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Yu T, Hu T, Na K, Zhang L, Lu S, Guo X. Glutamine-derived peptides: Current progress and future directions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13386. [PMID: 38847753 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body, plays a critical role in preserving immune function, nitrogen balance, intestinal integrity, and resistance to infection. However, its limited solubility and instability present challenges for its use a functional nutrient. Consequently, there is a preference for utilizing glutamine-derived peptides as an alternative to achieve enhanced functionality. This article aims to review the applications of glutamine monomers in clinical, sports, and enteral nutrition. It compares the functional effectiveness of monomers and glutamine-derived peptides and provides a comprehensive assessment of glutamine-derived peptides in terms of their classification, preparation, mechanism of absorption, and biological activity. Furthermore, this study explores the potential integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-based peptidomics and synthetic biology in the de novo design and large-scale production of these peptides. The findings reveal that glutamine-derived peptides possess significant structure-related bioactivities, with the smaller molecular weight fraction serving as the primary active ingredient. These peptides possess the ability to promote intestinal homeostasis, exert hypotensive and hypoglycemic effects, and display antioxidant properties. However, our understanding of the structure-function relationships of glutamine-derived peptides remains largely exploratory at current stage. The combination of AI based peptidomics and synthetic biology presents an opportunity to explore the untapped resources of glutamine-derived peptides as functional food ingredients. Additionally, the utilization and bioavailability of these peptides can be enhanced through the use of delivery systems in vivo. This review serves as a valuable reference for future investigations of and developments in the discovery, functional validation, and biomanufacturing of glutamine-derived peptides in food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Yu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Tianshuo Hu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Kai Na
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan City, China
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2
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Chen J, Ji H, Luo J, Zhang D, Liu S. Two novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibiting peptides from tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin and their molecular docking mechanism. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3603-3617. [PMID: 38638071 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In the study, papain was used to hydrolyze tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin to obtain a tilapia skin hydrolysate (TSH) with dual angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. The resulting TSH was sequentially fractionated by ultrafiltration, size exclusion separation chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Its inhibitory effects on ACE and DPP-IV were determined by commercial reagent kits. Two peptides purified from TSH were identified as Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ala-Leu (GPLGAL) and Lys-Pro-Ala-Gly-Asn (KPAGN) by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of GPLGAL on ACE and DPP-IV were 117.20 ± 1.69 and 187.10 ± 2.75 µM, respectively. IC50 of KPAGN on ACE and DPP-IV were 137.40 ± 2.33 and 259.20 ± 2.85 µM, respectively. The molecular simulation demonstrated that the binding affinities of GPLGAL to ACE and DPP-IV proteins were -8.5 and -7.4 kcal/mol, respectively, whereas those of KPAGN to ACE and DPP-IV proteins were -7.9 and -6.7 kcal/mol, respectively. GPLGAL interacted with 21 amino acid residues of the ACE active site, whereas KPAGN engaged with 19 amino acid residues. Additionally, GPLGAL interacted with 10 amino acid residues of the DPP-IV active site, whereas KPAGN engaged with 13 amino acid residues. The two peptides predominantly occupied the active sites of ACE (His513, Tyr523, and Ala354) and DPP-IV (Tyr662 and Arg125) through hydrogen bonding. This leads to the deactivation of ACE and DPP-IV. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Accelerate tilapia skin development and high-value utilization; provide foundation for preparing the peptides with dual ACE and DPP-IV inhibiting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of seafood, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of seafood, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Fan H, Shang N, Davidge ST, Wu J. Chicken Muscle-Derived ACE2-Upregulating Peptide VVHPKESF Reduces Blood Pressure Associated with the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR Axis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300524. [PMID: 38356052 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to investigate the antihypertensive effect of four chicken muscle-derived angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzymes (ACE)-regulating peptides: Val-Arg-Pro (VRP, ACE inhibition), Leu-Lys-Tyr and Val-Arg-Tyr (LKY and VRY, ACE inhibition and ACE2 upregulation), and Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys-Glu-Ser-Phe (VVHPKESF [V-F], ACE2 upregulation) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats (12-14 weeks old) are grouped: 1) untreated, 2) VRP, 3) LKY, 4) VRY, and 5) V-F. Blood pressure (BP) is monitored using implantable telemetry technology. Over 18-day oral administration of 15 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) per day, only peptide V-F significantly (p < 0.05) reduces BP, decreases circulating Ang II, and increases ACE2 and Ang (1-7) levels, and enhances aortic expressions of ACE2 and Mas receptor (MasR). Peptide V-F also attenuates vascular inflammation (TNFα, MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-15, and cyclooxygenase 2 [COX2]) and vascular oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine). The gastrointestinal (GI)-degraded fragment of peptide V-F, Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys (VVHPK), is also an ACE2-upregulating peptide. Peptides VRP, LKY, and VRY do not reduce BP, possibly due to low bioavailability or other unknown reasons. CONCLUSIONS Peptide V-F is the first ACE2-upregulating peptide, purified and fractionated from food proteins based on in vitro ACE2 upregulation, that reduces BP associated with the activation of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis; the N-terminal moiety VVHPK may be responsible for the antihypertensive effect of V-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
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Purohit K, Reddy N, Sunna A. Exploring the Potential of Bioactive Peptides: From Natural Sources to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1391. [PMID: 38338676 PMCID: PMC10855437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides, specific protein fragments with positive health effects, are gaining traction in drug development for advantages like enhanced penetration, low toxicity, and rapid clearance. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of peptide science, covering discovery to functional characterization. Beginning with a peptidomic exploration of natural sources, the review emphasizes the search for novel peptides. Extraction approaches, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, and specialized methods for disulfide-linked peptides, are extensively covered. Mass spectrometric analysis techniques for data acquisition and identification, such as liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, untargeted peptide analysis, and bioinformatics, are thoroughly outlined. The exploration of peptide bioactivity incorporates various methodologies, from in vitro assays to in silico techniques, including advanced approaches like phage display and cell-based assays. The review also discusses the structure-activity relationship in the context of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ACE-inhibitory peptides (ACEs), and antioxidative peptides (AOPs). Concluding with key findings and future research directions, this interdisciplinary review serves as a comprehensive reference, offering a holistic understanding of peptides and their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruttika Purohit
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia’s Bioactives (FAAB), Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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O’Keeffe M, Oterhals Å, Vikøren LAS, Drotningsvik A, Mellgren G, Halstensen A, Gudbrandsen OA. Dietary fish intake increased the concentration of soluble ACE2 in rats: can fish consumption reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection through interception of SARS-CoV-2 by soluble ACE2? Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1712-1719. [PMID: 36946006 PMCID: PMC10587383 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the cells after binding to the membrane-bound receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but this may be prevented through interception by soluble ACE2 (sACE2) or by inhibition of the ACE2 receptor, thus obstructing cell entry and replication. The main objective of this study was to investigate if fish intake affected the concentration of sACE2 in rats. The secondary aim was to evaluate the in vitro ACE2-inhibiting activity of fish proteins. Rats were fed cod muscle as 25 % of dietary protein, and blood was collected after 4 weeks of intervention. Muscle, backbone, skin, head, stomach, stomach content, intestine and swim bladder from haddock, saithe, cod and redfish were hydrolysed with trypsin before ACE2-inhibiting activity was measured in vitro. In vivo data were compared using unpaired Student's t test, and in vitro data were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD post hoc test. The mean sACE2 concentration was 47 % higher in rats fed cod when compared with control rats (P 0·034), whereas serum concentrations of angiotensin II and TNF-α were similar between the two experimental groups. Muscle, backbone, skin and head from all four fish species inhibited ACE2 activity in vitro, whereas the remaining fractions had no effect. To conclude, our novel data demonstrate that fish intake increased the sACE2 concentration in rats and that the hydrolysed fish proteins inhibited ACE2 activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O’Keeffe
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | | | - Linn Anja Slåke Vikøren
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Aslaug Drotningsvik
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen5021, Norway
| | - Alfred Halstensen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- K. Halstensen AS, P.O. Box 103, Bekkjarvik5399, Norway
| | - Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen
- Dietary Protein Research Group, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen5021, Norway
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6
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Zhou M, Song T, Li W, Huang M, Zheng L, Zhao M. Identification and Screening of Potential ACE2 Activating Peptides from Soybean Protein Isolate Hydrolysate against Ang II-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:11957-11969. [PMID: 37501259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a counterregulator against ACE by converting angiotensin II (Ang II) to Ang-(1-7), and its down-regulation leads to endothelial dysfunction in the vascular system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate (SPIH) on Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction with its underlying mechanisms via ACE2 activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We further screened potential ACE2 activating peptides by peptidomics analysis combined with bioinformatics tools. Results showed that SPIH remarkably attenuated Ang II-induced cell migration from 129 to 92%, decreased the ROS level from 2.22-fold to 1.45-fold, and increased NO concentration from 31.4 ± 0.7 to 43.7 ± 0.1 μM in HUVECs. However, these beneficial effects were reversed by ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 to a certain extent, indicating the modulation of ACE2. Further results revealed that SPIH (1 mg/mL) significantly increased the expression and activity of ACE2 and two novel ACE2 activating peptides with different mechanisms were explored from SPIH. IVPQ and IAVPT (50 μM) enhanced ACE2 activity, and only IVPQ (50 μM) increased ACE2 protein expression in HUVECs. These findings furthered our understanding of the antihypertensive mechanism of SPIH mediating the ACE2 activation on vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Tianyuan Song
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, P.R. China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Mingtao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, P.R. China
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7
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Liao W, Yan S, Cao X, Xia H, Wang S, Sun G, Cai K. A Novel LSTM-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting the Activity of Food Protein-Derived Antihypertensive Peptides. Molecules 2023; 28:4901. [PMID: 37446561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides are a representative type of bioactive peptides. Several models based on partial least squares regression have been constructed to delineate the relationship between the structure and activity of the peptides. Machine-learning-based models have been applied in broad areas, which also indicates their potential to be incorporated into the field of bioactive peptides. In this study, a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm-based deep learning model was constructed, which could predict the IC50 value of the peptide in inhibiting ACE activity. In addition to the test dataset, the model was also validated using randomly synthesized peptides. The LSTM-based model constructed in this study provides an efficient and simplified method for screening antihypertensive peptides from food proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Siyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaida Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, School of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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8
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Renjuan L, Xiuli Z, Liping S, Yongliang Z. Identification, in silico screening, and molecular docking of novel ACE inhibitory peptides isolated from the edible symbiot Boletus griseus-Hypomyces chrysospermus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Liu Z, Ding S, Jiang H, Fang J. Egg Protein Transferrin-Derived Peptides Irw (Lle-Arg-Trp) and Iqw (Lle-Gln-Trp) Prevent Obesity Mouse Model Induced by a High-Fat Diet via Reducing Lipid Deposition and Reprogramming Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911227. [PMID: 36232527 PMCID: PMC9569728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg-derived peptides play important roles in insulin secretion and sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, suggesting their possible involvement in obesity management. Hence, the aim of this study is to explore the alleviating effects of IRW (lle-Arg-Trp) and IQW (lle-Gln-Trp) on obesity via the mouse model induced by a high-fat diet. The entire experimental period lasted eight weeks. The results demonstrated that IQW prevented weight gain (6.52%), decreased the glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), malonaldehyde, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and leptin levels, and increased the concentration of adiponectin (p < 0.05, n = 8). Although IRW failed to prevent weight gain, it reduced the concentration of glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, and leptin, and increased the concentration of adiponectin (p < 0.05, n = 8). Moreover, IRW and IQW increased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance based on the results of the intraperitoneal glucose test and insulin tolerance test (p < 0.05, n = 8). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that IRW and IQW downregulated the mRNA expression of DGAT1 (Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1), DGAT2 (Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 2), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β of liver tissue (p < 0.05, n = 8). The results of the 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing showed that IQW and IRW tended to reduce the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Parabacteroides, and that IRW enhanced the abundance of Bacteroides (p < 0.05, n = 8). Collectively, IRW and IQW supplementation could alleviate the progression of obesity due to the fact that the supplementation reduced lipid deposition, maintained energy balance, and reprogrammed gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-8461-3600
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10
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Lammi C, Boschin G, Bartolomei M, Arnoldi A, Galaverna G, Dellafiora L. Mechanistic Insights into Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Tripeptides to Decipher the Chemical Basis of Their Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11572-11578. [PMID: 36074807 PMCID: PMC9501895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food proteins are an important source of bioactive peptides, and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are worthy of attention for their possible beneficial effects in subjects with mild hypertension. However, the chemical basis underpinning their activity is not well-understood, hampering the discovery of novel inhibitory sequences from the plethora of peptides encrypted in food proteins. This work combined computational and in vitro investigations to describe precisely the chemical basis of potent inhibitory tripeptides. A substantial set of previously uncharacterized tripeptides have been investigated in silico and in vitro, and LCP was described for the first time as a potent ACE inhibitory peptide with IC50 values of 8.25 and 6.95 μM in cell-free and cell-based assays, respectively. The outcomes presented could serve to better understand the chemical basis of already characterized potent inhibitory tripeptides or as a blueprint to design novel and potent inhibitory peptides and peptide-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolomei
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma 43124, Italy
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11
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Cao S, Wang Z, Xing L, Zhou L, Zhang W. Bovine Bone Gelatin-Derived Peptides: Food Processing Characteristics and Evaluation of Antihypertensive and Antihyperlipidemic Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9877-9887. [PMID: 35917452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the food processing properties of bovine bone gelatin-derived peptides (BGPs) and their effects and mechanisms on hypertension and hypertension complications in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). BGPs had good acid, high temperature, and NaCl resistance abilities in vitro. Additionally, Maillard reaction of BGPs with low-dose reducing sugar (≤15%) exhibited a free radical scavenging effect. BGPs significantly reduced the blood pressure, triglyceride levels, and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in SHRs through downregulated angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) levels and the upregulated Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R) level. In brief, BGP could alleviate hypertension and dyslipidemia in SHRs by inhibiting ACE/Ang II/AT1R and activating the Ang II/AT2R signaling pathway. Our study suggests that BGP has good food processing properties and could be a potential nutraceutical for antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmin Cao
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
- School of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lujuan Xing
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; Key Laboratory of Meat Products Processing, MOA; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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12
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Jiang X, Wu J. Structure and activity study of tripeptide IRW in TNF-α induced insulin resistant skeletal muscle cells. Food Funct 2022; 13:4061-4068. [PMID: 35315845 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02893f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Egg white protein ovotransferrin derived peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was found to improve tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or angiotensin II induced insulin resistance in L6 cells. Our recent study further showed that this peptide can improve glucose tolerance in high fat diet fed C57BL/6 mice. However, the structural requirements of IRW, especially the significance of each amino acid residue of IRW, is unknown. The study was aimed to investigate the structure and activity relationships of IRW in TNF-α induced insulin resistance L6 cells. The peptides were designed to determine the significance of individual amino acids in IRW using alanine scanning (replacing one amino acid at one time), the order of the peptide sequence and the constituting elements of IRW. Among the tested peptides and amino acids, only IRA and IR showed the same effects as that of IRW: enhanced glucose uptake, improvement in the impaired insulin signaling pathway and increased glucose transporter protein 4 (GLUT4) translocation in TNF-α treated L6 myotubes. This study demonstrated that C-terminal W is not essential to the activity of IRW. Further study is necessary to establish if IR and IRA show similar effects to that of IRW in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada.
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13
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Lammi C, Boschin G, Bollati C, Arnoldi A, Galaverna G, Dellafiora L. A heuristic, computer-driven and top-down approach to identify novel bioactive peptides: A proof-of-principle on angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110753. [PMID: 34865771 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are short peptides (3-20 amino acid residues in length) endowed of specific biological activities. The identification and characterization of bioactive peptides of food origin are crucial to better understand the physiological consequences of food, as well as to design novel foods, ingredients, supplements, and diets to counteract mild metabolic disorders. For this reason, the identification of bioactive peptides is also relevant from a pharmaceutical standpoint. Nevertheless, the systematic identification of bioactive sequences of food origin is still challenging and relies mainly on the so defined "bottom-up" approaches, which rarely results in the total identification of most active sequences. Conversely, "top-down" approaches aim at identifying bioactive sequences with certain features and may be more suitable for the precise identification of very potent bioactive peptides. In this context, this work presents a top-down, computer-assisted and hypothesis-driven identification of potent angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory tripeptides, as a proof of principle. A virtual library of 6840 tripeptides was screened in silico to identify potential highly potent inhibitory peptides. Then, computational results were confirmed experimentally and a very potent novel sequence, LMP was identified. LMP showed an IC50 of 15.8 and 6.8 µM in cell-free and cell-based assays, respectively. In addition, a bioinformatics approach was used to search potential food sources of LMP. Yolk proteins were identified as a possible relevant source to analyze in further experiments. Overall, the method presented may represent a powerful and versatile framework for a systematic, high-throughput and top-down identification of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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14
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Wu Q, Luo F, Wang XL, Lin Q, Liu GQ. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide: an emerging candidate for vascular dysfunction therapy. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:736-755. [PMID: 34634988 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1948816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal vasoconstriction, inflammation, and vascular remodeling can be promoted by angiotensin II (Ang II) in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), leading to vascular dysfunction diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Researchers have recently focused on angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (ACEIPs), that have desirable efficacy in vascular dysfunction therapy due to Ang II reduction by inhibiting ACE activity. Promising methods for the large-scale preparation of ACEIPs include selective enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Thus far, ACEIPs have been widely reported to be hydrolyzed from protein-rich sources, including animals, plants, and marine organisms, while many emerging microorganism-derived ACEIPs are theoretically biosynthesized through the nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) pathway. Notably, vasodilatation, anti-inflammation, and vascular reconstruction reversal of ACEIPs are strongly correlated. However, the related molecular mechanisms underlying signal transduction regulation in vivo remain unclear. We provide a comprehensive update of the ACE-Ang II-G protein-coupled type 1 angiotensin receptor (AT1R) axis signaling and its functional significance for potential translation into therapeutic strategies, particularly targeting AT1R by ACEIPs, as well as specific related signaling pathways. Future studies are expected to verify the biosynthetic regulatory mechanism of ACEIPs via the NRPS pathway, the effect of gut microbiota metabolism on vascular dysfunction and rigorous studies of ACE-Ang II-AT1R signaling pathways mediated by ACEIPs in large animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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15
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Wang X, Wei Z, Xue C. The past and future of ovotransferrin: Physicochemical properties, assembly and applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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16
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Sanlier N, Üstün D. Egg consumption and health effects: A narrative review. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4250-4261. [PMID: 34472102 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was planned and conducted to investigate the effects of egg consumption on metabolic syndrome components and potential mechanisms of action on humans. Egg, an important source of animal protein, is defined as a functional food containing various bioactive compounds that can affect the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. As a matter of fact, the egg can show immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, or antihypertensive effects with its bioactive components. It is claimed that egg consumption may protect individuals against metabolic syndrome by increasing HDL-C levels and reducing inflammation. The increase in egg consumption creates the perception that it may lead to cardiovascular diseases due to its cholesterol content. However, there is insufficient evidence as to whether dietary cholesterol-lowers LDL-C. The possible potential mechanisms of egg impact on human health, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and selected websites including) and databases were examined in this regard. With a view to delving into the rather mysterious relationship between egg cholesterol and blood cholesterol, it is necessary to understand the absorption of cholesterol from the egg and to know the functioning of the intestinal microbiota. Studies conducted to date have generally yielded inconsistent results regarding egg consumption and risks of CVD, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Üstün
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Lu Y, Wang Y, Huang D, Bian Z, Lu P, Fan D, Wang X. Inhibitory mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from black tea. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:575-589. [PMID: 34269010 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to discover the inhibitory mechanism of tea peptides and to analyse the affinities between the peptides and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as well as the stability of the complexes using in vitro and in silico methods. Four peptide sequences identified from tea, namely peptides I, II, III, and IV, were used to examine ACE inhibition and kinetics. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the four peptides were (210.03±18.29), (178.91±5.18), (196.31±2.87), and (121.11±3.38) μmol/L, respectively. The results of Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that peptides I, II, and IV inhibited ACE activity in an uncompetitive manner, which requires the presence of substrate. Peptide III inhibited ACE in a non-competitive manner, for which the presence of substrate is not necessary. The docking simulations showed that the four peptides did not bind to the active sites of ACE, indicating that the four peptides are allosteric inhibitors. The binding free energies calculated from molecular dynamic (MD) simulation were -72.47, -42.20, -52.10, and -67.14 kcal/mol (1 kcal=4.186 kJ), respectively. The lower IC50 value of peptide IV may be attributed to its stability when docking with ACE and changes in the flexibility and unfolding of ACE. These four bioactive peptides with ACE inhibitory ability can be incorporated into novel functional ingredients of black tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Lu
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Danyi Huang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuang Bian
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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18
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Qiao Q, Chen L, Li X, Lu X, Xu Q. Roles of Dietary Bioactive Peptides in Redox Balance and Metabolic Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5582245. [PMID: 34234885 PMCID: PMC8219413 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5582245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BPs) are fragments of 2-15 amino acid residues with biological properties. Dietary BPs derived from milk, egg, fish, soybean, corn, rice, quinoa, wheat, oat, potato, common bean, spirulina, and mussel are reported to possess beneficial effects on redox balance and metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)). Peptide length, sequence, and composition significantly affected the bioactive properties of dietary BPs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various dietary protein-derived BPs exhibited biological activities through the modulation of various molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, including Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element in oxidative stress; peroxisome proliferator-activated-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 in obesity; insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetes; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in hypertension; and mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B in IBD. This review focuses on the action of molecular mechanisms of dietary BPs and provides novel insights in the maintenance of redox balance and metabolic diseases of human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Qiao
- College of Information Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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19
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Wang Y, Li Y, Ruan S, Lu F, Tian W, Ma H. Antihypertensive effect of rapeseed peptides and their potential in improving the effectiveness of captopril. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3049-3055. [PMID: 33179311 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and antihypertensive activity of rapeseed peptides and to investigate their potential synergy with captopril. RESULTS The peptides were nontoxic with the maximum tolerated dose exceeding 25 g kg-1 BW d-1 for mice and they had angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 1.27 mg mL-1 . Rapeseed peptides did not have a synergistic effect with captopril on inhibiting ACE activity in simulated digestion tests in vitro. But in vivo they could synergistically augment the amplitude range of lowering blood pressure with captopril by approximately 9% and prolong the antihypertensive effect duration time by over 20% in antihypertension tests of spontaneously hypertensive rats. In addition, the inhibiting effect of rapeseed peptides on ACE activity was noticeable in some rat organs in vivo. Nevertheless, when compared to captopril group, the potential synergy of rapeseed peptides with captopril did not cause a further decrease in ACE activity in the organs but their synergy further improved levels of NO (12.7%) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (74.1%) in rat serum. Further studies of some peptides identified from rapeseed peptides showed that some of the rapeseed peptides (Cys-Leu, Val-Ala-Pro) could markedly increase contents of NO and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS Rapeseed peptides have antihypertensive activity and they showed potential synergy with captopril in antihypertensive performance in vivo. The synergy was not from ACE inhibition but from other pathways, like improvement in endogenous vasodilator contents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yunliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Siyu Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wanmin Tian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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20
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Singh BP, Aluko RE, Hati S, Solanki D. Bioactive peptides in the management of lifestyle-related diseases: Current trends and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4593-4606. [PMID: 33506720 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1877109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle-related diseases constitute a major concern in the twenty-first century, with millions dying worldwide each year due to chosen lifestyles and associated complications such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Although synthetic drugs have been shown to be quite effective in the treatment of these conditions, safety of these compounds remains a concern. Natural alternatives to drugs include food-derived peptides are now being explored for the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related complications. Peptides are fragments nascent in the primary protein sequences and could impart health benefits beyond basic nutritional advantages. Evidence suggests that by controlling adipocyte differentiation and lipase activities, bioactive peptides may be able to prevent obesity. Bioactive peptides act as agents against type 2 diabetes because of their ability to inhibit enzymatic activities of DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Moreover, bioactive peptides can act as competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme, thus eliciting an antihypertensive effect. Bioactive peptides may have a hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibiting cholesterol metabolism pathways and cholesterol synthesis. This review addresses current knowledge of the impact of food-derived bioactive peptides on lifestyle diseases. In addition, future insights on the clinical trials, allergenicity, cytotoxicity, gastrointestinal stability, and regulatory approvals have also been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Subrota Hati
- SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Divyang Solanki
- SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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21
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Matos FMD, Castro RJSD. Insetos comestíveis como potenciais fontes de proteínas para obtenção de peptídeos bioativos. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.04420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O consumo de insetos como uma fonte alternativa de proteínas é considerado uma tendência futura e uma estratégia viável, com potencial notório para garantia do fornecimento de alimentos em nível global. Os insetos são uma fonte não convencional de proteínas, seja para consumo humano direto ou indiretamente, como ingredientes em alimentos formulados. Além disso, estudos científicos têm demonstrado que a hidrólise enzimática destas proteínas resulta na produção de peptídeos com atividades biológicas de grande interesse, como atividade antioxidante, antidiabética, anti-hipertensiva e antimicrobiana. O uso desses peptídeos com fim nutracêutico pode substituir ou reduzir o uso de drogas sintéticas, as quais estão associadas a efeitos colaterais indesejáveis. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo abordar o uso de insetos na alimentação humana, destacando sua aplicação como substrato proteico na hidrólise enzimática para produção de peptídeos bioativos. As principais propriedades bioativas dos peptídeos foram relatadas.
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22
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Wu J. A Novel Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Activating Peptide: A Reflection of 10 Years of Research on a Small Peptide Ile-Arg-Trp (IRW). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14402-14408. [PMID: 33251800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was identified as an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) from egg white protein ovotransferrin through an integrated in silico digestion and quantitative structure and activity relationship prediction in 2011. Oral administration of IRW to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) can significantly reduce blood pressure, via upregulation of ACE2, but not through the inhibition of ACE. ACE2 converts Ang II into Ang (1-7), thus lowering blood pressure via Mas receptor (MasR); coinfusion of Mas receptor antagonist A779 and IRW in SHRs abolished blood pressure-lowering effect of IRW, supporting a key role of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis. Our ongoing study further established new roles of IRW as an antioxidant, an anti-inflammatory agent, an insulin sensitizer, and a bone cell anabolic. Future studies are warranted to understand the unique structure features of this peptide, its mechanisms of action at various targets, its bioavailability and metabolism, and its possible roles toward COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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23
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Lammi C, Aiello G, Dellafiora L, Bollati C, Boschin G, Ranaldi G, Ferruzza S, Sambuy Y, Galaverna G, Arnoldi A. Assessment of the Multifunctional Behavior of Lupin Peptide P7 and Its Metabolite Using an Integrated Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13179-13188. [PMID: 32223157 PMCID: PMC7997369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
LTFPGSAED (P7) is a multifunctional hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic lupin peptide. While assessing its angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, it was more effective in intestinal Caco-2 cells (IC50 of 13.7 μM) than in renal HK-2 cells (IC50 of 79.6 μM). This discrepancy was explained by the metabolic transformation mediated by intestinal peptidases, which produced two main detected peptides, TFPGSAED and LTFPG. Indeed LTFPG, dynamically generated by intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase IV as well as its parent peptide P7 were linearly absorbed by mature Caco-2 cells. An in silico study demonstrated that the metabolite was a better ligand of the ACE enzyme than P7. These results are in agreement with an in vivo study, previously performed by Aluko et al., which has shown that LTFPG is an effective hypotensive peptide. Our work highlights the dynamic nature of bioactive food peptides that may be modulated by the metabolic activity of intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Telephone: +39-0250319912. Fax: +39-0250319372. E-mail:
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ranaldi
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council
for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Ferruzza
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council
for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Yula Sambuy
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Council
for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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24
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Chakrabarti S, Ren J, Wu J. Phosvitin Derived Phospho-Peptides Show Better Osteogenic Potential than Intact Phosvitin in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102998. [PMID: 33007855 PMCID: PMC7601474 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated proteins from food sources have been investigated as regulators of bone formation with potential benefits in treating osteoporosis. Egg, a cheap and nutritious food, is also the source of various proteins and bioactive peptides with applications in human health. Egg yolk is rich in phosvitin, the most phosphorylated protein in nature. Phosvitin has been shown to improve bone health in experimental animals, although the molecular mechanisms and its specific effects on bone-forming osteoblastic cells are incompletely understood. Previous work in our group has identified pancreatin-generated phosvitin phospho-peptides (PPP) as a potential source for bioactive peptides. Given this background, we examined the roles of both phosvitin and PPP in the function of osteoblastic cells. Our results demonstrated their potential to improve bone health by promoting osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, suppressing osteoclast recruitment and the deposition of extracellular matrix, although PPP appeared to demonstrate superior osteogenic functions compared to phosvitin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada; (S.C.); (J.R.)
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada
| | - Jiandong Ren
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada; (S.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada; (S.C.); (J.R.)
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-7804926885
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Guha S, Paul C, Alvarez S, Mine Y, Majumder K. Dietary γ-Glutamyl Valine Ameliorates TNF-α-Induced Vascular Inflammation via Endothelial Calcium-Sensing Receptors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9139-9149. [PMID: 32786865 PMCID: PMC8012099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl valine (γ-EV), commonly found in edible beans, was shown to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation via activation of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs). The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of γ-EV in modulating the tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells (ECs) via CaSR-mediated pathways. Human aortic ECs (HAoECs) were pretreated (2 h) with γ-EV (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM). 1 mM pretreatment of γ-EV significantly reduced the upregulation of inflammatory adhesion molecules, VCAM-1 and E-selectin, by 44.56 and 57.41%, respectively. The production of cytokines IL-8 and IL-6 was significantly reduced by 40 and 51%, respectively, with 1 mM pretreatment of γ-EV. Similarly, there was a significant reduction in chemokine MCP-1 from a positive control of 9.70 ± 0.52 to 6.6 ± 0.43 ng/mL, after γ-EV treatment. The anti-inflammatory effect of γ-EV was attenuated by the treatment of the CaSR-specific inhibitor, NPS-2143, suggesting the involvement of CaSR-mediated pathways. Further studies identified the critical role of key modulators, such as β-arrestin2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein, in mediating the CaSR-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of γ-EV. Finally, the transport efficiency of γ-EV was evaluated through a monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2), and the apparent permeability (Papp) of the peptide was found to be 1.56 × 10-6 cm/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Guha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588, Nebraska, United States
| | - Catherine Paul
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588, Nebraska, United States
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588, Nebraska, United States
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68588, Nebraska, United States
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Fu W, Wang P, Wu H, Zhang Z, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Zheng B, Hu J. Antihypertensive effects of Trichiurus lepturus myosin hydrolysate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:3645-3656. [PMID: 32296790 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02687h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the blood pressure-lowering effects of Trichiurus lepturus myosin hydrolysate (TMH) and its possible mechanism were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). After gavage administration of TMH for 4 h, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly decreased in SHRs. Furthermore, the SBP of SHRs remained low at 1 month after daily TMH treatment at 400 mg kg-1. Meanwhile, plasma levels of angiotensin II, bradykinin and nitric oxide in SHRs were ameliorated by TMH. Western blotting also suggested that TMH down-regulated the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, indicating a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, nitrotyrosine and collagen I were down-regulated, revealing a significant anti-oxidant effect of TMH. No obvious side effects or toxicity were observed in normal Wistar rats given TMH. Various pathogenic factors related to hypertension were improved by TMH, which may explain the underlying mechanism by which TMH synergistically reduces blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Fu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Peixin Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Hongqiang Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and China-Ireland International Cooperation Centre for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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27
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Chen L, Liao W, Fang J, Qin S, Lu X, Wu J. Purification and identification of angiotensin II type I receptor downregulating peptide from egg white hydrolysate. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13220. [PMID: 32242960 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vasoconstricting effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) is mediated by Ang II type I receptor (AT1R); blocking or blunting AT1R is a key strategy for the development of antihypertensive drugs. Our previous study showed that the blood pressure lowering the activity of egg white hydrolysate (EWH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats was due to the downregulation of aortic AT1R expression, which promoted us to further identify the AT1R downregulating peptides in the present study. The protein expression of AT1R in a rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell line A7r5 cells was used for the activity test. The hydrolysate was fractionated stepwise by C18 Sep-Pack cartridge and reverse-phase chromatography, and the peptide sequences were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Peptides including ITKPNDVYS, VVGSAEAGVDAAS, AVHAAHAEINEAGRE, AGREVVGSAEAGVD, and VVGSAEAGVD, were identified. ITKPNDVYS showed the most potent peptide for lowering the level of AT1R in A7r5 cells. These results suggested that ITKPNDVYS is the responsible peptide for lowering the AT1R level in EWH. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A new peptide ITKPNDVYS was identified as a downregulator of AT1R from egg white hydrolysate, which provides a new approach for the development of food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides as nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Qin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Wang X, Bhullar KS, Fan H, Liao W, Qiao Y, Su D, Wu J. Regulatory Effects of a Pea-Derived Peptide Leu-Arg-Trp (LRW) on Dysfunction of Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells against Angiotensin II Stimulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3947-3953. [PMID: 32157879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and proliferation are crucial mediators of vascular dysfunction which contribute to the pathology of hypertension. A tripeptide, LRW (Leu-Arg-Trp), was characterized from pea protein legumin, and its previously studied isomer IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was reported to exhibit antihypertensive activity via activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The objective of the current study was to explore the effects of LRW on vascular stress in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cellular stress. LRW treatment could decrease Ang II-triggered superoxide production, inflammation, and proliferation in VSMCs. The abovementioned advantageous effects appeared to involve the upregulation of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-MasR axis and modulation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. These findings specified the prospective role of LRW as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension and vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yongjin Qiao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Di Su
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2P5, Alberta, Canada
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Jahandideh F, Wu J. Perspectives on the Potential Benefits of Antihypertensive Peptides towards Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2192. [PMID: 32235782 PMCID: PMC7139547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the regulation of blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) also plays a key role in the onset and development of insulin resistance, which is central to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Due to the interplay between RAS and insulin resistance, antihypertensive compounds may exert beneficial effects in the management of MetS. Food-derived bioactive peptides with RAS blocking properties can potentially improve adipose tissue dysfunction, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. This review discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension and the association between RAS and pathogenesis of the MetS. The effects of bioactive peptides with RAS modulating effects on other components of the MetS are discussed. While the in vivo reports on the effectiveness of antihypertensive peptides against MetS are encouraging, the exact mechanism by which these peptides infer their effects on glucose and lipid handling is mostly unknown. Therefore, careful design of experiments along with standardized physiological models to study the effect of antihypertensive peptides on insulin resistance and obesity could help to clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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30
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Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R, Malekahmadi M, Clayton ZS, Sadat SZ, Pahlavani N, Sikaroudi MK, Soltani S. Effect of Egg Consumption on Blood Pressure: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:24. [PMID: 32114646 PMCID: PMC7189334 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We identified and quantified the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have assessed the impact of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults. RECENT FINDINGS We conducted a comprehensive search of medical bibliographic databases up to February 2019 for RCTs investigating the effect of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults. Fifteen RCTs were included with a total of 748 participants. Overall, egg consumption had no significant effect on systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.046 mmHg; 95% CI - 0.792, 0.884) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = - 0.603 mmHg; 95% CI - 1.521, 0.315). Subgroup analyses had no effect on pooled results and no heterogeneity was found among included studies. Egg consumption has no significant effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. Due to several limitations among existing studies, general conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the beneficial or neutral impact of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kolahdouz-Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyede Zahra Sadat
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Soltani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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31
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Liu L, Li S, Zheng J, Bu T, He G, Wu J. Safety considerations on food protein-derived bioactive peptides. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Panchal G, Hati S, Sakure A. Characterization and production of novel antioxidative peptides derived from fermented goat milk by L. fermentum. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Cui P, Yang X, Li Y, Liang Q, Wang Y, Lu F, Owusu J, Huang S, Ren X, Ma H. The milk macromolecular peptide: preparation and evaluation of antihypertensive activity in rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:4403-4415. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to avoid the discomfort of digesting milk protein and make full use of the gastrointestinal digestive function, a milk macromolecular peptide was prepared with ACE inhibitory activity after gastrointestinal digestion as the index.
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34
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Tianrui Z, Bingtong L, Ling Y, Liping S, Yongliang Z. ACE inhibitory activity in vitro and antihypertensive effect in vivo of LSGYGP and its transepithelial transport by Caco-2 cell monolayer. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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35
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Pujiastuti DY, Ghoyatul Amin MN, Alamsjah MA, Hsu JL. Marine Organisms as Potential Sources of Bioactive Peptides that Inhibit the Activity of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme: A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142541. [PMID: 31336853 PMCID: PMC6680877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a paramount therapeutic target to treat hypertension. ACE inhibitory peptides derived from food protein sources are regarded as safer alternatives to synthetic antihypertensive drugs for treating hypertension. Recently, marine organisms have started being pursued as sources of potential ACE inhibitory peptides. Marine organisms such as fish, shellfish, seaweed, microalgae, molluscs, crustaceans, and cephalopods are rich sources of bioactive compounds because of their high-value metabolites with specific activities and promising health benefits. This review aims to summarize the studies on peptides from different marine organisms and focus on the potential ability of these peptides to inhibit ACE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Yuli Pujiastuti
- Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Muhamad Nur Ghoyatul Amin
- Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Amin Alamsjah
- Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Jue-Liang Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Research Center for Austronesian Medicine and Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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36
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Chalamaiah M, Keskin Ulug S, Hong H, Wu J. Regulatory requirements of bioactive peptides (protein hydrolysates) from food proteins. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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37
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Fan H, Wang J, Liao W, Jiang X, Wu J. Identification and Characterization of Gastrointestinal-Resistant Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Egg White Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7147-7156. [PMID: 31140270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Egg proteins are recognized as excellent sources of bioactive peptides, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) peptides. Oral administration of a thermolysin-digested egg white hydrolysate (T-EWH) caused a significant blood pressure reduction in spontaneously hypertensive rats; a further ACEi assay implied that its ACEi activity was enhanced after in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. These results indicated that T-EWH contained ACEi peptides resisting GI digestion and/or being further released during GI digestion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify these responsible ACEi peptides from T-EWH. The conventionally activity-guided fractionation was applied, coupled with a synchronized GI digestion throughout, during which both peptide yield and ACEi activity before and after the GI digestion were measured. Finally, six ACEi peptides (LAPYK, LKISQ, LKYAT, INKVVR, LFLIKH, and LGHWVY) with good GI resistance were identified with IC50 values <20 μM, especially LKYAT (0.09 μM). The structure-activity relationship of these peptides was discussed. The discovery of GI-resistant ACEi peptides could further support the application of egg white proteins as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Jiapei Wang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
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38
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Preparation and Identification of Novel Antihypertensive Peptides from the In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Marine Cobia Skin Hydrolysates. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061351. [PMID: 31208053 PMCID: PMC6628374 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on cobia skin hydrolysates and their antihypertensive effects via the inhibitory activities of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Marine fish Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) skin was hydrolysed for 5 h using Protamex and Protease N to obtain the cobia skin protein hydrolysates PX-5 and PN-5, respectively. The soluble protein and peptide contents of the PX-5 were 612 and 270 mg/g, respectively, and for the PN-5, 531 and 400 mg/g, respectively. The IC50 of PX-5 and PN-5 on ACE was 0.221 and 0.291 mg/mL, respectively. Increasing the IC50 from 0.221 to 0.044 mg/mL by simulated gastrointestinal digestion (PX-5G) reduced the ACE-inhibitory capacity of PX-5. Using gel filtration chromatography, the PX-5G was fractioned into eight fractions. The molecular weight of the fifth fraction from PX-5G was between 630 and 450 Da, and the highest inhibitory efficiency ratio on ACE was 1552.4%/mg/mL. We identified four peptide sequences: Trp-Ala-Ala, Ala-Trp-Trp, Ile-Trp-Trp, and Trp-Leu, with IC50 values for ACE of 118.50, 9.40, 0.51, and 26.80 μM, respectively. At a dose of 600 mg PX-5 powder/kg body weight, in spontaneously hypertensive rats PX-5's antihypertensive effect significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 21.9 and 15.5 mm Hg, respectively, after 4 h of oral gavage.
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39
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Nolasco E, Guha S, Majumder K. Bioactive Egg Proteins. EGGS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013833-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional excellence of chicken egg is derived from its task as a life-giving medium, supplying the necessary nutrients to the hen's embryo while protecting it from external threats. Additionally, egg proteins possess unique biological activities above and beyond their known functional and nutritional roles. In the last few decades, extensive research has been done to evaluate the various biological activities of egg proteins and protein-derived peptides. Egg proteins and protein-derived peptides have been attributed to diverse biological activities, the most well-known being their antimicrobial properties. However, egg proteins and peptides have been shown to have other biological activities, such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and protease inhibitory activity. Egg-derived bioactive proteins have had a relevant scientific impact and exhibit promising applicability as an ingredient for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, it is critical to understand the effects of these proteins in signaling pathways to delineate their molecular mechanisms of action. Further studies are required to fill the current knowledge gaps. Therefore, the purpose of the chapter is to illustrate the present knowledge of the bioactivity of different egg proteins and their physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Nolasco
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
| | - Snigdha Guha
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Food Science and Technology 1901 N 21 St Lincoln NE 68588-6205 USA
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40
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Ganguly A, Sharma K, Majumder K. Food-derived bioactive peptides and their role in ameliorating hypertension and associated cardiovascular diseases. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:165-207. [PMID: 31351525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and associated metabolic disorders are responsible for nearly 40 million deaths globally per year. Hypertension or high blood pressure (BP) is one of the primary reasons for the development of CVDs. A healthy nutritional strategy complementing with physical activity can substantially reduce high BP and prevent the occurrence of CVD-associated morbidity and mortality. Bioactive peptides currently are the next wave of the promising bench to clinic options for potential targeting chronic and acute health issues including hypertension. Peptides demonstrating anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-I inhibitory activity are widely studied for the amelioration of hypertension and associated CVDs. Isolating these potent bioactive peptides from different food sources is a promising endeavor toward nutraceutical based dietary management and prevention of hypertension. Understanding the pathophysiology of hypertension and the action mechanisms of the bioactive peptides would complement in designing and characterizing more potent peptides and suitable comprehensive dietary plans for the prevention of hypertension and associated CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Advaita Ganguly
- Comprehensive Tissue Centre, UAH Transplant Services, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kumakshi Sharma
- Health, Safety and Environment Branch, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kaustav Majumder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
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41
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Lammi C, Aiello G, Boschin G, Arnoldi A. Multifunctional peptides for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: A new concept in the area of bioactive food-derived peptides. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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42
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Réhault-Godbert S, Guyot N, Nys Y. The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E684. [PMID: 30909449 PMCID: PMC6470839 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg is an encapsulated source of macro and micronutrients that meet all requirements to support embryonic development until hatching. The perfect balance and diversity in its nutrients along with its high digestibility and its affordable price has put the egg in the spotlight as a basic food for humans. However, egg still has to face many years of nutritionist recommendations aiming at restricting egg consumption to limit cardiovascular diseases incidence. Most experimental, clinical, and epidemiologic studies concluded that there was no evidence of a correlation between dietary cholesterol brought by eggs and an increase in plasma total-cholesterol. Egg remains a food product of high nutritional quality for adults including elderly people and children and is extensively consumed worldwide. In parallel, there is compelling evidence that egg also contains many and still-unexplored bioactive compounds, which may be of high interest in preventing/curing diseases. This review will give an overview of (1) the main nutritional characteristics of chicken egg, (2) emerging data related to egg bioactive compounds, and (3) some factors affecting egg composition including a comparison of nutritional value between eggs from various domestic species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Guyot
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Yves Nys
- Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Grootaert C, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Matthijs B, Possemiers S, Van der Saag H, Van Camp J, Lucey A. Clinical aspects of egg bioactive peptide research: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Flemisch Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek) Boeretang 200 B‐2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemisch Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek) Boeretang 200 B‐2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Bea Matthijs
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Hans Van der Saag
- Bioactor BV Brightlands Health Campus Gaetano Martinolaan 85 6229 GS Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Alice Lucey
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research School of Food & Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Western Road T12 HY8E Cork Ireland
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Mas-Capdevila A, Iglesias-Carres L, Arola-Arnal A, Aragonès G, Aleixandre A, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Evidence that Nitric Oxide is Involved in the Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of the Peptide AVFQHNCQE in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E225. [PMID: 30678184 PMCID: PMC6412221 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AVFQHNCQE is an antihypertensive nonapeptide obtained from a chicken foot protein hydrolysate. The present study aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in its blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect. Male (17⁻20 weeks old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used in this study. Rats were divided into two groups and orally administered water or 10 mg/kg body weight (bw) AVFQHNCQE. One hour post-administration, animals of both groups were intra-peritoneally treated with 1 mL of saline or with 1 mL of saline containing 30 mg/kg bw Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, or with 1 mL of saline containing 5 mg/kg bw indomethacin, which is an inhibitor of prostacyclin synthesis (n = 6 per group). Systolic BP was recorded before oral administration and six hours after oral administration. In an additional experiment, SHR were administered water or 10 mg/kg bw AVFQHNCQE (n = 6 per group) and sacrificed six hours post-administration to study the mechanisms underlying the peptide anti-hypertensive effect. Moreover, the relaxation caused by AVFQHNCQE in isolated aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated. The BP-lowering effect of the peptide was not changed after indomethacin administration but was completely abolished by L-NAME, which demonstrates that its anti-hypertensive effect is mediated by changes in endothelium-derived NO availability. In addition, AVFQHNCQE administration downregulated aortic gene expression of the vasoconstrictor factor endothelin-1 and the endothelial major free radical producer NADPH. Moreover, while no changes in plasma ACE activity were observed after its administration, liver GSH levels were higher in the peptide-treated group than in the water group, which demonstrates that AVFQHNCQE presents antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Amaya Aleixandre
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 280040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisca I Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
- EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain.
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Maestri E, Pavlicevic M, Montorsi M, Marmiroli N. Meta-Analysis for Correlating Structure of Bioactive Peptides in Foods of Animal Origin with Regard to Effect and Stability. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:3-30. [PMID: 33337011 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) sequences of 807 bioactive peptides from foods of animal origin were examined in order to correlate peptide structure with activity (antihypertensive, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and opioid) and stability in vivo. Food sources, such as milk, meat, eggs, and marine products, show different frequencies of bioactive peptides exhibiting specific effects. There is a correlation of peptide structure and effect, depending on type and position of AA. Opioid peptides contain a high percentage of aromatic AA residues, while antimicrobial peptides show an excess of positively charged AAs. AA residue position is significant, with those in the first and penultimate positions having the biggest effects on peptide activity. Peptides that have activity in vivo contain a high percentage (67%) of proline residues, but the positions of proline in the sequence depend on the length of the peptide. We also discuss the influence of processing on activity of these peptides, as well as methods for predicting release from the source protein and activity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Maestri
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Milica Pavlicevic
- Inst. for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michela Montorsi
- Dept. of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open Univ., Via F. Daverio 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy.,Inst. of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- Dept. of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Food Safety, Technologies and Innovation for Agri-food (SITEIA.PARMA), Univ. of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Consorzio Italbiotec, Via Fantoli, 16/15, 20138, Milano, Italy
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Fan H, Xu Q, Hong H, Wu J. Stability and Transport of Spent Hen-Derived ACE-Inhibitory Peptides IWHHT, IWH, and IW in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11347-11354. [PMID: 30280571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ile-Trp-His-His-Thr (IWHHT), initially identified as an ACE inhibitory peptide, was shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in cells and blood pressure lowering activity in animals. IWHHT was degraded into IWH and IW during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability, permeability, and transport pathways of IWHHT, IWH, and IW across intestinal epithelium using human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. IWHHT, IWH, and IW were partly degraded by aminopeptidase N or dipeptidyl peptidase IV, but they were transported intact, with apparent permeability coefficients of (22.0 ± 1.42) × 10-8, (37.5 ± 1.11) × 10-8, and (19.6 ± 0.62) × 10-8 cm s-1, respectively. The results firstly evidenced an important role of aminopeptidase N in cleaving small ACE inhibitory peptides during transport. IWH was transported via both peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) and paracellular route, while IW was via PepT1 and IWHHT was via paracellular route only. Transport of IW implied that hydrophobic peptides (even with a small size), consisting of only highly hydrophobic amino acid residues, might not be transported via paracellular diffusion. This study suggested that all three peptides could pass through the intestinal epithelium and that the degraded IWH and IW might also contribute to the antihypertensive activity of IWHHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
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Pulsed electric fields treatment at different pH enhances the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ovomucin-depleted egg white. Food Chem 2018; 276:164-173. [PMID: 30409580 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) (1.4-1.7 kV/cm, 653-695 kJ/kg) and heating (60 and 80 °C for 10 min) at different pH (4, 5, 7, and 9) on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ovomucin-depleted egg white (OdEW) after in vitro gastrointestinal hydrolysis. PEF and heating (80 °C for 10 min) at pH 4 enhanced the antioxidant activity of the whole hydrolysates, chemically determined using DPPH and ORAC assays. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of protein hydrolysates was assessed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated HT-29 cells using ELISA assay. PEF and heating at pH 4 enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of the whole hydrolysates dose-dependently. Hydrolysates at 1 mg/ml showed similar inhibition (35.5% and 35.9%) of interleukin-8 production, due to PEF treatment and heating (80 °C for 10 min), respectively. Results indicated that prior PEF treatment can analogously enhance both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of OdEW hydrolysates to heating, with potentially reduced thermal input.
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Egg white hydrolysate and peptide reverse insulin resistance associated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in skeletal muscle cells. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1961-1969. [PMID: 29955954 PMCID: PMC6647935 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Excessive formation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in obesity and type-2 diabetes. In skeletal muscle, chronic exposure to TNF-α impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin signaling. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of enzymatic egg white hydrolysate (EWH) and its responsible peptide, IRW, on TNF-α-induced insulin resistance and the underlying molecular mechanisms using rat skeletal muscle cells (L6 cells). Methods Insulin resistance was induced by treating L6 cells with 5 ng/ml TNF-α for 24 h. Effects of EWH and IRW on glucose uptake were detected by glucose uptake assay, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation by immunofluorescence, and western blot, while insulin-signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were investigated using western blot. Results Adding both EWH and IRW significantly improved glucose uptake in TNF-α-treated cells, increased activation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) tyrosine residue and protein kinase B (Akt), whereas decreased activation of IRS-1 serine residue. In addition, TNF-α-induced activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) 1/2 were decreased by either EWH or IRW treatment. Conclusion EWH and IRW improve impaired insulin sensitivity by down-regulating the activation of p38 and JNK1/2 in TNF-α-treated skeletal muscle cells.
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Li S, Liu L, He G, Wu J. Molecular targets and mechanisms of bioactive peptides against metabolic syndromes. Food Funct 2018; 9:42-52. [PMID: 29188845 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are present in all living organisms and have critical roles ranging from protection against infection as the key element of innate immunity, regulating blood pressure and glucose levels, to reducing signs of ageing by killing senescent cells. Bioactive peptides are also encrypted within food protein sequences that can be released during proteolysis or food processing. These specific food protein fragments are reported to have potential for improving human health and preventing metabolic diseases through their impact on inflammation, blood pressure, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. This review mainly focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of bioactive peptides against various metabolic syndromes including inflammation, high blood pressure, obesity, and type-2 diabetes, to provide new insights and perspectives on the potential of bioactive peptides for management of metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Manoharan S, Shuib AS, Abdullah N, Ashrafzadeh A, Kabir N. Gly-Val-Arg, an angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory tripeptide ameliorates hypertension on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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