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Diovu EO, Ayoka TO, Onah CM, Okorie NH, Nnadi CO. Biochemical and histological insights of 1,4-polyisoprene isolated from Sphenocentrum jollyanum pierre (menispermaceae) stem in wound healing activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116248. [PMID: 36791929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sphenocentrum jollyanum whole stem extract is used traditionally in combination with its leaves to treat chronic wounds and also ameliorate conditions that exacerbate wounds such as diabetes mellitus. AIM OF THE STUDY The study isolated the major wound healing bioactive compound from the non-polar fraction of S. jollyanum extract and evaluated the in vivo wound healing activity of a 0.10% w/w 1,4-polyisoprene-based ointment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major bioactive constituent of S. jollyanum was isolated using a wound healing activity-guided approach and characterized the compound using 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The wound healing activity study adopted both excision (wound contraction) and incision (biochemical) models. RESULTS In the excision model, the 1,4-polyisoprene caused 99% wound closure and restored the excised wound on day 12. On the 6th and 12th post-wounding days, 1,4-polyisoprene caused a significant (p < 0.001) elevation in the tensile strength (486 g) of the incision wound compared with the control (388 g). The biochemical (hexosamine and hydroxyproline) and antioxidant/inflammatory (ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) parameters increased significantly while malondialdehyde was down-regulated in the wounds treated with 1,4-polyisoprene compared with control. The histological analysis of tissue sections taken from the edge and center of the wounds at 0-12 days post wounding revealed an increased tissue regeneration, accelerated collagen formation, and epidermal regeneration without edema or inflammation on the 12th day. CONCLUSION The major wound healing constituent of S. jollyanum is 1,4-polyisoprene and the study has provided a new class of compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith O Diovu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Thecla O Ayoka
- Department of Science Laboratory and Technology (Biochemistry Unit), Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Chinwe M Onah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Ndidiamaka H Okorie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Charles O Nnadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Adeleke O, Oboh G, Adefegha S, Osesusi A. Effect of aqueous extract from root and leaf of Sphenocentrum jollyanum pierre on wounds of diabetic rats: Influence on wound tissue cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor and microbes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115266. [PMID: 35398496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sphenocentrum jollyanum is a flowering plant of the Menispermaceae family with bright yellow roots and wedged-shaped leaves. The plant is reputed to possess exceptional wound healing properties and used in folkloric medicine to dress chronic wounds. AIM OF THE STUDY Wound repair in a hyperglycemic state is known to be impaired and delayed making treatment a difficult challenge. This study sought how the aqueous extracts of root and leaf of Sphenocentrum jollyanum facilitated wound healing by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor and microbial colonization on excision wound created in diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes (blood glucose >250 mg/dl) was induced by feeding normal rats with high fat diet for 14 days after which intraperitoneal injection of low dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg b.w.) was administered. Wounds were subsequently created and treatments administered afterwards for 14 days. RESULTS Administration of Sphenocentrum jollyanum root and leaf extracts both orally and topically (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), number of microbial colonies (CFU/ml × 102), activity of myeloperoxidase and significantly increased growth factor secretion on wounds of the diabetic rats. Histological evaluations of wound tissues of treated diabetic rats revealed matured tissue granulation, presence of new blood vessels, collagen and fibroblast with fewer inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION The use of Sphenocentrum jollyanum effectively enhanced wound healing which may be related to constituents identified by GC-MS analysis and can thus, be suggested as a therapeutic agent for diabetic wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwakemi Adeleke
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory. Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory. Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Adefegha
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory. Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo Osesusi
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
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Akindele AJ, Sowemimo A, Agunbiade FO, Sofidiya MO, Awodele O, Ade-Ademilua O, Orabueze I, Ishola IO, Ayolabi CI, Salu OB, Akinleye MO, Oreagba IA. Bioprospecting for Anti-COVID-19 Interventions From African Medicinal Plants: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221096968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emanated from Wuhan in China in 2019 has become a global concern. The current situation warrants ethnomedicinal drug discovery and development for delivery of phytomedicines with potential for the treatment of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed evaluation of available information on plant species used in African traditional medicines with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and COVID-19 symptoms relieving effects. Literature from scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar, African Journals OnLine (AJOL), Science Direct, and Web of Science were used for this review. A total of 35 of the 38 reviewed plants demonstrated a wide range of antiviral activities. Bryophyllum pinnatum, Aframomum melegueta, Garcinia kola, Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Adansonia digitata, Sutherlandia frutescens, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Moringa oleifera, and Nigella sativa possess a combination of antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and COVID-19 symptoms relieving activities. Nine, 13, and 10 of the plants representing 23.7%, 34.2%, and 26.3% of the plants studied had antiviral activity with 3 other activities, antiviral activity with 2 other activities, and antiviral with one pharmacological activity alone, respectively. The plants studied were reported to be relatively safe at the subchronic toxicity level, except for 2. The study provides baseline information on the pharmacological activities, toxicity, and chemical components of 9 African medicinal plants with antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and symptoms relieving activities, thereby making the plants candidates for further investigation for effectiveness against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abidemi J. Akindele
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola Sowemimo
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Foluso O. Agunbiade
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Margaret O. Sofidiya
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunsho Awodele
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Omobolanle Ade-Ademilua
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Orabueze
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ismail O. Ishola
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Christianah I. Ayolabi
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa B. Salu
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Moshood O. Akinleye
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim A. Oreagba
- African Center of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science (ACEDHARS), University of Lagos (UNILAG), Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Adepiti AO, Reuben TT, Odeyinka ID, Akinwunmi KF. Assessment of the activities of Chasmanthera dependens Hochst. combined with other plants on chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Summary
A global society, including developed countries, continues to struggle with fatal diseases that are difficult to treat with Western medicine. A variety of infectious diseases have existed for ages, but in Africa they had been limited thanks to the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) prior to the introduction of cosmopolitan medicine. Influenza virus repression has been demonstrated by a number of herbal antivirals, yet the invaluable therapeutic potential of herbal medicine has been underestimated. Despite various reliable methods offered by Western medicine, the globally destructive COVID-19 pandemic requires a successful fight. The wisdom of African IKS used in tackling epidemics that have broken out in the past is brought to mind again. Pneumonia – a COVID-19 symptom, could be treated with polyherbal fomentation. Selected plants cultivated across Nigeria for hydrotherapy are under consideration to be used in proper doses. Given the potential associated with IKS, a multi-disciplinary approach involving experts in phytomedicine, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, plant physiology and ecology is necessary to unlock the therapeutic potential of traditional medicine.
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Akinwumi IA, Sonibare MA, Yeye EO, Khan M. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of anti-ulcer ecdysteroids from the seeds of Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre (Menispermaceae). Steroids 2020; 159:108636. [PMID: 32165210 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphenocentrum jollyanum seeds (MeOH extract and n butanol fraction) exhibited urease inhibitory activity (IC50 40.0 ± 0.92, 28.6 ± 0.41). The Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction gave significant antacid activity with an increase in the baseline pH value of 1.2 to 1.61 ± 0.00 and 1.53 ± 0.00 at 50 and 100 mg, respectively, compared to the antacid activity of sodium bicarbonate (1.53 ± 0.00, 1.47 ± 0.00). Five known ecdysteroid compounds isolated from S. jollyanum ethyl acetate and n butanol fractions are Pinnatasterone (1), Polypodine B (2), 20-hydroxyecdysone (3), 20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone, (4) and Atrotosterone A (5). The compounds' structures were determined using extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and the molecular mass for each of the compounds was confirmed by FAB-MS. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated for their urease inhibitory and antacid activities. Fractions were active in comparison with the standard drug acetohydroxamic acid, and sodium bicarbonate, respectively. Compounds 2, 3 and 1 showed significant urease inhibitory activity (IC50 7.0 ± 0.56, 13.8 ± 0.49 and 14.1 ± 0.59), respectively. The activity of compounds 4 and 5 were moderate compared to that of acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 value 20.3 ± 0.43). Very few compounds have been isolated from this plant despite the numerous biological activities reported for it. The antacid and urease inhibitory activities of this plant and isolated compounds are described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idayat A Akinwumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Mubo A Sonibare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Emmanuel O Yeye
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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7
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Ajayi TO, Srivedavyasasri R, Nyong EE, Odeniyi MA, Moody JO, Ross SA. Two new phytoecdysteroids from Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre root. Steroids 2019; 150:108456. [PMID: 31326452 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The crude methanol extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum root exhibited 98% and 80% antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus fumigatus Pinh and Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) at a concentration of 200 µg/mL, with IC50 11.45 and 12.95 µg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract showed in-vitro antimicrobial activity against A. fumigatus Pinh at 83% with IC50 of <8 µg/mL. The phytochemical investigation of ethyl acetate fraction yielded six compounds, which were identified by their NMR, IR and MS spectral analyses as two new phytoecdysteroidal glycosides Sphenocentroside A (1), and Sphenocentroside B (2), and four known phytoecdysteroids: polypodoaurein (3), polypodine B (4), ecdysterone (5), and 20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitayo O Ajayi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel E Nyong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Micheal A Odeniyi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jones O Moody
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Samir A Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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8
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Asante DB, Henneh IT, Acheampong DO, Kyei F, Adokoh CK, Ofori EG, Domey NK, Adakudugu E, Tangella LP, Ameyaw EO. Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activity of young and old leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1187-1203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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9
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Pelot KA, Hagelthorn DM, Hong YJ, Tantillo DJ, Zerbe P. Diterpene Synthase‐Catalyzed Biosynthesis of Distinct Clerodane Stereoisomers. Chembiochem 2018; 20:111-117. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Pelot
- Department of Plant Biology University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - David M. Hagelthorn
- Department of Plant Biology University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Young J. Hong
- Department of Chemistry University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Chemical Constituents from the Stems of Tinospora sinensis and Their Bioactivity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102541. [PMID: 30301176 PMCID: PMC6222598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-seven compounds were purified from the stems of Tinospora sinensis, including three new compounds characterized as a lignan (1), a pyrrole alkaloid (11), and a benzenoid (17), respectively. Their structures were elucidated and established by various spectroscopic and spectrometric analytical methods. Among the isolates, fifteen compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory potential in vitro. The results showed that several compounds displayed moderate inhibition of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release.
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12
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Singh NK, Garabadu D, Sharma P, Shrivastava SK, Mishra P. Anti-allergy and anti-tussive activity of Clitoria ternatea L. in experimental animals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:15-26. [PMID: 29787795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clitoria ternatea flower is traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory disorders including bronchitis and is one of the ingredients in different Ayurvedic preparations that are used in respiratory disorders. However, till date there is no scientific report on the anti-asthmatic activity of this flower. AIM OF THE STUDY Ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea flowers (ECT) was evaluated for its anti-allergy and anti-tussive potential in experimental animals. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory potential of ECT was carried out to draw a plausible mechanism of action of the drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro anti-asthmatic activity of ECT was evaluated in goat tracheal chain and isolated guinea pig ileum preparations. Acute and chronic anti-asthmatic activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was estimated in histamine aerosol exposed guinea pigs and in OVA sensitized and challenged mice respectively. Anti-tussive activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was evaluated against sulfur dioxide- and citric acid-induced cough in experimental animals. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was evaluated against carrageenan- and acetic acid-induced inflammation in rats. RESULTS ECT attenuated histamine-induced contraction in both goat tracheal chain and isolated guinea pig ileum preparations. ECT (400 mg/kg) attenuated histamine-induced dyspnoea and OVA-induced changes in differential cell count in broncheoalveolar fluid, levels of interleukins (IL-1beta and IL-6) and immunoglobulin (OVA-sensitive IgG1) in animals. ECT (400 mg/kg) further ameliorated sulfur dioxide- and citric acid-induced cough in experimental animals. Additionally, ECT (400 mg/kg) attenuated inflammation in carrageenan and acetic acid challenged rodents. CONCLUSIONS Standardized ECT could be considered as a potential therapeutic alternative in the management of allergy-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapriya Garabadu
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rajdev K, Jain S, C H M, Bhattacharaya SK. Antinociceptive Effect of Ficus bengalensis Bark Extract in Experimental Models of Pain. Cureus 2018; 10:e2259. [PMID: 29725562 PMCID: PMC5931416 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to study the effect of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Ficus bengalensis (F. bengalensis) Linn on animal models of pain. The study consisted of five groups of Swiss albino mice with eight mice in each group. The first group served as the control group and received only normal saline. The second, third, and fourth groups received the aqueous extract of F. bengalensis per orally (p.o.) in doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg respectively. The last group received morphine intraperitoneally. The antinociceptive effect was studied using the tail-flick and formalin-induced pain tests. In the tail-flick test, a significant increase in the time elapsed till the animal flicked its tail from the source of thermal stimuli was obtained with all three tested doses of F. bengalensis extract as compared to the control group. In the early phase of the formalin test (0-5 min), a significant decrease in the duration of licking response was observed with F. bengalensis (at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg) and morphine-treated groups as compared to the control group. In the late phase (25-30 min) of the formalin test, the duration was significantly reduced with all three treated doses of F. bengalensis when compared with the control group. A similar result was obtained with the morphine-treated group. The results indicate that F. bengalensis extract possesses significant antinociceptive activity in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikeya Rajdev
- Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health
| | - Seema Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and Gtb Hospital, New Delhi, India-110095
| | - Mahendra C H
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and Gtb Hospital, New Delhi, India-110095
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Yilmaz A, Crowley RS, Sherwood AM, Prisinzano TE. Semisynthesis and Kappa-Opioid Receptor Activity of Derivatives of Columbin, a Furanolactone Diterpene. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2094-2100. [PMID: 28718638 PMCID: PMC5665014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Columbin (1) is a furanolactone diterpene isolated from the roots of Jateorhiza and Tinospora species. These species generally grow in Asia and Africa and have been used in folk medicine for their apparent analgesic and antipyretic activities. Columbin (1) is of particular interest due to its structural similarity to the known kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist salvinorin A. Given that the KOR is of interest in the study of many serious diseases, such as anxiety, depression, and drug addiction, obtaining natural or semisynthetic molecules with KOR activity recently has gained much interest. For this reason, in the present study, derivatives of 1 were designed and synthesized using known structure-activity relationships of salvinorin A at KORs. The structures of the columbin analogues prepared were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, and their KOR activity was investigated in vitro by inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. Slight improvements in KOR activity were observed in columbin derivatives over their parent compound. However, despite the structural similarities to salvinorin A, neither columbin (1) nor its derivatives were potent KOR ligands. This work represents not only the first evaluation of columbin (1) at the KOR but also one of the first works to explore synthetic strategies that are tolerated on the columbin core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rachel Saylor Crowley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Alexander M. Sherwood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Thomas E. Prisinzano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Olorunnisola OS, Fadahunsi OS, Adegbola P. A Review on Ethno-Medicinal and Pharmacological Activities of Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:medicines4030050. [PMID: 28930265 PMCID: PMC5622385 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre is a member of a diverse family of plants known as Menispermaceae. They are famous for a plethora of important biological functions. S. jollyanum is a shrub native to the tropical forest zones of West Africa and thrives in deep shade. It is widely cultivated in Cameroun, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire. S. jollyanum is employed in folk medicine as a cure for wounds, fever, coughs, high blood pressure, breast tumor, constipation, and as an aphrodisiac. Phytochemical investigations revealed that the plant is a rich source of secondary metabolites such as annin, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Pharmacological activities include anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-malarial, angiogenic, and anxiogenic. Thus, this present review summarizes the phytochemical and nutritional constituents and important biological studies on various crude extracts, fractions, and isolated principles of all morphological organs of S. jollyanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, PMB 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Olumide Samuel Fadahunsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, PMB 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Peter Adegbola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, PMB 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Onasanwo SA, Oyebanjo OT, Ajayi AM, Olubori MA. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials of Vernoniaamygdalina leaf extract via reductions of leucocyte migration and lipid peroxidation. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2017; 6:192-198. [PMID: 28512601 PMCID: PMC5429079 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20170330010610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vernonia amygdalina is well known as a medicinal plant in folk medicine as antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimalarial, laxative/purgative, and expectorant among others. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of V. amygdalina. Materials and Methods: Methanol extract of V. amygdalina leaf (MEVA) was evaluated for antinociceptive effect and possible mechanisms of action in the presence of naloxone (1 mg/kg), atropine (2 mg/kg), and prazosin (1 mg/kg) using acetic acid writhing test in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in carrageenan hind paw edema and carrageenan air pouch models. Protein concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays were carried out for its antioxidative activities in inflammation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the level of inflammation. Results: From the acetic acid writhing test results, MEVA (50,100 mg/kg) showed significant antinociceptive effect. Naloxone, atropine and prazosin did not significantly reverse the antinociceptive effect of MEVA (50 mg/kg). MEVA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) showed dose-dependent inhibition of edema (41.4, 63.0, and 68.6%) at 4 h post-carrageenan injection. In the carrageenan air pouch model, MEVA (200 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced infiltrating leukocytes, protein concentration and MDA levels, while GSH and SOD were unaffected. The histological study showed a reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in MEVA-treated groups. Conclusion: V. amygdalina showed antinociceptive activity and anti-inflammatory effect via reductions of leukocyte migration and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyetola Tolulope Oyebanjo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mujeedat Adebukola Olubori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Lawal B, Shittu OK, Oibiokpa FI, Berinyuy EB, Mohammed H. African natural products with potential antioxidants and hepatoprotectives properties: a review. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-016-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Lajili S, Deghrigue M, Bel Haj Amor H, Muller CD, Bouraoui A. In vitro immunomodulatory activity and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential with gastroprotective effect of the Mediterranean red alga Laurencia obtusa. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2486-2495. [PMID: 27096253 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1160937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Red algae have been recognized as a rich natural source of compounds possessing interesting biological and pharmacological activities. OBJECTIVE This work investigates anti-inflammatory, analgesic and gastroprotective activities of MeOH/CH2Cl2 crude extract and its fractions F1 (50% MeOH) and F2 (80% MeOH) from the whole alga plant Laurencia obtusa Hudson (Rhodomelaceae). MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vitro using cytometric bead array (CBA) technology to follow up the secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide activated THP-1 monocytic cells at doses of 10-250 μg/mL and in vivo using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in Wistar rats at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Crude extract and fractions were tested at the doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for peripheral and central analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot-plate method, respectively, in Swiss albino mice. Gastroprotective activity was evaluated using HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer test in rats at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. RESULTS Crude extract, F1 and F2 showed an interesting inhibition of TNF-α secretion with IC50 values of 25, 52 and 24 μg/mL, respectively, and a significant anti-inflammatory activity in vivo (p < 0.01), 3 h after carrageenan injection, the oedema inhibition was 55.37%, 52.18% and 62.86%, respectively, at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Furthermore, they showed a significant peripheral analgesic activity with 53.79%, 55.92% and 57.37% (p < 0.01) of writhing inhibition, respectively. However, no significant activity was found in the hot-plate test. An interesting gastroprotective effect was observed with crude extract and its fractions F1 and F2 with a gastric ulcer inhibition of 65.48%, 77.42% and 81.29%, respectively, at the dose of 50 mg/kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that L. obtusa might be used as a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with gastroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Lajili
- a Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09) , Unité de Pharmacologie Marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
- b UMR 7200 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Illkirch , France
| | - Monia Deghrigue
- a Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09) , Unité de Pharmacologie Marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Haifa Bel Haj Amor
- a Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09) , Unité de Pharmacologie Marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
| | - Christian D Muller
- b UMR 7200 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Strasbourg , Illkirch , France
| | - Abderrahman Bouraoui
- a Laboratoire de Développement Chimique, Galénique et Pharmacologique des Médicaments (LR12ES09) , Unité de Pharmacologie Marine, Faculté de pharmacie de Monastir, Université de Monastir , Monastir , Tunisia
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Li R, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Clerodane diterpenes: sources, structures, and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1166-226. [PMID: 27433555 PMCID: PMC5154363 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2015The clerodane diterpenoids are a widespread class of secondary metabolites and have been found in several hundreds of plant species from various families and in organisms from other taxonomic groups. These substances have attracted interest in recent years due to their notable biological activities, particularly insect antifeedant properties. In addition, the major active clerodanes of Salvia divinorum can be used as novel opioid receptor probes, allowing greater insight into opioid receptor-mediated phenomena, as well as opening additional areas for chemical investigation. This article provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring clerodane diterpenes discovered from 1990 until 2015, and follows up on the 1992 review by Merritt and Ley in this same journal. The distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and biological activities of clerodane diterpenes are summarized. In the cases where sufficient information is available, structure activity relationship (SAR) correlations and mode of action of active clerodanes have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mogbojuri OM, Adedapo AA, Abatan MO. Phytochemical screening, safety evaluation, anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies of the leaf extracts of Sterculia tragacantha. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 13:221-228. [PMID: 27115325 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterculia tragacantha (Sterculiaceae) is used in the treatment of boils, diarrhea, dyspepsia, fever, gonorrhea, snake bite, syphilis, and tapeworm in some West African nations. This study is to investigate its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities since the plant is being used to treat fever. METHODS Fresh leaves of the plant were collected and dried at room temperature and pulverized into powder form and 200 g of this powder was dissolved first in hexane for 72 h and the extract was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated while the substrate was further dissolved in chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol at different times and similar procedure adopted as for the hexane. The organic solvents were used based on order of increasing polarity. Graded concentrations of the solvent extracts were prepared and used for the study. Pilot toxicity test was carried out to determine safety dose using hematology and serum chemistry as indices of toxicity. Thereafter anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were conducted using standard tests such as carrageenan, histamine-induced-edema, tail flick test and acetic writhing test. Phytochemical screening of the plant was also conducted. RESULTS Phytochemical screening of the powdered material showed that alkaloid, flavonoid and reducing sugar were present while tannin, cardiac glycosides, saponins and anthraquinones were absent. Pilot toxicity test using aqueous extract at 100 mg/mL concentration showed that no mortality was recorded although the animals that received 3,000 mg/kg dose exhibited slight dullness after 48 h. No significant changes were also observed for the packed cell volume, hemoglobin, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, globulin except for the 200 and 3,000 mg/kg doses that caused significant increase in the level of total protein. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of S. tragacantha and indomethacin produced significant (p<0.05) inhibition of paw edema compared with the control using histamine and carrageenan methods of paw edema induction. There was significant (p<0.05) reduction in writhing movements at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of S. tragacantha and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) when compared to the control. This effect using tail flick test was not as effective when compared to the writhing test. CONCLUSIONS The different leaf extracts of S. tragacantha exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and they are also safe for medicinal use.
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Rong Q, Xu M, Dong Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ye G, Zhao L. In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. var. craveniana (S.Y.Hu) Lo and its main effective component, palmatine, against porcine Helicobacter pylori. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:331. [PMID: 27576439 PMCID: PMC5006617 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. var. craveniana (S.Y.Hu) Lo (TSG) is a traditional Chinese herb that has been used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection and has anti-bacterial and anti-ulcer activity. Our study investigated the bactericidal effects of TSG and its major component, palmatine, against a Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strain isolated from pig and the standard strain H. pylori SS1 in vitro and in vivo. Methods H. pylori was isolated from pig and named H. pylori SCYA201401. For in vitro experiments, the inhibitory activity of TSG and palmatine against H. pylori SCYA201401 and H. pylori SS1 were tested by use of the agar cup diffusion technique. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined from the absence of H. pylori colonies on agar plates. Time-kill curves were used to evaluate bactericidal activity; the average number of colonies was calculated at 0 to 48 h after liquid incubation, with concentrations of drugs at 0.5, 1, and 2 × MIC. For in vivo experiments, H. pylori SCYA201401-infected mice were randomly divided into TSG, palmatine, triple therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin), blank control, and model groups. The eradication ratios were determined by use of rapid urease tests and bacterial culture. Results In vitro, the MIC and MBC of TSG against H. pylori SCYA201401 and SS1 were both 6250 μg/mL, whereas palmatine against H. pylori SCYA201401 was 6.25 μg/mL and against H. pylori SS1 was 3.12 μg/mL. The time-kill curves showed a dose-dependent, progressive decline in the numbers of viable bacteria up to 40 h. In vivo, the eradication ratios in the TSG and palmatine groups of mice were 80 and 50 % compared with 70 % in the triple-therapy group. Conclusion TSG and its major component, palmatine, have bactericidal activity against H. pylori in vitro and in vivo. The possibility that TSG or palmatine can be effective in the treatment of human and animals H. pylori infection deserves investigation.
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Boakye YD, Agyare C, Abotsi WKM, Ayande PG, Ossei PPS. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. and its major constituent, geraniin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:17-27. [PMID: 27103113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. which belongs to the Family Euphorbiaceae is a shrub widely distributed in West Africa. It is used traditionally to manage wounds and wound infections, menstrual disorders, fevers, pain and inflammation. Hence to confirm its ethnobotanical uses in managing inflammation, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous leaf extract of P. muellerianus (PLE) and its major isolate, geraniin in experimentally-induced inflammation in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carrageenan induced oedema and adjuvant induced arthritis models in rats were used in this study. RESULTS In the carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, both 300mg/kg PLE-treated and 10mg/kg geraniin-treated groups significantly reduced the mean maximal swelling attained at 4h to 46.75±4.97% (p<0.01) and 61.65±6.70% (p<0.05), respectively, from the inflamed control response of 122.60±16.39%. In the adjuvant-induced chronic inflammation, both PLE-treated (100 and 300mg/kg) groups and geraniin-treated (10 and 30mg/kg) groups significantly (p<0.001) reduced the total limb swelling over 16 days in the polyarthritic phase compared to the arthritic control. These observations were supported by the radiograph records and the histological investigations of the hind limbs which showed reduced bone damage in both PLE and geraniin-treated rats. CONCLUSION The findings may confirm the ethnobotanical use of PLE in the management of inflammatory disorders or conditions and observed anti-inflammatory property of PLE may largely be due to its major constituent, geraniin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Patrick George Ayande
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Adedapo AA, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi AA. Evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytochemical and toxicological properties of the methanolic leaf extract of commercially processed Moringa oleifera in some laboratory animals. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 26:491-9. [PMID: 26020553 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. METHODS The commercially processed M. oleifera was extracted using methanol as its solvent. Phytochemical analysis as well as the anti-oxidant properties of this supplement were also investigated. Acute toxicity was carried out in fasted mice. Carrageenan and histamine tests were used to assess anti-inflammatory effects in rats, while analgesic activities were assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test in mice. In the anti-oxidant tests, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferrous reducing activity power, 2,21-azinobis-(3-ethylbenthialozine)-6-sulphonic acid and total polyphenolic (TPP) assays were deployed at concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contained flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract significantly reduced the number of writhes at 100 and 200 mg/kg but not so much at 50 mg/kg. In the formalin-induced paw lick test, the effect was similar to that of the acetic writhing test. The analgesic effects were comparable to that of indomethacin used at 10 mg/kg. In the anti-inflammatory test, the extract reduced the formation of oedema especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg. In the anti-oxidant test, the extract was found to possess a free radical-scavenging property and is concentration related. CONCLUSIONS The use of this extract for medicinal and nutritional purposes may have thus been justified; however, caution must be exercised in its use to prevent the toxic effect.
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Zhang G, Ma H, Hu S, Xu H, Yang B, Yang Q, Xue Y, Cheng L, Jiang J, Zhang J, Wang F, Zhang Y. Clerodane-type diterpenoids from tuberous roots of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Adedapo AA, Adeoye BO, Sofidiya MO, Oyagbemi AA. Antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Andrographis paniculata in some laboratory animals. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 26:327-34. [PMID: 25153591 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties of Andrographis paniculata leaf extracts in laboratory animals. METHODS The dried and powdered leaves of the plant were subjected to phytochemical and proximate analyses. Its mineral content was also determined. Acute toxicity experiments were first performed to determine a safe dose level. The plant material was extracted using water and ethanol as solvents. These extracts were then used to test for the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties of the plant. The anti-inflammatory tests included carrageenan-induced and histamine-induced paw oedema. The analgesic tests conducted were formalin paw lick test and acetic acid writhing test. The antioxidant activities of the extracts of A. paniculata were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total polyphenol (TP) and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) using ascorbic acid as standard for both DPPH and FRAP, and gallic acid as a standard for both TP and ABTS. RESULTS The acute toxicity experiment demonstrated that the plant is safe at high doses even at 1600 mg/kg. It was observed that the ethanolic extract of A. paniculata had higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract. The experiments using both extracts may suggest that the extracts of A. paniculata leaves possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties, although the ethanolic extract seemed to have higher biological properties than the aqueous extract. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study may have justified the plant's folkloric use for medicinal purpose.
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Affan Z, Ghazala HR, Hina Z. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Holoptelea intrigofolia (Roxb.) planch fruit extract on laboratory animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2015.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Adedapo AA, Ofuegbe SO. The evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of soft drink leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus (Euphorbiaceae) in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 25:47-57. [PMID: 23817600 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phyllanthus amarus has been used in traditional medicine in Nigeria to treat some disease conditions. This study evaluated the soft drink extract (SDE) of the plant for antidiabetic activities in rats. METHODS Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for this plant extract. The antidiabetic activities of the SDE of the plant were assessed using some standard tests as well as histological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using alloxan, whereas glibenclamide at 0.2 mg/kg was the reference drug used in this study. RESULTS The SDE at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight caused a significant reduction of fasting blood glucose, a significant change in the oral glucose tolerance test, a marked effect in the hypoglycemic activity test, and a pronounced reduction in the glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of diabetic rats. Histopathologically, the liver of the diabetic nontreated and glibenclamide-treated groups showed widespread vacuolar change in the hepatocytes, but there was no visible lesion seen in the kidney and pancreas of extract-treated and glibenclamide-treated groups. No lesion was also seen in the liver of the SDE-treated group. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study may have validated the traditional basis for the use of P. amarus as antidiabetic agent with the pharmacological activities attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other phenolics contained in this plant. At the doses used, SDE also appeared safer than glibenclamide even though the latter is more potent.
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Adedapo AA, Ofuegbe SO. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum (Euphorbiaceae) in some laboratory animals. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 26:89-94. [PMID: 24756057 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phyllanthus amarus has a history of use in Ayurvedic medicine for over 2000 years as well as a wide variety of traditional applications and has gained popularity in many continents as a herbal remedy; hence, it is being assessed for its safety potential and anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in some laboratory animals. METHODS Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity testing was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for the extract. The anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extract of this plant was assessed using carrageenan-induced and histamine-induced paw edema. The analgesic effect was determined using the acetic acid writhing method as well as formalin test. RESULTS The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight reduced significantly, the formation of edema induced by carrageenan and histamine. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract showed a good analgesic effect characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control. The extract caused dose-dependent decrease of licking time in rats injected with 2.5% formalin, signifying its analgesic effect. These results were also comparable to those of ibuprofen, the reference drug used in this study. CONCLUSIONS The plant extract reduced significantly the formation of edema induced by carrageenan and histamine as well as reducing the number of writhes in acetic acid-induced writhing models and dose-dependent decrease of licking time in rats injected with 2.5% formalin. The results have validated the basis for the traditional use of P. amarus as a medicinal plant.
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Adedapo AA, Aremu OJ, Oyagbemi AA. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the acetone leaf extract of vernonia amygdalina in some laboratory animals. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:591-8. [PMID: 25671194 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vernonia amygdalina is a medicinal plant of great importance that has its fresh leaves rich in vitamins and salt hence, it is valuable in human diet. The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of its acetone leaf extract were evaluated in this study to validate its folkloric use. METHODS The acetone extract is prepared by dissolving ground plant materials (200g) in 1 L of acetone for 48 h, filtered, and then dried using rotary evaporator before it is used for the pharmacological investigations. Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for use. The anti-inflammatory activities were conducted using carrageenan and histamine to induce oedema in rats while analgesic activities were embarked upon using acetic acid- induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test. The anti-oxidant activities were assessed in vitro using ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and total polyphenolics. RESULTS The results from this study showed that the 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of the acetone extract caused significant reduction in oedema induced by both carrageenan and histamine. Similar effect was observed in analgesic tests which were comparable to that of indomethacin, the reference drug used in the study. CONCLUSION The anti-oxidant effects were also good and the pharmacological activities may be due to the presence of polyphenols and other phytochemicals contained in the plant. The study may have thus validated the folkloric use of this plant as a medicinal and nutritional agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olujoke Janet Aremu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Eid AM, El-Enshasy HA, Aziz R, Elmarzugi NA. The preparation and evaluation of self-nanoemulsifying systems containing Swietenia oil and an examination of its anti-inflammatory effects. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4685-95. [PMID: 25336948 PMCID: PMC4200018 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing trend among pharmaceutical industries to use natural bioactive materials as medicinal agents and to use new technologies such as self-nanoemulsifying systems. The solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs can be enhanced by self-nanoemulsifying systems. Swietenia oil is frequently used because of its antimicrobial, antimutagenic, and anticancer bioactive medical properties. This study was conducted to develop self-nanoemulsifying systems for Swietenia oil that will enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of the oil. The self-emulsifying systems developed for Swietenia oil in this study were constructed using ternary phase diagrams and contained the nonionic surfactants Labrasol(®), Tween 20, Capmul(®), and Labrafil(®). The effect of these surfactants on the formulation was examined. The mean droplet size of Swietenia oil as well as their distribution, appearance, viscosity, and spreading times were studied to find the optimum formula, which contained droplets that were less than 200 nm. The next step was to test the anti-inflammatory properties of the optimum formula using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The results from this test were compared to the oil solution. Different oil/surfactants mixtures had various emulsification properties that were related to the size of their droplets. Tween 20 is a good surfactant to use in self-emulsifying systems because it produces droplets of nano-size. Mixtures of Capmul/Labrasol at a ratio of 2:1 and Labrafil/Tween 20 at a ratio of 1:2 were able to produce self-nanoemulsifying formulations containing Swietenia oil concentrations that ranged from 20%-50%. Nanoemulsion occurred when the size of the droplets fell below 200 nm with low size distribution (<0.3) after being gently mixed with water. It was found that the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance value affected the ternary phase diagram behavior of Swietenia oil and surfactants. In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties of Swietenia oil were greater in the self-nanoemulsifying systems than in the oil solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Eid
- Research and Innovation Department, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hesham A El-Enshasy
- Research and Innovation Department, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ramlan Aziz
- Research and Innovation Department, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nagib A Elmarzugi
- Research and Innovation Department, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University and Biotechnology Research Center, Libyan Authority for Research, Science and Technology (LARST), Tripoli, Libya
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Ullah HMA, Zaman S, Juhara F, Akter L, Tareq SM, Masum EH, Bhattacharjee R. Evaluation of antinociceptive, in-vivo & in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:346. [PMID: 25242194 PMCID: PMC4190444 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of the Curcuma zedoaria (family Zingiberaceae) ethanolic rhizome extract in laboratory using both in vitro and in vivo methods so as to justify its traditional use in the above mentioned pathological conditions. METHODS Phytochemical screening was done to find the presence of various secondary metabolites of the plant. In vivo antinociceptive activity was performed employing the hot plate method, acidic acid induced writhing test and formalin induced writhing test on Swiss albino mice at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Anti-inflammatory activity test was done on Long Evans rats at two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) by using carrageenan induced paw edema test. Finally in vitro anti-inflammatory test by protein-denaturation method was followed. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's t-test was used as the test of significance. P value <0.05 was considered as the minimum level of significance. RESULTS Phytochemical screening revealed presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, gums & carbohydrates, steroids, alkaloids, reducing sugars and terpenoids in the extract. In the hot plate method, the extract increased the reaction time of heat sensation significantly to 61.99% and 78.22% at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW respectively. In acetic acid induced writhing test, the percent inhibition of writhing response by the extract was 48.28% and 54.02% at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses respectively (p < 0.001). The extract also significantly inhibited the licking response in both the early phase (64.49%, p < 0.01) and the late phase (62.37%, p < 0.01) in formalin induced writhing test. The extract significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) inhibited carrageenan induced inflammatory response in rats in a dose related manner. In in-vitro anti-inflammatory test, the extract significantly inhibited protein denaturation of 77.15, 64.43, 53.04, 36.78 and 23.70% for doses of 500, 400, 300, 200 and 100 μg/mL respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained from the tests indicate that the plant might have one or more secondary metabolite(s) having central and peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- HM Arif Ullah
- />College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-751 Republic of Korea
| | - Sayera Zaman
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Fatematuj Juhara
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Lucky Akter
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Syed Mohammed Tareq
- />Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Emranul Haque Masum
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Bhattacharjee
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229 Bangladesh
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Ezuruike UF, Prieto JM. The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: pharmacological and toxicological considerations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:857-924. [PMID: 24929108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on the available evidence on the species׳ pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country׳s healthcare system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Nigeria. 'Diabetes' and 'Nigeria' were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then 'Plant name - accepted or synonyms', 'Constituents', 'Drug interaction' and/or 'Toxicity' for the secondary searches. RESULTS The hypoglycemic effect of over a hundred out of the 115 plants reviewed in this paper is backed by preclinical experimental evidence, either in vivo or in vitro. One-third of the plants have been studied for their mechanism of action, while isolation of the bioactive constituent(s) has been accomplished for twenty three plants. Some plants showed specific organ toxicity, mostly nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic, with direct effects on the levels of some liver function enzymes. Twenty eight plants have been identified as in vitro modulators of P-glycoprotein and/or one or more of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, while eleven plants altered the levels of phase 2 metabolic enzymes, chiefly glutathione, with the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. CONCLUSION This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants used in diabetes management so as to ensure a more rational use. By anticipating potential toxicities or possible herb-drug interactions, significant risks which would otherwise represent a burden on the country׳s healthcare system can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoamaka F Ezuruike
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
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Kumar D, Ganguly K, Hegde HV, Patil PA, Roy S, Kholkute SD. Activity of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. root and Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. bark pastes in acute and chronic paw inflammation in Wistar rat. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014; 5:33-7. [PMID: 24812473 PMCID: PMC4012359 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.128853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pastes prepared from roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. and barks of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. are widely used by traditional healers for the treatment of arthritis in rural northern Karnataka. OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the safety and efficacy of traditionally used formulations in experimental animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study, approved by IAEC was carried out in male Wistar rats and dermal toxicity in rabbits. Carrageenan model was used to assess effect on acute inflammation. Paw volume were measured at 1, 2, 4, and 6(th) hour postchallenge. Chronic inflammation was developed by using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Paw volume, ankle joint circumference, and body weight were assessed on 1(st), 4(th), 8(th), 14(th), 17(th), and 21(st) day. Paste was applied once every day to the inflamed area of the paw of respective groups of animals, continuously for 14 days. STATISTICS The data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's post hoc test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS The formulations did not show any dermal toxicity and found to be safe. Both the pastes significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed, carrageenan-induced paw edema at 6(th) hour and Holoptelea integrifolia appears to be more effective than Plumbago zeylanica. Significant reduction was observed in paw volume, ankle joint circumference and animal body weight gained. CONCLUSIONS The tested formulations (P. zeylanica root and H. integrifolia bark pastes) showed significant antiinflammatory activity. The present findings therefore support its utility in arthritic pain, inflammation and the claim of traditional practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Kumar
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Kuntal Ganguly
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Hegde
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - P A Patil
- Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnatak Lingayat Education Society, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - S D Kholkute
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Ofuegbe SO, Adedapo AA, Adeyemi AA. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the methanol leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus in some laboratory animals. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 25:175-180. [PMID: 23893681 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phyllanthus amarus is used in Nigeria and other parts of the world as a medicinal plant. The plant has a history of use in Ayurvedic medicine for over 2000 years as well as a wide variety of traditional applications. It is being evaluated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential because these phenomena have assumed a worldwide dimension as a result of their implications in a variety of diseases. METHODS The methanol extract of the leaves of P. amarus was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in Wistar strain albino rats and mice using carrageenan-induced inflammation as well as histamine-induced edema. The analgesic effect was determined using acetic acid writhing method and formalin-induced paw lick test. Standard phytochemical analysis was carried out to determine the active constituents responsible for biological effects. RESULTS The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced significantly (p<0.05) the formation of edema induced by histamine and carrageenan. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract showed good analgesic activity characterized by a significant reduction in the number of writhes with 100 and 200 mg/kg doses used when compared to the control group. In the formalin-induced paw lick test, the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses exhibited good analgesic activity characterized by a significant reduction in the number of paw licks at both the early and the late phases of the induced pain when compared with the untreated control group. Ibuprofen at 10 mg/kg served as the reference drug in all these tests. CONCLUSIONS Results suggested that methanol extract of the leaves of P. amarus has great anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential. These biological effects exhibited by the extract of this plant may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other phenols contained therein.
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Assis ÁCL, Araújo IGA, Lima RPC, Almeida MM, Marinho AF, Barbosa-Filho JM, Cruz JS, Silva DF, Medeiros IA. Warifteine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, induces relaxation by activating potassium channels in vascular myocytes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 40:37-44. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata PC Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa; João Pessoa; Brazil
| | - Mônica M Almeida
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa; João Pessoa; Brazil
| | - Alexsandro F Marinho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa; João Pessoa; Brazil
| | - José M Barbosa-Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa; João Pessoa; Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte; Brazil
| | - Darizy F Silva
- Department of Bioregulation; Federal University of Bahia; Salvador; Brazil
| | - Isac A Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa; João Pessoa; Brazil
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Rajeswari J, Kesavan K, Jayakar B. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of prop roots of Pandanus fascicularis Lam. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:649-53. [PMID: 21914545 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of prop roots of Pandanus fascicularis (P. fascicularis) Lam (pandanaceae). And provide experimental evidence for its traditional use such as rheumatoid arthritis and spasmodic. METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity was observed by carrageenan-induced edema of the hind paw of rats. Analgesic activities of prop roots of P. fascicularis were determined using acetic acid induced writhing model and tail clip method in mice and rat, respectively. The ethanol fraction was then subjected to chromatographic analysis and a compound has been isolated and characterized by IR, (1)H-NMR and mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Edema suppressant effect of ethanol extract was found to be 37.03% inhibition whereas aqueous extract was found to be 63.22% inhibition after 3 h which was nearly equivalent to that of 10 mg/kg of indomethacin (67.81%). Percentage inhibition of writhing compared to control were 63.15%, 54.38%, 14.90% for aspirin, aqueous extract and ethanolic extract, respectively. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts show significant activity against appropriate controls after 60 min of treatment on tail clip method. The structure of the isolated compound is may be characterized as Hepta deca-5-ene-1-ol by analysis it's IR, (1)H-NMR and mass spectroscopy data. CONCLUSIONS The extracts of prop roots of P. fascicularis produce significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the traditional application of this herb in treating various diseases associated with inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothimani Rajeswari
- Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Srinivas Group of College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
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In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of columbin through the inhibition of cycloxygenase-2 and nitric oxide but not the suppression of NF-κB translocation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 678:61-70. [PMID: 22227329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Columbin, a diterpenoid furanolactone, was isolated purely for the first time from the plant species Tinspora bakis. The anti-inflammatory effects of columbin were studied in vitro, in silico and in vivo. The effect of columbin on nitric oxide was examined on lipopolysaccharide-interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN) induced RAW264.7 macrophages. In vitro and in silico cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activities of columbin using biochemical kit and molecular docking, respectively, were investigated. Mechanism of columbin in suppressing NF-kappaB-translocation was tested using Cellomics®NF-κB activation assay and ArrayScan Reader in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, effects of columbin in vivo that were done on carrageenan-induced mice paw-oedema were tested. Lastly, the in vitro and in vivo toxicities of columbin were examined on human liver cells and mice, respectively. Treatment with columbin or N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) inhibited LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO production without affecting the viability of RAW264.7. Pre-treatment of stimulated cells with columbin did not inhibit the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus in LPS-stimulated cells. COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities of columbin were 63.7±6.4% and 18.8±1.5% inhibition at 100μM, respectively. Molecular docking study further helped in supporting the observed COX-2 selectivity. Whereby, the interaction of columbin with Tyr385 and Arg120 signifies its higher activity in COX-2, as Tyr385 was reported to be involved in the abstraction of hydrogen from C-13 of arachidonate, and Arg120 is critical for high affinity arachidonate binding. Additionally, columbin inhibited oedema formation in mice paw. Lastly, the compound was observed to be safe in vitro and in vivo. This study presents columbin as a potential anti-inflammatory drug.
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Lovell KM, Prevatt-Smith KM, Lozama A, Prisinzano TE. Synthesis of neoclerodane diterpenes and their pharmacological effects. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 299:141-85. [PMID: 21630517 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a neoclerodane diterpene that has been shown to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Its unique structure makes it an attractive target for synthetic organic chemists due to its seven chiral centers and diterpene scaffold. This molecule is also interesting to pharmacologists because it is a non-serotonergic hallucinogen, and the first opioid ligand discovered that lacks a basic nitrogen. There have been several total synthesis approaches to salvinorin A, and these will be detailed within this chapter. Additionally, research efforts have concentrated on structure modification of the salvinorin A scaffold through semi-synthetic methods. Most modifications have focused on the manipulation of the acetate at C-2 and the furan ring. However, chemistry has also been developed to generate analogs at the C-1 ketone, the C-4 methyl ester, and the C-17 lactone. The synthetic methodologies developed for the salvinorin A scaffold will be described, as well as specific analogs with interesting biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Lovell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA
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Fun HK, Salae AW, Razak IA, Khairuddean M, Chantrapromma S. Absolute configuration of fibaruretin B. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1246-7. [PMID: 21754539 PMCID: PMC3089215 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811014887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The title furanoditerpenoid, known as fibaruretin B (systematic name: 2β,3α-dihydroxy-2,3,7,8α-tetrahydropenianthic acid lactone), C20H24O7, was isolated from the roots of Arcangelisia flava. The absolute configurations at positions 2, 3, 4, 4a, 7, 9, 10a and 10b of fibaruretin B are S, R, S, R, S, S, S and S, respectively. In the crystal structure, the molecules are linked into infinite chains along the c axis by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O interactions.
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Ashafa AOT, Yakubu MT, Grierson DS, Afolayan AJ. Evaluation of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:994-1001. [PMID: 20731550 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903373664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Felicia muricata Thunb. (Nees) (Asteraceae) leaves are used in folklore medicine of South Africa as an oral remedy for pain and inflammation. However, the efficacy of the plant part is yet to be validated with scientific experiments. OBJECTIVE The current study is an effort to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic activities of aqueous extract of F. muricata leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves and the efficacy of the extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight was investigated in experimental animals using several models of inflammation (paw edema induced by carrageenan and egg albumin), nociception (acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain and tail immersion), and fever (brewer's yeast-induced hyperthermia). RESULTS The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. The extract dose-dependently reduced (P <0.05) the number of writhes and stretches induced by acetic acid, number of licks induced by formalin, paw volumes induced by carrageenan and egg albumin. The reaction time by the tail of the extract-treated animals to the hot water also increased. The extract also reduced hyperthermia induced by brewer's yeast. The highest dose (200 mg/kg body weight of the extract) produced the best result in all cases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study revealed that the aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves possessed anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities. These findings have therefore supported the use of aqueous extract of Felicia muricata leaves in the traditional medicine of South Africa as an oral remedy for pains, inflammation, and fever.
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Berboucha M, Ayouni K, Atmani D, Atmani D, Benboubetra M. Kinetic Study on the Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase by Extracts from Two Selected Algerian Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Food 2010; 13:896-904. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Berboucha
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Karima Ayouni
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Dina Atmani
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Setif, Setif, Algeria
| | - Mustapha Benboubetra
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Setif, Setif, Algeria
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of compounds from Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:981-7. [PMID: 20661706 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Radix Tinosporae is a herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities were investigated. The ethanol extract of Radix Tinosporae exhibited significant inhibitory effects on xylene-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, the n-butanol fraction was determined as the active fraction. Further purification of the most active n-butanol fraction led to the isolation of three compounds, palmatine, columbamine and columbinyl glucoside. All three compounds showed inhibitory activities on xylene-induced ear edema, but only palmatine and columbamine exhibited significant inhibitory effects on acetic acid-induced writhing. In addition, palmatine and columbamine markedly inhibited in vitro production of nitric oxide and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells in response to lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulation. These results provide justification for the utilization of Radix Tinosporae in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Sheeja E, Joshi SB, Jain DC. Bioassay-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive compound from Plumbago zeylanica leaf. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:381-387. [PMID: 20645715 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903156424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plumbago zeylanica Linn. (Plumbaginaceae) is used in the treatment of various inflammatory ailments in traditional medicines. In order to validate these ethnobotanical practices, the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of various leaf extracts (petroleum ether (60-80 degrees ), chloroform, acetone, ethanol, and aqueous) were studied using in vivo experimental models at two dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.). Anti-inflammatory activity was tested using the carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema method while analgesic activity was studied using the hot plate and formalin induced models. Diclofenac (100 mg/ kg) was used as the reference standard in both anti-inflammatory and analgesic models and morphine (10 mg/ kg, i.p.) was used as the reference standard in the formalin induced analgesic model. The acetone extract significantly (p < 0.01) reduced inflammation in the rats when compared to the control group. As for the analgesia effect, the acetone and petroleum ether extracts significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the pain stimulus only in the later phase of the formalin test, suggesting that the drug could be peripherally acting. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the acetone extract led to the isolation and identification of plumbagin. Structure elucidation of plumbagin confirmed it as 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, a naphthaquinone derivative, through spectral techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sheeja
- Department of Herbal Drug Research, B. R. Nahata College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Iroanya O, Okpuzor J, Mbagwu H. Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Phlogistic Actions of a Polyherbal Decoction. INT J PHARMACOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.31.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Woode E, Amidu N, Owiredu W, Boakye-Gya E, Ansah C, Duwiejua M. Antidepressant-Like Effects of an Ethanolic Extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre Roots in Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2009.22.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Adedapo AA, Sofidiya MO, Masika PJ, Afolayan AJ. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the aqueous extract of Acacia karroo stem bark in experimental animals. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 103:397-400. [PMID: 18803636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of the stem bark of Acacia karroo Hayne was investigated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in animal models. The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced significantly the formation of oedema induced by carrageenan and histamine. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the extract showed a good analgesic effect characterized by a significant reduction in the number of writhes with two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) used when compared to the untreated control group. In the tail immersion test, the extract at the doses used (100 and 200 mg/kg) increased reaction time to pain after 30 min. of oral administration of the extract. Indomethacin at 10 mg/kg served as reference drug in all these tests. The results gave a scientific basis to the traditional uses of Acacia karroo mainly for wound poultices, eye treatments and cold remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu A Adedapo
- Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Jarald EE, Edwin S, Saini V, Deb L, Gupta VB, Wate SP, Busari KP. Anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic activities of Solanum khasianum Clarke. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:269-74. [PMID: 18266159 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701590590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to scientifically appraise some of the folkloric uses of Solanum khasianum Clarke (Solanaceae), the present study was undertaken to examine the anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic properties of the berries of ethanol extract. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested in carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema method at three dose level of 200, 300, and 400 mg kg(-1) respectively, Diclofenac sodium (100 mg kg(-1)) was used as the reference standard. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was compared with standard and control. The anthelmintic activity of the extract was tested on tape worm, liver fluke, thread worm, and hook worm using two different concentrations, 100 and 200 mg mL(-1) respectively. Time taken for the inhibition of motility was noted and compared with the standard drug, Piperazine citrate 15 mg mL. The plant extract significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the inflammation of the rats when compared to the control group. Also, the ethanol extract of the plant paralyzed the worms followed by death, which was comparable with that of the standard. This study supports the folk claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Edwin Jarald
- Department of Pharmacognosy, BR Nahata College Pharmacy-SIRO, Mandsaur-458001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Gbolade A, Adeyemi A. Investigation of in vitro anthelmintic activities of Pycnanthus angolensis and Sphenocentrum jollyanum. Fitoterapia 2008; 79:220-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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