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Li Z, Qi R, Li Y, Miao J, Li Y, He Z, Zhang N, Pan L. Source-specific ecological and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the adjacent coastal area of the Yellow River Estuary, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:146-160. [PMID: 38009362 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00419h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization have led to increasing levels of PAH pollution in highly urbanized estuaries and their adjacent coastal areas globally. This study focused on the adjacent coastal area of the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) and collected surface seawater, surface sediment, and clams Ruditapes philippinarum and Mactra veneriformis at four sites (S1 to S4) in May, August, and October 2021 to analyze the source-specific ecological and health risks and bioeffects. The findings revealed that the main sources of PAHs were traffic emission (25.2% to 28.5%), petroleum sources (23.3% to 29.5%), coal combustion (24.7% to 27.5%), and biomass combustion (19.8% to 20.7%). Further, the PMF-RQ and PMF-ILCR analyses indicated that traffic emission was the primary contributor to ecological risks in seawater and health risks in both clam species, while coal combustion was the major contributor in sediment. Taken together, it is recommended to implement control strategies for PAH pollution following the priority order: traffic > coal > petroleum > biomass, to reduce the content and risk of PAHs in the YRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruicheng Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yufen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhiheng He
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, China.
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de Oliveira AHB, Fernandes GM, Dos Santos FR, de Almeida NM, Nogueira TR, de Quadros Melo D, Martins LL, Cavalcante RM, do Nascimento RF, Reddy CM. Insights about levels and source appointment of petroleum hydrocarbons in Brazilian semi-arid coastal: baseline status assessment for ocean decade targets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58002-58018. [PMID: 36973626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Ocean decade (2021-2030) for sustainable development proclaimed in 2017 by the UN, seeks to promote and conserve the sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources. For this, the distribution of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and biomarkers, in sediments from the Fortaleza coastal zone (Mucuripe harbor (MH) and Inner Continental shelf (ICS)) were used to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities in the area. The concentrations of total n-alkanes (Σ16 n-alkanes) in MH and ICS sediments varied from 35.9 to 94.9 and 17.9 to 197.3 μg g-1, respectively, while the isoprenoids phytane and pristane in MH and ICS sediments ranged from 0.1 to 1.69 ug g-1 and from 0.14 and 1.20 μg g-1, respectively. Most of the sediment samples presented carbon preference index (CPI) values close to unity, indicating that the area is submitted to petroleum-related sources. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs in MH and ICS sediments varied from 87.0 to 562.0 and 98 to 288.0 ng g-1. This work presents the first investigation of the petroleum biomarkers hopanes and steranes in the Fortaleza coastal zone, in which ΣBiomarkers varied from 0.10 to 1.79 and 0.02 to 0.24 ug g-1 in MH and ICS sediments, respectively. The presence at stations of biomarkers also indicates petrogenic input. The diagnosis of the distribution of pollutants in the investigated zones of the Fortaleza coast suggests contamination from urban areas and oil spills and vessel traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Henrique Barbosa de Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, S/N - Pici - 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle Melo Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Narelle Maia de Almeida
- Marine and Applied Geology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Geology Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, S/N - Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rocha Nogueira
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus Do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Diego de Quadros Melo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, PE 647, Km 22, PISNC N - 4, Rural Zone Petrolina Campus, Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | - Laercio Lopes Martins
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering and Exploration (LENEP), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, 27925-535, Brazil
| | - Rivelino Martins Cavalcante
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus Do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Christopher Michael Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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Neves PA, Costa PG, Portz LC, Garcia MR, Fillmann G. Levels and sources of hydrocarbons in the Patos Lagoon estuary and Cassino Beach mud bank (South Atlantic, Brazil): evidence of transference between environments. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:484. [PMID: 36932277 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the concentrations and sources of natural and anthropogenic aliphatic (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in superficial sediments collected along the Patos Lagoon estuary and in sediment cores obtained from the Cassino Beach mud bank. Levels and distribution of n-alkanes indicate terrestrial sources, overlapping with a low amount of petrogenic hydrocarbons (heavy oils). Unresolved complex mixture (UCM) was observed in all samples. On the other hand, the distribution of PAHs in the sediments showed a predominance of pyrolytic over petrogenic sources. In general, hydrocarbons (HCs) contamination in the Patos Lagoon estuary and its adjacent coastal area can be considered low, except for sites near urban or industrial effluents, where moderate to high levels of contamination were found. Concentrations of hydrocarbons were homogeneous throughout the sediment cores, suggesting that mixing processes may have occurred along the layers or that HCs inputs to the mud banks were uniform during the studied deposition period. In addition, the levels and profile of HCs in the coastal sediments were similar to those observed in the estuary. Moreover, the frequent remobilization of sediments from the mud bank towards Cassino beach does not seem to pose any threats to the local biota or beach users since the levels of contamination were relatively low and below the threshold limits of sediment quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Andrade Neves
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico, Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Costa
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Luana C Portz
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina R Garcia
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, PR, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil.
- Centro de Estudos do Mar da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, s/n, RS, 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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Zhu Z, Li L, Yu Y, Tan L, Wang Z, Suo S, Liu C, Qin Y, Peng X, Lu H, Liang W. Distribution, source, risk and phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in typical urban landscape waters recharged by reclaimed water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117214. [PMID: 36623386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A park that had used reclaimed water as the sole water supply for fourteen years, was selected to analyze the distribution, sources and risks of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in waters and sediments. The effects of phytoremediation were investigated in waterbodies classified as phytoremediation, transitional and non-phytoremediation areas. Diagnostic ratio (DR) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the sources of PAHs, while risk quotient (RQ) was used as risk assessment tool. Results showed that ∑PAH concentrations in sediments ranged from 29.4 to 1245.6 ng‧g-1, with average of 354.3 ng‧g-1, corresponding to a moderate pollution level. The concentration of PAHs in water ranged from 10.6 to 326.3 ng‧L-1, with average of 147.2 ng‧L-1, corresponding to a low pollution level. The ∑PAHs in sediments showed a downward trend from northwest to southeast along with the water flow direction, with average values of 459.5, 362.9 and 246.1 ng‧L-1 in the upstream, midstream and downstream, respectively. In contrast, PAH concentrations in water were consistent with recreational activities in the urban park area. There were 95% of water samples and 72% of sediment samples obtaining the Ant/(Ant + Phe) > 0.1 and Flu/(Flu + Pyr) > 0.5, indicating that coal combustion was the major source of PAHs in both the water and sediment. The RQ∑PAH(NCs) values in water and sediment were all between 1 and 800, while RQ∑PAH(MPCs) reached equal to 0, suggesting that ∑PAHs presented a low ecological risk. Acenaphthene accounted for 28.4% of RQ(NCs), and became the most risk PAH in water column. Aquatic plants effectively removed high-ring PAHs from water and middle-ring PAHs from sediments, reducing the overall risks posed by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Yuanmingyuan Management Office, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiong Tan
- Yuanmingyuan Management Office, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefeng Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Siyu Suo
- Yuanmingyuan Management Office, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xianchun Peng
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haoran Lu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Awuku-Sowah EM, Graham NA, Watson NM. Investigating mangrove-human health relationships: A review of recently reported physiological benefits. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100059. [PMID: 38515922 PMCID: PMC10954016 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Ecosystems continue to experience degradation worldwide, with diminishing ecosystem services presenting unfavourable outlooks for all aspects of human wellbeing including health. To inform protective policies that safeguard both ecological and health benefits, syntheses of available knowledge are required especially for neglected ecosystems such as mangroves. However, reviews about relationships between mangroves and human health are rare. This review identifies and categorizes evidence reported in the Web of Science database about health impacts of mangrove ecosystem goods and services. 96 papers were retained after application of exclusion criteria and filtration steps to results of database and bibliographical searches. Findings highlight most abundantly that bioactive extracts of mangrove sediment, plant, and plant associates are useful for the treatment of human ailments and infections. Also reported is the heavy and trace metal bioremediation capacity of mangroves ecosystems, with concomitant modulating effects on associated human health risks. Evidence of mangrove influence on human nutrition via fisheries and food production support services, either singularly or in conjunction with linked ecosystems is also offered. Finally, mangrove effects on the prevalence of causative agents, and therefore on the incidence and distribution of infectious diseases, are also presented. Positive influences of mangroves on human health are implied via three of the four routes reported, which diminish with degradation and appreciate with proper ecosystem functioning. The undesirable links lie chiefly with higher infectious disease risk posed by mangroves, which requires further exploration regarding suspected ecological pathways available for limiting said risks. Other gaps identified are sparse information about in-vivo efficacy and safety of mangrove bioactive isolates, specific nutrient content and diversity associated with mangrove-supported food production outcomes, and the geographically limited nature of most findings. Beyond economic value, health benefits of mangroves are significant and outweigh their disservices to humans. To ensure sustainable supply of the full complement of these benefits, they should be considered when designing ecosystems management regimes.
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Robin SL, Marchand C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove ecosystems: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119959. [PMID: 35977644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants of increasing concern in the different fields of the environment and human health. There are 16 of them that are recognized as priority pollutants by the US environmental protection agency due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials. Due to their hydrophobicity and stability, they are persistent in the environment and can be transported over long distances. Their toxicological effects on multiple species, including humans, as well as their bioaccumulation in the food web became major topics in organic pollutants research this last decade. In the environment, multiple studies have been conducted on their accumulation in the soil and their degradation processes resulting in numerous review papers. However, the dynamics of PAHs in mangrove ecosystems is not yet completely understood. In this review paper, an exhaustive presentation of what is known about PAHs and their transfer, accumulation, and degradation in mangrove ecosystems is offered. This article brings to light the knowledge already acquired on the subject and the perspective research necessary to fully comprehend PAHs dynamics in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Robin
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia.
| | - Cyril Marchand
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
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Santos FR, Morais PCV, Nascimento RF, Cavalcante RM. Tracking the historical urban and rural sources of fecal pollution in a South American tropical semi-arid region using sterols and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156497. [PMID: 35675885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sterols and endocrine-disrupting chemicals were analyzed in two dated sediment cores collected in the Jaguaribe river to determine the recent decades' influence of urbanization and agropastoral activities on the inputs of fecal pollution in a semi-arid region of Brazil. Stigmasterol and sitosterol were the most abundant of the 6 sterols examined in both cores, indicating an important contribution of organic matter from mangrove forests to the study region. Coprostanol presented a continuous increase in concentrations from the 1930s to the 2000s in one core, however, showing higher concentrations (>100 ng g-1) in the upper layers of both cores. The sterols diagnostic ratios indicated fecal pollution through both cores, especially from the 1940s to 1970s. The coprostanol levels followed the variations in population growth in the state of Ceará. Estriol and estrone were the most abundant estrogenic hormones found in both cores. These compounds are probably related to the intense livestock activities in the Ceará state, especially after the 1970s. The baseline levels of fecal sterols and estrogen hormones found in this study possibly represent a previous unimpacted scenario and may be used for future evaluations of fecal pollution from urbanization and livestock activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R Santos
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pollyana C V Morais
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Maia TC, Santaella ST, Maia PJS, de Freitas FA, Oliveira AHB, Costa GB, Martins DA, Carreira RS, Nascimento MRL, Cavalcante RM. An integrated assessment to reconstruct the history of changes influenced by multiple anthropogenic activities (City of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:568. [PMID: 35794258 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the multi-marker approach was used for the first time with a highly urbanized lake located in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, to provide a comprehensive view of temporal trends in sources of pollutants and evaluate the relation between the influence of anthropogenic activities and socioeconomic development. Total concentrations of the markers analyzed ranged from 21.0 to 103.8 ng g-1, 450.2 to 2390.2 ng g-1, and 233.8 to 9827.3 ng g-1 for ∑PAHs, ∑n-alk, and ∑sterols, respectively. Concentrations and patterns of PAH, AH, and sterol ratio distribution changed over time and may be associated with different episodes in the history of the city of Fortaleza. The marker ratio distribution in the sediment core revealed an overlap of natural and anthropogenic sources, with degraded oil, biogenic inputs, pyrogenic processes, and fecal contamination from humans and animals in the past changing to petroleum fossil inputs and high contamination from sewage in the present day. The distribution of markers and the chronological history of Fortaleza revealed two distinct periods related to human activities during the development of the city. In the first period (prior to the 1950s), the main human activities were animal breeding and the use of biomass for domestic activities, public and cargo transportation, and commercial activities, especially food production. In the second period (after the 1950s), expansion of the city occurred due to the so-called Brazilian economic miracle and the main human activities were industrialization and urbanization processes, involving deforestation, paving, sewage discharge, and petroleum combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita C Maia
- EQUAL - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Sandra T Santaella
- EQUAL - Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Paulo J S Maia
- GEQBio: Grupo de Eletrocatálise, Fotoquímica Inorgânica e Química Bioinorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé-Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Pólo Universitário, Macaé, RJ, 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Flavio A de Freitas
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Amazônia, Av. Gov. Danilo de Matos Areosa, 690 - Distrito Industrial I, Manaus, AM, 69075-351, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Av. Roberto Vieira - Coroado, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Andre H B Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceará - Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto, Campus do Pici s/n Bloco, Fortaleza, 938/939, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle B Costa
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants, Institute of Marine Sciences (LACOr/LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants, Institute of Marine Sciences (LACOr/LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Renato S Carreira
- LABMAM/Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos R L Nascimento
- Laboratory of Poços de Caldas, Brazilian Nuclear Commission of Nuclear Energy (LAPOC/CNEN), Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants, Institute of Marine Sciences (LACOr/LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil.
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Souza IS, Santos FR, Martins DA, Morais PCV, Gama AF, Nascimento RF, Cavalcante RM, Abessa DMS. Dealing with complex contamination scenarios: using a multi-geochemical approach to assess environmental quality and identify pollution sources in a semi-arid estuary from Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:567. [PMID: 35792964 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Jundiaí-Potengi Estuary (EJP) is located on the semi-arid coast of northeastern Brazil and is influenced by multiple sources of contamination. The sediment quality of EJP was assessed by using a multi-geochemical approach during the dry and wet seasons. Sediments were analyzed for concentrations of nutrients, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, hormones (natural and synthetic), and sterols. The results were integrated by multivariate methods. The sediment was altered by the presence of contaminants from anthropogenic and natural sources. The middle and lower estuarine areas were considered more degraded in both seasons. In these regions, metals, hormones, sterols, and PAHs were found, indicating that these regions are severely affected by industrial, sanitary and aquaculture effluents, combustion of fossil fuels, and oil spills. The upstream region was contaminated by pesticides. The contamination pattern along the EJP shows the prevalence of local sources which continuously release the chemicals into the estuary. Worse conditions occurred during the rainy season, when the runoff from urban and rural areas is more intense and carries a greater load of contaminants to the EJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanildo S Souza
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande Do Norte (IFRN), Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1559, Natal, RN, 59015-000, Brazil.
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil.
| | - Felipe R Santos
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, BL 340, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455760, Brazil
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Pollyana C V Morais
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Allyne F Gama
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, Campus do Pici, BL 340, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60455760, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
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10
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Contamination Assessment of Mangrove Ecosystems in the Red Sea Coast by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095474. [PMID: 35564868 PMCID: PMC9105837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are known as a naturally based solution for climate mitigation and adaptation. Mangroves are at a potential risk of degradation by contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, sixteen priority PAHs were analyzed and characterized in forty samples of mangrove seawater and mangrove sediments collected from two coastal areas (i.e., Sharm and Khor Rabigh) along the Red Sea Coast of Rabigh city in August 2013. We found that the average concentration of total PAH in mangrove sediments in the Sharam area (22.09 ng/kg) was higher than that in the Alkhor area (6.51 ng/kg). However, the average concentration of the total PAH in the mangrove seawater in the Alkhor area (9.19 ng/L) was double that in the Sharam area (4.33 ng/L). Phenanthrene and pyrene were the major components in both the mangrove seawater and sediment in all the investigated areas. We observed that the abundance of PAHs with 2–3 aromatic rings was dominant in sediment samples collected from both study areas. This abundance was also observed in seawater from the Sharam area. However, seawater samples from the Alkhor area had abundant PAHs with four aromatic rings. The majority of PAHs in sediment samples of both study areas originated from petrogenic sources, whereas the majority of PAHs in seawater samples originated from pyrogenic sources.
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Fernandes GM, Martins DA, Dos Santos RP, de Santiago IS, Nascimento LS, Oliveira AHB, Yamamoto FY, Cavalcante RM. Levels, source appointment, and ecological risk of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal ecosystems (northeast Brazil): Baseline for future monitoring programmes of an oil spill area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118709. [PMID: 34942290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed 20 years of levels, sources, and environmental risks related to the main petroleum hydrocarbons in the northeast region of Brazil. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to serve as a comprehensive baseline for future monitoring programmes related to the oil spill disaster in 2019/2020. Most contamination levels of both PAHs and AHs were classified as low, except those in specific areas influenced by human activities, such as ports, highly urbanised mangroves, or rivers of medium-sized cities with inadequate liquid and solid waste treatment. Most hydrocarbons were linked to natural sources and burning processes, except in regions of extraction activities and petrochemical facilities as well as highly urbanised areas, where degraded petroleum and oil hydrocarbons predominated. Only 2.5% of the samples exceeded threshold effect levels for ∑16-PAHs and no samples exceeded probable effect levels. When regional threshold levels were used, however, the probable effect for the ∑16-PAHs measured was high, ranging from 5.8 to 6.1%. The few studies reporting biological responses showed that hydrocarbons from anthropogenic sources can induce adverse effects on marine organisms even at low to moderate levels. As the region has recently received a considerable quantity of crude oil, studies should be prioritised for a more precise assessment of the impact of this oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ithala S de Santiago
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lorena S Nascimento
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceará - Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto, Campus do Pici s/n, Bloco 938/939, Brazil
| | - Flávia Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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12
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Naidoo G, Naidoo K. Salinity exacerbates oil contamination effects in mangroves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68398-68406. [PMID: 34272666 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salinity (10 and 50% seawater) and oil in combination on three mangroves, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Rhizophora mucronata, were investigated. In all species, plant height, number of leaves, and CO2 exchange were generally higher in 10% than in 50% seawater. Salinity and oil decreased plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, and CO2 exchange, with reductions being greater at the higher salinity. In a second experiment, the effects of salinity (0, 10, and 50% seawater) and oil on concentrations of ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), leaf ultrastructure, and salt secretion in A. marina were investigated. Salinity and oil in combination increased concentrations of Na+ but decreased those of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. PAHs caused damage to cell membranes, disrupted ion concentrations, and reduced salt secretion. This study demonstrated that increase in salinity reduces growth of mangroves and that salinity and oiling in combination exacerbate growth reduction. In A. marina, oil was absorbed and translocated to the leaves where it disrupted membranes, ion accumulation, and salt secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonasageran Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Krishnaveni Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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13
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Nilin J, Santana LMBM, Silva A, Costa-Lotufo LV. Biological responses of mangrove oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and mercury contamination in an urban tropical estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112233. [PMID: 33740657 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the biological responses of oysters from an urban estuary in Northeast Brazil, through the evaluation of biochemical and physiological biomarkers, and integrate these responses with the investigation of mercury seasonal contamination. Oysters and sediment were collected from three sites in the estuary of the Ceará River during dry and rainy seasons. Biomarkers (AchE, CaE, GST, CAT, and Condition Index) were analyzed in different tissues. Hg bioaccumulation was higher in animals sampled in the rainy season, with increases varying from 5% to 136%, compared to the dry season. The changes in biomarkers highlight already elevated stresses for the organisms at the inner portion of the estuary, near the confluence with the Maranguapinho River, mainly during the rainy season, corroborating other studies that showed ecotoxicological effects with water and sediment samples. Finally, no correlation between Hg in sediment/oyster and biomarker results was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeamylle Nilin
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Ceará, s/n Bloco D sala 28, 38405-302 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lígia M B M Santana
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar) Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3205, 60165-081 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Aveiro University (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Allyson Silva
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar) Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3205, 60165-081 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Leticia Veras Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio Biomédicas I, sala 213 Butantã, 05508900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Zhang M, Tang Z, Yin H, Meng T. Concentrations, distribution and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from seven major river basins in China over the past 20 years. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111717. [PMID: 33277098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river sediments in China have been extensively investigated. However, most previous studies only reported information about specific locations. As a result, the distribution and changes of these chemicals in sediments nationwide remain unknown. Based on published data during 1997-2020, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis to understand the concentration, risk and the spatiotemporal variation of PAHs in river sediments from the seven major river systems in China. The report provides a national picture of PAHs in river sediments of China. Among the seven river systems, higher concentrations of sediment PAHs are found in the basins of Liaohe River and Haihe River. In the study sediments, high-molecular-mass (4-6-ring) PAHs were predominated, reflecting the widespread combustion of coal and fossil fuels across China. In addition, PAH source assessment also suggests that raw coal and crude oil are important contributors to PAH concentrations in the rivers in northeastern China. Over the past 20 years, there is no downward trend in the concentrations of Σ16PAHs in sediments in the seven river basins; but the contribution of high-temperature combustion to the pollution has declined. In addition, our calculated risks from sediment PAHs seem to decline between 1997-2006 and 2007-2017 periods, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Of note, the data collection and the risk assessment methods used in this preliminary survey may result in some uncertainty. Our results suggest that the PAHs in river sediments in China still need to be paid attention to due to the complexity of their sources and harms to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Hongmin Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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15
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Estimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution in Mediterranean Sea from Volturno River, Southern Italy: Distribution, Risk Assessment and Loads. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041383. [PMID: 33546201 PMCID: PMC7913333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the data on the contamination caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) drained from the Volturno River. The seasonal and spatial distribution of PAHs in water and sediment samples was assessed. The 16 PAHs were determined in the water dissolved phase (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments. A multidimensional statistical approach was used to identify three pollution composite indicators. Contaminant discharges of PAHs into the sea were calculated in about 3158.2 kg/year. Total concentrations of PAHs varied in ranges 434.8 to 872.1 ng g−1 and 256.7 to 1686.3 ng L−1 in sediment samples and in water (DP + SPM), respectively. The statistical results indicated that the PAHs mainly had a pyrolytic source. Considering the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the water environmental quality standards (USEPA EQS), and risk quotient (RQ), the Volturno River would be considered as an area in which the environmental integrity is possibly at risk.
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16
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Moreira LB, Braga Castro Í, Fillmann G, Peres TF, Cavalcante Belmino IK, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Marins RV, Drude de Lacerda L, Costa-Lotufo LV, de Souza Abessa DM. Dredging impacts on the toxicity and development of sediment quality values in a semi-arid region (Ceará state, NE Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110525. [PMID: 33259786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediment dredging impacts coastal environments by promoting the resuspension of fine particles and remobilization of contaminants that may trigger toxic effects. In this study, we evaluated the sediment quality in harbor areas of Mucuripe bay, a semi-arid ecosystem located in Ceará state (Brazil), which is subject to dredging activities. A sampling survey was conducted right after dredging operations and data compared to another survey performed prior dredging. Sediments were analyzed for fine particles, organic carbon, nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, and tributyltin (TBT). Toxicity of whole-sediment and liquid phase exposures were also determined. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn decreased after dredging, which was confirmed by the geoaccumulation index. Levels of TBT dropped while phosphorus, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. Toxic effects persisted, indicating a post-dredging recontamination combined with other sources such as urban runoff, wastewater discharges, harbor activities, and antifouling particles. Data from Mucuripe and Pecém harbors were compiled and site-specific sediment quality values (SQVs) were developed by using multivariate methods. The threshold values proposed by our study were lower and more effective to predict toxicity compared to international guidelines, indicating levels of contamination for this tropical region in which toxic effects may occur. Considering the large geographic area with different sediment characteristics of the Brazilian coast, this study represents a significant contribution to sediment toxicity assessment of dredging activities in semi-arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos Em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Farias Peres
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio Tarou Sasaki
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rozane Valente Marins
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Drude de Lacerda
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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17
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Garcia MR, Martins CC. A systematic evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South Atlantic subtropical mangrove wetlands under a coastal zone development scenario. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111421. [PMID: 33069149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests worldwide are threatened environments considered vulnerable to chronic contamination by hydrophobic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These ecosystems have a key role in the dynamics of biogenic and anthropogenic carbon storage and provide proper conditions for accumulation. One of most important subtropical mangrove swamps in the South Atlantic is located in the Paranaguá Estuarine System (PES), the largest bay of South Brazil surrounded by well-preserved Atlantic rainforests; however, the PES is under imminent risks of damage, e.g., due to incidental oil spills during port operations. In this scenario, PAHs were assessed for the first time in the mangrove sediments of the PES. The concentrations of 16 priority PAHs (EPA) (<DL - 234.3 ng g-1, 36 samples) were higher than those observed in previous studies for bottom sediments and had a similar order of magnitude as those for other human-impacted mangroves but were lower than those of other heavily impacted mangroves. A moderate level of anthropic contamination was observed, and the main probable sources of PAHs were navigation and domestic effluents. Bulk parameters (TOC/TN ratio and δ13C) showed the estuarine land-sea gradient and helped define the preferential sites of PAH deposition due to its correlation with TOC and fine sediments. Marine hydrodynamics and/or dilution processes had a major influence on PAH distribution, resulting in higher concentrations in the inner/sheltered areas of the estuary and lower values in the outer zone of the estuary with higher hydrodynamic energy. The environmental features and anthropogenic forcing of the PES added to the relative absence of a detailed evaluation of the levels of and environmental risks posed by PAHs in other subtropical mangrove ecosystems located in the Southern Hemisphere, reinforcing the importance of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reback Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal Do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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18
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Metals, n-Alkanes, Hopanes, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Sediments from Three Amazonian Streams Crossing Manaus (Brazil). CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution is increasing in the Amazon region and its real impact is still unclear. Since this region is of great interest to the global community, this study aimed to assess geochemical biomarkers and metals in sediments from three streams crossing Manaus, a Brazilian city of 2.1 million inhabitants located in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. The Mindu and Quarenta streams criss-cross the urban area of Manaus and receive domestic effluents from many heavily populated districts. In addition, the Quarenta stream is subjected to effluents from the industrial district of Manaus. The Tarumã-Açu stream is mostly covered by vegetation, although the region presents some occurrence of family farming, floating petrol station, marinas, and floating restaurants and bars. n-Alkanes were determined by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID), whereas hopanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The metals Ag, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Concentrations of total PAHs and metals were higher in sediments from the urban streams Mindu and Quarenta because of the occurrence of more intense and diverse sources of pollution. In addition, some sediment samples from both these streams presented concentrations of fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and metals higher than the limits of low probability of adverse effects on biota established by the international guideline and by the Brazilian legislation. A similar total n-alkane concentration for sediments from all streams associated with profiles of n-alkanes with no odd/even hydrocarbon predominance suggests that biomass burning is an important source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum-derived products also represented a source for n-alkanes, as confirmed by the presence of α,β-hopanes, including an α,β-homohopane series from C31 to C35 with the presence of both 22S and 22R epimers. This is the first report on n-alkanes, PAHs, and hopanes in sediments from the Mindu, Quarenta, and Tarumã-Açu streams. The concentrations reported herein may be considered as baseline data in future monitoring programs of these streams.
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Emoyan OO, Onocha EO, Tesi GO. Concentration assessment and source evaluation of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from selected vehicle-parks in southern Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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20
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Araújo MP, Hamacher C, de Oliveira Farias C, Martinho P, de Oliveira Chaves F, Gomes Soares ML. Assessment of brazilian mangroves hydrocarbon contamination from a latitudinal perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110673. [PMID: 31744608 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the contamination of Brazilian mangroves sediments by aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Samples were obtained from mangroves located along the brazilian coast, between the northern coast and the austral limit of the occurrence of this ecosystem. Total AH ranged from 1.9 to 311.3 μg g-1 and compound distribution pointed to biogenic sources, mainly from mangrove forests, and petrogenic sources, with a significant presence of an unresolved complex mixture in some areas. PAH values (34.4-977.3 ng g-1) indicated low to moderate contamination levels in mangrove sediments, reflecting the socioeconomic diversity observed along the Brazilian coast. The predominant PAH sources ranged from pyrolytic to petrogenic. According to sediment quality reference values, the evaluated sediments are not likely to cause biological effects, but deserve attention due to the current expansion scenario of oil prospecting activities off the Brazilian coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Passos Araújo
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Manguezais (NEMA)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Hamacher
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cássia de Oliveira Farias
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Plínio Martinho
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe de Oliveira Chaves
- Núcleo de Estudos em Manguezais (NEMA)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário Luiz Gomes Soares
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Orgânica Marinha (LAGOM)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Manguezais (NEMA)/Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Gdara I, Zrafi I, Balducci C, Cecinato A, Ghrabi A. First Investigation of Seasonal Concentration Behaviors and Sources Assessment of Aliphatic Hydrocarbon in Waters and Sediments from Wadi El Bey, Tunisia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 78:1-19. [PMID: 31555849 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contents, composition profiles, and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons were examined in surface sediment and water samples collected from Wadi El Bey, in Tunisia, during different year seasons in 14 stations receiving domestic effluent, industrial discharge, and agricultural drainage wastes. The target substances were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS). Total concentrations of n-alkanes (n-C14-n-C38) ranged from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 18.14 ± 0.1 µg/L in waters and 0.22 ± 0.04 to 31.9 ± 24.6 µg/g in sediments, while total aliphatic fraction ranged from 0.08 ± 0.01 to 196 ± 140 µg/L in waters and 0.22 ± 0.04 to 1977 ± 1219 µg/g in sediments, which means that almost all sites were affected by hydrocarbon contents in sediments exceeding the recommended limit (100 µg/g). Various diagnostic indices (ADIs) were used to identify the hydrocarbon sources, namely the concentration ratios of individual compounds (n-C17/pristane, n-C18/phytane, pristane/phytane, n-C29/n-C17, n-C31/n-C19) as well as cumulative quantities (Carbon Preference Index, natural n-alkanes ratio, terrigenous/aquatic compounds ratio, unresolved complex mixture percentage, low molecular weight vs. high molecular weight homologues, Alkane Proxy and Terrestrial Marine Discriminants). In general, these indexes indicated that the origin of aliphatic hydrocarbons affecting sediments and waters of Wadi El Bey were linked to both biogenic and petrogenic inputs, attesting the impact of plankton and terrestrial plants and of oil contamination, respectively. The average carbon chain length computation (ACL), used to further index the chemical environment, ranged from 25.5 to 31.1 in sediments and 47.9-116 in waters. This finding could depend on the severe disturbances suffered by the ecosystem as a consequence of heavy anthropogenic inputs. Petroleum contamination associated with high eutrophication rates in Wadi El Bey must be strictly controlled, due to possible harmful effects induced on ecosystem and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Gdara
- Water Researches and Technologies Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, BP. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Ines Zrafi
- Water Researches and Technologies Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, BP. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Catia Balducci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3, P.O. Box 10, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Cecinato
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29.3, P.O. Box 10, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Ahmed Ghrabi
- Water Researches and Technologies Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, BP. 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
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Andrade MVF, Santos FR, Oliveira AHB, Nascimento RF, Cavalcante RM. Influence of sediment parameters on the distribution and fate of PAHs in an estuarine tropical region located in the Brazilian semi-arid (Jaguaribe River, Ceará coast). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:703-710. [PMID: 31426212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated in the Jaguaribe River to explore the influence of grain size, organic carbon, humic and fulvic acids and black carbon on their adsorption onto sediment. The ∑PAHs concentrations variated from 0.6 to 3752.0 ng g-1 with highest concentrations in the estuarine zone. The PAHs predominant source along the river was from mixed sources, mainly related to biomass combustion, small oil spills related to recreational nautical activities and runoff from cities. Organic and inorganic parameters presented influence on PAHs distribution along the river, with humic acid as a determinant factor. These research findings are of importance to an assessment of the fate and transport of PAHs in estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V F Andrade
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081 Av. Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Santos
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081 Av. Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120 Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60165-081 Av. Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Ozaki N, Yamauchi T, Kindaichi T, Ohashi A. Stormwater inflow loading of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into urban domestic wastewater treatment plant for separate sewer system. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:1426-1436. [PMID: 31123242 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common contaminants present in wastewater, and determination of their sources is important for their management in the environment. In this study, stormwater loading of PAHs during rainfall periods was evaluated for sewage inflow into a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for a separate sewer system. To accomplish this, sewage inflow volumes, suspended solid concentrations, and PAH concentrations were measured during eight rainfall events and on two no-rainfall days at the inlet of the plant. Based on a comparison between the rainfall and no-rainfall loading quantified by the measurements, excess PAH loadings with stormwater were evaluated for the rainfall events. The relationship between rainfall intensity and stormwater loading was then used to evaluate long-term stormwater loadings of water and PAHs. Their contributions to the sewage inflow were 0.7% and 1.0% for 1 year for water and the sum of 16 measured PAHs, respectively. Our measurements and estimates demonstrate that direct stormwater inflow is not a primary source of PAHs to the plant for this separate sewer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriatsu Ozaki
- Graduate school of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 1-4-1, Higashihirohima, 739-8527, Japan E-mail:
| | - Takahiro Yamauchi
- Graduate school of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 1-4-1, Higashihirohima, 739-8527, Japan E-mail: ; Now Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc., 2-1-82 Watanabe-dori, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8720, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Graduate school of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 1-4-1, Higashihirohima, 739-8527, Japan E-mail:
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Graduate school of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, 1-4-1, Higashihirohima, 739-8527, Japan E-mail:
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Santos FR, Martins DA, Morais PCV, Oliveira AHB, Gama AF, Nascimento RF, Choi-Lima KF, Moreira LB, Abessa DMS, Nelson RK, Reddy CM, Swarthout RF, Cavalcante RM. Influence of anthropogenic activities and risk assessment on protected mangrove forest using traditional and emerging molecular markers (Ceará coast, northeastern Brazil). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:877-888. [PMID: 30625674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic molecular markers were used to assess chemicals inputs and ecological risks associated from multiple sources to sediments in one of the largest tropical mangrove forests of South America, with a particular focus on lesser studied compounds resulting from rural activities. Total concentrations ranged from 23.4 to 228.2 ng g-1 for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑PAHs), 750.4 to 5912.5 ng g-1 for aliphatic hydrocarbons (∑AHs), 32.4 to 696.6 ng g-1 for pesticides (∑pesticides), 23.1 to 2109.7 ng g-1 for coprostanol and sterols (∑sterols), 139.3 to 580.2 ng g-1 for naturals hormones (∑natural hormones) and 334.1 to 823.4 ng g-1 for synthetics hormones (∑synthetic hormones). The PAHs and AHs used as traditional anthropogenic markers showed a mixture between natural and anthropogenic sources, related mainly to inputs from higher plants, phytoplankton and both, biomass and petroleum combustion. Rural activities linked to agricultural pest control are the predominant source of pesticides, although minor inputs from pesticides used in urban public health campaigns and household activities were also detected. Synthetic hormones levels are two to three orders of magnitude greater than natural hormones levels and no correlations were observed between the main sewage markers and synthetic hormone concentrations, rural activities such as animal husbandry, which use drugs in management, may be the predominant anthropogenic sources of these compounds in the region. Traditional markers failed to detect ecological risks in rural areas, where synthetic substances (e.g. pesticides and hormones) are widely used and introduced in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R Santos
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Davi A Martins
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pollyana C V Morais
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Allyne F Gama
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Katherine F Choi-Lima
- Centro de Investigação em Ecotoxicologia Aquática e Poluição (NEPEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Centro de Investigação em Ecotoxicologia Aquática e Poluição (NEPEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis M S Abessa
- Centro de Investigação em Ecotoxicologia Aquática e Poluição (NEPEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP Campus do Litoral Paulista), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n., CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole road, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole road, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - Robert F Swarthout
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole road, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição, 3207, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Vieira LM, Rizzi J, do Couto EV, Souza DC, Ferreira PAL, Figueira R, Froehner S. Historical Pollution of an Urban Watershed Based in Geochemical, Geoacumulation, and EROD Activity in PLHC-1 Analyses in Sediment Cores. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:191-205. [PMID: 30310949 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the environmental changes over the past 100 years in the Cambé River watershed in Southern Brazil were investigated. For this, a sediment core was collected to examine the distribution of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and ecotoxicological markers. The core corresponds from 1914 to 2012, which was obtained by the decay of 210Pb. Changes in the study area also were examined by: Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF), sediment quality guidelines (SGQs), and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma (PLHC-1) cells line. The Σ16 PAHs ranged from 242.6 to 40,775 ng g-1, with pyrogenic source at the beginning of the core, which likely corresponds to the burning of forests to establish the city and the later use of fossil fuels from 1960 to 2012. In the 1930s, most of metals presented a concentration below the background. After the 1930s, high concentrations can be associated with the intense use of fertilizers (Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg) and increases in urban traffic (Zn and Pb). Igeo showed that the distribution of Cu is considered moderately to strongly polluted, and the EF of Pb was considered as moderately polluted. Statistical analyses showed a strong relation between the presence of the ANP, FLU, PHE, BaP, IND, and Bghi compounds and the induction of EROD activity, and no correlation with heavy metals. A prediction model for the linear regression was obtained between the ANP and BaP concentrations and the EROD activity, with an accuracy of 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Vieira
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal Technological University of Parana, Rosalina Maria dos Santos, 1233, Campo Mourão, PR, 87301-899, Brazil.
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - J Rizzi
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - E V do Couto
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal Technological University of Parana, Rosalina Maria dos Santos, 1233, Campo Mourão, PR, 87301-899, Brazil
| | - D C Souza
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal Technological University of Parana, Rosalina Maria dos Santos, 1233, Campo Mourão, PR, 87301-899, Brazil
| | - P A L Ferreira
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Square, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - R Figueira
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Square, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - S Froehner
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
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26
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Lima MFB, Fernandes GM, Oliveira AHB, Morais PCV, Marques EV, Santos FR, Nascimento RF, Swarthout RF, Nelson RK, Reddy CM, Cavalcante RM. Emerging and traditional organic markers: Baseline study showing the influence of untraditional anthropogenic activities on coastal zones with multiple activities (Ceará coast, Northeast Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:256-262. [PMID: 30686426 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular markers are useful tools to characterize natural and anthropogenic impacts on coastal zones. Distribution of n-alkanes showed that the Pacoti River was predominantly influenced by terrigenous input. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) indices showed a mix of natural sources, especially pyrogenic influences. Sterol and hormone levels showed sewage discharge. Integrated geographic assessment showed that pyrogenic process and sewage discharge are predominant along the river because of natural and different anthropogenic activities. The upstream region is influenced by rural activities such as livestock and discharge from the sewage treatment plant, whereas the estuarine region is influenced by urban and industrial activities, predominantly the discharge of treated or untreated sewage, vehicle traffic, and manufacture of red ceramics. On the other hand, on the river mouth, there is the predominance of aquaculture activities. Traditional anthropogenic markers are not sufficient for producing a comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic impacts in areas with multiple activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcielly F B Lima
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andre H B Oliveira
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte, SN-PICI, 60000-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pollyana C V Morais
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Elissandra V Marques
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (IOUSP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte, SN-PICI, 60000-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Robert F Swarthout
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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de Morais PCV, Gama AF, Fernandes GM, Oliveira AHB, Lima MFB, Dos Santos FR, Martins DA, Nascimento RF, Cavalcante RM. Emerging and Traditional Organic Markers in Areas with Multiple Anthropogenic Activities: Development of an Analytical Protocol and Its Application in Environmental Assessment Studies. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:66-76. [PMID: 30374587 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development of an analytical protocol combining cleanup by liquid-solid extraction and GC-MS for the determination of emerging and traditional multi-molecular markers. The procedure was used for the environmental assessment of a coastal region with multiple human activities. Global recovery rates ranged from 45.49% to 119.4% for the 46 substances analyzed: pesticides (73.7%-97.7%), PAHs (52.5%-93.7%), sterols (66.7%-119.4%) and natural and synthetic hormones (45.5%-119.1%) and the rates were compared to those reported in studies on both individual classes and multi-classes of contaminants. The analytical protocol demonstrated satisfactory efficiency and could be used successfully in environmental assessments and source assignment studies. The environmental assessment study revealed that the Acaraú River in northeastern Brazil is influenced by the combination of urban and rural activities. The sources of PAHs are vehicular traffic and the burning of biomass; pesticides stem from pest control in agribusiness and public health campaigns; sterols and hormones stem from a combination of natural inputs, human sewage (treated and raw) and animal husbandry activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana C V de Morais
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207 Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60165-081, Brazil.
| | - Allyne F Gama
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207 Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207 Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Andre H B Oliveira
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207 Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Marcielly F B Lima
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207 Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Felipe R Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207 Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207 Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT) - Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60000-000, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207 Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, CEP: 60165-081, Brazil.
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Hedouin L, Shadmehri Toosi A, Cappello T. Spatio-temporal variability, distribution and sources of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reef surface sediments of Kharg and Lark coral reefs, Persian Gulf, Iran. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:307-322. [PMID: 30056345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution, particularly oil pollution, has been a long-standing problem in marine areas. With the aim to assess the pollution status in the Persian Gulf, Iran, herein surface sediments were collected from Kharg and Lark coral reefs, in summer (dry season) and winter (wet season), to evaluate the spatio-temporal variations of n-alkanes and PAHs. The mean total organic carbon (TOC) contents of sediments showed a significantly dramatic variation (p < 0.05) in both seasons at both Islands, with high values recorded at sites located near pollutant inputs. The total mean percent of clay grain-sized sediments at Kharg were 26.57% and 28.86% in dry and wet seasons, respectively, while in Lark were 26.73% in summer and 24.57% in winter. Additionally, at Kharg the mean ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs ranged from 81.35 to 573 µg g-1 dw and 60.25-491 ng g-1 dw in dry season, and 171-754 µg g-1 dw and 41.61-693 ng g-1 dw in winter, respectively. At Lark, the average ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs varied from 31.18 to 272 µg g-1 dw and 41.25-196 ng g-1 dw in summer, whilst oscillated from 57.99 to 332 µg g-1 dw and 16.56-487 ng g-1 dw in wet season, respectively. The lowest mean level of the examined pollutants were spanned in offshore sites, while the highest average concentrations indicated that contaminated sediments were at onshore stations at both Islands in both seasons. Significant seasonal variations (p < 0.05) were observed at most sampling sites for all pollutants. Molecular Diagnostic Ratio (MDR) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that n-alkanes and PAHs had mostly a petrogenic source. The compositional profile of PAHs showed that 2 and 3-ring PAHs were abundant at both sampling sites. Significant positive correlation (r > 0.76) was observed between ∑25n-alkanes and ∑30PAHs at Kharg and Lark sediments with TOC content, especially for the sites with high total pollutant concentrations. Based on the potential impact and ecological risk of n-alkanes and PAHs in surface sediments, it is, therefore, necessary in future studies to focus on their effects on corals and other marine organisms within this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Laetitia Hedouin
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Perpignan, France
| | - Amirhossein Shadmehri Toosi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Qiu YW, Qiu HL, Li J, Zhang G. Bioaccumulation and Cycling of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Typical Mangrove Wetlands of Hainan Island, South China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:464-475. [PMID: 30027305 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove wetlands are important coastal ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions, and mangrove sediments and tissues often are the pollutant sinks due to their high organic matter contents. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the mangrove sediments and tissues of nine species from three typical mangrove wetlands of Hainan Island were studied. The average concentration of PAHs in all mangrove tissues was 403 ng g-1 dw, with PAHs concentrations in leaf, branch, root, and fruit of 566, 335, 314, and 353 ng g-1 dw, respectively. PAHs levels were much higher in leaf than in other mangrove tissues, which may be caused partly by atmospheric deposition of PAHs. The dominant individual PAH compounds in mangrove tissues were phenanthrene (41.3%), fluoranthene (14.7%), and pyrene (11.4%), while in sediments were naphthalene (73.4%), phenanthrene (3.9%), and pyrene (3.6%), respectively. The biota-sediment accumulation factors of PAH congeners in the mangrove wetlands showed different patterns, with the most predominant of phenanthrene. The cycling of PAHs in the mangrove wetlands of Hainan Island also were estimated, and the results showed that the standing accumulation, the annual absorption, the annual net retention, the annual return, and the turnover period in all mangrove tissues of the community were 2228 µg m-2, 869 µg m-2 a-1, 206 µg m-2 a-1, 663 µg m-2 a-1, and 3.4 a, respectively. These results indicated that mangroves are playing an important role in retaining PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Han-Lin Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Nascimento RA, de Almeida M, Escobar NCF, Ferreira SLC, Mortatti J, Queiroz AFS. Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic matter in surface sediments of an estuary under petroleum activity influence, Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:223-230. [PMID: 28454763 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the origin and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the organic matter (OM) in the surface sediment of the São Paulo River estuary, Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), Brazil. The samples were collected in the rainy (CP1) and the dry (CP2) seasons. We analyzed the 16 PAHs from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority pollutant list, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (N), and stable carbon isotope (δ13C). The total concentration of PAHs ranged from 11.45±1.28 to 1825.35±107.96ngg-1, while TOC ranged from 3.8 to 27.7gkg-1. CP1 showed the highest concentrations for all parameters. The δ13C ratio indicated terrigenous OM (-23.81 to -26.63‰). The TOC/N ratio (C/N) indicated transitional OM (12.32 to 24.39), in addition to the continental origin. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs origin revealed only pyrolytic source, although close to areas with a history of petroleum contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Nascimento
- Department of Oceanography, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Campus Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Marcos de Almeida
- Department of Oceanography, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Campus Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Narayana C F Escobar
- Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sergio L C Ferreira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Campus Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT, Energy and Environment, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Mortatti
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), 13416-000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio F S Queiroz
- Department of Oceanography, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Campus Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Efficient adsorption of a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Si–MCM–41 mesoporous molecular sieve. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moreira LB, Castro ÍB, Hortellani MA, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Petti MAV, Fillmann G, Sarkis JES, Bícego MC, Costa-Lotufo LV, Abessa DMS. Effects of harbor activities on sediment quality in a semi-arid region in Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:137-151. [PMID: 27723466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical marine environments are rich in biodiversity and the presence of harbor activities in these areas can harm the coastal ecosystems. In this study, we assessed sediment quality of two harbors from a tropical region in Brazil by applying multiple lines-of-evidence approach. This approach included the integration of results on: (1) grain size, organic matter, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes, and tributyltin; (2) acute toxicity of whole sediments and chronic toxicity of liquid phases; and (3) benthic community descriptors. Our results revealed that the main contaminants detected in sediments from Mucuripe and Pecém Harbors were chromium, copper, nitrogen, zinc, and tributyltin. These toxicants arise from typical harbor activities. However, the changes in benthic composition and structure appear to depend on a combination of physical impacts, such as the deposition of fine sediments and the toxic potential of contaminants, especially in Mucuripe. Thus, apart from toxicants physical processes are important in describing risks. This information may assist in management and conservation of marine coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP - São Vicente, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo B Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Hortellani
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio T Sasaki
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica A V Petti
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jorge E S Sarkis
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denis M S Abessa
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP - São Vicente, Brazil
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Montuori P, Aurino S, Garzonio F, Sarnacchiaro P, Nardone A, Triassi M. Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediments from Tiber River and estuary, Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:1254-1267. [PMID: 27265739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentration, source and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Tiber River and its environmental impact on the Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea) were estimated. The 16 priority PAHs were determined in the water dissolved phase (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments collected from 21 sites in four different seasons. Total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 10.3 to 951.6ngL(-1) and from 36.2 to 545.6ngg(-1) in water (sum of DP and SPM) and in sediment samples, respectively. The compositions of PAHs showed that 2- to 4-ring PAHs were abundant in DP, 4- to 6-ring PAHs were predominant in SPM samples, and 4- to 5-ring PAHs were abundant in sediments. The diagnostic ratio analysis indicated that the PAHs mainly had a pyrolytic source. The toxic equivalent concentration of carcinogenic PAHs was 45.3ngTEQg(-1), suggesting low carcinogenic risk for Tiber River. Total PAHs loads into the sea were calculated in about 3161.7kgyear(-1) showing that this river is one of the main contribution sources of these contaminants to the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sara Aurino
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fatima Garzonio
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sarnacchiaro
- Department of Economics, University Unitelma Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena no 295, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini no 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Naidoo G. Mangrove propagule size and oil contamination effects: Does size matter? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:362-370. [PMID: 27342901 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three mangroves species with differential propagule size, Avicennia marina (2.5±0.3cm), Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (16±2cm) and Rhizophora mucronata (36±3cm), were subjected to oil contamination. In a series of glasshouse and field experiments, the sediment, propagules, leaves and stems were oiled and growth monitored. Oiling of the propagules, leaves, internodes or sediment reduced plant height, leaf number, leaf chlorophyll content index and induced growth abnormalities, leaf abscission and mortality, with effects being greatest in A. marina, intermediate in R. mucronata and least in B. gymnorrhiza. The results suggest that the greater susceptibility of A. marina to oil is due to early shedding of the protective pericarp and rapid root and shoot development after detachment from the parent tree and not to propagule size. After seedling emergence, micromorphological factors such as presence of trichomes, salt glands and thickness of protective barriers influence oil tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonasageran Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/B X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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35
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Pimentel MF, Damasceno ÉP, Jimenez PC, Araújo PFR, Bezerra MF, de Morais PCV, Cavalcante RM, Loureiro S, Lotufo LVC. Endocrine disruption in Sphoeroides testudineus tissues and sediments highlights contamination in a northeastern Brazilian estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:298. [PMID: 27094055 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, considerable attention has been devoted to endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDC) and studies on fish feminization have increased throughout the years as a key signal for aquatic environmental contamination. The input of domestic sewage into water reservoirs is common in South American countries, especially in cities that experienced rapid population growths and unplanned urbanization. This study aimed at characterizing morphofunctional parameters of the tropical fish Sphoeroides testudineus and investigating the potential occurrence and effects of endocrine disruptors in the Pacoti River (Ceará, Brazil), often considered a reference site. After collection from the field, fish were measure/weighted and desiccated for gender identification (males, females, and undifferentiated), gonadal histology, and vitellogenin expression. From the biometric analysis, undifferentiated fish showed lower weight and length than female and male fish, although no differences in the condition index were observed. The gonadal weight of undifferentiated fish was significantly lower than those of females and males. Although this pattern was observed, gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed a different pattern, with differences being observed just between males and the other two groups (females and undifferentiated). Vitellogenin (VTG) expression was detected in many mature male and undifferentiated fish, indicating endocrine disruption. In addition, several EDCs (estrone, 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, and estriol) were identified and quantified in sediments from the sampling site. These results were unexpected and indicative that the Pacoti River is impaired by estrogenic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcionília Fernandes Pimentel
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Marinha, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil.
| | - Évila Pinheiro Damasceno
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Marinha, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil
| | - Paula Christine Jimenez
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Av. Almirante Saldanha da Gama, 89, Santos, São Paulo, 11030-180, Brazil
| | - Pedro Filipe Ribeiro Araújo
- Centro de diagnóstico de enfermidades de organismos aquáticos - CEDECAM, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil
| | - Marcielly Freitas Bezerra
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos - LACOr, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Cristina Vasconcelos de Morais
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos - LACOr, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil
| | - Rivelino Martins Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos - LACOr, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Letícia Veras Costa Lotufo
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Marinha, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60125-120, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1524, Predio Biomedicas I, sala 213, Cidade Universitaria, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
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Barbosa JCS, Santos LGGV, Sant'Anna MVS, Souza MRR, Damasceno FC, Alexandre MR. Seasonal distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the Vaza Barris Estuarine System, Sergipe, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 104:343-346. [PMID: 26837270 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal assessment of anthropogenic activities in the Vaza Barris estuarine river system, located in the Sergipe state, northeastern Brazil, was performed using the aliphatic hydrocarbon distribution. The aliphatic hydrocarbon and isoprenoid (Pristane and Phytane) concentrations ranged between 0.19 μg g(-1) and 8.5 μg g(-1) of dry weight. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, with significance level set at p<0.05, and no seasonality distribution change was observed. The Carbon Preference Index (CPI), associated with <SIGMA> n-alkanes/n-C16, Low Molecular Weight/High Molecular Weight ratio (LMW/HMW) and Terrigenous to Aquatic Ratio (TAR) suggested biogenic input of aliphatic hydrocarbons for most samples, with significant contribution of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos S Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lukas G G V Santos
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Mércia V S Sant'Anna
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Michel R R Souza
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Flaviana C Damasceno
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Alexandre
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Jardim Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
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Oliveira AHB, Cavalcante RM, Duaví WC, Fernandes GM, Nascimento RF, Queiroz MELR, Mendonça KV. The legacy of organochlorine pesticide usage in a tropical semi-arid region (Jaguaribe River, Ceará, Brazil): Implications of the influence of sediment parameters on occurrence, distribution and fate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:254-263. [PMID: 26519585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Between the 1940s and 1990s, immeasurable amounts of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were used in endemic disease control campaigns and agriculture in the tropical semi-arid regions of Brazil. The present study evaluated the legacy of banned OCP usage, considering the levels, ecological risk and dependence on sediment physicochemical properties for the fate and distribution in the Jaguaribe River. The sum concentration of OCPs (ΣOCPs) ranged from 5.09 to 154.43 ng·g(-1), comparable to the levels found in other tropical and subtropical regions that have traditionally used OCPs. The environmental and geographical distribution pattern of p,p-DDT, p,p-DDD and p,p-DDE shows that the estuarine zone contained more than 3.5 times the levels observed in the fluvial region, indicating that the estuary of the Jaguaribe River is a sink. The temporal pattern indicates application of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs) in the past; however, there is evidence of recent input of these pesticides. High ecological risk was observed for levels of γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (γ-HCH) and heptachlor, and moderate ecological risk was observed for levels of DDTs in sediments from the Jaguaribe River. The heptachlor, γ-HCH and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations depend on the organic and inorganic fractions of sediment from the Jaguaribe River, whereas the p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD, p,p-DDT and α-endosulfan concentrations depend solely on the organic fraction of the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- André H B Oliveira
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Wersângela C Duaví
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Analysis Traces (LAT), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, CEP: 60000-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria E L R Queiroz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry (LAQUA), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, CEP: 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Kamila V Mendonça
- Laboratory of Economics, Law and Sustainability (LEDS), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, CEP: 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Sarria-Villa R, Ocampo-Duque W, Páez M, Schuhmacher M. Presence of PAHs in water and sediments of the Colombian Cauca River during heavy rain episodes, and implications for risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:455-65. [PMID: 26303092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Colombia little attention has been paid to river pollution with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Low environmental control and legislation in such emerging region could significantly contribute to high PAHs releases. In this study, we report the presence of PAHs in water and sediments of the Cauca River (Colombia). Three sampling campaigns were carried out between May 2010 and June 2011, and the samples were collected at eight relevant sites. The sampling time included measuring before, during, and after a season of heavy rains, which were influenced by the global coupled ocean-atmospheric phenomenon, which affected tropical countries with huge flooding, commonly called "La Niña", and/or "El Niño" Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The highest mean ∑PAH concentrations were 4476.5 ng/l and 1582.7 ng/g in water and sediments, respectively. The PAHs most detected were Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene, and Pyrene in sediments; and Fluorene, Acenaphtylene, and Anthracene in water. After the season of rains statistically significant higher PAH concentrations were detected. The results of the study were compared to other rivers worldwide at both environmental compartments, and did not show concentrations of special concern. In some sites, concentrations detected of PAHs were higher than screening benchmarks for ecological protection. Estimation of human health risks was carried out, and the results suggested some likely carcinogenic effects due to PAHs especially in children exposed during current recreational swimming and adults working in low technology sand extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Ocampo-Duque
- Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cll 18#118-250, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Martha Páez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cll 13#100-00, Cali, Colombia
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Vaezzadeh V, Zakaria MP, Shau-Hwai AT, Ibrahim ZZ, Mustafa S, Abootalebi-Jahromi F, Masood N, Magam SM, Alkhadher SAA. Forensic investigation of aliphatic hydrocarbons in the sediments from selected mangrove ecosystems in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:311-320. [PMID: 26323864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peninsular Malaysia has gone through fast development during recent decades resulting in the release of large amounts of petroleum and its products into the environment. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are one of the major components of petroleum. Surface sediment samples were collected from five rivers along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons. The total concentrations of C10 to C36 n-alkanes ranged from 27,945 to 254,463ng·g(-1)dry weight (dw). Evaluation of various n-alkane indices such as carbon preference index (CPI; 0.35 to 3.10) and average chain length (ACL; 26.74 to 29.23) of C25 to C33 n-alkanes indicated a predominance of petrogenic source n-alkanes in the lower parts of the Rivers, while biogenic origin n-alkanes from vascular plants are more predominant in the upper parts, especially in less polluted areas. Petrogenic sources of n-alkanes are predominantly heavy and degraded oil versus fresh oil inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Vaezzadeh
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zelina Zaiton Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatemeh Abootalebi-Jahromi
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Najat Masood
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sami Mohsen Magam
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sadeq Abdullah Abdo Alkhadher
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mohebbi-Nozar SL, Zakaria MP, Mortazavi MS, Ismail WR, Kodadadi Jokar K. Concentrations and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Mangrove Sediments from North of Persian Gulf. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1037004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Ruslan Ismail
- HydroGeomorphology Research Group, Section of Geography, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kazem Kodadadi Jokar
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
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Pérez-Fernández B, Viñas L, Franco MÁ, Bargiela J. PAHs in the Ría de Arousa (NW Spain): A consideration of PAHs sources and abundance. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:155-165. [PMID: 25960270 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of 35 parental and alkylated homologues of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) was carried out in eleven marine sediment samples collected along a central transect in the biggest Galician ría. The samples were collected using a box-core dredge and, after freeze-drying, were kept frozen until analysis. The sediments were extracted by PLE (Pressurized Liquid Extraction) procedure and the quantification of PAHs was performed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with the aid of deuterated PAH internal standards. The total concentration of studied PAHs (Σ35PAHs) ranged from 44.8 to 7901ngg(-1) dry weight (d.w.). The highest PAH concentrations were found in sediments collected near the harbour (7901ngg(-1)) and the cleanest positions were located in the outer zone of the ría. To date, these results are the first data presented in the area so they could be used for regular monitoring and control of future pollution episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Pérez-Fernández
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Cabo Estay - Canido, 36390 Vigo, Spain; Campus do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucía Viñas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Cabo Estay - Canido, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - M Ángeles Franco
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Cabo Estay - Canido, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesica Bargiela
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Cabo Estay - Canido, 36390 Vigo, Spain
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42
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Sukhdhane KS, Pandey PK, Vennila A, Purushothaman CS, Ajima MNO. Sources, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mangrove sediments of Thane Creek, Maharashtra, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:274. [PMID: 25893756 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The sources, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the mangrove sediments of Trombay and Vashi, along the Thane Creek, Maharashtra, India, for a period of 6 months. The results showed that the concentration of Ʃ15 PAHs ranged from 902.58 to 1643.60 and from 930.69 to 1158.30 ng g(-1) in Trombay and Vashi, respectively. Trombay showed significantly higher PAH concentration (p < 0.05) than Vashi. The four carcinogenic PAHs, (benzo(b)fluorathene, benzo(k)fluorathene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene) accounted for maximum concentration of the total PAHs. Specific PAH diagnostic indices and the molecular index indicated the presence of both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources with the predominance of pyrolytic origin. A positive correlation (r = 0.736, p < 0.05) existed between the benzo(k)fluorathene level and total PAHs, suggesting the use of this compound as a potential molecular marker for PAH pollution in mangrove sediment. Assessments of potential environmental risks associated with PAHs in this study revealed that the sediment was moderately polluted with high molecular weight PAHs. The study reports the baseline data that can be used for regular monitoring of contamination level considering the heavy industrialization and urbanization along the creek and its coastal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sukhdhane
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India,
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43
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da Fonseca E, Neto JB, McAlister J, Smith B, Crapez M. Bioavailability of pollutants in bacterial communities of Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:953-62. [PMID: 25477931 PMCID: PMC4204982 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000300027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes involving heavy metals and other contaminants continue to present unsolved environmental questions. To advance the understanding of geochemical processes that involve the bioavailability of contaminants, cores where collected in the Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon, and analyzed for bacterial activity and metal concentrations. Results would suggest an extremely reducing environment where organic substances seem to be the predominant agents responsible for this geochemical process. Analytical data showed sulphate reduction to be the main agent driving this process, since this kind of bacteria was found to be active in all of the samples analyzed. Esterase enzyme production did not signal the influence of heavy metals and hydrocarbon concentrations and heavy metals were found to be unavailable for biota. However, correlation between results for bacterial biomass and the potentially mobile percentage of the total Ni concentrations would suggest a negative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.M. da Fonseca
- Departamento de GeologiaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazilDepartamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - J.A. Baptista Neto
- Departamento de GeologiaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazilDepartamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - J.J. McAlister
- School of GeographyQueen’s UniversityBelfastNorthern IrelandUnited KingdomSchool of Geography, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - B.J. Smith
- School of GeographyQueen’s UniversityBelfastNorthern IrelandUnited KingdomSchool of Geography, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - M.A.C. Crapez
- Laboratório de Microbiologia MarinhaDepartamento de Biologia MarinhaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazilLaboratório de Microbiologia Marinha, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Davanso MB, Moreira LB, Pimentel MF, Costa-Lotufo LV, de Souza Abessa DM. Biomarkers in mangrove root crab Goniopsis cruentata for evaluating quality of tropical estuaries. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 91:80-88. [PMID: 23535016 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the use of biomarkers analyzes in mangrove root crab Goniopsis cruentata tissues to assess the environmental quality of two tropical estuarine areas. Animals from Ceará River estuary presented inhibition of ChE and GST enzymatic activities and higher rates of DNA damage with respect to those sampled in a pristine environment. G. cruentata appears to represent a proper species to monitor the quality of tropical estuaries. Since Ceará River is a legally protected area, this survey highlight the needs to implement actions to control pollution loads and improve the protection of natural ecosystems and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Bergo Davanso
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Marinha, Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, CE 60135-081, Brazil.
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Nilin J, Moreira LB, Aguiar JE, Marins R, de Souza Abessa DM, da Cruz Lotufo TM, Costa-Lotufo LV. Sediment quality assessment in a tropical estuary: the case of Ceará River, Northeastern Brazil. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 91:89-96. [PMID: 23522752 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the sediment quality in a tropical estuary located in the northeast of Brazil under semi-arid conditions and multiple sources of contamination, using both toxicity bioassays and metal distribution. The metal distribution followed a concentration gradient decreasing one order of magnitude from the inner station toward the outer estuary, with amounts in the following order: Fe > Al > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu. The index of geoaccumulation indicated a metal enrichment in the Ceará river sediment, mainly at inner sites, considered from moderately to strongly contaminated by Al, Cu, Cr and Zn. Sediment samples were considered toxic by means of whole sediment tests with copepods (reproduction) and amphipods (survival), and also elutriate fraction and sediment-water interface with sea urchin embryos (development). Acute and chronic toxicity did not exhibit a significant correlation with metals, emphasizing the influence of other contaminants mainly related to the pollution sources installed in the mid-estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeamylle Nilin
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia Marinha, Instituto de Ciências do Mar (Labomar), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Abolição 3207, Fortaleza 60165-081, Ceará, Brazil
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Bayen S. Occurrence, bioavailability and toxic effects of trace metals and organic contaminants in mangrove ecosystems: a review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 48:84-101. [PMID: 22885665 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although their ecological and socioeconomic importance has received recent attention, mangrove ecosystems are one of the most threatened tropical environments. Besides direct clearance, hydrological alterations, climatic changes or insect infestations, chemical pollution could be a significant contributor of mangrove degradation. The present paper reviews the current knowledge on the occurrence, bioavailability and toxic effects of trace contaminants in mangrove ecosystems. The literature confirmed that trace metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and Endocrine Disrupters Compounds (EDCs) have been detected in various mangrove compartments (water, sediments and biota). In some cases, these chemicals have associated toxic effects on mangrove ecosystem species, with potential impact on populations and biodiversity in the field. However, nearly all studies about the bioavailability and toxic effects of contaminants in mangrove ecosystems focus on selected trace metals, PAHs or some "conventional" POPs, and virtually no data exist for other contaminant groups. The specificities of mangrove ecosystems (e.g. biology, physico-chemistry and hydrology) support the need for specific ecotoxicological tools. This review highlights the major data and methodological gaps which should be addressed to refine the risk assessment of trace pollutants in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bayen
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Engineering Workshop 1, #02-05, No. 2 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117577, Singapore.
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Hong Y, Yu S, Yu G, Liu Y, Li G, Wang M. Impacts of urbanization on surface sediment quality: evidence from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminations in the Grand Canal of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 19:1352-1363. [PMID: 22743985 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organic pollutants, especially synthetic organic compounds, can indicate paces of anthropogenic activities. Effects of urbanization on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) distributions in surface sediment were conducted in urban sections of the Grand Canal, China, consisting of a four-level urbanization gradient. MATERIALS AND METHODS The four-level urbanization gradients include three countryside towns, two small-size cities, three medium-size cities, and a large-size city. Diagnostic ratio analysis and factor analysis-multiple linear regression model were used for source apportionment of PAHs. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) of USA and Canada were employed to assess ecological risks of PAHs and PCBs in surface sediments of the Canal. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ranges of PAH and PCB concentrations in surface sediments were 0.66-22 mg/kg and 0.5-93 μg/kg, respectively. Coal-related sources were primary PAH sources and followed by vehicular emission. Total concentration, composition, and source apportionment of PAHs exhibited urbanization gradient effects. Total PCB concentrations increased with the urbanization gradient, while total PAHs concentration in surface sediments presented an inverted U Kuznets curve with the urbanization gradient. Elevated concentrations of both PAHs and PCBs ranged at effect range low levels or interim SQG, assessed by USA and Canadian SQGs. CONCLUSIONS PAHs and PCBs in surface sediments of the Grand Canal showed urbanization gradient effects and low ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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48
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Ramdine G, Fichet D, Louis M, Lemoine S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediment and oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) from mangrove of Guadeloupe: levels, bioavailability, and effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:80-89. [PMID: 22209019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediment and oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) from the coastlines of Guadeloupe were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using GC/MS. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were used to assess the response of these oysters to hydrocarbons exposure. The total concentration of PAHs in the sediment ranged from 49 to 1065 ng/g dw, while concentrations in oyster ranged from 66 to 961 ng/g dw. Molecular indices based on isomeric PAHs ratios characterize the pollution sources and show that most of the contaminations in sediment originate from pyrolytic inputs. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) have been related to isomeric ratio calculated for oysters in order to refine PAHs sources. The variations of BAFs observed in the different compounds resulted from different uptake pathways in the mangrove oysters according to the type of inputs. Response of biomarkers showed inhibition of catalase and an increase of lipid peroxidation at the station where PAHs concentrations were the highest. Taken together, data obtained point to the relevance of considering environmental conditions as factors influencing biomarker responses in environmental monitoring programs. These data also indicate the need for regular environmental follow-up studies in Guadeloupe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Ramdine
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, DYNECAR EA926, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus de Fouillole BP 592, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe.
| | - Denis Fichet
- LIENSS, UMR 6250, Université de La Rochelle, Institut du Littoral et de l'Environnement (ILE), 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Max Louis
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, DYNECAR EA926, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus de Fouillole BP 592, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe
| | - Soazig Lemoine
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, DYNECAR EA926, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Campus de Fouillole BP 592, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe
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Cavalcante RM, Sousa FW, Nascimento RF, Silveira ER, Viana RB. Influence of urban activities on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in precipitation: distribution, sources and depositional flux in a developing metropolis, Fortaleza, Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 414:287-92. [PMID: 22134033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bulk precipitation in the Fortaleza metropolitan area, Ceará, Brazil, for the first time. Because little information is available concerning PAHs in tropical climatic regions, we assessed their spatial distribution and possible sources and the influence of urban activities on the depositional fluxes of PAHs in bulk precipitation. The concentrations of individual and total PAHs (Σ(PAHs)) in bulk precipitation ranged from undetectable to 133.9 ng.L(-1) and from 202.6 to 674.8 ng.L(-1), respectively. The plume of highest concentrations was most intense in a zone with heavy automobile traffic and favorable topography for the concentration of emitted pollutants. The depositional fluxes of PAHs in bulk precipitation calculated in this study (undetectable to 0.87 μg.m(-2).month(-1)) are 4 to 27 times smaller than those reported from tourist sites and industrial and urban areas in the Northern Hemisphere. Diagnostic ratio analyses of PAH samples showed that the major source of emissions is gasoline exhaust, with a small percentage originating from diesel fuel. Contributions from coal and wood combustion were also found. Major economic activities appear to contribute to pollutant emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Avaliação de Contaminantes Orgânicos, Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará-Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Lewis M, Pryor R, Wilking L. Fate and effects of anthropogenic chemicals in mangrove ecosystems: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:2328-2346. [PMID: 21601968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The scientific literature for fate and effects of non-nutrient contaminant concentrations is skewed for reports describing sediment contamination and bioaccumulation for trace metals. Concentrations for at least 22 trace metals have been reported in mangrove sediments. Some concentrations exceed sediment quality guidelines suggesting adverse effects. Bioaccumulation results are available for at least 11 trace metals, 12 mangrove tissues, 33 mangrove species and 53 species of mangrove-habitat biota. Results are specific to species, tissues, life stage, and season and accumulated concentrations and bioconcentration factors are usually low. Toxicity tests have been conducted with 12 mangrove species and 8 species of mangrove-related fauna. As many as 39 effect parameters, most sublethal, have been monitored during the usual 3 to 6 month test durations. Generalizations and extrapolations for toxicity between species and chemicals are restricted by data scarcity and lack of experimental consistency. This hinders chemical risk assessments and validation of effects-based criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lewis
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561, USA.
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