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Katidi A, Vlassopoulos A, Kapsokefalou M. Development of the Hellenic Food Thesaurus (HelTH), a branded food composition database: Aims, design and preliminary findings. Food Chem 2021; 347:129010. [PMID: 33503573 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Hellenic Food Thesaurus (HelTH) is the first systematic attempt to create a Greek Branded Food Composition Database. Data on the nutritional composition of foods for up to 45 nutrients, on-pack claims (health, nutrition, social, environmental), quality indicators, and prices were recorded for more than 4,000 foods as they appear on the photographs of their packages available on retailers' websites. A group of trained researchers carried out data collection and classification using LanguaL. HelTH highlights the variability in nutritional compositions of packaged foods in Greece and the need for better labelling of key nutrients such as trans fatty acids. According to a preliminary analysis of on-pack communications (n = 2008 products), health claims are used rarely (4.1% of products analyzed) with greater prevalence of nutrition (~32%) and natural claims (~24%). HelTH is a key infrastructure for the implementation of food and nutrition policies, new product development, and nutrition and consumer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Katidi
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Vlassopoulos
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Kapsokefalou
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Begu E, Snell B, Arslan Z. Simultaneous separation of arsenic and cadmium from interfering salt matrix of multivitamin/mineral supplements by sequential coprecipitation and determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019; 145:412-418. [PMID: 31130742 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements possess highly saline matrix which, unless eliminated, precludes accurate determination of trace amounts of toxic metal impurities by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multi-step separations (up to four-steps) are described in literature; often for single element determinations due to difficulties in removing the matrix components. In this study, we developed a three-step sequential coprecipitation procedure for simultaneous separation of As and Cd impurities from MVM supplements for determination by ICP-MS. The procedure provided effective elimination of salt matrix, including Ca, Mg and KCl along with the interfering molybdenum (Mo) and tin (Sn) from MVM solutions. KCl, Mo and Sn were removed by two-step Mg(OH)2 coprecipitation to about 34 µg mL-1 K (ca. 31 µg mL-1 Cl) and 0.4 µg mL-1 Mo. Levels of Sn and Na were not significant. A third coprecipitation of the resulting MVM solution with HF + NH4OH mixture precipitated virtually all Ca and Mg to as low as 1 and 10 µg mL-1, respectively. The recoveries for As and Cd in the spiked MVM solutions were about 96% and 95%, respectively. The accuracy of the method was validated with analysis of multivitamin/multielement tablets certified reference material (SRM 3280). Experimental values were 112 ± 37 ng g-1 for 75As, and 76 ± 5, 79 ± 5, and 78 ± 7 ng g-1 for 110Cd, 111Cd and 114Cd isotopes, respectively, that were not significantly different from the certified values of As (132 ± 44 ng g-1) and Cd (80.2 ± 0.9 ng g-1) at 95% confidence level. Several commercially available MVM supplements were analyzed with the procedure. Mean As levels measured in the tablets varied between 24 and 128 ng g-1 and that for Cd were between 28 and 125 ng g-1 indicating total amount of As or Cd ingested per serving size were below the safe daily exposure limits. In addition, the results obtained for As and Cd with the procedure were lower in comparison to the values reported in literature indicating that ICP-MS analysis of complex MVM supplements could be prone to higher risks of inaccuracy without removal of interfering matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Begu
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS 39217 USA
| | - Brittney Snell
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS 39217 USA
| | - Zikri Arslan
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS 39217 USA
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3
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Bailey RL. Current regulatory guidelines and resources to support research of dietary supplements in the United States. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:298-309. [PMID: 30421981 PMCID: PMC6513729 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1524364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) established the regulatory framework for dietary supplements as foods through the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). DSHEA outlined the legal definition, labeling requirements, and process for adverse event reporting for dietary supplements. FDA also issued formal guidance on current Good Manufacturing Practice to ensure that processes for preparation, packaging, labeling, and storage of supplements and ingredients are documented and meet specifications to ensure purity, composition, and strength. However, efficacy of dietary supplements is not required under U.S. law. Despite regulations to improve the marketplace, many challenges remain; as a result, the quality and safety of products available can be highly variable, especially for botanical and herbal products. The ability of regulators to successfully carry out their mission is hampered by the sheer number of products and manufacturing facilities and a lack of analytical methods for all ingredients and products in the marketplace, this is especially difficult for herbal and botanical dietary supplements. Safety issues continue to exist such as adulteration and contamination, especially with specific product types (i.e. body building, sexual enhancement). Thus, a need remains for continued efforts and improved techniques to assess the quality of dietary supplements, especially with regard to purity, bioavailability, and safety. This review will highlight the existing American regulatory framework for dietary supplements and will describe the remaining regulatory barriers to ensuring that safe and high-quality dietary supplements are offered in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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4
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Abstract
In the past, vitamins and minerals were used to cure deficiency diseases. Supplements nowadays are used with the aim of reducing the risk of chronic diseases of which the origins are complex. Dietary supplement use has increased in the UK over recent decades, contributing to the nutrient intake in the population, but not necessarily the proportion of the population that is sub-optimally nourished; therefore, not reducing the proportion below the estimated average requirement and potentially increasing the number at risk of an intake above the safety limits. The supplement nutrient intake may be objectively monitored using circulation biomarkers. The influence of the researcher in how the supplements are grouped and how the nutrient intakes are quantified may however result in different conclusions regarding their nutrient contribution, the associations with biomarkers, in general, and dose-response associations specifically. The diet might be sufficient in micronutrients, but lacking in a balanced food intake. Since public-health nutrition guidelines are expressed in terms of foods, there is potentially a discrepancy between the nutrient-orientated supplement and the quality of the dietary pattern. To promote health, current public-health messages only advocate supplements in specific circumstances, but not in optimally nourished populations.
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Dwyer JT, Bailen RA, Saldanha LG, Gahche JJ, Costello RB, Betz JM, Davis CD, Bailey RL, Potischman N, Ershow AG, Sorkin BC, Kuszak AJ, Rios-Avila L, Chang F, Goshorn J, Andrews KW, Pehrsson PR, Gusev PA, Harnly JM, Hardy CJ, Emenaker NJ, Herrick KA. The Dietary Supplement Label Database: Recent Developments and Applications. J Nutr 2018; 148:1428S-1435S. [PMID: 31249427 PMCID: PMC6597011 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the history, key features, recent enhancements, and common applications of the Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD). Background and History Although many Americans use dietary supplements, databases of dietary supplements sold in the United States have not been widely available. The DSLD, an easily accessible public-use database was created in 2008 to provide information on dietary supplement composition for use by researchers and consumers. Rationale Accessing current information easily and quickly is crucial for documenting exposures to dietary supplements because they contain nutrients and other bioactive ingredients that may have beneficial or adverse effects on human health. This manuscript details recent developments with the DSLD to achieve this goal and provides examples of how the DSLD has been used. Recent Developments With periodic updates to track changes in product composition and capture new products entering the market, the DSLD currently contains more than 71,000 dietary supplement labels. Following usability testing with consumer and researcher user groups completed in 2016, improvements to the DSLD interface were made. As of 2017, both a desktop and mobile device version are now available. Since its inception in 2008, the use of the DSLD has included research, exposure monitoring, and other purposes by users in the public and private sectors. Future Directions Further refinement of the user interface and search features to facilitate ease of use for stakeholders is planned. Conclusions The DSLD can be used to track changes in product composition and capture new products entering the market. With over 71,000 DS labels it is a unique resource that policymakers, researchers, clinicians, and consumers may find valuable for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard A Bailen
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jaime J Gahche
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca B Costello
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joseph M Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cindy D Davis
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Regan L Bailey
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nancy Potischman
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Abby G Ershow
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Barbara C Sorkin
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Luisa Rios-Avila
- Office of Dietary Supplement, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Florence Chang
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeanne Goshorn
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karen W Andrews
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Pavel A Gusev
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - James M Harnly
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Constance J Hardy
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD
| | - Nancy J Emenaker
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys/Analysis Branch, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD
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Development of Databases on Iodine in Foods and Dietary Supplements. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010100. [PMID: 29342090 PMCID: PMC5793328 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal growth and neurodevelopment; thus, an adequate intake of iodine is particularly important for pregnant and lactating women, and throughout childhood. Low levels of iodine in the soil and groundwater are common in many parts of the world, often leading to diets that are low in iodine. Widespread salt iodization has eradicated severe iodine deficiency, but mild-to-moderate deficiency is still prevalent even in many developed countries. To understand patterns of iodine intake and to develop strategies for improving intake, it is important to characterize all sources of dietary iodine, and national databases on the iodine content of major dietary contributors (including foods, beverages, water, salts, and supplements) provide a key information resource. This paper discusses the importance of well-constructed databases on the iodine content of foods, beverages, and dietary supplements; the availability of iodine databases worldwide; and factors related to variability in iodine content that should be considered when developing such databases. We also describe current efforts in iodine database development in the United States, the use of iodine composition data to develop food fortification policies in New Zealand, and how iodine content databases might be used when considering the iodine intake and status of individuals and populations.
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Dwyer JT, Coates PM, Smith MJ. Dietary Supplements: Regulatory Challenges and Research Resources. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010041. [PMID: 29300341 PMCID: PMC5793269 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the scientific and regulatory challenges that exist in research on the safety, quality and efficacy of dietary supplements are common to all countries as the marketplace for them becomes increasingly global. This article summarizes some of the challenges in supplement science and provides a case study of research at the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, USA, along with some resources it has developed that are available to all scientists. It includes examples of some of the regulatory challenges faced and some resources for those who wish to learn more about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517, USA.
| | - Paul M Coates
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517, USA.
| | - Michael J Smith
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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Linger RS. Design and Implementation of an Elective on the Ethnopharmacology of Appalachia for the PharmD Curriculum. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2017; 81:6100. [PMID: 29367772 PMCID: PMC5774192 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To create and implement a class in ethnopharmacology that would educate student pharmacists on folk medicine, including home remedies and native plants that are used as alternative medicinal sources; active components of medicinal plants including toxicity issues and the mechanism of action of beneficial compounds, such as catechins and other flavonoids; and nutraceuticals and poisonous plants. Methods. In this three-credit hour class, herbal remedies are investigated from the standpoints of medical efficacy, potential toxicities and drug interactions with prescribed medications. Class discussions are conducted on the usefulness of remedies, the attitudes of practitioners toward traditional remedy use and the risks of relying on herbal preparations. Each student prepares a 15-minute presentation on a disease state, which covers modern pharmaceuticals and herbal or folk remedy alternatives used in that disease. Special emphasis is given to drug-herb interactions. Results. The class has gained popularity among students and consistently fills within the first hour of computerized registration. Students agree that being educated in the benefits and potential toxicities of herbal products will better prepare them to counsel their patients who use these remedies. The elective has been offered 10 times since 2007. Anecdotal comments from our alumni indicate that they have found the information to be very useful in their practice environments. Conclusion. Providing our students with a greater understanding of herbal remedies is essential to prepare them for practice. By including both the uses and potential toxicities, the student pharmacist is able to counsel her patients from a standpoint of expertise on these self-administered remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Linger
- University of Charleston School of Pharmacy, Charleston, West Virginia
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9
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Dwyer JT. The Best of Times. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 37:33-49. [PMID: 28574804 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
I came of age as a nutrition scientist during the best of times-years that spanned a rapidly changing world of food and nutrition science, politics, and policy that greatly broadened the specialty and its influence on public affairs. I followed the conventional route in academe, working my way up the academic ladder in Boston from a base first in a school of public health and later in a teaching hospital and medical school, interspersed with stints in Washington, DC. Thus I tell a tale of two cities. Those were the best of times because nutrition science and policy converged and led to important policies and programs that shaped the field for the next 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; .,Schools of Medicine, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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10
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Williamson K, Hatzakis E. NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28518102 DOI: 10.3791/55547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The western diet is poor in n-3 fatty acids, therefore the consumption of fish oil supplements is recommended to increase the intake of these essential nutrients. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of encapsulated fish oil supplements using high-resolution 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy utilizing two different NMR instruments; a 500 MHz and an 850 MHz instrument. Both proton (1H) and carbon (13C) NMR spectra can be used for the quantitative determination of the major constituents of fish oil supplements. Quantification of the lipids in fish oil supplements is achieved through integration of the appropriate NMR signals in the relevant 1D spectra. Results obtained by 1H and 13C NMR are in good agreement with each other, despite the difference in resolution and sensitivity between the two nuclei and the two instruments. 1H NMR offers a more rapid analysis compared to 13C NMR, as the spectrum can be recorded in less than 1 min, in contrast to 13C NMR analysis, which lasts from 10 min to one hour. The 13C NMR spectrum, however, is much more informative. It can provide quantitative data for a greater number of individual fatty acids and can be used for determining the positional distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone. Both nuclei can provide quantitative information in just one experiment without the need of purification or separation steps. The strength of the magnetic field mostly affects the 1H NMR spectra due to its lower resolution with respect to 13C NMR, however, even lower cost NMR instruments can be efficiently applied as a standard method by the food industry and quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University; Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University;
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Verkaik-Kloosterman J, Seves SM, Ocké MC. Vitamin D concentrations in fortified foods and dietary supplements intended for infants: Implications for vitamin D intake. Food Chem 2016; 221:629-635. [PMID: 27979251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to potential overages to cover losses during shelf life, the actual vitamin D concentration of fortified foods and dietary supplements may deviate from the label. In this pilot study the vitamin D concentrations of fortified foods (n=29; follow-on formula, baby porridge, curd cheese dessert) and dietary supplements (n=15), both specifically intended for infants, were analytically determined. Compared to the declared values, the vitamin D content ranged from 50% to 153% for fortified foods and from 8% to 177% for supplements. In general, both instant follow-on formula and oil-based supplements had a measured vitamin D content similar to or higher than the labelled value. Ready-to-eat baby porridge was the only category in which all measured vitamin D concentrations were below the declared value (74-81%). The use of label information for fortified foods and dietary supplements may result in invalid estimations of vitamin D intake distributions of infants; both under- and overestimation may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Postbus 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - S Marije Seves
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Postbus 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marga C Ocké
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Postbus 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Saldanha L, Dwyer J, Andrews K, Betz J, Harnly J, Pehrsson P, Rimmer C, Savarala S. Feasibility of including green tea products for an analytically verified dietary supplement database. J Food Sci 2015; 80:H883-8. [PMID: 25817236 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) is a federally funded, publicly accessible dietary supplement database that currently contains analytically derived information on micronutrients in selected adult and children's multivitamin and mineral (MVM) supplements. Other constituents in dietary supplement products such as botanicals are also of interest and thus are being considered for inclusion in the DSID. Thirty-eight constituents, mainly botanicals were identified and prioritized by a federal interagency committee. Green tea was selected from this list as the botanical for expansion of the DSID. This article describes the process for prioritizing dietary ingredients in the DSID. It also discusses the criteria for inclusion of these ingredients, and the approach for selecting and testing products for the green tea pilot study.
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Zamora-Ros R, Touillaud M, Rothwell JA, Romieu I, Scalbert A. Measuring exposure to the polyphenol metabolome in observational epidemiologic studies: current tools and applications and their limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:11-26. [PMID: 24787490 PMCID: PMC4144095 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.077743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much experimental evidence supports a protective role of dietary polyphenols against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. However, results from observational epidemiologic studies are still limited and are often inconsistent. This is largely explained by the difficulties encountered in the estimation of exposure to the polyphenol metabolome, which is composed of ~500 polyphenols distributed across a wide variety of foods and characterized by diverse biological properties. Exposure to the polyphenol metabolome in epidemiologic studies can be assessed by the use of detailed dietary questionnaires or the measurement of biomarkers of polyphenol intake. The questionnaire approach has been greatly facilitated by the use of new databases on polyphenol composition but is limited by bias as a result of self-reporting. The use of polyphenol biomarkers holds much promise for objective estimation of polyphenol exposure in future metabolome-wide association studies. These approaches are reviewed and their advantages and limitations discussed by using examples of epidemiologic studies on polyphenols and cancer. The current improvement in these techniques, along with greater emphasis on the intake of individual polyphenols rather than polyphenols considered collectively, will help unravel the role of these major food bioactive constituents in disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Zamora-Ros
- From the Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (RZ-R, JAR, IR, and AS); the Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain (RZ-R); and the Cancer and Environment Unit, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (MT)
| | - Marina Touillaud
- From the Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (RZ-R, JAR, IR, and AS); the Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain (RZ-R); and the Cancer and Environment Unit, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (MT)
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- From the Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (RZ-R, JAR, IR, and AS); the Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain (RZ-R); and the Cancer and Environment Unit, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (MT)
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- From the Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (RZ-R, JAR, IR, and AS); the Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain (RZ-R); and the Cancer and Environment Unit, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (MT)
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- From the Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (RZ-R, JAR, IR, and AS); the Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain (RZ-R); and the Cancer and Environment Unit, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France (MT)
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14
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Dwyer JT, Saldanha LG, Bailen RA, Bailey RL, Costello RB, Betz JM, Chang FF, Goshorn J, Andrews KW, Pehrsson PR, Milner JA, Burt VL, Gahche JJ, Hardy CJ, Emenaker NJ. A free new dietary supplement label database for registered dietitian nutritionists. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1512-7. [PMID: 24928780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Boucher BA, Cotterchio M, Anderson LN, Kreiger N, Kirsh VA, Thompson LU. Use of isoflavone supplements is associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1439-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Swanson CA, Zimmermann MB, Skeaff S, Pearce EN, Dwyer JT, Trumbo PR, Zehaluk C, Andrews KW, Carriquiry A, Caldwell KL, Egan SK, Long SE, Bailey RL, Sullivan KM, Holden JM, Betz JM, Phinney KW, Brooks SPJ, Johnson CL, Haggans CJ. Summary of an NIH workshop to identify research needs to improve the monitoring of iodine status in the United States and to inform the DRI. J Nutr 2012; 142:1175S-85S. [PMID: 22551802 PMCID: PMC3738225 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.156448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the NIH sponsored a workshop on May 12-13, 2011, to bring together representatives from various NIH institutes and centers as a first step in developing an NIH iodine research initiative. The workshop also provided an opportunity to identify research needs that would inform the dietary reference intakes for iodine, which were last revised in 2001. Iodine is required throughout the life cycle, but pregnant women and infants are the populations most at risk of deficiency, because iodine is required for normal brain development and growth. The CDC monitors iodine status of the population on a regular basis, but the status of the most vulnerable populations remains uncertain. The NIH funds very little investigator-initiated research relevant to iodine and human nutrition, but the ODS has worked for several years with a number of other U.S. government agencies to develop many of the resources needed to conduct iodine research of high quality (e.g., validated analytical methods and reference materials for multiple types of samples). Iodine experts, scientists from several U.S. government agencies, and NIH representatives met for 2 d to identify iodine research needs appropriate to the NIH mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Swanson
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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A structured vocabulary for indexing dietary supplements in databases in the United States. J Food Compost Anal 2011; 25:226-233. [PMID: 22611303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Food composition databases are critical to assess and plan dietary intakes. Dietary supplement databases are also needed because dietary supplements make significant contributions to total nutrient intakes. However, no uniform system exists for classifying dietary supplement products and indexing their ingredients in such databases. Differing approaches to classifying these products make it difficult to retrieve or link information effectively. A consistent approach to classifying information within food composition databases led to the development of LanguaL™, a structured vocabulary. LanguaL™ is being adapted as an interface tool for classifying and retrieving product information in dietary supplement databases. This paper outlines proposed changes to the LanguaL™ thesaurus for indexing dietary supplement products and ingredients in databases. The choice of 12 of the original 14 LanguaL™ facets pertinent to dietary supplements, modifications to their scopes, and applications are described. The 12 chosen facets are: Product Type; Source; Part of Source; Physical State, Shape or Form; Ingredients; Preservation Method, Packing Medium, Container or Wrapping; Contact Surface; Consumer Group/Dietary Use/Label Claim; Geographic Places and Regions; and Adjunct Characteristics of food.
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Menard C, Dumas C, Goglia R, Spiteri M, Gillot N, Combris P, Ireland J, Soler L, Volatier J. OQALI: A French database on processed foods. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Scalbert A, Andres-Lacueva C, Arita M, Kroon P, Manach C, Urpi-Sarda M, Wishart D. Databases on food phytochemicals and their health-promoting effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4331-48. [PMID: 21438636 DOI: 10.1021/jf200591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Considerable information on the chemistry and biological properties of dietary phytochemicals has accumulated over the past three decades. The scattering of the data in tens of thousands publications and the diversity of experimental approaches and reporting formats all make the exploitation of this information very difficult. Some of the data have been collected and stored in electronic databases so that they can be automatically updated and retrieved. These databases will be particularly important in the evaluation of the effects on health of phytochemicals and in facilitating the exploitation of nutrigenomic data. The content of over 50 databases on chemical structures, spectra, metabolic pathways in plants, occurrence and concentrations in foods, metabolism in humans and animals, biological properties, and effects on health or surrogate markers of health is reviewed. Limits of these databases are emphasized, and needs and recommendations for future developments are underscored. More investments in the construction of databases on phytochemicals and their effects on health are clearly needed. They should greatly contribute to the success of future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
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20
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Abstract
This article describes the information currently available in the National Nutrition Monitoring System that is relevant to assessing the vitamin D status of US population groups, the strengths and limitations of this information, and selected results of vitamin D nutritional status assessments. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provides information on vitamin D intakes only from 1988 to 1994. NHANES collected information on supplement use and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations from 1988 through current surveys. The National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference started providing limited data on the vitamin D content of foods in 2002 and continues to update these values. The Food Label and Package Survey provides 2006-2007 label information on vitamin D fortification of marketed foods. Despite limitations in the available data and controversies about appropriate criteria for evaluating vitamin D status among population groups, we can make some useful comparisons of vitamin D status among life-stage groups. In general, males have higher vitamin D intakes and 25(OH)D concentrations than do females. Children tend to have higher vitamin D status than adults. The increasing use of multivitamin-mineral dietary supplements in younger to older adults is not associated with a corresponding increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations. In general, leaner individuals have higher circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and supplement use than do heavier individuals. Finally, non-Hispanic whites tend to have higher vitamin D status than do non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Yetley
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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21
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Pennington JA. Applications of food composition data: Data sources and considerations for use. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McCabe-Sellers BJ, Chenard CA. Meeting the needs of US dietitians for food composition data. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Roseland JM, Holden JM, Andrews KW, Zhao C, Schweitzer A, Harnly J, Wolf WR, Perry CR, Dwyer JT, Picciano MF, Betz JM, Saldanha LG, Yetley EA, Fisher KD, Sharpless KE. Dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID): Preliminary USDA studies on the composition of adult multivitamin/mineral supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2008; 21:S69-S77. [PMID: 24307755 PMCID: PMC3846171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Nutrient Data Laboratory of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is collaborating with the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and other government agencies to design and populate a dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID). This analytically based, publicly available database will provide reliable estimates of vitamin and mineral content of dietary supplement (DS) products. The DSID will initially be populated with multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products because they are the most commonly consumed supplements. Challenges associated with the analysis of MVMs were identified and investigated. A pilot study addressing the identification of appropriate analytical methods, sample preparation protocols, and experienced laboratories for the analysis of 12 vitamins and 11 minerals in adult MVM supplement products was completed. Preliminary studies support the development of additional analytical studies with results that can be applied to the DSID. Total intakes from foods and supplements are needed to evaluate the associations between dietary components and health. The DSID will provide better estimates of actual nutrient intake from supplements than databases that rely on label values alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Roseland
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Joanne M. Holden
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Karen W. Andrews
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Cuiwei Zhao
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Amy Schweitzer
- Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - James Harnly
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Wayne R. Wolf
- Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Charles R. Perry
- Research and Development Division, National Agricultural Statistics Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Johanna T. Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Frances Picciano
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph M. Betz
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leila G. Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Yetley
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Fisher
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Pennington JA, Stumbo PJ. Food composition data: The foundation of dietary assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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