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Vinayashree S, Hemakumar C, Veeranna RP, Kumar R, Pavithra V, Mahendra VP, Vasu P. In Vitro Studies of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata var. Kashi Harit) Seed Protein Fraction(s) to Evaluate Anticancer and Antidiabetic Properties. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:632-640. [PMID: 38951376 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic diseases like cancer and diabetes are the major public health concerns of India and worldwide. Nowadays, plant-derived products are in great demand for the treatment of these diseases. Pumpkin seeds are traditionally implicated for their pharmacological properties, as exemplified by benign prostatic hyperplasia. Earlier, pumpkin seed proteins were extracted by the Osborne method, and their functional and nutritional qualities were evaluated. Here, the aim is to assess in vitro, the anticancer and antidiabetic properties of seed protein fractions. HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cell lines were treated with water-soluble (WF) and alkali-soluble fractions (AF) to assess cytotoxicity, while pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance (IR) - HepG2 cell lines were treated with WF to evaluate the antidiabetic potential. WF and AF showed cytotoxic effects towards HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, suggesting apoptosis-mediated anticancerous activity. WF potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, in a dose-dependent manner. In IR-HepG2 cell line studies, control, metformin, and WF-treated groups showed uptake of glucose, when compared to the diabetic group, which is well-correlated with the upregulated expressions of GLUT2 and GLUT4 transporters in these groups. These results indicate that proteins from WF and AF may have anticancerous and antidiabetic properties and thus have the potential to utilize pumpkin proteins in the management of cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vinayashree
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - C Hemakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, KS Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravindra P Veeranna
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Xavier University School of Medicine, Xavier University School of Veterinary Medicine, Santa Helenastraat #23, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - V Pavithra
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - V P Mahendra
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India
| | - Prasanna Vasu
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India.
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Wahid M, Saqib F, Abbas G, Shah S, Alshammari A, Albekairi TH, Ali A, Khurm M, Mubarak MS. Cardioprotective and hypotensive mechanistic insights of hydroethanolic extract of Cucumis melo L. kernels in isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxicity based on metabolomics and in silico electrophysiological models. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1277594. [PMID: 38348351 PMCID: PMC10859416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1277594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to threaten health worldwide, and account for a significant portion of deaths and illnesses. In both developing and industrialized nations, they challenge their health systems. There are several traditional uses of Cucurbitaceae seeds in Pakistan, India, Iran, and China, including treating cardiovascular, neurological, and urogenital diseases. Methods: In the present work, integrated techniques of metabolomics profiling and computational cardiomyocyte stimulation were used to investigate possible mechanisms of C. melo in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction. In vitro, vasoconstrictions, paired atria, and in vivo invasive blood pressure measurement models were performed to explore the mechanism of action of C. melo hydroethanolic seed extract (Cm-EtOH). Results: Results showed that Cm-EtOH demonstrates NO-based endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) vasorelaxant response, negative chronotropic and inotropic response in the atrium, and hypotensive effects in normotensive rats. Results also revealed that Cm-EtOH decreases cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reverts the altered gene expressions, biochemical, and metabolites in ISO-induced myocardial infarction (MI) rats. The extract additionally reversed ISO-induced MI-induced oxidative stress, energy consumption, and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, C. melo seeds increased EDRF function, energy production, and antioxidant capacity to treat myocardial and vascular disorders. In computational cardiomyocyte simulation, gallic acid reduced action potential duration, upstroke velocity (dV/dtmax), and effective refractory period. Conclusion: This study highlights the therapeutic potential of C. melo seeds to treat cardiovascular diseases and provides mechanistic insight into its antihypertensive and cardioprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khurm
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Torres-Vanda M, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Mexican Plants Involved in Glucose Homeostasis and Body Weight Control: Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2070. [PMID: 37432178 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, provoking many different diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic-degenerative disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are currently considered public health problems, and their prevalence has increased over the last few years. Because of the high cost involved in the treatment of both diseases, different alternatives have been sought. However, the general population uses medicinal plants, in the form of tea or infusions, to treat different diseases. Therefore, traditional medicine using medicinal plants has been investigated as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes and body weight control. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review is to find medicinal plants used in Mexico that could exert their beneficial effect by regulating insulin secretion and body weight control. MATERIAL AND METHOD For the development of this review, Mexican plants used in traditional medicine to treat type 2 diabetes and body weight control were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria include plants that presented a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and/or an increase in insulin secretion. RESULTS We found 306 Mexican plants with hypoglycemic effects. However, plants that did not show evidence of an increase in insulin secretion were eliminated. Finally, only five plants were included in this review: Momordica charantia L. (melón amargo), Cucurbita ficifolia bouché (chilacayote), Coriandrum sativum L. (cilantro), Persea americana Mill. (aguacate) Bidens pilosa (amor seco), including 39 articles in total. Here, we summarized the plant extracts (aqueous and organic) that have previously been reported to present hypoglycemic effects, body weight control, increased secretion and sensitivity of insulin, improvement of pancreatic β cells, and glucose tolerance. Additionally, these effects may be due to different bioactive compounds present in the plants' extracts. CONCLUSION Both in vivo and in vitro studies are required to understand the mechanism of action of these plant extracts regarding insulin secretion to be used as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes and body weight control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Torres-Vanda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Zhu Y, Bai J, Qian X, Yang X, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Xiao X. Effect of superfine grinding on physical properties, bioaccessibility, and anti-obesity activities of bitter melon powders. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4473-4483. [PMID: 35122268 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bitter melon is widely applied to the treatment of diabetes and obesity, but few studies focus on the processing procedure of bitter melon. The differences in physical properties, bioaccessibility, and anti-obesity activity of bitter melon powder (BMP) produced with or without superfine grinding were investigated to optimize an effective processing procedure. RESULTS Results showed that superfine grinding could improve the physical properties of BMP, represented by greater bulk density, lower water-holding capacity, and higher bioactive compounds' solubilities. Superfine grinding remarkably affected the bioaccessibility of phenolics and the antioxidant capacity of bitter melon during in vitro digestion. Meanwhile, after a 4 week treatment, 25 μm BMP showed a greater anti-obesity activity with reduction in the serum insulin levels from 16.47 to 13.10 mIU L-1 , reversing high-fat-diet-induced glucose intolerance, decreasing levels of serum lipids and hepatic lipid accumulation compared with the high-fat diet group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, superfine grinding was beneficial for improving the physical properties and bioaccessibility, simultaneously facilitating the anti-obesity activity of bitter melon, which will provide a reference for direct utilization of bitter melon as a health food to relieve symptoms of obesity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Juan Bai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiwen Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yansheng Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Chou MC, Lee YJ, Wang YT, Cheng SY, Cheng HL. Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Triterpenoids in the Vines and Leaves of Momordica charantia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031071. [PMID: 35163001 PMCID: PMC8834831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vines and leaves of Momordica charantia L. are used as herbal medicines to treat inflammation-related disorders. However, their safety profile remains uncharacterized, and the constituents in their extracts that exert anti-inflammatory and adverse effects remain unclear. This study isolated the characteristic cucurbitane-type triterpenoid species in the vines and leaves of M. charantia L. and analyzed their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, and underlying mechanisms. Four structurally related triterpenoids—momordicines I, II, IV, and (23E) 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (TCD)—were isolated from the triterpenoid-rich fractions of extracts from the vines and leaves of M. charantia. Momordicine I was cytotoxic on normal cells, momordicine II exerted milder cytotoxicity, and momordicine IV and TCD had no obvious adverse effects on cell growth. TCD had anti-inflammatory activity both in vivo and in vitro. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, TCD inhibited the inhibitor kappa B kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and p38. Thus, the vines and leaves of M. charantia should be used with caution. An extraction protocol that can enrich TCD but remove momordicine I would likely enhance the safety of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chia Chou
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung Branch, Neipu, Pingtung County 912012, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Sports Management, Tajen University, Yanpu, Pingtung County 907101, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jia Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Ting Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan;
| | - Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-7-5916693 (S.-Y.C.); +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5186) (H.-L.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-7-5916693 (S.-Y.C.); +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5186) (H.-L.C.)
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Evary YM, Masyita A, Kurnianto AA, Asri RM, Rifai Y. Molecular docking of phytochemical compounds of Momordica charantia as potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e130122200221. [PMID: 35049440 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220113143358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recently declared as a global public health emergency, where the infection is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Nowadays, there is no specific treatment to cure this infection. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and SARS spike glycoprotein-human ACE2 complex have been recognized as suitable targets for treatment including COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE In our current study, we identified the potential of Momordica charantia as a prospective alternative and a choice in dietary food during pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 bioactive compounds of Momordica charantia were screened for activity against 6LU7 and 6CS2 with AutoDock Vina. RESULTS We found that momordicoside B showed lowest binding energy compared with other compounds. In addition, kuguaglycoside A and cucurbitadienol provide better profiles for drug-like properties based on Lipinski's rule of five. CONCLUSION Our result indicates that these molecules may be further explored as promising candidates against SARS-CoV-2 or just simply suggested that Momordica charantia as one of the best food alternatives to be consumed during pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayu Masyita
- Hasanuddin University, Pharmacy Science and Technology Department
| | | | | | - Yusnita Rifai
- Hasanuddin University, Pharmacy Science and Technology Department
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Singh S, Bansal A, Singh V, Chopra T, Poddar J. Flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids: a new hope for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:941-950. [PMID: 35673446 PMCID: PMC9167359 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by a hyperglycemic state and multi-organ failure. Millions of people worldwide are suffering from this deadly disease taking a hit on their pocket and mental health in the name of its treatment. Modern medical practices with new technological advancements and discoveries have made revolutionary changes in the treatment. But, unfortunately, Glucose-lowering drugs used have many accompanying effects such as chronic vascular disease, renal malfunction, liver disease and, many skin problems. These complications have made us think about alternative treatments for diabetes with minimum or no side effects. Nowadays, in addition to modern medicine, herbal treatment has been suggested to treat diabetes mellitus. These herbal medicines contain biological macromolecules such as flavonoids, Terpenoids, glycosides, and alkaloids, which show versatile anti-diabetic effects. These phytochemicals are generally considered safe, and naturally occurring compounds have a potential role in preventing or controlling diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanism of their anti-diabetic effects includes improvement in insulin secretion, decrease in insulin resistance, enhanced liver glycogen synthesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we have focused on the mechanism of various phytochemicals targeting hyperglycemia and its underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhpal Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, University Research Fellow, Maharishi Markandeswar (Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, 133207 India
| | - Abhishek Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, RAJOURI, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185135 India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Tanya Chopra
- Department Of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207 India
| | - Jit Poddar
- Department of Microbiology, RG Kar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal 700003 India
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Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Various Botanical Types of Melon ( Cucumis melo L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091755. [PMID: 34579288 PMCID: PMC8469201 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the diverse melon cultivars for nutrition aids in crop improvement and promoting a healthy diet. Here, we used in vitro assays to characterize the nutritional qualities and health-beneficial effects of 30 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes, including 10 improved cultivars, 16 landraces, and 4 wild types collected from different parts of India. Two landraces (Sidoota and Alper Green) had the highest (12.20 and 11.25) total soluble solids (TSS) contents. The Sidoota and Pappusa landraces had high reducing sugar contents (2.84 and 2.81 mg g−1 fresh weight [FW]). The highest polyphenols contents (22.0 mg g−1 FW) were observed in the landraces Mage Kaayi-2, Budamekaayi, and Small Melon. Reflecting on the primary and secondary metabolite contents, the Mekke Kaayi and Giriyala landraces exhibited high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (97.6 and 91% at 100 μg mL−1). Additionally, seven of the landraces showed significant nitric oxide (NO) induction activity (>80% inhibition at 200 μg mL−1), indicating their potential health benefits, and seven showed considerable angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity (highest in Kashi Madhu), indicating their potential usefulness in reducing hypertension. Genotypes with high health beneficial compounds identified in this study can be used for breeding improved melon cultivars to promote these fruits as well as a healthy diet.
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Sung WW, Tu JH, Yu JS, Ulfa MZ, Chang JH, Cheng HL. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens exopolysaccharide preparation induces glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion through the activation of bitter taste receptors. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:562-571. [PMID: 34216658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide preparation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amy-1 (EPS) regulates glycemic levels and promotes glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo and in vitro. This study aimed to identify the molecular mechanism underlying EPS-induced GLP-1 secretion. HEK293T cells stably expressing human Gα-gustducin were used as a heterologous system for expressing the genes of human bitter taste receptor (T2R) 10, 14, 30, 38 (PAV), 38 (AVI), 43, and 46, which were expressed as recombinant proteins with an N-terminal tag composed of a Lucy peptide and a human somatostatin receptor subtype 3 fragment for membrane targeting and a C-terminal red fluorescent protein for expression monitoring. EPS induced a dose-dependent calcium response from the human NCI-H716 enteroendocrine cell line revealed by fluorescent calcium imaging, but inhibitors of the G protein-coupled receptor pathway suppressed the response. EPS activated heterologously expressed T2R14 and T2R38 (PAV). shRNAs of T2R14 effectively inhibited EPS-induced calcium response and GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells, suggesting the involvement of T2R14 in these effects. The involvement of T2R38 was not characterized because NCI-H716 cells express T2R38 (AVI). In conclusion, the activation of T2Rs mediates EPS-induced GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine cells, and T2R14 is a critical target activated by EPS in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Sung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hong Tu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Sian Yu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Marisa Zakiya Ulfa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan; Department of Agroindustrial Biotechnology, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Jia-Hong Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan.
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Singh V, Reddy R, Sinha A, Marturi V, Panditharadyula SS, Bala A. A Review on Phytopharmaceuticals having Concomitant Experimental Anti-diabetic and Anti-cancer Effects as Potential Sources for Targeted Therapies Against Insulin-mediated Breast Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716999200831113335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and breast cancer are pathophysiologically similar and clinically established
diseases that co-exist with a wider complex similar molecular signalling and having a similar set of
risk factors. Insulin plays a pivotal role in the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Several
ethnopharmacological evidences shed light on the concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity
of medicinal plant and phytochemicals against breast tumors of patients with diabetes. This present
article reviewed the findings on medicinal plants and phytochemicals with concomitant antidiabetic
and anti-cancer effects reported in scientific literature to facilitate the development of dual-
acting therapies against diabetes and breast cancer. The schematic tabular form of published literature
on medicinal plants (63 plants belongs to 45 families) concluded the dynamics of phytochemicals
against diabetes and breast tumors that could be explored further for the discovery of therapies
for controlling of breast cancer cell invasion and migration in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhavana Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Rakesh Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Venkatesh Marturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Shravani S. Panditharadyula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
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Zhou J, Pan J, Xiang Z, Wang Q, Tong Q, Fang J, Wan L, Chen J. Xiaokeyinshui extract combination, a berberine-containing agent, exerts anti-diabetic and renal protective effects on rats in multi-target mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113098. [PMID: 32726678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaokeyinshui (XKYS) formula, an anti-diabetic formula, was recorded in many ancient Chinese medical books. Xiaokeyinshui extract combination (XEC) originated from this ancient formula, consisting extracts of four herbal drugs, namely, Coptidis Rhizoma, Liriopes Radix, bitter melon, and Cassiae Semen. OBJECTIVE Therapeutic effects of Xiaokeyinshui extract combination (XEC) were assessed on diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herb extracts were prepared and mixed, yielding XEC. XEC were intragastrically given at doses of 260, 380 and 500 mg/kg/d to diabetic rats for 60 days. Anti-diabetic effects of XEC were studied, with measurement of body weight, and assessment of both glycemic control and lipid management. Measurement of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were conducted in accordance to protocols of commercial kits. Parameters related to renal functions were also measured. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to explore the anti-diabetic and renal protective mechanisms of XEC. RESULTS Compared to diabetic control, XEC exhibited significant effects in both glucose-lowering and lipid management (p < 0.01). Both oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were reduced after treatment of XEC for two months. In addition, XEC exhibited renal protective effects. WB analysis of liver tissue demonstrated that XEC achieved anti-diabetic effects through up-regulation of InsRα/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway and phosphorylation of AMPK. In addition, renal protective effects were also achieved with down-regulation of RAGE and VEGF expressions in kidney. CONCLUSIONS XEC exerts promising anti-diabetic and renal protective effects on diabetic rats in multi-target mechanisms. XEC could be a satisfying alternative treating T2DM and preventing diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhinan Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qilin Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Luosheng Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jiachun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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12
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Abstract
Saponins from Momordica charantia L. are a class of triterpenoid glucoside molecules that contribute to the bitter flavour of the plant and possess pharmacological properties. However, little is known about how the bioactivity and bitter flavour of saponins are affected by thermal processing. We established saponin profiles in bitter gourd extracts using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method. Seven saponins including momordicoside F1, momordicoside F2, momordicoside I, momordicoside K, momordicoside L, 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5, 23(E)-dien-19-al, and momordicine I were monitored for the effects of thermal processing on their stabilities. The results showed that both 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al and momordicoside L were extremely sensitive to heat treatment, particularly when they were heated at 100°C for more than 10 mins and under 121°C for 20 mins. Other saponins were reduced significantly by autoclaving, but they remained unchanged at lower temperatures. In conclusion, specific bitter gourd saponins are affected by thermal treatment, which may modify the bioactive components or bitter flavour of the bitter gourd extracts.
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13
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Targeting type II diabetes with plant terpenes: the new and promising antidiabetic therapeutics. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Probiotics Fermented Bitter Melon Juice as Promising Complementary Agent for Diabetes Type 2: Study on Animal Model. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:6369873. [PMID: 32190386 PMCID: PMC7064845 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6369873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia/MC) contains charantin that has antidiabetic properties as an α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidative properties. Lactic acid fermentation using Lactobacillus fermentum LLB3 increased its antioxidative properties. The study was aimed to analyse the difference of the treatment that influences blood glucose and SOD level before and after treatment compared to acarbose. Experimental procedure. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Diabetes type 2 was induced by a single dose (60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) and 120 mg/kg of nicotinamide, intraperitoneally. Following three days of STZ induction, the animals were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were given acarbose 40 mg/100 g feed, MC 10 ml/kg body weight, fermented MC 10 ml/kg body weight, and distilled water, respectively, for 28 days. Glucose and SOD values were measured by spectrophotometer and ELISA, respectively. The difference between pretest and posttest data was analysed using the pair t-test. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD for post hoc analysis. Level of significance was set at 0.05.
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15
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Exopolysaccharides of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens modulate glycemic level in mice and promote glucose uptake of cells through the activation of Akt. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:202-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Popular functional foods and herbs for the management of type-2-diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review with special reference to clinical trials and its proposed mechanism. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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17
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Uysal S, Cvetanović A, Zengin G, Zeković Z, Mahomoodally MF, Bera O. Optimization of Maceration Conditions for Improving the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Effects of Momordica Charantia L. Leaves Through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1599007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sengul Uysal
- Erciyes University, Halil Bayraktar Health Services Vocational College, Kayseri, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aleksandra Cvetanović
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology. Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Zoran Zeković
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Biology. Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Oskar Bera
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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18
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Gamede M, Mabuza L, Ngubane P, Khathi A. Plant-Derived Oleanolic Acid (OA) Ameliorates Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in a Diet-Induced Pre-Diabetic Rat Model: Effects on Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020340. [PMID: 30669379 PMCID: PMC6359497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of prediabetes is associated with risk factors such as chronic consumption of an unhealthy diet. Recent studies have reported that diet-induced pre-diabetes is also associated with risk factors of cardiovascular complications, hence this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on pre-diabetes rats. Pre-diabetes was induced by chronic exposure of Sprague Dawley rats (SD) to high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (20 weeks), whereas the non-pre-diabetes control (NC) was given standard rat chow. Pre-diabetes animals were grouped into five groups namely prediabetes control (PC), metformin treated (Met), metformin with diet intervention (Met + DI), oleanolic acid treated (OA), and oleanolic acid with diet intervention (OA + DI) then treated for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, all animals were sacrificed where organs and tissues were harvested for biochemical analysis and histological studies. The results showed that PC had a significantly higher triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and hearts weights in comparison to NC (p < 0.05). However, the administration of OA, in both the presence and absence of dietary intervention showed a significant decrease in TGs, LDL-C, IL-6, TNFα, CRP, MAP, hearts weights (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of OA was able to lower the risks of developing CVDs in pre-diabetes rat model through ameliorating dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, and low-grade inflammation. Therefore OA has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment to prevent the onset of CVDs during pre-diabetes stage even in the absence of dietary and lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlindeli Gamede
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Lindokuhle Mabuza
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
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19
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Yue J, Sun Y, Xu J, Cao J, Chen G, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Cucurbitane triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica charantia L. and their anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-hepatoma activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:21-27. [PMID: 30352327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a popular vegetable and traditional folk medicine, that has been used for hundreds of years. In this study, three undescribed cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides furpyronecucurbitane A, goyaglycoside I and charantagenin F along with nine known compounds were isolated from the immature fruit of Momordica charantia L. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopy analysis. All isolated compounds were examined for their anti-hepatic fibrosis activity against murine hepatic stellate cells (t-HSC/Cl-6) and anti-hepatoma activity against two kinds of liver cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B). Among them, karaviloside III exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against activated t-HSC/Cl-6 cells and cytotoxic activity against Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.74 ± 0.13, 16.68 ± 2.07 and 4.12 ± 0.36 μM, respectively, which may potential to be developed as a chemotherapy agent for treatment hepatic fibrosis or carcinoma and protection against both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Yue
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqing Cao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixing Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Cheng HL, Yang MH, Anggriani R, Chang CI. Comparison of Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Structurally Similar Triterpenoids Isolated from Bitter Melon. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L., or bitter melon, has been suggested to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. In a previous study, three structurally similar triterpenes, namely 5β,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,19-diol (EMCD), 5β,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3β-ol (EMCO), and 5β,19-epoxy-19,25-dimethoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3β-ol (EDMO), were isolated from bitter melon. EMCD has been shown to exhibit in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activities of EMCD, EMCO, and EDMO were compared. All three compounds were toxic to the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line but not the FL83B cells. EMCD and EMCO inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in FL83B cells, and the IC50 values were 19.8 and 25.7 μM, respectively. By contrast, EDMO did not effectively reduce iNOS expression. Furthermore, EMCD and EMCO suppressed other TNF-α-induced proinflammatory signals including the activation of inhibitor kappa B kinase complex, the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, and the activation of c-Jun kinase. EMCD consistently exhibited a higher efficacy than did EMCO in these assays. Hence, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of EMCD was tested. EMCD clearly repressed 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice. In conclusion, differences in the functional group on carbon 19 do affect the anti-inflammatory activities of EMCD, EMCO, and EDMO. EMCD exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity among these molecules, and its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hao Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Rista Anggriani
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Brawijaya University, Jalan Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Rd., Neipu Township, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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21
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Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2555. [PMID: 29182587 PMCID: PMC5751158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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22
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Sun W, Sun J, Zhang B, Xing Y, Yu X, Li X, Xiu Z, Dong Y. Baicalein improves insulin resistance via regulating SOCS3 and enhances the effect of acarbose on diabetes prevention. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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23
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Urasaki N, Takagi H, Natsume S, Uemura A, Taniai N, Miyagi N, Fukushima M, Suzuki S, Tarora K, Tamaki M, Sakamoto M, Terauchi R, Matsumura H. Draft genome sequence of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), a vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions. DNA Res 2017; 24:51-58. [PMID: 28028039 PMCID: PMC5381343 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is an important vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions globally. In this study, the draft genome sequence of a monoecious bitter gourd inbred line, OHB3-1, was analyzed. Through Illumina sequencing and de novo assembly, scaffolds of 285.5 Mb in length were generated, corresponding to ∼84% of the estimated genome size of bitter gourd (339 Mb). In this draft genome sequence, 45,859 protein-coding gene loci were identified, and transposable elements accounted for 15.3% of the whole genome. According to synteny mapping and phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes, bitter gourd was more related to watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) than to cucumber (Cucumis sativus) or melon (C. melo). Using RAD-seq analysis, 1507 marker loci were genotyped in an F2 progeny of two bitter gourd lines, resulting in an improved linkage map, comprising 11 linkage groups. By anchoring RAD tag markers, 255 scaffolds were assigned to the linkage map. Comparative analysis of genome sequences and predicted genes determined that putative trypsin-inhibitor and ribosome-inactivating genes were distinctive in the bitter gourd genome. These genes could characterize the bitter gourd as a medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Urasaki
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Satoshi Natsume
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Aiko Uemura
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Taniai
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Norimichi Miyagi
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiko Tarora
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Moritoshi Tamaki
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Moriaki Sakamoto
- Okinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Itoman, Okinawa 901-0336, Japan
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
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Hu S, Wang YH, Avula B, Wang M, Khan IA. Separation of cucurbitane triterpenoids from bitter melon drinks and determination of partition coefficients using vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction followed by UHPLC analysis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2238-2245. [PMID: 28371276 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, effective method applying vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction before ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and evaporative light scattering detection was developed for the analysis of four cucurbitane triterpenoids (momordicoside L, momordicoside K, momordicoside F2 , and 3β,7β,25-trihydroxy cucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al) in bitter melon juices. Variables affecting the extraction efficiency including different extraction solvents, volume of extraction solvent, salt amount, acid condition, vortex speed and time were optimized thoroughly. Under the optimum conditions, precision was determined by the intra- and inter-day tests in a range of 1.1-5.7% and 2.9-4.0% (RSD), respectively, with recoveries between 95.7 and 106.1%. The calibration curves showed good linearity with square correlation coefficient of 0.9936-0.9991 (evaporative light scattering detection) and 0.9858-0.9989 (MS). The detection limits ranged from 0.8-1.9 ng/mL (MS) to 3-10 ng/mL (evaporative light scattering detection) for these compounds. Enrichment factors of four target compounds were between 27 and 63 times. The proposed method was also used to determine the apparent solvent/water partition coefficients of analytes within the range of 53-120. The developed method can effectively enrich and quantify cucurbitane triterpenoids from bitter melon drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, USA
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25
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Liu L, Zhang X, Chen F, Hu J, Zeng B. The establishment of insulin resistance model. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20170803005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zheng T, Hao X, Wang Q, Chen L, Jin S, Bian F. Entada phaseoloides extract suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:691-699. [PMID: 27742409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seed of Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. (Entada phaseoloides) has been long used as a folk medicine for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus by Chinese ethnic minorities. Recent reports have demonstrated that total saponins from Entada phaseoloides (TSEP) could reduce fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats. However, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of TSEP on type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary mouse hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were used to investigate the effects of TSEP on gluconeogenesis. After treatment with TSEP, glucose production, genes expression levels of Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and Phosphoenoylpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) were detected. The efficacy and underlying mechanism of TSEP on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway were determinated. RESULTS TSEP significantly inhibited glucose production and the gluconeogenic gene expression. Treatment with TSEP elevated the phosphorylation of AMPK, which in turn promoted the phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme A (ACC) and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), respectively. Furthermore, TSEP reduced lipid accumulation and improved insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that TSEP exerts an antidiabetic effect by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis via the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qibin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Fang Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangyang Central Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, China.
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Gao YF, Zhang MN, Wang TX, Wu TC, Ai RD, Zhang ZS. Hypoglycemic effect of D-chiro-inositol in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 433:26-34. [PMID: 27212205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was used on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to clarify more details of the mechanism in the therapy of T2DM. D-chiro-inositol (DCI) was administrated to the diabetic rats as two doses [30, 60 mg/(kg·body weight·day)]. The biochemical indices revealed that DCI had a positive effect on hypoglycemic activity and promoted the glycogen synthesis. The rats in DCI high-dosage group had a blood glucose reduction rate of 21.5% after 5 weeks of treatment, and had insulin content in serum about 15.3 ± 2.37 mIU/L which was significantly decreased than diabetes control group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results revealed that DCI gave a positive regulation on glycogen synthase (GS) and protein glucose transporter-4 (Glut4). Western blotting suggested that DCI could up-regulated the expression of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) p85, PI3Kp110, GS as well as the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) both in the liver and the skeletal muscle. The results also revealed that DCI enhanced the Glut4 expression on skeletal muscle. Above all, DCI played a positive role in regulating insulin-mediated glucose uptake through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Meng-Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tian-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tian-Chen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ru-Dan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ze-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Giovannini P, Howes MJR, Edwards SE. Medicinal plants used in the traditional management of diabetes and its sequelae in Central America: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 184:58-71. [PMID: 26924564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Globally 387 million people currently have diabetes and it is projected that this condition will be the 7th leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. As of 2012, its total prevalence in Central America (8.5%) was greater than the prevalence in most Latin American countries and the population of this region widely use herbal medicine. The aim of this study is to review the medicinal plants used to treat diabetes and its sequelae in seven Central American countries: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a literature review and extracted from primary sources the plant use reports in traditional remedies that matched one of the following disease categories: diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, urinary problems, skin diseases and infections, cardiovascular disease, sexual dysfunctions, visual loss, and nerve damage. Use reports were entered in a database and data were analysed in terms of the highest number of use reports for diabetes management and for the different sequelae. We also examined the scientific evidence that might support the local uses of the most reported species. RESULTS Out of 535 identified species used to manage diabetes and its sequelae, 104 species are used to manage diabetes and we found in vitro and in vivo preclinical experimental evidence of hypoglycaemic effect for 16 of the 20 species reported by at least two sources. However, only seven of these species are reported in more than 3 studies: Momordica charantia L., Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. ex Cass., Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, Persea americana Mill., Psidium guajava L., Anacardium occidentale L. and Hamelia patens Jacq. Several of the species that are used to manage diabetes in Central America are also used to treat conditions that may arise as its consequence such as kidney disease, urinary problems and skin conditions. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of the medicinal plants used to manage diabetes and its sequelae in Central America and of the current scientific knowledge that might explain their traditional use. In Central America a large number of medicinal plants are used to treat this condition and its sequelae, although relatively few species are widely used across the region. For the species used to manage diabetes, there is variation in the availability and quality of pharmacological, chemical and clinical studies to explain traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Giovannini
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, United Kingdom; Centre for Biocultural Diversity, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, United Kingdom.
| | - Melanie-Jayne R Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Edwards
- Medicinal Plant Name Services, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3 AB, United Kingdom; Center for Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, Univ. London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Anti-diabetic functional foods as sources of insulin secreting, insulin sensitizing and insulin mimetic agents. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Goyal M. Traditional plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Sursagar constituency, Jodhpur, Rajasthan - An ethnomedicinal survey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:364-368. [PMID: 26325432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Jodhpur, large number of people suffering with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes). They are using medicinal plants along with modern medicine for the management of diabetes. The aim of this work is to document the anti-diabetic plants and determine the most relevant anti-diabetic plant species using the Disease Consensus Index. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnomedicinal survey was conducted for selection of anti-diabetic plant. Structured questionnaire was developed for calculation of Disease Consensus Index and administered to fifty Type 2 diabetic patients for recording their response. RESULTS Twenty-one species of anti-diabetic plants were recorded, Momordica charantia (score: 0.71), Azadirachta indica (score: 0.64), Trigonella foenum-graecum (score: 0.63), Capparis decidua (score: 0.60), Withania coagulans (score: 0.54), Gymnema sylvestre (score: 0.52) and Syzygium cumini (score: 0.51) were the most significant anti-diabetic plants of the area of study, having DCI more than 0.5. CONCLUSIONS Use of anti-diabetic plants is prevalent diabetic patients of the area. C. decidua, W. coagulans and G. sylvestre are recommend the further phytochemical and pharmacological investigation due to high DCI score and relatively unexplored status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Goyal
- Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Pharmacy Wing, Jodhpur, 342008 Rajasthan, India.
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Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Red bayberry extract prevents high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in C57BL/6 mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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