, are diagnosed in late phases. Surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy encompass the forefront of antineoplastic therapy; however, the numerous side effects associated with these therapeutic modalities are well known. Some treatments present enough potential to help or replace conventional treatments, such as Magnetic Hyperthermia and Photodynamic Therapy. Such approaches require the development of new materials at the nanoscale, able to carry out the loading of their active components while presenting characteristics of biocompatibility mandatory for biomedical applications. OBJECTIVE This work aims to make a bibliographical review of HNSCC treatments. Recent techniques proven effective in other types of cancer were highlighted and raised discussion and reflections on current methods and possibilities of enhancing the treatment of HNSCC. METHOD The study was based on a bibliometric research between the years 2008 and 2019 using the following keywords: Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy, and Hyperthermia. RESULTS A total of 5.151.725 articles were found, 3.712.670 about cancer, 175.470 on Head and Neck Cancer, 398.736 on Radiotherapy, 760.497 on Chemotherapy, 53.830 on Hyperthermia, and 50.522 on Photodynamic Therapy. CONCLUSION The analysis shows that there is still much room for expanding research, especially for alternative therapies since most of the studies still focus on conventional treatments and on the quest to overcome their side effects. The scientific community needs to keep looking for more effective therapies generating fewer side effects for the patient. Currently, the so-called alternative therapies are being used in combination with the conventional ones, but the association of these new therapies shows great potential, in other types of cancer, to improve the treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathali R B de Lima
- Biopolymer & Sensors Lab. - Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Zip code 21941-909,. Brazil
| | - Fernando G de Souza Junior
- Biopolymer & Sensors Lab. - Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Zip code 21941-909,. Brazil
| | - Valérie G Roullin
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal, Pavillon Jean-Coutu, 2940 chemin de la polytechnique Montreal QC, H3T 1J4,. Canada
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 8 East Lake South Road. Wuchang 430072,. China
| | - Nathalia D da Silva
- Programa de Engenharia da Nanotecnologia, COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, bloco I. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro,. Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Renard E, Collado Camps E, Canovas C, Kip A, Gotthardt M, Rijpkema M, Denat F, Goncalves V, van Lith SAM. Site-Specific Dual-Labeling of a VHH with a Chelator and a Photosensitizer for Nuclear Imaging and Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of EGFR-Positive Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:428. [PMID: 33498707 PMCID: PMC7865570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Variable domains of heavy chain only antibodies (VHHs) are valuable agents for application in tumor theranostics upon conjugation to both a diagnostic probe and a therapeutic compound. Here, we optimized site-specific conjugation of the chelator DTPA and the photosensitizer IRDye700DX to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) VHH 7D12, for applications in nuclear imaging and photodynamic therapy. 7D12 was site-specifically equipped with bimodal probe DTPA-tetrazine-IRDye700DX using the dichlorotetrazine conjugation platform. Binding, internalization and light-induced toxicity of DTPA-IRDye700DX-7D12 were determined using EGFR-overexpressing A431 cells. Finally, ex vivo biodistribution of DTPA-IRDye700DX-7D12 in A431 tumor-bearing mice was performed, and tumor homing was visualized with SPECT and fluorescence imaging. DTPA-IRDye700DX-7D12 was retrieved with a protein recovery of 43%, and a degree of labeling of 0.56. Spectral properties of the IRDye700DX were retained upon conjugation. 111In-labeled DTPA-IRDye700DX-7D12 bound specifically to A431 cells, and they were effectively killed upon illumination. DTPA-IRDye700DX-7D12 homed to A431 xenografts in vivo, and this could be visualized with both SPECT and fluorescence imaging. In conclusion, the dichlorotetrazine platform offers a feasible method for site-specific dual-labeling of VHH 7D12, retaining binding affinity and therapeutic efficacy. The flexibility of the described approach makes it easy to vary the nature of the probes for other combinations of diagnostic and therapeutic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Renard
- Institute de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (E.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Estel Collado Camps
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Coline Canovas
- Institute de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (E.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Annemarie Kip
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Franck Denat
- Institute de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (E.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Victor Goncalves
- Institute de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (E.R.); (C.C.); (F.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Sanne A. M. van Lith
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.K.); (M.G.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu M, Li L, Jin D, Liu Y. Nanobody-A versatile tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1697. [PMID: 33470555 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinic for tumor treatment, their applications are still hampered in therapeutic development due to limitations, such as tumor penetration and high cost of manufacture. Nanobody, a single domain antibody that holds the strong antigen targeting and binding capacity, has demonstrated various advantages relative to antibody. Nanobody is considered as a next-generation of antibody-derived tool in the antigen related recognition and modulation. A number of nanobodies have been developed and evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for cancer treatment. Here we summarized the current progress of nanobody in tumor diagnosis and therapeutics, particularly on the conjugation of nanobody with functional moieties. The nanobody conjugation of diagnostic agents, such as radionuclide and optical tracers, can achieve specific tumor imaging. The nanobody-drug conjugates can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor drugs and reduce the adverse effects. The decoration of nanobody on nanodrug delivery systems can further improve the drug targeting to specific tumors. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Duo Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bao G, Tang M, Zhao J, Zhu X. Nanobody: a promising toolkit for molecular imaging and disease therapy. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:6. [PMID: 33464410 PMCID: PMC7815856 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanobodies are the recombinant variable domains of heavy-chain-only antibodies, with many unique properties such as small size, excellent solubility, superior stability, quick clearance from blood, and deep tissue penetration. As a result, nanobodies have become a promising tool for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. As imaging tracers, nanobodies allow an early acquisition of high-quality images, provide a comprehensive evaluation of the disease, and subsequently enable a personalized precision therapy. As therapeutic agents, nanobodies enable a targeted therapy by lesion-specific delivery of drugs and effector domains, thereby improving the specificity and efficacy of the therapy. Up to date, a wide variety of nanobodies have been developed for a broad range of molecular targets and have played a significant role in patients with a broad spectrum of diseases. In this review, we aim to outline the current state-of-the-art research on the nanobodies for medical applications and then discuss the challenges and strategies for their further clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Bao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sun Z, Wang X, Liu J, Wang Z, Wang W, Kong D, Leng X. ICG/l-Arginine Encapsulated PLGA Nanoparticle-Thermosensitive Hydrogel Hybrid Delivery System for Cascade Cancer Photodynamic-NO Therapy with Promoted Collagen Depletion in Tumor Tissues. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:928-939. [PMID: 33427470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is promising for clinical cancer therapy; however, the efficacy was limited as an individual treatment regimen. Here, an approach synergistically combining PDT and nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy along with destruction of the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) was presented to eliminate cancer. Specifically, the NO donor l-arginine (l-Arg) and the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were co-encapsulated in poly(lactic-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and then loaded into the poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL) hydrogel to develop an injectable, thermosensitive dual drug delivery system (PLGA@ICG@l-Arg/Gel). Significantly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by PLGA@ICG@l-Arg/Gel under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation could not only result in the apoptosis of cancer cells but also oxidize l-Arg to generate NO, which could suppress the proliferation of cancer cells. Moreover, ROS could further oxidize NO to generate peroxynitrite anions (ONOO-). ONOO- could activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which notably degraded collagen in ECM so as to damage the tumor microenvironment. PLGA@ICG@l-Arg/Gel significantly increased the antitumor efficacy against highly malignant 4T1 tumors in mice. Taken together, PLGA@ICG@l-Arg/Gel is a multifunctional platform that provides a novel strategy for cancer treatment with cascade amplification of the ROS oxidation effect, which holds great potential in clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xigang Leng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|