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Maji L, Sengupta S, Purawarga Matada GS, Teli G, Biswas G, Das PK, Panduranga Mudgal M. Medicinal chemistry perspective of JAK inhibitors: synthesis, biological profile, selectivity, and structure activity relationship. Mol Divers 2024; 28:4467-4513. [PMID: 38236444 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
JAK-STAT signalling pathway was discovered more than quarter century ago. The JAK-STAT pathway protein is considered as one of the crucial hubs for cytokine secretion which mediates activation of different inflammatory, cellular responses and hence involved in different etiological factors. The various etiological factors involved are haematopoiesis, immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. The presence of the active mutation V617K plays a significant role in the progression of the JAK-STAT pathway-related disease. Consequently, targeting the JAK-STAT pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach for addressing a range of causative factors. In this current review, we provided a comprehensive discussion for the in-detail study of anatomy and physiology of the JAK-STAT pathway which contributes structural domain rearrangement, activation, and negative regulation associated with the downstream signaling pathway, relationship between different cytokines and diseases. This review also discussed the recent development of clinical trial entities. Additionally, this review also provides updates on FDA-approved drugs. In the current investigation, we have classified recently developed small molecule inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway according to different chemical classes and we emphasized their synthetic routes, biological evaluation, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Maji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Ghanshyam Teli
- School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gourab Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pronoy Kanti Das
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Qiao W, Duan C, Ma J, Hu W, Xie Y, Yang L, Wang T, Wu S, Li X, Wang Y, Cheng K, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang R. Costimulatory Molecule CD226 Regulates Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1743-1753.e4. [PMID: 38325579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of CD226 in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced mouse model of atopic dermatitis. The results showed that the lack of CD226 (global and CD4+ T-cell specific) significantly increased ear thickness, reddening, swelling, and scaling of the skin as well as inflammatory cell and mast cell infiltration. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expressions of atopic dermatitis-related inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were markedly increased in the draining lymph nodes and lesioned ear skin tissues of global and CD4+ T-cell-specific CD226-deficient mice compared with that in control mice. In vitro assessment revealed that CD226 directly modulates TGFβ-mediated regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and proliferation. Notably, Treg cell-specific deletion of CD226 (Cd226fl/flFoxp3cre mice) resulted in more severe dermatitis and epidermal thickening than those observed in littermate mice upon DNCB treatment. Subsequent analysis showed that the infiltration of Treg cells in ear lesions and the number of Tregs in the spleen were significantly reduced in Cd226fl/flFoxp3cre mice after DNCB treatment. In addition, the lack of CD226 induced apoptosis of Treg cells through the activation of caspase 3. Therefore, these results suggest that CD226 has potential efficacy in atopic dermatitis, correlating with Treg cell inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Mice
- Disease Models, Animal
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Dinitrochlorobenzene
- Apoptosis
- Cell Differentiation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Skin/pathology
- Skin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chujun Duan
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingchang Ma
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Otolaryngological Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Shih PY, Li CJ, Yong SB. Emerging trends in clinical research on Janus kinase inhibitors for atopic dermatitis treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111029. [PMID: 37820425 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide, characterized by immune function imbalance and impaired epidermal barrier function. It is a complex disorder that involves multiple pathogenic pathways, including the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. The therapeutic potential of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) has garnered significant interest in recent years. AD is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by impaired epidermal barrier function and immune function imbalance, and its pathogenesis is closely associated with dysregulated JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. JAKi offer a novel therapeutic approach by selectively inhibiting JAK enzymes, thereby blocking downstream STAT signaling and preventing the expression of cytokines involved in AD pathogenesis. This review will focus on several JAKi including tofacitinib, baricitinib, ruxolitinib and upadacitinib, and provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the application of JAKi in AD treatment, including its mechanism of action, clinical trial results and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Shih
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Boon Yong
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan.
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4
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Sato M, Matsuo K, Susami Y, Yamashita A, Hayasaka H, Hara Y, Nishiwaki K, Oiso N, Kawada A, Otsuka A, Nakayama T. A CCR4 antagonist attenuates atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation by inhibiting the recruitment and expansion of Th2 cells and Th17 cells. Int Immunol 2023; 35:437-446. [PMID: 37279584 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CCR4 is a major trafficking receptor for T-helper (Th) 2 cells and Th17 cells and is considered as a potential therapeutic target for atopic dermatitis (AD). The CCR4 ligands CCL17 and CCL22 have been reported to be upregulated in the skin lesions of AD patients. Of note, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a master regulator of the Th2 immune response, promotes the expression of CCL17 and CCL22 in AD skin lesions. Here, we investigated the role of CCR4 in an AD mouse model induced by MC903, a TSLP inducer. Topical application of MC903 to ear skin increased the expression of not only TSLP but also CCL17, CCL22, the Th2 cytokine IL-4, and the Th17 cytokine IL-17A. Consistently, MC903 induced AD-like skin lesions as shown by increased epidermal thickness; increased infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, Th2 cells, and Th17 cells; and elevated serum levels of total IgE. We also found increased expansion of Th2 cells and Th17 cells in the regional lymph nodes (LNs) of AD mice. Compound 22, a CCR4 inhibitor, ameliorated AD-like skin lesions with reduction of Th2 cells and Th17 cells in the skin lesions and regional LNs. We further confirmed that compound 22 diminished the expansion of Th2 cells and Th17 cells in the coculture of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T cells derived from the regional LNs of AD mice. Collectively, CCR4 antagonists may exhibit anti-allergic effects by inhibiting both the recruitment and expansion of Th2 cells and Th17 cells in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoko Susami
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamashita
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Haruko Hayasaka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuta Hara
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Nishiwaki
- Division of Computational Drug Design and Discovery, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Oiso
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, 1248-1 Otoda, Ikoma, Nara 630-0293, Japan
| | - Akira Kawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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5
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Honda T, Kabashima K, Kunisawa J. Exploring the roles of prostanoids, leukotriens, and dietary fatty acids in cutaneous inflammatory diseases: Insights from pharmacological and genetic approaches. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:95-112. [PMID: 36815685 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostanoids and leukotrienes (LTs) are representative of ω6 fatty acid-derived metabolites that exert their actions through specific receptors on the cell surface. These lipid mediators, being unstable in vivo, act locally at their production sites; thus, their physiological functions remain unclear. However, recent pharmacological and genetic approaches using experimental murine models have provided significant insights into the roles of these lipid mediators in various pathophysiological conditions, including cutaneous inflammatory diseases. These lipid mediators act not only through signaling by themselves but also by potentiating the signaling of other chemical mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. For instance, prostaglandin E2 -EP4 and LTB4 -BLT1 signaling on cutaneous dendritic cells substantially facilitate their chemokine-induced migration ability into the skin and play critical roles in the priming and/or activation of antigen-specific effector T cells in the skin. In addition to these ω6 fatty acid-derived metabolites, various ω3 fatty acid-derived metabolites regulate skin immune cell functions, and some exert potent anti-inflammatory functions. Lipid mediators act as modulators of cutaneous immune responses, and manipulating the signaling from lipid mediators has the potential as a novel therapeutic approach for human skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
- 5. A*Star Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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6
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Manurung MD, de Jong SE, Kruize Y, Mouwenda YD, Ongwe MEB, Honkpehedji YJ, Zinsou JF, Dejon-Agobe JC, Hoffman SL, Kremsner PG, Adegnika AA, Fendel R, Mordmüller B, Roestenberg M, Lell B, Yazdanbakhsh M. Immunological profiles associated with distinct parasitemic states in volunteers undergoing malaria challenge in Gabon. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13303. [PMID: 35922467 PMCID: PMC9349185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) using cryopreserved non-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ) offers a unique opportunity to investigate naturally acquired immunity (NAI). By analyzing blood samples from 5 malaria-naïve European and 20 African adults with lifelong exposure to malaria, before, 5, and 11 days after direct venous inoculation (DVI) with SanariaR PfSPZ Challenge, we assessed the immunological patterns associated with control of microscopic and submicroscopic parasitemia. All (5/5) European individuals developed parasitemia as defined by thick blood smear (TBS), but 40% (8/20) of the African individuals controlled their parasitemia, and therefore remained thick blood smear-negative (TBS− Africans). In the TBS− Africans, we observed higher baseline frequencies of CD4+ T cells producing interferon-gamma (IFNγ) that significantly decreased 5 days after PfSPZ DVI. The TBS− Africans, which represent individuals with either very strong and rapid blood-stage immunity or with immunity to liver stages, were stratified into subjects with sub-microscopic parasitemia (TBS-PCR+) or those with possibly sterilizing immunity (TBS−PCR−). Higher frequencies of IFNγ+TNF+CD8+ γδ T cells at baseline, which later decreased within five days after PfSPZ DVI, were associated with those who remained TBS−PCR−. These findings suggest that naturally acquired immunity is characterized by different cell types that show varying strengths of malaria parasite control. While the high frequencies of antigen responsive IFNγ+CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood keep the blood-stage parasites to a sub-microscopic level, it is the IFNγ+TNF+CD8+ γδ T cells that are associated with either immunity to the liver-stage, or rapid elimination of blood-stage parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhael D Manurung
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne E de Jong
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kruize
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yoanne D Mouwenda
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Madeleine Eunice Betouke Ongwe
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institut de Recherches en Ecologie Tropicale, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Yabo Josiane Honkpehedji
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Jeannot Frézus Zinsou
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Fondation Pour La Recherche Scientifique, 72 BP45, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Jean Claude Dejon-Agobe
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter G Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Fondation Pour La Recherche Scientifique, 72 BP45, Cotonou, Bénin.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chen C, Liu YM, Xuan SX, Zhou MF, Zhou P, Cheng B, Lin JD, Yin WG, Li LH. Establishment and Clinical Application of a Method for Detecting T Lymphocyte Subsets by Cellular Immunochip Technology. J Inflamm Res 2022; 14:7529-7537. [PMID: 35002285 PMCID: PMC8725877 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish and verify the method for detecting the immune phenotype of peripheral blood T lymphocytes by cellular immune chip technology, analyze the immune status, and discuss its clinical diagnostic value of different populations in the Qingyuan area. Methods First, a cellular immune chip was used to detect the number of T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4/CD8, followed by evaluating the accuracy and precision through a comparison with flow cytometry. After passing the performance verification, a large-scale detection was performed by a cellular immune chip in 8389 cases. Immunochip technology detects the expression of T lymphocyte subsets and analyzes the differences in cellular immune function among people with physical examination, inflammation, and cancer, as well as different cancer types and in genders. Results The cell immunochip method and flow cytometry method have the same accuracy and precision in detecting specimens, and the former is fast and simple, and is suitable for clinical use; big data analysis is expected to establish a reference range for CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell counts in Qingyuan. There are statistical differences in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cell counts in physical examination, inflammation and cancer populations; there are also certain differences in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios between different cancer types and different diseases. Conclusion The method of cell immunochip technology to detect T lymphocyte subsets is simple and practical, with accurate results and rapid detection. It can be used for immune function monitoring and treatment prognosis evaluation of people with different diseases, and it is worthy of popularization and application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Mei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xia Xuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Duan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guo Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hai Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, People's Republic of China
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8
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Fratzke AP, Gregory AE, van Schaik EJ, Samuel JE. Coxiella burnetii Whole Cell Vaccine Produces a Th1 Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Response in a Novel Sensitized Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754712. [PMID: 34616410 PMCID: PMC8488435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Q-VAX®, a whole cell, formalin-inactivated vaccine, is the only vaccine licensed for human use to protect against Coxiella burnetii, the cause of Q fever. Although this vaccine provides long-term protection, local and systemic reactogenic responses are common in previously sensitized individuals which prevents its use outside of Australia. Despite the importance of preventing these adverse reactions to develop widely accepted, novel vaccines against C. burnetii, little is understood about the underlying cellular mechanisms. This is mostly attributed to the use of a guinea pig reactogenicity model where complex cellular analysis is limited. To address this, we compared three different mouse strains develop a model of C. burnetii whole cell vaccine reactogenic responses. SKH1 and C57Bl/6, but not BALBc mice, develop local granulomatous reactions after either infection- or vaccine-induced sensitization. We evaluated local and systemic responses by measuring T cell populations from the vaccination site and spleen during elicitation using flow cytometry. Local reaction sites showed influx of IFNγ+ and IL17a+ CD4 T cells in sensitized mice compared with controls and a reduction in IL4+ CD4 T cells. Additionally, sensitized mice showed a systemic response to elicitation by an increase in IFNγ+ and IL17a+ CD4 T cells in the spleen. These results indicate that local and systemic C. burnetii reactogenic responses are consistent with a Th1 delayed-type hypersensitivity. Our experiments provide insights into the pathophysiology of C. burnetii whole cell vaccine reactogenicity and demonstrate that C57Bl/6 and SKH1 mice can provide a valuable model for evaluating the reactogenicity of novel C. burnetii vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia P. Fratzke
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anthony E. Gregory
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Erin J. van Schaik
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - James E. Samuel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
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9
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Ikebuchi R, Fujimoto M, Nakanishi Y, Okuyama H, Moriya T, Kusumoto Y, Tomura M. Functional Phenotypic Diversity of Regulatory T Cells Remaining in Inflamed Skin. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1098. [PMID: 31156643 PMCID: PMC6534040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) migrate between lymphoid and peripheral tissues for maintaining immune homeostasis. Tissue-specific function and functional heterogeneity of Tregs have been suggested, however, correlation between them and inter-tissue movement remain unknown. We used a contact hypersensitivity model of mice expressing a photoconvertible protein for tracking migratory cells. After marking cells in skin, we purified Tregs exhibiting a different migration pattern [Tregs recruiting to or remaining in the skin and emigrating from the skin to draining lymph nodes (dLNs) within half a day] and examined single-cell gene and protein expression profiles. Correlation and unsupervised clustering analyses revealed that Tregs in both skin and dLNs comprised two subpopulations, one highly expressing Nrp1 with variable CD25, Granzyme B, and/or CTLA-4 expression and another with 3 subsets strongly expressing CD25, Granzyme B, or CTLA-4 together with CD39. Characteristic subsets of Tregs remaining in the skin displayed higher CD25 and CD39 expression and lower Granzyme B and CTLA-4 expression compared with Tregs migrating to the skin. In addition, CCR5 expression in Tregs in skin was positively and negatively correlated with CD39 and Nrp-1 expression, respectively. To assess the predictive value of these data for immunotherapy, we blocked CCR5 signaling and found modest downregulation of CD39 and modest upregulation of Nrp1 expression in skin Tregs. Our data reveal a high functional diversity of Tregs in skin that is strongly related to trafficking behavior, particularly skin retention. Modulation of tissue-specific trafficking and function is a promising clinical strategy against autoimmune, infectious, and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoyo Ikebuchi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maika Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Okuyama
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Taiki Moriya
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kusumoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Japan
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10
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Nagano T, Katase M, Tsumura K. Dietary soyasaponin attenuates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity via gut microbiota in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 195:86-95. [PMID: 30178467 PMCID: PMC6300654 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soyasaponins (SSs) are abundant in soybeans and display inhibitory activity against contact hypersensitivity (CHS), which is often used as a mouse model for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD); however, their therapeutic mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we attempted to clarify the role of gut microbiota in the inhibition of CHS by dietary soyasaponins. For antibiotic treatment, mice were administered a mixture of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole or vancomycin. These antibiotics and SSs were given to mice via drinking water 3-weeks prior to CHS induction with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, and the mice were analysed for ear swelling, tissue oedema, infiltration of Gr-1-positive immune cells, the composition of faecal microbiota and regulatory T (Treg ) cells. The soyasaponin diets attenuated ear swelling and tissue oedema, and reduced the number of Gr-1-positive cells infiltrating ear tissues. CHS caused changes in the structure of the gut microbiota, but dietary SSs blocked the changes in the microbiota composition. Ciprofloxacin and metronidazole treatments significantly enhanced the severity of CHS symptoms, whereas vancomycin treatment blocked the suppressive effect of dietary SSs on CHS. These antibiotic treatments differed in their effects on the gut microbiota composition. Treg cells in auricular lymph node and spleen increased under SS-enriched diets, but this increase was blocked by vancomycin treatment. These results suggest that dietary SSs exert their inhibitory activity on CHS via the gut microbiota in mice, suggesting that dietary supplementation with SSs may have beneficial effects on ACD patients, but that the gut microbiota is a critical determinant of the therapeutic value of dietary SSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Nagano
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental SciencesIshikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichIshikawaJapan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science and TechnologyKawasaki University of Medical WelfareKurashikiOkayamaJapan
| | - M. Katase
- Quality Assurance DepartmentFuji Oil Co., LtdIzumisanoOsakaJapan
| | - K. Tsumura
- Research Institute for Creating FutureFuji Oil Holdings IncIzumisanoOsakaJapan
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11
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Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Gruber R, Ladstätter K, Bellutti M, Blunder S, Schmuth M, Dubrac S. Filaggrin null mutations are associated with altered circulating Tregs in atopic dermatitis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1288-1299. [PMID: 30515983 PMCID: PMC6349342 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) have previously been studied in AD, their role remains controversial, likely owing to patient heterogeneity. Thus, we recruited adult AD patients and age‐matched healthy controls, and assessed their filaggrin (FLG) genotype, serum IgE level, and eczema area and severity index (EASI). We found increased proportions of all circulating Treg subpopulations in AD patients. Moreover, we show positive correlations between circulating Tregs and serum IgE FLG null mutations limited the expansion of both memory and effector Tregs and enhanced that of recently thymus‐emigrated Tregs. Furthermore, proportions of circulating Th2‐ or Th17‐Tregs but not Th1‐Tregs were increased in AD patients, and accentuated by FLG null mutations, thereby mimicking the immune deviation observed in Th cell populations. Moreover, ICOS+ Tregs showed reduced production of interleukin‐10, suggesting impaired immunosuppression in AD. The level of demethylation of FOXP3i1, which reflects the stability of FOXP3 expression, was similar in the blood and skin of AD patients and healthy controls. Overall, these results show that Tregs may participate into AD pathogenesis and that FLG null mutations exert further modifications on specific subpopulations of circulating Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Ladstätter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marion Bellutti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Kwon TR, Kim JH, Hong JY, Seok J, Kim JM, Bak DH, Choi MJ, Mun SK, Kim CW, Kim BJ. Irradiation with 310 nm and 340 nm ultraviolet light-emitting-diodes can improve atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1127-1135. [PMID: 30019049 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light produces an immunomodulatory effect on the skin and is widely used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are a new and promising source of UV radiation. However, their mechanism of action remains largely unknown. In this study, we tested the safety and effectiveness of UV-LED irradiation for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in an NC/Nga mouse model. Mice were divided into seven groups of eight mice each. Application of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) extract ointment for four weeks induced AD-like skin lesions. Subsequently, the mice were exposed to UV-LEDs, narrow band UVB, or UVA irradiation three times per week. We assessed the immunosuppressive effects of 310 nm (50 mJ cm-2) and 340 nm (5 J cm-2) UV-LED irradiation. Histological analyses using hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. In addition, the serum levels of IgE, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). UV-LED irradiation significantly alleviated AD-like skin symptoms, including edema, erythema, dryness, and itching, by modulating Th1 and Th2 responses, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and scratching behavior in NC/Nga mice. These results suggest that UV-LEDs can improve the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Gaudenzio N, Marichal T, Galli SJ, Reber LL. Genetic and Imaging Approaches Reveal Pro-Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Roles of Mast Cells in Contact Hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1275. [PMID: 29922295 PMCID: PMC5996070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a common T cell-mediated skin disease induced by epicutaneous sensitization to haptens. Mast cells (MCs) are widely deployed in the skin and can be activated during CHS responses to secrete diverse products, including some with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Conflicting results have been obtained regarding pathogenic versus protective roles of MCs in CHS, and this has been attributed in part to the limitations of certain models for studying MC functions in vivo. This review discusses recent advances in the development and analysis of mouse models to investigate the roles of MCs and MC-associated products in vivo. Notably, fluorescent avidin-based two-photon imaging approaches enable in vivo selective labeling and simultaneous tracking of MC secretory granules (e.g., during MC degranulation) and MC gene activation by real-time longitudinal intravital microscopy in living mice. The combination of such genetic and imaging tools has shed new light on the controversial role played by MCs in mouse models of CHS. On the one hand, they can amplify CHS responses of mild severity while, on the other hand, can limit the inflammation and tissue injury associated with more severe or chronic models, in part by representing an initial source of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde (UDEAR), UMR 1056, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Institute, Liege University, Liège, Belgium
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege University, Liège, Belgium
- WELBIO, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laurent L. Reber
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, INSERM Unit 1222, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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14
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Silvestre MC, Sato MN, dos Reis VMS. Innate immunity and effector and regulatory mechanisms involved in allergic contact dermatitis. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:242-250. [PMID: 29723367 PMCID: PMC5916398 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin's innate immunity is the initial activator of immune response mechanisms, influencing the development of adaptive immunity. Some contact allergens are detected by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasome NLR3. Keratinocytes participate in innate immunity and, in addition to functioning as an anatomical barrier, secrete cytokines, such as TNF, IL-1β, and IL-18, contributing to the development of Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Dendritic cells recognize and process antigenic peptides into T cells. Neutrophils cause pro-inflammatory reactions, mast cells induce migration/maturation of skin DCs, the natural killer cells have natural cytotoxic capacity, the γδ T cells favor contact with hapten during the sensitization phase, and the innate lymphoid cells act in the early stages by secreting cytokines, as well as act in inflammation and tissue homeostasis. The antigen-specific inflammation is mediated by T cells, and each subtype of T cells (Th1/Tc1, Th2/Tc2, and Th17/Tc17) activates resident skin cells, thus contributing to inflammation. Skin's regulatory T cells have a strong ability to inhibit the proliferation of hapten-specific T cells, acting at the end of the Allergic Contact Dermatitis response and in the control of systemic immune responses. In this review, we report how cutaneous innate immunity is the first line of defense and focus its role in the activation of the adaptive immune response, with effector response induction and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilene Chaves Silvestre
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Dematology, Dematology Service,
Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia (GO), Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Investigation Laboratory (LIM
56), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Vitor Manoel Silva dos Reis
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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15
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Immunological bases of increased susceptibility to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infection in children with malaria and anaemia. Microbes Infect 2017; 20:589-598. [PMID: 29248635 PMCID: PMC6250906 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Malaria and anaemia are key underlying factors for iNTS disease in African children. Knowledge of clinical and epidemiological risk-factors for iNTS disease has not been paralleled by an in-depth knowledge of the immunobiology of the disease. Herein, we review human and animal studies on mechanisms of increased susceptibility to iNTS in children.
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16
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Abstract
Given the importance of appropriate diagnosis and appropriate assessment of cutaneous symptoms in treatment of atopic dermatitis, the basics of treatment in this guideline are composed of (1) investigation and countermeasures of causes and exacerbating factors, (2) correction of skin dysfunctions (skin care), and (3) pharmacotherapy, as three mainstays. These are based on the disease concept that atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory cutaneous disease with eczema by atopic diathesis, multi-factorial in onset and aggravation, and accompanied by skin dysfunctions. These three points are equally important and should be appropriately combined in accordance with the symptoms of each patient. In treatment, it is important to transmit the etiological, pathological, physiological, or therapeutic information to the patient to build a favorable partnership with the patient or his/her family so that they may fully understand the treatment. This guideline discusses chiefly the basic therapy in relation to the treatment of this disease. The goal of treatment is to enable patients to lead an uninterrupted social life and to control their cutaneous symptoms so that their quality of life (QOL) may meet a satisfactory level. The basics of treatment discussed in this guideline are based on the "Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis 2008" prepared by the Health and Labour Sciences Research and the "Guidelines for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis 2015 (ADGL2015)" prepared by the Atopic Dermatitis Guidelines Advisory Committee, Japanese Society of Allergology in principle. The guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis are summarized in the "Japanese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Disease 2016" together with those for other allergic diseases.
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17
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Abstract
The immune system has evolved to defend the organism against an almost infinite number of pathogens in a locally confined and antigen-specific manner while at the same time preserving tolerance to harmless antigens and self. Regulatory T (Treg) cells essentially contribute to an immunoregulatory network preventing excessive immune responses and immunopathology. There is emerging evidence that Treg cells not only operate in secondary lymphoid tissue but also regulate immune responses directly at the site of inflammation. Hence, the classification of Treg cells might need to be further extended by Treg cell subsets that are functionally and phenotypically polarized by their residency. In this review, we discuss recent findings on these tissue-resident Treg cell subsets and how these cells may operate in a tissue- and context-dependent manner.
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18
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Abstract
The immune system is responsible for defending an organism against the myriad of microbial invaders it constantly confronts. It has become increasingly clear that the immune system has a second major function: the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important contributors to both of these critical activities, defense being the primary purview of Tregs circulating through lymphoid organs, and homeostasis ensured mainly by their counterparts residing in parenchymal tissues. This review focuses on so-called tissue Tregs. We first survey existing information on the phenotype, function, sustaining factors, and human equivalents of the three best-characterized tissue-Treg populations-those operating in visceral adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the colonic lamina propria. We then attempt to distill general principles from this body of work-as concerns the provenance, local adaptation, molecular sustenance, and targets of action of tissue Tregs, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisella Panduro
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , ,
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , ,
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Diane Mathis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; , ,
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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19
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Huang K, Chen A, Zhang X, Song Z, Xu H, Cao J, Yin Y. Progranulin is preferentially expressed in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and protects mice from psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Immunology 2015; 145:279-87. [PMID: 25626394 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a multi-functional protein known to be involved in inflammation. Recent studies have found that PGRN has dual roles in inflammation and exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory function in different diseases. However, the role of PGRN in psoriasis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we detected preferential expression of PGRN in human psoriatic lesions and serum. Moreover, serum PGRN/tumour necrosis factor-α ratio was negatively correlated with disease severity. To investigate the role of PGRN in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we used wild-type (WT) and PGRN(-/-) mice in a model of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) -induced psoriasis-like inflammation. We demonstrated that PGRN expression was dramatically enhanced in the psoriasis-like lesions of TPA-treated WT mice, in accordance with human psoriatic lesions. Surprisingly, PGRN(-/-) mice were more sensitive to the development of TPA-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. The mechanism underlying this increased sensitivity of PGRN(-/-) mice to TPA-induced psoriasis-like inflammation was impaired differentiation of regulatory T cells in lymph nodes and decreased recruitment of these cells in the affected skin, which results in more severe inflammation. Hence, in WT mice, PGRN promotes differentiation and recruitment of regulatory T cells at the site of inflammation, which protects the skin from an exaggerated psoriasis-like inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Crompton PD, Moebius J, Portugal S, Waisberg M, Hart G, Garver LS, Miller LH, Barillas-Mury C, Pierce SK. Malaria immunity in man and mosquito: insights into unsolved mysteries of a deadly infectious disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2014; 32:157-87. [PMID: 24655294 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites of the obligate intracellular Apicomplexa phylum the most deadly of which, Plasmodium falciparum, prevails in Africa. Malaria imposes a huge health burden on the world's most vulnerable populations, claiming the lives of nearly one million children and pregnant women each year. Although there is keen interest in eradicating malaria, we do not yet have the necessary tools to meet this challenge, including an effective malaria vaccine and adequate vector control strategies. Here we review what is known about the mechanisms at play in immune resistance to malaria in both the human and mosquito hosts at each step in the parasite's complex life cycle with a view toward developing the tools that will contribute to the prevention of disease and death and, ultimately, to the goal of malaria eradication. In so doing, we hope to inspire immunologists to participate in defeating this devastating disease.
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21
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Ingber A. Contact Dermatitis and Patch Tests in Pregnancy. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-014-0081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Nomura T, Kabashima K, Miyachi Y. The panoply of αβT cells in the skin. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 76:3-9. [PMID: 25190363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin protects body from continual attack by microbial pathogens and environmental factors. Such barrier function of skin is achieved by multiple components including immune system, which is mainly regulated by lymphocytes. T lymphocytes (T cells) that express T cell receptor (TCR) α and β chains (αβT cells) control the strength and the type of immune response. CD4T cell population consists of helper T (Th) cell-subsets and immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. Th1 cells produce IFN-γ and protect against intracellular pathogens. Th2 cells produce IL-4 family cytokines and participate in allergic skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Th17 cells secrete IL-17, recruit granulocytes to fight against extracellular microorganisms, and play a role in psoriasis and AD. Th22 cells produce IL-22 that activates epithelial cells and mediates acanthosis in psoriasis and AD. On the other hand, Foxp3+ Treg cells attenuate immune responses partly via TGF-β or IL-10. Tissue resident memory T (Trm) cells in the skin-most of which are epidermal CD8T cells-constitute the first line of the defense against repeated infections. CD8 T cells are also engaged in psoriasis, lichen planus, and drug eruptions. Skin harbors innate-like αβT cells such as natural killer T (NKT) cells as well, whose function is not fully revealed. Understanding these αβT cells helps to comprehend skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nomura
- Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Yoshiki Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Bao L, Zhang H, Chan LS. The involvement of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in chronic inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e24137. [PMID: 24069552 PMCID: PMC3772104 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.24137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by inflammatory cell skin infiltration. The JAK-STAT pathway has been shown to play an essential role in the dysregulation of immune responses in AD, including the exaggeration of Th2 cell response, the activation of eosinophils, the maturation of B cells, and the suppression of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In addition, the JAK-STAT pathway, activated by IL-4, also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD by upregulating epidermal chemokines, pro-inflammatroy cytokines, and pro-angiogenic factors as well as by downregulating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and factors responsible for skin barrier function. In this review, we will highlight the recent advances in our understanding of the JAK-STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Department of Dermatology; University of Illinois; Chicago, IL USA
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24
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Shiraishi N, Nomura T, Tanizaki H, Nakajima S, Narumiya S, Miyachi Y, Tokura Y, Kabashima K. Prostaglandin E2-EP3 axis in fine-tuning excessive skin inflammation by restricting dendritic cell functions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69599. [PMID: 23922752 PMCID: PMC3726673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is produced in the skin and is suggested to play a role in the regulation of cutaneous immune homeostasis and responses. However, the multifaceted functions of PGE2 continue to elude our understanding, especially because of the multiplicity of PGE2 receptors—EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. While cAMP-elevating EP4 is known to activate the functions of cutaneous dendritic cells (DCs), including Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal DCs, the role of cAMP-suppressing EP3 in this process remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that an EP3 receptor selective agonist, ONO-AE-248, inhibited chemotaxis and co-stimulatory molecule expressions of DCs in vitro. A suboptimal dose of antigen was sufficient to induce contact hypersensitivity in EP3-deficient mice. Intriguingly, EP3 deficiency did not impair skin inflammation at all when the antigen dose was sufficiently high. EP3 limited the functions of cutaneous DCs only when the antigen dose was low. In contrast to EP4, the observed unappreciated function of EP3 may stabilize the cutaneous DCs to halt the impetuous response to a suboptimal dose of antigen. Taken together, PGE2-EP3 signaling is essential for fine-tuning excessive skin inflammation by restricting DC functions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shiraishi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Environmental and Occupational Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanizaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miyachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Progranulin deficiency exaggerates, whereas progranulin-derived Atsttrin attenuates, severity of dermatitis in mice. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1805-10. [PMID: 23669357 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PGRN and its derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, were reported to antagonize TNFα and protect against inflammatory arthritis [Tang, W. et al. (2011) The growth factor progranulin binds to TNF receptors and is therapeutic against inflammatory arthritis in mice. Science 332 (6028) 478-484]. Here we found that PGRN level was also significantly elevated in skin inflammation. PGRN-/- mice exhibited more severe inflammation following induction of oxazolone (OXA). In contrast, recombinant Atsttrin protein effectively attenuated inflammation in mice dermatitis model. In addition, the protective role of PGRN and Atsttrin in dermatitis was probably due to their inhibition on NF-κB signaling. Collectively, PGRN, especially its derived engineered protein, Atsttrin, may represent a potential molecular target for prevention and treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Hayashi M, Furuhashi T, Nishida E, Saito C, Torii K, Morita A. Increased population of central memory T cells in circulating peripheral blood of psoriasis patients. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 70:61-4. [PMID: 23158363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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27
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Peiser M, Tralau T, Heidler J, Api AM, Arts JHE, Basketter DA, English J, Diepgen TL, Fuhlbrigge RC, Gaspari AA, Johansen JD, Karlberg AT, Kimber I, Lepoittevin JP, Liebsch M, Maibach HI, Martin SF, Merk HF, Platzek T, Rustemeyer T, Schnuch A, Vandebriel RJ, White IR, Luch A. Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, in vitro methods and regulatory aspects. Current knowledge assembled at an international workshop at BfR, Germany. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 69:763-81. [PMID: 21997384 PMCID: PMC3276771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contact allergies are complex diseases, and one of the important challenges for public health and immunology. The German ‘Federal Institute for Risk Assessment’ hosted an ‘International Workshop on Contact Dermatitis’. The scope of the workshop was to discuss new discoveries and developments in the field of contact dermatitis. This included the epidemiology and molecular biology of contact allergy, as well as the development of new in vitro methods. Furthermore, it considered regulatory aspects aiming to reduce exposure to contact sensitisers. An estimated 15–20% of the general population suffers from contact allergy. Workplace exposure, age, sex, use of consumer products and genetic predispositions were identified as the most important risk factors. Research highlights included: advances in understanding of immune responses to contact sensitisers, the importance of autoxidation or enzyme-mediated oxidation for the activation of chemicals, the mechanisms through which hapten-protein conjugates are formed and the development of novel in vitro strategies for the identification of skin-sensitising chemicals. Dendritic cell cultures and structure-activity relationships are being developed to identify potential contact allergens. However, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) presently remains the validated method of choice for hazard identification and characterisation. At the workshop the use of the LLNA for regulatory purposes and for quantitative risk assessment was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Peiser
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Tralau
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Heidler
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. M. Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Hackensack, NJ USA
| | | | | | - J. English
- Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - T. L. Diepgen
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A. A. Gaspari
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - J. D. Johansen
- Department of Derma-allergology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. T. Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I. Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - M. Liebsch
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - H. I. Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - S. F. Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. F. Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospitals Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Platzek
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Rustemeyer
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Schnuch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R. J. Vandebriel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - I. R. White
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - A. Luch
- Department of Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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