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Weber AM, Barbazza S, Fauzi MD, Rachmadewi A, Zuhrina R, Putri FK, Campos Ponce M, Hoeven MVD, Rimbawan R, Nasution Z, Giriwono PE, Wieringa FT, Soekarjo DD, Ryan EP. Solutions to Enhance Health with Alternative Treatments (SEHAT) protocol: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial for gut microbiota-targeted treatment of severe acute malnutrition using rice bran in ready-to-use therapeutic foods in Indonesia. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076805. [PMID: 38000818 PMCID: PMC10680013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current formulations of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) to treat severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children focus on nutrient density and quantity. Less attention is given to foods targeting gut microbiota metabolism and mucosal barrier functions. Heat-stabilised rice bran contains essential nutrients, prebiotics, vitamins and unique phytochemicals that have demonstrated favourable bioactivity to modulate gut microbiota composition and mucosal immunity. This study seeks to examine the impact of RUTF with rice bran on the microbiota during SAM treatment, recovery and post-treatment growth outcomes in Jember, Indonesia. Findings are expected to provide insights into rice bran as a novel food ingredient to improve SAM treatment outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of 200 children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated SAM (weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) <-3, or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <115 mm or having bilateral pitting oedema +/++) or approaching SAM (WHZ<-2.5) will be enrolled in a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Children in the active control arm will receive a locally produced RUTF; those in the intervention arm will receive the local RUTF with 5% rice bran. Children will receive daily RUTF treatment for 8 weeks and be monitored for 8 weeks of follow-up. Primary outcomes include the effectiveness of RUTF as measured by changes in weight, WHO growth z-scores, MUAC and morbidity. Secondary outcomes include modulation of the gut microbiome and dried blood spot metabolome, the percentage of children recovered at weeks 8 and 12, and malnutrition relapse at week 16. An intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted for each outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The findings of this trial will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at relevant conferences. Ethics approval obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Madain Yogyakarta Ref. No.: KE/FK/0546/EC/2022 and KE/FK/0703/EC/2023 and from Colorado State University IRB#1823, OHRP FWA00000647. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05319717.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Weber
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Silvia Barbazza
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moretta D Fauzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Maiza Campos Ponce
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rimbawan Rimbawan
- South East Asia Food and Agriculture Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Zuraidah Nasution
- South East Asia Food and Agriculture Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Puspo E Giriwono
- South East Asia Food and Agriculture Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Frank T Wieringa
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, Institut Agro, CIRAD, IRD, Avignon University and University of Reunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Barros Santos MC, Barouh N, Lullien-Pellerin V, Micard V, Villeneuve P, Zhou B, Oger C, Vigor C, Durand T, Ferreira MSL, Bourlieu-Lacanal C, Ryan EP. Rice Bran Lipidome Identifies Novel Phospholipids, Glycolipids, and Oxylipins with Roles in Lipid Metabolism of Hypercholesterolemic Children. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200111. [PMID: 36461912 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The purpose of the study is to characterize the chemical diversity in rice bran (RB) lipidome and determines whether daily RB consumption for 4 weeks may modulate plasma lipid profiles in children. METHODS AND RESULTS Untargeted and targeted lipidomics via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) are applied to identify bioactive RB lipids from a collection of 17 rice varieties. To determine the impact of RB (Calrose-USA variety) supplementation on plasma lipid profile, a secondary analysis of plasma lipidome is conducted on data recorded in a clinical study (NCT01911390, n = 18 moderately hypercholesterolemic children) before and after 4 weeks of dietary intervention with a control or RB supplemented (15 g day-1 ) snack. Untargeted lipidomic reveals 118 lipids as the core of lipidome across all varieties among which phospholipids are abundant and oxylipins present. Phytoprostanes and phytofurans are quantified and characterized. Lipidome analysis of the children plasma following RB consumption reveals the presence of polar lipids and oxylipins alongside putative modulations in endocannabinoids associated with RB consumption. CONCLUSION The investigation of novel polar lipids, oxylipins, phytoprostanes, and phytofurans in RB extracts provides support for new health-promoting properties interesting for people at risk for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millena Cristina Barros Santos
- Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- UMR IATE, UM/INRAE/Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Valérie Micard
- UMR IATE, UM/INRAE/Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Bingqing Zhou
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, F-34090, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, F-34090, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, F-34090, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, F-34090, France
| | - Mariana Simões Larraz Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Weber AM, Baxter BA, McClung A, Lamb MM, Becker-Dreps S, Vilchez S, Koita O, Wieringa F, Ryan EP. Arsenic speciation in rice bran: Agronomic practices, postharvest fermentation, and human health risk assessment across the lifespan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117962. [PMID: 34418860 PMCID: PMC8556161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exposure is a global public health concern affecting millions worldwide and stems from drinking water and foods containing As. Here, we assessed how agronomic practices and postharvest fermentation techniques influence As concentrations in rice bran, and calculated health risks from consumption. A global suite of 53 rice brans were tested for total As and speciation. Targeted quantification of inorganic As (iAs) concentrations in rice bran were used to calculate Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) across the lifespan. Mean iAs was highest in Thailand rice bran samples (0.619 mg kg-1) and lowest in Guatemala (0.017 mg kg-1) rice bran samples. When comparing monosodium-methanearsonate (MSMA) treated and the Native-soil counterpart under the irrigation technique Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) management, the MSMA treatment had significantly higher total As (p = 0.022), and iAs (p = 0.016). No significant differences in As concentrations were found between conventional and organic production, nor between fermented and non-fermented rice bran. Health risk assessment calculations for the highest iAs-rice bran dosage scenario for adults, children and infants exceeded THQ and LCR thresholds, and LCR was above threshold for median iAs-rice bran. This environmental exposure investigation into rice bran provides novel information with food safety guidance for an emerging global ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Weber
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Bridget A Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Anna McClung
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - Molly M Lamb
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7595, USA
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Ousmane Koita
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Frank Wieringa
- Alimentation, Nutrition, Santé (E6), UMR95 QualiSud, University of Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de La Reunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Ghimire S, Wongkuna S, Sankaranarayanan R, Ryan EP, Bhat GJ, Scaria J. Positive Synergistic Effects of Quercetin and Rice Bran on Human Gut Microbiota Reduces Enterobacteriaceae Family Abundance and Elevates Propionate in a Bioreactor Model. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:751225. [PMID: 34659185 PMCID: PMC8516403 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.751225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber and flavonoids have substantial influence on the human gut microbiota composition that significantly impact health. Recent studies with dietary supplements such as quercetin and rice bran have shown beneficial impacts on the host alongside a positive influence of the gut microbiota. The specific bacterial species impacted by quercetin or rice bran in the diet is not well understood. In this study, we used a minibioreactor array system as a model to determine the effect of quercetin and rice bran individually, as well as in combination, on gut microbiota without the confounding host factors. We found that rice bran exerts higher shift in gut microbiome composition when compared to quercetin. At the species level, Acidaminococcus intestini was the only significantly enriched taxa when quercetin was supplemented, while 15 species were enriched in rice bran supplementation and 13 were enriched when quercetin and rice bran were supplemented in combination. When comparing the short chain fatty acid production, quercetin supplementation increased isobutyrate production while propionate dominated the quercetin and rice bran combined group. Higher levels of propionate were highly correlated to the lower abundance of the potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae family. These findings suggest that the combination of quercetin and rice bran serve to enrich beneficial bacteria and reduce potential opportunistic pathogens. In vivo studies are necessary to determine how this synergy of quercetin and rice bran on microbiota impact host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Ghimire
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.,South Dakota Center for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Supapit Wongkuna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.,South Dakota Center for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Ranjini Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - G Jayarama Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.,South Dakota Center for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD, United States
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Basak S, Gokhale J. Immunity boosting nutraceuticals: Current trends and challenges. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13902. [PMID: 34467553 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The immune function of the human body is highly influenced by the dietary intake of certain nutrients and bioactive compounds present in foods. The preventive effects of these bioactive ingredients against various diseases have been well investigated. Functional foods are consumed across various diverse cultures, in some form or the other, which provide benefits greater than the basic nutritional needs. Novel functional foods are being developed using novel bioactive ingredients such as probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and various phytoconstituents, which have a range of immunomodulatory properties. Apart from immunomodulation, these ingredients also affect immunity by their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. The global pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 has forced the scientific community to race against time to find a proper and effective drug or a vaccine. In this review, various non-pharmacological interventions using nutraceuticals and functional foods have been discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Despite a plethora of research being undertaken to understand the immunity boosting properties of the various bioactive present in food, the findings are not translating to nutraceutical products in the market. Immunity has proved to be one of the most important factors for the health and well-being of an individual, especially when the world has been under the grip of the novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. The anti-inflammatory properties of various nutraceuticals can come out as potential inhibitors of the various inflammatory processes such as cytokine storms, usually being observed in COVID 19. This review gives an insight into how various nutraceuticals can help in the prevention of various diseases through different mechanisms. The lack of awareness and proper clinical trials pose a challenge to the nutraceutical industry. This review will help and encourage researchers to further design and develop various functional foods, which might help in building immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Basak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Jyoti Gokhale
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Santos MCB, Barouh N, Durand E, Baréa B, Robert M, Micard V, Lullien-Pellerin V, Villeneuve P, Cameron LC, Ryan EP, Ferreira MSL, Bourlieu-Lacanal C. Metabolomics of Pigmented Rice Coproducts Applying Conventional or Deep Eutectic Extraction Solvents Reveal a Potential Antioxidant Source for Human Nutrition. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020110. [PMID: 33671946 PMCID: PMC7919034 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran (RB) corresponds to the outer layers of whole grain rice and contains several phenolic compounds (PCs) that make it an interesting functional food ingredient. PC richness is enhanced in pigmented RB varieties and requires effective ways of extraction of these compounds. Therefore, we investigated conventional and deep eutectic solvents (DES) extraction methods to recover a wide array of PCs from red and black RB. The RB were extracted with ethanol/water (60:40, v/v) and two DES (choline chloride/1.2-propanediol/water, 1:1:1 and choline chloride/lactic acid, 1:10, mole ratios), based on Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) components. Besides the quantification of the most typical phenolic acids of cereals, nontargeted metabolomic approaches were applied to PCs profiling in the extracts. Globally, metabolomics revealed 89 PCs belonging to flavonoids (52%), phenolic acids (33%), other polyphenols (8%), lignans (6%) and stilbenes (1%) classes. All extracts, whatever the solvents, were highly concentrated in the main phenolic acids found in cereals (37–66 mg/100 g in black RB extracts vs. 6–20 mg/100 g in red RB extracts). However, the PC profile was highly dependent on the extraction solvent and specific PCs were extracted using the acidic DES. The PC-enriched DES extracts demonstrated interesting DPPH scavenging activity, which makes them candidates for novel antioxidant formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millena Cristina Barros Santos
- LabBio, Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, PPGAN, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
- IMasS-LBP, Center of Innovation in MS-Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
| | - Nathalie Barouh
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Erwann Durand
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Bruno Baréa
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Mélina Robert
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Valérie Micard
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | | | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
| | - Luiz Claudio Cameron
- IMasS-LBP, Center of Innovation in MS-Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Mariana Simões Larraz Ferreira
- LabBio, Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, PPGAN, Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
- IMasS-LBP, Center of Innovation in MS-Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.F.); (C.B.-L.); Tel.: +55-21-25427269 (M.S.L.F.); +33-(0)-4-67-61-49-77 (C.B.-L.)
| | - Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal
- CIRAD, UMR IATE, 34398 Montpellier, France; (N.B.); (E.D.); (B.B.); (M.R.); (P.V.)
- IATE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34000 Montpellier, France; (V.M.); (V.L.-P.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.L.F.); (C.B.-L.); Tel.: +55-21-25427269 (M.S.L.F.); +33-(0)-4-67-61-49-77 (C.B.-L.)
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Saeidi E, Mansoori Yarahmadi H, Fakhraei J, Mojahedi S. Effect of Feeding Fructooligosaccharides and Enterococcus faecium and Their Interaction on Digestibility, Blood, and Immune Parameters of Adult Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 99:103410. [PMID: 33781429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of dietary prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from inulin and Enterococcus faecium on nutrient digestibility, fecal pH, and some blood parameters. In this experiment, twelve adult Kurdish horses with average bogy weight of 416 ± 43.3 kg and age averaging 6 ± 1.8 year were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial design during 4 periods of 28 days, including 21 days for dietary adaptation and 7 days for sampling. Horses were offered 1 of 4 treatments: (1) no FOS or 2.5 × 1011 colony forming units (CFU) of Enterococcus faecium supplementation (Con), (2) 10 g of FOS without Enterococcus faecium supplementation (Pre), (3) 10 g of Enterococcus faecium without FOS supplementation (Pro), and (4) 10 g of FOS plus 10 g of Enterococcus faecium supplementation (Mix). Results showed that fecal pH decreased in horses fed Pre or Pro treatments compared with those not supplemented (P < .05). Also, triglyceride and cholesterol decreased when Pre was added to the diets (P < .05). The concentration of triglyceride and cholesterol decreased in horses fed the Mix and Pro diets. Pre × Pro supplementation interactions were significant for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration and tended to be significant for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration, and horses fed the Mix treatment had the greatest and the lowest concentration of HDL and LDL, respectively (P < .01). The IgM concentration was greater in horses fed Pre or Pro compared with those not supplemented (P < .05). The treatments had no effect on IgA, IgG or liver enzymes concentration. Moreover, results indicated that FOS and Enterococcus faecium adding may interact to affect blood parameters, but did not affect nutrient digestibility under our experimental conditions, therefore further researches with higher supplementary doses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Saeidi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Fakhraei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mojahedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Boontiam W, Wachirapakorn C, Wattanachai S. Growth performance and hematological changes in growing pigs treated with Cordyceps militaris spent mushroom substrate. Vet World 2020; 13:768-773. [PMID: 32546924 PMCID: PMC7245730 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.768-773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of dietary Cordyceps militaris spent mushroom substrate (CMS) on growth performance, immunity, metabolic profiles, and antioxidant capacity in growing pigs. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two crossbred growing pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 25.78±0.33 kg were allotted into two dietary treatments in six pens (six growing pigs each). Dietary treatments were (i) control and (ii) supplemented group with 2 g/kg CMS. Results: Growing pigs fed with 2 g/kg CMS showed improvements in final BW (p=0.034) and average daily weight gain (p=0.039). Moreover, there were positive changes in immunoglobulin A (p=0.013), immunoglobulin G (p=0.019), total antioxidant capacity (p=0.001), and glutathione peroxidase activity (p=0.003), whereas decreased leukocyte percentage (p=0.002), cholesterol (p=0.023), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (p=0.002) were noted in the CMS supplemented treatment. Average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratio, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were unaffected by the treatments. Conclusion: Supplementation of CMS at 2g/kg of diet increases growth performance, immunoglobulin secretion, and antioxidant capacity, whereas it lowers leukocyte percentage, cholesterol, and MDA concentrations in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waewaree Boontiam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chalong Wachirapakorn
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suchat Wattanachai
- Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kalita P. Rice - not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ricke SC, Lee SI, Kim SA, Park SH, Shi Z. Prebiotics and the poultry gastrointestinal tract microbiome. Poult Sci 2020; 99:670-677. [PMID: 32029153 PMCID: PMC7587714 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed additives that can modulate the poultry gastrointestinal tract and provide benefit to bird performance and health have recently received more interest for commercial applications. Such feed supplements offer an economic advantage because they may directly benefit poultry producers by either decreasing mortality rates of farm animals, increasing bird growth rates, or improve feed efficieny. They can also limit foodborne pathogen establishment in bird flocks by modifying the gastrointestinal microbial population. Prebiotics are known as non-digestible carbohydrates that selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria, thus improving the overall health of the host. Once prebiotics are introduced to the host, 2 major modes of action can potentially occur. Initially, the corresponding prebiotic reaches the intestine of the chicken without being digested in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract but are selectively utilized by certain bacteria considered beneficial to the host. Secondly, other gut activities occur due to the presence of the prebiotic, including generation of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid as microbial fermentation products, a decreased rate of pathogen colonization, and potential bird health benefits. In the current review, the effect of prebiotics on the gastrointestinal tract microbiome will be discussed as well as future directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Ricke
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701.
| | - Sang In Lee
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
| | - Si Hong Park
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
| | - Zhaohao Shi
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
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Martillanes S, Rocha-Pimienta J, Gil MV, Ayuso-Yuste MC, Delgado-Adámez J. Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of rice bran (Oryza sativa L.) extracts in a mayonnaise-type emulsion. Food Chem 2019; 308:125633. [PMID: 31644968 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different bran extracts and concentrations, and their influence on the parameters of a mayonnaise-type emulsion. To that end, first ethanol and then water were used to extract two rice bran extracts (RBE) from rice bran. Both these extracts were then added at two different concentrations (0.5 and 2%) to the emulsions that were subsequently analysed after seven days under two different storage temperatures, 4 °C and 20 °C. The antioxidant and antimicrobial ability of the extracts were evaluated, along with a control and a synthetic antioxidant. Results indicate the positive effect of rice bran extracts as additives in the food matrix. Ethanolic rice bran extract (EE) at 2% decreased the oxidation as well as mould and yeast proliferation and preserved the emulsion structure, while the other treatments acted in a similar way although their effect was less pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martillanes
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; Agricultural Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Pimienta
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Victoria Gil
- IACYS-Unidad de Química Verde y Desarrollo Sostenible, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Concepción Ayuso-Yuste
- Agricultural Engineering School, University of Extremadura, Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; University Research Institute of Agricultural Resources, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jonathan Delgado-Adámez
- Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture (INTAEX), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain.
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12
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Zambrana LE, McKeen S, Ibrahim H, Zarei I, Borresen EC, Doumbia L, Boré A, Cissoko A, Douyon S, Koné K, Perez J, Perez C, Hess A, Abdo Z, Sangaré L, Maiga A, Becker-Dreps S, Yuan L, Koita O, Vilchez S, Ryan EP. Rice bran supplementation modulates growth, microbiota and metabolome in weaning infants: a clinical trial in Nicaragua and Mali. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13919. [PMID: 31558739 PMCID: PMC6763478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran supplementation provides nutrients, prebiotics and phytochemicals that enhance gut immunity, reduce enteric pathogens and diarrhea, and warrants attention for improvement of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in children. EED is a subclinical condition associated with stunting due to impaired nutrient absorption. This study investigated the effects of rice bran supplementation on weight for age and length for age z-scores (WAZ, LAZ), EED stool biomarkers, as well as microbiota and metabolome signatures in weaning infants from 6 to 12 months old that reside in Nicaragua and Mali. Healthy infants were randomized to a control (no intervention) or a rice bran group that received daily supplementation with increasing doses at each month (1–5 g/day). Stool microbiota were characterized using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Stool metabolomes were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Statistical comparisons were completed at 6, 8, and 12 months of age. Daily consumption of rice bran was safe and feasible to support changes in LAZ from 6–8 and 8–12 months of age in Nicaragua and Mali infants when compared to control. WAZ was significantly improved only for Mali infants at 8 and 12 months. Mali and Nicaraguan infants showed major differences in the overall gut microbiota and metabolome composition and structure at baseline, and thus each country cohort demonstrated distinct microbial and metabolite profile responses to rice bran supplementation when compared to control. Rice bran is a practical dietary intervention strategy that merits development in rice-growing regions that have a high prevalence of growth stunting due to malnutrition and diarrheal diseases. Rice is grown as a staple food, and the bran is used as animal feed or wasted in many low- and middle-income countries where EED and stunting is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Zambrana
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Starin McKeen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Hend Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Erica C Borresen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Lassina Doumbia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Boré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alima Cissoko
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Douyon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Karim Koné
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Johann Perez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Claudia Perez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Ann Hess
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Lansana Sangaré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ababacar Maiga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7595, USA
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ousmane Koita
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP: 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua.
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Shibayama J, Goto M, Kuda T, Fukunaga M, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Effect of rice bran fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum on gut microbiome of mice fed high-sucrose diet. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:811-821. [PMID: 31965847 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the effect of rice bran (RB) and fermented RB (FRB) in a high-sucrose and low-dietary fibre diet on the gut microbiome, the in vitro bile acid-lowering capacity and caecal microbiota of ICR mice fed with 20% RB or FRB diets for two weeks were determined. The caecal microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The in vitro bile acid-lowering capacity was high for FRB. In mouse experiments, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol were generally lower with FRB, although the faecal frequency was highest in mice fed with RB. The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's indices for alpha-diversity in the microbiome of mice fed with RB and FRB, were higher than mice fed the control diet. At the phylum level in the caecal microbiome, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were high with FRB and RB, respectively. At the operational taxonomic unit level, some bacterial groups related to diabetes and gut toxicity, such as Lachnospiraceae and Enterorhabdus mucosicola, were high for RB but not for FRB diets. These results suggest that FRB, rather than RB, intake improve the intestinal environment and blood lipid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shibayama
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - M Goto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - T Kuda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - M Fukunaga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - B Kimura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-city, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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Bodie AR, Micciche AC, Atungulu GG, Rothrock MJ, Ricke SC. Current Trends of Rice Milling Byproducts for Agricultural Applications and Alternative Food Production Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Velasquez-Munoz A, Manriquez D, Paudyal S, Han H, Callan R, Ryan EP, Pinedo P. Effect of prebiotic supplementation with stabilized rice bran in milk of pre-weaned organic Holstein calves. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:53. [PMID: 30732598 PMCID: PMC6367819 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first month of life possess significant challenges for dairy calves due to high susceptibility to digestive diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prebiotic supplementation with stabilized rice bran (SRB) in milk on health, immunity, and performance of pre-weaned organic dairy calves. Holstein heifer calves (n = 90) were enrolled at 6 ± 1 days old and monitored for 28 days, from July to August 2017. Calves were randomly assigned to a control (CTR; n = 45) or a treatment group (SRB; n = 45). The CTR group received milk alone and the SRB group received 120 g of SRB per day in milk to achieve a 10% w/w dose of the total calories. Daily health evaluations were conducted to score health status and disease severity (healthy, slightly affected, moderately or severely sick) of calves, through integrated assessment of diarrhea, dehydration, attitude, and milk intake. Body weights and fecal IgA quantification were completed on the first and last day of the study. RESULTS Overall, weight gain and fecal IgA concentrations were not affected by the dietary addition of SRB. The total number of calf-days classified as healthy or sick were not different between treatment groups. Similarly, the number of calf-days categorized as slightly affected, moderately sick, or severely sick did not differ between treatment groups. Time to event analyses indicated a tendency for a treatment effect in the time to the first moderate case of diarrhea (P = 0.08), as well as in the time to recovery from diarrhea (P = 0.052), favoring control calves. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the dietary addition of SRB in milk did not have an effect in health, immunity or performance of pre-weaned dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Velasquez-Munoz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Diego Manriquez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Sushil Paudyal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Hyungchul Han
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
- Animal and Veterinary Science Department, California Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA
| | - Robert Callan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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Saman P, Fuciños P, Vázquez JA, Pandiella SS. By-products of the rice processing obtained by controlled debranning as substrates for the production of probiotic bacteria. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee HT, Lee SJ, Yoon JW. Immunomodulation by Bioprocessed Polysaccharides from <i>Lentinus edodes</i> Mycelia Cultures with Rice Bran in the <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum-infected Chicken Macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13103/jfhs.2018.33.5.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Zarei I, Luna E, Leach JE, McClung A, Vilchez S, Koita O, Ryan EP. Comparative Rice Bran Metabolomics across Diverse Cultivars and Functional Rice Gene⁻Bran Metabolite Relationships. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040063. [PMID: 30304872 PMCID: PMC6315861 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) processing yields ~60 million metric tons of bran annually. Rice genes producing bran metabolites of nutritional and human health importance were assessed across 17 diverse cultivars from seven countries using non-targeted metabolomics, and resulted in 378–430 metabolites. Gambiaka cultivar had the highest number and Njavara had the lowest number of metabolites. The 71 rice bran compounds of significant variation by cultivar included 21 amino acids, seven carbohydrates, two metabolites from cofactors and vitamins, 33 lipids, six nucleotides, and two secondary metabolites. Tryptophan, α-ketoglutarate, γ-tocopherol/β-tocopherol, and γ-tocotrienol are examples of bran metabolites with extensive cultivar variation and genetic information. Thirty-four rice bran components that varied between cultivars linked to 535 putative biosynthetic genes using to the OryzaCyc 4.0, Plant Metabolic Network database. Rice genes responsible for bran composition with animal and human health importance is available for rice breeding programs to utilize in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Emily Luna
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Jan E Leach
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Anna McClung
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León 21000, Nicaragua.
| | - Ousmane Koita
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Appliquée, Campus de Badalabougou, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, BP 1805 Bamako, Mali.
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Zarei I, Brown DG, Nealon NJ, Ryan EP. Rice Bran Metabolome Contains Amino Acids, Vitamins & Cofactors, and Phytochemicals with Medicinal and Nutritional Properties. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 10:24. [PMID: 28547736 PMCID: PMC5453916 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-017-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice bran is a functional food that has shown protection against major chronic diseases (e.g. obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer) in animals and humans, and these health effects have been associated with the presence of bioactive phytochemicals. Food metabolomics uses multiple chromatography and mass spectrometry platforms to detect and identify a diverse range of small molecules with high sensitivity and precision, and has not been completed for rice bran. RESULTS This study utilized global, non-targeted metabolomics to identify small molecules in rice bran, and conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature to determine bioactive compounds. Three U.S. rice varieties (Calrose, Dixiebelle, and Neptune), that have been used for human dietary intervention trials, were assessed herein for bioactive compounds that have disease control and prevention properties. The profiling of rice bran by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 453 distinct phytochemicals, 209 of which were classified as amino acids, cofactors & vitamins, and secondary metabolites, and were further assessed for bioactivity. A scientific literature search revealed 65 compounds with health properties, 16 of which had not been previously identified in rice bran. This suite of amino acids, cofactors & vitamins, and secondary metabolites comprised 46% of the identified rice bran metabolome, which substantially enhanced our knowledge of health-promoting rice bran compounds provided during dietary supplementation. CONCLUSION Rice bran metabolite profiling revealed a suite of biochemical molecules that can be further investigated and exploited for multiple nutritional therapies and medical food applications. These bioactive compounds may also be biomarkers of dietary rice bran intake. The medicinal compounds associated with rice bran can function as a network across metabolic pathways and this metabolite network may occur via additive and synergistic effects between compounds in the food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, 4031 Laguna Philippines
| | - Dustin G. Brown
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Colorado State University, 1680 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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Rubinelli PM, Kim SA, Park SH, Roto SM, Nealon NJ, Ryan EP, Ricke SC. Differential effects of rice bran cultivars to limit Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken cecal in vitro incubations and impact on the cecal microbiome and metabolome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185002. [PMID: 28937988 PMCID: PMC5609742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, rice brans from different cultivars (Calrose, Jasmine, and Red Wells) were assessed for their ability to inhibit Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium using an in vitro mixed anaerobic culture system containing cecal microbiota obtained from broilers of different ages. Salmonella Typhimurium was added to controls (feed only, cecal only, and feed + cecal material) and treatments (feed + cecal + different rice brans) and S. Typhimurium populations were enumerated at 0, 24, and 48 h. Two experimental conditions were applied 1) unadapted condition in which S. Typhimurium was added at the beginning of the culture incubation and 2) adapted condition in which S. Typhimurium was added after a 24 hour pre-incubation of the cecal bacteria with the feed and/or rice bran. Among the three rice brans, only Calrose exhibited a rapid inhibition of S. Typhimurium, which decreased to undetectable levels after 24 h under the adapted incubation. Changes in microbiological composition and metabolites by addition of Calrose bran were also investigated with an Illumina MiSeq platform and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Addition of Calrose bran resulted in significant changes including decreased Firmicutes phylum abundance and an increased number of metabolites associated with fatty acid metabolism. In summary, it appears that rice bran from specific rice cultivars may be effective as a means to reduce Salmonella in the chicken ceca. In addition, Calrose rice bran inclusion leads to changes in cecal microbiological composition and metabolite profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Rubinelli
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M. Roto
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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Dietary Supplementation of Fermented Rice Bran Effectively Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070747. [PMID: 28703759 PMCID: PMC5537861 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran (RB) is a major by-product of rice polishing and a rich source of bioactive compounds. Here, we investigated the anti-colitis effect of diet supplementation with fermented rice bran (FRB) in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. FRB was prepared by dual fermentation of RB using fungi and lactic acid bacteria. Colitis was induced in C57Bl/6N male mice (n = 8/group) by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Body weight change, disease activity index (DAI), histopathology score, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokine and chemokine transcript levels, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and mucin in the colonic tissue were monitored. Based on histopathology scores, DSS induced severe mucosal inflammation, with an increased loss of crypts, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the control and RB groups, but not in the FRB group. MPO activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels, and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcript (Tnf-α, Il-1β, Il-6, and Il-17) levels were significantly higher in the control and RB groups than in the FRB group. Thus, dietary FRB attenuated intestinal inflammation owing to elevated SCFAs and tryptamine production, which might regulate tight junction barrier integrity and intestinal homeostasis. These results suggest that FRB could comprise an effective potential preventive agent for ulcerative colitis.
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Bhat FM, Riar CS. Extraction, identification and assessment of antioxidative compounds of bran extracts of traditional rice cultivars: An analytical approach. Food Chem 2017; 237:264-274. [PMID: 28763995 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidative compounds were extracted by ultrasonic treatment of bran extracts of seven pigmented (completely) and non pigmented (sparsely) colored rice cultivars followed by assessment of their in vitro antioxidative capacity by LC-MS and oxidation/reduction assay based methods. A total of 40-compounds, 7-phenolic, 9-flavonoids, 9-hydroxycinammic acid derivatives, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and other glucosides specifically, pro-anthocyanidin trimer and procyanidin-B1 (dimer) were indentified in completely colored rice cultivars. Higher DPPH radical scavenging activity of pigmented cultivars was due to higher percentage of phenolics like thymol, quinicquinic-caffeicacid ester and polar dicaffeoylquinic acid; whereas higher lipid peroxidation inhibition was attributed to the presence of polar substances such as p-hydroxybenzoicacid, procyanidin B1 and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. The phosphomolybdenum reduction capacity was attributed to luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, caffeicacid, myrecitin and phloreticacid. Whereas, grater reducing power of pigmented bran was attributed to presence of multiple-OH groups containing phenols, flavonoid and hydracinammicacid depicting potential health and nutritional effects of these rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan M Bhat
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India
| | - Charanjit S Riar
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106, India.
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Nealon NJ, Worcester CR, Ryan EP. Lactobacillus paracasei metabolism of rice bran reveals metabolome associated with Salmonella Typhimurium growth reduction. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1639-1656. [PMID: 28371001 PMCID: PMC5518229 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to determine the effect of a cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 27092 with and without rice bran extract (RBE) on Salmonella Typhimurium 14028s growth, and to identify a metabolite profile with antimicrobial functions. METHODS AND RESULTS Supernatant was collected from overnight cultures of L. paracasei incubated in the presence (LP+RBE) or absence (LP) of RBE and applied to S. Typhimurium. LP+RBE reduced 13·1% more S. Typhimurium growth than LP after 16 h (P < 0·05). Metabolite profiles of LP and LP+RBE were examined using nontargeted global metabolomics consisting of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A comparison of LP and LP+RBE revealed 84 statistically significant metabolites (P < 0·05), where 20 were classified with antimicrobial functions. CONCLUSIONS LP+RBE reduced S. Typhimurium growth to a greater extent than LP, and the metabolite profile distinctions suggested that RBE favourably modulates the metabolism of L. paracasei. These findings warrant continued investigation of probiotic and RBE antimicrobial activities across microenvironments and matrices where S. Typhimurium exposure is problematic. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study showed a novel metabolite profile of probiotic L. paracasei and prebiotic rice bran that increased antimicrobial activity against S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - C R Worcester
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - E P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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