1
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Sundberg JP, Rice RH. Phenotyping mice with skin, hair, or nail abnormalities: A systematic approach and methodologies from simple to complex. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:829-842. [PMID: 37191004 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231170329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The skin and adnexa can be difficult to interpret because they change dramatically with the hair cycle throughout life. However, a variety of methods are commonly available to collect skin and perform assays that can be useful for figuring out morphological and molecular changes. This overview provides information on basic approaches to evaluate skin and its molecular phenotype, with references for more detail, and interpretation of results on the skin and adnexa in the mouse. These approaches range from mouse genetic nomenclature, setting up a cutaneous phenotyping study, skin grafts, hair follicle reconstitution, wax stripping, electron microscopy, and Köbner reaction to very specific approaches such as lipid and protein analyses on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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2
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Tamiya H, Urushihara N, Shizuma K, Ogawa H, Nakai S, Wakamatsu T, Takenaka S, Kakunaga S. SHARPIN Enhances Ferroptosis in Synovial Sarcoma Cells via NF-κB- and PRMT5-Mediated PGC1α Reduction. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3484. [PMID: 37444594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer for which new therapeutic agents are required. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic cell death triggered by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. We found that TFRC, an iron uptake protein, was expressed at higher levels in sarcoma cell lines than in noncancer and carcinoma cell lines. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects cells against ferroptosis, and its inhibition using RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) had an antitumor effect that was more pronounced in sarcoma cell lines, particularly synovial sarcoma cells, compared to non-sarcoma cells. Because NF-κB can provoke ferroptosis, we examined the role of SHARPIN, an activator of NF-κB, in sarcoma. We found that SHARPIN expression was significantly associated with reduced survival in cohorts of patients with cancer, including sarcoma. In addition, SHARPIN promoted the sensitivity of sarcoma cells to ferroptosis. Further analyses revealed that the PGC1α/NRF2/SLC7A11 axis and BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy are regulated through NF-κB and PRMT5 downstream of SHARPIN. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis could have a therapeutic effect in sarcoma, particularly in subpopulations with high TFRC and SHARPIN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironari Tamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Naoko Urushihara
- Nitto Joint Research Department for Nucleic Acid Medicine, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shizuma
- Nitto Joint Research Department for Nucleic Acid Medicine, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hisataka Ogawa
- Nitto Joint Research Department for Nucleic Acid Medicine, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Sho Nakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Toru Wakamatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takenaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kakunaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
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3
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Zeng C, Lin J, Zhang K, Ou H, Ke S, Liu Q, Wei Z, Dong X, Zeng X, Zeng L, Wang W, Yao J. SHARPIN promotes cell proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma and inhibits ferroptosis via p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3766-3775. [PMID: 35968603 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN is a tumor-associated gene involved in the growth and proliferation of many tumor types. A function of SHARPIN in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is so far unclear. Here, we studied the role and function of SHARPIN in CCA and revealed its relevant molecular mechanism. The expression of SHARPIN was analyzed in cholangiocarcinoma tissues from patients by immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analysis. Expression of SHARPIN was suppressed/overexpressed by siRNA silencing or lentiviral overexpression vector and the effect on cell proliferation was determined by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with MitoTracker and JC-1 staining showed mitochondrial fission/fusion and mitochondrial membrane potential changes as a result of the silencing or overexpression. The ferroptosis marker solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and SOD-2 were analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that SHARPIN expression was increased in CCA tissue and this was involved in cell proliferation. SHARPIN silencing resulted in accumulated ROS, reduced mitochondrial fission and a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Silencing of SHARPIN inhibited the ubiquitination and degradation of p53, and down-regulated levels of SLC7A11, GPX4, SOD-1, and SOD-2, all of which contributed to excessive oxidative stress that leads to ferroptosis. While overexpression of SHARPIN would reverse above process. The collected data suggest that in CCA SHARPIN-mediated cell ferroptosis via the p53/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway is inhibited. Targeting SHARPIN might be a promising approach for the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zeng
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ketao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Huohui Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shen Ke
- Department of Pathology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zibo Wei
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhuai Dong
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokang Zeng
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Zeng
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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4
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Wang G, Zhuang Z, Cheng J, Yang F, Zhu D, Jiang Z, Du W, Shen S, Huang J, Hua L, Chen Y. Overexpression of SHARPIN promotes tumor progression in ovarian cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2022:104806. [PMID: 35798064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
SHARPIN (Shank-associated RH domain interacting protein) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, its role in ovarian cancer remains largely unknown. To investigate this issue, we systematically analyzed the amplification and expression of the SHARPIN in the TCGA database. From the database, we found that SHARPIN was amplified in ovarian cancer compared to normal ovarian tissue, and the mRNA level of SHARPIN was significantly elevated in ovarian cancer compared to non-tumorigenic ovarian tissue. In addition, we observed similar results from ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical samples from ovarian cancer patients, which indicated that increased SHARPIN expression is associated with tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer. SHARPIN knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, also inhibited cell cycle and promoted apoptosis, thereby suppressing cell proliferation. RNA-seq results showed that SHARPIN significantly increased the expression of P53 and P21 and decreased the expression of Cyclin D1 and c-Myc, all of which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. Subsequent mechanistic exploration revealed that SHARPIN knockdown increased the expression of caspases 3 and 9, leading to apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. We also found that high expression of SHARPIN was associated with poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Collectively, we demonstrated a positive correlation between SHARPIN and ovarian cancer progression and provide a basis for combined targeted therapy strategies for future ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi Zhuang
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxiang Cheng
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dachun Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wensheng Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Ang RL, Chan M, Legarda D, Sundberg JP, Sun SC, Gillespie VL, Chun N, Heeger PS, Xiong H, Lira SA, Ting AT. Immune dysregulation in SHARPIN-deficient mice is dependent on CYLD-mediated cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2001602118. [PMID: 34887354 PMCID: PMC8685717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001602118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN, together with RNF31/HOIP and RBCK1/HOIL1, form the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) E3 ligase that catalyzes M1-linked polyubiquitination. Mutations in RNF31/HOIP and RBCK/HOIL1 in humans and Sharpin in mice lead to autoinflammation and immunodeficiency, but the mechanism underlying the immune dysregulation remains unclear. We now show that the phenotype of the Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice is dependent on CYLD, a deubiquitinase previously shown to mediate removal of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Dermatitis, disrupted splenic architecture, and loss of Peyer's patches in the Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice were fully reversed in Sharpincpdm/cpdm Cyld-/- mice. We observed enhanced association of RIPK1 with the death-signaling Complex II following TNF stimulation in Sharpincpdm/cpdm cells, a finding dependent on CYLD since we observed reversal in Sharpincpdm/cpdm Cyld-/- cells. Enhanced RIPK1 recruitment to Complex II in Sharpincpdm/cpdm cells correlated with impaired phosphorylation of CYLD at serine 418, a modification reported to inhibit its enzymatic activity. The dermatitis in the Sharpincpdm/cpdm mice was also ameliorated by the conditional deletion of Cyld using LysM-cre or Cx3cr1-cre indicating that CYLD-dependent death of myeloid cells is inflammatory. Our studies reveal that under physiological conditions, TNF- and RIPK1-dependent cell death is suppressed by the linear ubiquitin-dependent inhibition of CYLD. The Sharpincpdm/cpdm phenotype illustrates the pathological consequences when CYLD inhibition fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind L Ang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
| | - Mark Chan
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Diana Legarda
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Virginia L Gillespie
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Nicholas Chun
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Recanati Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Recanati Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Adrian T Ting
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029;
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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6
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Hoste E, Lecomte K, Annusver K, Vandamme N, Roels J, Maschalidi S, Verboom L, Vikkula HK, Sze M, Van Hove L, Verstaen K, Martens A, Hochepied T, Saeys Y, Ravichandran K, Kasper M, van Loo G. OTULIN maintains skin homeostasis by controlling keratinocyte death and stem cell identity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5913. [PMID: 34625556 PMCID: PMC8501048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OTULIN is a deubiquitinase that specifically cleaves linear ubiquitin chains. Here we demonstrate that the ablation of Otulin selectively in keratinocytes causes inflammatory skin lesions that develop into verrucous carcinomas. Genetic deletion of Tnfr1, knockin expression of kinase-inactive Ripk1 or keratinocyte-specific deletion of Fadd and Mlkl completely rescues mice with OTULIN deficiency from dermatitis and tumorigenesis, thereby identifying keratinocyte cell death as the driving force for inflammation. Single-cell RNA-sequencing comparing non-lesional and lesional skin reveals changes in epidermal stem cell identity in OTULIN-deficient keratinocytes prior to substantial immune cell infiltration. Keratinocytes lacking OTULIN display a type-1 interferon and IL-1β response signature, and genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of these cytokines partially inhibits skin inflammation. Finally, expression of a hypomorphic mutant Otulin allele, previously shown to cause OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome in humans, induces a similar inflammatory phenotype, thus supporting the importance of OTULIN for restraining skin inflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hoste
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kim Lecomte
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Vandamme
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Roels
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophia Maschalidi
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Verboom
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna-Kaisa Vikkula
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mozes Sze
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisette Van Hove
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Verstaen
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tino Hochepied
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kodi Ravichandran
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Cell Clearance and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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Amakye WK, Yang L, Yao M, Yuan E, Ren R, Ren J. Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) elastin hydrolysate‐derived peptides attenuate UVA irradiation‐induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command Guangzhou China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease and China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Ruiwen Ren
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theater Command Guangzhou China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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8
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Krishnan D, Menon RN, Gopala S. SHARPIN: Role in Finding NEMO and in Amyloid-Beta Clearance and Degradation (ABCD) Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1267-1281. [PMID: 33400084 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SHANK- associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN) is a multifunctional protein associated with numerous physiological functions and many diseases. The primary role of the protein as a LUBAC-dependent component in regulating the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB accounts to its role in inflammation and antiapoptosis. Hence, an alteration of SHARPIN expression or genetic mutations or polymorphisms leads to the alteration of the above-mentioned primary physiological functions contributing to inflammation-associated diseases and cancer, respectively. However, there are complications of targeting SHARPIN as a therapeutic approach, which arises from the wide-range of LUBAC-independent functions and yet unknown roles of SHARPIN including neuronal functions. The identification of SHARPIN as a postsynaptic protein and the emerging studies indicating its role in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease suggests a strong role of SHARPIN in neuronal functioning. This review summarizes the functional roles of SHARPIN in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis and strongly suggests a need for concentrating more studies on identifying the unknown neuronal functions of SHARPIN and hence its role in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Ramsekhar N Menon
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India.
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Webster JD, Kwon YC, Park S, Zhang H, Corr N, Ljumanovic N, Adedeji AO, Varfolomeev E, Goncharov T, Preston J, Santagostino SF, Patel S, Xu M, Maher J, McKenzie BS, Vucic D. RIP1 kinase activity is critical for skin inflammation but not for viral propagation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:941-952. [PMID: 31985117 PMCID: PMC7317411 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma1219-398r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) is a critical effector of inflammatory responses and cell death activation. Cell death pathways regulated by RIP1 include caspase‐dependent apoptosis and caspase‐independent necroptosis. The kinase activity of RIP1 has been associated with a number of inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and oncogenic diseases. In this study, we use the RIP1 kinase inhibitor GNE684 to demonstrate that RIP1 inhibition can effectively block skin inflammation and immune cell infiltrates in livers of Sharpin mutant (Cpdm; chronic proliferative dermatitis) mice in an interventional setting, after disease onset. On the other hand, genetic inactivation of RIP1 (RIP1 KD) or ablation of RIP3 (RIP3 KO) or MLKL (MLKL KO) did not affect testicular pathology of aging male mice. Likewise, infection with vaccinia virus or with mouse gammaherpesvirus MHV68 resulted in similar viral clearance in wild‐type, RIP1 KD, and RIP3 KO mice. In summary, this study highlights the benefits of inhibiting RIP1 in skin inflammation, as opposed to its lack of relevance for testicular longevity and the response to certain viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Webster
- Departments of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Youngsu C Kwon
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Summer Park
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nick Corr
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Ljumanovic
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Eugene Varfolomeev
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tatiana Goncharov
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jessica Preston
- Departments of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Snahel Patel
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brent S McKenzie
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Tian Z, Tang J, Yang Q, Li X, Zhu J, Wu G. Atypical ubiquitin-binding protein SHARPIN promotes breast cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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11
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Zhou S, Liang Y, Zhang X, Liao L, Yang Y, Ouyang W, Xu H. SHARPIN Promotes Melanoma Progression via Rap1 Signaling Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:395-403.e6. [PMID: 31401046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SHARPIN, as a tumor-associated gene, is involved in the metastatic process of many kinds of tumors. Herein, we studied the function of Shank-associated RH domain interacting protein (SHARPIN) in melanoma metastasis and the relevant molecular mechanisms. We found that SHARPIN expression was increased in melanoma tissues and activated the process of proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a poor prognosis of the disease. Functional analysis demonstrated that SHARPIN promoted melanoma migration and invasion by regulating Ras-associated protein-1(Rap1) and its downstream pathways, including p38 and JNK/c-Jun. Rap1 activator (8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP) and inhibitor (ESI-09 and farnesylthiosalicylic acid-amide) treatments could partially rescue invasion and migration of tumor cells. Additionally, SHARPIN expression in cell lines and public datasets also indicated that molecules other than BRAF and N-RAS may contribute to SHARPIN activation. In conclusion, our broad-in-depth work suggests that SHARPIN promotes melanoma development via p38 and JNK/c-Jun pathways through upregulation of Rap1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lexi Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaiyuan Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Choi J, Busino L. E3 ubiquitin ligases in B-cell malignancies. Cell Immunol 2019; 340:103905. [PMID: 30827673 PMCID: PMC6584052 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that controls various cellular signaling pathways. It is orchestrated by a three-step enzymatic cascade know as the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). E3 ligases dictate the specificity to the substrates, primarily leading to proteasome-dependent degradation. Deregulation of the UPS components by various mechanisms contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer. This review focuses on E3 ligase-substrates pairings that are implicated in B-cell malignancies. Understanding the molecular mechanism of specific E3 ubiquitin ligases will present potential opportunities for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Xu J, Zhou L, Weng Q, Xiao L, Li Q. Curcumin analogues attenuate Aβ 25-35-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells via Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 305:171-179. [PMID: 30946834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) has pivotal functions in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In the present study, we adopted an vitro model that involved Aβ25-35-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Aβ25-35 (10 μΜ) treatment for 24 h induced significant cell death and oxidative stress in PC12 cells, as evidenced by cell viability reduction, LDH release, ROS accumulation and increased production MDA. (1E,4E)-1, 5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) penta-1, 4-dien-3-one (CB) and (1E, 4E)-1-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dime-thoxyphenyl) Penta-1, 4-dien-3-one (FE), two Curcumin (Cur) analogues displayed neuroprotective effects against Aβ25-35-induced oxidative damage and cellular apoptosis in PC12 cells. Here, we investigated three different treatment ways of CB and FE. It was interesting that post-treatment of CB and FE (restoring way) showed similar effect to the preventive way, while attenuating way did not show any protective effect. We found that low dose CB and FE increased transcriptional factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/hemo oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein expression and decreased Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in PC 12 cells. In addition, CB and FE promoted the translation of Nrf2 into nuclear and enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase, which confirmed cytoprotection against Aβ25-35-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, CB and FE could increase Bcl-2 expression level, decrease the level of Bax and Cyt-c in Aβ25-35-treated PC12 cells. Ultimately, the neuroprotective effect of CB and FE provides a pharmacological basis for its clinical use in prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Leilei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Qi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Linxia Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China.
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14
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Sundberg JP, Shen T, Fiehn O, Rice RH, Silva KA, Kennedy VE, Gott NE, Dionne LA, Bechtold LS, Murray SA, Kuiper R, Pratt CH. Sebaceous gland abnormalities in fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 (Far2) null mice result in primary cicatricial alopecia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205775. [PMID: 30372477 PMCID: PMC6205590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a large scale screen for skin, hair, and nail abnormalities in null mice generated by The Jackson Laboratory’s KOMP center, homozygous mutant Far2tm2b(KOMP)Wtsi/2J (hereafter referrred to as Far2-/-) mice were found to develop focal areas of alopecia as they aged. As sebocytes matured in wildtype C57BL/NJ mice they became pale with fine, uniformly sized clear lipid containing vacuoles that were released when sebocytes disintegrated in the duct. By contrast, the Far2-/- null mice had sebocytes that were similar within the gland but become brightly eosinophilic when the cells entered the sebaceous gland duct. As sebocytes disintegrated, their contents did not readily dissipate. Scattered throughout the dermis, and often at the dermal hypodermal fat junction, were dystrophic hair follicles or ruptured follicles with a foreign body granulomatous reaction surrounding free hair shafts (trichogranuloma). The Meibomian and clitoral glands (modified sebaceous glands) of Far2-/- mice showed ducts dilated to various degrees that were associated with mild changes in the sebocytes as seen in the truncal skin. Skin surface lipidomic analysis revealed a lower level of wax esters, cholesterol esters, ceramides, and diacylglycerols compared to wildtype control mice. Similar changes were described in a number of other mouse mutations that affected the sebaceous glands resulting in primary cicatricial alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi-Arabia
| | - Robert H. Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Nicholas E. Gott
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Louise A. Dionne
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | | | - Raoul Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Herbert Pratt
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
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15
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Liang Y, Chen B, Liu F, Wang J, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Tan S. Shank-associated RH domain-interacting protein expression is upregulated in entodermal and mesodermal cancer or downregulated in ectodermal malignancy. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:7180-7188. [PMID: 30546455 PMCID: PMC6256368 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank-associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN) is a type of linear ubiquitin chain-associated protein, which serves an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, organ development, immune and inflammatory reaction, initiation and development of malignant tumors. To evaluate SHARPIN expression in multiple malignant tumors derived from different germ layers, 14 types of cancer and their corresponding normal tissues were examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed to semi-quantify SHARPIN expression in multiple malignant tumors, and immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate the subcellular localization of SHARPIN in various malignant tumors. All the recruited cancer and paracancer samples originated from entoderm and mesoderm showed an upregulated expression of SHARPIN, whereas the cancer types that originated from ectoderm exhibited a downregulated or loss of SHARPIN expression. SHARPIN was primarily localized in the cytoplasm of cells and exhibited a faint signal in the nucleus, with the exception for lung cancer and esophagus cancer, in which malignant cells had aberrantly large nuclei and limited cytoplasm, which produced a signal in the nucleus but not in the cytoplasm. Conclusively, SHARPIN expression was upregulated in entodermal and mesodermal cancer types, but downregulated in ectodermal cancer types, indicating SHARPIN could act as either oncogene or anti-oncogene in malignant tumors derived from different germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P.R. China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P.R. China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Jiaman Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P.R. China
| | - Shicui Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Cosmetology and Venereology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P.R. China
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16
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Ojo D, Wu Y, Bane A, Tang D. A role of SIPL1/SHARPIN in promoting resistance to hormone therapy in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:735-745. [PMID: 29248549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIPL1 inhibits PTEN function and stimulates NF-κB signaling; both processes contribute to resistance to hormone therapy in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (ER+ BC). However, whether SIPL1 promotes tamoxifen resistance in BC remains unclear. We report here that SIPL1 enhances tamoxifen resistance in ER+ BC. Overexpression of SIPL1 in MCF7 and TD47 cells conferred tamoxifen resistance. In MCF7 cell-derived tamoxifen resistant (TAM-R) cells, SIPL1 expression was upregulated and knockdown of SIPL1 in TAM-R cells re-sensitized the cells to tamoxifen. Furthermore, xenograft tumors produced by MCF7 SIPL1 cells but not by MCF7 empty vector cells resisted tamoxifen treatment. Collectively, we demonstrated a role of SIPL1 in promoting tamoxifen resistance in BC. Increases in AKT activation and NF-κB signaling were detected in both MCF7 SIPL1 and TAM-R cells; using specific inhibitors and unique SIPL1 mutants to inhibit either pathway significantly reduced tamoxifen resistance. A SIPL1 mutant defective in activating both pathways was incapable of conferring resistance to tamoxifen, showing that both pathways contributed to SIPL1-derived resistance to tamoxifen in ER+ BCs. Using the Curtis dataset of breast cancer (n=1980) within the cBioPortal database, we examined a correlation of SIPL1 expression with ER+ BC and resistance to hormone therapy. SIPL1 upregulation strongly associates with reductions in overall survival in BC patients, particularly in patients with hormone naïve ER+ BCs. Taken together, we provide data suggesting that SIPL1 contributes to promote resistance to tamoxifen in BC cells through both AKT and NF-κB actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Ojo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Ojo D, Seliman M, Tang D. Signatures derived from increase in SHARPIN gene copy number are associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 8:56-65. [PMID: 28879097 PMCID: PMC5582379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report three signatures produced from SHARPIN gene copy number increase (GCN-Increase) and their effects on patients with breast cancer (BC). In the Metabric dataset (n = 2059, cBioPortal), SHARPIN GCN-Increase occurs preferentially or mutual exclusively with mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, and CDH1. These genomic alterations constitute a signature (SigMut) that significantly correlates with reductions in overall survival (OS) in BC patients (n = 1980; p = 1.081e − 6). Additionally, SHARPIN GCN-Increase is associated with 4220 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These DEGs are enriched in activation of the pathways regulating cell cycle progression, RNA transport, ribosome biosynthesis, DNA replication, and in downregulation of the pathways related to extracellular matrix. These DEGs are thus likely to facilitate the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells. Additionally, through forward (FWD) and backward (BWD) stepwise variate selections among the top 160 downregulated and top 200 upregulated DEGs using the Cox regression model, a 6-gene (SigFWD) and a 50-gene (SigBWD) signature were derived. Both signatures robustly associate with decreases in OS in BC patients within the Curtis (n = 1980; p = 6.16e − 11 for SigFWD; p = 1.06e − 10, for SigBWD) and TCGA cohort (n = 817; p = 4.53e − 4 for SigFWD and p = 0.00525 for SigBWD). After adjusting for known clinical factors, SigMut (HR 1.21, p = 0.0297), SigBWD (HR 1.25, p = 0.0263), and likely SigFWD (HR 1.17, p = 0.062) remain independent risk factors of BC deaths. Furthermore, the proportion of patients positive for these signatures is significantly increased in ER −, Her2-enriched, basal-like, and claudin-low BCs compared to ER + and luminal BCs. Collectively, these SHARPIN GCN-Increase-derived signatures may have clinical applications in management of patients with BC. SHARPIN genomic increase correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients SHARPIN genomic increase associates with enrichment of mutations in TP53 and others SHARPIN genomic increases occur along with many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) These DEGs enhance breast cancer cell proliferation and reduces extracellular matrix Enriched mutations and DEGs strongly associate with reductions in overall survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Ojo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Seliman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author at: St. Joseph's Hospital, T3310, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.St. Joseph's HospitalT3310, 50 Charlton Ave EastHamiltonOntarioL8N 4A6Canada
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18
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Zinngrebe J, Walczak H. TLRs Go Linear – On the Ubiquitin Edge. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:296-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Yang H, Yu S, Wang W, Li X, Hou Y, Liu Z, Shi Y, Mu K, Niu G, Xu J, Wang H, Zhu J, Zhuang T. SHARPIN Facilitates p53 Degradation in Breast Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2017; 19:84-92. [PMID: 28063307 PMCID: PMC5219588 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin binding protein SHAPRIN is highly expressed in human breast cancer, one of the most frequent female malignancies worldwide. Here, we perform SHARPIN depletion in breast cancer cells together with RNA sequencing. The global expression profiling showed p53 signaling as a potential SHARPIN target. SHARPIN depletion decreased cell proliferation, which effect could be rescue by p53 knocking down. Depletion SHARPIN significantly increases p53 protein level and its target genes in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Further experiment revealed that SHARPIN could facilitate p53 poly-ubiquitination and degradation in MDM2 dependent manner. Immuno-precipitation assay showed that SHARPIN associated with MDM2 and prolonged MDM2 protein stability. Analysis of public available database showed SHARPIN correlated with poor prognosis specifically in p53 wild-type breast cancer patients. Together, our finding revealed a novel modifier for p53/MDM2 complex and suggested SHARPIN as a promising target to restore p53 function in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Yang
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weilong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yingxiang Hou
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology, Medical Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Kun Mu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Gang Niu
- Department of Cancer genomics, LemonData biotech (Shenzhen) Ltd., Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Juntao Xu
- Department of Cancer genomics, LemonData biotech (Shenzhen) Ltd., Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
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20
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Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is a post‐translational protein modification recently discovered to be crucial for innate and adaptive immune signaling. The function of linear ubiquitin chains is regulated at multiple levels: generation, recognition, and removal. These chains are generated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only known ubiquitin E3 capable of forming the linear ubiquitin linkage de novo. LUBAC is not only relevant for activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in various signaling pathways, but importantly, it also regulates cell death downstream of immune receptors capable of inducing this response. Recognition of the linear ubiquitin linkage is specifically mediated by certain ubiquitin receptors, which is crucial for translation into the intended signaling outputs. LUBAC deficiency results in attenuated gene activation and increased cell death, causing pathologic conditions in both, mice, and humans. Removal of ubiquitin chains is mediated by deubiquitinases (DUBs). Two of them, OTULIN and CYLD, are constitutively associated with LUBAC. Here, we review the current knowledge on linear ubiquitination in immune signaling pathways and the biochemical mechanisms as to how linear polyubiquitin exerts its functions distinctly from those of other ubiquitin linkage types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Peltzer N, Darding M, Walczak H. Holding RIPK1 on the Ubiquitin Leash in TNFR1 Signaling. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:445-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Park Y, Jin HS, Lopez J, Lee J, Liao L, Elly C, Liu YC. SHARPIN controls regulatory T cells by negatively modulating the T cell antigen receptor complex. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:286-96. [PMID: 26829767 PMCID: PMC4919114 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SHARPIN forms a linear-ubiquitin-chain-assembly complex that promotes signaling via the transcription factor NF-κB. SHARPIN deficiency leads to progressive multi-organ inflammation and immune system malfunction, but how SHARPIN regulates T cell responses is unclear. Here we found that SHARPIN deficiency resulted in a substantial reduction in the number of and defective function of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Transfer of SHARPIN-sufficient Treg cells into SHARPIN-deficient mice considerably alleviated their systemic inflammation. SHARPIN-deficient T cells displayed enhanced proximal signaling via the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) without an effect on the activation of NF-κB. SHARPIN conjugated with Lys63 (K63)-linked ubiquitin chains, which led to inhibition of the association of TCRζ with the signaling kinase Zap70; this affected the generation of Treg cells. Our study therefore identifies a role for SHARPIN in TCR signaling whereby it maintains immunological homeostasis and tolerance by regulating Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Park
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Justine Lopez
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeeho Lee
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lujian Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chris Elly
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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23
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Nrf2/ARE Pathway Involved in Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat in Human Neural Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:8923860. [PMID: 26649146 PMCID: PMC4663008 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8923860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidences have shown that diverse environmental insults arising during early life can either directly lead to a reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons or cause an increased susceptibility to neurons degeneration with subsequent environmental insults or with aging alone. Oxidative stress is considered the main effect of neurotoxins exposure. In this study, we investigated the oxidative stress effect of Paraquat (PQ) on immortalized human embryonic neural progenitor cells by treating them with various concentrations of PQ. We show that PQ can decrease the activity of SOD and CAT but increase MDA and LDH level. Furthermore, the activities of Cyc and caspase-9 were found increased significantly at 10 μM of PQ treatment. The cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expressions were upregulated at 10 μM but fell back at 100 μM. The nuclear Nrf2 protein expressions were upregulated as well as the downstream mRNA expressions of HO-1 and NQO1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the proteins expression of PKC and CKII was also increased significantly even at 1 μM. The results suggested that Nrf2/ARE pathway is involved in mild to moderate PQ-induced oxidative stress which is evident from dampened Nrf2 activity and low expression of antioxidant genes in PQ induced oxidative damage.
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De Melo J, Tang D. Elevation of SIPL1 (SHARPIN) Increases Breast Cancer Risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127546. [PMID: 25992689 PMCID: PMC4438068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SIPL1 (Sharpin) or Sharpin plays a role in tumorigenesis. However, its involvement in breast cancer tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. To investigate this issue, we have systemically analyzed SIPL1 gene amplification and expression data available from Oncomine datasets, which were derived from 17 studies and contained approximately 20,000 genes, 3438 breast cancer cases, and 228 normal individuals. We found a SIPL1 gene amplification in invasive ductal breast cancers compared to normal breast tissues and a significant elevation of SIPL1 mRNA in breast cancers in comparison to non-tumor breast tissues. These results collectively reveal that increases in SIPL1 expression occur during breast cancer tumorigenesis. To further investigate this association, we observed increases in the SIPL1 gene and mRNA in the breast cancer subtypes of estrogen receptor (ER)+, progesterone receptor (PR)+, HER2+, or triple negative. Additionally, a gain of the SIPL1 gene correlated with breast cancer grade and the levels of SIPL1 mRNA associated with both breast cancer stages and grades. Elevation of SIPL1 gene copy and mRNA is linked to a decrease in patient survival, especially for those with PR+, ER+, or HER2- breast cancers. These results are supported by our analysis of SIPL1 protein expression using a tissue microarray containing 224 breast cancer cases, in which higher levels of SIPL1 relate to ER+ and PR+ tumors and AKT activation. Furthermore, we were able to show that progesterone significantly reduced SIPL1 mRNA and protein expression in MCF7 cells. As progesterone enhances breast cancer tumorigenesis in a context dependent manner, inhibition of SIPL1 expression may contribute to progesterone's non-tumorigenic function which might be countered by SIPL1 upregulation. Taken together, we demonstrate a positive correlation of SIPL1 with BC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason De Melo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O’Sullivan Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Haris K, Ismail S, Idris Z, Abdullah JM, Yusoff AAM. Expression profile of genes modulated by Aloe emodin in human U87 glioblastoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4499-505. [PMID: 24969876 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and malignant form of glioma, appears to be resistant to various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, approaches have been intensively investigated to targeti specific molecular pathways involved in glioblastoma development and progression. Aloe emodin is believed to modulate the expression of several genes in cancer cells. We aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Aloe emodin on gene expression profiles in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line utilizing microarray technology. The gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 8,226 gene alterations out of 28,869 genes were detected after treatment with 58.6 μg/ml for 24 hours. Out of this total, 34 genes demonstrated statistically significant change (p<0.05) ranging from 1.07 to 1.87 fold. The results revealed that 22 genes were up-regulated and 12 genes were down-regulated in response to Aloe emodin treatment. These genes were then grouped into several clusters based on their biological functions, revealing induction of expression of genes involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) and tissue remodelling in U87 cells (p<0.01). Several genes with significant changes of the expression level e.g. SHARPIN, BCAP31, FIS1, RAC1 and TGM2 from the apoptotic cluster were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results could serve as guidance for further studies in order to discover molecular targets for the cancer therapy based on Aloe emodin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalilah Haris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia E-mail :
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Kumari S, Redouane Y, Lopez-Mosqueda J, Shiraishi R, Romanowska M, Lutzmayer S, Kuiper J, Martinez C, Dikic I, Pasparakis M, Ikeda F. Sharpin prevents skin inflammation by inhibiting TNFR1-induced keratinocyte apoptosis. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25443631 PMCID: PMC4225491 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear Ubiquitin chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC) is an E3 ligase complex that generates linear ubiquitin chains and is important for tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signaling activation. Mice lacking Sharpin, a critical subunit of LUBAC, spontaneously develop inflammatory lesions in the skin and other organs. Here we show that TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-associated death domain (TRADD)-dependent TNFR1 signaling in epidermal keratinocytes drives skin inflammation in Sharpin-deficient mice. Epidermis-restricted ablation of Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) combined with receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) deficiency fully prevented skin inflammation, while single RIPK3 deficiency only delayed and partly ameliorated lesion development in Sharpin-deficient mice, showing that inflammation is primarily driven by TRADD- and FADD-dependent keratinocyte apoptosis while necroptosis plays a minor role. At the cellular level, Sharpin deficiency sensitized primary murine keratinocytes, human keratinocytes, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts to TNF-induced apoptosis. Depletion of FADD or TRADD in Sharpin-deficient HaCaT cells suppressed TNF-induced apoptosis, indicating the importance of FADD and TRADD in Sharpin-dependent anti-apoptosis signaling in keratinocytes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03422.001 In response to an injury or an infection, areas of the body can become inflamed as the immune system attempts to repair the damage and/or destroy any microbes or toxins that have entered the body. At the level of individual cells inflammation can involve cells being programmed to die in one of two ways: apoptosis and necroptosis. Apoptosis is a highly controlled process during which the contents of the cell are safely destroyed in order to prevent damage to surrounding cells. Necroptosis, on the other hand, is not controlled: the cell bursts and releases its contents into the surroundings. Inflammation is activated by a protein called TNF, which is controlled by a complex that includes a protein called Sharpin. Mice that lack the Sharpin protein develop inflammation on the skin and other organs, even in the absence of injury or infection. However, it is not clear how the Sharpin protein controls TNF to prevent inflammation. Kumari et al. have found that inflammation in mice lacking Sharpin depends on TNF interacting with another protein called TRADD. The experiments also show that the inflammation is mainly driven by apoptosis, with necroptosis having only a minor role. Further experiments carried out in mammal cells showed that TRADD and another protein (called FADD) work with Sharpin to prevent apoptosis. At the molecular level, Sharpin is known to induce a special type of protein modification (called linear ubiquitination) with two partner proteins, so the next challenge is to work out exactly how Sharpin uses this process to prevent apoptosis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03422.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehlata Kumari
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jaime Lopez-Mosqueda
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Malgorzata Romanowska
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jan Kuiper
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Rickard JA, Anderton H, Etemadi N, Nachbur U, Darding M, Peltzer N, Lalaoui N, Lawlor KE, Vanyai H, Hall C, Bankovacki A, Gangoda L, Wong WWL, Corbin J, Huang C, Mocarski ES, Murphy JM, Alexander WS, Voss AK, Vaux DL, Kaiser WJ, Walczak H, Silke J. TNFR1-dependent cell death drives inflammation in Sharpin-deficient mice. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25443632 PMCID: PMC4270099 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN regulates immune signaling and contributes to full transcriptional activity and prevention of cell death in response to TNF in vitro. The inactivating mouse Sharpin cpdm mutation causes TNF-dependent multi-organ inflammation, characterized by dermatitis, liver inflammation, splenomegaly, and loss of Peyer's patches. TNF-dependent cell death has been proposed to cause the inflammatory phenotype and consistent with this we show Tnfr1, but not Tnfr2, deficiency suppresses the phenotype (and it does so more efficiently than Il1r1 loss). TNFR1-induced apoptosis can proceed through caspase-8 and BID, but reduction in or loss of these players generally did not suppress inflammation, although Casp8 heterozygosity significantly delayed dermatitis. Ripk3 or Mlkl deficiency partially ameliorated the multi-organ phenotype, and combined Ripk3 deletion and Casp8 heterozygosity almost completely suppressed it, even restoring Peyer's patches. Unexpectedly, Sharpin, Ripk3 and Casp8 triple deficiency caused perinatal lethality. These results provide unexpected insights into the developmental importance of SHARPIN. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03464.001 In response to an injury or infection, areas of the body can become inflamed as the immune system attempts to repair the damage and/or destroy any microbes or toxins that have entered the body. At the level of individual cells inflammation can involve cells being programmed to die in one of two ways: apoptosis and necroptosis. Apoptosis is a highly controlled process during which the contents of the cell are safely destroyed in order to prevent damage to surrounding cells. Necroptosis, on the other hand, is not controlled: the cell bursts and releases its contents into the surroundings. Inflammation is activated by a protein called TNFR1, which is controlled by a complex that includes a protein called SHARPIN. Mice that lack the SHARPIN protein develop inflammation on the skin and internal organs, even in the absence of injury or infection. However, it is not clear how SHARPIN controls TNFR1 to prevent inflammation. Rickard et al. and, independently Kumari et al. have now studied this process in detail. Rickard et al. cross bred mice that lack SHARPIN with mice lacking other proteins involved in inflammation and cell death. The experiments show that apoptosis is the main form of cell death in skin inflammation, but necroptosis has a bigger role in the inflammation of internal organs. Mice that lack both the apoptotic and necroptotic cell-death pathways can develop relatively normally, but they die shortly after birth if they also lack SHARPIN. Experiments on these mice could help us to understand how SHARPIN works. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03464.002
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Rickard
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nima Etemadi
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ueli Nachbur
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maurice Darding
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nieves Peltzer
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Najoua Lalaoui
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hannah Vanyai
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aleks Bankovacki
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Wendy Wei-Lynn Wong
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason Corbin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chunzi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Edward S Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - James M Murphy
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David L Vaux
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Silke
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
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28
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Zhang X, Gao F, Li Q, Dong Z, Sun B, Hou L, Li Z, Liu Z. MSCs with ACE II gene affect apoptosis pathway of acute lung injury induced by bleomycin. Exp Lung Res 2014; 41:32-43. [DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.963901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yao CC, Tu YR, Jiang J, Ye SF, Du HX, Zhang Y. β-elemene reverses the drug resistance of lung cancer A549/DDP cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2131-8. [PMID: 24627125 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemene (β-ELE) is a new anticancer drug extracted from Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe and has been widely used to treat malignant tumors. Recent studies have demonstrated that β-ELE reverses the drug resistance of tumor cells. To explore the possible mechanisms of action of β-ELE, we investigated its effects on cisplatin-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma A549/DDP cells. The effects of β-ELE on the growth of A549/DDP cells in vitro were determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed by fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using JC-1 fluorescence probe and laser confocal scanning microscopy, and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate staining and flow cytometry. Cytosolic glutathione content was determined using GSH kits. The expression of cytochrome c, caspase-3, procaspase-3 and the Bcl-2 family proteins was assessed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that β-ELE inhibited the proliferation of A549/DDP cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, β-ELE enhanced the sensitivity of A549/DDP cells to cisplatin and reversed the drug resistance of A549/DDP cells. Consistent with a role in activating apoptosis, β-ELE decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration and decreased the cytoplasmic glutathione levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The combination of β-ELE and cisplatin enhanced the protein expression of cytochrome c, caspase-3 and Bad, and reduced protein levels of Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 in the A549/DDP lung cancer cells. These results define a pathway of procaspase‑3-β-ELE function that involves decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to apoptosis triggered by the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and the modulation of apoptosis-related genes. The reversal of drug resistance of the A549/DDP cell line by β-ELE may be derived from its effect in inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cai Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 355000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Rong Tu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 355000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Fang Ye
- College of Molecular Biology and Material of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Xin Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of TCM, Xiamen 361009, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of TCM, Xiamen 361009, P.R. China
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30
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Duan XS, Lu J, Ge ZH, Xing EH, Lu HT, Sun LX. Effects of T-cadherin expression on B16F10 melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1205-1210. [PMID: 23599764 PMCID: PMC3629152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most deadly skin cancers. T-cadherin is an atypical member of the cadherin superfamily as it lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains and is anchored to cell membranes through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. T-cadherin downregulation is associated with a poorer prognosis in various carcinomas, such as lung, ovarian, cervical and prostate cancer, while in the majority of cancer cell lines, T-cadherin re-expression inhibits cell proliferation and invasiveness, increases susceptibility in apoptosis and reduces tumor growth in in vivo models. The functional relevance of T-cadherin gene expression in melanoma progression remains to be clarified. The present study was designed for this purpose. The T-cadherin gene was transfected into B16F10 melanoma cells to express T-cadherin in the cells which were originally deficient in T-cadherin expression. The proliferation, invasiveness, apoptosis and cell cycle of the transfected B16F10 melanoma cells were analyzed. The present study showed that the expression of T-cadherin in B16F10 melanoma cells markedly reduced cell proliferation and permeation through Matrigel-coated membranes, representing invasiveness. The percentage of early apoptotic cells and cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle was markedly increased compared with either parental B16F10 (without transfection) or empty pEGFP-N1 (without T-cadherin gene)-transfected B16F10 cells, suggesting G2/M arrest, with similarity between the parental and empty pEGFP-N1-transfected B16F10 cells. T-cadherin is important in melanoma progression and may be a possible target for therapy in melanoma and certain other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Suo Duan
- Departments of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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31
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Paraquat induces lung alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis via Nrf-2-regulated mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1547-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Wang Z, Sokolovska A, Seymour R, Sundberg JP, HogenEsch H. SHARPIN is essential for cytokine production, NF-κB signaling, and induction of Th1 differentiation by dendritic cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31809. [PMID: 22348129 PMCID: PMC3279418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations of the Sharpin (SHANK-associated RH domain-interacting protein, other aliases: Rbckl1, Sipl1) gene in mice result in systemic inflammation that is characterized by chronic proliferative dermatitis and dysregulated secretion of T helper1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this inflammatory phenotype remain elusive. Dendritic cells may contribute to the initiation and progression of the phenotype of SHARPIN-deficient mice because of their pivotal role in innate and adaptive immunity. Here we show by flow cytometry that SHARPIN- deficiency did not alter the distribution of different DC subtypes in the spleen. In response to TOLL-like receptor (TLR) agonists LPS and poly I:C, cultured bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) from WT and mutant mice exhibited similar increases in expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86. However, stimulated SHARPIN-deficient BMDC had reduced transcription and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators IL6, IL12P70, GMCSF, and nitric oxide. Mutant BMDC had defective activation of NF-κB signaling, whereas the MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) and MAPK11/12/13/14 (p38 MAP kinase isoforms) and TBK1 signaling pathways were intact. A mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that mutant BMDC only induced a weak Th1 immune response but stimulated increased Th2 cytokine production from allogeneic naïve CD4(+) T cells. In conclusion, loss of Sharpin in mice significantly affects the immune function of DC and this may partially account for the systemic inflammation and Th2-biased immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Anna Sokolovska
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | - John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Liang Y. SHARPIN negatively associates with TRAF2-mediated NFκB activation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21696. [PMID: 21829440 PMCID: PMC3146465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
NFκB is an inducible transcriptional factor controlled by two principal signaling cascades and plays pivotal roles in diverse physiological processes including inflammation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, immunity, and development. Activation of NFκB signaling was detected in skin of SHAPRIN-deficient mice and can be diminished by an NFκB inhibitor. However, in vitro studies demonstrated that SHARPIN activates NFκB signaling by forming a linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex with RNF31 (HOIP) and RBCK1 (HOIL1). The inconsistency between in vivo and in vitro findings about SHARPIN's function on NFκB activation could be partially due to SHARPIN's potential interactions with downstream molecules of NFκB pathway. In this study, 17 anti-flag immunoprecipitated proteins, including TRAF2, were identified by mass spectrum analysis among Sharpin-Flag transfected mouse fibroblasts, B lymphocytes, and BALB/c LN stroma 12 cells suggesting their interaction with SHARPIN. Interaction between SHARPIN and TRAF2 confirmed previous yeast two hybridization reports that SHARPIN was one TRAF2's partners. Furthermore, luciferase-based NFκB reporter assays demonstrated that SHARPIN negatively associates with NFκB activation, which can be partly compensated by over-expression of TRAF2. These data suggested that other than activating NFκB signaling by forming ubiquitin ligase complex with RNF31 and RBCK1, SHARPIN may also negatively associate with NFκB activation via interactions with other NFκB members, such as TRAF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
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34
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Liang Y. Chronic Proliferative Dermatitis in Mice: NFκB Activation Autoinflammatory Disease. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:936794. [PMID: 21660243 PMCID: PMC3109521 DOI: 10.4061/2011/936794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are a heterogeneous group of congenital diseases characterized by the presence of recurrent inflammation, in the absence of infectious agents, detectable autoantibodies or antigen-specific autoreactive T-cells. SHARPIN deficient mice presents multiorgan chronic inflammation without known autoantibodies or autoreactive T-cells, designated Sharpin(cpdm). Histological studies demonstrated epidermal hyperproliferation, Th-2 inflammation, and keratinocyte apoptosis in this mutant. The mutant mice have decreased behavioral mobility, slower growth, and loss of body weight. Epidermal thickness and mitotic epidermal cells increase along with disease development. K5/K14 expression is distributed through all layers of epidermis, along with K6 expression in interfollicular epidermis, suggesting epidermal hyperproliferation. K1/K10 is only detectable in outer layers of spinosum epidermis, reflecting accelerated keratinocyte migration. Alpha smooth muscle actin is overexpressed in skin blood vessels, which may release the elevated white blood cells to dermis. CD3(+)CD45(+) cells and granulocytes, especially eosinophils and mast cells, aggregate in the mutant skin. TUNEL assay, together with Annexin-V/propidium iodide FACS analysis, confirmed the increase of apoptotic keratinocytes in skin. These data validate and provide new lines of evidence of the proliferation-inflammation-apoptosis triad in Sharpin(cpdm) mice, an NFκB activation autoinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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