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Fadol N, Abdelrazig A, Idriss H, Alashban Y, Shubayr N. Natural Radioactivity of Granitic Rocks and Their Health Risk around Ingesana Mountains, Sudan. HEALTH PHYSICS 2024; 126:18-24. [PMID: 37861441 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This work was carried out mainly to analyze radioactive elements 40 K, 232 Th, and 226 Ra and non-radioactive elements in some granitic rocks and study their health risk for humans and non-humans. Radioisotope activity was evaluated using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, and various radiological hazard indices were calculated. We also measured some non-radioactive elements using x-ray fluorescence analysis and performed Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationships between the radionuclides and the non-radioactive elements. Furthermore, we used the ERICA software to estimate the total dose rate per organism for some non-human biota. The means of 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K are 25.13 ± 5.22 Bq kg -1 , 29.01 ± 6.95 Bq kg -1 , and 323.07 ± 97.83 Bq kg -1 , respectively. Hence, 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K radioactivities were lower than the worldwide average limits. The 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K levels were under the global average values. The hazardous radiometric variables were computed, and the findings observed that the mean absorbed dosage was 23.48 ± 7.36 nGy h -1 , the yearly effective dose rate was 29.82 ± 10.46 μSv y -1 , and the radium equivalent activity was 88.88 ± 18.64 Bq kg -1 . The average dose and yearly effective dose rates were lower than the global average absorbed dose rate of 60 nGy h -1 and the ICRP standard of 1.0 mSv y -1 . The results of Ra-equivalent activity were lower than the recommended maximum criterion for building materials limit of Ra-equivalent activity (370 Bq kg -1 ) proposed by UNSCEAR. Tests of Pearson correlation coefficients indicate a substantial positive relationship between 226 Ra and 232 Th and a modest correlation between 226 Ra and 40 K. Meanwhile, no association between 226 Ra and 40 K and non-radioactive components has been identified. Thorium-232 exhibits a moderately favorable connection with Ti, Fe, and Ni. The estimated total dose rate per organism for the studied non-human is less than the ambient dose rate. However, the total dose rate for small burrowing mammals and reptiles exceeds the background exposure rate. In accordance with the findings, granite rocks may be safe to use as construction materials and pose no threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Abdelrazig
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajo Idriss
- Department Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, (IMSIU) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Alashban
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Shubayr
- Diagnostic Radiography Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Küçükönder E, Gümbür S, Söğüt Ö, Doğru M. Direct gamma dose rate measurement and assessment of excess lifetime cancer risk. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2136-2147. [PMID: 37587689 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, in some neighborhoods in Kahramanmaraş province of Turkey, indoors and outdoors direct gamma dose rate measurements have been done. All of the gamma dose rate measurements have been made at ground level and at the height of 1 m from the ground. The median values of the gamma dose rates on the ground and 1 m above the ground indoors are 70.34 ± 7.74 and 49.53 ± 5.39 nGy h-1, respectively. Outdoor measurements have been carried out on both soil and asphalt floors. The average values of gamma dose rate on the ground and at a height of 1 m outdoors (soil floor) are 68.16 ± 7.49 and 53.50 ± 5.88 nGy h-1, respectively. The mean values of gamma dose rate on the ground and 1 m above the ground outdoors (asphalt floor) are 61.63 ± 6.77 and 48.69 ± 5.35 nGy h-1, respectively. Indoor and outdoor average gamma dose rates are below the mean world. In addition, using the measured gamma dose rate values, annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for adults have been calculated. The total AEDE and ELCR (on soil floors and indoors at 1 m above ground level) are 0.31 ± 0.03 mSv y-1 and 1.08 ± 0.10 × 10-3, respectively. The total AEDE and ELCR (on asphalt floors and indoors at 1 m above ground level) are 0.30 ± 0.03 mSv y-1 and 1.06 ± 0.10 × 10-3, respectively. The AEDE and ELCR for adults living in the neighborhoods within the scope of the study in Kahramanmaraş city center within 1 y are lower than the average world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Küçükönder
- Department of Materials and Material Processing, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaraş 46100, Turkey
| | - Serdar Gümbür
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaraş 46100, Turkey
| | - Ömer Söğüt
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaraş 46100, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Doğru
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Bitlis Eren University, Bitlis, Turkey
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Küçükönder E, Gümbür S, Söğüt Ö, Doğru M. Natural radioactivity in soil samples taken from Kahramanmaraş provincial center. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01577-w. [PMID: 37185800 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 238U, 232Th, and 40K with gross alpha and beta values in soils collected from the Kahramanmaraş city center were measured in this study, and the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), excessive lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), and terrestrial absorbed gamma dose rates were calculated for gamma radiation from 238U, 232Th, and 40K radionuclides. The samples' gross alpha and beta radioactivity concentrations, respectively, range from 0.06 ± 0.01 Bq/kg to 0.45 ± 0.04 Bq/kg and 0.14 ± 0.02 Bq/kg to 0.95 ± 0.09 Bq/kg. The Kahramanmaraş province's soil samples have mean gross alpha and beta radiation values of 0.25 ± 0.03 Bq/kg and 0.52 ± 0.05 Bq/kg, respectively. 238U, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in soil samples range from 2.32 ± 0.2 Bq/kg to 40.10 ± 1.4 Bq/kg, 0.60 ± 0.03 Bq/kg to 10.47 ± 1.01 Bq/kg, and 11.60 ± 1.01 Bq/kg to 160.84 ± 4.6 Bq/kg, respectively. 238U, 232Th, and 40K each had average activity concentrations of 11.50 ± 1.1, 4.50 ± 0.4, and 62.20 ± 1.6 Bq/kg in soil, respectively. The annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), excessive lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), and terrestrial absorbed gamma dose rate range from 0.01 ± 0.01 μSv y-1 to 0.03 ± 0.02 μSv y-1, and 0.01 ± 0.01 × 10-3 to 0.12 ± 0.03 × 10-3, 1.72 ± 0.01 nGy h-1 to 25.05 ± 0.21 nGy h-1, respectively. Additionally, the average annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), average excessive lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), and average terrestrial absorbed gamma dose rates are 0.01 ± 0.01 μSv y-1, and 0.05 ± 0.02 × 10-3, 9.81 ± 0.09 nGy h-1, respectively. The acquired data were compared to both domestic and international standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Küçükönder
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Materials and Material Processing, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 46100, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Serdar Gümbür
- Institute of Science, Department of Physics, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 46100, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
| | - Ömer Söğüt
- Institute of Science, Department of Physics, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 46100, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Doğru
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Firat University, 23169, Elazığ, Turkey
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Yorgun NY, Oto B, Gür F, Tarakçı M, Yıldız HE, Kavaz E. MEASUREMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF 226RA, 232TH, 40K IN THE SOIL IN SETTLEMENTS ON THE COASTLINE OF LAKE VAN, TURKEY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1575-1584. [PMID: 36274260 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the natural radioactivity level and its effects on the environment of Lake Van, which is the largest lake in Turkey, were investigated extensively. Initially, 254 soil samples have been collected from the districts (Tusba, Edremit, Gevas, Tatvan, Ahlat, Adilcevaz, Ercis) located around the coastline of Lake Van in eastern Turkey. A Na(TI) detector was used to detect activity concentrations of radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) in each collected soil sample. The obtained average results were compared with available data from Turkey and international data base. The average activity in soil samples was measured as 28.0 ± 3.7-43.6 ± 2.2 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 27.3 ± 4.1-55.4 ± 4.8 Bq/kg for 232Th and 377 ± 42- 706 ± 40 Bq/kg for 40K. It was observed that the average concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K (43.6 ± 2.2, 55.4 ± 4.8, 706 ± 40 Bq/kg, respectively) for Tatvan district and (37.0 ± 3.5, 51.4 ± 4.2, 479 ± 41 Bq/kg, respectively) for Ahlat district were higher than both national and international average value. In addition, radiological effect parameters originating from terrestrial natural radionuclides for the study area; gamma dose rate (Dout), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), and lifetime cancer development probability (LCR) were calculated. The Dout, AEDE, LCR (83.0 ± 3.9 nGy/h, 0.102 ± 0.005 mSv/y, 0.36 ± 0.02 x 10-3, respectively) parameters in Tatvan district were found to be above the international allowable value.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yıldız Yorgun
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65040 Van, Turkey
| | - B Oto
- Department of Marine Engineering, Faculty of Maritime, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65040 Van, Turkey
| | - F Gür
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - M Tarakçı
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - H Erzen Yıldız
- Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65040 Van, Turkey
| | - E Kavaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Sathish V, Chandrasekaran A, Tamilarasi A, Thangam V. Natural radioactivity and mineral assessment in red and black colored soils collected from agricultural area of Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bodunrin JO, Ajayi OS, Oke JA. Human exposure levels to ionizing radiation in Agbara Industrial Estate: an impact of Industrial activities in Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:34. [PMID: 33404908 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A total of fifty-five soil samples were collected from four locations, namely, residential, industrial, dumpsite, and sewage in Agbara industrial estate, Ogun state, Nigeria. The samples were analyzed using a high purity germanium detector (HPGe) to measure the activity concentration of radionuclides. Background radiation measurements were also taken at each point where soil samples were collected using Geiger Muller (GM) counter. The mean activity concentrations measured in the soil samples were 171.33 for 40K, 9.11 for 232Th, and 5.05 for 226Ra in Bq/kg. The mean absorbed dose rate in the air due to radionuclides (40K, 232Th, and 226Ra) in the soil is calculated to be 14.77 nGy/h, and the mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) is 0.02 mSv/year. The mean equivalent dose rate (EDR) from GM counter for background radiation is 0.22 μSv/h, and the mean annual effective dose rate (AEDR) is 0.39 mSv/year. These values are below the world average values, except EDR and AEDR with mean values higher than the world standard. The comparison of radiation dose rates revealed that radionuclides contributed 6.7% to background radiation. The equivalent dose (EDorgans) for various organs of the body was calculated, and results showed that values do not pose any immediate health hazard. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) due to exposure to background radiation indicated that the dwellers and industrial workers in the study area may develop cancer over a lifetime due to accumulated dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Bodunrin
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Florida, 1709, Science Campus, Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, PMB 704, Nigeria
| | - Oladele S Ajayi
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, PMB 704, Nigeria
| | - James A Oke
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Florida, 1709, Science Campus, Christiaan de Wet and Pioneer Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Environmental radioactivity and associated radiological hazards in surface soils in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leuangtakoun S, Phan GTT, Duong TD, Le NT, Khong NK, Singsoupho S, Tran HN, Bui VL. Natural radioactivity measurement and radiological hazard evaluation in surface soils in a gold mining area and surrounding regions in Bolikhamxay province, Laos. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Bingöldağ N, Otansev P. Spatial distribution of natural and artificial radioactivity concentrations in soil samples and statistical approach, Nevşehir, Turkey. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2020-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs radionuclides in soil samples collected from 323 different regions of Nevşehir province were determined by using a gamma spectrometer with an HPGe detector. The mean gamma activity concentrations (ranges) of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs for districts were determined as 49.45 (7.40–193.90), 54.08 (<2.8–122.50), 698.43 (37.67–1370.20) and 8.26 (0.10–52.60) Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were higher than the world mean value. According to Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, distributions of 226Ra, 232Th and 137Cs show log-normal distributions. Whereas, 40K shows normal distribution. The mean radium equivalent activity was 181.68 Bq kg−1 which is lower than the recommended maximum value of 370 Bq kg−1. The mean external terrestrial gamma dose rate was found to be 85.12 nGy h−1. The calculated external hazard value was 0.49 and within the acceptable limit which is less than unity (Hex ≤ 1). Thermo Scientific RadEye NBR detector was used to determine environmental gamma dose rates. The gamma dose rates were measured at 445 points at a height of 1 m from land surface. The mean outdoor gamma dose rate (range) was found as 150.13 (50–480) nGy h−1. This mean value was found higher than world mean value. The fact that most of the Nevşehir province is based on volcanic rocks explains why the gamma dose rates are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesli Bingöldağ
- TAEK, Çekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center , Altınşehir Yolu , 34303 , Halkalı , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Pelin Otansev
- Department of Physics , Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Natural radioactivity and radiological hazards in soil samples in Savannakhet province, Laos. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bramha SN, Krishnan H, Subramanian V, Baskaran R, Venkatraman B. BASELINE EVALUATION STUDY OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES IN SOIL SAMPLES FROM VICINITY OF INDIA'S FIRST FAST REACTOR FUEL CYCLE FACILITY (FRFCF), DAE COMPLEX, KALPAKKAM, INDIA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 185:87-95. [PMID: 30561717 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K were measured in the soil samples collected from Fast Reactor Fuel Cycle Facility (FRFCF) site, using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. This study is aimed to establish the baseline data of naturally occurring radionuclides within the site. The average activity concentrations were found to be 416.5, 61.7 and 622.3 Bq kg-1 for 40K, 238U and 232Th, respectively. The activity concentrations and its radiological indices were evaluated and were compared with the international values reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The ratio of 40K/232Th and 40K /238U were calculated, which indicates the presence of 5.79 and 2.69 times more K-bearing minerals as compared with Th and U-bearing minerals in the soil samples, respectively. The study provides baseline information on concentration of radionuclides and background radiological assessment of the FRFCF site.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Bramha
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H Krishnan
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Subramanian
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Baskaran
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Venkatraman
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Radioactive iodine analysis in environmental samples around nuclear facilities and sewage treatment plants. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Radioactivity levels and health risks due to radionuclides in the soil and sediment of mid-Black Sea: Kızılırmak Deltas-Turkey. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2017-2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Artificial and natural radionuclide pollutants of the marine environment have been recognized as a serious environmental concern. In this study, the activity concentrations of terrestrial and anthropogenic radionuclides in the soil and sediment samples collected from Bafra Kızılırmak Delta were measured by using gamma spectrometry with an NaI (Tl) detector. The average specific of activity concentrations for 238U, 232Th and 40K were found to be 28.59, 17.48 and 150.59 Bq kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, 137Cs was also measured in some samples. 137Cs (t1/2=30.17 years) is a man-made radionuclide released from nuclear fission and activation processes. It has a mean value of 5.32 Bq kg−1. From the activity concentrations, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed gamma dose rates (DR), the annual gonadal dose equivalent, annual effective dose equivalent, internal (Hin), external hazard index (Hex) and excess lifetime cancer risk were estimated. This study can be used as a base line for future investigations and the data obtained in this study may be useful for natural radioactivity mapping and also be used as a reference data for monitoring possible radioactivity pollutions in future.
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Unal S, Yalcin MG, Ocak S, Yalcin R, Ozmen SF. Computation of gamma radioactivity of natural rocks in the vicinity of Antalya province and its effect on health. KERNTECHNIK 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine uranium (238U), potassium (40K) and thorium (232Th) in the radioactive elements by measuring the natural rocks in the vicinity of Antalya province by using High-purity Germanium (HPGe) Detector with gamma spectrometry 69. At the end of the measurements, total absorbed dose rates of the rock samples have been found to be within the normal range of values between 3.10 nGy/h and 117.35 nGy/h. While the minimum value of Raeq has been determined to be 6.36 Bq/kg at sample S8, the maximum value has been determined as 250.15 Bq/kg at sample S4. All of the values obtained at the end of the study have been determined to be lower than the maximum Raeq value (370 Bq/kg) and the limit values for industrial products which ranges between 370 – 740 Bq/kg. ARa, ATh and AK; 232Th, 40K and 226Ra of radionuclides are the activity concentrations in terms of Bq/kg. The hex value should be less than 1. The value is based on the upper limit of Raeq (370 Bq/kg). All of the results obtained are less than the limit value of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Unal
- 1Akdeniz University, Engineering Geology, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. G. Yalcin
- 1Akdeniz University, Engineering Geology, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - S. Ocak
- 2Gazi University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R. Yalcin
- 1Akdeniz University, Engineering Geology, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - S. F. Ozmen
- 3Akdeniz University, Department of Physic, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
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Sivakumar S, Chandrasekaran A, Ravisankar R, Ravikumar S, Prince Prakash Jebakumar J, Vijayagopal P, Vijayalakshmi I, Jose M. Measurement of natural radioactivity and evaluation of radiation hazards in coastal sediments of east coast of Tamilnadu using statistical approach. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sivakumar
- Department of Physics, Mailam Engineering College, Mailam 604304, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A. Chandrasekaran
- Vel Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600 062, India
| | - R. Ravisankar
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Thiruvannamalai 606603, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S.M. Ravikumar
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Thiruvannamalai 606603, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J. Prince Prakash Jebakumar
- Coastal and Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P. Vijayagopal
- Radiation Safety Section, Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - I. Vijayalakshmi
- Radiation Safety Section, Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M.T. Jose
- Radiation Safety Section, Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the levels of background radiation in nine districts of Kırıkkale, Turkey. The outdoor gamma dose rate in the air was measured using a portable digital environmental radiation detector at 170 locations. The mean outdoor gamma dose rate in the air was determined as 121 nGy h−1 with a range between 23 and 320 nGy h−1. The annual effective dose for districts was between 0.04 and 0.59 mSv year−1 with a mean value of 0.23 mSv year−1. Excess lifetime cancer risk values for districts ranged from 0.14×10−3 to 2.07×10−3 with a mean of 0.80×10−3. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in 84 soil samples were determined using HPGe detector. The mean activity values (ranges) of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in soil samples were found to be 20.4 (4.9±3.0–53.0±0.8) Bq kg−1, 38.8 (3.7±0.2–163.5±1.8) Bq kg−1, 598.0 (108.5±70.2–1500.5±38.7) Bq kg−1 and 3.9 (0.2±0.1–11.9±0.7) Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean activity concentration of 232Th and 40K was higher than the world’s mean value. The mean radium equivalent activity was 119.76 Bq kg−1 which is lower than the recommended maximum value of 370 Bq kg−1. The mean external terrestrial gamma dose rate was found to be 56.71 nGy h−1. This mean value was lower than the world mean of 60 nGy h−1. The calculated external hazard value was 0.32 and within the acceptable limit which is less than unity (Hex≤1). The indoor radon concentration in 150 houses for the summer and winter seasons was determined using solid state nuclear track detector (CR-39). The mean indoor concentration for the summer season was found to be 63.27 Bq m−3 ranging from 14.0±1.5 to 288.0±21.9 Bq m−3. On the other hand, the mean indoor concentration in the winter season was found to be 86.94 Bq m−3 ranging from 17.0±4.5 to 484.0±26.9 Bq m−3. The present results showed that the radon activity concentrations in winter were 42.3% higher than in the summer. The mean annual effective dose equivalent and lifetime cancer risk were also calculated.
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Kayakökü H, Doğru M. Radioactivity analysis of soil samples taken from the western and northern shores of Lake Van, Turkey. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 128:231-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Oto B, Yıldız N, Şeremet M. Natural radioactivity-based radiological hazards in soils of the islands: a case study from Eastern Turkey. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A comprehensive work was carried out to investigate natural radionuclides of 238U, 232Th and 40K in 73 soil samples collected from islands of Adır, Çarpanak and Akdamar on the Van Lake (Turkey) located at Eastern Turkey. Radioactivity concentrations of these radionuclides were measured by using a gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector to be from 4.11 to 77.1 Bq/kg, from 6.0 to 70.0 Bq/kg and from 133.05 to 749.77 Bq/kg with the mean values of 33.33 Bq/kg, 36.68 Bq/kg and 478.19 Bq/kg, respectively. In addition, the absorbed gamma dose rate in air (D) and annual effective dose equivalent (AED) were found to be 57.5 nGy/h and 70.5 μSv/year, respectively. We have shown that our results might be related to the geological formation type. The results were compared with some published ones in Turkey and the World, which were found within acceptable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Oto
- Department of Marine Engineering, Faculty of Maritime , Yuzuncu Yil University , 65080 Van , Turkey
| | - Nergiz Yıldız
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , Yuzuncu Yil University , 65080 Van , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şeremet
- Department of Maritime Transportation and Management Engineering , Yuzuncu Yil University , 65080 Van , Turkey
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Yeşilkanat CM, Kobya Y, Taşkın H, Çevik U. Spatial interpolation and radiological mapping of ambient gamma dose rate by using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic methods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 175-176:78-93. [PMID: 28478281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine spatial risk dispersion of ambient gamma dose rate (AGDR) by using both artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic (FL) methods, compare the performances of methods, make dose estimations for intermediate stations with no previous measurements and create dose rate risk maps of the study area. In order to determine the dose distribution by using artificial neural networks, two main networks and five different network structures were used; feed forward ANN; Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Radial basis functional neural network (RBFNN), Quantile regression neural network (QRNN) and recurrent ANN; Jordan networks (JN), Elman networks (EN). In the evaluation of estimation performance obtained for the test data, all models appear to give similar results. According to the cross-validation results obtained for explaining AGDR distribution, Pearson's r coefficients were calculated as 0.94, 0.91, 0.89, 0.91, 0.91 and 0.92 and RMSE values were calculated as 34.78, 43.28, 63.92, 44.86, 46.77 and 37.92 for MLP, RBFNN, QRNN, JN, EN and FL, respectively. In addition, spatial risk maps showing distributions of AGDR of the study area were created by all models and results were compared with geological, topological and soil structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaşar Kobya
- Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 08100 Artvin, Turkey
| | - Halim Taşkın
- TAEK, Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Çevik
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 61000 Trabzon, Turkey
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Yeşilkanat CM, Kobya Y, Taşkin H, Çevik U. Dose rate estimates and spatial interpolation maps of outdoor gamma dose rate with geostatistical methods; A case study from Artvin, Turkey. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 150:132-144. [PMID: 26318776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, compliance of geostatistical estimation methods is compared to ensure investigation and imaging natural Fon radiation using the minimum number of data. Artvin province, which has a quite hilly terrain and wide variety of soil and located in the north-east of Turkey, is selected as the study area. Outdoor gamma dose rate (OGDR), which is an important determinant of environmental radioactivity level, is measured in 204 stations. Spatial structure of OGDR is determined by anisotropic, isotropic and residual variograms. Ordinary kriging (OK) and universal kriging (UK) interpolation estimations were calculated with the help of model parameters obtained from these variograms. In OK, although calculations are made based on positions of points where samples are taken, in the UK technique, general soil groups and altitude values directly affecting OGDR are included in the calculations. When two methods are evaluated based on their performances, it has been determined that UK model (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) gives quite better results than OK model (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). In addition, as a result of the maps created at the end of the study, it was illustrated that local changes are better reflected by UK method compared to OK method and its error variance is found to be lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cafer Mert Yeşilkanat
- Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Physics, 08100 Artvin, Turkey.
| | - Yaşar Kobya
- Artvin Çoruh University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 08100 Artvin, Turkey
| | - Halim Taşkin
- TAEK, Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, Altınşehir Yolu 5 Km, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Çevik
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, 61000 Trabzon, Turkey
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22
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Attia TE, Shendi EH, Shehata MA. Assessment of natural and artificial radioactivity levels and radiation hazards and their relation to heavy metals in the industrial area of Port Said city, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3082-3097. [PMID: 25233912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A detailed gamma ray spectrometry survey was carried out to make an action in environmental impact assessment of urbanization and industrialization on Port Said city, Egypt. The concentrations of the measured radioelements U-238, Th-232 in ppm, and K-40 %, in addition to the total counts of three selected randomly dumping sites (A, B, and C) were mapped. The concentration maps represent a base line for the radioactivity in the study area in order to detect any future radioactive contamination. These concentrations are ranging between 0.2 and 21 ppm for U-238 and 0.01 to 13.4 ppm for Th-232 as well as 0.15 to 3.8 % for K-40, whereas the total count values range from 8.7 to 123.6 uR. Moreover, the dose rate was mapped using the same spectrometer and survey parameters in order to assess the radiological effect of these radioelements. The dose rate values range from 0.12 to 1.61 mSv/year. Eighteen soil samples were collected from the sites with high radioelement concentrations and dose rates to determine the activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 using HPGe spectrometer. The activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 in the measured samples range from 18.03 to 398.66 Bq kg(-1), 5.28 to 75.7 Bq kg(-1), and 3,237.88 to 583.12 Bq kg(-1), respectively. In addition to analyze heavy metal for two high reading samples (a 1 and a 10) which give concentrations of Cd and Zn elements (a 1 40 ppm and a 10 42 ppm) and (a 1 0.90 ppm and a 10 0.97 ppm), respectively, that are in the range of phosphate fertilizer products that suggested a dumped man-made waste in site A. All indicate that the measured values for the soil samples in the two sites of three falls within the world ranges of soil in areas with normal levels of radioactivity, while site A shows a potential radiological risk for human beings, and it is important to carry out dose assessment program with a specifically detailed monitoring program periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Attia
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt,
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Agar O, Boztosun I, Korkmaz ME, Özmen SF. Measurement of radioactivity levels and assessment of radioactivity hazards of soil samples in Karaman, Turkey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:630-637. [PMID: 24587487 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the levels of the natural and artificial radioactivity in soil samples collected from surrounding of Karaman in Turkey were measured. Activity concentrations of the concerned radionuclides were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry using a high-purity germanium detector with a relative efficiency of 40 % at 1.332 MeV. The results obtained for the (238)U series ((226)Ra, (214)Pb and (214)Bi), (232)Th series ((228)Ac), (40)K and fission product (137)Cs are discussed. To evaluate the radiological hazard of radioactivity in samples, the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose and the external (Hex) and internal hazard index (Hin) were calculated and presented in comparison with the data collected from different areas in the world and Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Agar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey Nükleer Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - I Boztosun
- Nükleer Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M E Korkmaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey Nükleer Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - S F Özmen
- Nükleer Bilimler Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Chakraborty SR, Alam MK. Countrywide radiation dose in different locations, dwellings and free spaces of Bangladesh. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:638-648. [PMID: 24615261 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The research work was aimed to determine the fatal cancer risk due to the radiation exposure on population of Bangladesh. The total risk is somewhat higher. However, the average total fatal probability coefficient was found to be 101 cases per million people, the range of which was from 78 to 144 per million people. The lowest risk was found for the people of Srimangal (Maulavibazar) and Sandweep, while the risk was highest for the people of Nachole (Chapai Nawabgonj) and Badalgachhi (Naogaon), the two locations are in the Borendra region. The risk factors were found to be around average level for the people of Dhaka, Chittagong and Rajshahi. Since a very significant portion of people of Bangladesh live in these areas, the calculated average risk factor become more meaningful. Moreover, as both the average effective dose equivalents and the population density in Bangladesh are higher than those of the countries compared, the people of Bangladesh are in more risk than those countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Kowsar Alam
- Department of Physics, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
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Tari M, Moussavi Zarandi SA, Mohammadi K, Zare MR. The measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides in beach sand cores of coastal regions of Ramsar, Iran using HPGe detectors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 74:425-434. [PMID: 23850123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclides which present in different beach sands are sources of external exposure that contribute to the total radiation exposure of human. (226)Ra, (235)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs analysis has been carried out in sand samples collected at six depth levels, from eight locations of the northern coast of Iran, Ramsar, using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. The average Specific activities of natural radionuclides viz., (226)Ra, (235)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs, in the 0-36 cm depth sand were found as: 19.2±0.04, 2.67±0.17, 17.9±0.06, 337.5±0.61 and 3.35±0.12 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The effects of organic matter content and pH value of sand samples on the natural radionuclide levels were also investigated. Finally, the measured radionuclide concentrations in the Ramsar beach were compared with the world average values, as reported by UNSCEAR (2000). None of the studied beaches were considered as a radiological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Tari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Kurnaz A. BACKGROUND RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AND CANCER RISK ESTIMATES FOR SEBINKARAHISAR, TURKEY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2013; 199:nct115. [PMID: 23633648 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the measurement results of environmental radioactivity levels for Şebinkarahisar district (uranium-thorium area), Giresun, Turkey. The radioactivity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and the fission product 137Cs in soil samples collected from 73 regions from the surroundings of the study area were determined. In situ measurements of the gamma dose rate in air were performed in the same 73 locations where the soil samples were collected using a portable NaI detector. Also the mean radioactivity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in rock samples collected from 50 regions were determined. The mean estimated cancer risk value was found. The seasonal variations of the indoor radon activity concentrations were determined in the 30 dwellings in the study area. In addition, the mean gross alpha, gross beta and radon activities in tap water samples were determined in the same 30 dwellings. The excess lifetime cancer risk was calculated using the risk factors of International Commission on Radiological Protection and Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Radiological maps of the Şebinkarahisar region were composed using the results obtained from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Kurnaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37100, Turkey
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Kucukomeroglu B, Maksutoglu F, Damla N, Cevik U, Celebi N. A study of environmental radioactivity measurements in the Samsun province, Turkey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 152:369-375. [PMID: 22619352 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was concerned with the measurement of natural and artificial radionuclides in soil samples and indoor radon concentrations in the Samsun province, Turkey. In soil samples, the values of individual mean activity of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs radionuclides were found to be 31, 22, 341 and 16 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The radiological parameters, such as the absorbed dose rate in air, the annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk, were calculated. Indoor radon measurements were carried out with CR-39-based radon dosemeters at 127 dwellings in the Samsun province. The mean annual (222)Rn activity was found to be 106 Bq m(-3) (equivalent to an AED of 1.88 mSv). The seasonal variation of (222)Rn activity shows that maximum levels are observed in the winter, while minimum levels are observed in the summer. The mean lifetime fatality risk for the studied area was estimated at 1.45×10(-4). The results obtained did not significantly differ from those obtained in other parts of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kucukomeroglu
- Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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28
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Aközcan S. Distribution of natural radionuclide concentrations in sediment samples in Didim and Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea-Turkey). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 112:60-63. [PMID: 22542838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Natural and artificial radionuclide pollutants of the marine environment have been recognized as a serious environmental concern. The natural radioactivity activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K were measured by gamma spectrometry in sediment samples collected from two different areas in Aegean Sea Turkish Coast. There is no information about radioactivity level in the study areas sediments so far. The results showed that the concentrations of activity in the sediment samples are 9 ± 0.6 Bq kg(-1)-12 ± 0.7 Bq kg(-1), 7 ± 0.4 Bq kg(-1)-16 ± 1.0 Bq kg(-1), 6 ± 0.3 Bq kg(-1)-16 ± 1.0 Bq kg(-1) and 250 ± 13 Bq kg(-1)-665 ± 33 Bq kg(-1) for (226)Ra, (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K, respectively. In general, the distribution of activity concentrations along the coast of the Aegean Sea area were in the same order as international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aközcan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey.
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Tufan MÇ, Bostancı S. Radioactivity concentrations in soil and dose assessment for Samsun city centre, Turkey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 151:532-536. [PMID: 22456989 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, natural gamma radioactivity levels were determined in the soil samples of the Samsun city centre by using the gamma ray spectrometry method. The analysis carried out with the high-purity germanium gamma spectrometry system has shown that average activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs were 19±2, 22±4, 521±23 and 15±1 Bq kg(-1), respectively. From the gamma analysis of soil samples, the average value of the absorbed gamma dose rates in air and the average value of the external annual effective dose rates were calculated as 45±4 nGy h(-1) and 55±5 µSv y(-1), respectively. The external hazard index has also been calculated and it has been found that the radiation hazard in Samsun is insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Çağatay Tufan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
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30
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Huy NQ, Hien PD, Luyen TV, Hoang DV, Hiep HT, Quang NH, Long NQ, Nhan DD, Binh NT, Hai PS, Ngo NT. Natural radioactivity and external dose assessment of surface soils in Vietnam. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 151:522-531. [PMID: 22434923 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, natural radioactivity in surface soils of Vietnam and external dose assessment to human population, deduced from activities of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K nuclides, were determined. From 528 soil samples collected in 63 provinces of Vietnam, including five centrally governed cities, the average activities were obtained and equal to 42.77 ± 18.15 Bq kg(-1) for (226)Ra, 59.84 ± 19.81 Bq kg(-1) for (232)Th and 411.93 ± 230.69 Bq kg(-1) for (40)K. The outdoor absorbed dose rates (OADRs) in air at 1 m above the ground level for 63 provinces were calculated, and their average value was 71.72 ± 24.72 nGy h(-1), with a range from 17.45 to 149.40 nGy h(-1). The population-weighted OADR of Vietnam was 66.70 nGy h(-1), which lies in the range of 18-93 nGy h(-1) found in the World. From the OADRs obtained, it was estimated that the outdoor annual effective dose and indoor annual effective dose to the population were 0.082 and 0.458 mSv, which are higher than the corresponding values 0.07 and 0.41 mSv, respectively, of the World. The radium equivalent activity Ra(eq) and the external hazard index H(ex) of surface soils of Vietnam are lower than the corresponding permissible limits of 370 Bq kg(-1) and 1, respectively. Therefore, soil from Vietnam is safe for the human population when it is used as a building material.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Q Huy
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Dołhańczuk-Śródka A. Estimation of external gamma radiation dose in the area of Bory Stobrawskie forests (PL). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:5773-5779. [PMID: 21972034 PMCID: PMC3412953 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed the radiological risks associated with the presence of natural and artificial radionuclides in the Bory Stobrawskie forests (PL). Using the conversion factors given by UNSCEAR and the measurements results of (232)Th series, (238)U series, (40)K, and (137)Cs specific activities in the 10-cm soil layer the values of absorbed dose (D) and the annual effective dose equivalent derived from terrestrial gamma radiation (E) were calculated. The calculated dose was compared with doses directly measured on the area studied.
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32
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Babai KS, Poongothai S, Punniyakotti J. Determination of environmental radioactivity (238U, 232Th and 40K) and indoor natural background radiation level in Chennai city (Tamilnadu State), India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 153:457-466. [PMID: 22847868 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An extensive study on the determination of the natural radioactivity ((238)U, (232)Th and (40)K) levels in soil samples of Chennai city, India has been undertaken and the results of the same are compared with the levels reported in other Indian cities as well as other parts of the world. The radioactivity content in the soil samples, the absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity, internal and external hazard indices were calculated and compared with UNSCEAR 2000 recommended values. In addition to the above, mapping of indoor natural background gamma radiation levels has been made using thermo luminescent dosemeters throughout Chennai city and the same are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Babai
- Secretary, Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College, Chennai, India.
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Kapdan E, Taskin H, Kam E, Osmanlioglu AE, Karahan G, Bozkurt A. A study of environmental radioactivity measurements for Cankiri, Turkey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 150:398-404. [PMID: 22069234 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to assess the level of background radiation for the Cankiri province of Turkey. Indoor air radon concentrations were determined using Columbia Resin-39 nuclear track detectors and the average (222)Rn activity was found to be 44 Bq m(-3) (equivalent to an annual effective dose of 1.1 mSv). Measurements of gamma doses in outdoor air were performed using a portable plastic scintillation detector and the average gamma absorbed dose rate was found to be 8 μR h(-1) (corresponding to an annual effective dose of 87.7 μSv). Radionuclide activity concentrations in soil samples were measured through gamma-ray spectrometry and the average activities were determined as 17.7, 22.3, 357 and 4.1 Bq kg(-1) for the radionuclides (238)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs, respectively. The average annual effective dose from the natural radioactivity sources ((238)U series, (232)Th series and (40)K) was calculated to be 44.4 μSv. Radioactivity levels of drinking water samples were carried out using a low-background proportional counter and the average gross alpha and beta activities were obtained as 0.25 and 0.26 Bq l(-1), respectively (equivalent to an annual effective dose of 184 μSv). The average radon concentrations in indoor air and the average radionuclide activities in soil were found to be lower than most Turkish cities while higher levels of outdoor gamma dose rate and water radioactivity were observed. The results of this study showed that the region's background radioactivity level differs considerably from the reported data for Turkish cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Kapdan
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Centre, Altinsehir Yolu, 5. km, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
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34
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Suresh G, Ramasamy V, Meenakshisundaram V. Effect of lower grain sized particles on natural radiation level of the Ponnaiyar river sediments. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:556-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Suresh
- Department of Physics, Arulmigu Meenakshi Amman College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India.
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35
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Kapdan E, Varinlioglu A, Karahan G. Outdoor radioactivity and health risks in Balikesir, northwestern Turkey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 148:301-309. [PMID: 21441564 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
External irradiation from radionuclides naturally present in the environment or released from man-made practices or events is usually an important component of the exposure of human populations. These exposures derive primarily from gamma radiation arising from the decay of these radionuclides at locations outside the human body. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the radioactivity levels and health risks due to terrestrial radionuclides in the soil of Balikesir, one of the largest cities of the country, northwestern Turkey. For this purpose, activity concentrations of radionuclides in soil and outdoor gamma dose rates (terrestrial and cosmic) have been investigated in the city of Balikesir. In addition, maps for the radionuclide activity concentrations of soil and the outdoor gamma dose rate distributions have been plotted for the region. The average activities of radionuclides, (238)U, (232)Th, (40)K, (235)U and (137)Cs in the soil were determined to be 37.6 ± 10.8, 54.7 ± 15.1, 674.5 ± 203.2, 3.6 ± 1.6, 3.4 ± 2.2 Bq kg(-1), respectively, in the region. The average outdoor gamma dose rates due to terrestrial and cosmic radiations were found to be 78.5 ± 12.4 and 48.9 ± 5.8 nGy h(-1) with the total of 127.4 ± 18.9 nGy h(-1) in the region. Annual effective dose due to environmental outdoor gamma radiation exposures was determined to be 156.3 nSv. The mean estimated cancer risk values were found to be 0.063 × 10(-2) for the region using risk factors of ICRP 103. The results of the study were discussed with the studies done in other cities of Turkey and the worldwide averages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kapdan
- Cekmece Nuclear Researches and Training Center, Altinsehir Yolu, 5 km, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Yalcin P, Taskin H, Kam E, Taskin H, Terzi M, Varinlioglu A, Bozkurt A, Bastug A, Tasdelen B. Investigation of radioactivity level in soil and drinking water samples collected from the city of Erzincan, Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Otansev P, Karahan G, Kam E, Barut I, Taskin H. Assessment of natural radioactivity concentrations and gamma dose rate levels in Kayseri, Turkey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 148:227-236. [PMID: 21406430 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the level of background radiation for Kayseri province of Turkey. Natural radionuclide activity concentrations in soil samples were determined using high-resolution gamma spectroscopy. Outdoor gamma dose measurements in air at 1 m above ground level were determined using a portable gamma scintillation detector. The obtained results of uranium and thorium series as well as potassium ((40)K) are discussed. The present data were compared with the data obtained from different areas in Turkey. From the measured gamma-ray spectra, the average activity concentrations were determined for (238)U (range from 3.91 to 794.25 Bq kg(-1)), (232)Th (range from 0.68 to 245.55 Bq kg(-1)) and (40)K (range from 23.68 to 2718.71 Bq kg(-1)). The average activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K were found to be 35.51, 37.27 and 429.66 Bq kg(-1), respectively, and 11.53 Bq kg(-1) for the fission product (137)Cs. The highest values of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K concentrations (794.25 Bq kg(-1), 245.55 Bq kg(-1), 2718.71 Bq kg(-1), respectively) were observed in abnormal samples at Hayriye village. The average outdoor gamma dose rate in air at 1 m above the ground was determined as 114.43 nGy h(-1). Using the data obtained in this study, the average annual effective dose for a person living in Kayseri was found to be about 140.34 µSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Otansev
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34459 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lu X, Li X, Yun P, Luo D, Wang L, Ren C, Chen C. Measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of associated radiation hazards in soil around Baoji second coal-fired thermal power plant, China. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 148:219-226. [PMID: 21324958 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in soil around Baoji Second coal-fired thermal power plant of China were determined using gamma ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in soil were found to be 40.3 ± 3.5, 59.6 ± 3.1 and 751.2 ± 12.4 Bq kg(-1), respectively, which are all higher than the corresponding average values in Shaanxi, Chinese and world soil. The radium equivalent activity (Ra(eq)), the air absorbed dose rate (D), the annual effective dose (E), the external hazard index (H(ex)) and internal hazard index (H(in)) were evaluated and compared with the internationally reported or reference values. All the soil samples have Ra(eq) lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg(-1) and H(ex) and H(in) less than unity. The overall mean outdoor terrestrial gamma air absorbed dose rate is ∼86.6 ± 3.4 nGy h(-1) and the corresponding outdoor annual effective dose is 0.106 ± 0.004 mSv, which is higher than the worldwide average (0.07 mSv y(-1)) for outdoor's annual effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lu
- School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's of Republic of China.
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Turhan S, Arıkan IH, Oğuz F, Özdemir T, Yücel B, Varinlioğlu A, Köse A. Car-borne survey of natural background gamma dose rate in Çanakkale region, Turkey. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2012; 148:45-50. [PMID: 21362693 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural background gamma radiation was measured along roads in the environs of Çanakkale region by using a car-borne spectrometer system with a plastic gamma radiation detector. In addition, activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in soil samples from the Çanakkale region were determined by using a gamma spectrometer with an HPGe detector. A total of 92,856 data of the background gamma dose rate were collected for the Çanakkale region. The background gamma dose rate of the Çanakkale region was mapped using ArcGIS software, applying the geostatistical inverse distance-weighted method. The average and population-weighted average of the gamma dose are 55.4 and 40.6 nGy h⁻¹, respectively. The corresponding average annual effective dose to the public ranged from 26.6 to 96.8 µSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Turhan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Letters, University of Nevsehir, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey.
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Reassessment and comparison of natural radioactivity levels in relation to granulometric contents of recently excavated major river sediments. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Suresh G, Ramasamy V, Meenakshisundaram V, Venkatachalapathy R, Ponnusamy V. Influence of mineralogical and heavy metal composition on natural radionuclide concentrations in the river sediments. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1466-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Radon level and indoor gamma doses in dwellings of Trabzon, Turkey. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1554-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kurnaz A, Kucukomeroglu B, Damla N, Cevik U. Radiological maps for Trabzon, Turkey. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2011; 102:393-399. [PMID: 21382657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations and absorbed gamma dose rates due to primordial radionuclides and (137)Cs have been ascertained in 222 soil samples in 18 counties of the Trabzon province of Turkey using a HPGe detector. The mean activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs in soil samples were 41, 35, 437 and 21 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Based on the measured concentrations of these radionuclides, the mean absorbed gamma dose in air was calculated as 59 nGy h(-1) and hence, the mean annual effective dose due to terrestrial gamma radiation was calculated as 72 μSv y(-1). In addition, outdoor in situ gamma dose rate (D) measurements were performed in the same 222 locations using a portable NaI detector and the annual effective dose was calculated to be 66 μSv y(-1) from these results. The results presented in this study are compared with other parts of Turkey. Radiological maps of the Trabzon province were composed using the results obtained from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kurnaz
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Physics, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
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Suresh G, Ramasamy V, Meenakshisundaram V, Venkatachalapathy R, Ponnusamy V. A relationship between the natural radioactivity and mineralogical composition of the Ponnaiyar river sediments, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2011; 102:370-377. [PMID: 21376435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The natural radiation level has been determined for the sediment samples of Ponnaiyar River, India with an aim of evaluating the radiation hazard. The average activity concentrations are within the world and Indian average values although some extreme values have been determined. The magnetic susceptibility measurement has been carried out to know the magnetization nature of the sediments. More downstream (mouth) of the river has quite higher magnetic susceptibility values. The mineralogical characterizations of the sediments have been carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and XRD technique. The minerals such as quartz, microcline feldspar, orthoclase feldspar, kaolinite, calcite, gibbsite, montmorillonite, smectite, palygorskite and organic carbon are identified from FTIR analysis. Few minerals like zircon, monazite and hornblende are identified only in XRD analysis. The relative distribution of major minerals is determined by calculating extinction coefficient. The calculated values show that the amount of quartz is greater than microcline feldspar and very much greater than kaolinite in all the sites. The content of quartz and microcline feldspar is decreases, and kaolinite gradually increases towards the river mouth. Multivariate Statistical analyses were carried out between the parameters obtained from radioactivity analysis and other analyses to know the existing relations. Obtained results are discussed and suggested that the natural radioactivity level of the present sediments is mainly controlled by clay content and lesser extent to magnetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Suresh
- Department of Physics, Thiruvalluvar College of Engg. and Tech., Vandavasi 604 505, India.
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Terrestrial gamma exposure in the granodiorite area of Bergama (Pergamon)–Kozak, Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ramasamy V, Suresh G, Ponnusamy V, Meenakshisundaram V. Investigation on natural radiation level and its hazardous nature of river sediments using γ-ray spectroscopy. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362211010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Maharana M, Krishnan N, Sengupta D. Spatial distribution of gamma radiation levels in surface soils from Jaduguda uranium mineralization zone, Jharkhand, India, using γ-ray spectrometry, and determination of outdoor dose to the population. J Med Phys 2010; 35:235-41. [PMID: 21170189 PMCID: PMC2990119 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.71762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of natural radionuclides in surface soil samples around selected villages of Jaduguda were investigated and compared with the radioactivity level in the region. Concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K were determined by a gamma ray spectrometer using the HPGe detector with 50% relative efficiency, and the radiation dose to the local population was estimated. The average estimated activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the surface soil were 53.8, 44.2 and 464.2 Bq kg−1 respectively. The average absorbed dose rate in the study area was estimated to be 72.5 nGy h-1, where as the annual effective dose to the population was 0.09 mSv y-1. A correlation analysis was made between measured dose rate and individual radionuclides, in order to delineate the contribution of the respective nuclides towards dose rate. The radio-elemental concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium estimated for the soils, in the study area, indicated the enrichment of uranium series nuclide. The results of the present study were subsequently compared with international and national recommended values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakini Maharana
- Department of Geology & Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Abbaspour M, Moattar F, Okhovatian A, Kharrat Sadeghi M. Relationship of soil terrestrial radionuclide concentrations and the excess of lifetime cancer risk in western Mazandaran Province, Iran. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2010; 142:265-272. [PMID: 20693185 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to lay out the map of the soil radionuclide activity concentrations and the terrestrial outdoor gamma dose rates in the western Mazandaran Province of Iran, and to present an evaluation scheme. Mazandaran Province was selected due to its special geographical characteristics, high population density and the long terrestrial and aquatic borders with the neighbouring countries possessing nuclear facilities. A total of 54 topsoil samples were collected, ranging from the Nour to Ramsar regions, and were based on geological conditions, vegetation coverage and the sampling standards outlined by the International Atomic Energy Agency. The excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCRs) were evaluated and the coordinates of sampling locations were determined by the global positioning system. The average terrestrial outdoor gamma dose rate was 612.38 ± 3707.93 nGy h(-1), at 1 m above the ground. The annual effective gamma dose at the western part of Mazandaran Province was 750 μSv, and the ELCR was 0.26 × 10(-2). Soil samples were analysed by gamma spectrometry with a high-purity germanium detector. The average (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs activities were 1188.50 ± 7838.40, 64.92 ± 162.26, 545.10 ± 139.42 and 10.41 ± 7.86 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The average soil radionuclide concentrations at the western part of Mazandaran Province were higher than the worldwide range. The excess lifetime risks of cancer and the annual effective gamma doses were also higher than the global average.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abbaspour
- Graduate School of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Sowmya M, Senthilkumar B, Seshan BRR, Hariharan G, Purvaja R, Ramkumar S, Ramesh R. Natural radioactivity and associated dose rates in soil samples from Kalpakkam, South India. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2010; 141:239-247. [PMID: 20522563 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of naturally occurring radioactive elements such as 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were measured for 46 soil samples collected in the vicinity of the Madras atomic power station, Kalpakkam, South India using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The average activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples were found to be 22.6 ± 12.6, 92.8 ± 44.3 and 434.1 ± 131.1 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The activity concentration of natural radionuclides is higher than the world average except for (226)Ra. The external absorbed gamma dose rates due to 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are observed to be 74.6 ± 30.8 nGy h(-1) with a corresponding annual effective dose of 91.5 ± 37.8 µSv y(-1), which are also above the world average. The values of radium equivalent activity and external hazard index are less than the world average. Whereas, the values of the radioactivity level index (I(γ)) and the total gamma dose rate were found to be above the required criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sowmya
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University Chennai, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
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